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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 3276. Отображено 100.
18-03-2020 дата публикации

Газогенератор синтез-газа

Номер: RU0000196884U1

Полезная модель относится к нефтегазохимическому производству и предназначена для использования в качестве химического реактора парциального некаталитического окисления углеводородного сырья для получения синтез-газа. Газогенератор синтез-газа включает смесительную головку с системой воспламенения и трехсекционную реакционную камеру, представляющую охлаждаемый цилиндр, состоящий из камеры сгорания, узла ввода воды и испарительной камеры. Смесительную головку с камерой сгорания и секции реакционной камеры соединяют быстроразъёмными соединениями, состоящими из фланцев (10) с отверстиями, фитингов (13) с пазами (12) и уплотнительных колец (11). Техническим результатом является повышение надежности газогенератора синтез-газа за счет улучшения его ремонтопригодности. 4 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 196 884 U1 (51) МПК B01J 7/00 (2006.01) C01B 3/32 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C01B 3/32 (2019.08); B01J 7/00 (2019.08); C10J 3/20 (2019.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2019127455, 31.08.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): Кузьмин Алексей Михайлович (RU) Дата регистрации: 18.03.2020 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 31.08.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 18.03.2020 Бюл. № 8 1 9 6 8 8 4 R U (54) Газогенератор синтез-газа (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к нефтегазохимическому производству и предназначена для использования в качестве химического реактора парциального некаталитического окисления углеводородного сырья для получения синтез-газа. Газогенератор синтез-газа включает смесительную головку с системой воспламенения и трехсекционную реакционную камеру, представляющую охлаждаемый цилиндр, состоящий из камеры Стр.: 1 сгорания, узла ввода воды и испарительной камеры. Смесительную головку с камерой сгорания и секции реакционной камеры соединяют быстроразъёмными соединениями, состоящими из фланцев (10) с отверстиями, фитингов (13) с пазами (12) и ...

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16-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for processing of carbon-containing feed stock into gasification gas

Номер: US20120036778A1
Автор: Sergii Y. Stryzhak
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

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24-05-2012 дата публикации

Pyrolyser

Номер: US20120125757A1
Автор: Robert D. Eden
Принадлежит: Process Ltd

The present invention provides a pyrolysis system comprising an entrained flow pyrolyser having an opening through which biomass can be added. The pyrolyser also has an inlet for hot exhaust gas, an outlet for pyrolysed biomass and an outlet for syngas. The system has a burner for producing hot exhaust gas and a conduit between the burner and the hot exhaust gas inlet. A syngas extraction means for extracting syngas from the pyrolyser. The syngas extraction means extracts syngas from the pyrolyser at a rate such that the internal pressure within the pyrolyser never exceeds the pressure external to the pyrolyser.

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13-09-2012 дата публикации

Hydrogen Generating Fuel Cell Cartridges

Номер: US20120230909A1
Принадлежит: BIC SA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA

A gas-generating apparatus includes a cartridge including a reservoir having a first reactant and a reaction chamber, and a receiver that can include a flow control device. The receiver is adapted to receive the cartridge and to transport the first reactant to the reaction chamber after connection with the cartridge. The flow control device is adapted to stop the transport of reactant when the pressure in the reaction chamber reaches a predetermined pressure.

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21-11-2013 дата публикации

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

Номер: US20130306913A1
Принадлежит: Curtin University of Technology

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR FOR EMISSION-FREE GENERATION OF ENERGY

Номер: US20200002632A1
Автор: RÜDLINGER Mikael
Принадлежит:

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M) and pyrolysis gas (M) are formed. In a second process stage (P), the pyrolysis coke (M) from the first process stage (P) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M) is formed, and slag and other residues (M M M M) are removed. In a third process stage (P), the synthesis gas (M) from the second process stage (P) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M), which are discharged. The three process stages (P P P) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M) from the third process stage (P) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P), and/or the second process stage (P), and pyrolysis gas (M) from the first process stage (P) is passed into the second process stage (P), and/or the third process stage (P). 1. A process for the emission-free generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products by utilization of carbonaceous materials , in which in a first process stage the carbonaceous materials are supplied and pyrolysed , wherein pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas are formed; in a second process stage , the pyrolysis coke from the first process stage is gasified , wherein synthesis gas is formed , and slag and other residues are removed; and in a third process stage , the synthesis gas from the second process stage is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid , liquid and/or gaseous products , which are discharged; wherein the three process stages form a closed cycle , surplus gas from the third process stage is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage and/or the second process stage , and the pyrolysis gas of the first process stage is passed into the second process stage and/or the third process stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is supplied in at least one ...

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27-01-2022 дата публикации

REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GASIFYING AND/OR MELTING OF FEED MATERIALS

Номер: US20220025284A1
Автор: WEGNER André
Принадлежит: KBI INVEST & MANAGEMENT AG

A reactor enables gasification or melting of waste and additional feed materials. The reactor includes a co-current section with a plenum section and a feed section with a sluice. Feed materials are introduced into the reactor. The reactor further includes a buffer section and a pre-treatment section, which adjoins a bottom of the buffer section to create a cross-sectional enlargement. An intermediate section adjoins the pre-treatment section. An upper oxidation section adjoins a bottom of the intermediate section and includes tuyeres in at least one level. An upper reduction section adjoins a bottom of the upper oxidation section. The reactor further includes a gas outlet section. The reactor further includes a countercurrent section having a conical lower reduction section and a conical lower oxidation section adjoining the conical lower reduction section having at least one tuyere and at least one tapping. 1100. Reactor () for gasifying and/or melting of feed materials , the reactor comprising{'b': '110', 'claim-text': [{'b': '111', 'claim-text': [{'b': 112', '100, 'a feed section with a sluice () through which the feed materials are introduced into the reactor () from above,'}, {'b': 113', '112, 'a buffer section () located below the feed section (),'}, {'b': 114', '113', '140, 'a pre-treatment section () that is located below the bottom of the buffer section () and which has a cross-sectional enlargement in the upper area and a narrowing cross-section in the bottom area so that a discharge cone () of the feed material can form,'}, {'b': 119', '114', '114, 'at least one gas supply means () which open in the pre-treatment section () in the region of the cross-sectional enlargement of the pre-treatment section () and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone, and'}, {'b': 115', '114, 'an intermediate section () that is located below the bottom of the pre-treatment section (),'}], 'a plenum section () comprising'}, {'b': 116', '115', '116', '117', ' ...

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20160016793A1
Принадлежит:

Reactive diluent fluid () is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or “syngas”) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (“PDX”) reactor () to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted () with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit () such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

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26-01-2017 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION

Номер: US20170022434A1
Автор: Mason James
Принадлежит:

A downdraft gasifier for producing a gaseous fuel to be used in an engine from a carbonaceous material with a pyrolysis module, a reactor module, and a heat exchanger system that cooperate to produce the gaseous fuel from the carbonaceous material and to extract particulates from the gaseous fuel from the reactor. The heat exchange system includes a first heat exchanger coupled to the dryer module that heats the carbonaceous material with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to dry the carbonaceous material; a second heat exchanger coupled to the pyrolysis module that heats the dried carbonaceous material with the exhaust from the engine to pyrolyze the dried carbonaceous material into tar gas and charcoal; and a third heat exchanger coupled to the reactor module that heats air used to combust the tar gas with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to preheat the air. 1. A downdraft gasifier system for producing a gaseous fuel from a carbonaceous material , the downdraft gasifier system comprising:a dryer module;a pyrolysis module;a reactor module defining a combustion zone and a reduction zone, the reactor module comprising an air path fluidly connecting an oxygen source to the combustion zone of a reactor module interior, and a gaseous fuel outlet fluidly connected to the reduction zone;an engine comprising an engine inlet and an exhaust outlet; and a first heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly separated from the dryer module, the first heat exchanger fluidly coupled between the gaseous fuel outlet and the engine inlet;', 'a second heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly isolated from the pyrolysis module, fluidly coupled to the engine exhaust; and', 'a third heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly separated from the air path, the third heat exchanger fluidly coupled between the gaseous fuel outlet and the first heat exchanger., 'a heat exchanger system comprising2. The downdraft gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

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17-04-2014 дата публикации

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Номер: US20140107234A1
Принадлежит: Fulcrum Bioenergy Inc

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

GAS PURIFICATION APPARATUS AND GAS PURIFICATION METHOD

Номер: US20160032201A1
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

The present invention is intended to provide a gas purification apparatus and a gas purification method with an excellent thermal efficiency and capable of degrading COS at a high degradation rate. A gas purification apparatus configured to purify gas at least including COS, HO, CO, and HS includes a COS treatment device which is provided with a COS conversion catalyst and configured to treat and degrade COS in the gas by hydrolysis, and HO adjustment means configured to adjust the concentration of HO in the gas to be introduced into the COS treatment device. 110-. (canceled)11. A gas purification apparatus configured to purify gas at least including COS , HO , CO , and HS , the apparatus at least comprising:a COS treatment device comprising a COS conversion catalyst and configured to degrade COS in the gas by hydrolyzing;{'sub': 2', '2, 'HO adjustment means configured to adjust a concentration of HO in the gas to be introduced into the COS treatment device;'}a coal drying device configured to dry coal by removing moisture from the coal; anda gasification furnace configured to gasify the dried coal,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the HO adjustment means is configured to adjust the moisture content in the coal by using the coal drying device.'}13. The gas purification apparatus according to claim 11 , further comprising:at least one water washing device configured to wash the gas discharged from the COS treatment device with water; andat least one waste water treatment device configured to treat the waste water discharged from the water washing device,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the HO adjustment means is configured to mix water from the waste water treatment device with the gas to be introduced into the COS treatment device.'}14. The gas purification apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the HO adjustment means is configured to mix steam with the gas to be introduced into the COS treatment device.15. A gas purification method for purifying gas at least including COS claim 11 , ...

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17-02-2022 дата публикации

Reactor and Process for Gasifying and/or Melting of Feed Materials

Номер: US20220049169A1
Принадлежит: AFRICAN RAINBOW MINERALS Ltd

This invention relates to a method and a reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock material. The method includes the steps of choke-feeding a carbonaceous feedstock material into a pyrolysis zone of the reactor to form a discharge bed; heating the discharge bed to initiate pyrolysis of the feedstock material to form a pyrolysis product; providing a lower lying upper oxidation zone; gasifying the pyrolysis product to form a bed of char; converting thermal energy into chemical energy in an upper reduction zone; providing a lower lying lower oxidation zone; collecting any metal slag and/or slag melts in the lower oxidation zone; and discharging hot reducing gases having a temperature of at least 1300° C. and a CO/CO 2 ratio of ≥5, more preferably ≥15.

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthesis Gas

Номер: US20200032150A1
Принадлежит:

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure claim 1 , preferably greater than full vacuum and less than 600 psig claim 1 , more preferably between atmospheric pressure and 100 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas composition has a H2:CO ratio from about 0.5 to about 1.5 claim 1 , preferably about 0.8 to about 1.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous fuel material comprises biomass fuel selected from wood chips claim 1 , railway tie chips claim 1 , waste wood claim 1 , forestry waste claim 1 , sewage sludge claim 1 , pet coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) claim 1 , Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) claim 1 , or any combination.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the biomass fuel is formed by a chipping claim 4 , shredding claim 4 , extrusion claim 4 , mechanical processing claim 4 , compacting claim 4 , pelletizing claim 4 , granulating claim 4 , or crushing process.6. The process of claim 4 , where the biofuel has been sprayed with claim 4 , coated with or impregnated with liquid or solid carbonaceous materials.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PDX stage temperature is greater than 1250° C. claim 1 , or greater than the ash fusion temperature to create liquid slag.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising processing and cooling the tar free syngas to be used for ...

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04-02-2021 дата публикации

Thermal and chemical utilization of carbonaceous materials, in particular for emission-free generation of energy

Номер: US20210032553A1
Автор: Mikael Rüdlinger
Принадлежит: RV Lizenz AG

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P 1 ) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) are formed. In a second process stage (P 2 ), the pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M 24 ) is formed, and slag and other residues (M 91 , M 92 , M 93 , M 94 ) are removed. In a third process stage (P 3 ), the synthesis gas (M 24 ) from the second process stage (P 2 ) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M 60 ), which are discharged. The three process stages (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M 25 ) from the third process stage (P 3 ) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P 1 ), and/or the second process stage (P 2 ), and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is passed into the second process stage (P 2 ), and/or the third process stage (P 3 ).

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06-02-2020 дата публикации

Method for Gasifying Feedstock with High Yield Production of Biochar

Номер: US20200040268A1
Принадлежит: Aries Gasification, LLC

A downdraft gasifier and method of gasification with high yield biochar that utilizes a plurality of high throughput, vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. A rotating and vertically adjustable rotating grate is located beneath the reduction zone of the gasifier. In addition, a drying zone is located above the pyrolysis zone so the heat of the gasifier can be used to dry feedstock before it enters the gasifier. By optimizing the grate height and rpm, feedstock retention time in the drying zone, the drying zone temperature and feedstock moisture content, the result is gasification of biomass with a high yield and continuous biochar production. 1. A method of gasifying feedstock with a high yield of biochar comprising:Filling a gasifier with feedstock; said gasifier comprising a plurality of conjoined and vertically positioned tubes having an interior wall, an exterior wall, a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end provides an inlet and the distal end provides an outlet, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone and a reduction zone;Drying the feedstock;Igniting the feedstock to create an oxidation band;Injecting oxidant streams into the oxidation zone using at least two rings of plano air inlets;Moving feedstock sequentially from the drying zone through the pyrolysis zone where the feedstock begins to decompose, then through an oxidation zone where the feedstock begins to change to producer gas and then through a reduction zone where the change to producer gas is completed, the gas cools and separates from the biochar;Holding feedstock and a bed of biochar inside the gasifier using a rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below the reduction zone, said position of the grate forming a variably sized bypass between the grate and the reduction zone;Removing biochar through the rotating grate and the bypass;Removing ...

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08-05-2014 дата публикации

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

Номер: US20140125052A1
Автор: Roy Edward McAlister
Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies LLC

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

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25-02-2016 дата публикации

Waste gasification melting apparatus and waste gasification melting method using the same

Номер: US20160053992A1
Принадлежит: JFE Engineering Corp

Problem to be Solved To provide a waste gasification melting apparatus which, even if a fuel gas is used as an alternative to a part of the coke, the temperature of the coke bed can be sufficiently raised, and a method using the same. Solution A waste gasification melting apparatus including an oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 for blowing oxygen rich air into a tuyere 5 , and a fuel gas supply apparatus 15 for supplying a fuel gas to the tuyere 5 , and a controller 16 for controlling the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 ; the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 mixing air and oxygen to prepare oxygen rich air and supply the oxygen rich air to the tuyere 5 ; and the controller 16 controlling the amount of air to be mixed and the amount of oxygen to be mixed in the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 so as to give an oxygen concentration of the oxygen rich air in accordance with the amount of fuel gas supplied to the tuyere 5 from the fuel gas supply apparatus 15.

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01-03-2018 дата публикации

Method of producing product gas from multiple carbonaceous feedstock streams mixed with a reduced-pressure mixing gas

Номер: US20180057760A1
Принадлежит: ThermoChem Recovery International Inc

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

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01-03-2018 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20180057762A1
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

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17-03-2022 дата публикации

METHODS, PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM WASTE, BIOGENIC WASTE AND BIOMASS

Номер: US20220081629A1
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are novel devices, systems, and methods of using the same, that enable plasma-enhanced gasification of biogenic hydrocarbon waste material comprising: a geometrically designed reactor having a biochar carbon catalyst bed, together with a gas inlet system disposed around a lower section of the apparatus to supply oxidant gas generated by an integrated oxygen absorber system; to enhance the partial oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbon waste materials using exothermic heat generated by an oxidation reaction created in part by the integrated oxygen absorber system into the apparatus, in order to optimize the quantity and quality of hydrogen production in the synthetic gas produced therein. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising: a material delivery system to provide said material to said reactor through said plurality of intake ports claim 1 , said delivery system comprising: a receptacle to receive said material claim 1 , a shredding and compacting unit disposed to accept said material from said receptacle and to shred and compact said material claim 1 , and a transfer unit to deliver said shredded and compacted material to said reactor.3. An apparatus according to wherein said material comprises biomass material and biogenic hydrocarbon waste materials.4. An apparatus according to wherein said biomass and biogenic hydrocarbon waste material comprises the non-fossilized and biodegradable organic material originating from products claim 3 , by-products and residues of plants claim 3 , municipal solid waste claim 3 , agriculture waste claim 3 , and forestry waste.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said biochar catalyst bed is about 0.5-10 meters claim 1 , 1-5 meters or 1 meter in height.6. An apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising a plurality of sensors disposed throughout said reactor to sense one or more of: a height of said biochar catalyst bed claim 2 , a height of a bed of said material claim 2 , a temperature ...

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17-03-2022 дата публикации

Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels

Номер: US20220081630A1
Принадлежит:

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

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10-03-2016 дата публикации

Gasification system

Номер: US20160068773A1
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC

A gasification system method and apparatus to convert a feed stream containing at least some organic material into synthesis gas having a first region, a second region, a gas solid separator, and a means for controlling the flow of material from the first region to the second region. The feed stream is introduced into the system, and the feed stream is partially oxidized in the first region thereby creating a solid material and a gas material. The method further includes the steps of separating at least a portion of the solid material from the gas material with the gas solid separator, controlling the flow of the solid material into the second region from the first region, and heating the solid material in the second region with an electrical means.

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27-02-2020 дата публикации

ROTATING AND MOVABLE BED GASIFIER PRODUCING HIGH CARBON CHAR

Номер: US20200063052A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention includes a gasifier for gasifying fuels having a container with a top, sidewalls and a bottom for facilitating the gasifying process. One or more open vertical shafts extend downward inside the container for allowing a downdraft or updraft of air and fuel for the gasifying process. A rotating bed is preferably included inside the container and below the one or more shafts for receiving the fuel. The bed rotates essentially perpendicular to the shaft to facilitate even heating and gasifying of the fuel. The bed is further movable relative to the vertical shaft in order to increase or decrease the volume of fuel flow to the fuel. 1. A gasifier for gasifying fuels comprising:a container having an inside and an outside;a generally vertical open fire tube extending into the inside of the container and including one or more fingers extending from a lower portion of the fire tube;a rotating fuel bed located within the inside of the container and spaced from the one or more fingers of the fire tube wherein the distance between the bed and the fingers of the fire tube is greater than zero;an adjustable mechanism for elevating and lowering the fire tube, the mechanism elevating or lowering the fire tube relative to the bed to adjust the distance between the one or more fingers of the fire tube and the bed; anda motor and a drive shaft connecting the motor to the bed for rotating the bed.2. The gasifier of whereby the adjustable mechanism comprises a screw and threaded opening.3. The gasifier of whereby the adjustable mechanism comprises a fluid pressure activated piston.4. The gasifier of whereby the adjustable mechanism is automated.5. The gasifier of further comprising a gas monitoring system for detecting levels of CO claim 4 , H claim 4 , and O.6. The gasifier of whereby the automated adjustable mechanism responds to changes detected by the gas monitoring system.7. The gasifier of wherein the bed has sidewalls extending upwardly.8. A gasifier for ...

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17-03-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING CORROSION IN A REACTOR SYSTEM USING CORROSION PROTECTION LAYERS

Номер: US20160075957A1
Автор: COOKE Cameron Graeme
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Systems and methods for reducing or eliminating corrosion of components of a reactor system, including a supercritical water gasification system, are described. Corrosion protection layers may be configured to provide a physical barrier between component surfaces and subcritical fluid present in one or more subcritical zones during operation of the reactor system. The corrosion protection layers may include glass and silicon carbide, and may be positioned within the one or more subcritical zones to prevent the subcritical fluid from contacting component surfaces susceptible to corrosion from corrosive ions present in the subcritical fluid. 1. A reactor system configured to reduce or eliminate corrosion thereof , the system comprising:a system vessel comprising an inner surface, and having a subcritical zone configured to receive fluid at subcritical conditions; andat least one corrosion protection layer comprising silicon carbide at least partially encapsulated in glass, the at least one corrosion protection layer being positioned within the subcritical zone to provide a physical barrier that protects at least a portion of the inner surface from corrosion by the fluid.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor system is a supercritical water reactor system.3. (canceled)4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump configured to pump the fluid through the system vessel.56.-. (canceled)7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pre-heater.8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system vessel is configured as one of a reactor vessel claim 1 , a pre-heater claim 1 , and a heat exchanger.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor system is configured as a supercritical coal water gasifier.1113.-. (canceled)14. The system of claim 1 , wherein water within the subcritical zone is configured to a temperature below about 647 Kelvin.15. The system of claim 1 , wherein water within the ...

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26-03-2015 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Reduction of Tar in Gasification of Carbonaceous Materials

Номер: US20150083971A1
Принадлежит:

A method and assembly for producing substantially tar free product gas from gasification of carbonaceous material. The assembly preferably includes a first stage gasifier to produce char-ash and tar laden product gas and a second stage gasifier which has a char-ash heating zone, at least one cyclone, and at least one standpipe for the purpose of allowing selective delivery of char-ash to the char-ash heating zone. A char-ash heating zone that utilizes oxidation of char-ash is preferred and this results in the heat required to convert tar, additional yield of product gas, and an oxidized, activated carbon surface to facilitate tar conversion in the riser, thereby reducing the temperature required to achieve the desired tar conversion. Alternatively, external heat is supplied to the heating zone. 1. A method for producing product gas substantially free of tar by gasification of carbonaceous material wherein said method comprises: producing char-ash and tar laden product gas in a first stage of gasification and transporting said char-ash and tar laden product gas to a second stage of gasification where at least a portion of said tar is converted to less problematic tar.2. The method of wherein said second stage of gasification comprises heating of said char-ash.3. The second stage of gasification of wherein heating of said char-ash comprises partial oxidation to generate heat claim 2 , additional product gas claim 2 , and activated char-ash.4. The method of wherein said partial oxidation increases the catalytic effect of char-ash for said conversion of tar.5. The method of comprising conditions favoring tar conversion and the partial oxidation of char-ash results in an increase in product gas production.6. The method of wherein conversion of said at least a portion of tar includes conversion to less problematic tar to reduce at least one effect selected from the group consisting of: agglomeration claim 1 , coke formation claim 1 , plugging claim 1 , tar condensation ...

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22-03-2018 дата публикации

Rotary Grate for a Fixed-Bed Gasifier that Produces a Product Gas from Hydrocarbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20180079978A1
Принадлежит: Entrade Energiesysteme Ag

A rotary grate with slit-shaped openings is used in fixed-bed gasifier that produces a product gas from biomass particles. The rotary grate supports the biomass particles. Each slit-shaped opening has a cross-section that conically widens in the direction from the upper to lower side of the grate. The slit-shaped openings act as planes to break up ash supported by the grate as a drive shaft rotates the grate. As the grate rotates, a dome-shaped covering in the middle of the grate causes ash to be spun laterally away from the middle and into the region of the grate where the slit-shaped openings are located. The slit-shaped openings extend concentrically around the middle of the grate. The combined open area of the slit-shaped openings on the upper side of the grate makes up between 20% to 40% of the grating surface area outside the dome-shaped covering on the upper side.

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24-03-2016 дата публикации

GASIFIER FOR SOLID CARBON FUEL

Номер: US20160083661A1
Принадлежит:

Gasifiers for the gasification of solid carbon-based fuels are disclosed herein. An example gasifier includes an inlet chamber for introducing fuel into the gasifier and a pyrolysis region for pyrolyzing the fuel introduced into the vessel. The pyrolysis region includes first means for admission of a pyrolysis agent. The example gasifier also includes a combustion region for incinerating pyrolysis gases originating from the pyrolysis region, where the combustion region includes second means for admission of a gasifying agent. Also, the example gasifier includes a reduction region for gasifying carbonized fuel originating from the pyrolysis region, an outlet for collecting gases originating from the reduction region, and a region for collecting and discharging ashes. In addition, the example gasifier includes active transfer means to actively transfer solid material from the pyrolysis region to the reduction region. In some examples, the active transfer means is located between the pyrolysis region and the combustion region, and the active transfer means includes a transfer chamber to prevent a direct flow of the solid material from the pyrolysis region to the reduction region, where the transfer chamber is permeable to the pyrolysis gases. 1. A cocurrent fixed bed gasifier for the gasification of solid carbon-based fuel , the gasifier comprising a vertical vessel successively comprising , from the top downward:an inlet chamber for introducing fuel into the gasifier;a pyrolysis region for pyrolyzing the fuel introduced into the vessel, the pyrolysis region including first means for admission of a pyrolysis agent;active transfer means to actively transfer solid material from the pyrolysis region to a reduction region, the active transfer means including a transfer chamber configured to prevent a direct flow of the solid material from the pyrolysis region to the reduction region, the transfer chamber being permeable to pyrolysis gases originating from the pyrolysis ...

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29-03-2018 дата публикации

Using a Cyclone Separator and a Fixed-Bed Gasifier to Generate a Product Gas from Carbon-Containing Input Substances

Номер: US20180085761A1
Принадлежит:

A cyclone separator for separating particles from a gas flow includes a gas inlet and a separating element. The separating element includes an upper cylindrical section connected to a gas outlet and a lower conical section connected to a particle outlet. The first end of the gas inlet is on a straight section, and the second end of the gas inlet in on a helical section. The second end is connected to the upper cylindrical section. The cross-sectional area of the gas inlet continually decreases, and the vertical or longitudinal dimension of the gas inlet continually increases from the first end towards the second end. The vertical dimension at the second end equals the diameter of the upper cylindrical section. A guide plate inside the straight section distributes the particles over the increasing vertical dimension of the gas inlet and prevents the particles from concentrating centrally in the gas flow. 113-. (canceled)14. A cyclone separator for separating solid particles from a gas flow , comprising:a separating element with a longitudinal axis, wherein the separating element includes an upper cylindrical section and a lower conical section;a gas outlet connected to the upper cylindrical section;a particle outlet connected to the lower conical section; anda gas inlet that has a first end, a second end, a straight section and a helical section, wherein the first end is on the straight section and the second end is on the helical section, wherein the helical section is connected at the second end to the upper cylindrical section of the separating element, wherein the straight section is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the separating element, wherein the gas inlet has a cross-sectional area at the second end that is smaller than the cross-sectional area at the first end, wherein the cross-sectional area of the gas inlet continually decreases from the first end towards the second end, wherein the gas inlet has a longitudinal dimension oriented ...

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29-03-2018 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF SOLID WASTE INTO SYNTHETIC OIL, GAS, AND FERTILIZER

Номер: US20180086993A1
Автор: Rogers Michael W.
Принадлежит:

A method of producing oil, gas, and ash fertilizer from a feedstock includes inputting the feedstock into a reaction chamber having a wall, and combusting the feedstock in the reaction chamber. An electrical current flow is induced between the reaction chamber wall and the feedstock so as to cause arcing in the feedstock within the reaction chamber. Ash reaction byproducts migrate downward through the reaction chamber onto ash support structure, which is substantially electrically isolated from the reaction chamber wall. Gas and liquid reaction byproducts migrate upward through the reaction chamber to an upper chamber by a partial vacuum in the upper chamber, and are evacuated therefrom. The oil and gas are then separated from the evacuated gas/liquid products, providing the oil and the gas products. The oil is refinable, the gas is high in energy content, and the ash fertilizer is high in nitrogen. 1a chamber having an upper outer wall portion and a lower base portion;an inner wall disposed within said chamber, an upper portion of said inner wall being connected to said chamber to form an inner chamber and an outer chamber, the outer chamber comprising a thermal insulator formed by at least a partial vacuum produced by withdrawal of material from above a top opening of the inner chamber;at least one stirring member disposed within the inner chamber;plural cross members disposed within the inner chamber, but not touching any stirring member disposed within the inner wall; andan ash support member disposed within said chamber below a lower reformer opening, but electrically insulated therefrom, and wider than the inner wall.. A reformer combination, comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/706,504, filed May 7, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/620,774, filed Feb. 12, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,057,029, issued Jun. 16, 2015), which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/454 ...

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05-05-2022 дата публикации

SANDWICH GASIFICATION PROCESS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY CONVERSION OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS TO CLEAN SYNGAS WITH ZERO RESIDUAL CARBON DISCHARGE

Номер: US20220135892A1
Автор: Patel Nikhil Manubhai
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a gasifier and/or a gasification process that provides a long, uniform temperature zone in the gasifier, regardless of the particle size, chemical composition, and moisture content of the fuel by sandwiching a reduction zones between two oxidation zones. The gasifier and/or gasification process has a char that is more energy-dense and almost devoid of moisture that affords for an additional (or char) oxidation zone with a temperature that is higher than a first oxidation zone which is closer to an evaporation and devolatilization zone. As such, the additional (or char) oxidation zone contributes to augmenting the reduction zone temperature, thereby providing a favorable dual impact in improving syngas composition and near-complete conversion of the tar.

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28-03-2019 дата публикации

CONTINUOUSLY OPERABLE MECHANICAL OR ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE FUELED BY GAS OR SOLID FUEL INCLUDING GAS FROM IMPROVED BIOMASS DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER

Номер: US20190093029A1
Автор: Chagnot Catherine J.
Принадлежит:

The invention includes a downdraft gasifier having a rotatable auger/grate extending through its reduction zone. The auger at times moves biofuel through the gasifier and at times supports it in the gasifier. A frusto-conical biomass grate funnels biomass onto the auger and is perforate for permitting the passage of gases while retaining the biomass. A guide tube surrounds the auger below the frusto-conical biomass grate. The invention also includes mixing gas or solid particulate fuel in a conduit segment that houses a mixing chamber. Fuel is fed through a fuel inlet port into the mixing chamber. High velocity combustion air from a blower is forced into the mixing chamber through a restricted orifice that generates a suction pressure for drawing gas or solid particulate fuel into the mixing chamber. A combustion chamber supply conduit delivers fuel from the mixing chamber into a burner. 1. A downdraft gasifier having a fire tube surrounding a gasifier working chamber , a grate within the gasifier working chamber for supporting burning biomass and a fuel gas outlet , the gasifier working chamber including a combustion zone above a reduction zone , the grate of the downdraft gasifier further comprising:an auger extending through a portion of the gasifier working chamber and comprising an auger screw connected to a central auger shaft having a central axis of rotation, an upper end of the auger screw positioned in a region between the combustion zone and the reduction zone, the auger screw extending from its upper end downward into the reduction zone.2. A downdraft gasifier in accordance with and further comprising:(a) a frusto-conical biomass grate in the gasifier working chamber at the combustion zone and arranged for funneling biomass onto the auger screw, the frusto-conical biomass grate being perforated for permitting the passage of gases while retaining the biomass; and(b) a guide tube surrounding the auger screw and having an open upper end in registration with ...

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21-04-2016 дата публикации

COMBINED GASIFICATION AND VITRIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20160107913A1
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC.

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas. 1. A system , comprising:a gasification unit having a gasification chamber configured to receive organic materials and inorganic materials and at least partially oxidize the organic materials introduced therein to produce an effluent including a gas product, a solid product, and including at least some of the inorganic materials; and a plasma reaction chamber;', 'a plurality of electrodes disposed in the plasma reaction chamber, each of the plurality of electrodes configured to generate plasma therebetween effective to at least partially gasify at least a portion of the effluent; and', 'a plurality of joule heating electrodes disposed in the plasma reaction chamber, each of the plurality joule heating electrodes configured to heat the inorganic material to form a molten glass., 'a vitrification unit operably coupled to the gasification unit and configured to receive the effluent therefrom, the vitrification unit including2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gasification unit comprises a downdraft gasification unit poisoned above the vitrification unit.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a transport mechanism configured to move the effluent from the gasification unit to the vitrification unit.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the transport mechanism includes one or more of an agitating grate claim 3 , an auger claim 3 , a rake claim 3 , one or more rotating drums or a piston disposed between the disposed between the gasification unit and the vitrification unit.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the transport mechanism includes an agitating grate ...

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19-04-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC SOLIDS FLOW IN A GASIFIER

Номер: US20180105758A1
Автор: Cheiky Michael C.
Принадлежит: V-GRID ENERGY SYSTEMS

An automated system is described for processing biomass using a series of mechanisms that operate in unison to maintain solids flow through small gasifiers that are otherwise prone to blockage. The system can include: a fixed bed gasifier having upright cylindrical walls defining a biomass gasification chamber therein, the gasifier configured to produce synthesis gas and a carbonaceous product and ash; a device for metering biomass to the gasifier; a device for selectively filtering gasification products; a device for impacting the cylindrical walls with a force; a device for radially mixing carbon in the reduction zone without vertical displacement of gasifier products; one or more material presence sensors which detect the amount and status of biomass within the gasification chamber; and a processor system which takes input from material presence sensor and activates one or more of said devices. 1. An automated system for facilitating the flow of solids through a gasifier , comprising:a fixed bed gasifier having upright cylindrical walls defining a biomass gasification chamber therein, the gasifier configured to produce synthesis gas and a carbonaceous product and ash;a device for metering biomass to the gasifier;a device for selectively filtering gasification products;a device for impacting the cylindrical walls with a force;a device for radially mixing carbon in the reduction zone without vertical displacement of gasifier products;one or more material presence sensors which detect the amount and status of biomass within the gasification chamber; anda processor system which takes input from material presence sensor and activates one or more of said devices.2. The system of claim 1 , in which the device for metering biomass to gasifier is connected to one or more loadlocks.3. The system of claim 1 , in which the device for metering biomass comprises a means for conveying char or ash out of the chamber.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material process sensor ...

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19-04-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND COOLING BIOMASS SYNGAS

Номер: US20180105759A1
Принадлежит:

A method for purifying and cooling biomass syngas. The method includes: 1) cooling biomass syngas to 520-580° C., and recycling waste heat to yield a first steam; then subjecting the biomass syngas to cyclone dust removal treatment; and further cooling the biomass syngas to a temperature of ≤210° C., and recycling waste heat to yield a second steam; 2) removing a portion of heavy tar precipitating out of the biomass syngas during the second-stage indirect heat exchange; 3) carrying out dust removal and cooling using a scrub solution, to scrub off most of dust, tar droplets, and water soluble gases from the biomass syngas after the heat exchange and dust removing treatment; and 4) conducting deep removal of dust and tar with a wet gas stream, to sweep off remains of dust and tar fog in the scrubbed biomass syngas. 1. A method for purifying and cooling biomass syngas , the method comprising:1) cooling biomass syngas having a temperature of 950° C. or higher and a pressure of 3.0 mPa or higher from a fluidized bed gasifier to a temperature of 520-580° C. using a first-stage indirect heat exchange, to yield a first steam;subjecting the biomass syngas to cyclone dust removal treatment;cooling the biomass syngas to a temperature of ≤210° C. using a second-stage indirect heat exchange, to yield a second steam and heavy tar;2) removing the heavy tar;3) washing and cooling the biomass syngas using a scrub solution, to scrub off dust, tar droplets, and water-soluble gases from the biomass syngas, wherein a temperature of scrubbed biomass syngas is between 43 and 47° C.; and4) conducting deep removal of dust and tar with a wet gas stream, to remove dust and tar in the scrubbed biomass syngas, and allowing the pressure to drop to 0.3-1 mPa, to obtain a cleaned biomass syngas having a dust and tar content of less than 10 mg/Nm3, and a temperature of below 45° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in 1) claim 1 , during the first-stage indirect heat exchange claim 1 , the biomass ...

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07-05-2015 дата публикации

Process and system for converting waste to energy without burning

Номер: US20150122243A1
Автор: Terry R. Galloway
Принадлежит: INTELLERGY Inc

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO 2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO 2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery. New methods of carbon-sequestering where the syngas produced by steam/CO 2 reforming can be used in Fischer-Tropsch processes that make high-carbon content compounds while recycling the methane and lighter hydrocarbons back to the reformer to further produce syngas at a higher H 2 /CO ratio.

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09-04-2020 дата публикации

Method for Gasifying Feedstock with High Yield Production of Biochar

Номер: US20200109342A1
Принадлежит: Aries Gasification, LLC

A downdraft gasifier and method of gasification with high yield biochar that utilizes a plurality of high throughput, vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. A rotating and vertically adjustable rotating grate is located beneath the reduction zone of the gasifier. In addition, a drying zone is located above the pyrolysis zone so the heat of the gasifier can be used to dry feedstock before it enters the gasifier. By optimizing the grate height and rpm, feedstock retention time in the drying zone, the drying zone temperature and feedstock moisture content, the result is gasification of biomass with a high yield and continuous biochar production. 1. A method of gasifying feedstock with a high yield of biochar comprising:Filling a gasifier with feedstock; said gasifier comprising a plurality of conjoined and vertically positioned tubes having an interior wall, an exterior wall, a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end provides an inlet and the distal end provides an outlet, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone and a reduction zone;Drying the feedstock;Igniting the feedstock to create an oxidation band;Injecting oxidant streams into the oxidation zone using at least two rings of plano air inlets;Moving feedstock sequentially from the drying zone through the pyrolysis zone where the feedstock begins to decompose, then through an oxidation zone where the feedstock begins to change to producer gas and then through a reduction zone where the change to producer gas is completed, the gas cools and separates from the biochar;Holding feedstock and a bed of biochar inside the gasifier using a rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below the reduction zone, said position of the grate forming a variably sized bypass between the grate and the reduction zone;Removing biochar through the rotating grate and the bypass;Removing ...

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05-05-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GASIFICATION

Номер: US20160122669A1
Принадлежит:

A system includes an integrated reactor-syngas cooler that may gasify a feedstock. The integrated reactor-syngas cooler includes a reaction zone that may receive a first syngas and the feedstock, and that may gasify the feedstock to generate a second syngas. The second syngas has a composition different from the first syngas. The system also includes one or more feed injectors disposed in the integrated reactor-syngas cooler and that may supply the feedstock to the reaction zone and a cooling zone disposed downstream of the reaction zone and including one or more cooling tubes. The cooling zone may receive and cool the second syngas. 1. A system , comprising:an integrated reactor-syngas cooler configured to gasify a feedstock, wherein the integrated reactor-syngas cooler comprises:a reaction zone configured to receive a first syngas and the feedstock, and to gasify the feedstock to generate a second syngas, wherein the second syngas has a composition different from the first syngas;one or more feed injectors disposed in the integrated reactor-syngas cooler and configured to supply the feedstock to the reaction zone; anda cooling zone disposed downstream of the reaction zone and comprising one or more cooling tubes, wherein the cooling zone is configured to receive and cool the second syngas.2. The system of claim 1 , comprising a gasifier fluidly coupled to the integrated reactor-syngas cooler claim 1 , wherein the gasifier is configured to generate the first syngas.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second syngas is at least one of quenched or partially quenched in the cooling zone by combination with a quenching or partial quenching agent claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , before discharge from the integrated reactor-syngas cooler.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the quenching or partial quenching occurs in a downstream portion of the cooling zone.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the quenching agent is comprised of at least one of liquid water and a solvent ...

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10-05-2018 дата публикации

INDUSTRIAL HIGH-TEMPERATURE MODIFICATION APPARATUS AND MODIFICATION METHOD

Номер: US20180127667A1
Автор: KIM Hyunyong
Принадлежит:

An industrial high temperature reformer and the reforming method in which a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000° C. or higher by burning the coke, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200° C. or higher by burning the syngas, thereby producing syngas at a capacity of 500 m/hour or more by reforming all carbonaceous feedstock which is supplied to the reforming furnace. 18-. (canceled)9. An industrial high temperature reformer comprising:a reforming furnace reforming carbonaceous feedstock; a carbonaceous feedstock inlet supplying carbonaceous feedstock to the reforming furnace; a coke supply unit supplying coke to the reforming furnace; a first oxygen inlet supplying oxygen to the reforming furnace; a steam inlet supplying steam to the reforming furnace; a syngas outlet formed in an upper section of the reforming furnace; and a syngas inlet supplying syngas to the reforming furnace;wherein a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000° C. or higher by burning the coke with the oxygen, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200° C. or higher by burning the syngas supplied via the syngas inlet.10. The industrial high temperature reformer of claim 9 , wherein the first oxygen inlet is formed in a lower section of the reforming furnace claim 9 , and a second oxygen inlet is formed in the mid-section of the reforming furnace.11. The industrial high temperature reformer of claim 10 , wherein the two carbonaceous feedstock inlets are formed in the mid-section of the reforming furnace claim 10 , and the second oxygen inlet is formed between the two carbonaceous feedstock inlets.12. The industrial high temperature reformer of claim 9 , wherein the oxygen supplied to the reforming furnace is fully used up to burn the coke and the syngas supplied via the syngas inlet.13. The industrial high temperature reformer of claim 9 , wherein the syngas ...

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21-05-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FIXED BED GASIFICATION

Номер: US20150137041A1
Принадлежит:

A fixed bed gasification system to convert solid organic matter (also called biomass), into synthesis gas. This gas can be burned in an engine, turbine, oven or boiler, which makes it possible to valorize the thermal energy that it harbors. 113-. (canceled)14. A co-current fixed bed gasifier to convert biomass into synthesis gas and ash with aid of a gasification agent , the co-current fixed bed gasifier comprising:a reactor body having an upper portion with an inlet duct into which the biomass is introduced, and a lower portion with a synthesis gas evacuation duct through which the synthesis gas is evacuated and an ash evacuation duct through which the ash is evacuated;a first region for pyrolysis of the biomass;a second region for oxidation of the biomass;a third region for reduction;a grid having a plurality of openings through which the ash passes to be evacuated; anda device to introduce a gasification agent into the reactor body, the device including a cone to diffuse the gasification agent and which is located at an upper area of the second region, and an injector to inject the gasification agent.15. The co-current fixed bed gasifier of claim 14 , wherein the upper portion defines an annular zone which collects the synthesis gas before exiting through the synthesis gas evacuation duct.16. The co-current fixed bed gasifier of claim 14 , wherein the cone is located spatially below the inlet duct claim 14 , and claim 14 , during operation claim 14 , is embedded in the biomass.17. The co-current fixed bed gasifier of claim 14 , wherein the cone has an outer diameter that is between 30% and 50% of an inner diameter of the upper portion of the reactor body.18. The co-current fixed bed gasifier of claim 14 , wherein an internal angle of the cone is between 70° and 110°.19. The co-current fixed bed gasifier of claim 14 , wherein during operation claim 14 , the cone defines a homogeneous oxidation area.20. The co-current fixed bed gasifier of claim 14 , wherein the ...

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21-05-2015 дата публикации

Waste Processing

Номер: US20150137042A1
Принадлежит:

This invention provides a system and method for pyrolysing and/or gasifying material such as organically coated waste and organic materials including biomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge. In a first mode of operation the method/system heats the material in a processing chamber () by passing hot gas therethrough. This pyrolyses and/or gasifies the organic content it to produce syngas and, invariably, soot. In a second mode of operation the method/system increases the oxygen content of the hot gas such that the oxygen within the hot gas reacts with the heated soot to form carbon monoxide. 129-. (canceled)30. A batch processing method of pyrolysing and/or gasifying material such as organically coated waste and organic materials including biomass , industrial waste , municipal solid water and sludge , the method comprising:in a first mode of operation heating the material in a processing chamber, by recirculating hot gas therethrough, to pyrolyse and/or gasify it to produce syngas and soot and a residual material; andin a second mode of operation increasing the oxygen content of the recirculating hot gas such that the oxygen reacts with the soot to form carbon monoxide; and in the second mode of operation:monitoring one or more of the calorific value of the gas, the hydrogen content of the gas, and the carbon monoxide content of the gas; and if one or more of the calorific value, the hydrogen content, and the carbon monoxide content of the gas is very low or substantially zero ending the process; and/or ormonitoring the temperature of the gas and if the temperature of the gas remains substantially constant, ending the process.31. The batch processing method as claimed in wherein the second mode of operation is carried out in the same processing chamber as the first mode of operation.32. The batch processing method as claimed in comprising maintaining the residual material in the processing chamber during the second mode of operation.33. The batch ...

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23-04-2020 дата публикации

MECHANICAL POWER SOURCE WITH BURNER

Номер: US20200123460A1
Автор: Chagnot Catherine J.
Принадлежит:

The invention includes mixing gas or solid particulate fuel in a conduit segment that houses a mixing chamber. Fuel is fed through a fuel inlet port into the mixing chamber. High velocity combustion air from a blower is forced into the mixing chamber through a restricted orifice that generates a suction pressure for drawing gas or solid particulate fuel into the mixing chamber. A combustion chamber supply conduit delivers fuel from the mixing chamber into a burner. 1. A mechanical power source comprising a burner with a combustion chamber , the mechanical power source further comprising:(a) a conduit segment housing a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet port, a combustion air inlet port and a combustion chamber outlet port;(b) a fuel supply having an outlet connected to the fuel inlet port of the mixing chamber for injecting fuel into the mixing chamber at a fuel supply pressure;(c) a combustion air supply including a blower connected to deliver air at super-atmospheric pressure into the mixing chamber, the combustion air supply connected to the air inlet port of the mixing chamber through a restricted orifice adjacent the mixing chamber for generating a pressure in the mixing chamber less than the fuel supply pressure; and(d) a combustion chamber supply conduit having an inlet end connected to the combustion chamber outlet port and extending into the combustion chamber.2. A mechanical power source in accordance with wherein the air inlet port and the combustion chamber outlet port have aligned central axes that are transverse to a central axis of the fuel inlet port.3. A mechanical power source in accordance with wherein the power source includes an external combustion engine having said combustion chamber adjacent a heat accepting component of the external combustion engine claim 2 , the burner having a circular cross section and the combustion chamber supply conduit is aligned parallel to a tangent of the circular cross section and has an outlet spaced from the ...

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25-05-2017 дата публикации

Concentrated solar heat receiver, reactor, and heater

Номер: US20170145324A1
Принадлежит: Niigata University NUC

A heat receiver, a reactor, and a heater utilize the heat of concentrated solar light for thermal decomposition and/or chemical reaction of coals, etc. The heat receiver includes: a side portion forming a substantially cylindrical side surface; a substantially circular bottom portion connected to the lower edge of the side portion; and a ceiling connected to the upper edge of the side portion. A substantially circular aperture is formed in the center of the ceiling. The heat receiver has a substantially cylindrical cavity and the opening portion is open. When the cavity has a diameter of D and a length of L, and the aperture has a diameter of d, d=D/2 or less and L=2D or more. Concentrated solar light entering the heat receiver is to be contained in the heat receiver to effectively utilize the solar light.

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09-06-2016 дата публикации

Corrosion-resisant surfaces for reactors

Номер: US20160160137A1
Автор: Aya SEIKE
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Provided herein are corrosion-resistant reactors that can be used for gasification, and methods of making and using the same. Some embodiments include a corrosion-resistant ceramic layer. According to some embodiments, the corrosion-resistant ceramic layer has a negative charge. At temperature above water's critical point (for example, 374CC and at 22.1 MPa I 218 atm), water can behave as an adjustable solvent and can have tunable properties depending on temperature and pressure.

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09-06-2016 дата публикации

GASIFICATION REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFICATION

Номер: US20160160138A1
Принадлежит:

A process and device for the gasification of liquid or fine-grain solid fuel materials in a reactor is described. Synthesis gas is generated in a first reaction chamber arranged in the upper part of the reactor; feedstock is fed to the upper part. Liquid slag precipitates on its lateral walls. The lower side has a hole with a slag drop-off edge; generated synthesis gas can be withdrawn in downward direction and the liquid slag can drop off the edge. A second chamber delimited by a water film is located under the opening. A third chamber adjacent to the bottom of the second is fed with water. A water bath is adjacent the bottom of the third chamber. The synthesis gas is withdrawn from the pressure vessel in an area at the side or below the third chamber, but located above the water bath. 1. A gasification reactor for generating synthesis gas by gasification of a liquid or fine-grain , solid fuel materials , comprising: an upper part of the first reaction chamber houses a feeding device for the feedstock; and', tubes having internal cooling designed to form a membrane wall; and', 'tube coils from which liquid slag can freely flow downwards so that the surface of the slag cannot solidify; and, 'lateral walls of the first reaction chamber are provided with one of, 'a lower side of the first reaction chamber has an opening with a slag drop-off edge;, 'a first reaction chamber arranged in an upper part of the reactor, wherein 'the second chamber includes a device for producing a water film;', 'a second chamber located under the opening, which is used to keep the synthesis gas dry and cool by radiation cooling, whereina third chamber located underneath the second chamber and equipped with water supply equipment;a device housing a water bath located adjacent to the bottom of the third chamber, the device including a withdrawing device for withdrawing a mixture of water and slag; anda withdrawing device for removing the synthesis gas from the reactor which is installed below ...

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08-06-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL GAS FROM MATERIALS OF ORGANIC AND/OR INORGANIC ORIGIN

Номер: US20170158975A1
Автор: JANCOK Lubor
Принадлежит:

A device for producing fuel gas from materials of organic and/or inorganic origin, comprising filling chamber connected to at least one supply auger conveyor for supplying material from the filling chamber into a reactor comprising at least two heated gasification augers. The invention consists in the fact that each horizontal row of gasification augers is formed by a gasification body, the casing of which has a closed oval cross-section formed by an upper base, a lower base, and convex side walls each with circular arc profiles, wherein each gasifying body contains at least two gasification augers arranged side by side and mutually partially separated by longitudinal partitions that form half-grooves for gasifying augers. The device is provided with at least one electrical heater. The filling chamber is hermetically sealed. 1. A device for the production of gaseous fuel from materials of organic and/or inorganic origin , including a filling chamber which is connected to at least one supply auger conveyor for supplying material from the filling chamber into a reactor which comprises at least two heated gasification augers arranged in at least two horizontal rows above each other for a serpentine passage of material from the filling chamber to an outlet of the fuel gas formed by synthesis gas from a thermochemical reaction in the gasification augers , wherein the outlet is arranged on the lowest positioned gasification auger , wherein each horizontal row of the gasification augers is formed by a gasification body , the casing of which has a closed oval cross-section formed by an upper base , a lower base and convex side walls each having a circular arc profile , wherein each gasifying body contains at least two gasification augers arranged side by side and mutually partially separated by longitudinal partitions which form half-grooves for the individual gasification augers , further , parallel to the upper base and/or to the lower base of each gasification body there ...

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16-06-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GASIFICATION

Номер: US20160168493A1
Принадлежит:

A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a feed to generate syngas. The gasifier comprises a first axis. The system also includes a first gasification reaction zone disposed in the gasifier. The first gasification reaction zone is defined at least partially by a first wall substantially perpendicular to the first axis. The system also includes a first feed injector coupled to the gasifier. The first feed injector is configured to inject the feed into the first gasification reaction zone beneath the first wall in a first direction relative to the first axis. 1. A system , comprising:a gasifier configured to gasify a feed to generate syngas, wherein the gasifier comprises a first axis;a first gasification reaction zone disposed in the gasifier, wherein the first gasification reaction zone is defined at least partially by a first wall substantially perpendicular to the first axis; anda first feed injector coupled to the gasifier, wherein the first feed injector is configured to inject the feed into the first gasification reaction zone beneath the first wall in a first direction relative to the first axis.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first wall is concave and is configured to direct the syngas in the first direction.3. The system of claim 1 , comprising a reaction zone outlet disposed in a second wall disposed opposite from the first wall claim 1 , wherein the reaction zone outlet is configured to direct the syngas in the first direction substantially parallel to the first axis.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gasifier comprises a gasifier outlet configured to convey the syngas from the gasifier in a second direction substantially opposite from the first direction substantially parallel to the first axis.5. The system of claim 1 , comprising a second feed injector coupled to the gasifier claim 1 , wherein the second feed injector is disposed substantially opposite from the first feed injector.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first wall ...

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29-09-2022 дата публикации

DIRECT COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON REDUCTION DEVICE WITH HYDROGEN UTILIZATION

Номер: US20220306466A1
Автор: Swenson Roger
Принадлежит:

Combining multiple subsystems involving biomass processing, biomass gasification of the processed biomass where a synthesis gas is produced then converted to hydrogen fuels or other transportation fuels for use in coupled transportation systems sized to consume all the transportation fuel produced. Carbon in the biomass is converted to COin the conversion process and a portion of that COis captured and sequestrated for long term storage. 1. A method of converting biomass into hydrogen , the steps of the method comprising: adding drying heat to a system configured to reduce moisture of unprocessed biomass to 17% or less by weight;', 'filtering out particulates from the unprocessed biomass which exceed a predetermined diameter threshold using one or more of: a screen, diverter gate, and disc screener;, 'creating processed biomass from unprocessed biomass having a moisture content of 30% to 45% by weight bydepositing processed biomass in storage; a portion of the processed biomass is converted to carbon dioxide that is captured and sequestered in a storage tank; and', 'hydrogen is produced, captured and directed into a transportation fuel use., 'submitting the processed biomass to a gasification process to create a syngas in which2. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , wherein 95% of the processed biomass is between 2 mm and 80 mm in diameter.3. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising moving the unprocessed biomass on a moving conveyor belt during the drying step.4. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the biomass during gasification to hydrogen a reaction step involving FE-CR-based catalysts.5. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising using a plurality of fixed bed reactors processing syngas in two to five stages to gradually lower outlet temperatures of the processed biomass syngas.6. The method of converting biomass ...

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11-09-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION

Номер: US20140250784A1
Автор: Mason James
Принадлежит: All Power Labs, Inc.

A downdraft gasifier for producing a gaseous fuel to be used in an engine from a carbonaceous material with a pyrolysis module, a reactor module, and a heat exchanger system that cooperate to produce the gaseous fuel from the carbonaceous material and to extract particulates from the gaseous fuel from the reactor. The heat exchange system includes a first heat exchanger coupled to the dryer module that heats the carbonaceous material with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to dry the carbonaceous material; a second heat exchanger coupled to the pyrolysis module that heats the dried carbonaceous material with the exhaust from the engine to pyrolyze the dried carbonaceous material into tar gas and charcoal; and a third heat exchanger coupled to the reactor module that heats air used to combust the tar gas with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to preheat the air.

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21-05-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE AND FACILITY FOR CONVERTING DRY CARBON-CONTAINING AND/OR HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS INTO SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20200157441A1
Автор: Guyomarch Raymond
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a device () for converting carbonaceous dry raw materials (MPCS) into a synthesis gas, comprising a MPCS pyrolysis chamber (); a port () for introducing the MPCS into said pyrolysis chamber (); and a port () for extraction of synthesis gas from said pyrolysis chamber (). The device () further includes a central chamber () immersed in said pyrolysis chamber () and comprising a port () allowing only a gaseous communication between said central chamber () and said pyrolysis chamber (); and an oxygen injection port () in said central chamber () for oxidizing at least one portion of the pyrolysis gases passing from the pyrolysis chamber () to the central chamber (). 1100100. A device () for converting carbonaceous dry raw materials (MPCS) into a synthesis gas comprising CO and H2 , said device () comprising:{'b': '110', 'a MPCS pyrolysis chamber () open at the top and bottom, and adapted to contain MPCS;'}{'b': 106', '110, 'a port (), at top of said pyrolysis chamber, for introducing the MPCS into said pyrolysis chamber (); and'}{'b': 108', '110, 'a port (), at bottom of said pyrolysis chamber, for extraction of synthesis gas from said pyrolysis chamber ();'}{'b': 120', '110, 'claim-text': [{'b': 128', '120', '110, 'at least one port () allowing only a gaseous communication between said central chamber () and said pyrolysis chamber (); and'}, {'b': 132', '120', '110', '120, 'at least one oxygen injection port () in said central chamber () for oxidizing at least one portion of the pyrolysis gases passing from the pyrolysis chamber () to the central chamber ();'}], 'a central chamber () disposed in said pyrolysis chamber (), and comprisingwherein:{'b': 132', '120, 'at least one oxygen injection port () is in a chamber, so-called cracking chamber, at the bottom of said central chamber (); and'}{'b': 128', '120, 'the gaseous communication ports () are at the top and on the sides of said central chamber ().'}2100120100. Device () according to claim 1 ...

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25-06-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PURIFYING SYNTHESIS GAS, IN PARTICULAR FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS

Номер: US20150175916A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis, wherein a partial stream () of an H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burned, in particular to generate electrical energy, and wherein at least one component contained in the remaining H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is absorbed by an adsorber at low temperatures, after which said absorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber by flushing using nitrogen () at higher temperatures. According to the invention the H-rich partial stream () is diluted using the nitrogen () used for the flushing before being burned. The invention further relates to a system () for purifying synthesis gas, in particular for ammonia synthesis. 1. A method for purifying synthesis gas , in particular for ammonia synthesis , wherein{'b': '26', 'sub': '2', 'a partial stream () of an H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream is burnt, in particular for generating electrical energy, and wherein'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 26', '14', '14', '33, 'i': 'a', 'at least one component contained in the remaining H-rich, CO-containing synthesis gas stream (), in particular in the form of carbon dioxide, methanol and/or water, is adsorbed at low temperatures by an adsorber () and then said at least one adsorbed component is desorbed from the adsorber () by purging with nitrogen () at higher temperatures,'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 26', '35, 'characterized in that, prior to combustion, the H-rich partial stream () is diluted with the nitrogen used for purging ().'}2311426313317. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that additionally nitrogen () claim 1 , which has not been used previously for purging the adsorber () claim 1 , is added to the H-rich partial stream () prior to combustion claim 1 , to dilute it claim 1 , and in particular the nitrogen used for dilution ( claim 1 , ) is produced by cryogenic separation () ...

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08-07-2021 дата публикации

BIOMASS GASIFICATION DEVICE

Номер: US20210207045A1
Принадлежит: Japan Blue Energy Co., Ltd.

The present invention provides a biomass gasification device that optimizes the pyrolysis temperature of biomass, the reforming temperature of pyrolysis gas, and the atmosphere thereof to generate a reformed gas containing a large amount of valuable gas. The present invention related to a biomass gasification device that is provided with a biomass pyrolyzer, a pyrolysis gas reformer, and a pyrolysis gas introduction pipe, wherein: the biomass pyrolyzer is further provided with a heat carrier inlet and outlet ports, and performs pyrolysis on the biomass by heat of the heat carrier; the pyrolysis gas reformer performs steam-reforming on pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of biomass; the pyrolysis gas reformer is further provided with an air or oxygen blow-in port; and the pyrolysis gas introduction pipe is provided on the biomass pyrolyzer-side surface below the upper surface of the heat carrier layer formed in the biomass pyrolyzer. 1. A biomass gasification device , comprising:a biomass pyrolytic reactor comprising a biomass inlet and a non-oxidizing gas inlet and/or a steam inlet;a pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor comprising a steam inlet and a reformed gas outlet;a pyrolyzed gas introducing pipe for introducing a pyrolyzed gas generated in the biomass pyrolytic reactor into the pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor, the pyrolyzed gas introducing pipe being provided between the biomass pyrolytic reactor and the pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor, wherein:the biomass pyrolytic reactor further comprises an introduction port and a discharge port for a plurality of preheated granules and/or lumps, and performs pyrolysis of biomass by using heat of the plurality of granules and/or lumps; andthe pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor performs steam reforming of the pyrolyzed gas generated by the pyrolysis of the biomass,the biomass gasification device being characterized in that:the pyrolyzed gas reforming reactor further comprises an air or oxygen inlet, and performs the steam ...

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08-07-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATIC SOLIDS FLOW IN A GASIFIER

Номер: US20210207046A1
Принадлежит:

A system is described for automatically processing biomass using a series of mechanisms that operate in unison to maintain solids flow through small gasifiers that are otherwise prone to blockage. The system can include an anti jamming mechanism to automatically clear jams within said gasifier using input from at least one sensor. 1. A system for automatic solids flow for the gasification of biomass , comprisinga gasification chamber having an upper section and a lower section;a device for metering biomass fuel into said upper section;a device comprising an air intake system connected to said chamber, whereby synthesis gas and biochar are generated upon gasification of said biomass fuel;a device comprising a grate and an adjustable grate shaker for controlling the flow of biochar out of the gasifier;temperature, pressure and biomass level sensors which detect the amount and status of biomass within the gasification chamber;an anti jamming mechanism to automatically clear jams within said gasifier using input from at least one sensor, wherein the anti-jamming mechanism comprises using the input from at least one sensor to adjust air intake and pass passing biomass from input reservoir through a loadlock having two gates valves and a compartment between the two gate valves serving as a holding container and insulating the gasifier from oxygen exposure; anda processor system which takes input from at least one sensor and activates one or more of said devices.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the anti jamming mechanism uses a pressure differential between a pressure sensor located in the upper section and a pressure sensor located in the lower section of gasification chamber.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the pressure differential is less than 40 inches of water.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressure sensor or sensors activate the grate shaker.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the pressure sensor or sensors control the grate shake duty cycle.6. The system ...

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30-06-2016 дата публикации

C-CONVERTER HAVING A FILTERING FUNCTION

Номер: US20160186078A1
Автор: Kuhl Olaf
Принадлежит:

A C-converter includes at least one aerosol converter inlet for an aerosol comprising a first gas and particles containing carbon; at least one converter gas inlet for a second gas; at least two converter chamber outlets and at least two converter chambers which are adapted to be filled with particles between a minimum and a maximum particle filling degree. The C-converter also includes at least one diverting device which is adapted to selectively connect a fraction of the converter chambers a) to at least one of the aerosol converter inlets for aerosol or b) to at least one of the converter gas inlets for the second gas or may disconnect the converter chambers therefrom; and at least one discharging device which is adapted to selectively connect a fraction of the converter chambers to at least one of the converter outlets or to disconnect the converter chambers therefrom. 129-. (canceled)301. A C-converter () comprising:{'b': '3', 'at least one aerosol converter inlet () for an aerosol comprising a first gas and particles containing carbon, wherein the first gas is hydrogen;'}{'b': '5', 'sub': 2', '2, 'at least one converter gas inlet () for a second gas connected to a supply for a second gas comprising HO or exhaust gas containing CO;'}{'b': 7', '9, 'at least two converter outlets (, );'}{'b': 10', '13, 'at least two converter chambers () each comprising at least one filter () adapted to filter particles containing carbon from the aerosol;'}{'b': 16', '17', '10, 'at least one diverting device (, ) adapted to alternately connect a fraction of the at least two converter chambers ()'}{'b': '3', 'a) with at least one aerosol converter inlet () or'}{'b': '5', 'b) with at least one converter gas inlet ();'}{'b': 18', '10', '7', '9', '3', '60, 'at least one discharging device () adapted to alternately connect a fraction of the at least two converter chambers () with at least one of the converter outlets (, ); and wherein the at least one aerosol converter inlet () is ...

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28-06-2018 дата публикации

GASIFICATION STOVE

Номер: US20180179459A1
Автор: SUKRUANGSAP Apichat
Принадлежит:

A gasification stove includes an upper housing including an upper hollow body and a dome section, and a lower housing including a lower hollow body that form a stove chamber when connected to each other. A separator for collecting a gas and flame generated from burning of the biomass is arranged in the stove chamber and includes a bowl section and a chimney section. The bowl section has a first set of holes, and an upper part of the chimney section has a second set of holes. The upper part of the chimney section is air-tightly attached to an edge of a chimney opening of the upper housing. At least some of the gas flows through the first set of holes and the second set of holes to enter into the chimney section so as to react with the flame or hot air in the chimney section to generate additional flame power. 1. A gasification stove for burning biomass , comprising:an upper housing including an upper hollow body with a first opening and a dome section having a chimney opening;a lower housing including a lower hollow body with a closed bottom and a second opening that is connectable to the first opening of the upper hollow body, the upper housing and the lower housing forming a stove chamber when connected to each other;a separator for collecting a gas and flame generated from burning of the biomass, the separator being arranged in the stove chamber and including a bowl section and a chimney section, the bowl section having a first set of holes formed in an upper part thereof, a lower edge of the bowl section having a diameter approximately equal to a diameter of the stove chamber, a lower part of the chimney section being connected to the upper part of the bowl section, an upper part of the chimney section having a second set of holes, the upper part of the chimney section being air-tightly attached to an edge of the chimney opening of the upper housing, whereinat least some of the gas flows through the first set of holes and the second set of holes to enter into the ...

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09-07-2015 дата публикации

METHOD OF GASIFYING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL AND A GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20150191664A1
Принадлежит:

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts. 1. A method of gasifying a carbonaceous material , the method comprising the steps of:pyrolysing the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char;separating the char and the volatiles;gasifying the char;reforming the volatiles to produce a product gas; andpassing partially reformed volatiles and/or product gas through a product gas cleaning zone;wherein at least the steps of pyrolysing the carbonaceous material, gasifying the char, and reforming the volatiles to produce a product gas are performed in a vessel that has a pyrolysis zone, a char gasification zone, and a reforming zone, and that is directly coupled with the product gas cleaning zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product gas cleaning zone comprises a catalyst bed.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst bed comprises a moving bed of solid catalyst.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product gas cleaning zone comprises a plurality of catalyst beds arranged in series.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst bed comprises char claim 2 , a char-supported catalyst or ilmenite.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein claim 5 , when the catalyst bed comprises char or a char-supported catalyst claim 5 , the char or char-supported catalyst is prepared from the pyrolysis and/or partial gasification of the carbonaceous material.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the method further comprises discharging spent char or char-supported catalyst from the catalyst bed and gasifying the spent char or char-supported catalyst.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of pyrolysing the carbonaceous ...

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18-06-2020 дата публикации

Oil, method and apparatus

Номер: US20200190418A1

A thermolysis oil derived from textile is described. The oil comprises an N-heterocyclic aromatic compound and/or a substituted derivative thereof in an amount of at least 2 wt. %. Also described is a method of providing a thermolysis oil, a feeder ( 100 ) for an apparatus ( 1 ) for thermolysing a textile, an apparatus ( 1 ) for thermolysing a textile and a use of waste textile.

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29-07-2021 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20210230491A1
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

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13-08-2015 дата публикации

OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE REACTOR BASED METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC POWER

Номер: US20150226118A1
Принадлежит:

A carbon capture enabled system and method for generating electric power and/or fuel from methane containing sources using oxygen transport membranes by first converting the methane containing feed gas into a high pressure synthesis gas. Then, in one configuration the synthesis gas is combusted in oxy-combustion mode in oxygen transport membranes based boiler reactor operating at a pressure at least twice that of ambient pressure and the heat generated heats steam in thermally coupled steam generation tubes within the boiler reactor; the steam is expanded in steam turbine to generate power; and the carbon dioxide rich effluent leaving the boiler reactor is processed to isolate carbon. In another configuration the synthesis gas is further treated in a gas conditioning system configured for carbon capture in a pre-combustion mode using water gas shift reactors and acid gas removal units to produce hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel gas that fuels an integrated gas turbine and steam turbine system to generate power. The disclosed method and system can also be adapted to integrate with coal gasification systems to produce power from both coal and methane containing sources with greater than 90% carbon isolation. 1. An oxygen transport membrane based power generation system comprising:an oxygen transport membrane based combined reforming subsystem configured to produce a hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream from a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and steam; andan oxygen transport membrane based power cycle subsystem comprising an oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor configured to produce steam, electric power, and a carbon dioxide containing effluent by combusting the hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream at a pressure at least two times that of ambient pressure in the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor.2. The oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of additionally comprising a first expansion stage for the ...

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03-08-2017 дата публикации

Waste Incinerator

Номер: US20170218274A1
Автор: Shizheng YU, Xiuying YU
Принадлежит: Individual

A waste incinerator, in a vertical structure and including from the top down: a drying section, a destructive distillation section, a reduction section, and a combustion section. The combustion section includes: two layers of grate bars, a first combustion layer, a second combustion layer, and a third combustion layer. The heat produced from the combustion in the combustion section is used to heat the carbide in the reduction section. The heated carbide reduces CO 2 produced in the combustion into CO (coal gas). The coal gas ascends to the destructive distillation section through the ambient coal gas chamber to heat and destructively distillate the waste to produce the pyrogenic coal gas and the carbide. The carbide drops to the combustion section for combustion, and the pyrogenic coal gas and the coal gas are collected by the draft fan.

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03-08-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS AND A REACTION APPARATUS FOR THE GASIFICATION OF WET BIOMASS

Номер: US20170218286A1
Принадлежит:

A process for the gasification of wet biomass. The process comprises heating wet biomass at a pressure in the range of from 22.1 MPa to 35 MPa. The wet biomass is heated from a temperature of at most Tto a temperature of at least Tby heat exchange with a first heating fluid. The gasification product is further heated. The further heated gasification product is used as the first heating fluid, upon which the further heated gasification product is cooled down from a temperature of at least Tto a temperature of at most T. The temperatures T, T, Tand Tcan be calculated by using certain mathematical formulae. Also claimed: a reaction apparatus for the gasification of wet biomass. 1. A reaction apparatus for the gasification of wet biomass , which reaction apparatus comprises [{'sub': 'P', 'the reaction tube is configured to be fluidly connected to a source of wet biomass having a pressure Pin the range of from 22.1 MPa to 35 MPa (absolute), and'}, {'sub': 1', '2, 'the heating device is configured to heat the reaction tube and the wet biomass, when present in the reaction tube, by heat exchange with a first heating fluid to heat the wet biomass from a temperature of at most Tto a temperature of at least T, and'}], 'a reactor comprising a reaction tube and a heating device, wherein'}{'sub': S', '3', '4, 'a heater which heater is fluidly connected to the reaction tube and to the heating device and which heater is configured to receive fluid gasification product to further heat the fluid gasification product by using energy from an energy source, and to feed the further heated fluid gasification product at a pressure Pin the range of from 22.1 MPa to 35 MPa (absolute) into the heating device for use as the first heating fluid, upon which use the further heated fluid gasification product is cooled down from a temperature of at least Tto a temperature of at most T,'}{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'claim-text': [{'br': None, 'i': T', 'P, 'sub': 1', 'P, '=3.2×+301.6,'}, {'br': None, ...

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02-07-2020 дата публикации

CO-GASIFICATION OF VACUUM GAS OIL (VGO) AND BIOMASS TO PRODUCE SYNGAS/HYDROGEN

Номер: US20200208068A1

The invention is directed to a co-gasification process that uses biomass and VGO as a feedstock to produce syngas which includes a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

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02-07-2020 дата публикации

SANDWICH GASIFICATION PROCESS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY CONVERSION OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS TO CLEAN SYNGAS WITH ZERO RESIDUAL CARBON DISCHARGE

Номер: US20200208069A1
Автор: Patel Nikhil Manubhai
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a gasifier and/or a gasification process that provides a long, uniform temperature zone in the gasifier, regardless of the particle size, chemical composition, and moisture content of the fuel by sandwiching a reduction zones between two oxidation zones. The gasifier and/or gasification process has a char that is more energy-dense and almost devoid of moisture that affords for an additional (or char) oxidation zone with a temperature that is higher than a first oxidation zone which is closer to an evaporation and devolatilization zone. As such, the additional (or char) oxidation zone contributes to augmenting the reduction zone temperature, thereby providing a favorable dual impact in improving syngas composition and near-complete conversion of the tar. 120-. (canceled)21. A mixed-mode gasification process comprising:providing a fuel;providing a gasifier having a fuel injection port, an ash or residue extraction port, an outer periphery, and at least the following zones: an evaporation and devolatilization zone, a first exothermic oxidation zone, a second exothermic oxidation zone, a third exothermic oxidation zone, a first endothermic reduction zone located directly next to and sandwiched between the first and second exothermic oxidation zones, and a second endothermic reduction zone located directly next to and sandwiched between the first and third exothermic oxidation zones, the first exothermic oxidation zone located on a side of the gasifier next to the fuel injection port and upstream from the first and second endothermic reduction zones, the second and third exothermic oxidation zones located on a side of the gasifier next to the ash or residue extraction port; andproviding an aerodynamic propulsive device to transfer devolatilized products from the evaporation and devolatilization zone to the second and third exothermic oxidation zones.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the evaporation and devolatilization zone is disposed ...

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20-08-2015 дата публикации

DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20150232768A1
Принадлежит:

A gasifier configured to receive biomass, including: a pyroreactor defining a first end, a second end, and an interior lumen, the first end defining a biomass inlet, the second end defining a pyroreactor outlet; a reduction basket arranged proximal the pyroreactor outlet, the reduction basket including a closed end and a basket opening opposing the closed end; a set of air manifolds fluidly connected to the interior lumen of the pyroreactor through a set of air inlets arranged between the first and second ends, proximal the second end; and a gasifier housing enclosing the pyroreactor, reduction basket, and set of air manifolds within a housing lumen. 1. A gasifier configured to receive biomass , comprising:a pyroreactor defining a first end, a second end, and an interior lumen, the first end defining a biomass inlet, the second end defining a pyroreactor outlet;a reduction basket arranged proximal the pyroreactor outlet, the reduction basket comprising a closed end and a basket opening opposing the closed end;a set of air manifolds fluidly connected to the interior lumen of the pyroreactor through a set of air inlets arranged between the first and second ends, proximal the second end; anda gasifier housing enclosing the pyroreactor, reduction basket, and set of air manifolds within a housing lumen.2. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the air manifolds are fluidly connected to a gasifier housing exterior.3. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the pyroreactor is thermally insulated.4. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the pyroreactor further comprises a burner arranged within the interior lumen proximal the air inlets.5. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the second end is tapered toward the pyroreactor opening.6. The gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the reduction basket is arranged with the basket opening proximal the pyroreactor outlet.7. The gasifier of claim 6 , wherein the reduction basket closed end is perforated.8. The gasifier of claim 6 , wherein the reduction ...

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11-08-2016 дата публикации

Method and system for automatic solids flow in a gasifier

Номер: US20160230104A1
Автор: Michael Cheiky
Принадлежит: V-GRID ENERGY SYSTEMS

A method is described for processing biomass using a series of mechanisms that operate in unison to maintain solids flow through small gasifiers that are otherwise prone to blockage. An automated system that implements these methods is also disclosed.

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09-08-2018 дата публикации

COMPACT GASIFIER-GENSET ARCHITECTURE

Номер: US20180226859A1
Принадлежит:

A compact biomass gasification-based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, including an enclosure that encases: a gasifier including a pyrolysis module coaxially arranged above a reactor module, a generator including an engine and an alternator, and a hopper. The generator system additionally includes a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module, a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module, and a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module. The system can additionally include a central wiring conduit electrically connected to the pyrolysis module, reactor module, and engine, and a control panel connected to the conduit that enables single-side operation. 1an open-air hopper;an airlock connected to an outlet of the hopper;a drying module connected to the airlock, the airlock configured to form a substantially fluid impermeable seal with the drying module;a gasifier comprising: a pyrolysis module and a reactor module, the pyrolysis module connected to the drying module and to the reactor module;an engine; and a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module;', 'a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module; and', 'a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module., 'a heat exchange module comprising. A gasification based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, comprising: This application is a continuation ...

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30-07-2020 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF CONTAMINATE FREE, SIZE SPECIFIC BIOCHAR FOLLOWING GASIFICATION

Номер: US20200239793A1
Принадлежит: Aries Gasification, LLC

A method and system for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar using downdraft gasification of variable quality feedstock. The system and process of the present invention includes the transfer of biochar from a gasifier after gasification to a temperature-controlled cooling screw conveyor, into a drum magnet for ferrous metal removal into multiple diverters to separate and remove ungasified materials and non-ferrous metal contaminants, then transferred into a granulator for grinding and screening the biochar to a pre-selected size. By directly attaching a novel and continuous product treatment process to the biochar stream as it exits the gasifier, the particle size, moisture content, carbon content and yield of a contaminant free biochar product can be narrowly controlled and improved to meet strict product quality specifications required by specialty applications. 1. A method for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar comprising the following sequential steps:Conveying biochar resulting from continuous feedstock gasification in a downdraft gasifier to an enclosed cooling screw conveyor, said cooling screw conveyor comprising a proximal end operably connected to the gasifier and a distal end operably connected to a drum magnet;Separating and removing ferrous metal from the biochar using the drum magnet;Transferring the biochar into a first diverter operably connected to the drum magnet;Separating and removing unburned materials from the biochar using the first diverter;Transferring the biochar to a belt conveyor comprising an integrated metal detector, a proximal end operably connected to the first diverter and a distal end operably connected to a second diverter;Transferring the biochar to the second diverter operably connected to the metal detector;Separating and removing non-ferrous metal from the biochar using the second diverter;Transferring the biochar to a granulator operably connected to the second ...

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07-09-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR REGENERATION OF TAR REFORMER CATALYST

Номер: US20170252739A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a catalyst regeneration process for a tar reforming catalyst within a catalyst bed in a tar reformer. The process comprises the steps of:—Admitting a main gas stream with controlled temperature and oxygen content to an inlet into the tar reformer;—Passing the main gas stream through the catalyst bed to form an oxygen depleted gas stream;—Exiting the oxygen depleted gas stream from the tar reformer; and—Recycling at least a part of the oxygen depleted gas stream exiting from the tar reformer back into said main gas stream upstream said tar reformer. The temperature of said main gas stream at the inlet is controlled to be within the range from about 500° C. to about 1000° C. 2. A catalyst regeneration process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of said main gas stream at said inlet is controlled to be in the range between about 500° C. and about 950° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range between about 650° C. and about 950° C. claim 1 , more preferably in the range between about 700° C. and about 900° C.3. A catalyst regeneration process according to claim 1 , wherein an additional oxidant gas stream with controlled oxygen content is added to the main gas stream and/or is admitted into one or more further inlets into the tar reformer.4. A catalyst regeneration process according to claim 3 , wherein the tar reformer comprises a plurality of catalyst beds claim 3 , wherein said additional oxidant gas stream is inlet into the tar reformer downstream at least one catalyst bed.5. A catalyst regeneration process according to claim 3 , wherein the tar reformer comprises a plurality of catalyst beds claim 3 , wherein said additional oxidant gas stream is inlet into the tar reformer upstream at least one catalyst bed.6. A catalyst regeneration process according to claim 1 , wherein the main gas stream to the tar reformer comprises a flue gas resulting from combusting a fuel in a burner claim 1 , and where said flue gas passes through a ...

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14-10-2021 дата публикации

Updraft gasifier and method, apparatus, and system for biomass decomposition

Номер: US20210317374A1
Принадлежит: Cummins Inc

A method, system, and apparatus for decomposing a biomass feedstock include providing a layer of inert particulate matter, such as sand, to line and insulate the bottom surface of a main chamber of a reactor where pyrolysis and oxidation are conducted to produce char and producer gases as primary products. In an embodiment, feedstock positioned in a side region of the reaction chamber insulates side walls of the main chamber from heat in the center region of the main chamber. In an embodiment of the method, a rate of removal of solid products such as char from the reactor is controlled in response to a temperature detected at a position of an extraction tube inlet of the reactor. Activated charcoal may be obtained as a primary product using the system and method, by feeding oxygen into the reactor at an inlet positioned adjacent to an inlet to the extraction chamber.

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01-10-2015 дата публикации

Internal combustion heating device of coal pyrolyzing furnace

Номер: US20150275107A1
Автор: Wang Wenbu, WANG XINMIN
Принадлежит:

An internal combustion heating device of a coal pyrolyzing furnace includes a coke quenching exhaust heater and at least one set of a third gas heater and a fourth gas heater with equal structures and associated with each other; wherein the coke quenching exhaust heater comprises an internal flame path, a first air supply tube, a second air supply tube, a central annular wall and a central path, wherein an internal flame path is divided into at least one set of an internal main flame path and an internal sub flame path, the central annular wall inside the internal loop wall of the carbonizing room and at least one the internal flame path isolating wall; the internal sub flame path is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section. 1. An internal combustion heating device of a coal pyrolyzing furnace , arranged in an internal loop wall of a carbonizing room above a flame path bow , comprising: a coke quenching exhaust heater and at least one set of a third gas heater and a fourth gas heater with equal structures and associated with each other; wherein said coke quenching exhaust heater comprises an internal flame path , an air supplement tube , a first air supply tube , a second air supply tube , an air supply annular path , a central annular wall , an internal flame path isolating wall and a central path , wherein said internal flame path is divided into at least one set of an internal main flame path and an internal sub flame path in parallel by said internal loop wall of said carbonizing room , said central annular wall inside said internal loop wall of said carbonizing room and at least one said internal flame path isolating wall; an upper plugging separating plate and a lower plugging separating plate are provided in said internal sub flame path and divide said internal sub flame path into an upper section , a middle section and a lower section , which forms an upper internal sub flame path section , a middle internal sub flame path section ...

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13-08-2020 дата публикации

FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS AND TRANSPORTATION FUELS

Номер: US20200255754A1
Принадлежит:

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

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04-11-2021 дата публикации

METHOD FOR GASIFYING CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIAL

Номер: US20210340451A1
Автор: Glock Gaston
Принадлежит:

A method for gasifying carbon-containing materials in which the material for gasification and oxygen, usually in the form of air, are supplied to a gas generator where the gasification takes place in a fixed bed reactor. The product gas is drawn off via a product gas line and introduced into a hot gas filter. A filter, preferably provided with filter candles, removes solids such as particles not yet gasified, ash and foreign bodies, while clean gas passes through and is taken off via a clean gas line. An outlet is provided in the bottom region of the hot gas filter to remove residual solids. The hot gas filter is supplied through a line with oxygen, preferably in the form of air, in its middle height region, between the filter bottom and the outlet. 1. A method for gasifying a carbon-containing material , comprising:adding a carbon-containing material to a gas generator;adding oxygen to the gas generator;at least partially gasifying the carbon-containing material in the gas generator to yield a product gas stream;supplying the product gas stream to a hot gas filter having a filter assembly; andsupplying oxygen to the hot gas filter prior to the filter assembly so that a further gasification of the product gas stream occurs.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein supplying oxygen to the hot gas filter includes supplying air to the hot gas filter.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein supplying the product gas stream to the hot gas filter includes supplying the product gas line to the hot gas filter with sufficient draft that particles not gasified in the gas generator are transported substantially into the hot gas filter.4. A method for gasifying a carbon-containing material in a gas generator having an upper region claim 1 , a middle region claim 1 , and a lower region claim 1 , comprising:supplying a carbon-containing material to the upper region of the gas generator;supplying oxygen to the middle region of the gas generator;at least partially gasifying the carbon- ...

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28-09-2017 дата публикации

Downdraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier for Producing a Product Gas from Pourable Biomass Particles

Номер: US20170275543A1
Принадлежит:

A downdraft fixed-bed gasifier for producing product gas from pourable biomass particles includes a gasifier container, a gasifier component, a feeder, an air supply inlet, a grate and a product gas vent. The gasifier container has a larger diameter than does the gasifier component. The lower open end of the gasifier component extends down into the gasifier container. The feeder is adapted to receive biomass particles into the upper closed end of the gasifier component. Combustion air is fed into the gasifier component through the air supply inlet located near the upper closed end. The grate supports the biomass particles and is disposed in a lower portion of the gasifier container below the lower open end of the gasifier component. Product gas generated from oxidizing the biomass particles exits the gasifier container through the product gas vent located in the side of the container below the level of the grate. 120-. (canceled)21. A downdraft fixed-bed gasifier for producing a product gas from pourable biomass particles , comprising:a gasifier container with a first diameter;a gasifier component with a second diameter, an upper closed end and a lower open end, wherein the lower open end of the gasifier component extends down into the gasifier container, wherein the upper closed end of the gasifier components projects up and out of the gasifier container, and wherein the first diameter is larger than the second diameter;a feeder adapted to receive biomass particles into the upper closed end of the gasifier component;an air supply inlet that enters the gasifier component near the upper closed end and through which combustion air is fed into the gasifier component;a grate adapted to support the biomass particles that is disposed in a lower portion of the gasifier container; anda product gas vent leading out of the gasifier container below the grate and through which the product gas generated from the biomass particles exits the gasifier container, and wherein the ...

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29-08-2019 дата публикации

SORBENT UTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT BY SELECTIVE ASH RECIRCULATION FROM A PARTICULATE COLLECTOR

Номер: US20190264117A1
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments of a system for the removal of particulate emissions from an electric generating unit are provided, comprising: a gas producer; a primary particulate collector unit including: a primary collection hopper field each including at least one primary collection hopper, wherein each primary collection hopper includes a primary collection hopper outlet, each primary collection hopper outlet fluidically connected to a particulate discharge duct; a flue duct inlet oriented upstream of the at least one primary collection hopper field; a flue duct outlet oriented downstream of the primary collection hopper field; wherein the gas producer is fluidically connected to the primary particulate collector unit by a flue duct; and a particulate recirculation duct fluidically connected at a first end to the primary collection hopper and/or the particulate discharge duct, and fluidically connected at a second end to the flue duct upstream of the primary particulate collector unit. 1. A system for the removal of particulate emissions from an electric generating unit , comprising:a gas producer; [ wherein each primary collection hopper includes a primary collection hopper outlet, and', 'wherein each primary collection hopper outlet is fluidically connected to a particulate discharge duct;, 'at least one primary collection hopper field, each primary collection hopper field including at least one primary collection hopper,'}, 'a flue duct inlet oriented upstream of the at least one primary collection hopper field; and', 'a flue duct outlet oriented downstream of the at least one primary collection hopper field;, 'a primary particulate collector unit includingwherein the gas producer is fluidically connected to the primary particulate collector unit by a flue duct; anda particulate recirculation duct fluidically connected at a first end to at least one of the at least one primary collection hopper and the particulate discharge duct, and fluidically connected at a second ...

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27-09-2018 дата публикации

COMBINED GASIFICATION AND VITRIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20180273415A1
Принадлежит: INENTEC INC.

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas. 1. A method for processing a feedstock including at least some organic materials , the method comprising:gasifying the feedstock in a downdraft gasifier to produce a gasified feedstock having a gas portion and a solid portion;moving at least some of the solid portion into a vitrification unit;at least one of pyrolizing or gasifying at least some of the solid portion in the vitrification unit by exposing the solid portion to plasma.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein gasifying the feedstock in a downdraft gasifier to produce a gasified feedstock having a gas portion and a solid portion includes partially gasifying the feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein moving at least some of the solid portion into a vitrification unit includes controlling a transport mechanism to move at least some of the solid portion.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the transport mechanism includes one or more of an auger claim 3 , a rake claim 3 , an agitating grate claim 3 , one or more rotating drums claim 3 , or a piston.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vitrification unit includes a molten glass bath.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of pyrolizing or gasifying at least some of the solid portion in the vitrification unit by exposing the solid portion to plasma includes producing plasma with one or more plasma electrodes in the vitrification unit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of pyrolizing or gasifying at least some of the solid portion in the vitrification unit by exposing the solid portion to plasma includes producing hydrogen rich gas from ...

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09-12-2021 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20210380893A1
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials, the process comprising the steps of: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/921,536 filed Jul. 6, 2020, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,928 filed Jul. 1, 2019, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS now U.S. Pat. No. 10,704,002, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/682,368 filed Aug. 21, 2017, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC ...

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22-10-2015 дата публикации

A METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN GAS

Номер: US20150298970A1
Автор: WONG Song Yeng
Принадлежит: Real Time Engineering Pte Ltd

Provided is a process for producing hydrogen gas in a separate stream from syngas. An assembly for producing hydrogen gas in a separate stream from syngas and a method of producing hydrogen are also provided. 1. A process of providing hydrogen gas and syngas in separate streams , the process comprising:a) heating a metal and/or metal salt with water to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen gas;b) extracting the hydrogen gas;c) heating the metal oxide with a biomass feedstock to produce a mixture comprising syngas and a metal vapour; andd) hydrogenating the syn-gas to produce synthetic crude.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal and/or metal salt is zinc claim 1 , zinc sulphate claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising condensing the metal vapour to obtain the metal claim 1 , thereby separating the syngas and metal vapour.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal is reused in a continuous process.6. A method comprisingdecomposing a metal salt at a relatively low temperature to form an acid,reacting the acid with a metal pair, andextracting resultant hydrogen gas.7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the acid is sulphuric acid claim 6 , hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the relatively low temperature is less than 1000° C.9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein formation of a metal oxide and/or carbon monoxide is substantially inhibited and/or the reaction of the acid and the metal pair is substantially complete.10. The method according to claims 6 , wherein water is added to the decomposed metal salt to form the acid. This application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/SG2012/000445, filed Nov. 27, 2012. The entire disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to a process and an assembly for producing hydrogen gas and syngas.Hydrogen molecules and atoms are ...

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19-09-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20190284047A1
Принадлежит:

Reactive diluent fluid () is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or “syngas”) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (“POX”) reactor () to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted () with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit () such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided. 1. A process for the production of syngas comprising carbon monoxide and molecular hydrogen , said process comprising: exothermically reacting hydrocarbon-containing fuel with an oxidant gas comprising molecular oxygen in a first reactor to produce an exothermically-generated syngas product , the exothermically-generated syngas product having a first concentration of carbon monoxide; combining an effluent stream of the exothermically-generated syngas product with reactive diluent fluid with to produce a mixture comprising cooled exothermically-generated syngas product and reactive diluent fluid , the mixture including carbon dioxide , molecular hydrogen and solid carbon particles; reacting the carbon dioxide and the molecular hydrogen in the mixture over a catalyst in a second reactor to produce reacted syngas product having a second concentration of carbon monoxide greater than the first concentration; and gasifying solid carbon particles in the mixture with at least one other component in the mixture to produce reacted syngas product.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising endothermically reforming hydrocarbon-containing fuel gas with ...

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19-09-2019 дата публикации

INDUSTRIAL HIGH-TEMPERATURE REFORMER AND REFORMING METHOD

Номер: US20190284490A1
Автор: KIM Hyunyong
Принадлежит:

An industrial high temperature reformer and the reforming method in which a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000° C. or higher by burning the coke, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200° C. or higher by burning the syngas, thereby producing syngas at a capacity of 500 m/hour or more by reforming all carbonaceous feedstock which is supplied to the reforming furnace. 1. An industrial high temperature reforming method comprising:a first step of supplying coke to the reforming furnace;a second step of supplying a first oxygen to the reforming furnace, and maintaining a temperature of the reforming furnace at 1000° C. or higher by burning the coke with the first oxygen;a third step of supplying steam to the reforming furnace;a fourth step of maintaining a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace at 1200° C. or higher by burning at least one of a gas mixture and a first syngas, with a second oxygen; anda fifth step of supplying carbonaceous feedstock to the reforming furnace, and generating a second syngas by reforming the carbonaceous feedstock,wherein the gas mixture is generated through the burning of the coke and the steam, and the first syngas is supplied to the reforming furnace.2. The industrial high temperature reforming method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen used to burn the coke at the second step is supplied via a lower section of the reforming furnace claim 1 , and the oxygen used to burn at least one of the gas mixture and the first syngas at the fourth step is supplied via a mid-section of the reforming furnace.3. The industrial high temperature reforming method of claim 1 , wherein the first syngas at the fourth step is part of the second syngas generated at the fifth step claim 1 , and the high temperature syngas generated at the fifth step pyrolyzes the carbonaceous feedstock and is then cooled.4. The industrial high temperature reforming method of claim 1 , ...

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20-10-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR GASIFYING A BIOMASS AND REPECTIVE GASIFIER

Номер: US20160304797A1
Автор: Bini Roberto, Gaia Mario
Принадлежит: TURBODEN S.R.L.

A method for producing syngas from preferably vegetal biomass is described. The method provides for the use of a fixed bed gasifier, equipped with two reactors. The biomass is fed to both reactors together with a primary flow rate of air. Advantageously, the method according to the present invention is different from the known art since a secondary flow rate of air is withdrawn from the first reactor at the area where the biomass dries, and fed to the second reactor at the area where the biomass dries, and vice versa, alternately during time. Alternatively, an oscillating air flow is created in each reactor. The achievable result is a greater syngas production, but not exclusively. The syngas quality is improved too, since the biomass has a longer time for completing the gasification reactions. 1. A method for producing syngas from preferably vegetal biomass , comprising the steps of:{'b': 100', '1', '2, 'a) prearranging a gasifier () provided with at least one first reactor () and at least one second reactor (),'}{'b': 1', '2', '12', '13, 'b) feeding, in each reactor (, ), biomass and a primary flow rate of oxidizing aeriform fluid, to the extent of obtaining a fixed bed of drying biomass, biomass () subjected to pyrolysis and biomass char (), that release the syngas,'}{'b': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2, 'wherein the primary flow rate of oxidizing aeriform fluid is fed co-current or counter-current to the reactors (, ) with respect to the biomass, and/or is fed into a chamber () connecting the reactors (, ),'}{'b': '13', 'and wherein the steps alternated in time, which promote the char () gasification, of{'b': 1', '2, 'c) suctioning a secondary flow rate of oxidizing aeriform fluid from the first reactor (), at the area where the biomass dries, and feeding to a second reactor (), at the area where the biomass dries, and'}{'b': 2', '1, 'd) suctioning a secondary flow rate of oxidizing aeriform fluid from the second reactor (), at the area where the biomass dries, and ...

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29-10-2015 дата публикации

GASIFICATION PROCESS AND SYSTEM USING DRYER INTEGRATED WITH WATER-GAS SHIFT CATALYST

Номер: US20150307791A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a gasification process and system, wherein a dryer integrated with a water-gas-shift catalyst is disposed in front of a gasifier. 1. A gasification method , comprising the steps of:a) supplying a water-containing carbonaceous feedstock into a dryer integrated with a water-gas-shift reaction catalyst;b) drying the water-containing carbonaceous feedstock in the dryer to produce a steam while performing a water-gas-shift reaction using the steam as a reactant;c) solid-gas-separating the dried carbonaceous feedstock and the water-gas-shift reaction product;d) gasifying the dried carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of a gasifying agent to obtain a gasification product; ande) recycling at least a part of the gasification product into the dryer in the step b) to provide an energy source for drying the water-containing carbonaceous feedstock.2. The gasification method of claim 1 , wherein the water-containing carbonaceous feedstock has a water content of 20 to 70 wt %.3. The gasification method of claim 1 , wherein the dried carbonaceous feedstock has a water content of 10 wt % or less.4. The gasification method of claim 1 , wherein the water-gas-shift reaction catalyst is applied or supported on a monolithic structure including a plurality of linear or curved inner passageways for passing gas and carbonaceous feedstock particles.5. The gasification method of claim 4 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock particles has a particle size of 300 to 500 μm claim 4 , and the size of the inner passageway of the monolithic structure is at least 0.5 cm in a flow direction.6. The gasification method of claim 4 , wherein the water-gas-shift reaction catalyst is configured such that a water-gas-shift reaction catalyst region operated at a high temperature range of 350 to 450□ and a water-gas-shift reaction catalyst region operated at a low temperature range of 190 to 250□ are sequentially disposed in a gas flow direction.7. The gasification method of ...

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05-11-2015 дата публикации

Enhancement of Fischer-Tropsch Process for Hydrocarbon Fuel Formulation

Номер: US20150315481A1
Принадлежит: EXPANDER ENERGY Inc

An enhanced Fischer-Tropsch process for the synthesis of sulfur free, clean burning, green hydrocarbon fuels, examples of which include syndiesel and aviation fuel. Naphtha is destroyed in a hydrogen generator and recycled as feedstock to a syngas (FT) reactor in order to enhance the production of syndiesel from the reactor. A further variation integrates a second hydrogen generator capturing light hydrocarbon gas for conversion to hydrogen and carbon monoxide which supplements the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, The result is a considerable increase in the volume of syndiesel formulated. A system for effecting the process is also characterized in the specification.

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05-11-2015 дата публикации

SOLID GASIFICATION APPARATUS

Номер: US20150315501A1
Принадлежит:

A solid gasification apparatus includes a reaction chamber thermally insulated by a heat insulating material, a heat beam fluid heat exchange apparatus that produces a first heated gas and a second heated gas, and a unit that includes a gas flow path. The unit spays the first heated gas against a material solid in a reaction chamber to heat the material solid, and, simultaneously, makes the material solid react with the first heated gas to produce a produced gas containing the element of the material solid. The unit makes a second heated gas contact and react with the produced gas. 1. A solid gasification apparatus , comprising:a reaction chamber thermally insulated by a heat insulating material;a heat beam fluid heat exchange apparatus that produces a first heated gas and a second heated gas; anda unit that includes a gas flow path,wherein the unit spays the first heated gas against a material solid in a reaction chamber to heat the material solid, and, simultaneously, makes the material solid react with the first heated gas to produce a produced gas containing the element of the material solid; andwherein the unit makes a second heated gas contact and react with the produced gas.2. The solid gasification apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the material solid comprises a metal including gallium claim 1 , indium claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , or zirconium claim 1 , a plant-derived organic material including wood chips or paper or the like claim 1 , or an animal-derived organic material including flesh or oil or fat.3. The solid gasification apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first heated gas and the second heated gas each comprise steam claim 1 , a gas including hydrogen claim 1 , hydrogen halide claim 1 , air claim 1 , or carbon hydride claim 1 , a gas containing hydrogen claim 1 , hydrogen halide claim 1 , air claim 1 , and carbon hydride claim 1 , or a gas mixture thereof.4. The solid gasification apparatus according ...

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25-10-2018 дата публикации

INDUSTRIAL FURNACE INTEGRATED WITH BIOMASS GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20180305627A1

An integrated apparatus of industrial furnace and biomass gasification system and a process of operating said system are disclosed. Hot flue gas containing high concentration of COand water issued from an industrial furnace such as a glass furnace or a melting furnace for non-ferrous metals is introduced into a biomass gasification system as a heat source to promote the pyrolysis of biomass and/or as a gasification agent to generate syngas. The generated syngas is blended with solid-fuel such as petcoke before being introduced into the industrial furnace to facilitate ignition and combustion of petcoke. Overall CO, NOand SOemission from the industrial furnace are reduced, and the lifetime of the industrial furnace is increased. 114-. (canceled)15. An integrated apparatus comprises a biomass gasification system containing a pyrolysis unit and a gasifier unit , an industrial furnace , a conduit feeding a stream of flue gas containing COand HO issued from the industrial furnace into the biomass gasification system , a conduit feeding a stream of syngas generated in the biomass gasification system into the industrial furnace , a conduit feeding a stream of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as gasification agent to the gasifier unit , wherein the stream of flue gas is introduced into either one or both of the pyrolysis unit and the gasifier unit of the biomass gasification system.16. The integrated apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the stream of flue gas enters into the gasifier unit after passing through the pyrolysis unit of the biomass gasification system.17. The integrated apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the gasifier unit is selected from a fixed-bed gasifier claim 15 , an entrained flow gasifier or a fluidized gasifier.18. The integrated apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the stream of syngas generated in the biomass gasification system is at a pressure of equal or greater than 2 bars before being introduced into the industrial furnace.19. The integrated apparatus of claim ...

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03-12-2015 дата публикации

Plasma gasification reactors with modified carbon beds and reduced coke requirements

Номер: US20150344793A1
Принадлежит: Alter NRG Corp

An apparatus includes a reactor vessel containing a carbonaceous bed and having means for establishing an elevated temperature within the carbonaceous bed; and the reactor vessel also having one or more feed material inlets above the carbonaceous bed for depositing process material from outside the vessel onto the carbonaceous bed, one or more gas exhaust ports above the bed for exit of gaseous products from the vessel, and one or more slag ports at the bottom of the carbonaceous bed for exit of molten and vitreous material from the vessel; wherein the carbonaceous bed comprises bricks that contain carbon and are of varied size and shape of which at least 25% of the total carbon content of the bed comprises spent pot liner material from aluminum processing, and wherein the bricks further comprise at least one of: Portland cement, potassium silicate cement, or aluminum silicate cement.

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15-11-2018 дата публикации

SANDWICH GASIFICATION PROCESS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY CONVERSION OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS TO CLEAN SYNGAS WITH ZERO RESIDUAL CARBON DISCHARGE

Номер: US20180327679A1
Автор: Patel Nikhil Manubhai
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a gasifier and/or a gasification process that provides a long, uniform temperature zone in the gasifier, regardless of the particle size, chemical composition, and moisture content of the fuel by sandwiching a reduction zones between two oxidation zones. The gasifier and/or gasification process has a char that is more energy-dense and almost devoid of moisture that affords for an additional (or char) oxidation zone with a temperature that is higher than a first oxidation zone which is closer to a evaporation and devolatilization zone. As such, the additional (or char) oxidation zone contributes to augmenting the reduction zone temperature, thereby providing a favorable dual impact in improving syngas composition and near-complete conversion of the tar. 1. A mixed-mode gasification process comprising:providing a gasifier having a fuel injection port and an ash or residue extraction port, a first exothermic oxidation zone, a second exothermic oxidation zone, a third exothermic oxidation zone, a first endothermic reduction zone located directly next to and sandwiched between the first and second exothermic oxidation zones, and a second endothermic reduction zone located directly next to and sandwiched between the first and third exothermic oxidation zones, the first exothermic oxidation zone located on a side of the gasifier next to the fuel injection port and upstream from the first and second endothermic reduction zones, the second and third exothermic oxidation zones located on a side of the gasifier next to the ash or residue extraction port.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second and third exothermic oxidation zones have a temperature that is higher than the first exothermic oxidation zone.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the gasifier further comprises at least two different gasification medium injection zones.4. The process of claim 3 , further comprising providing at least two separate gasification medium.5. The process ...

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24-10-2019 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20190322954A1
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

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15-10-2020 дата публикации

METHOD OF ONLINE CONTROL OF A SLAG FORMING GASIFICATION PROCESS AND PLANT FOR A GASIFICATION PROCESS

Номер: US20200325408A1

A method of online control of a slag-forming process of gasification of a carbonaceous solid fuel, especially coal, in a gasification reactor with supply of a gasifying agent and a moderator is provided. Certain embodiments relate to a gasification process for producing a product gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a solid fuel, to a computer program for online control of the slag-forming gasification process, and to a plant for conducting a gasification process for producing a product gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a solid fuel. Certain aspects of the invention combine an online solid fuel analysis with a process model in order to operate a gasification process for solid fuels by the feed-forward principle at the thermodynamically optimal operating point. The invention permits the establishment of the operating point in real time in order to react to rapid variations in the composition of the solid fuel. Certain embodiments also permit the complete automation of the gasification process. 1. A method of online control of a slag-forming process of gasification of a carbonaceous solid fuel , in a gasification reactor with supply of a gasifying agent and a moderator , the method comprising the steps of:a) defining the quantity of a product gas to be produced by the gasification process;b) conducting an online solid fuel analysis on a solid fuel sample taken prior to entry of the solid fuel into the gasification reactor by means of an online solid fuel analyser to determine an ash content and an ash composition of the solid fuel prior to entry into the gasification reactor;c) reading out operating data of the gasification reactor by means of a process control system; i. determines an operating temperature of the gasification reactor based on the ash composition ascertained by the online solid fuel analysis in order to enable essentially complete outflow of slag out of the gasification reactor;', 'ii. determines a required mass flow rate of ...

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01-12-2016 дата публикации

DEVICE WITH DILATED OXIDATION ZONE FOR GASIFYING FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20160348015A1
Принадлежит:

A downdraft gasifier that utilizes a plurality of vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. The shape of the tubes eliminates the need for a restriction (hearth), which limits the maximum achievable throughput. A rotating and vertically adjustable grate is located beneath, but not attached to, the reduction zone of the gasifier. 1. A variably rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below , but not touching the reduction zone of a partially open core downdraft gasifier used for gasification of feedstock.2. The grate of claim 1 , wherein the grate is durable claim 1 , heat resistant and non-reactive claim 1 , and the grate has a top face and a bottom face claim 1 , and the top face of the grate has no right angles with respect to the orientation of the gasifier claim 1 , and the top face of the grate further comprises a pattern that is a spiral groove that begins at the center of the grate and spans the entire top face of the grate.3. The grate of claim 1 , further comprising holes in and distributed symmetrically across the grate claim 1 , wherein biochar falls from the distal end of the gasifier through the grate.4. The grate of claim 1 , further wherein the grate has a top face and a bottom face claim 1 , the bottom face of the grate is a frame and the top face of the grate comprises a plurality of replaceable segments sitting on the grate.5. The grate of claim 1 , wherein the grate vertically adjusts and rotates to control the residence time of feedstock and biochar within a gasifier. The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/751,983, filed Jan. 28, 2013 and titled Device with Dilated Oxidation Zone for Gasifying Feedstock, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.The invention relates to thermochemical technology and equipment, in particular, to processes and apparatuses for gasifying solid ...

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15-10-2020 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF A GAS AND METHODS THEREFOR

Номер: US20200326067A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are methods and systems for producing a gas from a combustible material. In particular, disclosed are methods and systems for batch-type production of a gas from a combustible material. The methods and systems include igniting at least a portion of the combustible material loaded in the sealed containment structure to form a thermally affected layer, wherein the step of feeding the oxidant into the sealed containment structure is carried out so that conversion of the combustible material to a gas at one point in the sequence is initiated prior to complete conversion of the combustible material at a previous point in the sequence. 1. A method of producing a gas from a combustible material , the method comprising the steps of:(a) loading the combustible material into a containment structure which is longer along a horizontal axis compared to a width or a height to form a bed;(b) substantially sealing the containment structure;(c) feeding an oxidant into the sealed containment structure and igniting the combustible material to form a gasification zone;(d) moving an oxidant injection point from one end to the other end along a horizontal axis at the base of the structure;(e) controlling a flow rate of oxidant and a rate of movement of the oxidant injection point such that the combustible material is partly converted, thereby leaving behind an unconverted, thermally affected layer of combustible material in the sealed containment structure after the injection point has passed through the material;f) cooling and purging the sealed containment structure and loading fresh combustible material on top of the thermally affected layer left behind after completing steps c) to e); andg) repeating steps b) to f).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant is fed into the sealed containment structure by an injection member configured to include a plurality of oxidant outlets arranged to carry a flow of an oxidant.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injection member ...

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22-11-2018 дата публикации

GASIFICATION APPARATUS, CONTROL DEVICE, INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE, AND CONTROL METHOD

Номер: US20180334626A1
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.

A gasification apparatus for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock to produce raw syngas includes a gasifier in which the raw syngas flows, a heat exchanger provided inside the gasifier downstream to exchange heat with the raw syngas, a hanger pipe through which a part of water supplied from a water supply passage flows to support a load of the heat exchanger, a heat exchanger inflow passage configured to cause the water flowing out from the hanger pipe to flow to an inflow side of the heat exchanger, a bypass passage branching from the water supply passage to cause a remaining of the water supplied to the hanger pipe, a bypass valve provided in the bypass passage, and a control device configured to control, depending on a gasifier load, an opening degree of the bypass valve to adjust the water supplied to the hanger pipe and the bypass passage. 1. A gasification apparatus for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock to produce raw syngas , the gasification apparatus comprising:a gasifier in which the raw syngas flows;a heat exchanger provided inside the gasifier on a downstream side where the raw syngas flows to exchange heat with the raw syngas;a hanger pipe through which at least a part of water supplied from a water supply passage flows, the hanger pipe being configured to support a load of the heat exchanger;a heat exchanger inflow passage configured to cause the water flowing out from the hanger pipe to flow to an inflow side of the heat exchanger;a bypass passage branching from the water supply passage to cause a remaining of the water supplied to the hanger pipe to flow through the heat exchanger inflow passage;a bypass valve provided in the bypass passage; anda control device configured to control, depending on a gasifier load that is a load in the gasifier, an opening degree of the bypass valve to adjust an amount of the water supplied to the hanger pipe and the bypass passage.2. The gasification apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe control device is ...

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22-10-2020 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20200332206A1
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

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08-12-2016 дата публикации

Parallel path, downdraft gasifier apparatus and method

Номер: US20160355741A1
Принадлежит: Clean Spark Inc, Smart Data Corp

A method for using a downdraft gasifier comprising a housing and a refractory stack contained within the housing. The refractory stack may comprise various sections. Apertures in the sections may be aligned to form multiple columnar cavities. Each columnar cavity may comprise an individual oxidation zone. The method of use may include the steps of placing a feedstock into an upper portion of the refractory stack, measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity, and adjusting the flow of oxygen to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range.

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31-10-2019 дата публикации

COMPACT GASIFIER-GENSET ARCHITECTURE

Номер: US20190334411A1
Принадлежит:

A compact biomass gasification-based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, including an enclosure that encases: a gasifier including a pyrolysis module coaxially arranged above a reactor module, a generator including an engine and an alternator, and a hopper. The generator system additionally includes a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module, a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module, and a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module. The system can additionally include a central wiring conduit electrically connected to the pyrolysis module, reactor module, and engine, and a control panel connected to the conduit that enables single-side operation.

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15-12-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS USING PRESSURIZED OXYGEN

Номер: US20160362621A1
Автор: Goebel Steven G.
Принадлежит:

A system and method of producing syngas from a solid waste stream is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that gasifies the solid waste stream to produce a first gas stream. A process module cools the first gas stream and removes contaminants, such as metals, sulfur and carbon dioxide from the first gas stream to produce a second gas stream having hydrogen. The second gas stream may be received by a power module that generates electrical power from the second gas stream. The process module may include one or more heat exchangers. The process module may further increase the pressure of an oxygen gas stream that flows to the gasification generator. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to syngas comprising:an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to an input stream of solid waste material, the first gas stream including hydrogen, the input module including an input port; anda process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including a first heat exchanger operable to transfer thermal energy from the first gas stream to an oxygen gas stream, the first heat exchanger being fluidly coupled to transfer the oxygen gas stream to the input port, the process module further including at least one clean-up process module fluidly coupled to the first heat exchanger to receive the cooled first gas stream, the at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen.2. The system of wherein the first heat exchanger is further configured to receive the oxygen gas stream at a first temperature and first pressure claim 1 , the first heat exchanger further being configured to transfer thermal energy to the oxygen gas stream claim 1 , wherein the oxygen gas stream exits the first heat exchanger at a second temperature and second pressure claim 1 , ...

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14-12-2017 дата публикации

Mobile apparatus for carbon-containing materials including biohazard wastes gasification by thermal decomposition and conversion into a liquid fuels.

Номер: US20170355909A1
Автор: Dementev Alexander
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for gasification of carbon-containing materials including biohazard wastes, and more specifically, to a method for gasification of carbon-containing materials which allows an increase in carbon efficiency and a reduction in carbon dioxide emission, comprising the steps of: biohazard wastes grinding and sterilization, mix with carbon-containing materials for the gasification; and catalytic production of diesel fuel. A system having a movable platform including: material preparation block, gasification and catalytic of diesel fuel production reactors which are structurally and functionally integrated. In the practice of the process, a mixture of carbon-containing materials, a compressed air feed and process steam is fed to the gasifier to produce a synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is fed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor where it is catalytically reacted to produce heavy hydrocarbons. The outlet from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is separated into water, a low heating value tail gas, and the desired hydrocarbon liquid product. The water is pressurized and heated to generate process steam. The system further includes a plurality of heat exchangers that enable heat to be recovered from the outlet of the gasifier. The recovered heat is used to make the process steam as well as to preheat the hydrocarbon mix before it is fed to the gasifier and preheat the synthesis gas before it is fed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The method of the present invention greatly increases carbon efficiency and reduces the generation of carbon dioxide. 1. A carbon-containing materials to liquids process comprising the steps of:a. transporting a movable platform comprising a material preparation unit, synthesis gas production unit, a synthetic crude production unit, and a product clean up unit to a location at or near carbon-containing materials containing reserve;b. receiving carbon-containing materials from the reserve and biohazard wastes from the ...

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15-12-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

Номер: US20160365593A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method of producing syngas from a solid waste stream is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that gasifies the solid waste stream to produce a first gas stream. A process module cools the first gas stream and removes contaminants, such as metals, sulfur and carbon dioxide from the first gas stream to produce a second gas stream having hydrogen. The second gas stream is received by a power module that generates electrical power from the second gas stream. The process module may include one or more heat exchangers. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to energy comprising:an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to an input stream of solid waste material, the first gas stream including hydrogen;a process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including a first heat exchanger operable to cool the first gas stream, the process module further including at least one clean-up process module fluidly coupled to the first heat exchanger to receive the cooled first gas stream, the at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen; anda hydrogen conversion device configured to receive the second gas stream and generate electrical power based at least in part from the hydrogen in the second gas stream.2. The system of wherein the first gas stream is cooled to a temperature less than or equal to 300 C.3. The system of wherein the at least one clean-up process module includes a first clean-up process module and a second clean-up process module claim 1 , the first clean-up process module being fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream from the first heat exchanger claim 1 , the second clean-up process module being fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream from the first clean-up process module and produce the ...

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14-11-2019 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20190345400A1
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Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

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31-12-2015 дата публикации

ENERGY EFFICIENT APPARATUS EMPLOYING ENERGY EFFICIENT PROCESS SCHEMES PROVIDING ENHANCED INTEGRATION OF GASIFICATION-BASED MULTI-GENERATION AND HYDROCARBON REFINING FACILITIES AND RELATED METHODS

Номер: US20150377079A1
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Energy-efficient gasification-based multi-generation apparatus, facilities, or systems, and methods of modifying existing gasification-based multi-generation apparatus and the various conventional thermal coupling arrangements, are provided. Apparatus for managing waste heat recovery through integration of a gasification-based multi-generation facility or other multi-generation system with a hydrocarbon refining facility or other hydrocarbon refining system and methods of providing the respective integration are also provided. An exemplary apparatus includes an integrated site energy management system configured according to one or more process-based thermal coupling schemes comprising one or more thermal coupling arrangements between a gasification-based multi-generation system or facility and a hydrocarbon refining system or facility. The gasification-based multi-generation system or facility can include an acid gas removal system or plant configured to remove acidic contaminants from a raw syngas feed to thereby provide a treated syngas feed, the acid gas removal system or plant containing a separation section including a solvent regenerator, and a gasification system configured to generate the raw syngas feed from a carbon-based feedstock. The hydrocarbon refining system or facility can include an aromatics system or plant containing a xylene products separation section including one or more of the following: an Extract column and a Raffinate column. The integrated site energy management system can include a hot-water system extending between the separation section of the acid gas removal system or plant and the xylene products separation section of the aromatics system or plant, and a plurality of added heat exchanger units providing various advanced thermal coupling arrangements. 1. An apparatus for managing waste heat recovery through integration of a gasification-based multi-generation facility or other multi-generation system with a hydrocarbon refining ...

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28-12-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GASIFYING CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIAL

Номер: US20170369801A1
Автор: Glock Gaston
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An apparatus and a method for gasifying carbon-containing materials in which the material for gasification and oxygen, usually in the form of air, are supplied to a gas generator where the gasification takes place in a fixed bed reactor. The product gas is drawn off via a product gas line and introduced into a hot gas filter. A filter, preferably provided with filter candles, removes solids such as particles not yet gasified, ash and foreign bodies, while clean gas passes through and is taken off via a clean gas line. An outlet is provided in the bottom region of the hot gas filter to remove residual solids. The hot gas filter is supplied through a line with oxygen, preferably in the form of air, in its middle height region, between the filter bottom and the outlet. 13.-. (canceled)4. An apparatus for gasifying carbon-containing material , comprising:a gas generator; the gas generator having an upper region, a middle region, and a lower region;wherein the carbon-containing material is supplied to the upper region of the gas generator, oxygen is supplied to the middle region of the gas generator, and the carbon-containing material is largely gasified to a product gas in a fixed bed reactor in the lower region of the gas generator; anda hot gas filter, wherein the hot gas filter receives the product gas from the gas generator via a product gas line coupled to a lowermost region of the gas generator and passes the product gas through a filter assembly to yield a clean gas; the hot gas filter further including a solids outlet in a bottom region of the hot gas filter for taking off residual solids removed from the product gas by the filter assembly;wherein oxygen is supplied via a gas line to a middle region of the hot gas filter between the filter assembly and the solids outlet.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein oxygen is supplied to the middle region of the gas generator in the form of air.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the carbon-containing material includes ...

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28-12-2017 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20170369805A1
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon up to 90% and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon up to 10% along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes.2. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid wastes.4. The Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , up to about 80% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed ...

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