СПОСОБ, СИСТЕМА И РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ГОРОДСКИХ И БЫТОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ

1. Система для переработки и утилизации бытовых и коммунальных отходов, включающая следующие блоки, соединенные в производственные линии: блок подготовки и подачи отходов, пиролизный реактор, блок очистки сингаза и блок выработки энергии, при этом ! блок подготовки и подачи отходов включает линию сортировки отходов, подлежащих переработке и извлечению элементов, не подлежащих пиролизу, дробилку смешанных отходов для измельчения отсортированных отходов и получения измельченных отходов определенного размера, пригодного для переработки и утилизации, причем дробилка смешанных отходов присоединена к линии сортировки отходов, сушку для осушения измельченных отходов, состыкованную с дробилкой смешанных отходов, накопитель сухих отходов с загрузочным устройством и разгрузочным устройством, при этом загрузочное устройство соединено с сушкой, а разгрузочное устройство соединено с пиролизным реактором с возможностью разделения преобразованных отходов на поток сингаза и твердый продукт пиролиза, ! блок очистки сингаза включает блок сухой очистки, содержащий пылеуловитель, соединенный с пиролизным реактором для очистки поступающего из пиролизного реактора газа, выработанного в результате пиролиза, охладитель газа для снижения температуры газа, блок мокрой очистки, соединенный с охладителем газа и включающий первый фильтр мокрой очистки сингаза, соединенный с охладителем газа и предназначенный для очистки сингаза потоком воды, и второй фильтр мокрой очистки сингаза, соединенный с первым фильтром мокрой очистки сингаза и предназначенный для очистки сингаза потоком щелочного раствора, и абсорбер, соедине� РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2011 109 454 (13) A (51) МПК B09B 3/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (71) Заявитель(и): ГРИНЛАЙТ ЭНЕРДЖИ СОЛУШНЗ, ЛЛК (US) (21)(22) Заявка: 2011109454/13, 19.05.2009 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 01.10.2008 RU 2008139002 (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2010/039165 (08.04.2010 ...

Energy conversion process for sequestration of carbon dioxide

An energy conversion process that also exports by-product CO2 at elevated pressure where a fuel gas feed stream is mixed with a reactant stream and additional CO2 is added to at least part of, the fuel gas feed stream, the reactant stream or both through desorption by contacting with a CO2-rich solvent stream in a first stage contactor to produce a mixed feed gas stream and a CO2-lean solvent stream; passing said mixed feed gas stream to a chemical conversion step, where further CO2 is produced; chilling at least part of the products of said chemical conversion step, at a pressure of at least 10 bar to condense and partially remove CO2 as a liquid and thereby produce a CO2-lean gas stream; and passing at least part of said CO2-lean gas stream said to a second stage contactor where further CO2 is removed, by absorption in a solvent stream lean in CO2 derived from said CO2-lean solvent stream, to produce a product gas stream and a solvent stream rich in CO2 from which said CO2-rich solvent ...

Steam / energy self sufficient recovery of heavy hydrocarbons

A method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation involves (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilized hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) coking said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce decoked hydrocarbon and coke; and (iv) combusting said coke to generate steam and/or energy and CO2; and wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of steam and/or energy. The method may also be partially self-sufficient in terms of hydrogen.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomas.

Processing biomas.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomas.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Gasification cooling system having seal

A system, in certain embodiments, includes a gasification cooling system having an annular seal with a bellows. For example, the gasification cooling system may include a housing with an inlet, an outlet, and an interior between the inlet and the outlet wherein the interior has a throat adjacent the inlet, and the throat expands in a flow direction from the inlet toward the outlet. The annular seal may be disposed in the throat of the hosing wherein the annular seal includes the bellows.

SYNTHETIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS PRODUCTION WITH IN-SITU CO2 CAPTURE

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in- situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydro genation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

INTEGRATION OF REFORMING/WATER SPLITTING AND ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS FOR POWER GENERATION WITH INTEGRATED CARBON CAPTURE

High efficiency electricity generation processes and systems with substantially zero CO2 emissions are provided. A closed looping between the unit that generates gaseous fuel (H2, CO, etc) and the fuel cell anode side is formed. In certain embodiments, the heat and exhaust oxygen containing gas from the fuel cell cathode side are also utilized for the gaseous fuel generation. The systems for converting fuel may comprise reactors configured to conduct oxidation- reduction reactions. The resulting power generation efficiencies are improved due to the minimized steam consumption for the gaseous fuel production.in the fuel cell anode loop as well as the strategic mass and energy integration schemes.

CHEMICAL LOOPING SYNGAS PRODUCTION FROM CARBONACEOUS FUELS

A reactor configuration is proposed for selectively converting gaseous, liquid or solid fuels to a syngas specification which is flexible in terms of H2/CO ratio. This reactor and system configuration can be used with a specific oxygen carrier to hydrocarbon fuel molar ratio, a specific range of operating temperatures and pressures, and a co-current downward moving bed system. The concept of a CO2 stream injected in-conj unction with the specified operating parameters for a moving bed reducer is claimed, wherein the injection location in the reactor system is flexible for both steam and CO2 such that, carbon efficiency of the system is maximized.

CO2 SEPARATION AND RECOVERY EQUIPMENT, AND A COAL GASIFICATION COMBINED POWER PLANT COMPRISING CO2 SEPARATION AND RECOVERY EQUIPMENT

Provided are CO2 separation and recovery equipment that yields a higher CO2 recovery rate, and a coal gasification combined power plant including the CO2 separation and recovery equipment with high plant efficiency. The CO2 separation and recovery equipment of the invention, having a CO shift reactor in which a gas containing main components of CO and H2O is introduced and converted into CO2 and H2, includes: an inlet valve that is provided on the inlet side of the CO shift reactor; an outlet valve that is provided on the outlet side of the CO shift reactor; a steam control valve for applying high-temperature steam to a foregoing part of the inlet valve; and a gas composition analyzer that senses a gas composition of a stream flowing into the CO shift reactor. The steam control valve is controlled by the difference in the molar amount of CO and H2O that is calculated from the analysis results of the gas composition analyzer, and the inlet valve and the outlet valve of the CO shift reactor ...

CO2 SEPARATION AND RECOVERY EQUIPMENT, AND A COAL GASIFICATION COMBINED POWER PLANT COMPRISING CO2 SEPARATION AND RECOVERY EQUIPMENT

The present invention addresses the problem of providing CO2 separation and recovery equipment that yields a higher CO2 recovery rate, and a coal gasification combined power plant comprising the CO2 separation and recovery equipment with high plant efficiency. The CO2 separation and recovery equipment according to the present invention, having a CO shift reactor into which a gas containing main components of CO and H2O is introduced and converted into CO2 and H2, comprises: an inlet valve that is provided on the inlet side of the CO shift reactor; an outlet valve that is provided on the outlet side of the CO shift reactor; a steam relief valve for applying high temperature steam to a foregoing part of the inlet valve; and a gas composition analyzer that senses a gas composition of a stream flowing into the CO shift reactor. The steam relief valve is controlled by the difference in the molar amount of CO and H2O that is calculated from the analysis results of the gas composition analyzer ...

A METHOD AND A SYSTEM OF RECOVERING AND PROCESSING A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE FROM A SUBTERRANEAN FORMATION

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) coking said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce decoked hydrocarbon and coke; (iv) combusting said coke to generate steam and/or energy and CO2; (v) upgrading said decoked hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (v) adding a diluent to the decoked hydrocarbon prior to upgrading and/or adding a diluent to the upgraded hydrocarbon; wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of steam and/or energy and diluent.

A SYSTEM AND A METHOD OF RECOVERING AND PROCESSING A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE FROM A SUBTERRANEAN FORMATION

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes; (iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO2; (v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon, wherein said method is at least partially self- sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent.

THERMAL SENSING SYSTEM

A temperature measurement system for a gasifier may employ a first stage gasifier with a refractory wall that defines a first stage gasifier volume. A protruding refractory brick may protrude from the first stage refractory wall and into a gaseous flow path of the first stage gasifier volume. The temperature sensor may reside completely through the refractory wall, which may be a plurality of brick layers, except for a tip end of a temperature sensor that may reside in a blind or non-through hole within the protruding refractory brick. The protruding refractory brick protrudes beyond a normal wall surface of the plurality of brick layers that defines the first stage gasifier volume. The protruding refractory brick may have a face that forms an angle that is not 90 degrees, such as 45 degrees, relative to the gaseous flow path of the fluid stream through the first stage gasifier volume.

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

Углеродсодержащие материалы, такие как биомасса (например, растительная биомасса, животная биомасса и биомасса бытовых отходов) или уголь перерабатываются для выработки полезных продуктов, таких как топливо, карбоновые кислоты и их эквиваленты (например, сложные эфиры и соли). Например, описаны системы, которые могут использовать сырьевые материалы, такие как целлюлозные и/или лигноцеллюлозные материалы и/или крахмалистые материалы для выработки этанола, бутанола или органических кислот (например, уксусной или молочной кислот), солей органических кислот и их смесей. При желании органические кислоты могут быть преобразованы в спирты, например, первоначальным преобразованием кислоты, соли или смеси кислот и их солей в эфир, с дальнейшей гидрогенезацией образованного эфира. Для выработки желаемого продукта могут быть использованы ацетогены или гомоацетогены, которые способны использовать сингаз из термохимического преобразования угля или биомассы.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IN FORMS ELECTRICITY, HEAT AND GASEOUS HYDROGEN

System and method for transportable energy storage and carbon capture

There is provided a system for energy storage and CO2 capture. The system comprises CaO/CaCO3, a carbonator (1) adapted to react CaO with CO2 to produce CaCO3, at least one CaCO3 storage container (2) for storing the CaCO3 produced in the carbonator (1), wherein the CaCO3 storage container (2) is configured to be transportable such that the CaCO3 can be supplied to a geographical location (3) remote from the carbonator (1) for CO2 release.

IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE CAPTURE AND DISPOSAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN AN ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESS

An energy conversion process that also exports by-product CO2 at elevated pressure where a fuel gas feed stream is mixed with a reactant stream and additional CO2 is added to at least part of, the fuel gas feed stream, the reactant stream or both through desorption by contacting with a CO2-rich solvent stream in a first stage contactor to produce a mixed feed gas stream and a CO2-lean solvent stream; passing said mixed feed gas stream to a chemical conversion step, where further CO2 is produced; chilling at least part of the products of said chemical conversion step, at a pressure of at least 10 bar to condense and partially remove CO2 as a liquid and thereby produce a CO2-lean gas stream; and passing at least part of said CO2-lean gas stream said to a second stage contactor where further CO2 is removed, by absorption in a solvent stream lean in CO2 derived from said CO2-lean solvent stream, to produce a product gas stream and a solvent stream rich in CO2 from which said CO2-rich solvent ...

Waste Material, Coal, Used Tires and Biomass Conversion to Alternative Energy and Synthetic Fuels Solutions System with Carbon Capture and Liquefaction

The system contained within this application for non-provisional patent protection provides the ability to convert municipal solid waste materials, used tires, various biomass including wood chips and other agricultural waste, and the addition of coal into synthesis gas (syngas), with oxygen as plasma gas. The system will accommodate the possibility for variation in feedstock co-gasification of the various materials with plasma torches that will be embedded in a plasma gasification unit. One converted into synthesis gas (syngas), the syngas will be cleaned of acid gases and carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide will be captured and converted for various industrial applications instead of being released into the atmosphere. Clean syngas generated by the system will become the gas fuel for various energy solutions including clean electricity, as substitute for natural gas, and ultra clean FT synthetic fuels.

PRODUCTION AND CONDITIONING OF SYNTHESIS GAS OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS

石炭ガス化システム

СПОСОБ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ БЫТОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПИРОЛИЗНОГО РЕАКТОРА, СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ И ПИРОЛИЗНЫЙ РЕАКТОР

Изобретение относится к области машиностроения и может быть использовано при создании систем и устройств для осуществления способов переработки бытовых отходов с использованием пиролизных реакторов с получением синтетических газов из органических бытовых отходов для дальнейшего их использования. Бытовые отходы сортируют в устройстве сортировки. На этапе сортировки из бытовых отходов удаляют отходы, обладающие низким энергетическим потенциалом. Подготовленную смесь бытовых отходов подают в устройство измельчения и далее перемещают в устройство для высушивания и в накопительное устройство с последующей подачей смеси в пиролизный реактор. Процесс пиролиза проходит в реакторе с получением из смеси отходов синтез-газа и смеси коксующихся углеродных остатков. Одновременно с процессом пиролиза отводят тепло или дымовые газы. Полученный в процессе пиролиза синтез-газ из пиролизного реактора подают в устройство сухой очистки с пылеуловителем, где снижают уровень пыли в синтез-газе. Очищенный от пыли синтез-газ подают в систему влажного газоочистителя, в котором синтез-газ очищают от смол и примесей и подают во флотатор, из которого обезвоженные примеси через центрифугу перемещают далее в топку пиролизного реактора, где обезвоженные смолы и примеси сжигают вместе со смесью коксующихся углеродных остатков. Очищенный от смол и примесей синтез-газ подают в абсорбер, в котором выделяют из синтез-газа насыщенный углекислым газом водный раствор, подаваемый в десорбер с последующим разделением насыщенного раствора в десорбере на углекислый газ и техническую воду. Очищенный от примесей синтез-газ подают в ген РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 380 615 (13) C1 (51) МПК F23G F23G 5/02 5/12 (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2008139002/03, 01.10.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 01.10.2008 (45) Опубликовано: 27.01.2010 Бюл. № 3 (73) ...

СПОСОБЫ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА В СИСТЕМУ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ

1. Способ рециркуляции диоксида углерода из первой смеси синтез-газа системы газификации, включающий: ! удаление обогащенного диоксидом углерода газа из первой смеси синтез-газа в устройстве для разделения; ! сжатие обогащенного диоксидом углерода газа; и ! подачу по меньшей мере первой части сжатого обогащенного диоксидом углерода газа в газификатор. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором при газификации получают вторую смесь синтез-газа, причем указанный способ дополнительно включает охлаждение второй смеси синтез-газа в излучательном охладителе синтез-газа. ! 3. Способ по п.2, дополнительно включающий подачу охлажденной второй смеси синтез-газа в скруббер для синтез-газа. ! 4. Способ по п.3, дополнительно включающий: ! охлаждение обработанной в скруббере смеси синтез-газа, выгруженной из скруббера для синтез-газа; и ! направление охлажденной, обработанной в скруббере смеси синтез-газа в устройство для разделения. ! 5. Способ по п.2, дополнительно включающий приведение второй смеси синтез-газа в контакт со второй частью сжатого обогащенного диоксидом углерода газа в излучательном охладителе синтез-газа для облегчения охлаждения второй смеси синтез-газа. ! 6. Способ по п.5, дополнительно включающий: ! приведение охлажденной второй смеси синтез-газа в контакт с третьей частью сжатого обогащенного диоксидом углерода газа с образованием смеси; и ! направление этой смеси в конвекционный охладитель синтез-газа. ! 7. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий нагревание сжатого обогащенного диоксидом углерода газа перед подачей первой части сжатого обогащенного диоксидом углерода газа в газификатор. ! 8. Способ по п.1, в котором ука� РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2010 124 202 (13) A (51) МПК C10J 3/66 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (71) Заявитель(и): Дженерал Электрик Компани (US) (21)(22) Заявка: 2010124202/05, 16.06.2010 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 17.06.2009 US 12/486,228 A 2 0 1 0 1 2 4 2 0 2 R U ...

A method and system of recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation

Grid-energy firming process

Ammonia production by integrated intensified processes

An ammonia production process is disclosed. The process uses gasification of biomass waste and the like to produce syngas which, using an integrated system including using nitrogen enriched air and a porous coated catalyst, produces ammonia in a plasma reactor. The ammonia is finally recovered using sulphonated PolyHIPE Polymer which can be used as a fertilizer after neutralisation.

Coal gasification system

A coal gasification system (1) for gasifying coal, which is provided with: a coal gasification reaction furnace (13) which has a partial oxidation unit (21) and a thermal decomposition unit (22); a carbon dioxide recovery device (18) which separates a product gas produced in the coal gasification reaction furnace into a thin gas that has a low carbon dioxide gas concentration and a thick gas that has a higher carbon dioxide gas concentration in comparison to the thin gas; a thin gas channel (25) through which the thin gas is carried; a thick gas channel (26) through which the thick gas is carried; a first carrier device (11) which carries and supplies coal to the partial oxidation unit by air currents using the thin gas as a carrier gas; and a second carrier device (12) which carries and supplies coal to the thermal decomposition unit by air currents using the thick gas as a carrier gas.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS IN A CHEMICAL LOOPING COMBUSTION SYSTEM

A system (60) for removing impurities from post-combustion gas (19) includes an oxidizer (64) and a reducer (62) operatively connected to the oxidizer (64), the reducer (62) configured to receive the post-combustion gas (19). The system further includes a CLOU material (66) capable of selective circulation between the oxidizer (64) and reducer (62). The CLOU material (66) further oxidizes impurities present in the post-combustion gas (19) to reduce or remove the same.

PRODUCTION AND CONDITIONING OF SYNTHESIS GAS OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS

A method of producing and treating synthesis gas in which a biomass-rich material is gasified in a gasifier containing a fluidized bed at a temperatu re that does not exceed 750.degree.C to produce a crude synthesis gas product. The crude synthesis gas then is quenched, scrubbed, and then subjected to at least one adsorption step to provide a clean synthesis gas. The clean synthesis gas then may be reformed catalytically to provide a synthesis gas with a desired H2:CO ratio, and/or may be employed i n the synthesis of desired chemicals.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL WITH SUBSTANTIALLY NO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

Disclosed herein is a system and method for generating"clean" electricity from carbonaceous material, and producing high-pressure CO2 which can be easily sequestered or utilized for a beneficial purpose, such as fuel production. This system and method utilizes a reformation process thatreforms carbonaceous fuel with superheated steam into a high-pressure gaseous mixture that is rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. This high-pressure gas exchanges excess heat with the incoming steam from a boiler. Once cooled, the high-pressure gas goes through a CO2separator,after which the CO2-rich gas is sequestered underground or beneficially re-used. The remaining hydrogen-rich gas is used to generate power in a power generation subsystem, such as a gas turbine or a fuel cell. Therefore, carbon-free power is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, or another carbon-based feedstock.

METHOD OF OPERATING AN IGCC POWER PLANT PROCESS WITH INTEGRATED CO2 SEPARATION

The invention relates to a method for operating an IGCC power plant process having integrated CO2 separation. A process gas containing H2 and CO2 is separated into technically pure hydrogen and a fraction rich in CO2 by means of pressure swing adsorption (PSA), wherein the fraction rich in CO2 is released as PSA offgas by means of a pressure drop. The hydrogen that is generated is burned in at least one gas turbine utilized for generating electrical power, wherein the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is utilized for generating steam in a heat recovery boiler, said steam being expanded in a steam turbine process also utilized for generating electrical power. The PSA offgas is burned in a separate boiler using technically pure oxygen, wherein a smoke gas having a smoke gas temperature of greater than 1000°C is generated. The smoke gas is utilized for superheating the steam fed into the steam turbine process and/or for generating a more pressurized steam for the steam turbine process. A superheated high-pressure steam having a pressure of greater than 120 bar and a temperature of greater than 520°C is generated for the steam turbine process from the waste heat of the gas turbine and the waste heat of the smoke gas.

PROCESSING OF BIOMASS

REACTION OF PARTIAL OXIDATION WITH FAST COOLING IN CLOSED CYCLE

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к способу переработки биомассы и продуктов переработки. Заявлен способ обработки биомассы для производства продукта, содержащего спирт, карбоновую кислоту, соль карбоновой кислоты, эфир карбоновой кислоты или смеси любого из этого, в котором: обрабатывают биомассу излучением, разрушением ультразвуком или их комбинацией, получая, таким образом, обработанную биомассу, и превращают как минимум часть обработанной биомассы путем приведения в контакт обработанной биомассы с микроорганизмом, вырабатывая, таким образом, продукт, содержащий один или несколько спиртов, карбоновых кислот, солей карбоновых кислот, эфиров карбоновых кислот или их смеси и дополнительно гидрогенизируют продукт для выработки спирта или дополнительно собирают весь образованный диоксид углерода и/или освобожденный лигнин.

At the same time of producing electrical energy, heat energy in the form of method and apparatus and hydrogen

METHOD FOR GASIFYING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL WITH LOAD EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION COST OPTIMIZED MATERIAL

L'invention concerne un procédé de conversion thermochimique d'une charge de matière carbonée en un gaz de synthèse en vue de produire un combustible ou un carburant ou un autre produit d'intérêt, comprenant une étape intermédiaire selon laquelle: a/ en amont de l'étape de décarbonatation, on fait subir au gaz de synthèse, une étape de réaction du gaz à l'eau (WGS), ou b/ en aval de l'étape d'épuration du gaz, on ajoute au gaz de synthèse, de l'hydrogène produit par électrolyse de l'eau, ou c/ en aval de l'étape d'épuration du gaz, on fait subir à un mélange de gaz de synthèse et d'hydrogène produit par électrolyse de l'eau, une étape de réaction du gaz à l'eau inverse (RWGS), le choix de l'une ou l'autre des étapes a/ à c/ étant réalisé en fonction du coût de l'électricité nécessaire à la production d'hydrogène par électrolyse de l'eau.

바이오매스의 가공처리방법

... 바이오매스(예컨대, 식물 바이오매스, 동물 바이오매스 및 도시 폐 바이오매스) 혹은 석탄 등과 같은 탄소-함유 재료는 연료, 카복실산 및 그의 등가물(예컨대, 에스터 및 염류) 등과 같은 유용한 생성물을 생산하도록 가공처리된다. 예를 들어, 셀룰로스 재료 및/또는 리그노셀룰로스 재료 및/또는 전분 재료 등과 같은 공급원료 재료를 이용해서 에탄올, 뷰탄올 혹은 유기산(예컨대, 아세트산 혹은 락트산), 유기산의 염 혹은 이들의 혼합물을 생산할 수 있는 시스템이 기재되어 있다. 필요한 경우, 유기산은, 예를 들어, 우선 산, 염, 혹은 산과 그의 염과의 혼합물을 에스터로 전환시키고 나서, 형성된 에스터를 수소화시킴으로써, 알코올로 전환될 수 있다. 석탄 혹은 바이오매스의 열화학적 전환으로부터 합성가스를 이용할 수 있는 아세토젠 혹은 호모아세토젠은 소망의 생성물을 생성하기 위하여 이용될 수 있다.

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS AND CONDITIONING OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS

INTEGRATED UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION AND ACID GAS REMOVAL CONFIGURATIONS

A syngas treatment plant is configured to remove sulfurous compounds and carbon dioxide from syngas in a configuration having a Redox desulfurization section and a propylene carbonate decarbonization section, wherein H2S is catalytically removed with a chelated solution to elemental sulfur and the reduced solution is re-oxidized by oxygen and the off gases are recycled back to gasification.

METHOD OF MAKING CARBON DIOXIDE

Carbon dioxide free of many impurities is formed by combusting syngas with oxygen and controlling the amount of oxygen combined with the syngas so that the produced combustion gas has less than 2% unreacted oxygen. The syngas can be formed in a horizontal reactor 10 which combusts fuel with oxygen in the presence of water to form a hot gas stream which contacts a carbon feed stock introduced into a reaction zone 23 to form syngas. This is collected in a residence chamber 18, which has a gas outlet 20 leading directly to the syngas burner 75 located in the combustion chamber 71.

GASIFICATION COOLING SYSTEM HAVING SEAL

A system, in certain embodiments, includes a gasification cooling system having an annular seal with a bellows. For example, the gasification cooling system may include a housing with an inlet, an outlet, and an interior between the inlet and the outlet wherein the interior has a throat adjacent the inlet, and the throat expands in a flow direction from the inlet toward the outlet. The annular seal may be disposed in the throat of the hoυsing wherein the annular seal includes the bellows.

Method of managing carbon reduction for hydrocarbon producers

A method and means is disclosed for managing the reduction of carbon during product transport for a large number of hydrocarbon fuel producers within a given geographic region. This reduction of carbon is accomplished at a few major sequestration hubs located within the geographic region where the sequestration hubs themselves pass through or near major carbon dioxide sequestration facilities. The method includes reducing the amount of carbon in the product and providing a carbon credit or a carbon tax benefit to the producer as an additional alternative available to the producer than acquiring a carbon credit, paying a carbon tax or installing on-site capture and sequestration facilities.

System and method for controlling an air separation unit

A system includes an air separation unit configured to separate air into an oxygen rich stream and a nitrogen rich stream and a purity control system configured to receive input indicative of a target diluent level. The purity control system is configured to control the air separation unit to adjust an oxygen percentage and a nitrogen percentage of the oxygen rich stream based on the target diluent level.

METHOD, SYSTEM, AND REACTOR FOR PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL AND DOMESTIC WASTES

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ С УЛАВЛИВАНИЕМ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ГАЗА

... 1. Система, включающая: ! систему улавливания углеродсодержащего газа, предназначенную для сбора углеродсодержащего газа из синтез-газа, и ! систему охлаждения, содержащую углеродсодержащий газ в контуре охладителя. ! 2. Система по п.1, где система охлаждения включает расширитель газа, предназначенный для обеспечения падения давления и температуры углеродсодержащего газа. ! 3. Система по п.2, где система улавливания углеродсодержащего газа включает газовый компрессор, предназначенный для сжатия углеродсодержащего газа. ! 4. Система по п.2, в которой расширитель газа включает адиабатический расширитель. ! 5. Система по п.1, включающая газоочиститель, предназначенный для очистки синтез-газа. ! 6. Система по п.5, в которой газоочиститель включает устройство для удаления кислого газа (УКГ), устройство для удаления серы, устройство для удаления азота, устройство для удаления частиц, устройство для удаления углеродсодержащего газа или их сочетание. ! 7. Система по п.5, в которой контур охладителя ...

Method for storing carbon-dioxide separated from e.g. exhaust gas in e.g. power plant, involves pumping of combination of biomass bound carbon-dioxide and residual carbon-dioxide into earth reservoirs

The method involves separating carbon-dioxide from exhaust gas. Residual gas containing carbon-dioxide or separated carbon-dioxide gas is partly led into a biomass reactor (2) i.e. mobile device, for fertilization of an aquatic plant culture or a semi-hydroponic culture in such a manner that a combination of a biomass bound carbon-dioxide and the residual carbon-dioxide is pumped into earth reservoirs. The biomass reactor is placed in vicinity of a bore hole (4) of an earth reservoir (5) for compressing the carbon-dioxide. The aquatic plant culture comprises a biomass plant such as lemnaceae, semi-cultivated plant, hydroponic plant and algae. An independent claim is also included for a device for storing carbon-dioxide separated from exhaust gas or flue gas in combustion, production and power plants.

Gas stream production

Hydrogen production processing

Method for operating an IGCC power plant process having integrated CO2 separation

The invention relates to a method for operating an IGCC power plant process having integrated CO ...

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture

Abstract A method for producing a liquid fuel from a solid carbonaceous fuel comprising: pyrolizing a first portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel to form the liquid fuel; and indirectly gasifying a second portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel to form 5 separate streams of hydrogen and C02 rich gases by: reducing metal oxide containing particles in a first reaction zone with the second portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel thereby forming the C02 rich gases and reduced metal oxide containing particles; directly sending a first portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles from the first reaction zone to a second reaction zone, and a second portion of the reduced metal 10 oxide containing particles from the first reaction zone to a third reaction zone; oxidizing the first portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles in the second reaction zone with steam thereby generating the hydrogen rich gases and at least partially oxidized metal oxide containing particles; sending ...

REDUCING THE CARBON EMISSIONS INTENSITY OF A FUEL

Abstract The present invention provides a method for reducing a life cycle carbon emissions intensity of a fuel, comprising injecting, into a first wellbore, a carbon dioxide fluid produced from an industrial process that supplies one or more products or services; producing a hydrocarbon fluid from a second wellbore to a terranean surface; producing a fuel from the produced hydrocarbon fluid; and determining that the produced fuel comprises a reduced life cycle carbon emissions intensity value based on a life cycle emissions credit for at least one of the produced hydrocarbon fluid or the produced fuel based on the injection of the carbon dioxide fluid produced from the industrial process that supplies one or more products or services.

PARTIAL OXIDATION REACTION WITH CLOSED CYCLE QUENCH

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with complete carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor. The resulting partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas is quenched, filtered, cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle CO2 stream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream is scrubbed to provide the recycle CO2 stream, which is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems.

METHOD OF MANAGING CARBON REDUCTION FOR HYDROCARBON PRODUCERS

A method and means is disclosed for managing the reduction of carbon during product transport for a large number of hydrocarbon fuel producers within a given geographic region. This reduction of carbon is accomplished at a few major sequestration hubs located within the geographic region where the sequestration hubs themselves pass through or near major carbon dioxide sequestration facilities. The method includes reducing the amount of carbon in the product and providing a carbon credit or a carbon tax benefit to the producer as an additional alternative available to the producer than acquiring a carbon credit, paying a carbon tax or installing on-site capture and sequestration facilities.

REDUCING THE CARBON EMISSIONS INTENSITY OF A FUEL

Techniques for reducing a carbon emissions intensity of a fuel includes injecting a carbon dioxide fluid into a first wellbore; producing a hydrocarbon fluid from a second wellbore to a terranean surface; and producing a fuel from the produced hydrocarbon fluid, the fuel including a low-carbon fuel and assigned an emissions credit based on a source of the carbon dioxide fluid.

METHOD AND PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF A FUEL GAS FROM WASTE

A method and plant for thermal treatment and chemical transformation of waste comprising natural and synthetic carbonaceous materials for generation of a fuel gas for further use is described. Pyrolysis gas and solid waste from a thermolysis and pyrolysis reactor (40), is further processed to produce a fuel gas having a substantially stable WOBBE index.

METHOD OF GASIFYING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL WITH FILLER MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION COST EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZED

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES OF FUELS AND COMBUSTIBLES

The invention relates to a method and installations for reducing the greenhouse gases of fuels and combustibles (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) and to the use of said fuels and combustibles as greenhouse-reduced energy carriers, especially as zero-greenhouse-gas-free fuels in transport. CO2 (23,24) from renewable sources is separated from pyrolysis gas and/or from flue gas and/or from biogas, and recuperated. The recuperated renewable CO2 (26) is put in a geological repository (sequestered). According to a second possible use, the recuperated renewable CO2 replaces fossil CO2 as a raw material. According to a third possible use, the renewable CO2 is used as a raw material for the production of substantially greenhouse-gas-free synthetic fuels, replacing fossil fuels and thereby avoiding additional fossil greenhouse gas emissions.

CHEMICAL-LOOPING COMBUSTION ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION METHOD

An integrated chemical looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system and method for diesel fuel combining four primary units including: gasification of diesel to ensure complete conversion of fuel, chemical looping combustion with supported nickel-based oxygen carrier on alumina, gas turbine-based power generation and steam turbine-based power generation is described. An external combustion and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) are employed to maximize the efficiency of a gas turbine generator and steam turbine generator. The integrated CLC system provides a clean and efficient diesel fueled power generation plant with high CO2recovery.

SYNTHETIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS PRODUCTION WITH IN-SITU CO2 CAPTURE

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ГАЗОВОГО ПОТОКА

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemical industry. Method comprises thermally treating feedstock material to produce syngas, comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and plasma-treating syngas in a plasma treatment unit. Plasma-treated syngas reacts with water in a further treatment unit, which comprises consecutive high-temperature and low-temperature blue gas conversion reactors. Hydrogen is extracted from syngas with a degree of purity of 90 %, and carbon dioxide with a degree of purity of 98 %. EFFECT: invention improves energy efficiency and degree of purity of carbon dioxide gas and/or hydrogen. 16 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (51) МПК C10J 3/18 (11) (13) 2 600 650 C2 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013136697/05, 06.01.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 06.01.2012 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.02.2015 Бюл. № 5 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭДВАНСТ ПЛАЗМА ПАУЭР ЛИМИТЕД (GB) 2 6 0 0 6 5 0 (45) Опубликовано: 27.10.2016 Бюл. № 30 R U 07.01.2011 US 61/430,574; 07.04.2011 GB 1105962.3 (72) Автор(ы): ЧАПМАН Крис (GB), СТЕЙН Рольф (GB), БРУКС Мартин (GB), МАНУКЯН Эдвард С. (GB), КЛАРК Роберт М. (GB) (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2008130260 А1, 30.10.2008;RU 2112868 C1, 10.06.1998;WO 0018680 A1, 06.04.2000;KZ 170094 B, 15.01.2010;RU 2052376 C1, 20.01.1996;RU 2394871 C2, 20.07.2010. (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 07.08.2013 GB 2012/050020 (06.01.2012) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: R U 2 6 0 0 6 5 0 WO 2012/093264 (12.07.2012) Адрес для переписки: 119019, Москва, Гоголевский бульвар, 11, этаж 3, "Гоулингз Интернэшнл Инк.", Т.Н. Лыу (54) ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ГАЗОВОГО ПОТОКА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к химической промышленности. Способ включает термическую обработку сырьевого материала для получения ...

СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИИ IGCC С ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫМ УСТРОЙСТВОМ ДЛЯ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ CO

Изобретение относится к способу эксплуатации электростанции IGCC с интегрированным устройством для отделения CO. При этом способе технологический газ с содержанием Ни СOразделяют посредством адсорбции с переменным давлением (PSA) на технически чистый водород и фракцию с высоким содержанием CO, причем фракция с высоким содержанием СОвыделяется в результате снижения давления в виде отходящего газа установки PSA. Образующийся водород сжигается в по меньшей мере одной газовой турбине, предназначенной для генерации тока. Отработавший газ газовой турбины используется в котле-утилизаторе для производства водяного пара, расширяющегося в паровой турбине, также предназначенной для генерации тока. Отходящий газ установки PSA сжигается в отдельном котле с использованием технически чистого кислорода, причем образуется дымовой газ с температурой свыше 1000°С. Дымовой газ используется для перегрева подаваемого в паротурбинный процесс пара и/или для производства пара с большим давлением для паротурбинного ...

Processing biomass

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product.

SYNTHETIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS PRODUCTION WITH IN-SITU CO2 CAPTURE

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

SYNTHETIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS PRODUCTION WITH IN-SITU CO2 CAPTURE

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

A METHOD AND A SYSTEM OF RECOVERING AND PROCESSING A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE FROM A SUBTERRANEAN FORMATION

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) coking said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce decoked hydrocarbon and coke; (iv) combusting said coke to generate steam and/or energy and CO2; (v) upgrading said decoked hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (v) adding a diluent to the decoked hydrocarbon prior to upgrading and/or adding a diluent to the upgraded hydrocarbon; wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of steam and/or energy and diluent.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL WITH SUBSTANTIALLY NO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

Disclosed herein is a system and method for generating"clean" electricity from carbonaceous material, and producing high-pressure CO2 which can be easily sequestered or utilized for a beneficial purpose, such as fuel production. This system and method utilizes a reformation process thatreforms carbonaceous fuel with superheated steam into a high-pressure gaseous mixture that is rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. This high-pressure gas exchanges excess heat with the incoming steam from a boiler. Once cooled, the high-pressure gas goes through a CO2separator,after which the CO2-rich gas is sequestered underground or beneficially re-used. The remaining hydrogen-rich gas is used to generate power in a power generation subsystem, such as a gas turbine or a fuel cell. Therefore, carbon-free power is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, or another carbon-based feedstock.

GASIFICATION COOLING SYSTEM HAVING SEAL

A system, in certain embodiments, includes a gasification cooling system having an annular seal with a bellows. For example, the gasification cooling system may include a housing with an inlet, an outlet, and an interior between the inlet and the outlet wherein the interior has a throat adjacent the inlet, and the throat expands in a flow direction from the inlet toward the outlet. The annular seal may be disposed in the throat of the ho?sing wherein the annular seal includes the bellows.

PARTIAL OXIDATION REACTION WITH CLOSED CYCLE QUENCH

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with complete carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor. The resulting partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas is quenched, filtered, cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle CO 2 stream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream is scrubbed to provide the recycle CO 2 stream, which is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems.

AMMONIA PRODUCTION BY INTEGRATED INTENSIFIED PROCESSES

An ammonia production process is disclosed. The process uses gasification of biomass waste and the like to produce syngas which, using an integrated system including using nitrogen enriched air and a porous coated catalyst, produces ammonia in a plasma reactor. The ammonia is finally recovered using sulphonated PolyHIPE Polymer which can be used as a fertilizer after neutralisation.

METHOD FOR OPERATING AN IGCC POWER PLANT PROCESS HAVING INTEGRATED CO2 SEPARATION

The invention relates to a method for operating an IGCC power plant process having integrated CO2 separation. A process gas containing H2 and CO2 is separated into technically pure hydrogen and a fraction rich in CO2 by means of pressure swing adsorption (PSA), wherein the fraction rich in CO2 is released as PSA offgas by means of a pressure drop. The hydrogen that is generated is burned in at least one gas turbine utilized for generating electrical power, wherein the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is utilized for generating steam in a heat recovery boiler, said steam being expanded in a steam turbine process also utilized for generating electrical power. The PSA offgas is burned in a separate boiler using technically pure oxygen, wherein a smoke gas having a smoke gas temperature of greater than 1000°C is generated. The smoke gas is utilized for superheating the steam fed into the steam turbine process and/or for generating a more pressurized steam for the steam turbine process. A superheated ...

PRODUCTION AND CONDITIONING OF SYNTHESIS GAS OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS

A method of producing end treating synthesis gas in which a biomass-rich material is gasified in a gasifier containing a fluidized bed at a temperature that does not exceed 750°C to produce a crude synthesis gas product. The crude synthesis gas then is quenched, scrubbed, and then subjected to at least one adsorption step to provide a clean synthesis gas. The clean synthesis gas then may be reformed catalytically to provide a synthesis gas with a dosired H2:CO ratio, and/or may be employed in the synthesis of desired chemicals.

METHOD OF ONLINE CONTROL OF A SLAG FORMING GASIFICATION PROCESS AND PLANT FOR A GASIFICATION PROCESS

A method of online control of a slag-forming process of gasification of a carbonaceous solid fuel, especially coal, in a gasification reactor with supply of a gasifying agent and a moderator is provided. Certain embodiments relate to a gasification process for producing a product gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a solid fuel, to a computer program for online control of the slag-forming gasification process, and to a plant for conducting a gasification process for producing a product gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a solid fuel. Certain aspects of the invention combine an online solid fuel analysis with a process model in order to operate a gasification process for solid fuels by the feed-forward principle at the thermodynamically optimal operating point. The invention permits the establishment of the operating point in real time in order to react to rapid variations in the composition of the solid fuel. Certain embodiments also permit the complete automation of the gasification process. 1. A method of online control of a slag-forming process of gasification of a carbonaceous solid fuel , in a gasification reactor with supply of a gasifying agent and a moderator , the method comprising the steps of:a) defining the quantity of a product gas to be produced by the gasification process;b) conducting an online solid fuel analysis on a solid fuel sample taken prior to entry of the solid fuel into the gasification reactor by means of an online solid fuel analyser to determine an ash content and an ash composition of the solid fuel prior to entry into the gasification reactor;c) reading out operating data of the gasification reactor by means of a process control system; i. determines an operating temperature of the gasification reactor based on the ash composition ascertained by the online solid fuel analysis in order to enable essentially complete outflow of slag out of the gasification reactor;', 'ii. determines a required mass flow rate of ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ С УЛАВЛИВАНИЕМ УГЛЕРОДА

FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: cooling system includes hydrogen capture system, cooling system and control device. The hydrogen capture system is intended to remove carbonaceous gas from synthetic gas with obtainment of captured carbonaceous gas. The captured carbonaceous gas has purity of at least 80 vol % of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The cooling system includes gas expansion unit and cooling agent circuit. Gas expansion unit is intended for expansion of captured carbonaceous gas to reduce temperature of captured carbonaceous gas with production of carbonaceous gas of low temperature. Cooling agent circuit is intended for usage of carbonaceous gas of low temperature to cool at least one solvent for at least one gas purifier. Control device includes programs to regulate cooling system in order to regulate temperature related to cooling of at least one solvent for at least one gas purifier. EFFECT: in comparison with standard cooling cycles the claimed system is relatively simple; it requires less space for layout and improves general efficiency by using the available carbonaceous gas. 14 cl, 5 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 546 900 C2 (51) МПК B01D 53/14 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2010139614/06, 23.09.2010 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 23.09.2010 (72) Автор(ы): ОППЕНХАЙМ Джудит Паулина (US), МАЗУМДАР Аниндра (US) (73) Патентообладатель(и): Дженерал Электрик Компани (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.03.2012 Бюл. № 9 R U 24.09.2009 US 12/566,613 (45) Опубликовано: 10.04.2015 Бюл. № 10 2 5 4 6 9 0 0 R U Адрес для переписки: 191036, Санкт-Петербург, а/я 24, "НЕВИНПАТ", пат.пов. А.В.Поликарпову (54) СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ С УЛАВЛИВАНИЕМ УГЛЕРОДА (57) Реферат: Охлаждающая система включает систему для использования углеродсодержащего газа с улавливания углерода, систему охлаждения и пониженной ...

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ГАЗОВОГО ПОТОКА

... 1. Способ получения газовых потоков диоксида углерода и/или водорода, включающий:(i) термическую обработку сырьевого материала для получения синтетического газа, содержащего монооксид углерода и водород, и плазменную обработку синтетического газа в установке для плазменной обработки;(ii) взаимодействие обработанного плазмой синтетического газа с водой в дополнительной установке для обработки, посредством чего, по меньшей мере, некоторую часть монооксида углерода преобразовывают в диоксид углерода; и(iii) извлечение водорода и/или, отдельно, диоксида углерода из синтетического газа.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что сырьевой материал термически обрабатывают при помощи газификации сырьевого материала для получения синтетического газа.3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что сырьевой материал газифицируют в установке для обработки, отдельной от установки для плазменной обработки.4. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что сырьевой материал газифицируют на стадии (i) в присутствии кислорода ...

Improved process for the capture and disposal of carbon dioxide

Hydrogen production processing

A hydrogen production process and production plant (10) operable to produce, at least, Hydrogen and Carbon dioxide, the process comprises a recycle loop, wherein tail gas (100, 200, 300) produced downstream in the process is used upstream of the process at a shift reactor and at least one of providing heat for drying coal (18) and providing heat for regenerating CO2 (22). Also claimed is a hydrogen production plant comprising means for drying coal, gasifying means, gas cooling means, means for removing and regenerating carbon dioxide and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) means to separate and exhaust hydrogen from the plant, wherein the plant operates according to the process above.

Intensified integrated biomass-to-energy carrier conversion process

Systems for compressing a gas

SYSTEMS FOR COMPRESSING A GAS Systems are provided for gasification operations. The systems may use carbonous gas as part of plant operations. The systems may include a first compressor configured to compress a carbonous gas and a controller. The controller is configured to control the first compressor to transition from compressing a first carbonous gas to compressing a second carbonous gas during startup of a gasification system. CD, -4o co 0 C) r r-4 u CL' 00 ~~C) LU C) C-) C-) I4 C)C\ 004r ...

Methods of recycling carbon dioxide to the gasification system

Method of producing syngas in an IGCC system, comprising compressing and heating carbon dioxide-rich gas to produce heated compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas, mixing the heated compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas with oxygen and feedstock to form a feedstock 5 mixture, subjecting the feedstock mixture to gasification to produce syngas, cooling the syngas in a radiant syngas cooler, contacting syngas cooled in the radiant syngas cooler with compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas to further cool the syngas, and removing an amount of carbon dioxide-rich gas from the product mixture and compressing the removed carbon dioxide-rich gas prior to mixing with oxygen and feedstock. (NN (N ( C% (N (N0( ...

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture

Abstract A method for producing a liquid fuel from a solid carbonaceous fuel comprising: pyrolizing a first portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel to form the liquid fuel; and indirectly gasifying a second portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel to form 5 separate streams of hydrogen and C02 rich gases by: reducing metal oxide containing particles in a first reaction zone with the second portion of the solid carbonaceous fuel thereby forming the C02 rich gases and reduced metal oxide containing particles; directly sending a first portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles from the first reaction zone to a second reaction zone, and a second portion of the reduced metal 10 oxide containing particles from the first reaction zone to a third reaction zone; oxidizing the first portion of the reduced metal oxide containing particles in the second reaction zone with steam thereby generating the hydrogen rich gases and at least partially oxidized metal oxide containing particles; sending ...

REDUCING THE CARBON EMISSIONS INTENSITY OF A FUEL

Techniques for reducing a carbon emissions intensity of a fuel includes injecting a carbon dioxide fluid into a first wellbore; producing a hydrocarbon fluid from a second wellbore to a terranean surface; and producing a fuel from the produced hydrocarbon fluid, the fuel including a low-carbon fuel and assigned an emissions credit based on a source of the carbon dioxide fluid.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IN THE FORMS ELECTRICITY, HEAT AND HYDROGEN GAS

Abstract Method and device for sustainable, simultaneous production of energy in the forms electricity, hydrogen gas and heat from a carbonaceous gas, the method comprising: i. continuously dividing a feed charge of carbonaceous gas into a first feed gas flow and a second feed gas flow, ii. charging the first feed gas flow to a primary SOFC to produce electricity and heat and CO2, iii. charging the other feed gas flow, to a hydrogen gas forming reactor system to produce hydrogen and CO2, iv. heating the hydrogen gas forming system at least partially by heat developed in at least one SOFC, v. optionally capturing the CO2 formed in the primary SOFC by burning the "afterburner" gases in pure oxygen and drying the exhaust gas, vi. capturing the CO2 formed in the hydrogen gas forming reactor system by use of an absorbent.

GAS STREAM PRODUCTION

Gas Stream Production The present invention provides a method for the production of carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen gas streams, the method comprising: (i) thermally treating a feedstock material to produce a syngas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and plasma-treating the syngas in a plasma treatment unit; (ii) reacting the plasma-treated syngas with water in a further treatment unit, whereby at least some of the carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide; and (iii) recovering hydrogen and/or, separately, carbon dioxide from the syngas.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PURIFYING SYNTHESIS GAS, IN PARTICULAR FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS

The invention relates to a method for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis, wherein a partial stream (26) of an H2-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burned, in particular to generate electrical energy, and wherein at least one component contained in the remaining H2-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (26a), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is absorbed by an adsorber at low temperatures, after which said absorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber by flushing using nitrogen (33) at higher temperatures. According to the invention the H2-rich partial stream (26) is diluted using the nitrogen (35) used for the flushing before being burned. The invention further relates to a system (1) for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis.

INTEGRATION OF REFORMING/WATER SPLITTING AND ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS FOR POWER GENERATION WITH INTEGRATED CARBON CAPTURE

High efficiency electricity generation processes and systems with substantially zero CO2 emissions are provided. A closed looping between the unit that generates gaseous fuel (H2, CO, etc) and the fuel cell anode side is formed. In certain embodiments, the heat and exhaust oxygen containing gas from the fuel cell cathode side are also utilized for the gaseous fuel generation. The systems for converting fuel may comprise reactors configured to conduct oxidation- reduction reactions. The resulting power generation efficiencies are improved due to the minimized steam consumption for the gaseous fuel production.in the fuel cell anode loop as well as the strategic mass and energy integration schemes.

Method for operating an IGCC power plant process having integrated CO2 separation

DEVICE FOR RECYCLING CARBON DIOXIDE IN A COGENERATING IMPROVED

Dispositif autonome de production d'énergie thermique et électrique et de traitement simultané du gaz carbonique issu de la combustion de constituants fossiles. L'énergie produite, y compris celle des gaz des cheminées d'échappement, par un système de cogénération perfectionnée, est récupérée à travers, un système caloporteur, des turbines à vapeur d'eau et à gaz carbonique, puis dirigée : - soit vers un système de chauffage - soit vers l'usage d'appareils électriques. L'énergie électrique est partiellement utilisée dans des électrolyseurs afin de générer de l'hydroxyde de sodium, du dihydrogène, du dioxygène et de l'acide sulfurique. Le dihydrogène et le dioxygène sont réutilisés dans des piles à combustible, recyclant ainsi de l'énergie électrique et de l'énergie thermique. Lorsque la cogénération est à l'arrêt ou au ralenti, des piles photovoltaiques fournissent l'énergie électrique nécessaire à l'électrolyse. Le dioxyde de carbone et l'hydroxyde de sodium, produisent de l'hydrogénocarbonate ...

ENTRAINED-BED REACTOR WITH RAPID CONTROL OF THE GASIFICATION TEMPERATURE

A method for generating gases by the entrained-bed gasification of pulverized fuels is proposed. These gases can be modified by adapted preparation processes such as cooling, dust separation, raw gas conversion and sour gas scrubbing to form synthesis gases for various syntheses. Thus, various syntheses can be carried out for methanol, DME or fuels, and use for generating electric power in gas and steam turbine processes is also possible. The invention is characterized by the following features: - pneumatic transport of the pulverized fuel with CO2 as the carrier gas with suspension densities in the range of 200-500 kg/m3, - gasifying with oxygen in a reactor with a cooled reaction chamber contour, - arrangement of a cooling screen with water flowing through without evaporation, - measuring of the transferred amount of heat by measuring the amount and temperature of the cooling water, - use of the transferred amount of heat as a controlled variable for setting the fuel-oxygen ratio, - arrangement ...

СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИИ IGCC С ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫМ УСТРОЙСТВОМ ДЛЯ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ CO

1. Способ эксплуатации электростанции IGCC с интегрированным устройством для отделения CO, в котором:- из ископаемых видов топлива производят синтез-газ с содержанием СО и Н,- по меньшей мере, один частичный поток синтез-газа преобразуют на стадии конверсии СО посредством водяного пара в Ни CO,- образовавшийся технологический газ с содержанием Ни COразделяют адсорбцией с переменным давлением (PSA) на технически чистый водород и фракцию с высоким содержанием CO, содержащую также горючие газы, как СО и Н,- образующийся водород сжигают в, по меньшей мере, одной газовой турбине, предназначенной для генерации тока,- отработавший газ газовой турбины используют в котле-утилизаторе для выработки водяного пара, расширяющегося в паровой турбине, также предназначенной для генерации тока,- фракцию с высоким содержанием CO, образовавшуюся при адсорбции с переменным давлением, сжигают в отдельном котле с использованием технически чистого кислорода, а отходящее тепло дымового газа, состоящего из COи продуктов сгорания, используют путем теплообмена,- водяной пар отделяют от дымового газа, образующегося при сжигании фракции с высоким содержанием CO, а остаточный поток, состоящий по существу из CO, направляют на захоронение или утилизацию,отличающийся тем, что при сжигании фракции с высоким содержанием CO, образующейся при адсорбции с переменным давлением, образуется дымовой газ с температурой свыше 1000°С, используемый для перегрева пара, произведенного в расположенном за газовой турбиной котле-утилизаторе, и/или для производства пара с большим давлением для паротурбинного процесса, и что за счет отходящего тепла газовой турбины и отходя РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C01B 3/48 (13) 2012 117 799 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2012117799/05, 17.09.2010 (71) Заявитель(и): ТИССЕНКРУПП УДЕ ГМБХ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): МЕНЦЕЛЬ Йоханнес (DE) 30.09.2009 DE ...

Process

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product.

System for compressed gas

Partial oxidation reaction with closed cycle quench

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with complete carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor. The resulting partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas is quenched, filtered, cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle CO2 stream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream is scrubbed to provide the recycle CO2 stream, which is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems.

SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS FOR CALCIUM LOOPING

An exemplary adiabatic calcium looping system includes a first fixed-bed reactor having a fixed sorbent bed holding a calcium-based sorbent, and a second fixed-bed reactor having a fixed sorbent bed holding a calcium-based sorbent. The exemplary system includes valve mechanisms for alternately configuring each of the first and second reactors in a carbonator configuration and a calciner configuration. The first reactor is configured in the carbonator configuration when the second reactor is configured in the calciner configuration, and the first reactor is configured in the calciner configuration when the second reactor is configured in the carbonator configuration.

REDUCING THE CARBON EMISSIONS INTENSITY OF A FUEL

Techniques for reducing a carbon emissions intensity of a fuel includes injecting a carbon dioxide fluid into a first wellbore; producing a hydrocarbon fluid from a second wellbore to a terranean surface; and producing a fuel from the produced hydrocarbon fluid, the fuel including a low-carbon fuel and assigned an emissions credit based on a source of the carbon dioxide fluid.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DIESEL FUELED CLC FOR EFFICIENT POWER GENERATION AND CO2 CAPTURE

An integrated chemical looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system and method for diesel fuel combining four primary units including: gasification of diesel to ensure complete conversion of fuel, chemical looping combustion with supported nickel-based oxygen carrier on alumina, gas turbine-based power generation and steam turbine-based power generation is described. An external combustion and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) are employed to maximize the efficiency of a gas turbine generator and steam turbine generator. The integrated CLC system provides a clean and efficient diesel fueled power generation plant with high COrecovery. 1. A diesel fueled chemical-looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system , comprising:a feed source of diesel fuel;a gasification chamber fluidly connected to the feed source, the gasification chamber including a first heat exchanger, a gasification reactor and a gasification splitter;a chemical looping combustion chamber fluidly connected to the gasification chamber, the chemical looping combustion chamber including a first reduction reactor, a first splitter, a second reduction reactor and a second splitter;a gas combustion chamber fluidly connected at a first input to a first output of the first splitter and at a second input to the gasification splitter,a gas turbine power generator connected to the combustor;at least one steam turbine electrical power generator;a heat recovery unit fluidly connected to the at least one steam turbine electrical power generator and to the gasification chamber, the heat recovery unit including a second heat exchanger and a plurality of steam generators; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'a COgas purification stage connected to the heat recovery unit, the COgas purification stage including a plurality of condensers and a plurality of compressors.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchanger is connected at a first input to the diesel fuel source claim 1 , and at a ...

SYSTEM TO MAXIMIZE CO FROM FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING (FCC) PROCESS BY COKE OXIDATION WITH METAL OXIDES

Provided is a process capable of converting the cokes on spent catalysts in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process into synthesis gas. The produced synthesis gas contains high concentrations of CO and Hand may be utilized in many downstream applications such as syngas fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and synthesis of chemical intermediates. A reducer/regenerator reactor for a fluid catalytic process comprising a chemical looping system to produce synthesis gas is also described. 1. A method for producing synthesis gas from catalyst coke generated from a fluid catalytic cracking process bya) providing a chemical looping system comprising a reducer/regenerator reactor, an oxidizer reactor and a combustor reactor;b) feeding catalyst coke particles and metal oxide particles into the reducer/regenerator reactor of the chemical looping system to produce a plurality of streams comprising a regenerated catalyst stream, a synthesis gas stream and a reduced metal oxide particle stream;c) feeding the stream of reduced metal oxide particles and a stream of water vapor into the oxidizer reactor of the chemical looping system to produce a plurality of streams comprising a hydrogen stream and a stream of oxidized metal oxide particles; andd) feeding the stream of oxidized metal oxide particles and a stream of air into the combustor reactor of the chemical looping system to produce heat and a stream of metal oxide particles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reducer/regenerator reactor is a moving bed reactor.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reduced metal oxide particle stream and the regenerated catalyst stream of the moving bed reactor flow in the same direction.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reducer/regenerator reactor is a fluidized bed reactor.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the reduced metal oxide particle stream and the regenerated catalyst stream of the fluidized bed reactor flow in the same direction.6. The method of claim 2 , ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE ENHANCED INTEGRATED GASIFIER COMBINED CYCLE (IGCC)

A system and method for oxygen transport membrane enhanced Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle (IGCC) is provided. The oxygen transport membrane enhanced IGCC system is configured to generate electric power and optionally produce a fuel/liquid product from coal-derived synthesis gas or a mixture of coal-derived synthesis gas and natural gas derived synthesis gas. 1. An oxygen transport membrane based hydrogen-rich fuel gas production system comprising:a coal gasification subsystem configured to produce a coal-derived synthesis gas stream from a source of coal, steam and a first oxygen stream;an oxygen transport membrane based conversion subsystem configured to treat the coal-derived synthesis gas stream with at least a second oxygen stream to form a hydrogen-rich effluent stream;a gas conditioning subsystem configured to treat the hydrogen-rich effluent stream to produce the hydrogen-rich fuel gas;wherein the first oxygen stream is provided by separation of oxygen from air at cryogenic temperatures and the second oxygen stream is provided by separation of oxygen from air at elevated temperatures within the oxygen transport membrane based conversion subsystem; andwherein the mass of the second oxygen stream divided by the total mass of the first and second oxygen streams is in the range of 0.1 to 0.7.2. The system of wherein the hydrogen-rich fuel gas is provided as a fuel to a gas turbine to generate electricity.3. The system of wherein the hydrogen-rich fuel gas is divided into at least a first portion and a second portion claim 1 , the first portion provided to a gas turbine to generate electricity claim 1 , and the second portion provided as a source of hydrogen in other industrial applications.4. The system of wherein the gas conditioning subsystem produces a carbon dioxide rich stream and the hydrogen-rich fuel gas.5. The system of wherein a nitrogen rich stream formed while separating oxygen from air at cryogenic temperature is provided to the gas turbine as a ...

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT AND A SYNGAS MIXTURE

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) performing a continuously operated partial oxidation of the solid biomass feed at a gas temperature of between 700 and 1100° C. and at a solids residence time of less than 5 seconds, (ii) continuously separating the formed char particles as the char product from the formed gaseous fraction and (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation and/or to a steam reforming to obtain the syngas mixture. The solid biomass feed has been obtained by torrefaction of a starting material comprising lignocellulose and is a sieve fraction wherein 99 wt % of the solid biomass particles is smaller than 2 mm. 1. A process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps:(i) performing a continuously operated partial oxidation of the solid biomass feed at a gas temperature of between 700 and 1100° C. and at a solids residence time of less than 5 seconds thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles,(ii) continuously separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction, and(iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation or to a steam reforming, or both, to obtain the syngas mixture, wherein the solid biomass feed has been obtained by torrefaction of a starting material comprising lignocellulose and wherein the solid biomass feed is a sieve fraction wherein 99 wt % of the solid biomass particles is smaller than 2 mm.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gas temperature in step (i) is between 750 and 1000° C.3. The process according to claim 1 ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product. 1. A method of processing biomass , the method comprising: treating biomass with radiation , thereby producing treated biomass; and converting a first portion of the treated biomass utilizing bacteria capable of metabolizing both sugar and syngas feedstocks , to produce the carboxylic acid ester , wherein during converting , syngas is delivered to the bacteria , wherein the syngas is produced by gasification of a second portion of the treated biomass.2. The method of wherein the radiation comprises gamma radiation claim 1 , microwave radiation claim 1 , infrared radiation claim 1 , electron beam radiation claim 1 , X-rays claim 1 , ultraviolet radiation claim 1 , ion particle beam radiation claim 1 , or a combination of any of the forgoing.3. The method of wherein the radiation comprises electron beam radiation.4. The method of wherein the electron beam radiation is delivered at a dose of at least 10 Mrad.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising treating the biomass with shearing claim 1 , cutting claim 1 , grinding claim 1 , pulverizing claim 1 , chopping claim 1 , shredding claim 1 , sonication claim 1 , ...

Char Preparation System and Gasifier for All-Steam Gasification with Carbon Capture

An ASG system for polygeneration with CC includes a devolatilizer that pyrolyzes solid fuel to produce char and gases. A burner adds exothermic heat by high-pressure sub-stoichiometric combustion, a mixing pot causes turbulent flow of the gases to heat received solid fuel, and a riser micronizes resulting friable char. A devolatilizer cyclone separates the micronized char by weight providing micronized char, steam and gases to a gasifier feed and oversized char to the mixing pot. An indirect fluid bed gasifier combustion loop includes a gasifier coupled to the gasifier feed, a steam input to provide oxygen for gasification and to facilitate sand-char separation, and an output for providing syngas. A burner provides POC to a mixing pot which provides hot sand with POC to a POC cyclone via a riser, where the POC cyclone separates sand and POC by weight and provides POC and sand for steam-carbon reaction. 1. An all-steam gasification system for polygeneration with carbon capture , the system comprising: i) a devolatilizer burner having at least one input that receives gases comprising hydrogen, oxygen and steam or gases comprising syngas, steam, and a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the devolatilizer burner adding exothermic heat to the devolatilizer by high-pressure sub-stoichiometric combustion of the received gases to eliminate substantially all oxidation of char in the devolatilizer;', 'ii) a devolatilizer mixing pot having an input coupled to the output of the devolatilizer burner and a solid fuel input that receives solid fuel, the devolatilizer mixing pot configured to cause a turbulent flow of hot gases provided by the devolatilizer burner to heat the received solid fuel and to generate friable char, pyrolysis gas, and steam at an output;', 'iii) a riser having an input that is coupled to the output of the devolatilizer mixing pot, the riser micronizing the friable char and providing the micronized char with volatiles and steam to an output;', 'iv) a ...

INTEGRATED COAL GASIFICATION COMBINED POWER GENERATION PROCESS WITH ZERO CARBON EMISSION

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and particularly discloses an integrated coal gasification combined power generation process with zero carbon emission, the process comprising: pressurizing air for performing air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, wherein the liquid oxygen is used for gasification and power generation, the liquid nitrogen is applied as the coolant for the gasification and power generation, the liquid nitrogen and a part of liquid oxygen stored during the valley period with low electricity load are provided for use during the peak period with high electricity load; the pulverized coal delivered under pressure and high-pressure oxygen enter a coal gasification furnace for gasification, so as to generate high-temperature fuel gas, which subjects to heat exchange and purification, and then the high-pressure fuel gas enters into a combustion gas turbine along with oxygen and recyclable COfor burning and driving an air compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed; the air compressor compresses the air to a pressure of 0.4˜0.8 MPa, and the generator generates electricity; the high-temperature combustion flue gas performs the supercritical COpower generation, its coolant is liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen; the heat exchanged combustion fuel gas subsequently perform heat exchange with liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen vaporizes to drive a nitrogen turbine generator for generating electricity, the cooled flue gas is dehydrated and distilled to separate CO, a part of COis used for circulation and temperature control, and another portion of COis sold outward as liquid COproduct. The power generation process provided by the present disclosure not only solves the difficult problems of high water consumption, low power generation efficiency and small range of peak load adjustment capacity of the existing IGCC technology; but also can compress air with high unit volume for energy ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product. 1. A method of processing lignocellulosic biomass to lignin and to a carboxylic acid ester , the method comprising:treating the lignocellulosic biomass to reduce its recalcitrance, producing treated biomass;hydrolyzing the treated biomass to produce sugars;capturing lignin liberated by saccharifying the treated biomass;contacting the sugars with a microorganism or a mixture of microorganisms to produce the carboxylic acid ester.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein treating the lignocellulosic biomass comprises shearing claim 1 , irradiation claim 1 , sonication claim 1 , pyrolysis claim 1 , oxidation claim 1 , steam explosion claim 1 , treating with ozone claim 1 , treating with Fenton's solution claim 1 , or a combination of any of these.3. The method of wherein treating the lignocellulosic biomass is by radiation.4. The method of wherein the radiation is by a beam of electrons.5. The method of wherein the beam of electrons delivers at least 10 Mrad of radiation.6. The method of wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises paper claim 1 , paper products claim 1 , wood claim 1 , wood-related materials claim 1 , ...

CHEMICAL LOOPING SYNGAS PRODUCTION FROM CARBONACEOUS FUELS

A reactor configuration is proposed for selectively converting gaseous, liquid or solid fuels to a syngas specification which is flexible in terms of H/CO ratio. This reactor and system configuration can be used with a specific oxygen carrier to hydro-carbon fuel molar ratio, a specific range of operating temperatures and pressures, and a co-current downward moving bed system. The concept of a COstream injected in-conjunction with the specified operating parameters for a moving bed reducer is claimed, wherein the injection location in the reactor system is flexible for both steam and COsuch that, carbon efficiency of the system is maximized. 1. A system for converting a fuel , the system comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a first moving bed reactor comprising a metal oxide particles having a primary component and a secondary component, wherein fuel, COand steam are added to the first reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to the metal oxide particles, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce at least a portion of the metal oxide particles with the fuel to produce a first reduced metal oxide, and is further configured to produce a first syngas stream comprising H, CO, COand steam;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a second moving bed reactor, operating in parallel with the first moving bed reactor and comprising metal oxide particles having a primary component and a secondary component, wherein fuel, COand steam are added to the second reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to the metal oxide particles, wherein the second reactor is configured to reduce at least a portion of the metal oxide particles with the fuel to produce a second reduced metal oxide, and is further configured to produce a second syngas stream comprising H, CO, COand steam;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a separation unit, in communication with the first reactor and the second reactor, and configured to remove the COfrom the first syngas stream and the second syngas stream, wherein the H/CO ...

SYNTHETIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS PRODUCTION WITH IN-SITU CO2 CAPTURE

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in- situ COcapture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydro genation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or COand/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system. 112.-. (canceled)13. A method for producing synthetic liquid fuel from carbonaceous fuels comprising:directly liquefying a solid carbonaceous fuel with a hydrogen rich gas stream; and{'sub': '2', 'indirectly gasifying any unconverted solid carbonaceous fuel to form separate streams of hydrogen and COrich gases.'}14. A method for producing synthetic liquid fuel from carbonaceous fuels comprising the steps of:pyrolyzing a solid carbonaceous fuel directly or indirectly with hot metal oxide containing particles to form a liquid fuel; and{'sub': '2', 'indirectly combusting or gasifying the unconverted solid carbonaceous fuels with metal oxide containing particles to produce heat and a COrich gas stream.'} The present invention is generally directed to systems and methods for synthetic fuels and chemical products generation with in-situ COcapture. A reduction-oxidation (redox) system using one or more chemical intermediates is generally utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect COhydrogenation, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis.Fossil fuels including crude oil, natural gas, and coal provide more than 85% of today's energy supply. These fossil fuels are usually transformed to carriers such as electricity and liquid transportation fuels prior to utilization by end consumers. Electricity is mainly produced by relatively abundant energy sources such as coal, natural gas, and nuclear. In contrast, liquid ...

DIRECT COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON REDUCTION DEVICE WITH HYDROGEN UTILIZATION

Combining multiple subsystems involving biomass processing, biomass gasification of the processed biomass where a synthesis gas is produced then converted to hydrogen fuels or other transportation fuels for use in coupled transportation systems sized to consume all the transportation fuel produced. Carbon in the biomass is converted to COin the conversion process and a portion of that COis captured and sequestrated for long term storage. 1. A method of converting biomass into hydrogen , the steps of the method comprising: adding drying heat to a system configured to reduce moisture of unprocessed biomass to 17% or less by weight;', 'filtering out particulates from the unprocessed biomass which exceed a predetermined diameter threshold using one or more of: a screen, diverter gate, and disc screener;, 'creating processed biomass from unprocessed biomass having a moisture content of 30% to 45% by weight bydepositing processed biomass in storage; a portion of the processed biomass is converted to carbon dioxide that is captured and sequestered in a storage tank; and', 'hydrogen is produced, captured and directed into a transportation fuel use., 'submitting the processed biomass to a gasification process to create a syngas in which2. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , wherein 95% of the processed biomass is between 2 mm and 80 mm in diameter.3. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising moving the unprocessed biomass on a moving conveyor belt during the drying step.4. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the biomass during gasification to hydrogen a reaction step involving FE-CR-based catalysts.5. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising using a plurality of fixed bed reactors processing syngas in two to five stages to gradually lower outlet temperatures of the processed biomass syngas.6. The method of converting biomass ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PURIFYING SYNTHESIS GAS, IN PARTICULAR FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS

The invention relates to a method for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis, wherein a partial stream () of an H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burned, in particular to generate electrical energy, and wherein at least one component contained in the remaining H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is absorbed by an adsorber at low temperatures, after which said absorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber by flushing using nitrogen () at higher temperatures. According to the invention the H-rich partial stream () is diluted using the nitrogen () used for the flushing before being burned. The invention further relates to a system () for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis. 1. A method for purifying synthesis gas , in particular for ammonia synthesis , wherein{'b': '26', 'sub': '2', 'a partial stream () of an H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burnt, in particular for generating electrical energy, and wherein'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 26', '14', '14', '33, 'i': 'a', 'at least one component contained in the remaining H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is adsorbed at low temperatures by an adsorber () and then said at least one adsorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber () by purging with nitrogen () at higher temperatures,'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 26', '35, 'characterized in that, prior to combustion, the H-rich partial stream () is diluted with the nitrogen used for purging ().'}2311426313317. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that additionally nitrogen () claim 1 , which has not been used previously for purging the adsorber () claim 1 , is added to the H-rich partial stream () prior to combustion claim 1 , to dilute it claim 1 , and in particular the nitrogen used for dilution ( claim 1 , ) is produced by cryogenic separation () ...

System and method for reducing emissions in a chemical looping combustion system

A system for removing impurities from post-combustion gas includes an oxidizer and a reducer operatively connected to the oxidizer, the reducer configured to receive the post-combustion gas. The system further includes a CLOU material capable of selective circulation between the oxidizer and reducer. The CLOU material further oxidizes impurities present in the post-combustion gas to reduce or remove the same.

ECOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE/INCREASE OF BIO-ENERGY OBTAINABLE THROUGH BIOMASS

According to known methods, biomass is broken down under the action of water vapour via a carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture (called synthesis gas) as an intermediate stage into hydrogen and carbon dioxide instead of being combusted directly to generate energy. Carbon dioxide is stored/sequestered and the hydrogen is used to generate energy. The transfer of bio-activity can also be effected within the same process by breaking down a mixture of biomass and fossil fuel (e.g. wood and coal) into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is then reacted with half of the formed carbon dioxide to form methane and the remaining carbon dioxide is stored. The stored carbon dioxide and generated methane respectively comprise one half each of biological and fossil carbon. If the bio-activity of the stored biocarbon dioxide is transferred to the fossil carbon in methane, a corresponding mixture of wood and coal produces 100% biomethane. Here, too, up to 100% biomethane can be obtained from coal-wood mixtures. By adding the hydrogen obtained from excess electrical energy to the biocarbon, the bio-energy based on the biomass used is even quadrupled. For a traceable eco-balance with such mixtures, it is important to quantify the bio-proportion in the two “end products” stored carbon dioxide and generated methane. For this purpose, use is made e.g. of the radiocarbon (C14) method. 1. A process for transporting and steadying or storing renewable energy , the process comprising:converting biomass to bio carbon dioxide and bio hydrogen;reacting the bio hydrogen with synthesis gas obtained from biomass to form bio methane;supplying the bio methane into a network of natural gas; andtransporting or storing and consuming the bio methane together with the natural gas.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the bio carbon dioxide is stored and reacted with hydrogen claim 1 , made from electric power by water-electrolysis claim 1 , to form methane claim 1 , and the methane is supplied to ...

PROCESS

A process for the manufacture of one or more useful products comprises: gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to generate a raw synthesis gas; supplying at least a portion of the raw synthesis gas to a clean-up zone to remove contaminants and provide a clean synthesis gas; supplying the clean synthesis gas to a first further reaction train to generate at least one first useful product and a tailgas; and diverting selectively on demand a portion of at least one of the carbonaceous feedstock, the clean synthesis gas, the tailgas and the light gas fraction to heat or power generation within the process, in response to external factors to control the carbon intensity of the overall process and enable GHG emission savings. 1. A process for the manufacture of one or more useful products comprising:a. gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to generate a raw synthesis gas;b. supplying at least a portion of the raw synthesis gas to a clean-up zone to remove contaminants and provide a clean synthesis gas;c. importing natural gas and/or power into the process;d. supplying the clean synthesis gas to a first further reaction train to generate at least one first useful product and a tailgas; ande. diverting selectively on demand a portion of at least one of the carbonaceous feedstock, the clean synthesis gas, the tailgas and (if present) a light gas fraction to heat or power generation within the process to control the carbon intensity of the process.2. The process according to wherein means within the process are provided selectively on demand to divert one or more of:i. a portion of the carbonaceous feedstock to a combustor to generate energy for the production of steam for use on plant or for power generation; and/orii. a portion of the clean synthesis gas as fuel gas for use on plant and/or or for the generation of steam for use on plant and/or for power ...

Bulk Energy Storage Process

A multi stage set of molten salt based processes for coal gasification, recovery of sulfur from hydrogen, capture of COfrom gases and processes to store generated electrical energy for later use when it is needed in which excess power can be used to decarbonize fossil fuel to produce hydrogen that can be stored, sequester CO, and regenerate the hydrogen back to electricity using an advanced power cycle. 1. A process for generating electricity comprising:converting carbon to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a gas generating unit and removing the carbon dioxide, compressing and the resulting hydrogen and;combusting it in a high-pressure combustor; passing the resulting gas product to a steam turbine connected to an electrical generator.2. The process of wherein the capacity of the gas generating unit is sized to produce 60 to 80 percent of the hydrogen needed to operate the steam turbine at full rated capacity and wherein excess hydrogen from the gas generation unit is stored when the electrical generating capacity of the generator exceeds demand and utilizing the stored hydrogen to add additional feed to the burner when electrical generating demand exceeds the capacity of hydrogen afforded by the gas generating unit.3. The process of wherein converting carbon to hydrogen and carbon dioxide is accomplished in a process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '4, 'gasification of coal and coke to produce a gas containing Hand COin a molten chloride salt mix of KCl and CaCl at about 1700° F. and the COis removed from the gas so produced by contacting with a molten salt mixture comprising lithium ortho silicate (Li4SiO) maintained at about 1075° F.'}4. The process of wherein finely ground limestone is added to the salt as sulfur absorbent.5. The process of wherein converting carbon to hydrogen and carbon dioxide is accomplished in a process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'gasification of natural gas to produce a gas containing Hand COin tubular reactor having tubes containing a ...

METHOD FOR REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A CONVERSION PROCESS

A method is described for reducing the carbon footprint of any commercially important industrial conversion process. The output of this conversion process can be combustible fuels, chemicals, electricity or heat energy. In its broadest form, a carbon negative module outputs energy to a conversion energy and this energy replaces conventional fossil-fuel based energy. A sequesterable carbonaceous solid is produced by the carbon negative process which represents a net carbon withdrawal from the atmosphere. 124-. (canceled)25. A method for reducing the carbon footprint of a fuel production process , comprising:(a) conducting an external carbon negative process having biomass as input and sequesterable carbon and volatile gas streams as outputs; and(b) converting the volatile gas streams to renewable fuel components, wherein the renewable fuel components are suitable for use as a blend stock in a fuel production process to reduce the carbon footprint of said fuel production process.26. A method according to in which the sequesterable carbon is greater than 50% fixed carbon.27. A method according to in which the carbon footprint reduction is greater than 1%28. A method according to in which the carbon footprint reduction is greater than 10%.29. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is sequestered by use as a soil amendment.30. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is sequestered by underground storage.31. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is sequestered by addition to soil containing compost material.32. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is used for carbon offsets.33. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is used for carbon credits.34. A method according to in which at least some of the sequesterable carbon is reacted with oxygen claim 25 , carbon dioxide claim 25 , methane or steam to generate synthesis gas claim 25 , which displaces fossil carbon.35. The method of ...

CO-GASIFICATION OF MICROALGAE BIOMASS AND LOW-RANK COAL TO PRODUCE SYNGAS/HYDROGEN

A process and apparatus for producing syngas from low grade coal and from a biomass wherein the process includes (i) gasification of a mixture of low grade coal and biomass, (ii) reforming the gasified mixture, and (iii) removing COfrom the gasified and reformed syngas mixture. 1: A process for producing a syngas , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'co-gasifying a feedstock comprising low rank coal and a microalgae biomass at a temperature of about 700 to 850° C. with a gasification agent comprising at least 90 vol. % oxygen, steam and CObased on a total volume of the gasification agent to produce a gasified intermediate;'}reforming the gasified intermediate to produce a syngas mixture; andremoving carbon dioxide from the syngas mixture to thereby producing the syngas, wherein the syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide and is substantially free of carbon dioxide.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the low rank coal is Indonesian coal.3Nannochloropsis oculata. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is microalgae biomass.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein a biomass/coal (“B/C”) ratio in the feedstock ranges from about 0.75 to about 1.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the co-gasifying occurs in the presence of no more than 5 vol % nitrogen based on a total volume of the gasification agent and/or in the presence of at least 95 vol. % oxygen based on a total volume of the gasification agent.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the co-gasification occurs in the presence of oxygen claim 1 , water and carbon dioxide.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the co-gasification and reforming occur at a pressure of about 1 to 50 bar.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the co-gasification and reforming occur at a pressure of about 1 bar.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein an Oequivalence ratio (ER) ranges from 0 to 0.4 claim 1 , a biomass/coal (B/C) ratio ranges from 0.75 to 1 and the gasification agent is at least 90 vol. % oxygen containing less than 5 vol. % nitrogen each ...

Plant and Method for Generating Negative Emissions of CO2

The invention relates to a plant for generating negative emissions of CO. The plant comprises a gasifier , a lime kiln , a separator , and a COpermanent storage . The gasifier is suitable for receiving as input a fuel and for producing as output a high-temperature syngas flow . The lime kiln is suitable for receiving as input carbonate mineral and the high-temperature syngas flow, the lime kiln being further suitable for producing an oxide and for releasing as output a flow of syngas enriched with CO. The separator is suitable for receiving as input a gas flow containing COand for treating it so as to separately provide at least CO. The COpermanent storage is suitable for enclosing along time the CO. The invention also relates to a method for generating negative emissions of CO. 1100. Plant () for generating negative emissions of CO , comprising:{'b': '110', 'a gasifier ();'}{'b': 130', '110, 'a lime kiln () placed downstream of the gasifier ();'}{'b': 150', '130, 'a separator () placed downstream of the lime kiln (); and'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 170', '150, 'a COpermanent storage () placed downstream of the separator ();'}wherein:{'b': 110', '111', '114, 'the gasifier () is suitable for receiving as input a fuel () and for producing as output a high-temperature syngas flow ();'}{'b': 130', '131', '114', '110', '134', '133, 'sub': '2', 'the lime kiln () is suitable for receiving as input carbonate mineral () and the high-temperature syngas flow () produced by the gasifier (), the lime kiln being further suitable for producing an oxide () and for releasing as output a flow of syngas () enriched with CO;'}{'b': 150', '133', '143', '147', '151, 'sub': 2', '2, 'the separator () is suitable for receiving as input a gas flow (; ; ) containing COand for treating it so as to separately provide at least CO(); and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b': 170', '150, 'the COpermanent storage () is suitable for enclosing along time the COprovided by the separator ().'}2100110130120114110. Plant () ...

Coal liquefaction complex with minimal carbon dioxide emissions

The invention described herein relates to a novel process for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions from a coal and/or biomass liquefaction facility by utilizing a steam methane reformer unit in the complex designed to produce additional hydrogen which can be thereafter utilized in the process, as required for the plant fired heaters (including the SMR furnace), and for the production of plant steam. The plant light ends (C 1 , C 2 , etc.), which are normally utilized as fuel gas streams are the primary feeds to the SMR Unit along with the tail gas purge from a gasification complex within the facility.

Gasifier having integrated fuel cell power generation system

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H2O and CO2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endo thermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

利用煤制甲醇、煤制醋酸过程减排co2的联合装置减排co2并增产甲醇及醋酸的方法

本发明公开了利用煤制甲醇、煤制醋酸过程减排CO 2 的联合装置减排CO 2 并增产甲醇及醋酸的方法。所述联合装置包括煤制甲醇装置、煤制醋酸装置，连接煤制甲醇装置和煤制醋酸装置的CO 2 连通管网，连接煤制甲醇装置和煤制醋酸装置的气体输送管道。该方法为先启动煤制甲醇装置；运行一定时间后，打开CO 2 连通管网并启动煤制醋酸装置，煤制醋酸装置运行过程中的合格气体用于制备醋酸、不合格气体由气体输送管道进入甲醇合成装置再利用。将甲醇制备过程中的副产物CO 2 回收至煤制甲醇装置及煤制醋酸装置中，大大减少了CO 2 的排放量，将煤制醋酸过程中产生的有效气体用于甲醇及醋酸的制备，增加了甲醇及醋酸产量，具有显著的经济社会效益。

从含碳燃料化学循环生产合成气

提出了一种用于将气体、液体或固体燃料选择性转化成在H 2 /CO比率方面灵活的合成气规格的反应器配置。这种反应器和系统配置可以配合特定的氧载体与烃类燃料的摩尔比、特定的运行温度和压力范围和同向流向下的移动床系统使用。对移动床还原器来说，对与所述特定运行参数相配合注入CO 2 料流的概念提出了权利要求，其中对于水蒸气和CO 2 两者来说在所述反应器系统中的注入位置是灵活的，以便使所述系统的碳效率最大化。

Method of managing carbon reduction for hydrocarbon producers

A method and means is disclosed for managing the reduction of carbon during product transport for a large number of hydrocarbon fuel producers within a given geographic region. This reduction of carbon is accomplished at a few major sequestration hubs located within the geographic region where the sequestration hubs themselves pass through or near major carbon dioxide sequestration facilities. The method includes reducing the amount of carbon in the product and providing a carbon credit or a carbon tax benefit to the producer as an additional alternative available to the producer than acquiring a carbon credit, paying a carbon tax or installing on-site capture and sequestration facilities.

Partial oxidation reaction with closed cycle quench

본 발명은 고체 또는 액체 탄화수소 또는 탄소질 연료를 사용할 때에 완전한 탄소 포집과 함께 고효율 동력 생산을 구현하도록 적용된 동력 생산 시스템에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게는, 상기 고체 또는 액체 연료는 먼저 부분 산화 반응기 내에서 부분적으로 산화된다. 연료 가스를 포함하는 결과물인 부분 산화된 스트림은 퀀치되고, 여과되며, 냉각되고, 이후에 연소 연료로서 동력 생산 시스템의 연소기로 안내된다. 상기 부분적으로 산화된 스트림은 압축된 재순환 CO 2 스트림 및 산소와 결합된다. 상기 연소 스트림은 동력을 생성하도록 터빈에 걸쳐 팽창되며, 레큐퍼레이터 열 교환기를 통과한다. 팽창되고 냉각된 배기 스트림은 상기 재순환 CO 2 스트림을 제공하도록 세척되며, 이는 압축되고 상기 복합 시스템들에 증가된 효율을 제공하기에 유용한 방식으로 상기 레큐퍼레이터 열 교환기 및 상기 POX 열 교환기를 통과한다.

A kind of removing of enhancing chemical chain gasification hydrogen production process tar and CO2The method of trapping

本发明涉及利用CaO改性复合吸收剂协同增强化学链气化制氢过程焦油脱除与CO 2 捕集的方法。本发明通过CaO改性复合吸收剂各成分的协同作用，化学链气化以焦油分解和积碳消除更容易发生的反应路径进行，增强了焦油脱除效果、减少了焦油积碳覆盖CaO捕集CO 2 的分子活性位。同时，吸收剂的循环碳酸化反应活性、机械强度和抗磨损性能得到提高。本发明有利于减少新鲜CaO吸收剂的补充量、降低化学链气化系统的投资和运行成本。

Chemical looping syngas production from carbonaceous fuels

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO 2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydro genation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO 2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Chemical looping syngas production from carbonaceous fuels

A reactor configuration is proposed for selectively converting gaseous, liquid or solid fuels to a syngas specification which is flexible in terms of H 2 /CO ratio. This reactor and system configuration can be used with a specific oxygen carrier to hydro-carbon fuel molar ratio, a specific range of operating temperatures and pressures, and a co-current downward moving bed system. The concept of a CO 2 stream injected in-conjunction with the specified operating parameters for a moving bed reducer is claimed, wherein the injection location in the reactor system is flexible for both steam and CO 2 such that, carbon efficiency of the system is maximized.

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Partial oxidation reaction with closed cycle quench

본 발명은 고체 또는 액체 탄화수소 또는 탄소질 연료를 사용할 때에 완전한 탄소 포집과 함께 고효율 동력 생산을 구현하도록 적용된 동력 생산 시스템에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게는, 상기 고체 또는 액체 연료는 먼저 부분 산화 반응기 내에서 부분적으로 산화된다. 연료 가스를 포함하는 결과물인 부분 산화된 스트림은 퀀치되고, 여과되며, 냉각되고, 이후에 연소 연료로서 동력 생산 시스템의 연소기로 안내된다. 상기 부분적으로 산화된 스트림은 압축된 재순환 CO 2 스트림 및 산소와 결합된다. 상기 연소 스트림은 동력을 생성하도록 터빈에 걸쳐 팽창되며, 레큐퍼레이터 열 교환기를 통과한다. 팽창되고 냉각된 배기 스트림은 상기 재순환 CO 2 스트림을 제공하도록 세척되며, 이는 압축되고 상기 복합 시스템들에 증가된 효율을 제공하기에 유용한 방식으로 상기 레큐퍼레이터 열 교환기 및 상기 POX 열 교환기를 통과한다. The present invention relates to a power generation system applied to realize high efficiency power generation with full carbon capture when using solid or liquid hydrocarbons or carbonaceous fuels. More specifically, the solid or liquid fuel is first partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor. The resulting partially oxidized stream comprising fuel gas is quenched, filtered, cooled and then directed to the combustor of the power production system as combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with the compressed recycle CO 2 stream and oxygen. The combustion stream expands across the turbine to generate power and passes through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream is washed to provide the recycle CO 2 stream, which is compressed and passes through the recuperator heat exchanger and the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful for providing increased efficiency to the composite systems. .

Processing biomass

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product.

Processing biomass

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product.

Processing biomass

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product.

Gas turbine oxidant separation system

In one embodiment, a system includes a gas turbine system, having: a turbine driven by combustion products produced by a turbine combustion system; and a separation unit positioned between turbine stages of the turbine, wherein the separation unit separates oxygen out of the combustion products. The separation unit may include an ion transport membrane.

Process and system for converting carbonaceous feedstocks into energy without greenhouse gas emissions

The process and system of the invention converts carbonaceous feedstock such as coal, hydrocarbon oil, natural gas, petroleum coke, oil shale, carbonaceous-containing waste oil, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, carbonaceous-containing hazardous waste, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, and mixtures thereof into electrical energy without the production of unwanted greenhouse emissions. The process and system uses a combination of a gasifier, e.g., a kiln, operating in the exit range of at least 700° to about 1600° C. (1300–2900° F.) to convert the carbonaceous feedstock and a greenhouse gas stream into a synthesis gas comprising mostly carbon monoxide and hydrogen without the need for expensive catalysts and or high pressure operations. One portion of the synthesis gas from the gasifier becomes electrochemically oxidized in an electricity-producing fuel cell into an exit gas comprising carbon dioxide and water. The latter is recycled back to the gasifier after a portion of water is condensed out. The second portion of the synthesis gas from the gasifier is converted into useful hydrocarbon products.

Thermal sensing system

A temperature measurement system for a gasifier may employ a first stage gasifier with a refractory wall that defines a first stage gasifier volume. A protruding refractory brick may protrude from the first stage refractory wall and into a gaseous flow path of the first stage gasifier volume. The temperature sensor may reside completely through the refractory wall, which may be a plurality of brick layers, except for a tip end of a temperature sensor that may reside in a blind or non-through hole within the protruding refractory brick. The protruding refractory brick protrudes beyond a normal wall surface of the plurality of brick layers that defines the first stage gasifier volume. The protruding refractory brick may have a face that forms an angle that is not 90 degrees, such as 45 degrees, relative to the gaseous flow path of the fluid stream through the first stage gasifier volume.

A kind of CO2Four fluidized-bed gasification furnace reaction unit of near-zero release and gasification process

本发明公开一种CO 2 近零排放四流化床气化炉反应装置及气化方法。本发明首先公开四流化床气化炉反应装置，该装置包括鼓泡床气化炉、提升管燃烧炉、提升管还原炉和鼓泡床氧化炉。本发明进一步公开了利用上述装置进行气化的方法。本发明四流化床气化炉反应装置在进行水蒸气对煤/生物质等燃料高效气化的同时实现了CO 2 的富集，既能够将煤/生物质等燃料转化为高热值水煤气，又能实现CO 2 近零排放；同时采用流化床化学链制氧工艺，避免了常规空分制氧所造成的大量能耗，有助于提升气化炉运行的经济性。

One kind is based on CO before chemical chain making oxygen by air separation and burning2The electricity generation system of trapping

本发明公开一种基于化学链空分制氧和燃烧前CO 2 捕集的发电系统，所述发电系统包括：氧化还原单元、气化反应器、除尘器、水煤气变换单元、脱硫装置、脱碳单元、燃气轮机装置和余热锅炉‑蒸汽轮机装置；所述氧化还原单元、气化反应器、除尘器、水煤气变换单元、脱硫装置、脱碳单元、燃气轮机装置和余热锅炉‑蒸汽轮机装置依次通过管路连接。本发明的发电系统通过化学链空分制氧可以代替传统的深冷空分制氧，解决整体煤气化联合循环纯氧来源的问题，从而实现了化学链空分制氧过程的载氧体循环再生。本发明的发电系统通过燃烧前二氧化碳捕集，可以实现二氧化碳近零排放。

Reducing the carbon emissions intensity of a fuel

Techniques for reducing a carbon emissions intensity of a fuel includes injecting a carbon dioxide fluid into a first wellbore; producing a hydrocarbon fluid from a second wellbore to a terranean surface; and producing a fuel from the produced hydrocarbon fluid, the fuel including a low-carbon fuel and assigned an emissions credit based on a source of the carbon dioxide fluid.

Reducing the carbon emissions intensity of a fuel

Reducing the carbon emissions intensity of a fuel

Techniques for reducing a carbon emissions intensity of a fuel includes injecting a carbon dioxide fluid into a first wellbore; producing a hydrocarbon fluid from a second wellbore to a terranean surface; and producing a fuel from the produced hydrocarbon fluid, the fuel including a low-carbon fuel and assigned an emissions credit based on a source of the carbon dioxide fluid.

System and method for conveying a solid fuel in a carrier gas

提供用于气化操作的系统。系统可使用含碳气体作为设备操作的一部分。系统可包括气化器和固体燃料供给器。固体燃料供给器能够在气化器的起动时期期间且还在稳态时期期间将含碳运载气体中的固体燃料供给到气化器。

Full steam gasification with carbon trapping

用于带有碳捕集的全蒸汽气化的含碳燃料气化系统包括微粉化焦炭制备系统，其包括接收固体含碳燃料、氢气、氧气和流化蒸汽并在出口处产生微粉化焦炭、蒸汽、挥发物、氢气和挥发物的脱挥发分装置。间接气化器包括容器，该容器包括接收微粉化焦炭、输送流体和蒸汽的气化室。气化室在一个或多个出口处产生合成气、灰分和蒸汽。燃烧室接收氢气和氧化剂的混合物并且燃烧氢气和氧化剂的混合物以提供用于气化和加热流入物流的热量，从而产生蒸汽和氮气。通过使难熔沙子循环将用于气化的热量从燃烧室转移到气化室。本发明的系统生产用于诸如具有CCS、CTL和多联产装置的IGCC的应用的无氮高氢合成气。

Multi-reaction process for forming a product gas from solid carbonaceous material

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H 2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H 2 O and CO 2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

Method for reducing the carbon footprint of a conversion process

A method is described for reducing the carbon footprint of any commercially important industrial conversion process. The output of this conversion process can be combustible fuels, chemicals, electricity or heat energy. In its broadest form, a carbon negative module outputs energy to a conversion energy and this energy replaces conventional fossil-fuel based energy. A sequesterable carbonaceous solid is produced by the carbon negative process which represents a net carbon withdrawal from the atmosphere.

Membrane reactor for H2S, CO2 and H2 separation

A system for the selective removal of CO 2 , H 2 S, and H 2 from a gaseous fluid mixture comprising CO 2 , H 2 S, and H 2 , which system includes a first membrane section having a nonporous metal oxide membrane, a second membrane section having a CO 2 -selective membrane, and a third membrane section having an H 2 -selective membrane. Each membrane section has a feed side and a permeate side and the membrane sections are arranged in series whereby the gaseous fluid mixture contacts the feed side, in sequence, of the first membrane section, the second membrane section and the third membrane section, resulting first in the separation or removal of H 2 S, second in the separation or removal of CO 2 , and third in the separation or removal of H 2 . The process can be used to process synthesis gas generated from the gasification or reforming of carbonaceous materials for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture.

Methods of recycling carbon dioxide to the gasification system

Method of producing syngas in an IGCC system, comprising compressing and heating carbon dioxide-rich gas to produce heated compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas, mixing the heated compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas with oxygen and feedstock to form a feedstock mixture, subjecting the feedstock mixture to gasification to produce syngas, cooling the syngas in a radiant syngas cooler, contacting syngas cooled in the radiant syngas cooler with compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas to further cool the syngas, and removing an amount of carbon dioxide-rich gas from the product mixture and compressing the removed carbon dioxide-rich gas prior to mixing with oxygen and feedstock.

Methods of recycling carbon dioxide to the gasification system

Method of producing syngas in an IGCC system, comprising compressing and heating carbon dioxide-rich gas to produce heated compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas, mixing the heated compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas with oxygen and feedstock to form a feedstock mixture, subjecting the feedstock mixture to gasification to produce syngas, cooling the syngas in a radiant syngas cooler, contacting syngas cooled in the radiant syngas cooler with compressed carbon dioxide-rich gas to further cool the syngas, and removing an amount of carbon dioxide-rich gas from the product mixture and compressing the removed carbon dioxide-rich gas prior to mixing with oxygen and feedstock.

Integration of reforming/water splitting and electrochemical systems for power generation with integrated carbon capture

High efficiency electricity generation processes and systems with substantially zero CO 2 emissions are provided. A closed looping between the unit that generates gaseous fuel (H 2 , CO, etc) and the fuel cell anode side is formed. In certain embodiments, the heat and exhaust oxygen containing gas from the fuel cell cathode side are also utilized for the gaseous fuel generation. The resulting power generation efficiencies are improved due to the minimized steam consumption for the gaseous fuel production in the fuel cell anode loop as well as the strategic mass and energy integration schemes.

Synthetic fuels and chemicals production with in-situ CO2 capture

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO 2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO 2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Thermal sensing system

가스화장치를 위한 온도 측정 시스템은 제 1 스테이지 가스화장치 볼륨을 규정하는 내화재 벽을 갖는 제 1 스테이지 가스화장치를 이용할 수 있다. 돌출형 내화재 벽돌은 제 1 스테이지 내화재 벽으로부터 제 1 스테이지 가스화장치 볼륨의 기체 유로로 돌출될 수 있다. 온도 센서는 내화재 벽을 통하도록 완전히 배치될 수 있고, 이것은 돌출형 내화재 벽돌 내의 블라인드 또는 비-관통 구멍에 배치될 수 있는 온도 센서의 팁 단부를 제외하고, 복수의 벽돌 층들일 수 있다. 돌출형 내화재 벽돌은 제 1 스테이지 가스화장치 볼륨을 규정하는 복수의 벽돌 층들의 정상 벽 표면을 지나 돌출한다. 돌출형 내화재 벽돌은 제 1 스테이지 가스화장치 볼륨을 통해 유체 스트림의 기체 유로에 대해 45도와 같이 90도가 아닌 각도를 형성하는 면을 가질 수 있다.

Gasification apparatus having electricity generating device of organic rankine cycle for treating combustible waste

The present invention relates to an apparatus for gasifying combustible waste, which includes an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) electricity generation apparatus, and the objective of the present invention is to fundamentally prevent formation of nitrogen oxides by preventing nitrogen from flowing into a reactor and supply steam to the reactor to produce a large amount of hydrogen. To this end, the apparatus for gasifying combustible waste comprises: an oxidation-reduction reactor (20) burning combustible waste; and an ORC electricity generation apparatus (30) disposed on the rear side of the oxidation-reduction reactor (20) to produce steam and electricity by an ORC. The ORC electricity generation apparatus (30) includes: an evaporator (31) receiving high-temperature gas from the oxidation-reduction reactor (20) to perform heat-exchange; a turbine (32) and a generator (33) converting fluid energy into mechanical energy to produce electricity; a condenser (34) condensing the gas passing through the turbine (32); a cooling tower (35) disposed on the rear side of the condenser (34); a pump (37) supplying a fluid condensed in the condenser (34) to the evaporator; a steam generator (36) generating steam in a heat exchange process between the high-temperature gas and water and supplying the steam to the oxidation-reduction reactor (20); and a water supply pump (38) supplying the water to the steam generator (36).

Methods of recycling carbon dioxide to the gasification system

一种在IGCC系统中制备合成气的方法，所述方法包括压缩和加热富二氧化碳气，以产生经加热压缩的富二氧化碳气，将加热压缩的富二氧化碳气与氧和原料混合，以形成原料混合物，使原料混合物经过气化，以产生合成气，使合成气在辐射合成气冷却器(144)中冷却，使在辐射合成气冷却器中冷却的合成气与压缩的富二氧化碳气接触，以进一步冷却合成气，从产物混合物去除一定量富二氧化碳气，并在与氧和原料混合前压缩去除的富二氧化碳气。

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation plant

本发明提供一种煤气化复合发电设备。在被导入煤的气化炉(9)中气化的燃料气体在燃烧器(17)燃烧。废热回收锅炉(23)通过从具备该燃烧器(17)的燃气轮机(16)导出的废气，来产生蒸气。在废热回收锅炉(23)中产生的蒸气被向蒸气轮机(25)引导。并且，发电机(21)由蒸气轮机(25)及燃气轮机(16)驱动而进行发电。从燃气轮机(16)导出的废气的一部分被向二氧化碳回收装置(13)引导而回收二氧化碳。通过该二氧化碳，将煤向气化炉(9)输送。

A process and relating apparatus to make pure bio- methanol from a syngas originated from wastes gasification

A process, and relating apparatus, for producing methanol from a carbon-matrix waste gasification, without any emission, and in particular emission of nitrogen and sulphur, comprising the following step: -a high temperature conversion (100) of waste to syngas; - a pretreatment step (120) to remove from raw syngas particulate, bulk of metals, chlorines and NH 3 compounds; - a single compression step (160) followed by dechlorine/demetalization reactors (180); - a syngas R ratio adjustment (200) with sulphur and C02 removal; - a final compression (202) to 70-90 barg for the methanol synthesis (204); - a purification step (205) of the purge from the methanol reactor (204) to make pure H2 to be recycled back at the entrance of the same reactor (204) and an off-gas (206) to be recycled back to the HT waste converter (100), wherein both the HT conversion (100) of the waste to syngas and the pretreatment (120) to remove from syngas particulare, bulk of metals chlorines and NH3, are made through a plurality of HT converters and a pretreatment unit for each of said Ht converters, depending of the plant capacity, and the R ratio adjustment is carried out by a water gas shift (WGS) in "sour"(200A) or "sweet" (200B) environment. An advantage of the present process and apparatus is the ability to re-align the R ratio to the proper value for the methanol synthesis.

System and method for interoperability between carbon capture system, carbon emission system, carbon transport system, and carbon usage system

Systems and methods are disclosed herein for enhancing interoperability of a plant. Such systems and methods include a carbon emission, capture, transport, and usage model. The carbon emission, capture, transport, and usage model is capable of modeling interrelationships of inputs, outputs, and requirements between a carbon emitting plant, the carbon capture process, a carbon transportation system, and a carbon usage system. The carbon emitting plant is capable of producing a product having a carbonaceous substance. The carbon capture process is capable of capturing at least a portion of the carbonaceous substance from the product as a carbonaceous gas. The carbon transportation system is capable of transporting the carbonaceous gas from the carbon capture process to the carbon usage system. The carbon usage system is capable of receiving the carbonaceous gas transported by the carbon transportation system.

Calcium looping process for high purity hydrogen production intergrated with capture of carbon dioxide, sulfur and halides

A process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: (i) gasifying a fuel into a raw synthesis gas comprising CO, hydrogen, steam, sulfur and halide contaminants in the form of H 2 S, COS, and HX, wherein X is a halide; (ii) passing the raw synthesis gas through a water gas shift reactor (WGSR) into which CaO and steam are injected, the CaO reacting with the shifted gas to remove CO 2 , sulfur and halides in a solid-phase calcium-containing product comprising CaCO 3 , CaS and CaX 2 ; (iii) separating the solid-phase calcium-containing product from an enriched gaseous hydrogen product; and (iv) regenerating the CaO by calcining the solid-phase calcium-containing product at a condition selected from the group consisting of: in the presence of steam, in the presence of CO 2 , in the presence of synthesis gas, in the presence of H 2 and O 2 , under partial vacuum, and combinations thereof.

Processing biomass

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product.

Integration of reforming/water splitting and electrochemical systems for power generation with integrated carbon capture

提供基本零CO 2 排放的高效发电方法和系统。形成了在产生气态燃料(H 2 、CO等)的单元与燃料电池阳极侧之间的闭合回路。在某些实施方案中，对于气态燃料产生也利用来自燃料电池阴极侧的热和含氧排出气体。该用于转化燃料的系统可包括配置用于实施氧化-还原反应的反应器。所得发电效率由于在燃料电池阳极回路中用于气态燃料生产的最小化蒸汽消耗以及战略性质量和能量集成方案而改进。

A method and a system of recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) coking said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce decoked hydrocarbon and coke; (iv) combusting said coke to generate steam and/or energy and CO 2 ; (v) upgrading said decoked hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (v) adding a diluent to the decoked hydrocarbon prior to upgrading and/or adding a diluent to the upgraded hydrocarbon; wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of steam and/or energy and diluent.

Ammonia production by integrated intensified processes

An ammonia production process is disclosed. The process uses gasification of biomass waste and the like to produce syngas which, using an integrated system including using nitrogen enriched air and a porous coated catalyst, produces ammonia in a plasma reactor. The ammonia is finally recovered using sulphonated PolyHIPE Polymer which can be used as a fertilizer after neutralisation.

Chain reaction hydrogen production system and hydrogen production method

本发明公开了一种链式反应制氢系统及制氢方法，系统包括：还原反应装置、第一分离装置、制氢反应装置、第二分离装置、第一传热装置和冷却净化装置，本发明从链式燃烧反应机理出发，利用MeO/Me在制氢反应装置和还原反应装置之间循环流动分别发生还原/氧化化学反应并将传统的碳基固体燃料转化为高纯度清洁氢能。方法则利用上述系统进行氢气的制备。本发明相比传统水煤气变换合成气制氢技术，能够降低制氢工艺的水耗、能耗以及对环境的污染；可利用太阳能等可再生能源，将传统碳基燃料转化为清洁氢能，并实现CO 2 气体的高效捕集和封存；本发明的金属氧化物可以通过链式反应循环利用，实现氢气的低成本、可持续稳定生产。

System and method for conveying a solid fuel in a carrier gas

Systems are provided for gasification operations. The systems may use carbonous gas as part of plant operations. The systems may include a gasifier and a solid fuel feeder. The solid fuel feeder is capable of feeding solid fuel in a carbonous carrier gas to the gasifier during a startup period and also during a steady state period of the gasifier.

A kind of system and method for thermal power plant slightly burnt steam pyrolysis coal gas

本发明公开了一种火电厂粗焦水蒸汽热解制煤气的系统及方法，系统包括气化重整装置、气体净化分离装置和煤气储气罐；所述气化重整装置设有焦炭入料口、气化剂入口、蒸汽入口、混合气排出口、废液废渣排出口；所述蒸汽入口连通于所述火电厂的蒸汽管道，所述混合气排出口连通于所述气体净化分离装置；所述气体净化分离装置的煤气输出口连通于所述煤气储气罐，二氧化碳输出口连通于所述气化剂入口，废气排出口连通于火电厂锅炉的SCR装置；所述气化剂入口还连通于所述火电厂的烟气管道、空气管道、氧气管道中的一个或多个。本发明具有较高的环保和经济价值。

Gasification cooling system having seal

특정 실시형태의 시스템은 벨로즈를 구비한 환형 시일을 갖는 가스화 냉각 시스템을 포함한다. 예를 들어, 가스화 냉각 시스템은 입구, 출구, 및 상기 입구와 출구 사이의 내부를 갖는 하우징을 포함할 수 있는데, 상기 내부는 상기 입구에 인접한 스로트를 가지며, 상기 스로트는 상기 입구로부터 상기 출구 쪽으로 흐름 방향으로 팽창된다. 환형 시일은 하우징의 스로트 속에 배치될 수 있으며, 환형 시일은 벨로즈를 포함한다.

Thermal sensing system

A temperature measurement system for a gasifier may employ a first stage gasifier with a refractory wall that defines a first stage gasifier volume. A protruding refractory brick may protrude from the first stage refractory wall and into a gaseous flow path of the first stage gasifier volume. The temperature sensor may reside completely through the refractory wall, which may be a plurality of brick layers, except for a tip end of a temperature sensor that may reside in a blind or non-through hole within the protruding refractory brick. The protruding refractory brick protrudes beyond a normal wall surface of the plurality of brick layers that defines the first stage gasifier volume. The protruding refractory brick may have a face that forms an angle that is not 90 degrees, such as 45 degrees, relative to the gaseous flow path of the fluid stream through the first stage gasifier volume.

Co2 separation and recovery equipment, and a coal gasification combined power plant comprising co2 separation and recovery equipment

Provided are CO 2 separation and recovery equipment that yields a higher CO 2 recovery rate, and a coal gasification combined power plant including the CO 2 separation and recovery equipment with high plant efficiency. The CO 2 separation and recovery equipment of the invention, having a CO shift reactor in which a gas containing main components of CO and H 2 O is introduced and converted into CO 2 and H 2 , includes: an inlet valve that is provided on the inlet side of the CO shift reactor; an outlet valve that is provided on the outlet side of the CO shift reactor; a steam control valve for applying high-temperature steam to a foregoing part of the inlet valve; and a gas composition analyzer that senses a gas composition of a stream flowing into the CO shift reactor. The steam control valve is controlled by the difference in the molar amount of CO and H 2 O that is calculated from the analysis results of the gas composition analyzer, and the inlet valve and the outlet valve of the CO shift reactor are controlled on the basis of the catalyst tank temperature of the CO shift reactor.

Partial oxidation reaction with closed cycle quench

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with complete carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor. The resulting partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas is quenched, filtered, cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle CO 2 stream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream is scrubbed to provide the recycle CO 2 stream, which is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems.

Gasifier having integrated fuel cell power generation system

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H 2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H 2 O and CO 2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

A method of processing lignocellulosic biomass

Hydrothermal carbonization process.

L’invention concerne un procédé de carbonisation hydrothermale de biomasse contenant de la matière organique, ledit procédé comprenant : - l’injection de la biomasse, d’un fluide caloporteur et d’un réactif dans un réacteur (1), - la mise en circulation d’un mélange constitué par la biomasse, le fluide caloporteur et le réactif sous des conditions de pression et températures spécifiques permettant la transformation de la matière organique par carbonisation hydrothermale. L’invention consiste en ce que : 1) on détermine le taux de production de gaz émis Te lors de la réaction de carbonisation hydrothermale ; 2) on compare ledit taux de production de gaz émis Te déterminé avec une valeur de taux de production de gaz de consigne prédéfinie Tc, et3) on ajuste au moins l’un des paramètres de pilotage de la réaction choisi parmi la température au sein du réacteur (1), la quantité de réactif injecté, et le temps de résidence dans le réacteur, pour ajuster le taux de production de gaz émis Te, de sorte que la valeur de ce taux de production de gaz émis Te tend à être égale à la valeur du taux de production de gaz de consigne Tc. Application au traitement de la biomasse contenant de la matière organique. Figure 1.

Apparatus and method for introducing renewable fuels into the region of the radiation vessel wall of gasification reactors

Vorrichtung zum Einleiten von nachwachsenden Brennstoffen in den Bereich der Strahlungskesselwand von Vergasungsreaktoren, umfassend • einen Reaktionsraum, der zur Vergasung von festen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen durch Umsetzung mit einem sauerstoffhaltigen oder wasserdampf- und sauerstoffhaltigen Gas geeignet ist, und der mit Brennern ausgestattet ist, • einen zweiten Raum, der als Abkühlraum gestaltet ist, und der in Gasströmungsrichtung unterhalb des Reaktionsraumes angeordnet ist, wobei dieser Abkühlraum mit Zuführungseinrichtungen für gasförmige, dampfförmige und flüssige Kühlmedien ausgestattet ist, wobei • wenigstens ein Teil der gasströmungsgerichteten Ausdehnung des Abkühlraumes mit einer ringförmigen, an der inneren Wand des Abkühlraumes angeordneten Strahlungskesselwand ausgerüstet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass • der ringförmige Teil des Abkühlraumes, in dem die Strahlungskesselwand angeordnet ist, mit Brennern ausgerüstet wird, die durch die Strahlungskesselwand hindurch in den Abkühlraum hineinführen, durch die ein nachwachsender Brennstoff in den Abkühlraum einleitbar ist, wobei • innerhalb des Abkühlraumes Rohre angeordnet sind, die in Gasströmungsrichtung von einem Kühlmedium durchströmbar sind, und die durch ihre parallele Anordnung in konzentrische Richtung auf die geometrische Mittelachse des Abkühlraumes angeordnet sind, und sich um die konzentrische Anordnung der Rohre eine weitere ringförmige Wand als Strahlungskesselwand befindet, und auf der Reaktionsraumseite der Strahlungskesselwand ringförmig um die geometrische Mittelachse des Reaktionsraumes Rohre verlaufen, die von einem Kühlmedium durchströmbar sind, und • die Brenner in dem Abkühlraum tangential angewinkelt zur Reaktorwand angeordnet sind, und mindestens ein Brenner mediendicht durch die gasdichte Strahlungskesselwand geführt wird.

Partial oxidation reaction with closed cycle quench

本發明與一種發電系統有關，其係適用以利用在使用一固體或液體碳氫或含碳燃料時完整的碳補捉(carbon capture)而實現高效率發電。更特定而言，該固體或液體燃料首先是在一局部氧化反應器中被局部氧化。所產生的局部氧化之氣流(其含有燃料氣體)係經淬冷、過濾、冷卻，並接著被引導至一發電系統的燃燒器作為燃燒燃料。該局部氧化之氣流係與一壓縮再循環二氧化碳氣流和氧結合，該燃燒氣流係於一渦輪機中膨脹發電，並通過一回流器熱交換器。經膨脹與冷卻之排放氣流係經洗滌，以提供該再循環二氧化碳氣流，其係經壓縮並通過該回流器熱交換器與該POX熱交換器，以用於對該結合系統提供提高之效率。

Processing biomass

Carbon-containing materials, such as biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or coal are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, carboxylic acids and equivalents thereof (e.g., esters and salts). For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol, butanol or organic acids (e.g., acetic or lactic acid), salts of organic acids or mixtures thereof. If desired, organic acids can be converted into alcohols, such as by first converting the acid, salt or mixtures of the acid and its salt to an ester, and then hydrogenating the formed ester. Acetogens or homoacetogens which are capable of utilizing a syngas from a thermochemical conversion of coal or biomass can be utilized to produce the desired product.

Ammonia production by integrated intensified processes

System and method for reducing the emission in chemical-looping combustion system

本发明提供了用于从燃烧后气体(19)中去除杂质的系统(60)，所述系统(60)包括氧化器(64)和可操作地连接到氧化器(64)的还原器(62)，所述还原器(62)构造成接收燃烧后气体(19)。该系统还包括能够在氧化器(64)和还原器(62)之间选择性循环的CLOU材料(66)。CLOU材料(66)进一步氧化燃烧后气体(19)中存在的杂质，以减少或去除所述杂质。

Thermal sensing system

A temperature measurement system for a gasifier may employ a first stage gasifier with a refractory wall that defines a first stage gasifier volume. A protruding refractory brick may protrude from the first stage refractory wall and into a gaseous flow path of the first stage gasifier volume. The temperature sensor may reside completely through the refractory wall, which may be a plurality of brick layers, except for a tip end of a temperature sensor that may reside in a blind or non-through hole within the protruding refractory brick. The protruding refractory brick protrudes beyond a normal wall surface of the plurality of brick layers that defines the first stage gasifier volume. The protruding refractory brick may have a face that forms an angle that is not 90 degrees, such as 45 degrees, relative to the gaseous flow path of the fluid stream through the first stage gasifier volume.

System and method for conveying a solid fuel in a carrier gas

Systems are provided for gasification operations. The systems may use carbonous gas as part of plant operations. The systems may include a gasifier and a solid fuel feeder. The solid fuel feeder is capable of feeding solid fuel in a carbonous carrier gas to the gasifier during a startup period and also during a steady state period of the gasifier.

Co2 separation and recovery equipment, and a coal gasification combined power plant comprising co2 separation and recovery equipment

A system and a method of recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes; (iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO2; (v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon, wherein said method is at least partially self- sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent.

Method and system for increasing carbon dioxide in process of gasification

本发明涉及一种增加气化中二氧化碳的方法和系统，本发明提供处理碳质材料的方法和系统。在一个或多个实施方案中，可以将碳质材料和水混合以提供浆状混合物。与碳质材料混合的水可以是液相的至少90％。在燃烧气体的存在下可以气化至少一部分浆状混合物以提供碳质固体和包括氢、一氧化碳和二氧化碳的合成气。合成气的温度可以是约400℃-约1650℃。至少一部分的碳质固体可以选择性地从合成气中分离以提供合成气产品和碳质固体。在氧化剂的存在下，可以燃烧至少一部分分离的碳质固体以提供至少一部分燃烧气体。