Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR FOR EMISSION-FREE GENERATION OF ENERGY

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M) and pyrolysis gas (M) are formed. In a second process stage (P), the pyrolysis coke (M) from the first process stage (P) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M) is formed, and slag and other residues (M M M M) are removed. In a third process stage (P), the synthesis gas (M) from the second process stage (P) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M), which are discharged. The three process stages (P P P) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M) from the third process stage (P) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P), and/or the second process stage (P), and pyrolysis gas (M) from the first process stage (P) is passed into the second process stage (P), and/or the third process stage (P). 1. A process for the emission-free generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products by utilization of carbonaceous materials , in which in a first process stage the carbonaceous materials are supplied and pyrolysed , wherein pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas are formed; in a second process stage , the pyrolysis coke from the first process stage is gasified , wherein synthesis gas is formed , and slag and other residues are removed; and in a third process stage , the synthesis gas from the second process stage is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid , liquid and/or gaseous products , which are discharged; wherein the three process stages form a closed cycle , surplus gas from the third process stage is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage and/or the second process stage , and the pyrolysis gas of the first process stage is passed into the second process stage and/or the third process stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is supplied in at least one ...

SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

A system and method of producing syngas is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that receives at least a first and second feedstock stream, such as a solid waste stream. The first and second feedstock streams are mixed and gasified to produce a first gas stream. An operating parameter is measured and a ratio of the first and second feedstock streams is changed in response to the measurement. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to a syngas comprising:a feedstock module configured to receive at least a first feedstock stream and a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream being different than the first feedstock stream, the feedstock module being further configured to mix the first feedstock stream and the second feedstock stream at a first ratio to produce a first refuse derived feedstock;an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to receiving the refuse derived feedstock, the first gas stream including hydrogen;a process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen;a first sensor arranged to measure a first operating parameter; anda control system coupled for communication to the feedstock module and the sensor, the control system having a processor responsive to executable computer instructions for changing the ratio of the first mixture of the first feedstock stream to the second feedstock stream to a second ratio in response to receiving the first parameter.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first operating parameter is a temperature of the syngas entering the process module.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second feedstock stream has a higher energy content than the first feedstock stream.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the temperature is ...

System for generating power from a syngas fermentation process

A system and process is provided for generating power from a syngas fermentation process. The process includes contacting hot syngas having a temperature above about 1400° F. with cooled syngas to produce a pre-cooled syngas having a temperature of 1400° F. or less at an inlet of a waste heat boiler. A waste heat boiler receives the pre-cooled syngas and is effective for producing waste heat boiler high pressure steam and a cooled syngas.

Production Of Acrylic Acid and Ethanol From Carbonaceous Materials

A process for producing acrylic acid from carbonaceous materials such as biomass. The carbonaceous material, such as biomass, is gasified to produce synthesis gas. The synthesis gas then is subjected to a plurality of reactions to produce acrylic acid. 13-. (canceled)4. A process for producing acrylic acid and ethanol from biomass comprising:(a) contacting said biomass with an oxidizing gas comprising oxygen and steam at a temperature of at least 550° C. and no greater than 800° C., thereby oxidizing said biomass;(b) treating at least a portion of said oxidized biomass produced in step (a) with an oxidizing gas comprising oxygen and steam to heat said oxidized biomass to a temperature which is at least 800° C. and does not exceed a maximum of 850° C.;(c) treating at least a portion of said oxidized biomass produced in step (b) with an oxidizing gas comprising oxygen and steam to heat said oxidized biomass to a temperature from about 800° C. to about 1500° C., thereby producing a crude synthesis gas;(d) purifying the crude synthesis gas to provide a purified synthesis gas;(e) reacting at least a portion of the carbon monoxide from said purified synthesis gas with hydrogen from said purified synthesis gas to provide methanol;(f) reacting said methanol in the presence of a dehydration catalyst to produce dimethyl ether;(g) reacting said dimethyl ether to provide a product comprising propylene and ethylene;(h) reacting said ethylene to produce ethanol; and(i) subjecting said propylene to one or more reaction steps to produce acrylic acid.5. The process of wherein claim 4 , in step (c) claim 4 , said biomass is heated to a temperature of from about 800° C. to about 1 claim 4 ,200° C.6. The process of wherein claim 5 , in step (c) claim 5 , said biomass is heated to a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1 claim 5 ,100° C.7. The process of wherein claim 6 , in step (c) claim 6 , said biomass is heated to a temperature of from about 925° C. to about 1 claim 6 ,000° C ...

APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE MATERIAL AND A PRODUCT GAS

The invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents. In the apparatus the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents are gasified at temperature between 600-950° C. in a fluidized bed reactor to form a gaseous material. The gaseous material is than cooled in a water quenching device so that temperature is between 300-500° C. after the cooling. The solid fraction including radioactive agents is removed from the gaseous material in a in at least one filtration device. A gas scrubbing device then removes sulphur by scrubbing the treated gaseous material after the filtration in order to form a treated gaseous material. 1. An apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents to form a treated gaseous material , the apparatus comprising:a fluidized bed reactor configured to gasify the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents from the group consisting of resins, clothes, contaminated wood, and contaminated vegetable matter, wherein the radioactive agents are low-level and/or medium-level radioactive agents, using air at an air ratio greater than zero and less than 1 at temperatures between 600-950° C. to form a gaseous material,a water quenching device configured to quench the gaseous material to temperature which is between 300-500° C. after cooling by water quenching to form a cooled gaseous material,a gas cleaning device configured to remove a solid fraction by filtration carried out at temperature between 300-500° C. in at least one filtration device, including removing the radioactive agents, from the cooled gaseous material and to form a treated gaseous material, anda gas scrubbing device configured to remove sulphur by scrubbing from the treated gaseous material after the filtration.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one heat exchanger for cooling the gaseous material.3. The ...

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthesis Gas

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure claim 1 , preferably greater than full vacuum and less than 600 psig claim 1 , more preferably between atmospheric pressure and 100 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas composition has a H2:CO ratio from about 0.5 to about 1.5 claim 1 , preferably about 0.8 to about 1.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous fuel material comprises biomass fuel selected from wood chips claim 1 , railway tie chips claim 1 , waste wood claim 1 , forestry waste claim 1 , sewage sludge claim 1 , pet coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) claim 1 , Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) claim 1 , or any combination.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the biomass fuel is formed by a chipping claim 4 , shredding claim 4 , extrusion claim 4 , mechanical processing claim 4 , compacting claim 4 , pelletizing claim 4 , granulating claim 4 , or crushing process.6. The process of claim 4 , where the biofuel has been sprayed with claim 4 , coated with or impregnated with liquid or solid carbonaceous materials.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PDX stage temperature is greater than 1250° C. claim 1 , or greater than the ash fusion temperature to create liquid slag.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising processing and cooling the tar free syngas to be used for ...

Thermal and chemical utilization of carbonaceous materials, in particular for emission-free generation of energy

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P 1 ) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) are formed. In a second process stage (P 2 ), the pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M 24 ) is formed, and slag and other residues (M 91 , M 92 , M 93 , M 94 ) are removed. In a third process stage (P 3 ), the synthesis gas (M 24 ) from the second process stage (P 2 ) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M 60 ), which are discharged. The three process stages (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M 25 ) from the third process stage (P 3 ) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P 1 ), and/or the second process stage (P 2 ), and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is passed into the second process stage (P 2 ), and/or the third process stage (P 3 ).

METHOD AND MEMBRANE MODULE FOR THE ENERGY-EFFICIENT OXYGEN GENERATION DURING BIOMASS GASIFICATION

The invention relates to a method and a membrane module for process-integrated oxygen generation during biomass gasification, wherein the oxygen is generated at high temperature via mixed conducting ceramic membranes. It is the object of the invention to provide a possibility for energy-efficient oxygen generation in biomass gasification for increasing the efficiency of the overall process. According to the invention, the disadvantages of the prior art are remedied in that a membrane module is heated directly by the synthesis gas from the biomass gasification. However, this heating should only meet less than 20%, typically less than 10% and, under optimal conditions, only approximately 5% of the heat requirement of the membrane module. The predominant portion of the heat required to heat the fresh air is taken from the exhaust air of the membrane module through heat exchange. 17.-. (canceled)8. A method for energy-efficient oxygen generation in biomass gasification , wherein the method uses a membrane module with mixed conducting oxygen-permeable membranes for generating high purity oxygen , wherein gas exiting the membrane module is used to heat incoming fresh air , more than 50% of heat energy contained in the gas exiting the membrane module being utilized to preheat the fresh air , and wherein further heating of the fresh air to a temperature level of 800 to 900° C. is carried out by direct feeding of combustion gas or synthesis gas from the biomass gasification into a combustion space of the membrane module.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a vacuum is generated inside the mixed conducting oxygen-permeable membranes by an electromechanical or mechanical vacuum pump or by a steam ejector.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the combustion gas or synthesis gas from the biomass gasification is fed into a gas engine of a CHP plant claim 8 , and a mechanical vacuum pump is mechanically coupled to the gas engine.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the combustion gas ...

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

Carbonaceous substance gasification system and method

A carbonaceous substance powder gasification system and gasification method. The system comprises a carbonaceous substance reaction apparatus and a gas return apparatus used for raising the pressure of some of a raw syngas cooled and preliminarily purified downstream of the reaction apparatus, then blending with high-temperature raw syngas upstream of the reaction apparatus and reducing the temperature. The method comprises reacting in a gasification reaction apparatus the carbonaceous substance and a gasification agent to generate raw syngas and ash and slag, some of the high-temperature raw syngas moving downstream with fly ash and liquid slag, and some of the high-temperature syngas moving upstream with fly ash; the downstream part of the high-temperature raw syngas being cooled, preliminarily purified and deslagged, then pressurized, and the wet raw syngas being injected into the system and blended with the upstream high-temperature raw syngas; the remainder of the high-temperature syngas moving upstream with fly ash and blending and cooling with the low-temperature wet syngas injected by the preliminary cooler, and optionally being entered into the cooling reaction stage; the cooled or cooling-reacted raw syngas continuing upstream, passing through the upper cooling stage and cooling again and ash being removed to obtain the raw syngas.

Method for Gasifying Feedstock with High Yield Production of Biochar

A downdraft gasifier and method of gasification with high yield biochar that utilizes a plurality of high throughput, vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. A rotating and vertically adjustable rotating grate is located beneath the reduction zone of the gasifier. In addition, a drying zone is located above the pyrolysis zone so the heat of the gasifier can be used to dry feedstock before it enters the gasifier. By optimizing the grate height and rpm, feedstock retention time in the drying zone, the drying zone temperature and feedstock moisture content, the result is gasification of biomass with a high yield and continuous biochar production. 1. A method of gasifying feedstock with a high yield of biochar comprising:Filling a gasifier with feedstock; said gasifier comprising a plurality of conjoined and vertically positioned tubes having an interior wall, an exterior wall, a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end provides an inlet and the distal end provides an outlet, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone and a reduction zone;Drying the feedstock;Igniting the feedstock to create an oxidation band;Injecting oxidant streams into the oxidation zone using at least two rings of plano air inlets;Moving feedstock sequentially from the drying zone through the pyrolysis zone where the feedstock begins to decompose, then through an oxidation zone where the feedstock begins to change to producer gas and then through a reduction zone where the change to producer gas is completed, the gas cools and separates from the biochar;Holding feedstock and a bed of biochar inside the gasifier using a rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below the reduction zone, said position of the grate forming a variably sized bypass between the grate and the reduction zone;Removing biochar through the rotating grate and the bypass;Removing ...

PARALLEL PATH, DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER APPARATUS AND METHOD

A method for using a downdraft gasifier comprising a housing and a refractory stack contained within the housing. The refractory stack may comprise various sections. Apertures in the sections may be aligned to form multiple columnar cavities. Each columnar cavity may comprise an individual oxidation zone. The method of use may include the steps of placing a feedstock into an upper portion of the refractory stack, measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity, and adjusting the flow of oxygen to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range. 1. A method comprising: a housing,', 'a refractory stack contained within the housing and comprising a plurality of sections formed of refractory, the plurality of sections comprising a lower manifold, at least one intermediate section resting on and extending upward from the lower manifold, and an upper manifold resting on and extending upward from the at least one intermediate section, and', 'the refractory stack wherein the upper manifold and the at least one intermediate section each comprise a plurality of apertures extending vertically therethrough, the plurality of apertures of the upper manifold aligning with the plurality of apertures of the at least one intermediate section to form a plurality of columnar cavities, each extending from the upper manifold to the lower manifold and placing the upper manifold in communication with the lower manifold;, 'selecting a downdraft gasifier comprisingplacing a feedstock into the upper manifold;measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity of the plurality of columnar cavities; andadjusting the flow of at least one gas selected form the group consisting of oxygen, oxygen enriched air, and air to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting comprises increasing the flow of the at least one ...

Method for producing an organic substance

Provided is a method for producing an organic substance, in which an organic material (metabolite) derived from a microorganism is reduced while retaining a nutritive substance in an organic substance-containing solution discharged from a fermentation tank containing the microorganism, whereby various nutritional elements contained in the organic substance-containing solution can be reused with high efficiency. A method for producing an organic substance by the microbial fermentation of a synthetic gas containing at least carbon monoxide, the method comprising a synthetic gas supply step of supplying the synthetic gas into a fermentation tank containing a microorganism, a fermentation step of subjecting the synthetic gas to microbial fermentation in the fermentation tank, an aerobic fermentation treatment step of subjecting at least a portion of a liquid produced in the fermentation step to an aerobic fermentation treatment in a liquid waste treatment unit, and a recycling step of supplying a liquid produced in the aerobic fermentation treatment step to the fermentation tank, wherein the aerobic fermentation treatment step is carried out in the presence of a nitrifying bacterium inhibitor.

Waste gasification melting apparatus and waste gasification melting method using the same

Problem to be Solved To provide a waste gasification melting apparatus which, even if a fuel gas is used as an alternative to a part of the coke, the temperature of the coke bed can be sufficiently raised, and a method using the same. Solution A waste gasification melting apparatus including an oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 for blowing oxygen rich air into a tuyere 5 , and a fuel gas supply apparatus 15 for supplying a fuel gas to the tuyere 5 , and a controller 16 for controlling the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 ; the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 mixing air and oxygen to prepare oxygen rich air and supply the oxygen rich air to the tuyere 5 ; and the controller 16 controlling the amount of air to be mixed and the amount of oxygen to be mixed in the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 so as to give an oxygen concentration of the oxygen rich air in accordance with the amount of fuel gas supplied to the tuyere 5 from the fuel gas supply apparatus 15.

Solids circulation system and method for capture and conversion of reactive solids with fluidized bed temperature control

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

Two-stage syngas production with separate char and product gas inputs into the second stage

A two-stage syngas production method to produce a final product gas from a carbonaceous material includes producing a first product gas in a first reactor, separating char from the first product gas to produce separated char and char-depleted product gas, and separately reacting the separated char and the char-depleted product gas with an oxygen-containing gas in a second reactor to produce a final product gas. The separated char is introduced into the second reactor above the char-depleted product gas. The solids separation device may include serially connected cyclones, and the separated char may be entrained in a motive fluid in an eductor to produce a char and motive fluid mixture prior to being transferred to the second reactor. A biorefinery method produces a purified product from the final product gas.

Method of producing product gas from multiple carbonaceous feedstock streams mixed with a reduced-pressure mixing gas

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

Gasification system

A gasification system method and apparatus to convert a feed stream containing at least some organic material into synthesis gas having a first region, a second region, a gas solid separator, and a means for controlling the flow of material from the first region to the second region. The feed stream is introduced into the system, and the feed stream is partially oxidized in the first region thereby creating a solid material and a gas material. The method further includes the steps of separating at least a portion of the solid material from the gas material with the gas solid separator, controlling the flow of the solid material into the second region from the first region, and heating the solid material in the second region with an electrical means.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER PRODUCTION USING PARTIAL OXIDATION

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production using partial oxidation of a solid or liquid fuel to form a partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas. This fuel gas stream can be one or more of quenched, filtered, and cooled before being directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle COstream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream can be further processed to provide the recycle COstream, which is compressed and passed through one or more recuperator heat exchangers in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems. 1. A process for the production of power using a combination of a partial oxidation (POX) system and a power production system (PPS) , the process comprising:combining a solid or liquid fuel and oxygen in a POX reactor under conditions sufficient to partially oxidize the fuel and form a POX stream comprising a fuel gas at a first temperature;removing from the POX stream comprising the fuel gas at least a portion of any solid components or gaseous components that do not form part of the fuel gas;cooling the POX stream comprising the fuel gas in a POX heat exchanger to a second, lower temperature;purifying the POX stream comprising the fuel gas by removing at least a portion of any liquid water and acid gases therefrom and thus forming a stream of the fuel gas;compressing the stream of the fuel gas to a pressure of about 12 MPa or greater;combusting the stream of the fuel gas in a PPS combustor to form a combustion product stream at a pressure of at least about 10 MPa and a temperature of at least about 800° C.;expanding the combustion product stream across a PPS turbine to generate power and form an expanded PPS combustion ...

System and processes for upgrading synthetic gas produced from waste materials, municipal solid waste or biomass

A system and process for producing synthetic gas from solid fuel comprising waste material, municipal solid waste or biomass, and for upgrading the synthetic gas produced. The system and process utilizes a first thermal chamber having a gasification zone in which a fuel stream is gasified by thermal oxidation to produce a first synthetic gas stream and heat; a pyrolysis reactor housed within the first thermal chamber where fuel undergoes pyrolysis to produce a second synthetic gas stream; and a thermal catalytic reactor comprising a second thermal chamber having a catalyst chamber within with a selected catalyst. The first synthetic gas stream is completely thermally oxidized to produce high temperature flue gas that imparts heat to the catalyst chamber in which the second synthetic gas stream is thermally cracked and directed over the catalyst to yield a finished gas or liquid product having a desired chemical composition as determined by the selected catalyst.

Method and Apparatus for Reduction of Tar in Gasification of Carbonaceous Materials

A method and assembly for producing substantially tar free product gas from gasification of carbonaceous material. The assembly preferably includes a first stage gasifier to produce char-ash and tar laden product gas and a second stage gasifier which has a char-ash heating zone, at least one cyclone, and at least one standpipe for the purpose of allowing selective delivery of char-ash to the char-ash heating zone. A char-ash heating zone that utilizes oxidation of char-ash is preferred and this results in the heat required to convert tar, additional yield of product gas, and an oxidized, activated carbon surface to facilitate tar conversion in the riser, thereby reducing the temperature required to achieve the desired tar conversion. Alternatively, external heat is supplied to the heating zone. 1. A method for producing product gas substantially free of tar by gasification of carbonaceous material wherein said method comprises: producing char-ash and tar laden product gas in a first stage of gasification and transporting said char-ash and tar laden product gas to a second stage of gasification where at least a portion of said tar is converted to less problematic tar.2. The method of wherein said second stage of gasification comprises heating of said char-ash.3. The second stage of gasification of wherein heating of said char-ash comprises partial oxidation to generate heat claim 2 , additional product gas claim 2 , and activated char-ash.4. The method of wherein said partial oxidation increases the catalytic effect of char-ash for said conversion of tar.5. The method of comprising conditions favoring tar conversion and the partial oxidation of char-ash results in an increase in product gas production.6. The method of wherein conversion of said at least a portion of tar includes conversion to less problematic tar to reduce at least one effect selected from the group consisting of: agglomeration claim 1 , coke formation claim 1 , plugging claim 1 , tar condensation ...

Production of Synthesis Gas From Biosolid-Containing Sludges Having a High Moisture Content

A method of producing a synthetic gas or a synthesis gas from a biosolid, such as dewatered sludge, that has a solids content that does not exceed 30 wt. %. The biomass having a solids content that does not exceed 30 wt. % is mixed with tar-rich materials and/or char particles, and optionally a bulking agent. The tar-rich materials and/or char particles may be a by-product of producing synthesis gas from a biomass such as refuse-derived fuels. The resulting mixture then is heated to provide a mixture having a solids content of at least 75 wt. %. The mixture having a solids content of at least 75 wt. % then is gasified under conditions to produce a synthetic gas rich in CO/CO 2 or a synthesis gas rich in H 2 /CO.

Method for Producing a Synthesis Gas

A method and system are provided for feeding a biomass material feed into a fluidized bed gasifier. The system includes a first plurality of screw conveyors disposed circumferentially around and connected to or integral with a gasifier shell of the fluidized bed gasifier, such that each of the first plurality of screw conveyors is in feed communication with a gasifier chamber defined by the gasifier shell. The system also includes a plurality of secondary receptacles, each individually coupled to a respective screw conveyor of the first plurality of screw conveyors, such that each of the plurality of secondary receptacles includes a secondary receptacle shell defining a secondary receptacle chamber in feed communication with the respective screw conveyor. The system further includes a plurality of primary receptacles, each including a primary receptacle shell defining a primary receptacle chamber in feed communication with at least two of the plurality of secondary receptacles. 1. A method for producing a synthesis gas from a biomass material feed in a fluidized bed gasifier , comprising:feeding the biomass material feed into a biomass feed system comprising a plurality of screw conveyors, each disposed equidistantly from an adjacent one of the plurality of screw conveyors and circumferentially around and connected to or integral with a gasifier shell of the fluidized bed gasifier, wherein a substantially equal amount of the biomass feed material flows through each of the plurality of screw conveyors into the gasifier chamber; andfeeding a fluid flow into a bottom section of the gasifier chamber of the fluidized bed gasifier, wherein the fluid flow and the biomass material feed contact and react to form the synthesis gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow comprises oxygen.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the screw conveyor comprises a screw conveyor housing and an auger disposed within the screw conveyor housing claim 1 , the auger being operatively ...

HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE FOR COOLING SYNTHETIC GAS AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLY THEREOF

The invention relates to a heat exchange device comprising a channel wall defining a flow channel with an inlet for receiving a gas flow. The device further comprises one or more heat exchange surfaces positioned inside the flow channel creating different parallel flow paths for the gas flow through the flow channel, at least one of the heat exchange surfaces embedding one or more flow paths for a fluid heat exchange medium. The one or more deflection elements are positioned inside the flow channel and are attached to the channel wall to deflect the gas flow away from the channel wall. 1. A heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas , the heat exchange device comprising:a channel wall defining a flow channel with an inlet for receiving a gas flow;one or more heat exchange surfaces positioned inside the flow channel creating different parallel flow paths for the gas flow through the flow channel, at least one of the heat exchange surfaces embedding one or more flow paths for a fluid heat exchange medium;one or more deflection elements positioned inside the flow channel and attached to the channel wall to deflect the gas flow away from the channel wall.2. A heat exchange device according to claim 1 , wherein the channel wall is a membrane wall claim 1 , comprising a plurality of pipe lines forming one or more flow paths for a cooling medium.3. A heat exchange device according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more heat exchange surfaces are coaxially nested heat exchange surfaces of a closed geometry.4. Heat exchange device according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more deflection elements are positioned upstream of the heat exchange surfaces.5. Heat exchange device according to claim 1 , wherein the deflection elements comprise a deflection surface which is at an angle with respect to the channel wall.6. Heat exchange device according to claim 1 ,wherein the individual deflection elements extend over an angle α along the inner perimeter of the channel wall, the ...

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthetic Gas

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 1. A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas in a gasifier comprising:i) a pyrolysis zone,ii) a partial oxidation zone located vertically downstream of the pyrolysis zone,iii) a reduction zone located vertically downstream of the partial oxidation zone and comprising an downwardly angled perforated floor and a deflector located in the center of the floor;said process comprising the steps of:a) feeding the carbonaceous fuel material through the upper portion of the pyrolysis zone vertically downward towards the lower portion of the pyrolysis zone, while pyrolyzing said fuel into pyrolysis vapours comprising tar, and pyrolysis residue comprising char containing ash and carbon;b) optionally adding a first oxidant to the lower portion of said pyrolysis zone to achieve a temperature greater than 200° C.;c) directing said pyrolysis vapours to said partial oxidation (POX) zone, and directing said pyrolysis residue downwardly to the reduction zone via a separation member positioned between said pyrolysis zone and said partial oxidation zone, the separation member comprising a plurality of slanted vents;d) adding a second oxidant in the partial oxidation zone to achieve a temperature greater than 900° C. to reform said pyrolysis vapours into raw syngas containing ...

Carbon-containing material gasification system, and method for setting ratio of distributing oxidizing agent

A carbon-containing material gasification system includes: a gasifier that includes a combustion stage and a gasification stage, and generates generated gas; char providing means that separates char from the generated gas, and provides the combustion stage with the char, the combustion stage including carbon-containing material combustion means and char combustion means; and distributing ratio setting means that sets, according to a ratio of distributing material defined in Expression [ 1 ], a ratio of distributing oxidizing agent defined in Expression [ 2 ] to be smaller as the ratio of distributing material increases. (ratio of distributing material)=(providing amount of the carbon-containing material for gasification stage)/(total providing amount of the carbon-containing material to gasifier)  [1] (ratio of distributing oxidizing agent)=(providing amount of the oxidizing agent to oxidize carbon-containing material for the combustion stage)/(total providing amount of the oxidizing agent to the combustion stage)  [2]

TWO-STAGE GASIFIER AND GASIFICATION PROCESS WITH FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY

A two-stage gasification reactor may include a reactor lower section and a reactor upper section. The reactor lower section may include (a) a lower reactor body, (b) two primary feed nozzles, configured to introduce at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock and located on opposing terminal ends of the lower reactor body, and (c) at least two secondary feed nozzles, configured to introduce a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, located on the lower reactor body. The reactor upper section may include (a) an upper reactor body, (b) at least one upper feed nozzle, configured to introduce at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock, located on the upper reactor body, and (c) an outlet. 112-. (canceled)13. A two-stage gasification reactor , comprising: (a) a lower reactor body;', '(b) two primary feed nozzles, configured to introduce at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock, located on opposing terminal ends of the lower reactor body; and', '(c) at least two secondary feed nozzles, configured to introduce a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, located on the lower reactor body;, 'a reactor lower section comprising (a) an upper reactor body;', '(b) at least one upper feed nozzle, configured to introduce at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock, located on the upper reactor body; and', '(c) an outlet., 'a reactor upper section comprising14. The two-stage gasification reactor of claim 13 , wherein the at least two secondary feed nozzles are oriented so they provide feeds along secondary feed vectors that maintain a vertical symmetry within the reactor lower section with feeds along primary feed vectors from the primary feed nozzles.15. The two-stage gasification reactor of claim 13 , wherein the at least two secondary feed nozzles and the primary feed nozzle are oriented so they provide feeds along feed vectors that intersect at a feed intersection point that is substantially in the center of the lower reactor ...

COMBINED GASIFICATION AND VITRIFICATION SYSTEM

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas. 1. A system , comprising:a gasification unit having a gasification chamber configured to receive organic materials and inorganic materials and at least partially oxidize the organic materials introduced therein to produce an effluent including a gas product, a solid product, and including at least some of the inorganic materials; and a plasma reaction chamber;', 'a plurality of electrodes disposed in the plasma reaction chamber, each of the plurality of electrodes configured to generate plasma therebetween effective to at least partially gasify at least a portion of the effluent; and', 'a plurality of joule heating electrodes disposed in the plasma reaction chamber, each of the plurality joule heating electrodes configured to heat the inorganic material to form a molten glass., 'a vitrification unit operably coupled to the gasification unit and configured to receive the effluent therefrom, the vitrification unit including2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gasification unit comprises a downdraft gasification unit poisoned above the vitrification unit.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a transport mechanism configured to move the effluent from the gasification unit to the vitrification unit.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the transport mechanism includes one or more of an agitating grate claim 3 , an auger claim 3 , a rake claim 3 , one or more rotating drums or a piston disposed between the disposed between the gasification unit and the vitrification unit.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the transport mechanism includes an agitating grate ...

FEED LOCATION FOR GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. A syngas composition can be made by charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition comprising recycle plastics and a solid fossil fuel to a gasification zone within a gasifier; gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in said gasification zone to produce said syngas composition; and discharging at least a portion of said syngas composition from said gasifier; wherein the recycled plastics are added to a feed point comprising a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder after the solid fossil fuel is loaded on the belt, a solid fossil fuel belt feeding a grinder before the solid fossil fuel is loaded onto the belt, or a solid fossil fuel slurry storage tank containing a slurry of said solid fossil fuel ground to a size as the size fed to the gasification zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said gasifier is an entrained flow slagging gasifier.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a solid fossil fuel grinder or to a belt containing a fossil fuel feeding the grinder.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to the solid fossil fuel in a low-pressure section that has a lower pressure that the pressure within the gasifier.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a feed belt.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are deposited onto a belt before solid fossil fuel is added onto the belt.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid fossil fuel is on top of the recycle plastics on the belt.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to solid fossil fuel on a coal feed belt.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a grinding mill containing coal and water.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recycle plastics are added to a slurry ...

Method for Gasifying Feedstock with High Yield Production of Biochar

A downdraft gasifier and method of gasification with high yield biochar that utilizes a plurality of high throughput, vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. A rotating and vertically adjustable rotating grate is located beneath the reduction zone of the gasifier. In addition, a drying zone is located above the pyrolysis zone so the heat of the gasifier can be used to dry feedstock before it enters the gasifier. By optimizing the grate height and rpm, feedstock retention time in the drying zone, the drying zone temperature and feedstock moisture content, the result is gasification of biomass with a high yield and continuous biochar production. 1. A method of gasifying feedstock with a high yield of biochar comprising:Filling a gasifier with feedstock; said gasifier comprising a plurality of conjoined and vertically positioned tubes having an interior wall, an exterior wall, a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end provides an inlet and the distal end provides an outlet, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone and a reduction zone;Drying the feedstock;Igniting the feedstock to create an oxidation band;Injecting oxidant streams into the oxidation zone using at least two rings of plano air inlets;Moving feedstock sequentially from the drying zone through the pyrolysis zone where the feedstock begins to decompose, then through an oxidation zone where the feedstock begins to change to producer gas and then through a reduction zone where the change to producer gas is completed, the gas cools and separates from the biochar;Holding feedstock and a bed of biochar inside the gasifier using a rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below the reduction zone, said position of the grate forming a variably sized bypass between the grate and the reduction zone;Removing biochar through the rotating grate and the bypass;Removing ...

Gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device

The device herein described includes: a feeder for feeding wet crushed coal from an upper feed nozzle ( 1 ) into two branches ( 1 a and 1 b ) provided with suitable mills; an element for mixing/distributing screened coal ( 2 ), located downstream of the nozzle ( 1 ); a gasification chamber ( 3 ) located downstream of the aforementioned element ( 2 ) where the screened material is oxidised by means of the supply of oxygen at approximately 1,800° C.-1,900° C., said chamber ( 3 ) being divided into two sub-chambers by a gas diffusion membrane; a cyclone separator ( 4 ) located downstream of the chamber ( 3 ), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas; an essentially pyrolytic chamber ( 5 ) where the solids carried from the cyclone separator ( 4 ) are pyrolysed, the residual gases being fed back into the chamber ( 3 ); and a sawtooth screen ( 6 ) which collects the solid waste, storing same as slag in a storage element ( 7 ).

GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. High solids concentrations in the feedstock stream can be obtained without significant impact on the feedstock stream stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced, including generation of carbon dioxide and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of fluidized bed or fixed bed waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The subsequent syngas produced from this material can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals. 19-. (canceled)10. A feedstock slurry composition comprising recycle plastics , a solid fossil fuel , and water , wherein the recycle plastics have a particle size of not more than 2 mm , and the solid fossil fuel in the feedstock composition has a particle size of less than 2 mm , the solids content in the slurry is at least 62 wt. % , the amount of recycle plastics present in the feedstock stream slurry composition is 0.1 wt. % and up to 25 wt. % based on the weight of all solids , and the water is at least 20 wt. % based on the weight of the feedstock slurry composition , and wherein either:a. the slurry is stable as determined by having an initial viscosity of 100,000 cP or less at 5 minutes using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1.83/s or a Brookfield viscometer with an LV-2 spindle rotating at a rate of 0.5 rpm, measured at ambient conditions; orb. the slurry is pumpable as determined by having a viscosity of less than 30,000 cP after mixing to obtain a homogeneous distribution of solids throughout the slurry and using a Brookfield R/S Rheometer equipped with V80-40 vane operating at a shear rate of 1.83/s or a Brookfield viscometer with an LV-2 spindle rotating at a rate of 0.5 measured at ambient conditions, orc. both.11. ...

Apparatus for producing organic substance from waste and method for producing organic substance from waste

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which are suitable for producing an organic substance using a synthesis gas from a waste gasification furnace. The apparatus 1 for producing an organic substance from waste comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace 11 for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; and an organic substance production unit 12 for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The organic substance production unit 12 further comprises: a synthesis unit 13 for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, and a fermenter 14 for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GASIFICATION

A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a feed to generate syngas. The gasifier comprises a first axis. The system also includes a first gasification reaction zone disposed in the gasifier. The first gasification reaction zone is defined at least partially by a first wall substantially perpendicular to the first axis. The system also includes a first feed injector coupled to the gasifier. The first feed injector is configured to inject the feed into the first gasification reaction zone beneath the first wall in a first direction relative to the first axis. 1. A system , comprising:a gasifier configured to gasify a feed to generate syngas, wherein the gasifier comprises a first axis;a first gasification reaction zone disposed in the gasifier, wherein the first gasification reaction zone is defined at least partially by a first wall substantially perpendicular to the first axis; anda first feed injector coupled to the gasifier, wherein the first feed injector is configured to inject the feed into the first gasification reaction zone beneath the first wall in a first direction relative to the first axis.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first wall is concave and is configured to direct the syngas in the first direction.3. The system of claim 1 , comprising a reaction zone outlet disposed in a second wall disposed opposite from the first wall claim 1 , wherein the reaction zone outlet is configured to direct the syngas in the first direction substantially parallel to the first axis.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gasifier comprises a gasifier outlet configured to convey the syngas from the gasifier in a second direction substantially opposite from the first direction substantially parallel to the first axis.5. The system of claim 1 , comprising a second feed injector coupled to the gasifier claim 1 , wherein the second feed injector is disposed substantially opposite from the first feed injector.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first wall ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM A SOLID CARBON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCE USING A REACTOR HAVING HOLLOW ENGINEERED PARTICLES

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids. 1100. A reactor () for producing carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , and hydrogen from a solid carbon-containing substance , comprising:(a) a fluidized bed comprising bed material in the form of hollow engineered particles selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, sand, olivine sand, limestone, dolomite and metal catalyst;{'b': '160', '(b) a freeboard () located above a bed level of the fluidized bed;'}{'b': 700', '160', '100', '700, '(c) a cyclone () positioned within the freeboard () of the reactor (), the cyclone () configured to capture and recycle entrained bed material and char particles to the fluidized bed;'}{'b': 160', '160, 'sub': 2', '2, '(d) a plurality of fluid addition stages located in the freeboard (), the plurality of fluid addition stages configured to introduce a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam to the freeboard () to promote conversion of char into CO, CO, and H;'}{'b': 140', '130, '(e) a distributor () configured to accept and distribute a fluidization media () comprising oxygen and superheated steam into the bed material of the fluidized bed;'}{'b': ...

FUEL FEED SYSTEM FOR A GASIFIER AND METHOD OF GASIFICATION SYSTEM START-UP

A method of start-up for a gasification system includes establishing a flow of a start-up fuel external to the gasifier prior to ignition of the gasifier. The method also includes establishing a start-up liquid feed external to the gasifier during gasifier start-up. The method further includes channeling the start-up liquid feed and the start-up fuel to the gasifier during gasifier start-up. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of start-up for a gasification system including a gasifier , said method comprising:establishing a flow of a start-up fuel external to the gasifier prior to ignition of the gasifier;establishing a start-up liquid feed external to the gasifier during gasifier start-up; andchanneling the start-up mixture liquid feed and the start-up fuel to the gasifier during gasifier start-up.22. A method of start-up for a gasification system in accordance with claim 21 , wherein establishing a flow of a start-up fuel further comprises one of circulating a pneumatically-conveyed particulate fuel within a flow circuit of the gasification system and stabilizing a flow of natural gas within the gasification system.23. A method of start-up for a gasification system in accordance with claim 21 , wherein establishing a flow of a start-up fuel further comprises circulating a pneumatically-conveyed particulate fuel within a flow circuit of the gasification system claim 21 , said method further comprises replacing a quantity of a first carrier gas used in conveying the particulate fuel to the gasifier with an alternate carrier gas.24. A method of start-up for a gasification system in accordance with claim 21 , wherein establishing a flow of a start-up fuel further comprises stabilizing a flow of natural gas within the gasification system claim 21 , said method further comprises:adding a quantity of particulate fuel into the natural gas; andreplacing a quantity of natural gas used in conveying the particulate fuel to the gasifier with an alternate carrier gas.25. (canceled)26. ...

Steam Generating Slurry Gasifier for the Catalytic Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

Steam generating gasification reactors for providing high-pressure and high-temperature steam for catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock can be based on oxygen blown gasification reactors adapted for processing a slurry feedstock comprising at least 40% water. The exhaust from the slurry gasifier comprises at least steam, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The slurry composition and the oxygen to fuel ratio can be varied to control the ratio of carbonaceous gases in the generator exhaust. By directing substantially all of exhaust gases produced from the slurry gasification reactor through the catalytic gasifier and subsequent gas separation and sequestration processes, a greatly higher energy efficiency and decreased carbon footprint can be realized. 1. A process for converting a carbonaceous material into a first plurality of gases comprising methane and one or more of hydrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , hydrogen sulfide , ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons , the process comprising the steps of:(a) providing a gasifier apparatus comprising: (1) a fluidized bed gasifier configured to receive a catalyzed carbonaceous feedstock and a second plurality of gases comprising steam, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and to exhaust the first plurality of gases; and [ an optional syngas conduit in communication with a syngas source and the gasifier chamber for optionally supplying a syngas to the gasifier chamber;', 'an oxygen gas conduit for supplying enriched oxygen gas as a reactant to the gasifier chamber;', 'a slurry conduit for supplying an aqueous carbonaceous slurry as a reactant to the gasifier chamber; and, 'a gasifier chamber;'}, 'a heated gas conduit for exhausting the second plurality of gases;', 'wherein the heated gas conduit of the slurry gasifier is in communication with the fluidized bed gasifier for supplying the second plurality of gases from the slurry gasifier to the fluidized bed gasifier;, '(2) a slurry gasifier configured to supply to ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PURIFYING SYNTHESIS GAS, IN PARTICULAR FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS

The invention relates to a method for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis, wherein a partial stream () of an H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burned, in particular to generate electrical energy, and wherein at least one component contained in the remaining H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is absorbed by an adsorber at low temperatures, after which said absorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber by flushing using nitrogen () at higher temperatures. According to the invention the H-rich partial stream () is diluted using the nitrogen () used for the flushing before being burned. The invention further relates to a system () for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis. 1. A method for purifying synthesis gas , in particular for ammonia synthesis , wherein{'b': '26', 'sub': '2', 'a partial stream () of an H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burnt, in particular for generating electrical energy, and wherein'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 26', '14', '14', '33, 'i': 'a', 'at least one component contained in the remaining H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is adsorbed at low temperatures by an adsorber () and then said at least one adsorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber () by purging with nitrogen () at higher temperatures,'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 26', '35, 'characterized in that, prior to combustion, the H-rich partial stream () is diluted with the nitrogen used for purging ().'}2311426313317. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that additionally nitrogen () claim 1 , which has not been used previously for purging the adsorber () claim 1 , is added to the H-rich partial stream () prior to combustion claim 1 , to dilute it claim 1 , and in particular the nitrogen used for dilution ( claim 1 , ) is produced by cryogenic separation () ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which are suitable for producing an organic substance using a synthesis gas from a waste gasification furnace. The apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; and an organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The organic substance production unit further comprises: a synthesis unit for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, and a fermenter for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation. 1. An apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste , comprising:a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; andan organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas,the organic substance production unit further comprising:a synthesis unit for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, anda fermenter for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fermenter is connected downstream of the synthesis unit.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the organic substance is ethanol.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the organic substance synthesized in the synthesis unit and the organic substance produced in the fermenter are different from each other.5. An apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste claim 1 , comprising:a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; andan organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas,the ...

Solids Circulation System and Method For Capture and Conversion of Reactive Solids

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

PARALLEL PATH, DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER APPARATUS AND METHOD

A method for using a downdraft gasifier comprising a housing and a refractory stack contained within the housing. The refractory stack may comprise various sections. Apertures in the sections may be aligned to form multiple columnar cavities. Each columnar cavity may comprise an individual oxidation zone. The method of use may include the steps of placing a feedstock into an upper portion of the refractory stack, measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity, and adjusting the flow of oxygen to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range. 1. A method comprising: a housing,', 'a refractory stack contained within the housing and comprising a plurality of sections formed of refractory, the plurality of sections comprising a lower manifold, at least one intermediate section resting on and extending upward from the lower manifold, and an upper manifold resting on and extending upward from the at least one intermediate section, and', 'the refractory stack wherein the upper manifold and the at least one intermediate section each comprise a plurality of apertures extending vertically therethrough, the plurality of apertures of the upper manifold aligning with the plurality of apertures of the at least one intermediate section to form a plurality of columnar cavities, each extending from the upper manifold to the lower manifold and placing the upper manifold in communication with the lower manifold;, 'selecting a downdraft gasifier comprisingplacing a feedstock into the upper manifold;measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity of the plurality of columnar cavities; andadjusting the flow of at least one gas selected form the group consisting of oxygen, oxygen enriched air, and air to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting comprises increasing the flow of the at least one ...

INTEGRATED PROCESSES FOR REFINING SYNGAS AND BIOCONVERSION TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND

Integrated processes are provided for syngas refining and bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound. In the integrated processes ammonia contained in the syngas is recovered and used as a source of nitrogen and water for the fermentation. The integrated processes first remove tars from syngas by scrubbing using a first aqueous medium under conditions that ammonium bicarbonate is unstable. With tars removed, contact between the syngas and a second aqueous medium enables ammonia and carbon dioxide to be removed from the syngas without undue removal of components adverse to the fermentation, processing or oxygenated product such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. At least a portion of the second aqueous medium is supplied as a source of water and ammonia for the fermentation. 1. A process for generating a syngas comprising:(a) continuously gasifying carbonaceous feedstock at a temperature in excess of about 1000° C. to provide a syngas stream containing hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, tars including naphthalene, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide;(b) cooling the syngas stream to a temperature below the temperature at which uncatalyzed water gas shift reactions occur;(c) scrubbing the syngas, said scrubbing by contact with a first aqueous medium at a temperature that is a sufficiently high temperature such that less than 40 percent of the ammonia contained in the syngas is absorbed by the aqueous medium and a pressure sufficient to provide aqueous medium in the liquid phase to provide a scrubbed syngas and an aqueous medium containing tars, wherein the contacting is for a duration sufficient such that the scrubbed syngas contains less than about 5 ppm(mole) naphthalene;(d) contacting the aqueous medium containing tars with stripping gas under stripping conditions sufficient to remove tars from the aqueous medium and provide a lean aqueous medium containing tars and a ...

RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CONVERSION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method for producing a liquid fuel , the method comprising:generating oxygen and hydrogen using an electrolysis unit wherein at least some of electricity for the electrolysis unit is provided by from a renewable energy source;supplying at least some of the oxygen generated by the electrolysis unit to a synthesis gas generation unit that converts a hydrocarbon feedstock to synthesis gas wherein the oxygen is either directly supplied to the synthesis gas generation unit or is supplied to a storage unit that stores the oxygen and later supplies the oxygen to the synthesis gas generation unit;producing a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture in the synthesis gas generation unit using at least one of steam reformation or partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock;supplying at least some of the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis unit so as to provide additional hydrogen in the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture; andconverting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture into a liquid fuel.22. The method of wherein the hydrogen from electrolysis is used to increase a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture for liquid fuel production to a selected ratio.23. The method of where the selected ratio is two.24. The method of wherein the hydrogen that is produced by the electrolysis unit is reacted with COthat is produced in the ...

SYSTEM AND A METHOD OF RECOVERING AND PROCESSING A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE FROM A SUBTERRANEAN FORMATION

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes; (iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO; (v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon, wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent. 1. A method of recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation , comprising:(i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture;(ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture;(iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes;{'sub': '2', '(iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO;'}(v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and(vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least some of said hydrogen for upgrading is hydrogen generated in the gasifying step.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said upgrading comprises thermal cracking.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said upgrading comprises hydrotreating.5. A method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising fractionating said recovered hydrocarbon mixture prior to said deasphalting to produce a heavier fraction and at least one lighter fraction.6. A method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said diluent comprises a lighter fraction obtained during fractionating.7. A method as claimed in claim 6 ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR AT LEAST PARTIAL GASIFICATION OF SOLID ORGANIC FEED MATERIAL

A process for at least partial gasification of solid organic feed material, in which, from the feed material, in a low-temperature gasifier by low-temperature carbonization, a tar-containing low-temperature carbonization gas is obtained, and the low-temperature carbonization gas is then reacted in a high-temperature gasifier by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction to form a syngas, whereby, in a cooling appliance provided downstream of the high-temperature gasifier, the syngas is cooled in such a manner that alkalis present in the syngas remain in the gaseous phase, and coke particles present in the syngas already no longer possess stickiness, and that in a cyclone appliance provided downstream of the cooling appliance, a coarse fraction of coke particles is separated out from the syngas, wherein a fine fraction of the coke particles passes through the cyclone appliance together with the syngas.

HOT OXYGEN NOZZLE AND USES THEREOF IN GASIFIERS

A hot oxygen nozzle and uses thereof in a gasifier, the hot oxygen nozzle comprising an outer-ring spout, a middle-ring spout, an inner-ring spout, and a central spout all sequentially and coaxially disposed, and a cooling system; the gasifier is an entrained-flow gasifier provided with one or more nozzles on a certain plane or a plurality of planes at the top or on the periphery of the gasifier body. The nozzle has a simple structure and is easy to make and maintain. A fuel gas passage is disposed inside the nozzle. Oxygen can be heated by the combustion of fuel gas; and high-temperature and high-speed oxygen can directly ignite carbonaceous materials such as coal water slurry and coke oven gas. The present invention can be applied in a gasifier and then in the final process of synthesis gas preparation. 1. A hot oxygen nozzle , comprising an outer-ring spout , a middle-ring spout , an inner-ring spout , and a central spout all sequentially and coaxially disposed , and a cooling system ,Wherein the outer-ring spout comprises an outer-ring duct and an outer-ring nozzle head; wherein the larger end of the outer-ring nozzle head is connected to the outer-ring duct; wherein the central spout comprises a central duct and a central nozzle head; wherein the larger end of the central nozzle head is connected to the central duct; wherein the middle-ring spout comprises a middle-ring duct; wherein the inner-ring spout comprises an inner-ring duct; wherein the outer-ring spout, middle-ring spout, inner-ring spout, and central spout are connected by a flange; wherein the end of the outer-ring spout is level with that of the central spout;Wherein the cooling system comprises coils and a cooling chamber; wherein the cooling chamber is coaxially situated on the outside of the outer-ring nozzle head;wherein the coils are situated on the outside of the outer-ring duct close to the outer-ring nozzle head; wherein the cooling chamber is connected with the coils; wherein liquid ...

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT AND A SYNGAS MIXTURE

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid torrefied biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles; (ii) separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction; (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation to obtain a syngas mixture further comprising water and having an elevated temperature and (iv) contacting the syngas mixture with a carbonaceous compound to chemically quench the syngas mixture. The temperature of the syngas is reduced in step (iv) from between 1000 and 1600° C. to a temperature of between 800 and 1200° C. 115.-. (canceled)16. A process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps:(i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed and wherein the solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed,(ii) separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction, and(iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation to obtain a syngas mixture further comprising water and having an elevated temperature.17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the pyrolysis process in step (i) is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of ...

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE

Provided is a novel apparatus capable of suitably manufacturing an organic substance from a syngas. An apparatus for manufacturing an organic substance includes a syngas producing furnace (), an organic substance synthesis unit (), a moisture content raising unit (), and a moisture content lowering unit (). The syngas producing furnace () is configured to produce a syngas containing carbon monoxide by partly oxidizing a carbon source. The organic substance synthesis unit () is configured to produce an organic substance from the syngas. The moisture content raising unit () is disposed between the syngas producing furnace () and the organic substance synthesis unit (). The moisture content raising unit () is configured to raise a moisture content of the syngas. The moisture content lowering unit () is disposed between the moisture content raising unit () and the organic substance synthesis unit (). The moisture content lowering unit () is configured to lower the moisture content of the syngas. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing an organic substance , comprising:a syngas producing furnace configured to produce a syngas containing carbon monoxide by partly oxidizing a carbon source;an organic substance synthesis unit configured to produce an organic substance from the syngas;a moisture content raising unit disposed between the syngas producing furnace and the organic substance synthesis unit and configured to raise a moisture content of the syngas; anda moisture content lowering unit disposed between the moisture content raising unit and the organic substance synthesis unit and configured to lower the moisture content of the syngas.2. The apparatus for manufacturing an organic substance according to claim 1 , wherein the moisture content raising unit is further configured to pass the syngas through water.3. The apparatus for manufacturing an organic substance according to claim 1 , wherein the moisture content raising unit is further configured to raise the moisture ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INTRODUCING OXYGEN INTO A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED GASIFICATION PROCESS

The invention relates to an oxygen lance that has at least three mutually coaxial pipes, each of which delimits at least one annular gap. The outermost pipe is designed to conduct superheated steam and has a steam supply point, the central pipe is designed as an annular gap, and the innermost pipe is designed to conduct oxygen at a temperature of no higher than 180° C. and has an oxygen supply point. A temperature sensor is arranged within the innermost pipe, said temperature sensor extending to just in front of the opening of the innermost pipe. The innermost pipe tapers in the form of a nozzle before opening; the innermost pipe opens into the central pipe; and the opening of the central pipe protrudes farther relative to the opening of the outermost pipe. 114.-. (canceled)15. An oxygen lance comprising:an inner pipe having, an oxygen feed inlet disposed at a proximal end thereof, a mouth disposed at a distal end thereof, and a tapered nozzle section disposed upstream of said mouth, said inner pipe being configured to permit oxygen having a maximum temperature of 180° C. to flow there through from said feed inlet to said mouth;a middle pipe coaxially disposed around an outer surface of at least said distal end of said inner pipe and defining a middle annular gap between the outer surface of said inner pipe and an inner surface of said middle pipe, said middle pipe having a mouth disposed at a distal end thereof, said middle pipe being configured to permit oxygen to flow out of said mouth of said inner pipe and into said middle pipe;an outer pipe coaxially disposed around an outer surface of at least a portion of said middle pipe and defining an outer annular gap between the outer surface of said middle pipe and an inner surface of said outer pipe, said outer pipe having a steam feed input disposed at a proximal end thereof and a mouth disposed at a distal end of said outer pipe beyond which said mouth of said middle pipe extends, said outer pipe being configured to ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING FUEL GAS FROM A SOLID COMBUSTIBLE

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for generating fuel gas from a solid material in a shaft gasifier, and comprises a gasification zone, into which the solid material can be filled, and an oxidation zone designed to oxidize the generated gas connected to the gasifier zone so that the gases generated in the gasifier zone run to the oxidation zone. A first air supply device and a second air supply device downstream of the first air supply in the processing direction of the solid material supply air into the gasification zone. A measurement unit samples the raw gas that is generated in the oxidation zone or of the flammable product gas. A control unit, which is coupled with the measurement unit by means of signal technology, transmits a test signal and controls the air supplied by the second air supply device via the test signal. 117-. (canceled)18. A gasification apparatus for generating a combustible product gas from a solid material , comprising:a gasification zone, into which the solid material can be filled via a solid material filler inlet, and from which solid material a pyrolysis gas is generated;an oxidation zone for the oxidation of the generated pyrolysis gas, which is connected to the gasification zone in order to run the pyrolysis gas generated in the gasification zone into the oxidation zone; andwherein a first air supply device and a second air supply device supply air into the gasification zone, wherein the second air supply device follows the first air supply device in the processing direction of the solid material;a measurement unit for determining a qualitative or quantitative quantity of predetermined gas components of the flammable product gas, and from which generates test signals; anda control unit, which is coupled with the measurement unit by means of signal technology in order to transmit the test signals, and which is configured in such a way that the control unit controls the quantity of the air being supplied by the first ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER PRODUCTION INCLUDING METHANATION

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor that is configured to provide an output stream that is enriched in methane content. The resulting partially oxidized stream can be cooled, filtered, additionally cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle COstream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The recycle COstream is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and optionally the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems. 122-. (canceled)23. A combined partial oxidation (POX) system and power production system (PPS) comprising:a catalytic POX reactor adapted to partially oxidize a liquid or solid fuel in the presence of oxygen, a catalyst, and optionally steam to form a POX stream comprising methane;one or more components adapted to cool the POX stream;a POX heat exchanger adapted to withdraw heat from the POX stream and output a cooled POX fuel gas;an optional mercury removal unit;an optional acid gas removal unit;an optional methanation unit;an optional post-methanation heat exchanger configured to withdraw heat from a stream exiting a methanation unit;a compressor adapted to compress the POX fuel gas to a pressure of about 10 MPa or greater;{'sub': '2', 'a PPS combustor adapted to combust the POX fuel gas in the presence of oxygen and a compressed recycle COstream and form a PPS combustion product stream at a pressure of about 10 MPa or greater;'}a turbine adapted to expand the PPS combustion product stream and generate power in a ...

Method and plant for gasifying input material

The invention relates to a plant for at least partly gasifying solid organic input material, with a low-temperature gasifier in which pyrolysis can yield a tar-containing pyrolisis gas from a solid organic input material, and with a high-temperature gasifier having an oxidation unit and an endothermic gasifier, where the pyrolisis gas can be converted to a synthesis gas by partial oxidation in the oxidation unit followed by partial reduction in the endothermic reactor, said endothermic reactor having a form which widens conically in the vertical direction and which has at least one side offtake to take off unwanted particulate solids at not less than one height, more particularly at not less than two or more different heights.

CONVERTER FOR ORGANIC MATERIALS

A continuous converter for pyrolysing or otherwise processing biomass or other solid organic feed materials includes a reaction chamber () for producing a solid carbon-containing product and a gas product and optionally a liquid water product via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms from a solid organic feed material. The chamber has an inlet () for supplying a solid organic feed material to the chamber and separate outlets () for the solid carbon-containing product and the gas product produced in the reaction chamber. The inlet and the solid carbon-containing product outlet are configured so that the solid materials in the inlet and in the outlet form respective gas seals in the inlet and the outlet. 1. An apparatus for pyrolysing or otherwise processing a solid organic feed material includes:(a) a reaction chamber having an upstream end, a downstream end, an inlet for the organic feed material, and separate outlets for a gas product and a dried and pyrolysed solid carbon-containing product produced from the organic feed material in the chamber; and(b) an assembly for moving the organic material through the reaction chamber from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the chamber counter-current to a flow of gas produced in the chamber.2. The apparatus defined in includes an outlet for a liquid water product.3. The apparatus defined in includes a device for supplying the solid feed material to the reaction chamber that is configured so that the solid material in the inlet forms a gas seal.4. The apparatus defined in wherein the device is configured for compressing material within the device to form the gas seal.5. The apparatus defined in wherein the device includes two screws on the same axis claim 4 , with the screws being adapted to counter-rotate with respect to each other claim 4 , and an axial gap between the screws in which feed material is compressed in use of the device.6. The apparatus defined in wherein each screw is independently driven by a ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER PRODUCTION INCLUDING METHANATION

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor that is configured to provide an output stream that is enriched in methane content. The resulting partially oxidized stream can be cooled, filtered, additionally cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle COstream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The recycle COstream is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and optionally the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems. 1. A process for the production of power using a combination of a partial oxidation (POX) system and a power production system (PPS) , the process comprising:combining a solid or liquid fuel, oxygen, and a catalyst in a POX reactor under conditions sufficient to partially oxidize the fuel and form a POX stream comprising methane;cooling the POX stream to a temperature of about 500° C. or less;separating one or more of solids, molten metals, and acid gases from the POX stream;passing the POX stream to a POX heat exchanger and withdrawing a quantity of heat from the POX stream by cooling the POX stream to a temperature of about 100° C. or less against a cooling stream and form a POX fuel gas stream comprising methane;passing the POX fuel gas stream through a separator vessel and separating at least a portion of any water present in the POX fuel gas stream;compressing the POX fuel gas stream to a pressure of about 12 MPa or greater;combusting the POX fuel gas in a PPS combustor to form a combustion product stream at a ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF CONTAMINATE FREE, SIZE SPECIFIC BIOCHAR FOLLOWING GASIFICATION

A method and system for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar using downdraft gasification of variable quality feedstock. The system and process of the present invention includes the transfer of biochar from a gasifier after gasification to a temperature-controlled cooling screw conveyor, into a drum magnet for ferrous metal removal into multiple diverters to separate and remove ungasified materials and non-ferrous metal contaminants, then transferred into a granulator for grinding and screening the biochar to a pre-selected size. By directly attaching a novel and continuous product treatment process to the biochar stream as it exits the gasifier, the particle size, moisture content, carbon content and yield of a contaminant free biochar product can be narrowly controlled and improved to meet strict product quality specifications required by specialty applications. 1. A method for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar comprising the following sequential steps:Conveying biochar resulting from continuous feedstock gasification in a downdraft gasifier to an enclosed cooling screw conveyor, said cooling screw conveyor comprising a proximal end operably connected to the gasifier and a distal end operably connected to a drum magnet;Separating and removing ferrous metal from the biochar using the drum magnet;Transferring the biochar into a first diverter operably connected to the drum magnet;Separating and removing unburned materials from the biochar using the first diverter;Transferring the biochar to a belt conveyor comprising an integrated metal detector, a proximal end operably connected to the first diverter and a distal end operably connected to a second diverter;Transferring the biochar to the second diverter operably connected to the metal detector;Separating and removing non-ferrous metal from the biochar using the second diverter;Transferring the biochar to a granulator operably connected to the second ...

TWO-STAGE GASIFIER AND GASIFICATION PROCESS WITH FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY

A gasification process may include (a) introducing a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock into a reactor lower section, wherein the at least one dry feedstock or first slurried feedstock is introduced through two primary feed nozzles while the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced through at least two secondary feed nozzles; (b) partially combusting the feedstocks in the reactor lower section with a gas stream comprising an oxygen-containing gas or steam to evolve heat and form products comprising hot synthesis gas; (c) passing said hot synthesis gas from step (b) upward into a reactor upper section; (d) and introducing a second slurried feedstock into said reactor upper section, whereby heat from said hot synthesis gas supports reaction of the second slurried feedstock by pyrolysis and gasification reactions. 1. A gasification process , comprising:(a) introducing a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock into a reactor lower section, wherein the at least one dry feedstock or first slurried feedstock is introduced through two primary feed nozzles while the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced through at least two secondary feed nozzles;(b) partially combusting the feedstocks in the reactor lower section with a gas stream comprising an oxygen-containing gas or steam to evolve heat and form products comprising hot synthesis gas;(c) passing said hot synthesis gas from step (b) upward into a reactor upper section; and(d) introducing a second slurried feedstock into said reactor upper section, whereby heat from said hot synthesis gas supports reaction of the second slurried feedstock by pyrolysis and gasification reactions.2. The gasification process of claim 1 , wherein introducing the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock into the reactor lower section occur simultaneously.3. The ...

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CONVERSION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel. 1generating oxygen in an oxygen separation unit utilizing electricity from wind or solar power;supplying the oxygen from the oxygen separation unit to a synthesis gas generation unit;supplying steam to the synthesis gas generation unit;producing synthesis gas in the synthesis gas generation unit using a combination of steam reformation and partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the synthesis gas generation unit; andconverting the synthesis gas into a fuel.. A method, comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/267,021 filed Sep. 15, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/077,094 filed Nov. 11, 2013, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,469,533 on Oct. 18, 2016 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/575,305, filed on Oct. 7, 2009, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,614,364 on Dec. 24, 2013 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/177,152, filed Jul. 6, 2005, now abandoned, which further claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/103,397, filed Oct. 7, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/107,563, filed Oct. 22, 2008. These patents and applications are incorporated herein by this reference in their entirety and for any purpose.This invention relates to a system for optimal use of variable electricity from a renewable energy source, such as from wind ...

Updraft gasifier and method, apparatus, and system for biomass decomposition

A method, system, and apparatus for decomposing a biomass feedstock include providing a layer of inert particulate matter, such as sand, to line and insulate the bottom surface of a main chamber of a reactor where pyrolysis and oxidation are conducted to produce char and producer gases as primary products. In an embodiment, feedstock positioned in a side region of the reaction chamber insulates side walls of the main chamber from heat in the center region of the main chamber. In an embodiment of the method, a rate of removal of solid products such as char from the reactor is controlled in response to a temperature detected at a position of an extraction tube inlet of the reactor. Activated charcoal may be obtained as a primary product using the system and method, by feeding oxygen into the reactor at an inlet positioned adjacent to an inlet to the extraction chamber.

GASIFICATION OF POST-CONSUMER TIRES AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS TO PRODUCE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Tires are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel such as coal and fed into an entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. High concentrations of solids and tires in the solids stream can be stably obtained without significant impact on the feedstock stream stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The subsequent syngas produced from this material can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals. 1. A process for producing an organic compound from a syngas composition comprising:a. charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition comprising post-consumer recycled materials and a solid fossil fuel to a gasification zone comprising a gasifier; wherein said post-consumer recycle material comprises post-consumer tires;b. gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in said gasification zone of a gasifier to produce said syngas composition; andc. producing said organic compound from said syngas composition.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said organic compound comprises at least one substituent; and wherein said substituent comprises an acetyl functional group.3. The process according to wherein the feedstock composition comprises coal.4. The process according to any one of claim 3 , wherein the feedstock composition comprises a liquid slurry; wherein said liquid slurry comprises coal and post-consumer recycled materials chosen from recycled tires claim 3 , recycled plastic or a combination thereof.5. The process according to any one of claim 4 , wherein gasifying said feedstock composition occurs in the presence of oxygen.6. The process according to one of wherein said organic compound is any chemical that has a syngas composition as an intermediate.7. The process according to any one of wherein said organic compound comprises acetic acid claim 6 , methanol claim ...

GASIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND SOLID FOSSIL FUELS

Pre-ground plastics of small particle size not more than 2 mm are co-fed into a solid fossil fuel fed entrained flow partial oxidation gasifier. High solids concentrations in the feedstock stream can be obtained without significant impact on the feedstock stream stability and pumpability. A consistent quality of syngas can be continuously produced, including generation of carbon dioxide and a carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio while stably operating the gasifier and avoiding the high tar generation of fluidized bed or fixed bed waste gasifiers and without impacting the operations of the gasifier. The subsequent syngas produced from this material can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals. 2. A process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following conditions is present:(i) gasification within the gasification zone is conducted at a temperature of at least 1000° C., or(ii) the pressure within the gasification zone greater than 2.7 MPa, or(iii) the feedstock composition is a slurry, or(iv) no steam is introduced to the gasifier that flows into the gasification zone, or(v) the recycle are pre-ground such that at least 90% of the particles have a particle size of less than 2 mm, or(vi) the tar yield is less than 4 wt. %, or(vii) the gasifier contains no membrane wall in the gasification zone, or(viii) a combination of two or more of the above conditions.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock stream has a viscosity under 25 claim 1 ,000 cP.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein all of the following conditions are present:a. steam is not supplied to the gasification zone,b. the feedstock stream containing at least recycle and ground solid fossil fuel flowing to the gasifier, or this feedstock stream introduced to an injector or charge pipe, or this feedstock stream introduced into the gasification zone, or a combination of all the above, does not contain gases compressed in equipment for gas compression,c. no gas stream containing more than 0.03 mole % ...

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A FEED CONTAINING BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS, BY FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

The present invention concerns an integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons starting from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed, said process comprising at least one pre-treatment step, a gasification step, a step for conditioning synthesis gas, a water scrubbing step, a step for eliminating acid gases, a final purification step, and a catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction step. 1. An integrated process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons from a feed containing at least one fraction of biomass and optionally at least one fraction of another feed , said process comprising at least the following steps: a1) drying,', 'a2) torrefaction,', 'a4) grinding,, 'a) a step for pre-treatment of the biomass fraction and optionally of the other fraction or fractions, comprising at least one of the operations a1), a2), a4)b) an optional step for combining the pre-treated biomass fraction and the other fraction or fractions of the feed, which may or may not have been pre-treated,c) a step for gasification of the effluent obtained from step b) and/or of the pre-treated fraction obtained from step a) and optionally of at least one fraction of another feed introduced directly into the gasification step in an entrained flow reactor, a step d1) for scrubbing with water and for fractionating said synthesis gas into at least two effluents: a first portion and a complementary portion,', 'a step d2) for eliminating halogenated compounds by passing said first portion through at least one suitable guard bed,', 'a water gas shift step d3) carried out on the effluent obtained from step d2),', {'sub': 2', '3, 'a step d4) for catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN compounds contained in said complementary portion of the effluent obtained from step d1) into HS and NH,'}], 'd) a step for conditioning synthesis gas obtained from step c), comprisinge) a step for recombination of at least one fraction of ...

Gasification of heavy residue with solid catalyst from slurry hydrocracking process

A cost-effective solution for the disposal of heavy residue bottoms recovered from a slurry hydrocracking process that include solid heterogeneous catalyst particles is provided by their introduction into a membrane wall gasification reactor in the form of a flowable slurry to produce a synthesis gas and, optionally, subjecting the synthesis gas to a water-gas shift reaction to produce a more hydrogen-rich product stream. Process steam and electricity are produced by recovering the sensible heat values from the hot synthesis gas.

PROCESS

A process for the manufacture of one or more useful products comprises: gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to generate a raw synthesis gas; supplying at least a portion of the raw synthesis gas to a clean-up zone to remove contaminants and provide a clean synthesis gas; supplying the clean synthesis gas to a first further reaction train to generate at least one first useful product and a tailgas; and diverting selectively on demand a portion of at least one of the carbonaceous feedstock, the clean synthesis gas, the tailgas and the light gas fraction to heat or power generation within the process, in response to external factors to control the carbon intensity of the overall process and enable GHG emission savings. 1. A process for the manufacture of one or more useful products comprising:a. gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to generate a raw synthesis gas;b. supplying at least a portion of the raw synthesis gas to a clean-up zone to remove contaminants and provide a clean synthesis gas;c. importing natural gas and/or power into the process;d. supplying the clean synthesis gas to a first further reaction train to generate at least one first useful product and a tailgas; ande. diverting selectively on demand a portion of at least one of the carbonaceous feedstock, the clean synthesis gas, the tailgas and (if present) a light gas fraction to heat or power generation within the process to control the carbon intensity of the process.2. The process according to wherein means within the process are provided selectively on demand to divert one or more of:i. a portion of the carbonaceous feedstock to a combustor to generate energy for the production of steam for use on plant or for power generation; and/orii. a portion of the clean synthesis gas as fuel gas for use on plant and/or or for the generation of steam for use on plant and/or for power ...

COMBINED GASIFICATION AND VITRIFICATION SYSTEM

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas. 1. A method for processing a feedstock including at least some organic materials , the method comprising:gasifying the feedstock in a downdraft gasifier to produce a gasified feedstock having a gas portion and a solid portion;moving at least some of the solid portion into a vitrification unit;at least one of pyrolizing or gasifying at least some of the solid portion in the vitrification unit by exposing the solid portion to plasma.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein gasifying the feedstock in a downdraft gasifier to produce a gasified feedstock having a gas portion and a solid portion includes partially gasifying the feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein moving at least some of the solid portion into a vitrification unit includes controlling a transport mechanism to move at least some of the solid portion.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the transport mechanism includes one or more of an auger claim 3 , a rake claim 3 , an agitating grate claim 3 , one or more rotating drums claim 3 , or a piston.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vitrification unit includes a molten glass bath.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of pyrolizing or gasifying at least some of the solid portion in the vitrification unit by exposing the solid portion to plasma includes producing plasma with one or more plasma electrodes in the vitrification unit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of pyrolizing or gasifying at least some of the solid portion in the vitrification unit by exposing the solid portion to plasma includes producing hydrogen rich gas from ...

Char discharge unit, char recovery unit including char discharge unit, char discharge method, and integrated gasification combined cycle

A char discharge unit is for discharging char discharged from a filtration unit into a char storage unit in which a pressure is at least temporarily higher pressure than that in the filtration unit. The char discharge unit includes a char discharge line connected to a lower side of the filtration unit in a vertical direction and connected to the char storage unit; a lock hopper installed at an intermediary point of the char discharge line to temporarily store the char; an admission valve installed in the char discharge line between the lock hopper and the filtration unit; a control valve installed in the char discharge line between the lock hopper and the char storage unit; and a control device configured to close the control valve when the admission valve is open, and to close the admission valve when the control valve is open.

Gasification process and feed system

A process for the gasification of a solid carbonaceous feed, the process comprising the steps of: introducing a batch of the solid carbonaceous feed into a sluice vessel, while an internal pressure in the sluice vessel is at a first pressure; introducing at least recycled CO2 into the sluice vessel via one or more gas inlets covered by the solid carbonaceous feed, to pressurize the sluice vessel from the first pressure to a second pressure exceeding the first pressure, during a predetermined time period; closing the one or more gas inlets; opening a feed outlet of the sluice vessel to supply the batch of the solid carbonaceous feed to a feed vessel for feeding the solid carbonaceous feed to a gasification reactor; closing the feed outlet; venting the sluice vessel to reduce the internal pressure to the first pressure; and repeating the process.

Enhancement of Fischer-Tropsch Process for Hydrocarbon Fuel Formulation

An enhanced Fischer-Tropsch process for the synthesis of sulfur free, clean burning, green hydrocarbon fuels, examples of which include syndiesel and aviation fuel. Naphtha is destroyed in a hydrogen generator and recycled as feedstock to a syngas (FT) reactor in order to enhance the production of syndiesel from the reactor. A further variation integrates a second hydrogen generator capturing light hydrocarbon gas for conversion to hydrogen and carbon monoxide which supplements the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, The result is a considerable increase in the volume of syndiesel formulated. A system for effecting the process is also characterized in the specification.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FUEL AND BYPRODUCT FROM BIOMASS OR BIOMASS DERIVED MATERIAL

The present invention provides a process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material. The invention comprises providing a processed biomass feedstock and carrying out or causing one or more parties to subject the processed biomass feedstock to gasification to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen and cresylic acid and recovering the cresylic acid or a portion thereof. The processed biomass feedstock may be co-gasified with coal. The hydrogen from the gasification may be recovered or the carbon monoxide and hydrogen may be further reacted to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate. One or more products obtained from the process are provided, for use as, or to produce a transportation or heating fuel. The invention may allow for advantaged fuel credit generation. 1. A process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material , said process comprising the steps of:(i) providing a processed biomass feedstock for use in gasification; (a) subjecting the processed biomass feedstock to gasification to produce a product comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and cresylic acid, wherein the processed biomass feedstock is co-gasified with coal;', '(b) recovering the cresylic acid or a portion thereof;', '(c) recovering the hydrogen produced or derived from step (ii)(a) or further reacting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate;', '(d) providing one or more products obtained from step ii(c), for use as, or to produce a transportation or heating fuel; and', '(e) generating or causing generation of a renewable fuel credit., '(ii) carrying out or causing one or more parties to carry out a gasification process comprising2. A process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material comprising the steps of:(i) providing a processed biomass feedstock resulting from at least one extractive releasing processing step; (a) subjecting the processed biomass feedstock to ...

GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A method includes providing a gasifier with a fuel source comprising a heavy oil, a light oil, and recovered soot. The gasifier may gasify the fuel source to generate a syngas and soot. The method also includes recovering the soot in a first separation unit that may receive a portion of the heavy oil and separate the soot from an extraction oil used to recover the soot. The first separation unit generates soot bottoms that include the portion of the heavy oil and the recovered soot. The method also includes flowing a first separation co-fractionate to a second separation unit. The first separation co-fractionate includes the extraction oil and the light oil. The second separation unit may separate the extraction oil and the light oil, and direct the light oil towards the first separation unit. The method further includes mixing the soot bottoms from the first separation unit with the light oil from the second separation unit to generate the fuel source and directing the fuel source to the gasifier for gasification.

Catalysts, related methods and reaction products

The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids. 117-. (canceled)18. A system for the direct conversion of syngas to liquid fuels , wherein the system comprises:a) a syngas generator comprising means for converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas;b) a catalytic reactor comprising a conversion catalyst for the conversion of syngas into one or more hydrocarbons and a water fraction, wherein the conversion catalyst comprises a substrate, and wherein the substrate comprises a surface having a pH ranging from about 6.0 to about 8.0.19. The system according to claim 18 , wherein the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks are selected from a group consisting of: gas-phase feedstocks; liquid-phase feedstocks; and claim 18 , solid-phase feedstocks.20. The system according to claim 18 , wherein the conversion catalyst substrate is alumina.21. The system according to claim 18 , wherein the system further comprises a redox catalyst for the reduction of oxygen in syngas claim 18 , and wherein the redox catalyst comprises a copper lanthanide material containing greater than two weight percent of copper and less than one weight percent of a ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which are suitable for producing an organic substance using a synthesis gas from a waste gasification furnace. The apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; and an organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The organic substance production unit further comprises: a synthesis unit for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, and a fermenter for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation. 16-. (canceled)7. A method for producing an organic substance from waste , comprising:a synthesis gas-generating step for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of waste; andan organic substance-producing step for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas,the organic substance-producing step further comprising:a synthesizing step for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst in a synthesis unit; anda fermentation step for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation in a fermenter.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the fermentation step is performed after the synthesizing step.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the organic substance is ethanol.10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein claim 7 , the organic substance synthesized in the synthesizing step and the organic substance produced in the fermentation step are different from each other.1112-. (canceled) The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing an organic substance from waste.In recent years, the practical application has been considered with respect to a method for producing ...

DEVICE WITH DILATED OXIDATION ZONE FOR GASIFYING FEEDSTOCK

A downdraft gasifier that utilizes a plurality of vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. The shape of the tubes eliminates the need for a restriction (hearth), which limits the maximum achievable throughput. A rotating and vertically adjustable grate is located beneath, but not attached to, the reduction zone of the gasifier. 1. A variably rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below , but not touching the reduction zone of a partially open core downdraft gasifier used for gasification of feedstock.2. The grate of claim 1 , wherein the grate is durable claim 1 , heat resistant and non-reactive claim 1 , and the grate has a top face and a bottom face claim 1 , and the top face of the grate has no right angles with respect to the orientation of the gasifier claim 1 , and the top face of the grate further comprises a pattern that is a spiral groove that begins at the center of the grate and spans the entire top face of the grate.3. The grate of claim 1 , further comprising holes in and distributed symmetrically across the grate claim 1 , wherein biochar falls from the distal end of the gasifier through the grate.4. The grate of claim 1 , further wherein the grate has a top face and a bottom face claim 1 , the bottom face of the grate is a frame and the top face of the grate comprises a plurality of replaceable segments sitting on the grate.5. The grate of claim 1 , wherein the grate vertically adjusts and rotates to control the residence time of feedstock and biochar within a gasifier. The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/751,983, filed Jan. 28, 2013 and titled Device with Dilated Oxidation Zone for Gasifying Feedstock, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.The invention relates to thermochemical technology and equipment, in particular, to processes and apparatuses for gasifying solid ...

Process for preparing a paraffin product

The invention relates to a process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock comprising (a) partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock to obtain a mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (b) performing a Fischer-Tropsch reaction using the mixture as obtained in step (a) and recovering an off-gas from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction and a paraffin product, (c)subjecting at least a part of the off-gas from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to conversion using a catalyst comprising iron, or a catalyst comprising iron and chromium, followed by a hydrogenation step (d) using a steam/off-gas mol ratio in the range of between 0.5 and 1.5 and a catalyst comprising copper and zinc, followed by a conversion step (e) using a nickel based catalyst, and (f) preparing a hydrogen comprising gas from at least a part of the off-gas from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.

Parallel path, downdraft gasifier apparatus and method

A method for using a downdraft gasifier comprising a housing and a refractory stack contained within the housing. The refractory stack may comprise various sections. Apertures in the sections may be aligned to form multiple columnar cavities. Each columnar cavity may comprise an individual oxidation zone. The method of use may include the steps of placing a feedstock into an upper portion of the refractory stack, measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity, and adjusting the flow of oxygen to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range.

COOLING SYNGAS VIA REACTION OF METHANE OR LIGHT HYDROCARBONS WITH WATER

Various embodiments disclosed relate to cooling shale gas via reaction of methane, light hydrocarbons, or a combination thereof, with water. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of cooling syngas. The method includes contacting the hot syngas with methane or light hydrocarbons. The hot syngas includes water and has a temperature of about 800° C. to about 3000° C. The contacting is effective to endothermically react the methane or light hydrocarbons with the water in the hot syngas to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen and to provide a cooled syngas having a lower temperature than the hot syngas. 1. A method of cooling syngas , the method comprising:contacting a hot syngas with methane, light hydrocarbons, or a combination thereof, the hot syngas comprising water and having a temperature of about 800° C. to about 3000° C., wherein the contacting is effective to endothermically react the methane or light hydrocarbons with the water in the hot syngas to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen and to provide a cooled syngas having a lower temperature than the hot syngas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the hot syngas is about 800° C. to about 1600° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooled syngas has a temperature about 50° C. to about 1000° C. lower than the temperature of the hot syngas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein about 50% to about 100% of total heat removed from the hot syngas during transformation of the hot syngas to the cooled syngas is heat removed via the endothermic reaction of the methane claim 1 , the light hydrocarbons claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , with the water.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the hot syngas with the methane or light hydrocarbons comprises contacting the hot syngas with a gas composition that comprises the methane claim 1 , the light hydrocarbons claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas composition comprises about 10 vol ...

THREE-ZONE GASIFIER AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SUCH A GASIFIER IN ORDER TO THERMALLY CONVERT BYPRODUCTS AND WASTE MATERIALS

The invention relates to a device in the form of a 3-zone gasifier and to a method for operating such a gasifier. 224172517. The 3-zone gasifier as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the centric guide () passes through the gasifier head () in a gas-tight manner and is connected claim 1 , in a lockable and controllable manner claim 1 , with a lifting device () arranged outside the gasifier head ().3356. The 3-zone gasifier as claimed in or claim 1 , characterized in that the perforated bottom () has a channel-like design and a free aperture surface of approx. 8 to 12% with respect to the area bordering the discharge chute ().41718191314. 3-zone gasifier as claimed in or claim 1 , characterized in that the gasifier head () comprises a servicing access () and an evacuation duct () which lead through the gasifier shell () and the insulation ().5. The 3-zone gasifier as claimed in or claim 1 , characterized in that the solids inlet (1) comprises a flexible connection (2) and a conveyor screw and terminates horizontally in the gasifier trough (3).633. The 3-zone gasifier as claimed in claim 5 , characterized in that the solids inlet (1) terminates in the gasifier trough (3) nearly two thirds below the filling limit () of the solid.713311612415. The 3-zone gasifier as claimed in or claim 5 , characterized in that the gasifier shell () holds the gasifier trough () with the separating space () and the discharge chute () via a flange connection () by means of the casing () and is supported by a bearing ().8212326. The 3-zone gasifier as claimed in or claim 5 , characterized in that the truncated cone () is perforated claim 5 , pierced claim 5 , slotted and/or sieve-shaped and the flow control valve body () has a ball claim 5 , cone or half-shell claim 5 , planar or cylindrical shape and the baffle () is angular claim 5 , round claim 5 , oval claim 5 , folded or profiled.912332. A method for operating a 3-zone gasifier as claimed in one or more of the preceding to ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING LIQUID FUEL FROM CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK THROUGH GASIFICATION AND RECYCLING OF DOWNSTREAM PRODUCTS

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas. 1. A method of producing jet fuel and/or diesel fuel from carbonaceous material , the method comprising:(a) providing a source of carbonaceous material;(b) after step (a), densifying said carbonaceous material;(c) after step (b), reacting the carbonaceous material with steam and carbon dioxide in an endothermic reaction to produce a product gas which includes at least some carbon dioxide;(d) after step (c), cooling the product gas in a heat exchanger;(e) after step (d), scrubbing the product gas in a scrubber;(f) after step (e), compressing the product gas;(g) after step (f), removing carbon dioxide from the product gas, and recycling at least a portion of the removed carbon dioxide as a reactant in step (c);(h) after step (g), reacting the product gas with a catalyst to produce one or more Fischer Tropsch products including tail gas;(i) after step (h), upgrading the one or more Fischer Tropsch products to produce said jet fuel and/or diesel fuel plus naphtha; andrecycling at least a portion of ...

Steam Generating Slurry Gasifier for the Catalytic Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

Steam generating gasification reactors for providing high-pressure and high-temperature steam for catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock can be based on oxygen blown gasification reactors adapted for processing a slurry feedstock comprising at least 40% water. The exhaust from the slurry gasifier comprises at least steam, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The slurry composition and the oxygen to fuel ratio can be varied to control the ratio of carbonaceous gases in the generator exhaust. By directing substantially all of exhaust gases produced from the slurry gasification reactor through the catalytic gasifier and subsequent gas separation and sequestration processes, a greatly higher energy efficiency and decreased carbon footprint can be realized.

Sour Shift Process for the Removal of Carbon Monoxide from a Gas Stream

Processes for the catalytic conversion of a carbonaceous composition into a gas stream comprising methane are provided, where a sour shift reaction is used to remove carbon monoxide gas stream produced by the gasification process. The incorporation of the sour shift reaction provides an efficient and cost-effective means of eliminating carbon monoxide from the gas stream. In addition, the sour shift reaction also generates additional hydrogen, thus increasing the amount of hydrogen produced from the gasification process.

Processes For Hydromethanation Of A Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam, syngas and an oxygen-rich gas stream.

Gasification process using group ii-a metal treated coal

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A novel process, and the compositions formed thereby, wherein a Group II-A metal, or compound thereof, can be ion-exchanged onto coal, and thereafter a Group I metal physically admixed or other wise incorporated therewith, so that the composition can be pyrolyzed, and gasified, to form a high-BTU, intermediate-BTU or synthesis fuel gas. Suitably, the Group II metal, or alkaline earth metal, can be directly ion-exchanged onto a low rank coal, without necessity of any pretreatment. An alkaline earth metal, or metals, can also be ion-exchanged onto a high rank coal, notably one deficient in natural active exchange sites, such as a subbituminous or bituminous coal, by (a) contacting, heating and soaking the coal in an alkali solution of a Group I-A metal compound or an admixture of metal compounds of Group II-A metals sufficient to incorporate said Group I-A metal compound, or cation portion thereof, into said coal and form ion-exchange sites,. (b) or by ox-idation of the high rank coal by contact with an oxidizing agent, prefer-ably an oxygen-containing gas (air), peroxygen compound, oxiding acid or the like, to form ion-exchange sites, ion-exchanging a Group II metal onto the active sites thus created, and thereafter admixing or otherwise incor-porating the Group I metal to form the desired composition.

Method for producing synthesis gas or a hydrocarbon product

Synthesis gas is produced from a carbonaceous fuel, using a process in a gasification reactor. The carbonaceous fuel and an oxygen containing stream are supplied to a burner of a gasification reactor, wherein a CO 2 -containing transport gas is used to transport the solid carbonaceous fuel to the burner. The weight ratio of CO 2 to the carbonaceous fuel is less than 0.5 on a dry basis. The carbonaceous fuel is partially oxidized in the gasification reactor, whereby a gaseous stream of synthesis gas is obtained. This synthesis gas can be further processed in a downstream process path to convert it into a hydrocarbon product. The downstream process path may contain a methanol-synthesis reactor to produce the hydrocarbon product in the form of methanol. The downstream process path may contain a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to produce one or more from a range of hydrocarbon products.

Solid carbonaceous feed to liquid process

A B S T R A C T SOLID CARBONACEOUS FEED TO LIQUID PROCESS Process to prepare a paraffinic hydrocarbon from a solid carbonaceous feedstock, preferably coal by performing the following steps, (a) feeding an oxygen comprising gas and the carbonaceous feedstock to a burner positioned horizontal and firing into a reactor vessel, (b) performing a partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock in said burner to obtain a stream of hot synthesis gas which flows upwardly relative to the burner and a liquid slag which flows downwardly relative to the burner, (c) cooling the hot synthesis gas by first cooling the gas to a temperature of between 500 and 900 *C by injecting a gaseous or liquid cooling medium into the synthesis gas and subsequently second cooling the gas in to below 500 *C by direct contacting with water, (d) separating solids from the cooled synthesis gas by means of a water scrubbing process step, (e) performing a water shift reaction on at least part of the scrubbed synthesis gas, (f) separating sulphur compounds, carbon dioxide and other possible impurities from the shifted gas to obtain a purified synthesis gas, (g) performing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using the purified synthesis gas of step (f) to obtain a synthesis product comprising paraffinic hydrocarbons. C:)~ U-) to0 1~* 1o cv, CD 0) C~%J U,1 L

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising the steps of (a) partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock with a molecular oxygen comprising gas to obtain a synthesis gas comprising water, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon dioxide besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen, (b) mixing the synthesis gas and methanol and reducing the temperature of said mixture and separating a liquid methanol-water mixture from the cooled gaseous synthesis gas, (c) contacting the cooled synthesis gas obtained in step (b) with methanol to decrease the content of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas, thereby obtaining a rich methanol stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide and a synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide; (d) regenerating the rich methanol stream of step (c) by separating from the rich methanol a carbon dioxide fraction and a hydrogen sulphide fraction such to obtain lean methanol, which lean methanol is used as the methanol in step (b) and (c), and wherein (e) part of the methanol in the methanol-water mixture is isolated and reused in the steps (b) and/or (c) and wherein, (f ) another part of the methanol as present in the methanol-water mixture obtained in step (b) is recycled to step (a) under conditions such that methanol is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Enhancement of Fischer-Tropsch process for hydrocarbon fuel formulation

An enhanced Fischer-Tropsch process for the synthesis of sulfur free, clean burning, green hydrocarbon fuels, examples of which include syndiesel and aviation fuel. Naphtha is destroyed in a hydrogen generator and recycled as feedstock to a syngas (FT) reactor in order to enhance the production of syndiesel from the reactor. A further variation integrates a second hydrogen generator capturing light hydrocarbon gas for conversion to hydrogen and carbon monoxide which supplements the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The result is a considerable increase in the volume of syndiesel formulated. A system for effecting the process is also characterized in the specification.

Using fossil fuels to increase biomass-based fuel benefits

In the production of fuel such as ethanol from carbonaceous feed material such as biomass, a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is added to the raw gas stream derived from the feed material, and the resulting combined stream is converted into fuel and a gaseous byproduct such as by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The gaseous byproduct may be utilized in the formation of the aforementioned stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Process to prepare an activated carbon product and a syngas mixture

The invention is directed to a process to prepare an activated carbon product and a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds from a solid torrefied biomass feed comprising the following steps. (i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles. (ii) separating the solids fraction from the gaseous fraction. and (iii) activating the char particles as obtained in step (ii) to obtain the activated carbon product.

processes and system for generating high pressure steam from the synthesis gas fermentation process.

DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING A FINE PARTICULATED SOLID MATERIAL FROM A ROOM WITH SUBSTANTIALLY NORMAL PRESSURE INTO A ROOM WITH INCREASED PRESSURE

用于包括甲烷化处理的发电系统和方法

本申请涉及一种发电系统，所述发电系统适于在使用固体或液体碳氢化合物或含碳燃料时利用碳捕捉实现高效率发电。更具体地，所述固体或液体燃料首先在部分氧化反应器中被部分氧化，所述部分氧化反应器被配置成提供富含甲烷含量的输出流。所产生的部分氧化的流可以被冷却、过滤、附加地冷却，然后作为燃烧燃料被引导到发电系统的燃烧器。部分氧化的流与被压缩的循环CO 2 流和氧气组合。燃烧流横穿汽轮机被膨胀以便发电并且通过回热式换热器。循环CO 2 流被压缩并且以有利于对组合系统提供提高的效率的方式穿过回热式换热器和可选的POX换热器。

Using fossil fuels to increase biomass-based synthetic fuel benefits

FIELD: fuel. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to improvement in production of liquid fuels from solid material. Method for production of fuel from carbonaceous feed material includes: (A) providing fossil-fuel hydrocarbon feed, selected from a group comprising natural gas, methane, naphtha, liquid petroleum gases (LPG), (B) forming from said fossil-fuel hydrocarbon feed a gaseous product stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a molar ratio of H 2 :CO of at least 2.0:1, (C) adding gaseous product stream formed in step (B) to a synthesis gas stream containing hydrogen and CO, that is derived from carbonaceous feed material, selected from biomass, coal, coke or bitumen by gasification in sufficient amount to produce a mixed synthesis gas stream, having molar ratio H 2 :CO, higher than that of said stream of synthesis gas produced from carbonaceous feed material, (D) conversion of said mixed stream of synthesis gas with formation of product fuel and extraction from said conversion stream of by-products, including one or more of hydrogen, CO, water vapour, methane and hydrocarbons, containing 2-8 carbon atoms and 0-2 oxygen atoms, and includes a step (E), where stream of by-products is divided - conducting reaction of less than 100 % of said stream of by-products in formation of said gaseous product stream at step (B) and also to less than 100 % stream of by-products obtained at step (D) is fed to step (B) and combusted for producing heat consumed in formation of said gaseous product stream at step (B), wherein method further involves evaporation of feed water stream by means of heat produced by conversion of said mixed stream of synthesis gas at step (D) to obtain vapour, introducing said stream of water vapour in reaction with hydrocarbon stock based on fossil fuel at step (B) and in gasification of carbonaceous feed material. Disclosed is a version of method. EFFECT: technical result is improvement of start-up and operating capacity of whole system of fuel ...

Gasification device and its application

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: gasification device includes gasification reactor 43 and tank 44 for synthetic gas cooling. Gasification reactor 43 contains high pressure shell, slag bath located in lower part of high pressure shell, gasifier wall located inside gas pressure shell limiting gasification chamber 47. Upper end of gasifier wall is connected with pipeline 51to tank 44, which contains inlet for hot synthetic gas, outlet 49 for cooled synthetic gas, and facilities 46 for liquid water contact with hot synthetic gas. Resulting gas mixture is cooled down in connective pipeline to the temperature in the range from 500 to 900C due to injection of liquid cooling medium and then in tank to the temperature below 500C in contact with water. Said cooling in connective pipe and/or tank for synthetic gas cooling is performed by injection of water droplets mist into gas flow. ^ EFFECT: invention provides for use of the raw material with high alkaline content. ^ 14 cl, 3 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 441 900 (13) C2 (51) МПК C10J 3/48 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2008147138/05, 27.04.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 27.04.2007 C 2 C 2 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2004005438 A1, 15.01.2004. DE 10004138 A1, 09.08.2001. SU 917700 A1, 30.03.1982. US 4859213 A, 22.08.1989. SU 1745990 A1, 07.07.1992. SU 725570 A3, 30.03.1980. RU 2233312 C1, 27.07.2004. DE 3809313 A1, 05.10.1989. US 4973337 A, 27.11.1990. EP 0926441 A1, 30.06.1999. WO 9317759 A1, 16.09.1993. R U 2 4 4 1 9 0 0 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 01.12.2008 (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2007/053869 (27.04.2007) (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2007/125046 (08.11.2007) Адрес для переписки: 103735, Москва, ул. Ильинка, 5/2, ООО "Союзпатент", пат.пов. Ю.В.Пинчуку, рег.№ 656 (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ (57) Реферат: Данные изобретения ...

Система, вырабатывающая электрическую энергию с помощью газификации горючих веществ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, в частности к технологии преобразования химической энергии горючих веществ в электрическую энергию с высокой эффективностью, где горючие вещества газифицируются для получения газа и полученный газ используется в топливном элементе для выработки электрической энергии. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение эффективности преобразования химической энергии горючих веществ в электрическую. Предложенная низкотемпературная газификационная печь для газификации горючих веществ, таких как горючие отходы или уголь, работает при температуре, например, 400-1000°С, а полученный газ затем подается в топливный элемент для выработки электрической энергии. Низкотемпературная газификационная печь предпочтительно представляет собой газификационную печь с псевдоожиженным слоем. 3 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 25 ил. ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 270 849 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ C10J 3/00 (2006.01) H01M 8/06 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2001115091/09, 05.11.1999 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 05.11.1999 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 05.11.1998 JP 10/330161 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÈÁÀÐÀ ÊÎÐÏÎÐÅÉØÍ (JP) (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 27.02.2006 Áþë. ¹ 6 2 2 7 0 8 4 9 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: RU 2107359 C1, 20.03.1973. RU 2073064 C1, 10.02.1997. RU 2121197 C1, 27.10.1998. SU 1114342 A3, 15.09.1984. RU 2014346 C1, 15.06.1994. ÅÐ 0170277 À, 05.02.1986. US 5509264 À, 23.04.1996. (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 05.06.2001 2 2 7 0 8 4 9 R U (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 00/27951 (18.05.2000) C 2 C 2 (86) Çà âêà PCT: JP 99/06185 (05.11.1999) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Å.È.Åìåëü íîâó (54) ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ, ÂÛÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÙÀß ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÓÞ ÝÍÅÐÃÈÞ Ñ ÏÎÌÎÙÜÞ ÃÀÇÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ ÃÎÐÞ×ÈÕ ÂÅÙÅÑÒ (57) Ðåôåðàò: Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ...

涉及煤到液体方法的改进

从固体碳质燃料(8)制备烃产品的方法，该方法至少包括如下步骤：(a)将固体碳质燃料(8)和含氧物流(9)提供到气化反应器(10)的燃烧器，其中含CO 2 的输送气体(30，32)用于输送所述固体碳质燃料(8)到所述燃烧器，其中步骤(a)中CO 2 与碳质燃料的重量比以干基计小于0.5；(b)在所述气化反应器中部分氧化所述碳质燃料，从而获得至少包含CO、CO 2 和H 2 的气体物流(11)；(c)从所述气化反应器除去步骤(b)中获得的所述气体物流；(d)任选地变换转化(16)至少一部分在步骤(c)中获得的气体物流，从而获得贫含CO的物流；(e)将步骤(c)的气体物流和/或任选的步骤(d)的贫含CO的物流进行费-托反应以获得烃产品(24)。

Combined system for direct reduction of iron

FIELD: metallurgy, namely iron production. SUBSTANCE: system for producing iron by means of direct reduction of iron is combined with turbine power generator and, preferably with cryogenic unit for air separation in which exhaust gas of direct reduction process drives turbine. Oxygen from unit for air separation is used for producing synthesis gas for direct reduction. Nitrogen from unit for air separation lowers creation of NOx and increases power production in turbine. EFFECT: possibility for effectively using system in any geographical zone independently upon presence of outer electric energy sources in such zone. 8 cl, 5 dwg _ СЗУЗУЗССсС ПЧ сэ (19) РОССИЙСКОЕ — АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ ВЦ 2 225 452 (51) МПК? (13) С2 С 21В 13/00, С 10 + 3/00 12 ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 99119729/02 , 09.09.1999 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 09.09.1999 (30) Приоритет: 10.09.1998 4$ 09/150 245 (46) Дата публикации: 10.03.2004 (56) Ссылки: ЦЗ 4678480, 07.07.1987. $9 1535896 А, 15.01.1990. СМ 1109510 А, 04.10.1995. Ц$ 5117623 А, 02.06.1992. (98) Адрес для переписки: 129010, Москва, ул. Большая Спасская, 25, стр.3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры", пат.пов. Е.В.Томской (72) Изобретатель: ДРНЕВИЧ Раймонд Фрэнсис (9$) (73) Патентообладатель: ПРАКСАИР ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ, ИНК. (4$) (74) Патентный поверенный: Томская Елена Владимировна (54) ОБЪЕДИНЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА ПРЯМОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА (57) Изобретение относится к области металлургии, в частности к получению железа. Система для получения железа прямым восстановлением объединена с турбинным генератором энергии и предпочтительно криогенной установкой разделения воздуха, в которой отходящий газ от прямого восстановления приводит в действие турбину, а кислород из установки разделения воздуха используют для выработки синтез-газа для прямого восстановления. Азот из — установки разделения воздуха уменьшает образование МОх и повышает выработку энергии в турбине. ...

System of electric power generation at fermentation of synthesis gas

FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: method for production of high pressure steam during fermentation of synthesis gas involves bringing in contact of hot synthesis gas with a temperature higher than 760°C (1400 °F) with cooled synthesis gas with a temperature from 177 °C to 232 °C (350 °F-450 °F), herewith the cooled synthesis gas is mixed with the hot synthesis gas in a ratio from 0.1 to 20 to produce in the inlet orifice of the waste heat recovery boiler a preliminary cooled synthesis gas with the temperature of 760 °C (1400 °F) or less, and supply of the preliminary cooled synthesis gas in the waste heat recovery boiler producing a high pressure steam and the cooled synthesis gas. EFFECT: invention provides high-efficiency production of high pressure steam during fermentation of synthesis gas. 10 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (51) МПК C10J 3/86 (11) (13) 2 603 663 C2 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013149044/05, 04.04.2012 (21)(22) Заявка: (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 04.04.2012 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: US US US US (73) Патентообладатель(и): ИНЕОС БИО СА (CH) 61/516,646; 61/516,704; 61/516,667; 13/324,321 (45) Опубликовано: 27.11.2016 Бюл. № 33 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 4823741 A, 25.04.1989;US 7552701 B2, 30.06.2009;RU 2120469 C1, 20.10.1998;RU 2117687 C1, 20.08.1998;US 4238403 A, 09.12.1980. (86) Заявка PCT: C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 06.11.2013 US 2012/032180 (04.04.2012) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 6 0 3 6 6 3 WO 2012/138766 (11.10.2012) R U 2 6 0 3 6 6 3 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.05.2015 Бюл. № 14 R U 06.04.2011 06.04.2011 06.04.2011 13.12.2011 (72) Автор(ы): БЕЛЛ Петер С (US), ОКФЕМИА Ким (US), БЕРНСТЭД Стивен Джон (GB), ПАРКЕР Грэм (GB) Адрес для переписки: 119019, Москва, Гоголевский бульвар, 11, этаж 3, "Гоулингз Интернэшнл Инк.", Соболеву А.Ю ...

可燃物气化发电系统

本发明提供了一种在预定温度如400～1000℃下气化可燃物，如可燃性废弃物或煤的低温气化炉(2)，再将所生成的气体供给燃料电池(6)进行发电。低温气化炉优选包括流化床气化炉。