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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 11168. Отображено 100.
02-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and System for Controlled Gasification

Номер: US20120023822A1
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

Disclosed is a system and a method of controlled gasification. The method includes introducing a first fuel to a gasifier in a system, introducing a first fuel to a gasifier in a system, generating a product gas by partially oxidizing the first fuel with an oxidizer including oxygen, directing a first portion of the product gas to a process chamber, and selectively introducing a recycled portion of the product gas to the gasifier.

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02-02-2012 дата публикации

Catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition

Номер: US20120029243A1
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to a composition (“composite”) comprising lignin and at least one catalyst dispersed in the composition. The invention further provides a process for producing such a catalyst- and lignin-comprising composition and its use for preparing an aromatics composition.

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16-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for processing of carbon-containing feed stock into gasification gas

Номер: US20120036778A1
Автор: Sergii Y. Stryzhak
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

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08-03-2012 дата публикации

Method of treating an off-gas stream and an apparatus therefor

Номер: US20120058545A1
Автор: Sandra Schreuder
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention provides a method of treating an off-gas stream ( 80 ) comprising NH 3 and H 2 S to provide a sulphate stream ( 910 ), the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a first off-gas stream ( 80 ) comprising NH 3 , H 2 S, CO 2 and optionally one or more of HCN, COS and CS 2 ; (ii) passing the first off-gas stream ( 80 ) to an incinerator ( 300 ) to oxidise NH 3 , H 2 S, and optionally one or more of HCN, COS and CS 2 to provide a second off-gas stream ( 310 ) comprising N 2 , H 2 O, SO 2 and CO 2 ; (iii) scrubbing the second off-gas stream ( 310 ) with a first aqueous alkaline stream ( 380, 876 a ) in a caustic scrubber ( 350 ) to separate SO 2 and a part of the CO 2 from the second off-gas stream to provide a spent caustic stream ( 360 ) comprising carbonate and one or both of sulphite and bisulphite and a caustic scrubber off-gas stream ( 370 ) comprising N 2 and CO 2 ; and (iv) passing the spent caustic stream ( 360 ) to an aerator ( 900 ) comprising sulphur-oxidising bacteria in the presence of oxygen to biologically disc sulphite and bisulphite to sulphate to provide a sulphate stream ( 910 ).

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15-03-2012 дата публикации

Catalytic gasification of organic matter in supercritical water

Номер: US20120060418A1

A catalyst system including at least one metal and an oxide support, said oxide support including at least one of Al 2 O 3 , Mn x O y , MgO, ZrO 2 , and La 2 O 3 , or any mixtures thereof; said catalyst being suitable for catalyzing at least one reaction under supercritical water conditions is disclosed. Additionally, a system for producing a high-pressure product gas under super-critical water conditions is provided. The system includes a pressure reactor accommodating a feed mixture of water and organic matter; a solar radiation concentrating system heating the pressure reactor and elevating the temperature and the pressure of the mixture to about the water critical temperature point and pressure point or higher. The reactor is configured and operable to enable a supercritical water process of the mixture to occur therein for conversion of the organic matter and producing a high-pressure product fuel gas.

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22-03-2012 дата публикации

Method for Producing Ethanol

Номер: US20120071697A1
Автор: Masaru Ichikawa

A method for producing ethanol by which ethanol can be synthesized from less fermentable biomass materials such as plant-derived materials and rice straws and industrial waste biomass materials such as wooden building materials and pulp and which can therefore broaden the range of raw materials for the production of ethanol. Specifically, a method for producing ethanol including reacting a raw material gas obtained by a thermochemical gasification reaction of biomass in the presence of a catalyst containing rhodium, at least one transition metal, and at least one element selected from lithium, magnesium and zinc.

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17-05-2012 дата публикации

Entrained flow gasifier with integrated radiation cooler

Номер: US20120117878A1
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AG

An entrained flow gasifier designed as a component for an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant of optimized efficiency is provided. The raw gas initially flows through a waste heat unit designed as a radiation cooler and subsequently flows through a full water quench. This results in a higher ratio of steam in the raw gas, which decreases the medium-pressure steam supply before the water-gas shift and thus improves efficiency in IGCC plants with CO 2 separation.

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24-05-2012 дата публикации

Pyrolyser

Номер: US20120125757A1
Автор: Robert D. Eden
Принадлежит: Process Ltd

The present invention provides a pyrolysis system comprising an entrained flow pyrolyser having an opening through which biomass can be added. The pyrolyser also has an inlet for hot exhaust gas, an outlet for pyrolysed biomass and an outlet for syngas. The system has a burner for producing hot exhaust gas and a conduit between the burner and the hot exhaust gas inlet. A syngas extraction means for extracting syngas from the pyrolyser. The syngas extraction means extracts syngas from the pyrolyser at a rate such that the internal pressure within the pyrolyser never exceeds the pressure external to the pyrolyser.

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31-05-2012 дата публикации

Fuel injector having tip cooling

Номер: US20120132725A1
Автор: Constantin Dinu
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

According to various embodiments, a system includes a gasification fuel injector. The gasification fuel injector includes a tip portion, an annular coolant chamber disposed in the tip portion, a recessed surface for cooling control and a first structural support extending through the annular coolant chamber. The first structural support divides the annular coolant chamber into a first passage and a second passage.

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05-07-2012 дата публикации

Integrated gasification combined cycle plant with char preparation system

Номер: US20120167585A1
Автор: Alex Wormser
Принадлежит: Wormser Energy Solutions Inc

Provided herein are systems, methods and equipment that include Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology to retrofit existing plants, that include, e.g., subsystems for separating char fines from syngas after it emerges from an internally-circulating fluidized bed carbonizer and injecting the char into the carbonizer draft tube as a fuel source. Efficiency and power generation are thus increased to the extent that inclusion of carbon capture systems are now possible for existing coal plants in order to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

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25-10-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by means of torrefaction and crushing

Номер: US20120266485A1

An apparatus and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by torrefaction. The apparatus including an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements which is temperature resistant up to 350 degrees Celsius, a feed device for hot circulation gas in the lower region of the impact reactor, a feed device for solid or paste-like raw energy materials in the head region of the impact reactor. The apparatus further including at least one withdrawal device for a gas flow having comminuted and torrefacted raw energy particles and a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and torrefacted raw energy particles from the gas flow taken out of the impact reactor.

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06-12-2012 дата публикации

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Номер: US20120309070A1
Принадлежит: Luca Technologies LLC

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

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13-12-2012 дата публикации

Tunable catalytic gasifiers and related methods

Номер: US20120311931A1
Автор: John Dooher
Принадлежит: Good Earth Power Corp

The present disclosure provides tunable catalytic gasifier systems suitable for gasifying coal, biomass, and other fuel sources. The gasifier reactors of the disclosed systems may be heated by, e.g., a catalytic tube or other jacket that generates heat by catalytically combusting syngas, which syngas may be syngas produced by the gasifier system.

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31-01-2013 дата публикации

Gasification system and method

Номер: US20130028801A1
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

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31-01-2013 дата публикации

Gasification system and method

Номер: US20130030062A1
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

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14-02-2013 дата публикации

Gasification power generation plant

Номер: US20130036720A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A gasifier ( 101 ) that has a fluid communication channel ( 131 ) that communicates a fluid, which undergoes heat exchange in the furnace, and that generates syngas by gasifying fuel; gas purifying equipment that removes impurities contained in the syngas generated by the gasifier ( 101 ); a gas turbine that is driven by the gas purified by the gas purifying equipment; and a heat exchanger that heats a fluid with exhaust expelled from the gas turbine are provided, and the fluid heated by the heat exchanger is supplied to the fluid communication channel ( 131 ) by being pressurized by pressurizing gas when performing warm-up of the gasifier ( 101 ).

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14-02-2013 дата публикации

Systems And Methods For Starting Up A Gasifier

Номер: US20130037750A1
Принадлежит: Kellogg Brown and Root LLC

Systems and methods for starting a gasifier are provided. In the method, a heated start-up medium can be fed to a gasifier operating at a first temperature. Heat can be transferred from the heated start-up medium to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier from the first temperature to an intermediate temperature sufficient to auto-ignite a start-up fuel. A start-up fuel and an oxidant can be fed to the gasifier after the temperature within the gasifier is increased to the intermediate temperature. At least a portion of the start-up fuel can be combusted within the gasifier to produce a combustion gas. Heat can be transferred from the combustion gas to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier to an operating temperature, wherein the operating temperature is sufficient to gasify at least a portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock.

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07-03-2013 дата публикации

System for recycling captured agglomerated diesel soot and related method

Номер: US20130055699A1
Автор: Michael B. ROHLFS
Принадлежит: Dearborn Financial Inc

A method of recycling captured agglomerated soot captured by and collected from a diesel emission control after-treatment (DECAT) system, the method comprising collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot (CADS) as a feedstock, loading the CADS into a controlled thermochemical conversion (TCC) process reactor, employing time-phased heat and pressure in the controlled TCC process reactor until the CADS sufficiently decompose to reclaim solids, liquid fuels and gases, piping pyrolysis oils (tars) and vapors produced in the controlled TCC process reactor to chambers, cooling and condensing the pyrolysis oils and vapors into a liquid form, and recirculating a pyrolysis gas produced in the controlled TCC process reactor for use as a source of heat and power.

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28-03-2013 дата публикации

Fuel gasification system

Номер: US20130078158A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A fuel gasification system including a gasification furnace including a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas for gasifying fuel charged into gasification gas and flammable solid content, a combustion furnace for combustion of the flammable solid content into which the flammable solid content produced in the furnace is introduced together with bed material and that includes a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas, a material separator such as hot cyclone that separates bed material from exhaust gas introduced from the combustion furnace, the separated bed material being fed through a downcomer to the gasification furnace, and a tar decomposing mechanism that heats the gasification gas produced in the furnace to decompose tar contained in the gasification gas.

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25-04-2013 дата публикации

Two stage dry feed gasification process

Номер: US20130099168A1
Автор: Shuncheng Ji
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A dry feed two stage gasification system and process is disclosed for gasifying feedstock such as carbonaceous materials with improved energy efficiency, along with reductions in feedstock consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The feedstock is first dried and pretreated with the hot syngas in the upper section of the gasifier to generate a dry char that is low in volatile-matter content. This dry char is sent to the first stage of a two stage gasifier where it reacts with oxygen in the presence of steam to produce a hot syngas stream.

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02-05-2013 дата публикации

System and method for dry mixing a gasification feed

Номер: US20130109564A1
Автор: Gary Daniel Miller
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

Present embodiments include systems and methods for reducing variations in a solid feed provided to a gasifier. For example, in an embodiment, a gasification feed vessel includes a solid fuel inlet configured to receive a solid fuel into the gasification feed vessel, a dry mixer configured to dry mix the solid fuel within the feed vessel, a solid fuel outlet configured to deliver a feed of the solid fuel to a gasification system, and a metering device coupled to the solid fuel outlet. The metering device is configured to control an amount of the feed of the solid fuel delivered to the gasification system. The gasification feed vessel is configured to provide the feed of the solid fuel to the gasification system within a desired energy concentration range over time.

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23-05-2013 дата публикации

System and process for biomass conversion to renewable fuels with byproducts recycled to gasifier

Номер: US20130131196A1

This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

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27-06-2013 дата публикации

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

Номер: US20130161563A1
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

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27-06-2013 дата публикации

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

Номер: US20130165534A1
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

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04-07-2013 дата публикации

Hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

Номер: US20130172640A1
Принадлежит: Greatpoint Energy Inc

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane product stream and a char by-product, and more specifically to removal of the char by-product from the hydromethanation reactor.

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25-07-2013 дата публикации

System and Method for Processing Alternate Fuel Sources

Номер: US20130186810A1
Принадлежит: Individual

An energy conserving wastewater treatment system capable of being fueled by alternate fuel sources comprises a synthesis gas generator that produces synthesis gas from a fuel and an organic waste digester that produces biogas. A combined synthesis gas and biogas storage reservoir that is in communication with both the synthesis gas generator and the organic waste digester. At least one boiler is in communication with the combined synthesis gas and biogas storage reservoir.

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15-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20130210096A1
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

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05-09-2013 дата публикации

Horizontally-Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer System

Номер: US20130228445A1
Принадлежит: Plasco Energy Group Inc

A method and apparatus is described for the efficient conversion of carbonaceous feedstock including municipal solid waste into a product gas through gasification. More specifically, a horizontally-oriented gasifier having one or more lateral transfer system for moving material through the gasifier is provided thereby allowing for the horizontal expansion of the gasification process such that there is sequential promotion of feedstock drying, volatization and char-to-ash conversions.

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05-09-2013 дата публикации

Device for Slag Removal from a Coal Gasification Reactor

Номер: US20130228641A1
Автор: Christoph Hanrott
Принадлежит: UHDE GMBH

A device is disclosed for removing slag from a coal gasification reactor and to a slag water bath enclosed by the reaction vessel. The slag is discharged by means of a lock-type transfer vessel arranged downstream of the slag bath. The lock-type transfer vessel comprises one upper and one lower cylindrical section, the upper cylindrical section having a diameter larger than that of the lower cylindrical section and both sections being connected with each other via a tapered section which preferably is conical and the angle of the cone being similar to that of the angle of repose of the slag. Also disclosed is a process for removing slag from a coal gasification reactor and a slag water bath housed by the reaction vessel. The device permits a discharge of slag in a lock-type transfer vessel and precludes formation of slag incrustations in the lock-type transfer vessel.

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26-09-2013 дата публикации

Macroapparatus for the production and treatment of gas obtained from mineral coal

Номер: US20130247846A1
Автор: Giovanni Cappello
Принадлежит: KOAR ENERGY RESOURCES LLC

A plant and a method for the production of energy from coal CM. In the plant, a macroapparatus comprises: an updraft gasifier, a dedusting unit; an evaporative cooler; a scrubber; and a humidifier. The cooler and the scrubber each comprise means for spraying an aqueous mixture into the gas, a basin for storing a quantity of condensed aqueous mixture, a recirculation circuit for removing the aqueous mixture from the basin and supplying it to the spraying means, and a bleed for removing the condensed pollutants and conveying them to the gasifier. The scrubber also comprises a heat exchanger along the recirculation circuit. The humidifier comprises: means for spraying into an oxygenated gas the aqueous mixture drawn from the cooler basin; a line for supplying the wet oxygenated gas to the gasifier.

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14-11-2013 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels from coal

Номер: US20130303637A1
Автор: Ronald Kyle
Принадлежит: ECOKAP TECHNOLOGIES LLC

A method of converting coal into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a high pressure, high temperature reactor which operates upon a blend of micronized coal, a catalyst, and steam. Microwave power is directed into the reactor. The catalyst, preferably magnetite, will act as a heating media for the microwave power and the temperature of the reactor will rise to a level to efficiently convert the coal and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

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21-11-2013 дата публикации

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

Номер: US20130306913A1
Принадлежит: Curtin University of Technology

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

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28-11-2013 дата публикации

Process for generating a synthetic natural gas

Номер: US20130317126A1
Принадлежит: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC

A process is described for reducing the thiophene content in a synthesis gas mixture, comprising comprises the steps of (i) passing a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and containing thiophene over a copper-containing sorbent disposed in a sorbent vessel at an inlet temperature in the range 200-280 oC, (ii) withdrawing a thiophene depleted synthesis gas containing methanol from the sorbent vessel, and (iii) adjusting the temperature of the methanol-containing thiophene-depleted synthesis gas mixture. The resulting gas mixture may be used for production of chemicals, e.g. methanol production or for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons, for hydrogen production by using water gas shift, or for the production of synthetic natural gas.

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12-12-2013 дата публикации

Gasification Method for Reducing Emission of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20130326953A1
Принадлежит: SK Innovation Co Ltd

Provided is a gasification method of a carbon-containing material, the method including: (a) reacting a carbon-containing material to be treated under the presence of a catalyst with steam to produce a syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) generating a carbon dioxide rich gas by introducing a portion of the syngas that has produced in step (a) into a combustion process, and/or separating hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the syngas produced in step (a); and (c) recycling, to step (a), the carbon dioxide rich gas that has been produced in step (b). By the method, the necessity of separating or collecting and storing carbon dioxide for reducing carbon dioxide is eliminated to minimize costs for constructing a special device and facility for the separation or collecting and storage of the carbon dioxide.

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26-12-2013 дата публикации

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods

Номер: US20130341569A1
Принадлежит: Sundrop Fuels Inc

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

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09-01-2014 дата публикации

Process for regulating joule value of offgases from plants for pig iron production or of synthesis gas

Номер: US20140007504A1

In a plant having integrated CO 2 removal, for pig iron production or synthesizing gas, at least part of the offgas or synthesis gas is discharged as export gas from the plant, optionally collected in an export gas container and subsequently thermally utilized in a gas turbine. The offgas from the gas turbine is fed to a waste heat boiler for generation of steam. To reduce the addition of high-grade fuel gases, at least part of the tailgas from the CO 2 removal plant is mixed into the export gas upstream of the gas turbine as a function of the joule value of the export gas after addition of the tailgas. The proportion of tailgas is increased when the joule value of the export gas goes above a predefined maximum joule value and the proportion of tailgas is reduced when the joule value of the export gas drops below a predefined minimum joule value.

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16-01-2014 дата публикации

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

Номер: US20140014878A1
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

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13-02-2014 дата публикации

Cyclonic reactor with non-equilibrium gliding discharge and plasma process for reforming of solid hydrocarbons

Номер: US20140042368A1
Принадлежит: DREXEL UNIVERSITY

A reactor for reforming a hydrocarbon, and associated processes and systems, are described herein. In one example, a reactor is provided that is configured to use non-equilibrium gliding arc discharge plasma. In another example, the reactor uses a vortex flow pattern. Two stages of reforming are described. In a first stage, the hydrocarbon absorbs heat from the wall of the reactor and combusts to form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water. In a second stage, a gliding arc discharge is use to form syngas, which is a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. The heat generated by the combustion of the first stage transfers to the wall of the reactor and heated products of the second stage mix with incoming hydrocarbon to provide for partial recuperation of the reaction energy.

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20-02-2014 дата публикации

Flux addition as a filter conditioner

Номер: US20140050632A1
Автор: Emile J. Troxclair
Принадлежит: Lummus Technology Inc

Improvements in a gasification system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with improved energy efficiency. Improved methods and systems for more efficient removal of particulates from a raw synthesis gas while simultaneously providing a novel mechanism for fluxing agent addition to the gasification reactor. A conditioning agent, in the form of coarse fluxing agent particles, is added to the raw synthesis gas upstream from the particle filtration unit. The conditioning agent allows more rapid turnaround of the filtration unit following filter element replacement, extend filter life, facilitates the removal of filter cake from the particle filters, and combines with removed filter cake for recycling to the gasifier. Addition of fluxing agent via this route eliminates the need to premix fluxing agent with the carbonaceous feedstock, thereby maximizing the rate of feedstock addition to the gasification reactor.

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06-03-2014 дата публикации

Cement clinker manufacturing plant

Номер: US20140065028A1
Принадлежит: Vicat SA

A cement clinker manufacturing plant that includes a plant for producing purified syngas, obtained from solid waste, and process for transferring ash recovered from the ash pan of the gasifier to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device, which the plant includes, and/or of the furnace for the purpose of incorporating said ash into the feedstock; and a process for conveying the purified syngas to the main tuyere of the furnace and/or to at least one inlet of the feedstock conversion device.

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13-03-2014 дата публикации

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Номер: US20140073023A1
Принадлежит: TRANSWORLD TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

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06-01-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING WASTE PLASTIC INTO POWER

Номер: US20220002626A1
Автор: Fox James Alistair
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process and system for converting carbon material into power. Carbon material is gasified into synthesis gas in a gasifier and steam is supplied to the gasifier The synthesis gas is supplied to a gas turbine to produce power. Air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is cooled in a first cooling device with water to produce steam The steam is used in at least one steam turbine to produce power and the steam from at least one steam turbine is recycled to the gasifier 1. A process for converting carbon material into power , comprising the steps of:a. gasifying the carbon material into synthesis gas in a gasifier, wherein steam is supplied to the gasifier;b. supplying the synthesis gas to a gas turbine to produce power, wherein air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine;c. cooling exhaust gas from the gas turbine in a first cooling device with water to produce steam; andd. using steam produced in step c in at least one steam turbine to produce power;wherein the steam from step d is recycled to the gasifier.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gasification in step a is carried out without air or oxygen.3. The process as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is waste plastic.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the waste plastic is polyethylene or polyethylene terephalate.5. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 3 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 800K and 1200K.6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 900K and 1100K.7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is 1000K.8. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the pressure of the gasifier is between 0.5 to 1.5 bar.9. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the temperature of combustion in the gas turbine is below 1800K.10. The process as claimed ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

CYCLONE INTEGRATED TYPE STORAGE DEVICE, INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE, AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING PARTICLES

Номер: US20200001310A1
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.

A cyclone integrated type storage device that helps to reduce equipment costs, which includes: a hollow pressure vessel; a cyclone provided in a vertically upper part of the pressure vessel and configured to swirl a produced gas introduced from outside and containing particles to thereby separate at least some of char from the produced gas, the cyclone including an opening and an exhaust port, the opening permitting discharge of the separated char vertically downward in the pressure vessel, the exhaust port permitting discharge of the produced gas to the outside of the pressure vessel; a particle storage chamber provided in a vertically lower part of the pressure vessel and storing the char discharged through the opening; and an outlet port formed in a bottom of the pressure vessel and permitting discharge of the particles stored in the particle storage chamber to the outside. 19-. (canceled)10. A cyclone integrated type storage device comprising:a hollow pressure vessel;a cylindrical cyclone chamber formed in a vertically upper part of the pressure vessel;a cyclone provided within the cyclone chamber, the cyclone being configured to swirl gas introduced from outside and containing particles to thereby separate at least some of the particles from the gas, the cyclone including an opening and an exhaust port, the opening permitting discharge of the separated particles vertically downward in the pressure vessel, the exhaust port permitting discharge of the gas to the outside of the pressure vessel;a cylindrical particle storage chamber formed in a vertically lower part of the pressure vessel, the particle storage chamber storing the particles discharged through the opening, the particle storage chamber having a lager inner diameter than an inner diameter of the cyclone chamber; andan outlet port formed in a bottom of the pressure vessel, the outlet port permitting discharge of the particles stored in the particle storage chamber to the outside.11. The cyclone ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR FUEL CONVERSION

Номер: US20160002034A1
Принадлежит:

In one embodiment described herein, fuel may be converted into syngas by a method comprising feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another, reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides, transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor, regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor, and recycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for sub-sequent reduction reactions to produce syngas. The composite metal oxides may be solid particles comprising a primary metal oxide and a secondary metal oxide. 1. A method for converting fuel into syngas , the method comprising:feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another, wherein the composite metal oxides are solid particles comprising a primary metal oxide and a secondary metal oxide;reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides;transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor;regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor; andrecycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for subsequent reduction reactions to produce syngas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a gas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is natural gas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is natural gas claim 1 , coal claim 1 , biomass claim 1 , petroleum coke claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , residual oil claim 1 , shale gas claim 1 , C-Clight hydrocarbons claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing reactant comprises air claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , steam claim 1 , ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

Номер: US20180002248A1
Принадлежит:

A process to efficiently convert organic feedstock material into liquid non-oxygenated hydrocarbons in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range is disclosed. The process can utilize gaseous, liquid or solid organic feedstocks containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen. The feedstock may require preparation of the organic feedstock for the process and is converted first into a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then cleaned and conditioned and extraneous components removed, leaving substantially only the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is then converted via a series of chemical reactions into the desired liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine and may be regarded a replacement for petrol made from fossil fuels in the Cto Ccarbon backbone range. The process also recycles gaseous by-products back through the various reactors of the process to maximize the liquid hydrocarbon in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range yield. 1. A process for producing a Cto Chydrocarbon fuel from organic material , comprising:a) applying a heat source to heat an organic feedstock and oxygen at substoichiometric conditions to a temperature sufficient for partial combustion of said organic feedstock to occur and then ceasing application of said heat source once partial combustion has commenced;b) partially combusting said organic feedstock so as to produce a synthesis gas stream, said synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;{'sub': '10', 'c) substantially removing unwanted solid and liquid matter comprising oxides, ash and hydrocarbons having a carbon skeleton of greater than Cfrom said synthesis gas stream to produce a first cleaned synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;'}d) compressing said first cleaned synthesis gas stream and substantially removing water;e) conditioning and further cleaning the first cleaned ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

Improvements in Waste Processing

Номер: US20160002545A1
Принадлежит: CHINOOK END-STAGE RECYCLING LIMITED

This invention provides an apparatus for pyrolysing or gasifying material containing an organic content. The apparatus comprising an oven () mounted for rotation on at least one support (). The oven () has an inlet () for receiving hot gas having a low or zero oxygen content to heat the material therein so as to process it to produce syngas, and an outlet () for said syngas. An electromagnet () is disposed in or adjacent the oven () so as to create a magnetic field therein and a plurality of ferrous elements () are freely disposed within the oven (). A controller () is provided for controlling the electromagnet () and the rotation of the oven (). When activated the electromagnet retains said ferrous elements as the oven rotates. 1. An apparatus for pyrolysing or gasifying material containing an organic content; the apparatus comprising:an oven mounted for rotation on at least one support, said oven having an inlet for receiving hot gas having a low or zero oxygen content to heat the material therein so as to process it to produce syngas, and an outlet for said syngas;an electromagnet disposed in or adjacent said oven so as to create a magnetic field therein;a plurality of ferrous elements freely disposed within the oven; andcontrol means for controlling the electromagnet and the rotation of the oven such that when activated said electromagnet retains said ferrous elements as the oven rotates.2. The apparatus according to wherein the oven further comprises a first portion and a second portion claim 1 , wherein said first portion is disposed above said second portion in a first rotational position and wherein said second portion is disposed above said first portion in a second rotational position; wherein said control means is configured to control the oven to rotate it between the first position and the second position.3. The apparatus according to wherein the electromagnet is located in the first portion and the control means is configured to deactivate the ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

Номер: US20160002547A1
Принадлежит:

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided. 1. A system for the production of synthesis gas , the system comprising:a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, wherein the gasification apparatus comprises at least one vessel configured for fluidization of the contents thereof via introduction thereto of a fluidization gas comprising at least one non-steam component;at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus and configured to prepare a carbonaceous material for introduction into the gasification apparatus; synthesis gas conditioning apparatus configured to produce a conditioned synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide that is different from the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the gasification product gas, to provide a conditioned synthesis gas having a reduced amount of at least one component relative to the ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CONVERSION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20170002271A1
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel. 1. A method , comprising:generating oxygen in an oxygen separation unit utilizing electricity from wind or solar power;supplying the oxygen from the oxygen separation unit to a synthesis gas generation unit;supplying steam to the synthesis gas generation unit;producing synthesis gas in the synthesis gas generation unit using a combination of steam reformation and partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the synthesis gas generation unit; andconverting the synthesis gas into a fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the synthesis gas into the fuel includes converting the synthesis gas into a liquid fuel.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising storing the oxygen generated by the oxygen separation unit prior to supplying the oxygen from the oxygen separation unit to the synthesis gas generation unit.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein storing the oxygen generated by the oxygen separation unit includes cryogenically storing the oxygen generated by the oxygen separation unit.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing electricity to operate the oxygen separation unit from a solar or wind powered renewable energy source.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein producing synthesis gas in the synthesis gas generation unit includes operating one or more plasma electrodes in the synthesis gas generation unit to partially oxidize the hydrocarbon feedstock.7. The ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

COAL SLURRY PREHEATER AND COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING THE SAME

Номер: US20170002280A1
Принадлежит:

This invention involves with a gasification system, which includes a gasifier, which gasifier comprises a gasification chamber for producing syngas from coal slurry and a quench chamber for cooling the syngas from the gasification chamber. The mentioned gasification system also comprises preheater located in the quench chamber for utilizing heat in the quench chamber to preheat the coal slurry before the coal slurry enters the gasification chamber. Wherein, the preheater comprises a pipe device defining a passage for the coal slurry to pass through, the passage in communication with the gasification chamber and upstream of the gasification chamber in a flow direction of the coal slurry. This invention also involves with a preheater used in the mentioned gasification system and the gasification method of the mentioned gasification device. 1. A gasification system , comprising:A gasifier comprising a gasification chamber for producing syngas from coal slurry and a quench chamber for cooling the syngas from the gasification chamber; andA preheater located in the quench chamber for utilizing heat in the quench chamber to preheat the coal slurry before the coal slurry enters the gasification chamber,Wherein the preheater comprises a pipe device defining a passage for the coal slurry to pass through, the passage in communication with the gasification chamber and upstream of the gasification chamber in a flow direction of the coal slurry.2. The gasification system according to claim 1 , further comprising a downcomer pipe for passing the syngas from the gasification chamber into the quench chamber claim 1 , and wherein the pipe device is disposed between an outer face of the downcomer pipe and an inner face of the quench chamber.3. The gasification system according to claim 2 , wherein the pipe device comprises a pipe substantially wound as a cylinder claim 2 , the cylinder having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the quench chamber and an inner diameter ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE FROM A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Номер: US20200002630A1
Автор: Pye David
Принадлежит: Green Waste Energy, Inc.

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of generating electricity for an electrical grid using solid waste , the method comprising:conveying said waste from a water treatment plant comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;exposing the waste to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the waste to a temperature of 160° C. or more;following the exposing of the waste to an environment of saturated steam, pyrolysizing the waste as a result of heating of the waste in an retort comprising multiple heat radiant tubes providing increased retention time of the waste in the retort and heat distribution within the retort, the retort comprising an environment depleted of oxygen and maintained at about 700° C. or more;producing hot synthetic gas via the pyrolysizing of the waste;discharging the hot synthetic gas by product via ports from the retort into a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine is in mechanical connection with an electrical grid;driving the turbine with the hot synthetic gas to generate electricity; anddistributing the generated electricity across the electrical grid.2. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of:cellulosic flakes, wood and textiles.3. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolysizing the waste from the water treatment plant additionally comprises passing the waste from the water treatment plant through a retort comprising a heated multi-zoned pyrolysis muffle chamber.5. The method of ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

All-Steam Gasification with Carbon Capture

Номер: US20200002631A1
Принадлежит: Wormser Energy Solutions, Inc.

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for all-steam gasification with carbon capture includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, volatiles, hydrogen, and volatiles at outlets. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying fluid, and steam. The gasification chamber produces syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets. A combustion chamber receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant and burns the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. The system of the present teaching produces nitrogen free high hydrogen syngas for applications such as IGCC with CCS, CTL, and Polygeneration plants. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam, the micronized char preparation system producing micronized char, steam, volatiles, and hydrogen at outlets; and i) a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char from the micronized char preparation system, and that receives a conveying fluid and steam, the gasification chamber producing syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets; and', 'ii) a combustion chamber that receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant, the combustion chamber burning the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen, the heat for gasification being transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand., 'b) an ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR FOR EMISSION-FREE GENERATION OF ENERGY

Номер: US20200002632A1
Автор: RÜDLINGER Mikael
Принадлежит:

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M) and pyrolysis gas (M) are formed. In a second process stage (P), the pyrolysis coke (M) from the first process stage (P) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M) is formed, and slag and other residues (M M M M) are removed. In a third process stage (P), the synthesis gas (M) from the second process stage (P) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M), which are discharged. The three process stages (P P P) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M) from the third process stage (P) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P), and/or the second process stage (P), and pyrolysis gas (M) from the first process stage (P) is passed into the second process stage (P), and/or the third process stage (P). 1. A process for the emission-free generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products by utilization of carbonaceous materials , in which in a first process stage the carbonaceous materials are supplied and pyrolysed , wherein pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas are formed; in a second process stage , the pyrolysis coke from the first process stage is gasified , wherein synthesis gas is formed , and slag and other residues are removed; and in a third process stage , the synthesis gas from the second process stage is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid , liquid and/or gaseous products , which are discharged; wherein the three process stages form a closed cycle , surplus gas from the third process stage is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage and/or the second process stage , and the pyrolysis gas of the first process stage is passed into the second process stage and/or the third process stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is supplied in at least one ...

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07-01-2021 дата публикации

POWDER FUEL SUPPLY APPARATUS, GASFIER UNIT, INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE, AND CONTROL METHOD OF POWDER FUEL SUPPLY APPARATUS

Номер: US20210002566A1
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.

Provided is a powder fuel supply apparatus comprising a distributor () that branches supplied powder fuel to a plurality of branch tubes (), a plurality of burners () connected to downstream ends () of the plurality of branch tubes (), respectively, to supply char into a gasification furnace that gasifies the powder fuel, a flow nozzle () provided in each of the plurality of branch tubes (), to apply pressure loss to char flow in the branch tube (), a differential pressure gauge () that measures a differential pressure generated by the flow nozzle (), and a control unit that determines decrease in flow velocity of the char flow based on the differential pressure obtained by the differential pressure gauge (). 1. A powder fuel supply apparatus comprising:a distributor that branches supplied powder fuel to a plurality of branch tubes,a plurality of burners connected to downstream ends of the plurality of branch tubes, respectively, to supply the powder fuel into a gasification furnace that gasifies the powder fuel,a flow nozzle provided in each of the plurality of branch tubes, to apply pressure loss to powder fuel flow in the branch tube, and to equally distribute a flow rate of the powder fuel flowing through each of the branch tubes,a pressure loss measuring unit for measuring a differential pressure generated by the flow nozzle, anda control unit that determines decrease in flow velocity of the powder fuel based on the differential pressure.2. The powder fuel supply apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:an inert gas additional supply unit for additionally supplying an inert gas to powder fuel flow of pulverized fuel flowing together with the inert gas toward the distributor, anda control unit that increases a flow rate of the inert gas to be additionally supplied from the inert gas additional supply unit in a case where decrease in flow velocity of the powder fuel flowing through the branch tube is determined based on the differential pressure.3. A ...

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07-01-2021 дата публикации

SLAG DISCHARGE DEVICE, GASIFIER FURNACE AND INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE, AND SLAG DISCHARGE METHOD

Номер: US20210002567A1
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.

An object is to curb damage localized in a slag capturing portion caused when slag passes therethrough. A slag discharge device includes: a screen mesh () that is a porous member including a plurality of through-holes () formed therein; and a crushing device () that crushes water-granulated slag (S) captured by the screen mesh (). The crushing device has a crusher head () that breaks, with a pressure, and thus crushes the water-granulated slag (S), a hydraulic cylinder () that reciprocates the crusher head in a predetermined direction, a guide plate () that restricts movement of the crusher head caused by the hydraulic cylinder, and a plurality of crushing spaces () in which the water-granulated slag (S) is crushed. A communication opening that causes the crushing spaces () to communicate with each other is formed in a partitioning wall guide plate () of the guide plate. 1. A slag discharge device that discharges , from a gasifier furnace adapted to gasify carbonaceous feedstock , slag that is generated at a combustor portion of the gasifier furnace and drops from the combustor portion , the slag discharge device comprising:a capturing portion that is a porous member provided vertically below the combustor portion so as to intersect a dropping direction of the slag and including a plurality of through-holes formed therein, that allows the slag smaller than the through-holes to pass therethrough, and that captures the slag larger than the through-holes; anda crushing means for crushing the slag captured by the capturing portion,wherein the crushing means has a plurality of crushing portions that break, with a pressure, and thus crush the slag that is present on a main capturing surface that is an upper surface of the capturing portion in a vertical direction, a drive portion that reciprocates the crushing portions in a predetermined direction along the main capturing surface, regulation portions that regulate a direction of moving of the crushing portions caused by ...

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

Arrangement and method for preparing a gas

Номер: US20190002777A1
Автор: Karvonen Teuvo
Принадлежит: ForestGas Oy

The invention relates to an arrangement for preparing a gas in a closable reactor by supplying the reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material, such as chips, in substantially oxygen-free conditions, by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature, and by recovering the gas generated in a gasification reaction. In that the arrangement the reactor has its interior defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve, especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome, biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's interior, the reactor's interior is supplied with free water/water vapor in its supercritical state, which is optionally prepared catalytically by splitting water/water vapor, the biomass or wood material is conveyed into a gasification space of the reactor's interior, which is in connection with the heated gasification dome and which is adapted to have existing conditions selected in a manner such that the water present in said gasification space is present in its supercritical state, and the gas generated in the gasification reaction is recovered. 13. An arrangement for preparing a gas (G) in a closable reactor () by supplying said reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material , such as chips , in substantially oxygen-free conditions , by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature , and by recovering the gas (G) generated in a gasification reaction (R) , wherein{'b': 3', '30', '24', '36, 'the reactor () has its interior () defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve (), especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome (),'}{'b': '3', "biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's () interior,"}{'b': '30', "the reactor's interior () is supplied with free ...

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS PRODUCTS AND POWER

Номер: US20160003480A1
Принадлежит:

A gasification system including a gasifier operable to produce, from a carbonaceous feedstock, a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and a Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the gasification product gas, and power production apparatus configured to generate power from a second portion of the gasification product gas, at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or both. A method for operating the system is also provided. 1. A gasification system comprising:a gasifier operable to produce, from a carbonaceous feedstock, a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and a Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the gasification product gas; andpower production apparatus configured to generate power from a second portion of the gasification product gas, at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or both.2. The system of optionally comprising conditioning apparatus configured to alter the composition of the gasification product gas claim 1 , and further comprising:(a) a fluid connection between the gasifier and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; a fluid connection between the synthesis gas conditioning apparatus and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; or both; and(b) a fluid connection between the gasifier and the power production apparatus; a fluid connection between the synthesis gas conditioning apparatus and the power production apparatus; or both.3. The system of further comprising product upgrading apparatus configured to alter the composition of at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products.4. The system of wherein the product upgrading apparatus is configured to provide at least one product selected from the group consisting of primarily naphtha products and primarily diesel ...

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07-01-2021 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DIESEL FUELED CLC FOR EFFICIENT POWER GENERATION AND CO2 CAPTURE

Номер: US20210003041A1

An integrated chemical looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system and method for diesel fuel combining four primary units including: gasification of diesel to ensure complete conversion of fuel, chemical looping combustion with supported nickel-based oxygen carrier on alumina, gas turbine-based power generation and steam turbine-based power generation is described. An external combustion and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) are employed to maximize the efficiency of a gas turbine generator and steam turbine generator. The integrated CLC system provides a clean and efficient diesel fueled power generation plant with high COrecovery. 1. A diesel fueled chemical-looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system , comprising:a feed source of diesel fuel;a gasification chamber fluidly connected to the feed source, the gasification chamber including a first heat exchanger, a gasification reactor and a gasification splitter;a chemical looping combustion chamber fluidly connected to the gasification chamber, the chemical looping combustion chamber including a first reduction reactor, a first splitter, a second reduction reactor and a second splitter;a gas combustion chamber fluidly connected at a first input to a first output of the first splitter and at a second input to the gasification splitter,a gas turbine power generator connected to the combustor;at least one steam turbine electrical power generator;a heat recovery unit fluidly connected to the at least one steam turbine electrical power generator and to the gasification chamber, the heat recovery unit including a second heat exchanger and a plurality of steam generators; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'a COgas purification stage connected to the heat recovery unit, the COgas purification stage including a plurality of condensers and a plurality of compressors.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchanger is connected at a first input to the diesel fuel source claim 1 , and at a ...

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

MICRO-GASIFIER ARRAY NETWORKING

Номер: US20170009159A1
Автор: CHEIKY MICHAEL
Принадлежит: V-GRID ENERGY SYSTEMS

A method is described for integrating a plurality of micro-gasifiers comprising gasifiers, filters, and engine sets or turbine gensets or combined cycle gensets by linking them via a common bus wherein air flow and engine fuel flow is regulated by valves controlling gas flow between the bus and engine genset or turbine genset or combined cycle genset. 1. A multi-gasifier array , comprising:a common gasifier bus connecting two or more micro-gasifier systems, each micro-gasifier system comprising a gasifier, a filter and a genset; anda plurality of airflow valves for regulating the flow of gas within the micro-gasifier array;wherein the plurality of airflow valves are: adjusted to draw air or syngas or hydrogen or natural gas from the gasifier bus and create a partial vacuum on the gasifier bus which is initially filled with air, thus offsetting part of the air flow normally supplied by the engine air input valve;and adjusted to regulate an amount of input gas to the genset to create a pressure delta between the gasifier bus and atmospheric conditions.2. The multi-gasifier array of claim 1 , wherein:the genset comprises an engine genset, a turbine genset or a combined cycle genset; andthe plurality of valves includes a first valve comprising a gasifier output valve that regulates a rate in which air is drawn through the gasifier.3. The multi-gasifier array of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of valves includes a second valve comprising a bi-directional gasifier bus valve that regulates the flow of gas from the gasifier to the gasifier bus claim 2 , or regulates the flow of gas from the gasifier bus to the genset claim 2 , or closes to isolate the micro-gasifier system from the gasifier bus.4. The multi-gasifier array of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of valves includes a third valve comprising an engine fuel input valve that regulates an amount of input fuel gas to the genset and helps regulate a pressure delta between the gasifier bus and atmospheric conditions.5. ...

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

Номер: US20170009160A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method of producing syngas is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that receives at least a first and second feedstock stream, such as a solid waste stream. The first and second feedstock streams are mixed and gasified to produce a first gas stream. An operating parameter is measured and a ratio of the first and second feedstock streams is changed in response to the measurement. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to a syngas comprising:a feedstock module configured to receive at least a first feedstock stream and a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream being different than the first feedstock stream, the feedstock module being further configured to mix the first feedstock stream and the second feedstock stream at a first ratio to produce a first refuse derived feedstock;an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to receiving the refuse derived feedstock, the first gas stream including hydrogen;a process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen;a first sensor arranged to measure a first operating parameter; anda control system coupled for communication to the feedstock module and the sensor, the control system having a processor responsive to executable computer instructions for changing the ratio of the first mixture of the first feedstock stream to the second feedstock stream to a second ratio in response to receiving the first parameter.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first operating parameter is a temperature of the syngas entering the process module.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second feedstock stream has a higher energy content than the first feedstock stream.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the temperature is ...

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

GASIFIER COOLING STRUCTURE, GASIFIER, AND GASIFIER ANNULUS PORTION ENLARGEMENT METHOD

Номер: US20170009161A1
Принадлежит:

Provided is a gasifier cooling structure allowing the complexity of the furnace wall structure to be reduced to a minimum, allowing the configurability of headers and connecting pipes to be improved while maintaining as much as possible the ability to cool raw syngas. In the gasifier cooling structure, the raw syngas from a gasified carbonaceous solid fuel flows through the interior of a furnace wall formed inside a pressure vessel having a circular cross section, and the raw syngas is cooled by heat exchange with a fluid flowing inside a heat exchanger tube from a heat exchanger, whereof a plurality is provided within the furnace wall. The furnace wall has a polygonal structure wherein mutually orthogonal faces are linked by an oblique face in between, and whereof the cross sectional shape is such that the edge of the oblique face is shorter than the edges of the mutually orthogonal faces. 1. A gasifier cooling structure for cooling raw syngas which is generated by gasifying carbonaceous solid fuel and flows inside of a furnace wall formed in a pressure vessel having a circular cross-section , by heat exchange with a fluid flowing through tubes of a plurality of heat exchanger tube groups installed inside the furnace wall ,wherein the furnace wall has a polygonal structure in which faces orthogonal to each other are connected by an oblique face, and has a cross-sectional shape in which a side of the oblique face is shorter than the respective sides of the faces orthogonal to each other, andthe oblique face is provided such that a “one side reduction ratio” which is defined by a formula, “(La−Lb)/La×100”, when a length of a side before corner portions of a square cross-sectional shape are cut is set to be La and a length after the corner portions are cut is set to be Lb, is within a range of 11.1% to 33.3%, and the length La of the side is within a range of 2 m to 5 m.2. The gasifier cooling structure according to claim 1 , wherein a connecting pipe connecting a ...

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

REGENERATOR FOR SYNGAS CLEANUP AND ENERGY RECOVERY IN GASIFIER SYSTEMS

Номер: US20170009162A1
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC.

A rotating heat regenerator is used to recover heat from the syngas at it exits the reactor vessel of a waste or biomass gasifier. In some embodiments, three or more streams are passed through the heat exchanger. One stream is the dirty syngas, which heats the rotating material. A second stream is a cold stream that is heated as it passes through the material. A third stream is a cleaning stream, which serves to remove particulates that are collected on the rotating material as the dirty syngas passes through it. This apparatus can also be used as an auto-heat exchanger, or it can exchange heat between separate flows in the gasifier process. The apparatus can also be used to reduce the heating requirement for the thermal residence chamber (TRC) used downstream from the gasification system 1. A sealing element for a movable device , said movable device being adjacent to a surface , the sealing element comprising:an expandable bladder, having a deflated state wherein a space exists between said movable device and said surface and an inflated state wherein said bladder contacts said movable device and said surface; anda first port through which a gas or fluid is passed to create said deflated and inflated states.2. The sealing element of claim 1 , further comprising a second port such that said gas or fluid enters through said first port and exits through said second port claim 1 , so as to maintain the temperature of said sealing element.3. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said bladder comprises steel.4. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said bladder comprises refractory metal.5. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said movable device is a rotating energy exchanger.6. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein said movable device comprises a circular cross-section claim 1 , and said bladder surrounds a circumference of said circular cross-section of the moveable device.7. The sealing element of claim 1 , wherein the first port is located on an outer ...

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14-01-2016 дата публикации

MOLTEN METAL GASIFIER

Номер: US20160009554A1
Автор: Gueh How Kiap
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for gasification of at least one feed fuel material containing carbon into syngas, under a total pressure which exceeds atmospheric pressure comprises a crucible means for containing molten metal, said crucible including injection means for injecting at least one feed fuel material, oxidant gas, or a combination thereof, beneath the surface of the molten metal, an exhaust pipe connected to said crucible means for discharge of syngas therefrom, cooling means for cooling said syngas connected to said exhaust pipe to form a sealed unit with said crucible means, and tapping means for discharge of slag from said crucible means. 18-. (canceled)9. A process for gasification of feed fuel material into syngas , comprising;(a) electric induction melting of a metal into a melt disposed within a crucible;(b) delivering feed fuel material into contact with at least a portion of the melt to convert at least a portion of feed fuel material into syngas and molten slag;(c) withdrawing molten slag from the crucible and placing molten slag into contact with a cooling fluid to form a granulated slag material; and(d) varying the electric induction melting frequency to a desired frequency band and controlling the temperature of the cooling fluid to a desired range temperature during (c) to cause a desired fluid behaviour of the melt and a desired viscosity of the molten slag.10. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein desired frequency band during (d) is between 50 Hz to 700 Hz.11. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein desired range temperature during (d) is between 15 to 40 degrees Celsius.12. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein the syngas Hto CO ratio is at least 2:1 during (d). The present application relates to an apparatus for production of syngas by gasification of carbon (contained in one or more feed fuel material), said apparatus being intended to work at increased pressure. More specifically the application relates to an ...

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27-01-2022 дата публикации

REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GASIFYING AND/OR MELTING OF FEED MATERIALS

Номер: US20220025284A1
Автор: WEGNER André
Принадлежит: KBI INVEST & MANAGEMENT AG

A reactor enables gasification or melting of waste and additional feed materials. The reactor includes a co-current section with a plenum section and a feed section with a sluice. Feed materials are introduced into the reactor. The reactor further includes a buffer section and a pre-treatment section, which adjoins a bottom of the buffer section to create a cross-sectional enlargement. An intermediate section adjoins the pre-treatment section. An upper oxidation section adjoins a bottom of the intermediate section and includes tuyeres in at least one level. An upper reduction section adjoins a bottom of the upper oxidation section. The reactor further includes a gas outlet section. The reactor further includes a countercurrent section having a conical lower reduction section and a conical lower oxidation section adjoining the conical lower reduction section having at least one tuyere and at least one tapping. 1100. Reactor () for gasifying and/or melting of feed materials , the reactor comprising{'b': '110', 'claim-text': [{'b': '111', 'claim-text': [{'b': 112', '100, 'a feed section with a sluice () through which the feed materials are introduced into the reactor () from above,'}, {'b': 113', '112, 'a buffer section () located below the feed section (),'}, {'b': 114', '113', '140, 'a pre-treatment section () that is located below the bottom of the buffer section () and which has a cross-sectional enlargement in the upper area and a narrowing cross-section in the bottom area so that a discharge cone () of the feed material can form,'}, {'b': 119', '114', '114, 'at least one gas supply means () which open in the pre-treatment section () in the region of the cross-sectional enlargement of the pre-treatment section () and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone, and'}, {'b': 115', '114, 'an intermediate section () that is located below the bottom of the pre-treatment section (),'}], 'a plenum section () comprising'}, {'b': 116', '115', '116', '117', ' ...

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14-01-2016 дата публикации

Fluidized bed system and method for operating fluidized bed furnace

Номер: US20160010007A1
Автор: Hiroshi FUNAGOSHI
Принадлежит: IHI Corp

A fluidized bed system includes a first nozzle group that is provided inside a fluidized bed furnace, a second nozzle group that is provided inside the fluidized bed furnace, a first supply section that supplies a gas into the fluidized bed furnace through the first nozzle group, a second supply section that supplies the gas into the fluidized bed furnace through both the first and second nozzle groups, and a control section that controls the second supply section during a start-up operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form a fluidized bed of a fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace, and stops the supply of the gas by the second supply section and controls the first supply section during a normal operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form the fluidized bed of the fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace.

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14-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OXIDATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS TAR

Номер: US20160010008A1
Автор: Feldmann Herman
Принадлежит:

A method is provided for removing tar from a gas by contacting a first gas containing tar with a second gas containing oxygen for time period sufficient to effect oxidation of at least a portion of the tar in the first gas, thus producing an oxidized product gas that contains less tar than the first gas. The method can also include heating a fluidized particulate material in a combustor, introducing the heated fluidized particulate material from the combustor and a biomass feedstock into a gasifier, such that heat from the heated fluidized particulate material causes the gasification of at least a portion of the biomass feedstock to form a tar-containing product gas, the first gas may contain at least a portion of the tar-containing gas, and the tar-containing gas may be extracted from the gasifier prior to contacting the first gas with the second gas. 1. A method for removing tar from a gas , the method comprising:contacting a first gas comprising tar with a second gas comprising oxygen for time period sufficient to effect oxidation of at least a portion of the tar in the first gas, thus producing an oxidized product gas that comprises less tar than the first gas.2. The method of further comprising heating a fluidized particulate material in a combustor claim 1 , introducing the heated fluidized particulate material from the combustor and a biomass feedstock into a gasifier claim 1 , wherein heat from the heated fluidized particulate material causes the gasification of at least a portion of the biomass feedstock to form a tar-containing product gas claim 1 , wherein the first gas comprises at least a portion of the tar-containing gas claim 1 , and wherein the tar-containing gas is extracted from the gasifier prior to contacting the first gas comprising tar with the second gas comprising oxygen.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluidized particulate material comprises sand.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second gas is selected from the group consisting ...

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09-01-2020 дата публикации

REACTION DEVICE WITH HEAT EXCHANGER AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20200009524A1
Принадлежит:

A reaction device is provided with a first wall that defines an interior in which a stirring mechanism is located. A heat exchanger is at least partly provided on the first outer wall surface facing away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, wherein the heat exchanger has a grate structure, and at least two layers are provided which have a grate structure. Thus, it is possible to transfer heat in a precise and efficient manner primarily by means of thermal radiation in endothermic processes at different temperature levels, in particular pyrolysis, gassing, and reforming processes, and thereby use the exhaust heat for other processes. 1. A reaction device comprising:a first wall, which defines an interior, the interior configured to accommodate a stirring mechanism,wherein a heat exchanger is at least partly on a surface of the first wall that faces away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, the heat exchanger including at least two layers each of which has a grate structure.2. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has a double wall comprising:the first wall, anda second wall, so that an intermediate space, which accommodates the heat exchanger, is formed between the first wall and the second wall.3. The reaction device according to claim 2 , wherein the reaction device is a tube furnace.4. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the stirring mechanism is a screw conveyor.5. The reaction device according to claim 4 , wherein the screw conveyor comprises screw sections claim 4 , which have different pitches.6. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has at least two reaction zones with different temperatures.7. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the layers of the heat exchanger are connected to one another at contact points of the layers or contact surfaces of the layers.8. The reaction device according claim 1 , wherein the structure of a grate ...

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03-02-2022 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20220033724A1
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 138-. (canceled)393241. Combustion in marine or land based engines , combustion gas turbines , or fired heaters of a fuel derived from light tight oil () and crude oil () , either alone or with added high sulfur fuel oil () , comprising combination of treated and untreated streams having an initial boiling point being the lowest boiling point of any fraction within untreated streams combined in said fuel and highest boiling point being the highest boiling portion of deasphalted oil effluent from solvent separation of an unconverted oil which is subsequently treated by hydroconversion and forms a portion said fuel.4055-. (canceled)56. Combustion of a fuel in accordance with wherein said fuel comprises a portion or all of a light tight oil and streams of processed high sulfur fuel oil claim 39 , processed alone or with added crude oil claim 39 , comprising:(a) unstabilized wild straight run naphtha and distillation fraction at or below sulfur breakpoint cut without added treatment,(b) distillate hydrotreater effluent of distillate range distillation fraction above sulfur breakpoint cut comprising wild naphtha and at least a portion of ...

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19-01-2017 дата публикации

Integrated Coal To Liquids Process With Co2 Mitigation Using Algal Biomass

Номер: US20170015602A1
Принадлежит: ACCELERGY CORPORATION

An ICBTL system and method having a low GHG footprint for converting coal or coal and biomass to liquid fuels and a biofertilizer in which a carbon-based feed is converted to liquids by direct liquefaction and optionally by indirect liquefaction and the liquids are upgraded to produce premium fuels. COproduced by the process is used to a produce cyanobacteria containing algal biomass and other photosynthetic microorganisms in a photobioreactor. Optionally, lipids extracted from the some of the algal biomass is hydroprocessed to produce fuel components and biomass residues and the carbon-based feed our gasified to produce hydrogen and syngas for the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Some or all of the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms are used to produce a natural biofertilizer. COmay also be produced by a steam methane reformer for supplying COto produce the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms. 1. A method converting a coal containing solid carbonaceous material to liquid fuels and cyanobacteria based biofertilizer , comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'a. directly liquefying a coal containing solid carbonaceous material by subjecting said material to elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a solvent and a molybdenum containing catalyst for a time sufficient for producing hydrocarbon liquids and byproduct CO;'}b. upgrading hydrocarbon liquids produced by step a to liquid fuels and byproduct ammonia;{'sub': '2', 'c. producing hydrogen and byproduct COfrom a carbonaceous feed, and supplying at least a portion of said hydrogen as inputs to said direct liquefaction and said upgrading steps;'}{'sub': '2', 'd. reproducing a soil-based, nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria containing inoculant in a photobioreactor with the use of byproduct COproduced by one or both of said direct liquefaction and hydrogen producing steps and ammonia produced by said upgrading step; and'}e. producing a biofertilizer incorporating said inoculant.2 ...

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

CORROSION REDUCTION FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION THROUGH SEEDED SACRIFICIAL METAL

Номер: US20160017243A1
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Technologies are presented for reducing corrosion M supercritical water gasification through seeded sacrificial metal particles. The metal panicles may be seeded into one or more material input streams through high pressure injection. Once distributed in the SCWG reactor, the metal particles may corrode preferentially to the metal SCWG reactor walls and convert into metal oxides that precipitate out above the supercritical point of water. The precipitated metal oxides may then be collected downstream of the SCWG reactor to be reprocessed back into seed metal at a smelter. The seeded metal particles may complete a process material cycle with limited net additional waste.

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

COAXIAL GASIFIER FOR ENHANCED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Номер: US20160017244A1
Автор: CHEIKY MICHAEL
Принадлежит: V-GRID ENERGY SYSTEMS

Embodiments of the invention are directed toward a coaxial gasifier for enhanced hydrogen production, comprising: downdraft gasifier comprising a hot zone for converting biomass to synthesis gas; and a coaxial gas converter disposed within the downdraft gasifier, the coaxial gas converter comprising a biochar inlet valve, a coaxial char tube, and a biochar and ash outlet valve.

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOW RANK FUELS

Номер: US20160017801A1
Принадлежит:

In one aspect, a gasification system for use with low rank fuel is provided The system includes a pyrolysis unit positioned to receive a feed of low rank fuel, the pyrolysis unit being configured to pyrolyze the low rank fuel to produce pyrolysis gas and fixed carbon. The system also includes a gasifier configured to produce a syngas stream using the received fixed carbon, a cooler configured to receive and cool the syngas stream, and a first conduit coupled between the cooler and the pyrolysis unit. The first conduit is configured to recycle at least a portion of the syngas stream to the pyrolysis unit such that the recycled syngas stream is mixed with the pyrolysis gas to produce a hydrocarbon-rich syngas stream containing gasification by-products. The system also includes a by-product recovery system coupled to the pyrolysis unit for removing the gasification by-products from the hydrocarbon- rich syngas stream.

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

BURNER FOR A FURNACE, TILE FOR SAME, AND METHOD OF IMPROVING A FLAME PRODUCED BY A BURNER FURNACE

Номер: US20160018104A1
Автор: Martin Richard Ray
Принадлежит:

A burner and a tile for producing a flame in a furnace. The burner includes a pre-mixer with a venturi that mixes fuel with a first portion of combustion air. The mixture of the fuel and combustion air is passed through the tile. The tile also passes additional portions of combustion air there through. The tile includes flow channels for passing the gases so that it is the tip of the burner. The tile may include a wall to form a staged air tile. Also a process for improving a flame produced by such a burner.

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17-01-2019 дата публикации

THREE-STAGE ENERGY-INTEGRATED PRODUCT GAS GENERATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20190016961A1
Принадлежит: Thermochem Recovery International, Inc.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 11001102. A three-stage energy-integrated product gas generation system () configured to produce a product gas from a carbonaceous material () , the system comprising:{'b': 100', '101, 'claim-text': [{'b': 104', '101, 'a first reactor carbonaceous material input () to the first interior ();'}, {'b': 108', '101, 'a first reactor reactant input () to the first interior (), and'}, {'b': '124', 'a first reactor product gas output ();'}], '(a) a first reactor () having a first interior () and comprising{'b': 200', '201, 'claim-text': [{'b': 204', '201', '124, 'a second reactor char input () to the second interior (), in fluid communication with the first reactor product gas output ();'}, {'b': 220', '201, 'a second reactor oxygen-containing gas input () to the second interior ();'}, {'b': '224', 'a second reactor product gas output (); and'}, {'b': 201', '212', '216', '216', '108, 'a second reactor heat exchanger (HX-B) in thermal contact with the second interior (), the second reactor heat exchanger comprising a second reactor heat transfer medium inlet () and a second reactor heat transfer medium outlet (), the second reactor heat transfer medium outlet () being in fluid communication with the first reactor reactant input (); and'}], '(b) a second reactor () having a second interior () and comprising{'b': 300', '301, 'claim-text': [{'b': 303', '304', '305', '301', '124', '224, 'one or more ...

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17-04-2014 дата публикации

Gasification of bio-oil and alkali containing energy rich aqueous solutions from pulp mills

Номер: US20140102002A1
Принадлежит: CHEMREC AB

Process for gasification of an alkali containing energy rich aqueous solution ( 120 ) from a pulp mill in an entrained flow gasification reactor ( 2 ), the process comprising the steps of d) Supplying said alkali containing energy rich aqueous solution ( 120 ) to said gasification reactor ( 2 ), e) Gasifying said alkali containing energy rich aqueous solution ( 120 ) in the reactor ( 2 ) by using an oxidizing medium at sub-stoichiometric conditions and at a temperature below 1400 C in an outlet of said reactor ( 2 ); and, f) Producing a phase of a liquid material and a phase of a gaseous material in said reactor ( 2 ). wherein in step (a) supplying a bio-oil ( 110 ) to said gasification reactor ( 2 ), in step (b) simultaneously gasifying said alkali containing energy rich aqueous solution ( 120 ) and said bio-oil ( 110 ) in the reactor ( 2 ).

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS

Номер: US20200017422A1
Принадлежит:

Aspects of the invention relate to improvements in the flexibility with which oxygen and hydrogen, for example from electrolysis, may be supplied to processes having both gasification and methanation steps, as well as improvements in how such processes may be operated in response to variations in carbonaceous feeds. Offsets, between the ideal quantity of hydrogen and the quantity available from a given source may be compensated for by adjusting one or more operations of the process, and in particular such operation(s) that ultimately impact the quantity of CO and/or COavailable downstream of the gasifier for conversion to methane in an RNG product stream. 1. A process for producing methane , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'in a gasifier, contacting a carbonaceous feed with an oxygen-containing gasifier feed to provide a gasifier effluent comprising CO, COand H;'}{'sub': '2', 'in a methanation reactor, reacting electrolysis hydrogen, obtained from an electrolyzer, with at least a portion of the CO and/or COin the gasifier effluent to form methane,'}{'sub': '2', 'adjusting an operation of the process, affecting a methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or a methanation reactor inlet COconcentration, in response to a makeup quantity of the electrolysis hydrogen.'}2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a methane product as claim 1 , or recovering the methane product from claim 1 , a methanation reactor effluent.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the operation of the process claim 1 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 1 , (i) consumes or produces CO or COin the process claim 1 , or (ii) adds or removes CO or COin the process.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the operation of the process claim 3 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 3 , is a sour shift operation that consumes CO and ...

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21-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210017458A1
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or CS to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 129-. (canceled)30. A fuel derived from combining(a) light oil and (1) said unconverted oils passed to solvent separation to remove insoluble remaining metals and asphaltenes to form soluble deasphalted oil, and', (i) an actual sulfur content of 0.5 wt. % or less, and', '(ii) initial boiling point being that of lowest boiling component of light tight oil or lighter materials from said hydroconversion so combined and', '(iii) highest boiling point being that of highest boiling component of said treated soluble deasphalted oil derived from high sulfur fuel oil or other residuals so combined., '(2) said soluble deasphalted oil subsequent treated either by additional hydrotreating or additional hydroconversion to form said treated soluble deasphalted oil, said fuel having'}], '(b) hydroconversion reaction effluent comprising treated soluble deasphalted oil and lighter materials derived from hydroconversion of high sulfur fuel oil, or other residuals processed by residue hydroconversion to form said effluent comprising treated liquids and unconverted oils,'}3150-. (canceled)51. A fuel characterized by comprising:(a) all or a portion of a ...

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21-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210017459A1
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 1. A process for conversion of hydrocarbonaeous feeds comprising sulfur and metals to form a fuel characterized in that feed comprises light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil , said process comprising{'b': 41', '401, 'claim-text': [{'b': 411', '420, '(1) reactor zone effluent which is separated into hydroconverted liquids () and purge gases () comprising hydrogen and sulfur,'}, {'b': 409', '301', '311', '401', '351', '501, '(2) unconverted oils () which are directed to solvent separation () to form (A) soluble deasphalted oil () which is recycled as feed to said hydroconversion zone (), either separately or combined with added high sulfur fuel oil feed to said reactor and (B) insoluble pitch () which is directed to pitch treatment (), and'}], '(a) feeding one or more high sulfur fuel oils () to a residue hydroconversion zone () and contacting such oil with hydrogen in presence of catalyst at residue hydroconversion conditions in an ebullated-bed reactor to form'}{'b': 1', '411', '600, '(b) combining all or one or more portions of a light tight oil () with said hydroconverted liquids () to form a fuel ().'}2. A process in accordance ...

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21-01-2021 дата публикации

Fuel compositions from light tight oils and high sulfur fuel oils

Номер: US20210017460A1
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydro-carbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

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21-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210017461A1
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 144-. (canceled)45. A formulated combination useful as a fuel characterized in that it is formed by combining a range of hydrocarbons of (L)+(M)+(H) and the resulting combination is from 30% to 70% by volume of (M) range constituents and the remainder is equal parts of (L) and (H) at (L)/(H) in ratio of 0.9/1 to 1/0.9 , for 100 volume percent total , and final combination density is within 820 to 880 Kg/M3 at 15° C. , total sulfur is 0.25 wt. % or less and metals are 40 ppmwt or less(a) wherein (L) comprises components of naphtha and kerosene range materials, which are refined or partially refined, unrefined or extracted and used without being subject to any fractionation, hydrotreating or other treatment process, except optional separation of light gases or water, having an initial boiling point of 38° C. (100° F.) or less having a ninety percent (90%) plus final boiling point of 190° C. (374° F.) to about 205° C. (401° F.), where (L) range components contribute to (L) range bulk density and to final combination density even though individual constituents of (L) may fall outside said combination density range(b) wherein (M) ...

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE ENERGY-INTEGRATED PRODUCT GAS GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20200017782A1
Принадлежит: Thermochem Recovery International, Inc.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 144.-. (canceled)45. A method for converting a carbonaceous material into at least one liquid fuel , the method comprising:(a) combining a carbonaceous material and carbon dioxide in a feedstock delivery system;(b) introducing the combined carbonaceous material and carbon dioxide into a first reactor containing a first particulate heat transfer material;(c) introducing steam into the first reactor;(d) reacting the carbonaceous material with steam and carbon dioxide in an endothermic thermochemical reaction to generate a first reactor product gas containing char;(e) introducing a portion of the char into a second reactor containing a second particulate heat transfer material;(f) introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the second reactor;(g) reacting the char with the oxygen-containing gas in the second reactor, in an exothermic thermochemical reaction to generate a second reactor product gas;(h) transferring heat, via a second reactor heat exchanger, from the exothermic thermochemical reaction to a first heat transfer medium in thermal contact with the second reactor, the heat transfer medium comprising steam;(i) introducing at least a portion of the heated first heat transfer medium into the first reactor for use as the source of steam in (c);(j) compressing the first and/or second reactor product gas to thereby form a compressed product gas;(k) removing carbon dioxide from the compressed ...

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

Method and system for controlling soot make in synthesis gas production

Номер: US20200017783A1
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

The present application provides a method for controlling soot make in a process for the gasification of a liquid carbonaceous feedstock. The gasification process comprises: partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock in a gasifier to produce syngas; guiding the syngas from an outlet of the gasifier to a quench section; cooling the syngas in the quench section to provide cooled syngas; providing the cooled syngas to a soot removal unit; using the soot removal unit to remove solids from the cooled syngas, the soot removal unit providing a cleaned syngas stream and a waste slurry stream comprising the solids removed from the syngas; continuously monitoring a concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) in the waste slurry stream; providing the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) to a control system. The control system continuously optimizes the gasification process to changes in concentration of total suspended solids, carbon-to-ash ratio, and optional additional parameters.

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

System for generating power from a syngas fermentation process

Номер: US20200017784A1
Принадлежит: Jupeng Bio Inc

A system and process is provided for generating power from a syngas fermentation process. The process includes contacting hot syngas having a temperature above about 1400° F. with cooled syngas to produce a pre-cooled syngas having a temperature of 1400° F. or less at an inlet of a waste heat boiler. A waste heat boiler receives the pre-cooled syngas and is effective for producing waste heat boiler high pressure steam and a cooled syngas.

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19-01-2017 дата публикации

COMPACT GASIFIER-GENSET ARCHITECTURE

Номер: US20170018996A1
Принадлежит: All Power Labs, Inc.

A compact biomass gasification-based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, including an enclosure that encases: a gasifier including a pyrolysis module coaxially arranged above a reactor module, a generator including an engine and an alternator, and a hopper. The generator system additionally includes a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module, a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module, and a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module. The system can additionally include a central wiring conduit electrically connected to the pyrolysis module, reactor module, and engine, and a control panel connected to the conduit that enables single-side operation. 1. A gasification based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power , comprising:an open-air hopper;an airlock connected to an outlet of the hopper;a drying module connected to the airlock, the airlock configured to form a substantially fluid impermeable seal with the drying module;a gasifier comprising: a pyrolysis module and a reactor module, the pyrolysis module connected to the drying module and to the reactor module;an engine; and a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module;', 'a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module; and', 'a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module., 'a heat exchange module comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein ...

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

Sour Pressure Swing Adsorption Process

Номер: US20170021301A1
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

Methods and apparatuses for separating CO 2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

Method for Producing Hydrogen and/or Other Gases from Steel Plant Wastes and Waste Heat

Номер: US20160023896A1
Принадлежит:

A method for producing hydrogen and/or other gases from steel plant wastes and waste heat is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing molten waste from steel plant like molten slag in a reactor. The molten slag is contacted with water and/or steam in the presence of a reducing agent to form a stream of hydrogen and/or other gases. The hydrogen and/or other gases can then be extracted from the stream of gases from the reactor. 1. A method for producing hydrogen and/or other gases from steel plant wastes and waste heat , comprising the steps of:providing molten slag that is a waste product from a steelmaking process in a reactor that is separate from the steelmaking process;contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam in the presence of a reducing agent to form a stream of gases including hydrogen gas; andseparating hydrogen gas from said stream,wherein a flux is added to the molten slag and reducing agent for promoting the formation of hydrogen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten slag comprises blast furnace slag claim 1 , desulphurization slag of steelmaking claim 1 , converter slag of steelmaking claim 1 , ferrochrome or ferromanganese slag in submerged arc furnace (SAF) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam comprises spraying water into the molten slag using a water line with a spray nozzle.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the molten slag when contacted with water and/or steam is greater than 1250° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam comprises injecting steam into the molten slag using a lance.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the molten slag with water and/or steam comprises injecting the reducing agent along with the water and/or steam into the molten slag.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said stream of gases includes carbon monoxide gas claim 1 , and further comprising ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

Production Of Acrylic Acid and Ethanol From Carbonaceous Materials

Номер: US20160023981A1
Принадлежит:

A process for producing acrylic acid from carbonaceous materials such as biomass. The carbonaceous material, such as biomass, is gasified to produce synthesis gas. The synthesis gas then is subjected to a plurality of reactions to produce acrylic acid. 13-. (canceled)4. A process for producing acrylic acid and ethanol from biomass comprising:(a) contacting said biomass with an oxidizing gas comprising oxygen and steam at a temperature of at least 550° C. and no greater than 800° C., thereby oxidizing said biomass;(b) treating at least a portion of said oxidized biomass produced in step (a) with an oxidizing gas comprising oxygen and steam to heat said oxidized biomass to a temperature which is at least 800° C. and does not exceed a maximum of 850° C.;(c) treating at least a portion of said oxidized biomass produced in step (b) with an oxidizing gas comprising oxygen and steam to heat said oxidized biomass to a temperature from about 800° C. to about 1500° C., thereby producing a crude synthesis gas;(d) purifying the crude synthesis gas to provide a purified synthesis gas;(e) reacting at least a portion of the carbon monoxide from said purified synthesis gas with hydrogen from said purified synthesis gas to provide methanol;(f) reacting said methanol in the presence of a dehydration catalyst to produce dimethyl ether;(g) reacting said dimethyl ether to provide a product comprising propylene and ethylene;(h) reacting said ethylene to produce ethanol; and(i) subjecting said propylene to one or more reaction steps to produce acrylic acid.5. The process of wherein claim 4 , in step (c) claim 4 , said biomass is heated to a temperature of from about 800° C. to about 1 claim 4 ,200° C.6. The process of wherein claim 5 , in step (c) claim 5 , said biomass is heated to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1 claim 5 ,100° C.7. The process of wherein claim 6 , in step (c) claim 6 , said biomass is heated to a temperature of from about 925° C. to about 1 claim 6 ,000° C ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN INDIRECT RADIATION DRIVEN GASIFIER REACTOR AND RECEIVER CONFIGURATION

Номер: US20160024403A1
Принадлежит:

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds. 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus , comprising:a thermal receiver having inner walls that form a cavity space inside the thermal receiver;a chemical reactor that has one or more reactor tubes located inside the cavity space of the thermal receiver, where in the one or more reactor tubes a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat is configured to occur, wherein the chemical reaction includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat;a source of inert particles that are inert to the chemical reaction that includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat, where the source of inert particles couples to the one or more feed lines to add the inert particles to the chemical reactor;one or more feed lines coupled to the chemical reactor to add the inert particles for radiation absorption and re- ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

PRESSURIZED PLASMA ENHANCED REACTOR

Номер: US20160024404A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention is a vitrification and gasification system that operates at elevated pressures. The system includes a processing chamber having numerous penetrations, and seals for effectively sealing the penetrations to the processing chamber. 1. A method for converting organic compounds to useful gas products , the method comprising: at least one port; and', 'at least one electrode penetrating into the processing chamber through the at least one port;, 'introducing organic material and oxygen into a processing chamber of a gas product manufacturing system, the processing chamber includingmaintaining the processing chamber at a pressure of at least 2 atmospheres;preventing gas from diffusing through the at least one electrode with a sealing material diffused in the at least one electrode to create a gas tight seal in the at least one electrode;providing electrical energy to said electrode to induce reactions between the organic material and the oxygen to form synthesis gas.2. The method of wherein the at least one electrode is provided as a graphite electrode.3. The method of wherein the processing chamber is provided in communication with a separate gasification system.4. The method of wherein the gas product manufacturing system includes a product gas port in fluid communication with the processing chamber claim 1 , andthe method further includes removing the synthesis gas from the processing chamber through the product gas port.5. The method of wherein removing the synthesis gas from the processing chamber through the product gas port includes directing the product gas into a thermal residence chamber in fluid communication with the product gas port.6. The method of wherein the gas product manufacturing system includes material port in communication with the processing chamber; andthe method further includes introducing organic material into the processing chamber through the material port.7. The method of wherein the gas product manufacturing system ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS

Номер: US20160024405A1
Автор: KYLE RONALD
Принадлежит:

A method of converting carbon containing compounds such as coal, methane or other hydrocarbons into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a high pressure, high temperature reactor which operates upon a blend of a carbon compound including COand a carbon source, a catalyst, and steam. Microwave power is directed into the reactor. The catalyst, preferably magnetite, will act as a heating media for the microwave power and the temperature of the reactor will rise to a level to efficiently convert the carbon and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for simultaneously consuming carbon dioxide and generating petroleum products , the method comprising:(a) introducing particles of a catalytic material, absorbent of microwave energy, into a higher-temperature portion of a reaction vessel;(b) introducing coal particles into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(c) introducing steam into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(d) introducing carbon dioxide into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(e) irradiating the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel with microwave energy absorbed by the catalytic material in the reactor so as to heat the catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the coal and the steam, catalyzed by the catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein (i) at least a portion of the hydrogen reacts with the carbon dioxide to produce water and carbon monoxide and (ii) at least a portion of the hydrogen undergoes exothermic reactions with the carbon monoxide, catalyzed by the catalytic material, to produce multiple petroleum products;(f) cooling a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, thereby establishing a temperature gradient within the reaction vessel wherein the irradiated higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel exhibits a higher temperature than the cooled lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, ...

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION

Номер: US20170022434A1
Автор: Mason James
Принадлежит:

A downdraft gasifier for producing a gaseous fuel to be used in an engine from a carbonaceous material with a pyrolysis module, a reactor module, and a heat exchanger system that cooperate to produce the gaseous fuel from the carbonaceous material and to extract particulates from the gaseous fuel from the reactor. The heat exchange system includes a first heat exchanger coupled to the dryer module that heats the carbonaceous material with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to dry the carbonaceous material; a second heat exchanger coupled to the pyrolysis module that heats the dried carbonaceous material with the exhaust from the engine to pyrolyze the dried carbonaceous material into tar gas and charcoal; and a third heat exchanger coupled to the reactor module that heats air used to combust the tar gas with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to preheat the air. 1. A downdraft gasifier system for producing a gaseous fuel from a carbonaceous material , the downdraft gasifier system comprising:a dryer module;a pyrolysis module;a reactor module defining a combustion zone and a reduction zone, the reactor module comprising an air path fluidly connecting an oxygen source to the combustion zone of a reactor module interior, and a gaseous fuel outlet fluidly connected to the reduction zone;an engine comprising an engine inlet and an exhaust outlet; and a first heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly separated from the dryer module, the first heat exchanger fluidly coupled between the gaseous fuel outlet and the engine inlet;', 'a second heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly isolated from the pyrolysis module, fluidly coupled to the engine exhaust; and', 'a third heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly separated from the air path, the third heat exchanger fluidly coupled between the gaseous fuel outlet and the first heat exchanger., 'a heat exchanger system comprising2. The downdraft gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

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17-04-2014 дата публикации

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Номер: US20140107234A1
Принадлежит: Fulcrum Bioenergy Inc

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification System and Process for Conversion of Biomass Feedstocks

Номер: US20180023003A1
Принадлежит: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy. 119-. (canceled)20. A continuous biomass conversion process , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;without the aid of gravitational separation, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein prior to continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction claim 20 , further comprising removing solids from the biomass conversion product.22. The process of claim 20 , further comprising combusting the product gas to generate power.23. The process of claim 20 , wherein the product gas comprises one or more of methane claim 20 , hydrocarbons with a carbon number greater than that of methane claim 20 , and carbon dioxide claim 20 , wherein the product gas optionally comprises less than 5% hydrogen by weight.24. A continuous biomass conversion process claim 20 , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;using centrifugal force, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.25. The process of claim 24 , wherein the separation is ...

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE PLASMA PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WASTE INTO FUEL GAS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

Номер: US20180023011A1
Принадлежит:

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives. 1. A two-stage plasma process for converting waste having organic and inorganic components into fuel gas , which comprises:(a) in the first stage, vitrifying or melting the inorganic components of the waste and partially gasifying the organic components; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) in the second stage, completing the gasification of the organic components so that gas from the first stage of the process entering the secondary gasifier is exposed to a high temperature such as to transform essentially all soot present in the gas to CO and to convert essentially all complex organic molecules to simpler molecules CO, COand H, wherein a dust separation and removal step is provided between the first ...

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10-02-2022 дата публикации

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AROMATICS FROM A BIOMASS PYROLYSIS GAS

Номер: US20220041943A1
Принадлежит:

A device and process for the conversion of aromatic compounds, includes/uses: a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating a cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate; an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to a fractionation train; a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing a pyrolysis effluent feeding, at least partially, the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas comprising CO and H; a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating, at least in part, the pyrolysis gas, producing a synthesis effluent sent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit. 1. Device for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds , comprising:a fractionation train suitable for extracting at least one cut comprising benzene, one cut comprising toluene and one cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene from the feedstock;a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating the cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene;an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to the fractionation train;{'sub': '2', 'a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing at least one pyrolysis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 6 to 10 carbon atoms feeding at least partially the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas, comprising at least CO and H;'}a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas at least in part, producing a synthesis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and sending the synthesis effluent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit.2. Conversion device according to claim 1 , in which the pyrolysis gas ...

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24-01-2019 дата публикации

A COMBINED SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING FUEL AND THERMAL ENERGY AND A METHOD FOR PODUCTION OF FUEL AND THERMAL ENERGY

Номер: US20190024002A1
Автор: BAK Tadeusz
Принадлежит:

A combined system for producing fuel and thermal energy, comprising: an electrolyser () for producing oxygen and hydrogen in the process of water electrolysis; a gasifier () for producing synthesis gas in a process of gasification of carbon-based fuel in the presence of a gasifying agent; a methane synthesis reactor () for producing methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide from the gasifier () and hydrogen from a water electrolyser (); a reactor () with a catalytic packing for producing carbon dioxide in a process of combustion of synthesis gas from the gasifier () and/or methane; wherein the electrolyser () comprises a heat exchange system connected with a heat exchanger (). 1. A combined system for producing fuel and thermal energy , the system comprising:an a water electrolyser for producing oxygen and hydrogen in a process of water electrolysis;a gasifier for producing a synthesis gas in a process of a gasification of carbon-based fuel in a presence of a gasifying agent;a methane synthesis reactor for producing methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide produced by the gasifier and hydrogen produced by the water electrolyser;a reactor with a catalytic packing for producing carbon dioxide in a process of a combustion of the synthesis gas produced b the gasifier and/or methane;wherein the electrolyser comprises a heat exchange system connected with a heat exchanger.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide storage tank for carbon dioxide emitted in the process of combustion in the reactor with the catalytic packing.3130. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the methane synthesis reactor () is further configured to produce methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide from the gasifier claim 1 , carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide tank and hydrogen from the water electrolyser;4. The system according to claim 2 , further comprising an additional methane synthesis reactor for producing methane in a process of ...

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29-01-2015 дата публикации

WASTE HEAT RECOVERY APPARATUS AND WASTE HEAT RECOVERY METHOD

Номер: US20150027053A1
Принадлежит:

Provided is a waste heat recovery apparatus including a first heat exchanger, a reformer and a reformer feed pre-heater sequentially disposed on or in the waste gas exhaust pipe from the upstream to the downstream thereof, wherein the waste gas temperature at the upstream of the waste gas exhaust pipe is higher than that at the downstream. In an embodiment, the reformer can be a hydrogen-generation reformer, and the generated hydrogen is introduced into the burning equipment for use. In such manner, the waste heat can be effectively utilized, and the carbon deposition issue inside the burning equipment can be fixed. A waste heat recovery method is also provided. 1. A waste heat recovery apparatus , comprising:a first heat exchanger, a reformer and a reformer feed pre-heater sequentially disposed from an upstream to a downstream of a waste gas exhaust pipe, wherein a waste gas temperature at the upstream of the waste gas exhaust pipe is higher than a waste gas temperature at the downstream,wherein an end of the reformer feed pre-heater is connected to a feeder for a reformer feed, and another end of the reformer feed pre-heater is connected to the reformer, andwherein the reformer is installed with a temperature controller to control a temperature inside the reformer.2. The waste heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the waste gas temperature at the upstream of the waste gas exhaust pipe is about 200° C. to 400° C. claim 1 , and the waste gas temperature at the downstream of the waste gas exhaust pipe is about 100° C. to less than 200° C.3. The waste heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature inside the reformer is controlled at about 200° C. to 350° C.4. The waste heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reformer comprises a catalyst bed and a heat balance pipe.5. The waste heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reformer feed pre-heater is integrated in the reformer.6. The waste heat recovery apparatus of claim 1 , wherein ...

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23-01-2020 дата публикации

GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20200024531A1
Принадлежит:

A gasification system and a method for gasifying a particulate carbonaceous fuel are disclosed. The gasification system has a gasification chamber with an upper section and a lower section with a fuel inlet for injecting a particulate carbonaceous fuel and oxidant into the upper section whereby, in a thermo-chemical reaction, synthesis gas and residual char is generated. The gasification system further includes a separator configured to receive the synthesis gas and to separate residual tar form the synthesis gas. Further, there is a char bed disposed in the lower section formed by residual char generated in the thermo-chemical reaction and a gas-inlet at a bottom portion of the lower section for injecting gas into the char bed. The residual tar is injected into the char bed whereby, in a thermal cracking process, the residual tar is converted into synthesis gas. Hereby, it is possible to utilize the otherwise lost energy contained in the residual tar, and thereby achieve better efficiency in a gasification system, in a cost-effective and simple manner. 1. A gasification system comprising:a gasification chamber having an upper section and a lower section;at least one fuel-inlet for injecting carbonaceous fuel and oxidant into said upper section whereby, in a thermo-chemical reaction, synthesis gas and residual char is generated;a separator in fluid connection with the upper section via an outlet, said separator being configured to receive said synthesis gas and to separate residual tar from said synthesis gas;a char bed disposed in said lower section, said char bed being formed by residual char generated in said thermo-chemical reaction and allowed to travel downwards within said gasification chamber to the char bed;at least one gas-inlet at a bottom portion of said lower section for injecting gas into said char bed; andat least one tar inlet arranged to inject said residual tar from said separator into said char bed whereby, in a cracking process, said residual tar ...

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

Chlorination of processing residues as a variable load for grid scale electrical load following and storage

Номер: US20170025695A1
Автор: Langley Justin
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are systems and methods having inherent carbon capture and conversion capabilities offering maximum flexibility, efficiency, and economics while simultaneously enabling environmentally and sustainably sound practices. A hybrid thermochemical cycle couples staged reforming with hydrogen production and residue chlorination. The residues of the upgrading are chlorinated, metals of interest are removed and bulk material is re-mineralized. Through the residue chlorination process, various metals including rare earths are concentrated and extracted. Energy is retained through chemical synthesis such as hydrocarbon and metal and non-metal chloride production. Produced chemicals are later exploited by redox reactions in the operation of an integrated gasification flow battery. 1. A method for the integration of carbochlorination into a staged reforming operation , the method comprising:delivering a carbonaceous feedstock to at least one thermal decomposition stage wherein the feedstock is volatized through at least one thermochemical decomposition process yielding a carbon gas stream and a produced ash;chlorinating the produced ash in a carbochlorination process to produce a chloride gas stream comprising metal chlorides, non-metal chlorides, and oxychlorides and a multi-phase residue comprising a molten or semi-molten salt, metal, or metal compound; andhydrolyzing at least some portion of the chloride gas stream within a molten salt hydrolyzer to produce a byproduct stream and recycling chlorine for use in the aforementioned carbochlorination process.2. A method for the integration of carbochlorination into a staged reforming operation , the method comprising:converting a carbonaceous feedstock to a carbon gas stream and a produced ash;chlorinating the produced ash to produce a chloride gas stream;hydrolyzing at least some portion of the chloride gas stream with a basic pH reactant to produce a water gas;reacting a hydrogen or hydrocarbon gas with the carbon gas ...

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29-01-2015 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE PLASMA PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WASTE INTO FUEL GAS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

Номер: US20150028258A1
Принадлежит: PYROGENESIS CANADA INC.

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives. 1. A two-stage plasma process for converting waste having organic and inorganic components into fuel gas , which comprises:(a) in the first stage, vitrifying or melting the inorganic components of the waste and partially gasifying the organic components; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) in the second stage, completing the gasification of the organic components so that gas from the first stage of the process entering the secondary gasifier is exposed to a high temperature such as to transform essentially all soot present in the gas to CO and to convert essentially all complex organic molecules to simpler molecules CO, COand H, wherein a dust separation and removal step is provided between the first ...

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28-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210024838A1
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for conversion of one or more hydrocarbonaeous feeds comprising sulfur and metals characterized in that said conversion is directed to a single liquid fuel product , said process comprising{'b': 2', '3', '100', '200, 'claim-text': [{'b': '6', '(i) light overhead still gases (),'}, {'b': '16', '(ii) liquid fractions at or below sulfur breakpoint (), and'}, [{'b': 24', '26', '28', '32, '(A) distillate range fractions comprising sulfur (,,, )'}, {'b': 36', '38, '(B) vacuum gas oil range fractions comprising sulfur (, ) and'}, {'b': '50', '(C) vacuum residue comprising sulfur (), and associated purge gases comprising sulfur'}], '(iii) fractions above sulfur breakpoint comprising'}], '(a) separating said feed (, ) by atmospheric () and vacuum distillation (), into'}{'b': 10', '600, '(b) directing the liquid fractions at or below the sulfur breakpoint (), as untreated liquids, to a combination zone ()'}{'b': 16', '20', '430', '16', '39', '460, 'claim-text': [{'b': 65', '75', '600, '(1) one or more treated liquids (, ) which are directed to a combination zone (), and'}, {'b': '428', '(2) purge gases comprising ...

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