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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 9200. Отображено 100.
05-05-2021 дата публикации

Устройство для утилизации отходов

Номер: RU0000204070U1
Автор: Алексей Иванович Козлов, Марк Валентинович Балановский, Святослав Олегович Лавриненко, Сергей Евгеньевич Гаркуша
Принадлежит: Святослав Олегович Лавриненко

Полезная модель относится к устройству утилизации промышленных (резина, нефтяной шлам, растворители, отходы полиграфии, полимерные отходы), бытовых (несортированный бытовой мусор), опасных (медицинские отходы, кислые гудроны, промышленная и бытовая электроника) и многих других промышленных отходов, которое перерабатывает такие отходы в промышленно применимый продукт - синтез-газ, основными сферами применения синтез-газа являются производство электрической и тепловой энергии, получение оксида углерода и водорода, синтез Фишера-Тропша и др.Техническим результатом является повышение эффективности утилизации органических, медицинских и других опасных промышленных отходов с получением высококачественного получаемого синтез-газа, не требующего дополнительных мер по его разделению и очистке при сохранении небольших массогабаритных характеристик устройства.Технический результат достигается тем, что устройство для утилизации отходов содержит узел загрузки, реактор и, по меньшей мере, два блока СВЧ-излучателей, установленные по внешнему периметру реактора, между каждым блоком СВЧ-излучателей и реактором введен узел пароперегревателя с экранирующей рубашкой, выполненный с возможностью подачи в него пара, при этом узел пароперегревателя содержит пористую керамику с возможностью поглощения СВЧ-излучения. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 204 070 U1 (51) МПК F23G 5/08 (2006.01) C10J 3/72 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК F23G 5/08 (2021.02); C10J 3/72 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2021103024, 08.02.2021 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 05.05.2021 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Лавриненко Святослав Олегович (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 05.05.2021 Бюл. № 13 2 0 4 0 7 0 (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ОТХОДОВ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к устройству отходов с получением высококачественного утилизации промышленных (резина, нефтяной получаемого синтез-газа, не требующего ...

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Номер записи: 1
02-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and System for Controlled Gasification

Номер: US20120023822A1
Автор: Christopher O'Neill, Mark Daniel D'Agostini
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

Disclosed is a system and a method of controlled gasification. The method includes introducing a first fuel to a gasifier in a system, introducing a first fuel to a gasifier in a system, generating a product gas by partially oxidizing the first fuel with an oxidizer including oxygen, directing a first portion of the product gas to a process chamber, and selectively introducing a recycled portion of the product gas to the gasifier.

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Номер записи: 2
16-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for processing of carbon-containing feed stock into gasification gas

Номер: US20120036778A1
Автор: Sergii Y. Stryzhak
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

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Номер записи: 3
17-05-2012 дата публикации

Entrained flow gasifier with integrated radiation cooler

Номер: US20120117878A1
Автор: Christian Reuther, Frank Hannemann, Manfred Schingnitz, Ralph Schumann, Thomas Fleischer
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AG

An entrained flow gasifier designed as a component for an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant of optimized efficiency is provided. The raw gas initially flows through a waste heat unit designed as a radiation cooler and subsequently flows through a full water quench. This results in a higher ratio of steam in the raw gas, which decreases the medium-pressure steam supply before the water-gas shift and thus improves efficiency in IGCC plants with CO 2 separation.

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Номер записи: 4
05-07-2012 дата публикации

Integrated gasification combined cycle plant with char preparation system

Номер: US20120167585A1
Автор: Alex Wormser
Принадлежит: Wormser Energy Solutions Inc

Provided herein are systems, methods and equipment that include Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology to retrofit existing plants, that include, e.g., subsystems for separating char fines from syngas after it emerges from an internally-circulating fluidized bed carbonizer and injecting the char into the carbonizer draft tube as a fuel source. Efficiency and power generation are thus increased to the extent that inclusion of carbon capture systems are now possible for existing coal plants in order to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

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Номер записи: 5
26-07-2012 дата публикации

Gasification reactor for production of crude gas containing co or h2

Номер: US20120189499A1
Автор: Eberhard Kuske, Johannes Dostal, Lothar Semrau, Reinald Schulze Eckel
Принадлежит: THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH

In the case of a gasification reactor for the production of crude gas, containing CO or H 2 , by gasification of ash-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gas, at temperatures above the melting temperature of the ash, wherein a reaction chamber formed by a membrane wall through which coolant flows, within a pressure container, is provided, with a narrowing transition channel into a gas cooling chamber, wherein spin-reducing, cooled bulkheads are provided in the transition channel, a solution is to be created, with which a strand formation of the outflowing ash can be achieved, for one thing, and, for another, a further slag drip edge that ensures optimal slag outflow is made available. This is achieved in that the wall ( 14 ) that carries the bulkheads ( 9 ) makes a transition, below the bulkheads, into a cylinder wall ( 17 ) that is reduced in diameter, by way of a step ( 21 ) having a corrugated surface, that the cylinder wall ( 17 ), which is reduced in diameter, is enclosed by a further cylindrical wall ( 19 ), which is enlarged in diameter, which wall forms a second slag drip edge ( 10 ) at its end, in the direction of gravity, and that the further cylindrical wall ( 19 ) is disposed to be adjustable (arrow 22 ) in its vertical position, with reference to the first drip edge ( 18 ).

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Номер записи: 6
11-10-2012 дата публикации

Metering system, dense phase conveying system and method for supplying bulk material in powder form

Номер: US20120257934A1
Автор: Christian Eichhorn, Dietmar Rüger, Horst Kretschmer, Jörg Kleeberg, Olaf Schulze
Принадлежит: Linde GmbH

The present invention relates to a metering system for the steady, continuous, dosed supply of a bulk material in powder form made of light, polydisperse particles from a supply device (B, SG) into a plurality of conveying tubes (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ) to a consumer arranged downstream. The metering system comprises at least two metering containers (DB 1 , DB 2 , DB 3 ) each having a delivery device (AE 2/1 , AE 2/2 , AE 2/3 ), the delivery device (AE 2/1 , AE 2/2 , AE 2/3 ) for each of the conveying tubes (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ) comprising a dust flow regulation device (FI 1/1 , FI 2/1 , FI 3/2 ), which is assigned thereto and opens therein, and a mass flow measuring probe (FIC 1 , FIC 2 , FIC 3 ) being arranged on each of the conveying tubes (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ), which is coupled to the dust flow regulation device (FI 1/1 to FI 3/2 ) which opens into the corresponding conveying tube (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ). Furthermore, the metering system has a pressure regulation device, which is coupled to the pressure measuring devices (PI 1/1 , PI 1/2 , PI 1/3 ) arranged on the delivery devices (AE 2/1 , AE 2/2 , AE 2/3 ), and which controls a metering container pressure (PIS 2/1 , PIS 2/2 , PIS 2/3 ) at least as a function of a metering container fill level (LIS 1 , LIS 2 , LIS 3 ). A pump device (V) can be coupled to each of the metering containers (DB 1 , DB 2 , DB 3 ), which provides a pressure (PIS 2/1 , PIS 2/2 , PIS 2/3 ) in the metering container (DB 1 , DB 2 , DB 3 ), which is less than a pressure in the supply device (B, SG). Furthermore, the invention discloses a dense phase conveying system, which comprises the metering system and a method for the steady, continuous, dosed supply of a bulk material in powder form made of light, polydisperse particles.

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Номер записи: 7
06-12-2012 дата публикации

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Номер: US20120309070A1
Автор: Eric L. Szaloczi, Glenn A. Ulrich, James B. Dodson, Jeffrey L. Weber, Robert S. Pfeiffer, Roland P. DeBruyn
Принадлежит: Luca Technologies LLC

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

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Номер записи: 8
13-12-2012 дата публикации

Tunable catalytic gasifiers and related methods

Номер: US20120311931A1
Автор: John Dooher
Принадлежит: Good Earth Power Corp

The present disclosure provides tunable catalytic gasifier systems suitable for gasifying coal, biomass, and other fuel sources. The gasifier reactors of the disclosed systems may be heated by, e.g., a catalytic tube or other jacket that generates heat by catalytically combusting syngas, which syngas may be syngas produced by the gasifier system.

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Номер записи: 9
14-02-2013 дата публикации

Gasification power generation plant

Номер: US20130036720A1
Автор: Kenta Haari, Osamu Shinada, Yasunari Shibata, Yuichiro Kitagawa
Принадлежит: Individual

A gasifier ( 101 ) that has a fluid communication channel ( 131 ) that communicates a fluid, which undergoes heat exchange in the furnace, and that generates syngas by gasifying fuel; gas purifying equipment that removes impurities contained in the syngas generated by the gasifier ( 101 ); a gas turbine that is driven by the gas purified by the gas purifying equipment; and a heat exchanger that heats a fluid with exhaust expelled from the gas turbine are provided, and the fluid heated by the heat exchanger is supplied to the fluid communication channel ( 131 ) by being pressurized by pressurizing gas when performing warm-up of the gasifier ( 101 ).

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Номер записи: 10
14-02-2013 дата публикации

Systems And Methods For Starting Up A Gasifier

Номер: US20130037750A1
Автор: John Abughazaleh, Ron Gualy
Принадлежит: Kellogg Brown and Root LLC

Systems and methods for starting a gasifier are provided. In the method, a heated start-up medium can be fed to a gasifier operating at a first temperature. Heat can be transferred from the heated start-up medium to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier from the first temperature to an intermediate temperature sufficient to auto-ignite a start-up fuel. A start-up fuel and an oxidant can be fed to the gasifier after the temperature within the gasifier is increased to the intermediate temperature. At least a portion of the start-up fuel can be combusted within the gasifier to produce a combustion gas. Heat can be transferred from the combustion gas to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier to an operating temperature, wherein the operating temperature is sufficient to gasify at least a portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock.

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Номер записи: 11
28-03-2013 дата публикации

Fuel gasification system

Номер: US20130078158A1
Автор: Koubun Kyo, Takahiro Murakami, Toshiyuki Suda
Принадлежит: Individual

A fuel gasification system including a gasification furnace including a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas for gasifying fuel charged into gasification gas and flammable solid content, a combustion furnace for combustion of the flammable solid content into which the flammable solid content produced in the furnace is introduced together with bed material and that includes a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas, a material separator such as hot cyclone that separates bed material from exhaust gas introduced from the combustion furnace, the separated bed material being fed through a downcomer to the gasification furnace, and a tar decomposing mechanism that heats the gasification gas produced in the furnace to decompose tar contained in the gasification gas.

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Номер записи: 12
25-04-2013 дата публикации

GASIFICATION DEVICE AND METHOD

Номер: US20130097928A1
Автор: Schwarz Armin, Urra Saco Mario
Принадлежит: Big Dutchman International GmbH

The invention concerns a gasification device for the creation of a flammable gas from a solid, comprising a gasification zone, in which the solid can be filled through a fill opening, an oxidation zone for the oxidation of the resulting gas, which is connected to the gasification zone to conduct the gas created in the gasification zone into the oxidation zone. According to the invention, the efficiency of the gasification device is improved in that the gasification zone is divided into several neighboring gasification sectors, a temperature metering unit is present that is configured to measure the temperature prevailing in each gasification sector, and the temperature metering unit is coupled by signal technology to a control unit, which is coupled to an air supply device by signal technology, that is designed to supply air individually to each gasification sector, and the amount of air supplied to each gasification sector per unit of time is dependent on the temperature measured therein. 117.-. (canceled)18. A gasification device for the creation of a flammable gas from a solid , comprising:a gasification zone in which the solid can be filled through a fill opening;an oxidation zone for the oxidation of the resulting gas, which is connected to the gasification zone to conduct the gas created in the gasification zone into the oxidation zone, wherein the gasification zone is divided into several neighboring gasification sectors that are distributed about a periphery of the gasification zone; anda temperature metering unit configured to measure the temperature prevailing in each gasification sector, the temperature metering unit being coupled by signal technology to a control unit, which is coupled to an air supply device by signal technology that is designed to supply air individually to each gasification sector, and the amount of air supplied to each gasification sector per unit of time is dependent on the temperature measured therein.19. The gasification device ...

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Номер записи: 13
25-04-2013 дата публикации

Two stage dry feed gasification process

Номер: US20130099168A1
Автор: Shuncheng Ji
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A dry feed two stage gasification system and process is disclosed for gasifying feedstock such as carbonaceous materials with improved energy efficiency, along with reductions in feedstock consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The feedstock is first dried and pretreated with the hot syngas in the upper section of the gasifier to generate a dry char that is low in volatile-matter content. This dry char is sent to the first stage of a two stage gasifier where it reacts with oxygen in the presence of steam to produce a hot syngas stream.

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Номер записи: 14
30-05-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GASIFICATION

Номер: US20130133305A1
Автор: DePuy Richard Anthony
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

A system includes a gasifier having a first enclosure having a first inlet, a first outlet, and a first interior volume. The first inlet is configured to receive a first fuel feedstock into the first interior volume, and the first outlet is configured to output a first syngas away from the first interior volume. The system also includes a plasma gasifier disposed downstream from the first outlet and coupled to a waste stream produced by the gasifier from the first fuel feedstock. 1. A system , comprising:a gasifier comprising a first enclosure having a first inlet, a first outlet, and a first interior volume, wherein the first inlet is configured to receive a first fuel feedstock into the first interior volume, and the first outlet is configured to output a first syngas away from the first interior volume; anda plasma gasifier disposed downstream from the first outlet and coupled to a waste stream produced by the gasifier from the first fuel feedstock.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasma gasifier comprises a second enclosure having a second inlet claim 1 , a second outlet claim 1 , and a second interior volume claim 1 , wherein a plurality of plasma torches are coupled to the second enclosure.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second interior volume is at least less than approximately 5 percent of the first interior volume.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of plasma torches are directed toward one another to generally converge plasma streams.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the waste stream comprises a filter cake produced from a black water source filtered through a fines filter unit in fluid communication with the plasma gasifier.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the plasma gasifier comprises a second inlet configured to receive the filter cake from the fines filter.7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the filter cake is treated in the plasma gasifier to produce a second syngas.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein plasma gasifier is ...

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Номер записи: 15
27-06-2013 дата публикации

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

Номер: US20130165534A1
Автор: Benjamin H. CARRYER, Bruce E. McComish, Bryan C. Borum, Eric R. ELROD, Harold A. Wright, Mark D. Ibsen, Mark K. Robertson, Sim Weeks, Weibin Jiang
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

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Номер записи: 16
18-07-2013 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Producing Engineered Fuel from High Cellulose Feedstock

Номер: US20130183715A1
Автор: Paul T. Baskis
Принадлежит: Individual

An apparatus and method for producing methane gas, synthetic hydrocarbon gas, and fertilizer is provided. The apparatus includes a mix tank for mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry and a generator having an exhaust. The apparatus further includes a stir tank reactor for converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid, and a separator for separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid. An anaerobic digester decomposes the received liquid received from the stir tank into methane and liquid components. A carbon dioxide scrubber scrubs the methane component of carbon dioxide. The method includes mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry, and converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid. It also includes separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid and decomposing the liquid into methane and liquid components, and scrubbing the methane component of carbon dioxide.

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Номер записи: 17
01-08-2013 дата публикации

System and method for heating a gasifier

Номер: US20130192139A1
Автор: John Saunders Stevenson, Shashishekara Sitharamarao Talya
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a gasification fuel during a gasification mode. The system also includes a first injector configured to inject a heat control fuel and an oxygen enriched air into the gasifier for combustion during a heat control mode. The heat control fuel is the same or different from the gasification fuel, and the oxygen enriched air includes air enriched with additional oxygen.

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Номер записи: 18
08-08-2013 дата публикации

SOLAR GASIFIER

Номер: US20130199093A1
Автор: Davidson Jane H., Hathaway Brandon J., Kittelson David B., Lipinski Wojciech
Принадлежит: Regents of the University of Minnesota

In various embodiments, the present invention provides a reaction chamber, including a catalyst, and a heating chamber configured to receive light. The heating chamber is positioned underneath at least a portion of the reaction chamber. 1. A solar gasifier , comprising:a reaction chamber configured to hold a catalyst and a reactant;a reactant inlet port fluidly connected to the reaction chamber;a product outlet port fluidly connected to the reaction chamber; anda heating chamber configured to receive light, wherein at least a portion of the heating chamber is positioned underneath at least a portion of the reaction chamber.2. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a molten alkali carbonate salt.4. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises lithium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a melting point of about 650 K to about 800 K.5. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the heating chamber is configured to pass heat upwardly into at least a portion of the reaction chamber.6. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising a steam or catalyst inlet port fluidly connected to the reaction chamber.7. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising an aperture configured to permit passage of the received light into the heating chamber.8. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising a surface or window configured to permit passage of the received light into the heating chamber.9. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the reactant material comprises biomass.10. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the product comprises syngas.11. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber encompasses at least a portion of the heating chamber claim 1 , the reaction chamber and heating chamber configured with a common longitudinal axis disposed horizontally when the gasifier is in use.12. A ...

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Номер записи: 19
12-09-2013 дата публикации

RADIANT HEAT FLUX ENHANCED ORGANIC MATERIAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20130232875A1
Автор: HLADUN Kenneth, Kado Yuji, Ramamurthi Jayaraman, Vetter Mark Edward
Принадлежит: ENERSOL POWER LLC.

A system for producing superior quality synthesis gas (“syngas”) consisting of a series of chambers in which the gasification stages of reaction, homogenization and activation occur. The first stage reaction stage agitates and combines the reactants, consisting primarily of organic matter, oxidizer and steam, to initiate gasification of the organic and volatile fraction and to transport the inorganic residue to continuous removal. In the homogenization chamber, turbulence is induced by injecting gaseous species. The gas mixture emerging from the homogenization chamber is accelerated via a third stage communicating duct and is introduced tangentially into the fourth stage activation chamber inducing a cyclonic motion wherein a high intensity radiant heat source is introduced along the central axis of the gas vortex. The syngas and remaining particulate materials are constrained to exit the activation stage through discrete portals which are oriented to further separate the syngas from the remaining entrained particulates. 1. A multistage gasification system , comprising:a first stage gasification reactor for generating a first stage synthesis gas;a second stage mixing chamber configured to enhance homogeneity of the first stage synthesis gas;a third stage accelerator passage for receiving and accelerating the homogenized synthesis gas;a fourth stage activation chamber configured to tangentially receive the accelerated synthesis gas so as to induce cyclonic flow of the accelerated synthesis gas in the activation chamber; anda radiant energy source positioned in the activation chamber for introducing radiant energy into the cyclonic flow of the accelerated synthesis gas so as to activate particulates in the accelerated synthesis gas.2. A multistage gasification system according to claim 1 , wherein the first stage gasification reactor includes a vibratory hearth for combining organic matter and reactants.3. A multistage gasification system according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 20
26-09-2013 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK GASIFIER

Номер: US20130247465A1
Автор: Hashimoto Takao, Ishii Hiromi, Kaneko Shozo, Koyama Yoshinori, Ota Katsuhiro
Принадлежит:

A hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier (gasifier) is provided with: a heat transmission surface disposed within a gasification region of a gasifier configured from a pressure vessel for generating produced gas by partially oxidizing coal which is a hydrocarbon feedstock; a heat exchanger disposed on the path of a circulation line for a circulation medium circulating within the heat transmission surface and for exchanging the heat of the circulation medium; and a circulation pump for circulating the circulation medium. 1. A hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier , comprising:a gasifier for generating gasification gas by partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock;a heat transmission surface provided within a gasification region of the gasifier;a circulation line for circulating a circulation medium within the heat transmission surface;a heat exchanger disposed on a path of the circulation line, for exchanging the heat of the circulation medium; anda circulation pump for circulating the circulation medium.2. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transmission surface is a panel type heat transmission surface claim 1 , and a plurality of heat transmission surfaces is provided along an inner surface of a peripheral wall of the gasifier.3. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transmission surface is a panel type heat transmission surface claim 1 , and a plurality of heat transmission surfaces is provided within a space of the gasifier with predetermined intervals.4. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transmission surface is a panel type heat transmission surface claim 1 , and a plurality of heat transmission surfaces is radially provided within a space of the gasifier with predetermined intervals.5. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein steam is further injected in addition to a normal operating condition of gasification.6. The hydrocarbon ...

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Номер записи: 21
10-10-2013 дата публикации

Arrangement For And Method Of Gasifying Solid Fuel

Номер: US20130263509A1
Автор: Berg Eero
Принадлежит:

An arrangement for gasifying solid fuel includes a gasification reactor for producing further oxidizable product gas from solid fuel and a gas treatment reactor arranged in a flow direction of the product gas in gas flow connection with the gasification reactor. The gas treatment reactor includes a supply for supplying oxygenous gas to the gas treatment reactor for partial oxidization of product gas and for thermal cracking thereof A radiation heat exchange cooler for cooling the product gas is arranged in connection with the gas treatment reactor to solidify melt components in the product gas. A discharge connection is arranged in the lower portion of the radiation heat exchange cooler for removing solidified melt components from the radiation heat exchange cooler. A method of gasifying solid fuel in a gasification reactor is also presented. 112-. (canceled)13. An arrangement for gasifying solid fuel , the arrangement comprising:a gasification reactor for producing oxidizable product gas from solid fuel;a gas treatment reactor, arranged in a flow direction of the product gas, in gas flow connection with the gasification reactor, the gas treatment reactor comprising a supply for supplying oxygenous gas to the gas treatment reactor for partial oxidization and thermal cracking of the product gas;a radiation heat exchange cooler for cooling the product gas, arranged in connection with the gas treatment reactor, to solidify melted components in the product gas; anda discharge connection arranged in a lower portion of the radiation heat exchange cooler for removing solidified, melted components from the radiation heat exchange cooler.14. An arrangement in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the radiation heat exchange cooler includes walls having heat exchange surfaces and defining a gas space in the radiation heat exchange cooler claim 13 , the gas space being a substantially free space.15. An arrangement in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the gas treatment reactor is ...

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Номер записи: 22
21-11-2013 дата публикации

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

Номер: US20130306913A1
Автор: Chun-zhu LI, Hongwei WU, Mohammad Asadullah, Xiaoshan WANG
Принадлежит: Curtin University of Technology

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

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Номер записи: 23
05-12-2013 дата публикации

GASIFICATION REACTOR AND PROCESS

Номер: US20130320266A1
Автор: PAPENDICK Joachim, Thul Hans Christian, VON KOSSAK-GLOWCZEWSKI Thomas Paul
Принадлежит:

A gasification process and reactor for the production of syngas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed. The gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier unit with a reactor chamber having its lower end opening into an open-ended skirt portion arranged above a slag collection bath. The skirt portion is arranged within the impacting scope of one or more rappers. 1. A gasification reactor for the production of syngas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed , wherein the gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier unit with a reactor chamber having its lower end opening into an open-ended skirt portion arranged above a slag collection bath , wherein the skirt portion comprises an upper section connected to the lower end of the reactor chamber , the narrowing top end of upper section being narrower at the connection point with the lower end of the reactor chamber than the bottom portion of upper section and wherein one or more rapper anvil plates are provided on the outer surface of the upper section in the impacting scope of one of the one or more rappers.2. A gasification reactor according to wherein the skirt portion comprises a tubular lower section arranged within the impacting scope of the one or more rappers.3. A gasification reactor according to claim 1 , wherein at least the upper section of the skirt portion is built of parallel coolant conduits interconnected to form a gastight membrane.4. A gasification reactor according to wherein the skirt portion is at least partly made of one or more plates and wherein the skirt portion comprises an outer surface provided with one or more coolant channels.5. A gasification reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more rappers extend through the wall of the pressure vessel.6. A gasification reactor according to wherein at least a part of the rappers comprise a housing extending from the surface of the pressure vessel claim 1 , a striker rod having one end slideably ...

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Номер записи: 24
12-12-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20130326954A1
Автор: Van Paasen Sander
Принадлежит:

A process for controlling the carbon conversion of a gasifier fuelled with a carbonaceous feedstock by mixing in biomass, the process comprising the steps of (a) pressurizing the biomass and carbonaceous feedstock; (b) introducing the biomass and carbonaceous feedstock into the gasification reactor vessel; (c) partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock/biomass with a molecular oxygen-comprising gas to obtain a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (d) measuring the C02 content of the syngas and comparing with a pre-determined value range; (e) adjusting the biomass/carbonaceous feedstock ratio by changing the biomass feed rate; wherein said biomass and carbonaceous feedstock comprises from 10 wt % to 50 wt % of biomass and wherein the level of biomass is adjusted within this range to control the carbon conversion. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock and biomass are separately introduced into the gasification reactor.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock and biomass are introduced in the gasification reactor as a mixture.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock to the gasifier comprises from 10 wt % to 30 wt % of biomass fuel.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is a solid biomass as obtained by torrefaction.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is a solid biomass as obtained by slow pyrolysis of a biomass source.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is a solid biomass as obtained by flash pyrolysis of a biomass source.8. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the biomass is a liquid biomass as obtained by flash pyrolysis of a biomass source.9. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the biomass is a slurry biomass consisting of a mixture of pyrolysis oil and char as obtained by flash pyrolysis of a biomass source.10. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is coal.11. A process ...

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Номер записи: 25
12-12-2013 дата публикации

Fluidized bed furnace

Номер: US20130327257A1
Автор: Hiroyuki Hosoda, Sadanori KUDOU, Takuya Kawai
Принадлежит: Kobelco Eco Solutions Co Ltd

Provided is a fluidized bed furnace for heating waste to extract a combustible gas from the waste, including: a plurality of wind boxes arranged on a lower side of a bottom wall of a furnace body to blow a fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed; a plurality of temperature detection sections disposed at respective positions allowing detection of temperatures of an upper position and a lower position vertically spaced in a first region, and allowing detection of temperatures of upper and lower positions vertically spaced in a second region; and a control section operable, based on the temperatures detected by the temperature detection sections, to adjust an air ratio of the fluidizing gas to be fed to each of the wind boxes, so that the temperature of the fluidized bed is raised in a direction from the first region toward the second region.

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Номер записи: 26
02-01-2014 дата публикации

GASIFICATION REACTOR

Номер: US20140000379A1
Автор: KAR Ibrahim, SCHMITZ-GOEB Manfred Heinrich
Принадлежит:

A gasification reactor comprising a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier. Strain gauges are provided in the space between the gasifier and the pressure vessel on one or more parts loaded by weight of slag within the gasifier, e.g., at the exterior surface of the gasifier wall and/or coolant supply lines. Formation of slag deposits and/or pressure within the gasifier is monitored by measuring strain development in parts exposed to stress induced by weight of the slag deposits or induced by internal pressure, respectively. 1. A gasification reactor comprising a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier wherein the gasifier comprises a tubular wall and wherein one or more strain gauges are provided in the space between the gasifier and the pressure vessel and wherein the tubular wall is built of parallel tubular lines interconnected to form a gastight wall structure and wherein at least one of the tubular lines is provided with a shoulder having two feet attached to the circumference of one of the tubular lines at a radial distance from each other , wherein the shoulder comprises a shell bridging the two feet and wherein one of the strain gauges is attached to the shell.2. A gasification reactor according to wherein the one or more strain gauges are provided at an exterior surface of the gasifier and/or at one or more coolant supply lines which extend from the pressure vessel to the gasifier.3. A gasification reactor according to wherein one or more of the strain gauges are connected by a data communication line to a monitoring device at the exterior of the pressure vessel.4. A gasification reactor according to wherein the data communication line is guided along a coolant conduit.5. A gasification reactor according to wherein the gasifier comprises a slag discharge arranged above a slag collection bath.6. A gasification reactor according to wherein the strain gauge is attached to the side of the shell facing the outer surface of the tubular line.7. A gasification reactor ...

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Номер записи: 27
02-01-2014 дата публикации

GASIFICATION REACTOR

Номер: US20140004008A1
Автор: KARZEL Paul Christian, SCHMITZ-GOEB Manfred Heinrich
Принадлежит:

A gasification reactor including a gasifier having a tubular gastight wall with a discharge channel or dip at its lower end leading into a lower slag collection bath. The gastight wall and the slag collection bath are arranged within a pressure vessel. An annular space between the pressure vessel and the gasifier with the discharge channel is separated in a high pressure top section and a low pressure lower section by a sealing arrangement having a damper. The damper can for instance be a hydraulic, or a lower at a distance below an upper seal. 1. A gasification reactor comprising a gasifier having a tubular gastight wall with a discharge channel at its lower end leading into a lower slag collection bath , wherein the gastight wall and the slag collection bath are arranged within a pressure vessel , and wherein an annular space between the pressure vessel and the gasifier with the discharge channel is separated in a high pressure top section and a low pressure lower section by a sealing arrangement comprising a damper , wherein the sealing arrangement comprises an upper seal and the damper is formed by a lower seal at an axial distance below the upper seal.2. A gasification reactor according to wherein the intermediate space between the two seals is provided with one or more pressure control units.3. A gasification reactor according to wherein the pressure control units include one or more overpressure valves.4. A gasification reactor according to wherein at least one of the seals is a metal annular plate welded in a gastight manner along its inner circumference to the gasifier wall with the discharge and with its outer circumference to the pressure vessel wall.5. A gasification reactor according to wherein the discharge channel is suspended from supports at the inner surface of the pressure vessel wall within the space between the two seals.6. A gasification reactor according to wherein the sealing arrangement comprises at least two annular members extending from ...

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Номер записи: 28
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Injector having interchangeable injector orifices

Номер: US20140008466A1
Автор: Stephen Arthur Yows
Принадлежит: Individual

An impingement injector includes an injector core having a plurality of conduits. The conduits include a first conduit and second conduits disposed circumferentially around the first conduit. The second conduits are at an impinging angle with respect to the first conduit. Replaceable, tunable jets are disposed in corresponding ones of the second conduits.

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Номер записи: 29
09-01-2014 дата публикации

GASIFICATION REACTOR

Номер: US20140010713A1
Автор: KAR Ibrahim, SCHMITZ-GOEB Manfred Heinrich
Принадлежит:

A gasification reactor including a gasifier with a tubular gastight wall arranged within a pressure vessel. The tubular gastight wall is provided with one or more pressure relief passages sealed by a rupture element. The pressure relief passages can be provided with a cooled section, such as a double walled section confining a coolant channel. 1. A gasification reactor comprising a gasifier with a tubular gastight wall arranged within a pressure vessel , wherein the tubular gastight wall is provided with one or more pressure relief passages sealed by a rupture element , wherein the one or more pressure relief passages comprise a sleeve with a cooled section extending outwardly from an opening in the gasifier wall and wherein the cooled section of the sleeve is provided with a double wall enclosing an annular coolant channel.2. A gasification reactor according to wherein the rupture element is a rupture disc.3. A gasification reactor according to wherein the cooled section of the sleeve is operatively connected to a pressure measurement device at the exterior of the pressure vessel via a measurement line.4. A gasification reactor according to wherein the gastight wall is at least partly built from interconnected parallel tubular lines claim 1 , and wherein the tubular lines are by-passed around the at least one of the one or more openings at the exterior side of the gasifier.5. A gasification reactor according to wherein a refractory lining surrounds the cooled section of the sleeve around the opening.6. A gasification reactor according to wherein one or more sections of the tubular lines by-passing one of the openings are embedded in the refractory lining around the sleeve section.7. A gasification reactor according to wherein the sleeve comprises a purging gas inlet.8. A gasification reactor according wherein one or more of the pressure relief passages branches into a first branch sealed by a first rupture element shaped and dimensioned to break at an overpressure ...

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Номер записи: 30
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

Номер: US20140014878A1
Автор: Joe D. Allison, Kristi A. Fjare, Roland Schmidt, Uchenna Prince Paul
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

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Номер записи: 31
30-01-2014 дата публикации

PRODUCT OF CHROMIUM OXIDE, ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND HAFNIUM OXIDE

Номер: US20140030163A1
Автор: Champion Thibault, His Christian, Raffin Nicolas, San Miguel Laurie, Villermaux Franceline
Принадлежит: SAINT-GOBAIN CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ET D'ETUDES EUROPEEN

Sintered refractory product including, in percentages by weight on the basis of the oxides, —more than 10% of chromium oxide CrO, —more than 2% of hafnium oxide HfO, —more than 1% of zirconium oxide ZrO, the total content of chromium, hafnium and zirconium oxides CrO+HfO+ZrObeing greater than 70%. 1. A sintered refractory product comprising , as mass percentages on the basis of the oxides ,{'sub': 2', '3, 'more than 10% chromium oxide CrO,'}{'sub': '2', 'more than 2% hafnium oxide HfO,'}{'sub': '2', 'more than 1% zirconium oxide ZrO,'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2, 'the total content of chromium, hafnium and zirconium oxides CrO+HfO+ZrObeing greater than 70%.'}2. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of hafnium oxide HfOis greater than 3% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.3. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of hafnium oxide HfOis less than 10% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.4. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of chromium oxide CrOis greater than 30% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.5. The refractory product as claimed in claim 4 , in which the content of chromium oxide CrOis greater than 50% as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.6. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of zirconium oxide ZrOis greater than 10% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.7. The refractory product as claimed in claim 6 , in which the content of zirconium oxide ZrOis greater than 30% claim 6 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.8. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which at least 20% by mass of said zirconium oxide ZrOis stabilized in cubic and/or quadratic form.9. The refractory product as claimed in claim 8 , in which at least 60% by mass of the zirconium oxide is stabilized in cubic and/or quadratic form.10. The refractory product as ...

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Номер записи: 32
20-02-2014 дата публикации

Flux addition as a filter conditioner

Номер: US20140050632A1
Автор: Emile J. Troxclair
Принадлежит: Lummus Technology Inc

Improvements in a gasification system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with improved energy efficiency. Improved methods and systems for more efficient removal of particulates from a raw synthesis gas while simultaneously providing a novel mechanism for fluxing agent addition to the gasification reactor. A conditioning agent, in the form of coarse fluxing agent particles, is added to the raw synthesis gas upstream from the particle filtration unit. The conditioning agent allows more rapid turnaround of the filtration unit following filter element replacement, extend filter life, facilitates the removal of filter cake from the particle filters, and combines with removed filter cake for recycling to the gasifier. Addition of fluxing agent via this route eliminates the need to premix fluxing agent with the carbonaceous feedstock, thereby maximizing the rate of feedstock addition to the gasification reactor.

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Номер записи: 33
06-03-2014 дата публикации

METHOD OF OPERATING A GASIFIER

Номер: US20140059930A1
Автор: Eiteneer Boris Nikolaevich, Jupudi Ravichandra Srinivasa, Lissianski Vitali Victor, Subramanian Ramanathan, WEI Wei, Zamansky Vladimir
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

A coal gasifier is retrofitted to achieve multiple advantages such as reduced oxygen consumption, reduced CO2 and NOx emissions, better H:C ratio, better carbon conversion etc. This is achieved by dividing the coal into at least two zones and modifying the gasifier and operating it as described. The coal is injected into a first zone, configured to devolatilize a substantial portion of the injected coal to produce coal char and volatiles. The operation is tuned to substantially consume the oxidant injected in the first zone. A low-calorific-value, high oxidant feedstock is injected in second zone of the gasifier. The devolatilization of the low-calorific-value, high oxidant content feedstock provides the oxygen containing compounds which gasify at least a portion of the coal char generated in the first zone. 1. A method of reducing oxygen requirement of a coal gasifier , comprising:dividing said coal gasifier into two zones—a second zone located downstream of a first zone;providing at least one injector for injecting coal in a first zone, the at least one injector for injecting coal coupled to a source of coal;providing at least one injector for injecting an oxidant in the first zone, the at least one injector for injecting the oxidant coupled to a source of the oxidant, said second zone located downstream of said first zone and relative to said first zone such that the oxidant injected during operation is substantially consumed within said first zone;providing at least one injector for injecting steam in the first zone, the at least one injector for injecting steam coupled to a source of steam, and configured separate and apart from the at least one injector for injecting coal, and wherein the at least one injector for injecting coal is not coupled to the source of steam;devolatilizing a substantial portion of coal in said first zone to produce volatiles and coal char;providing at least one injector for injecting a low-calorific-value, high oxygen-content (LCV HOC) ...

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Номер записи: 34
13-03-2014 дата публикации

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Номер: US20140073023A1
Автор: Eric L. Szaloczi, Glenn A. Ulrich, James B. Dodson, Jeffrey L. Weber, Robert S. Pfeiffer, Roland P. DeBruyn
Принадлежит: TRANSWORLD TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

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Номер записи: 35
20-03-2014 дата публикации

Syngas Produced By Plasma Gasification

Номер: US20140077133A1
Автор: Gorodetsky Aleksandr, Higdon, III Charles Roland, Kretz Christine Peck, Krishnamurthy Gowri, Santoianni James
Принадлежит: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

A syngas stream composition comprising on a dry basis up to about 50,000 mg/Nmparticulates; 5-39 vol % H; 5-39 vol % CO; 15-50 vol % CO; 8-30 vol % N, 0-2 vol % Argon; and 15-50 vol % moisture on a wet basis. The stream includes a H/CO ratio that is about 0.3-2 and at least 15 wt % of particulates have an aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 1 micron. A gasified waste stream and a method for forming a gasified waste stream are also disclosed. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising gasifying waste selected from the group consisting of gasified MSW claim 1 , gasified commercial waste claim 1 , gasified construction and demolition waste claim 1 , gasified industrial waste claim 1 , gasified hazardous waste and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in the MSW comprises 10-35 wt % paper and card claim 2 , 5-15 wt % plastic claim 2 , 2-7 wt % textiles claim 2 , 2-12 wt % glass and metals claim 2 , 15-30 wt % kitchen waste claim 2 , 15-25 wt % biomass and 0-20 wt % other waste material.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the commercial waste comprises 20-70 wt % paper and card claim 2 , 5-30 wt % plastic claim 2 , 0-5 wt % textiles claim 2 , 2-15 wt % glass and metals claim 2 , 5-15 wt % organic waste and 15-25 wt % other biomass.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 10-35 vol % H2.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the composition comprises 15-39 vol % CO.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the composition more comprises 15-40 vol % CO2.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composition comprises 8-15 vol % N2.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the stream comprises 5 claim 8 ,000 to 29 claim 8 ,500 g/Nm3 or 30 claim 8 ,500 to 50 claim 8 ,000 g/Nm3 particulates.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising 1000-5000 ppm HCl and 1000-5000 ppm NH3.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 30 wt % of the particulates have an aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 1 micron.12. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 36
03-04-2014 дата публикации

AGGLOMERATED PARTICULATE LOW-RANK COAL FEEDSTOCK AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20140091258A1
Автор: Keckler Kenneth P., Raman Pattabhi K., Robinson Earl T., Sirdeshpande Avinash
Принадлежит: GREATPOINT ENERGY, INC.

The present invention relates generally to processes for preparing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks of a particle size suitable for reaction in a fluidized-bed reactor and certain other gasification reactors and, in particular, for coal gasification and combustion applications. The present invention also relates to integrated coal gasification and combustion processes including preparing and utilizing such agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks. 1. A process for preparing a free-flowing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstock of a specified particle size distribution , the process comprising the steps of: (i) a target dp(50) that is a value in the range of from about 100 microns to about 6000 microns,', '(ii) a target upper end particle size that is a value greater than the target dp(50), and', '(iii) a target lower end particle size that is a value less than the target dp(50);, '(a) selecting a specification for the particle size distribution of the free-flowing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstock, the specification comprising'}(b) providing a raw particulate low-rank coal feedstock having an initial particle density;(c) grinding the raw particulate low-rank coal feedstock to a ground dp(50) of from about 2% to about 50% of the target dp(50), to generate a ground low-rank coal feedstock;(d) pelletizing the ground low-rank coal feedstock with water and a binder to generate free-flowing agglomerated low-rank coal particles having a pelletized dp(50) of from about 90% to about 110% of the target dp(50), and a particle density of at least about 5% greater than the initial particle density, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble binder, a water-dispersible binder and a mixture thereof; and (i) particles larger than the upper end particle size,', '(ii) particles smaller than the lower end particle size, or', '(iii) both (i) and (ii),, '(e) removing all or a portion of'}from the free- ...

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Номер записи: 37
03-04-2014 дата публикации

CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED-TYPE GASIFICATION FURNACE AND FLUID MEDIUM FLOW RATE CONTROL METHOD

Номер: US20140091260A1
Автор: Narukawa Masahiro, Suda Toshiyuki, Takafuji Makoto
Принадлежит:

A gasification furnace () of a circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace () forms a fluid medium into a fluid bed, and produces gasified gas by gasifying an input gasification raw material using heat from the fluid medium. A combustion furnace () heats the fluid medium output from the gasification furnace. 1. A circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace comprising:a gasification furnace that forms a fluid medium into a fluid bed, and produces gasified gas by gasifying an input gasification raw material using heat from the fluid medium;a combustion furnace that heats the fluid medium output from the gasification furnace;a buffer section that stores the fluid medium and outputs it to the combustion furnace; anda flow rate adjuster that distributes the fluid medium heated in the combustion furnace to the gasification furnace and the buffer section.2. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 1 , wherein an extraction hole that is used to extract fluid medium that is stored therein to the outside is provided in the buffer section.3. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 1 , wherein an introduction hole that is used to introduce fluid medium from the outside is provided in the buffer section.4. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 2 , wherein an introduction hole that is used to introduce fluid medium from the outside is provided in the buffer section.5. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 1 , wherein a sealed portion that prevents a reverse flow of gas from the buffer section to the flow rate adjuster is provided in at least a connecting portion between the buffer section and the flow rate adjuster.6. A flow rate control method for controlling the flow rate of a fluid medium in a circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace that is provided with: a gasification furnace that forms a fluid medium into ...

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Номер записи: 38
06-01-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING WASTE PLASTIC INTO POWER

Номер: US20220002626A1
Автор: Fox James Alistair
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process and system for converting carbon material into power. Carbon material is gasified into synthesis gas in a gasifier and steam is supplied to the gasifier The synthesis gas is supplied to a gas turbine to produce power. Air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is cooled in a first cooling device with water to produce steam The steam is used in at least one steam turbine to produce power and the steam from at least one steam turbine is recycled to the gasifier 1. A process for converting carbon material into power , comprising the steps of:a. gasifying the carbon material into synthesis gas in a gasifier, wherein steam is supplied to the gasifier;b. supplying the synthesis gas to a gas turbine to produce power, wherein air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine;c. cooling exhaust gas from the gas turbine in a first cooling device with water to produce steam; andd. using steam produced in step c in at least one steam turbine to produce power;wherein the steam from step d is recycled to the gasifier.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gasification in step a is carried out without air or oxygen.3. The process as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is waste plastic.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the waste plastic is polyethylene or polyethylene terephalate.5. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 3 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 800K and 1200K.6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 900K and 1100K.7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is 1000K.8. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the pressure of the gasifier is between 0.5 to 1.5 bar.9. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the temperature of combustion in the gas turbine is below 1800K.10. The process as claimed ...

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Номер записи: 39
05-01-2017 дата публикации

METHODS FOR PRODUCTION OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID FROM ETHYLENE OXIDE

Номер: US20170001940A1
Автор: Sookraj Sadesh H.
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides methods for the production of terephthalic acid and derivatives thereof using ethylene oxide, carbon monoxide and furan as feedstocks. The process is characterized by high yields and high carbon efficiency. The process can utilize 100% biobased feedstocks (EO via ethanol, CO via biomass gasification, and furan via known processes from cellulosic feedstocks). 1. A process for the production of terephthalic acid or terephthalate utilizing furan , ethylene oxide , and carbon monoxide as the feedstocks , the process comprising the steps of:reacting the ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide to form a four carbon compound;deriving a chemical product from the four carbon compound wherein the chemical product comprises at least one of terephthalic acid, a mono or diester of terephthalic aid, and a mono or bis metal salt of terephthalic acid; andrecovering the chemical product.2. The process of wherein the carbon efficiency of the process is greater than 80%.3. The process of claim 2 , comprising the step of:converting the four carbon compound to an intermediate compound selected from the group consisting of: maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, a mono- or di-ester of fumaric acid, a mono- or di-ester of maleic acid, a mono- or bis salt of maleic acid, a mono- or bis salt of fumaric acid, and a mixture of any two or more of these and converting the intermediate compound to the chemical product.4. The process of claim 3 , comprising the step of converting the intermediate compound to provide an eight carbon compound containing a cyclohexene ring and converting the eight carbon product containing a cyclohexene ring to the chemical product.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising the step of dehydrating the eight carbon product to provide a product precursor containing a disubstituted benzene ring and converting the product precursor to the chemical product.6. The process of claim 1 , characterized in that two adjacent ring carbon atoms ...

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Номер записи: 40
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Improvements in Waste Processing

Номер: US20160002545A1
Автор: Chalabi Rifat Al, Perry Ophneil Henry
Принадлежит: CHINOOK END-STAGE RECYCLING LIMITED

This invention provides an apparatus for pyrolysing or gasifying material containing an organic content. The apparatus comprising an oven () mounted for rotation on at least one support (). The oven () has an inlet () for receiving hot gas having a low or zero oxygen content to heat the material therein so as to process it to produce syngas, and an outlet () for said syngas. An electromagnet () is disposed in or adjacent the oven () so as to create a magnetic field therein and a plurality of ferrous elements () are freely disposed within the oven (). A controller () is provided for controlling the electromagnet () and the rotation of the oven (). When activated the electromagnet retains said ferrous elements as the oven rotates. 1. An apparatus for pyrolysing or gasifying material containing an organic content; the apparatus comprising:an oven mounted for rotation on at least one support, said oven having an inlet for receiving hot gas having a low or zero oxygen content to heat the material therein so as to process it to produce syngas, and an outlet for said syngas;an electromagnet disposed in or adjacent said oven so as to create a magnetic field therein;a plurality of ferrous elements freely disposed within the oven; andcontrol means for controlling the electromagnet and the rotation of the oven such that when activated said electromagnet retains said ferrous elements as the oven rotates.2. The apparatus according to wherein the oven further comprises a first portion and a second portion claim 1 , wherein said first portion is disposed above said second portion in a first rotational position and wherein said second portion is disposed above said first portion in a second rotational position; wherein said control means is configured to control the oven to rotate it between the first position and the second position.3. The apparatus according to wherein the electromagnet is located in the first portion and the control means is configured to deactivate the ...

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Номер записи: 41
07-01-2016 дата публикации

ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCK

Номер: US20160002546A1
Автор: BAI Dingrong
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. 1. An engineered fuel feed stock , comprising at least one component derived from a processed MSW waste stream , the engineered fuel feed stock comprising:a HHV of between about 3,000 BTU/lb and about 8,000 BTU/lb;a carbon content of between about 30 wt. % and about 80 wt. %; anda hydrogen content of between about 3 wt. % and about 10 wt. %,wherein the engineered fuel feed stock contains substantially no glass, metals, grit, and noncombustible waste.276.-. (canceled)77. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a HHV of between about 5 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb and about 8 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb.78. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a moisture content of less than about 30 wt. %.79. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 78 , wherein the moisture content is between about 10 wt. % and about 30 wt. %.80. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a volatile matter content of between about 40 wt. % and about 80 wt. %.81. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a sulfur content of less than about 2 wt. %.82. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a chlorine content of less than about 1 wt. %.83. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the processed MSW waste stream contains biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.84. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a hydrogen content of between ...

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Номер записи: 42
07-01-2016 дата публикации

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

Номер: US20160002547A1
Автор: BORUM Bryan C., CARRYER Benjamin H., ELROD Eric R., JIANG Weibin, MCCOMISH Bruce E., ROBERTSON Mark K., WEEKS Sim, WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided. 1. A system for the production of synthesis gas , the system comprising:a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, wherein the gasification apparatus comprises at least one vessel configured for fluidization of the contents thereof via introduction thereto of a fluidization gas comprising at least one non-steam component;at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus and configured to prepare a carbonaceous material for introduction into the gasification apparatus; synthesis gas conditioning apparatus configured to produce a conditioned synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide that is different from the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the gasification product gas, to provide a conditioned synthesis gas having a reduced amount of at least one component relative to the ...

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Номер записи: 43
07-01-2016 дата публикации

CORROSION CONTROL FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION COMPONENTS

Номер: US20160002794A1
Автор: ANDERSON KRAIG, Sjong Angele
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Systems and articles of manufacture for minimizing corrosion in supercritical water gasification components are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and operation. The systems may include a nonconducting conduit that is configured to receive a fluid at a first end and transmit the fluid toward a second end thereof. The fluid may include a plurality of ions. The nonconducting conduit may include an inside surface and an outside surface. The systems may further include a plurality of electrodes distributed about at least a portion of the outside surface of the nonconducting conduit and a power source electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes. The power source may be configured to apply an alternating current across the plurality of electrodes, and the alternating current may be effective to exert an electrophoretic force on the plurality of ions in the fluid. 1. A system for minimizing corrosion in supercritical water gasification components , the system comprising:a nonconducting conduit that is configured to receive a fluid comprising a plurality of ions at a first end and transmit the fluid toward a second end thereof, the nonconducting conduit comprising an inside surface and an outside surface;a plurality of electrodes distributed about at least a portion of the outside surface of the nonconducting conduit; anda power source electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes, wherein the power source is configured to apply an alternating current across the plurality of electrodes, wherein the alternating current is effective to exert an electrophoretic force on the plurality of ions in the fluid.2. (canceled)3600. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonconducting conduit is further configured to receive the fluid and transmit the fluid at a temperature of at least about K.418. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonconducting conduit is further configured to receive the fluid and transmit the fluid at a pressure of at least about MPa ...

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Номер записи: 44
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Process of Making Biochar From Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20180002622A1
Автор: Catto Michael L, Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M
Принадлежит:

A process for making a biochar composition by passing renewable organic-carbon-containing feedstock through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content followed by introducing beneficiated feedstock into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A process of making processed biochar comprising:passing renewable unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that includes free water, intercellular water, intracellular water, intracellular water-soluble salts, and at least some plant cells comprising cell walls that include lignin, hemicellulose, and microfibrils within fibrils through a beneficiation sub-system to produce processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock having a water content of less than 20 wt % and a salt content that is reduced by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock; andpassing the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock an oxygen-deprived thermal sub-system process to produce processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beneficiation sub-system process comprises:exposing the unprocessed feedstock to hot solvent under pressure for a time at conditions specific to the feedstock to make some regions of the cell walls comprising crystallized cellulosic fibrils, lignin, and hemicellulose more able to be penetrable by water-soluble salts without dissolving more than 25 percent of the lignin and hemicellulose;removing the pressure so as to penetrate the more ...

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Номер записи: 45
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Solid fuel composition formed from mixed solid waste

Номер: US20180002624A1
Автор: Bjornulf WHITE
Принадлежит: Ecogensus LLC

Systems and methods of producing a solid fuel composition are disclosed. In particular, systems and methods for producing a solid fuel composition by heating and mixing a solid waste mixture to a maximum temperature sufficient to melt the mixed plastics within the solid waste mixture is disclosed.

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Номер записи: 46
02-01-2020 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE FROM A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Номер: US20200002630A1
Автор: Pye David
Принадлежит: Green Waste Energy, Inc.

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of generating electricity for an electrical grid using solid waste , the method comprising:conveying said waste from a water treatment plant comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;exposing the waste to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the waste to a temperature of 160° C. or more;following the exposing of the waste to an environment of saturated steam, pyrolysizing the waste as a result of heating of the waste in an retort comprising multiple heat radiant tubes providing increased retention time of the waste in the retort and heat distribution within the retort, the retort comprising an environment depleted of oxygen and maintained at about 700° C. or more;producing hot synthetic gas via the pyrolysizing of the waste;discharging the hot synthetic gas by product via ports from the retort into a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine is in mechanical connection with an electrical grid;driving the turbine with the hot synthetic gas to generate electricity; anddistributing the generated electricity across the electrical grid.2. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of:cellulosic flakes, wood and textiles.3. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolysizing the waste from the water treatment plant additionally comprises passing the waste from the water treatment plant through a retort comprising a heated multi-zoned pyrolysis muffle chamber.5. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 47
07-01-2021 дата публикации

POWDER FUEL SUPPLY APPARATUS, GASFIER UNIT, INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE, AND CONTROL METHOD OF POWDER FUEL SUPPLY APPARATUS

Номер: US20210002566A1
Автор: Kasai Jun, Nishimura Koji, Urakata Yuichiro
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.

Provided is a powder fuel supply apparatus comprising a distributor () that branches supplied powder fuel to a plurality of branch tubes (), a plurality of burners () connected to downstream ends () of the plurality of branch tubes (), respectively, to supply char into a gasification furnace that gasifies the powder fuel, a flow nozzle () provided in each of the plurality of branch tubes (), to apply pressure loss to char flow in the branch tube (), a differential pressure gauge () that measures a differential pressure generated by the flow nozzle (), and a control unit that determines decrease in flow velocity of the char flow based on the differential pressure obtained by the differential pressure gauge (). 1. A powder fuel supply apparatus comprising:a distributor that branches supplied powder fuel to a plurality of branch tubes,a plurality of burners connected to downstream ends of the plurality of branch tubes, respectively, to supply the powder fuel into a gasification furnace that gasifies the powder fuel,a flow nozzle provided in each of the plurality of branch tubes, to apply pressure loss to powder fuel flow in the branch tube, and to equally distribute a flow rate of the powder fuel flowing through each of the branch tubes,a pressure loss measuring unit for measuring a differential pressure generated by the flow nozzle, anda control unit that determines decrease in flow velocity of the powder fuel based on the differential pressure.2. The powder fuel supply apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:an inert gas additional supply unit for additionally supplying an inert gas to powder fuel flow of pulverized fuel flowing together with the inert gas toward the distributor, anda control unit that increases a flow rate of the inert gas to be additionally supplied from the inert gas additional supply unit in a case where decrease in flow velocity of the powder fuel flowing through the branch tube is determined based on the differential pressure.3. A ...

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Номер записи: 48
07-01-2021 дата публикации

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING PURE AND HIGHLY CONCENTRATED CARBON DIOXIDE FROM A RENEWABLE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20210002568A1
Автор: DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A low energy production method for producing pure and highly concentrated carbon dioxide from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising the steps of i) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting a solid lignocellulosic raw material in the presence of a mixture of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., ii) fractionating, the primary solid fraction and the primary liquid fraction obtained at the end of the extraction step i), iii) separating the lignins from the intermediate liquid fraction, iv) producing a synthetic gas by feeding a gasification equipment with at least part of said primary solid fraction and/or at least part of said residual liquid fraction, and v) producing carbon dioxide and water by introducing dioxygen, or dioxygen enriched air, or air in said gasification equipment. 1. A low energy production method for producing carbon dioxide from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising the following steps:i) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;ii) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of the preceding extracting step i);iii) separating the lignins from an intermediate liquid fraction, and obtaining a residual liquid fraction;iv) producing a synthetic gas by feeding a gasification equipment with at least one of at least part of said primary solid fraction or at least part of said residual liquid fraction;v) producing carbon ...

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Номер записи: 49
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Arrangement and method for preparing a gas

Номер: US20190002777A1
Автор: Karvonen Teuvo
Принадлежит: ForestGas Oy

The invention relates to an arrangement for preparing a gas in a closable reactor by supplying the reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material, such as chips, in substantially oxygen-free conditions, by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature, and by recovering the gas generated in a gasification reaction. In that the arrangement the reactor has its interior defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve, especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome, biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's interior, the reactor's interior is supplied with free water/water vapor in its supercritical state, which is optionally prepared catalytically by splitting water/water vapor, the biomass or wood material is conveyed into a gasification space of the reactor's interior, which is in connection with the heated gasification dome and which is adapted to have existing conditions selected in a manner such that the water present in said gasification space is present in its supercritical state, and the gas generated in the gasification reaction is recovered. 13. An arrangement for preparing a gas (G) in a closable reactor () by supplying said reactor with carbon-based biomass or chopped wood material , such as chips , in substantially oxygen-free conditions , by allowing the biomass or wood material to gasify at a high temperature , and by recovering the gas (G) generated in a gasification reaction (R) , wherein{'b': 3', '30', '24', '36, 'the reactor () has its interior () defined by a feed pipe whose inlet end is closable with a shut-off valve (), especially with a ball valve, and whose outlet end adjoins a heatable gasification dome (),'}{'b': '3', "biomass or chopped wood material is delivered from the feed pipe's inlet end into the reactor's () interior,"}{'b': '30', "the reactor's interior () is supplied with free ...

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Номер записи: 50
07-01-2021 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DIESEL FUELED CLC FOR EFFICIENT POWER GENERATION AND CO2 CAPTURE

Номер: US20210003041A1
Автор: Adnan Muflih Arisa, HOSSAIN Mohammad Mozahar, Pradiptya Iswan
Принадлежит: KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS

An integrated chemical looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system and method for diesel fuel combining four primary units including: gasification of diesel to ensure complete conversion of fuel, chemical looping combustion with supported nickel-based oxygen carrier on alumina, gas turbine-based power generation and steam turbine-based power generation is described. An external combustion and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) are employed to maximize the efficiency of a gas turbine generator and steam turbine generator. The integrated CLC system provides a clean and efficient diesel fueled power generation plant with high COrecovery. 1. A diesel fueled chemical-looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system , comprising:a feed source of diesel fuel;a gasification chamber fluidly connected to the feed source, the gasification chamber including a first heat exchanger, a gasification reactor and a gasification splitter;a chemical looping combustion chamber fluidly connected to the gasification chamber, the chemical looping combustion chamber including a first reduction reactor, a first splitter, a second reduction reactor and a second splitter;a gas combustion chamber fluidly connected at a first input to a first output of the first splitter and at a second input to the gasification splitter,a gas turbine power generator connected to the combustor;at least one steam turbine electrical power generator;a heat recovery unit fluidly connected to the at least one steam turbine electrical power generator and to the gasification chamber, the heat recovery unit including a second heat exchanger and a plurality of steam generators; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'a COgas purification stage connected to the heat recovery unit, the COgas purification stage including a plurality of condensers and a plurality of compressors.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchanger is connected at a first input to the diesel fuel source claim 1 , and at a ...

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Номер записи: 51
07-01-2021 дата публикации

A METHOD AND A POWER PLANT FOR ON-DEMAND PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM NON-FOSSIL POWER SOURCES AND FROM A RENEWABLE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20210003073A1
Автор: DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A method and a power plant for on-demand producing electricity from Non-Fossil Power Sources and from a Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass Feedstock, in a power plant using several electrical production facilities comprising a first facility for producing electricity from a Non-Fossil Power Source chosen from among wind power, hydro power, solar power, geothermal power and/or tidal power; and a second facility using synthetic gas produced during a gasification step of several fractions from renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock obtained by the implementation of an organosolv process using a mixture composed of at least water and formic acid. 14-. (canceled)5. A method for on-demand producing electricity from non-fossil power sources and from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock , in an electricity power plant using several electricity production facilities comprising:i) at least a first facility for producing electricity from a non-fossil power source, said power source being chosen from among wind power, hydro power, solar power, geothermal power or tidal power; and non-oxidized, non-degraded and uncombined lignins with a controlled aliphatic hydroxyl content and controlled phenolic hydroxyl content; and', 'synthetic gas,, 'ii) at least a second facility using synthetic gas produced during gasification step e) of a process for production of a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of the at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;', 'b) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of ...

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Номер записи: 52
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Sustainable Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion with Oxygen Uncoupling and Methods for Their Manufacture

Номер: US20190003704A1
Автор: Anita Skulimowska, Asunción ARANDA
Принадлежит: Institutt for Energiteknikk IFE

An oxygen carrier (OC) for use in Chemical Looping technology with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) for the combustion of carbonaceous fuels, in which commercial grade metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, and Co oxides and mixtures thereof constitute a primary oxygen carrier component. The oxygen carrier contains, at least, a secondary oxygen carrier component which is comprised by low-value industrial materials which already contain metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni oxides or mixtures thereof. The secondary oxygen carrier component has a minimum oxygen carrying capacity of 1 g of O2 per 100 g material in chemical looping reactions. Methods for the manufacture of the OC are also disclosed.

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Номер записи: 53
12-01-2017 дата публикации

MICRO-GASIFIER ARRAY NETWORKING

Номер: US20170009159A1
Автор: CHEIKY MICHAEL
Принадлежит: V-GRID ENERGY SYSTEMS

A method is described for integrating a plurality of micro-gasifiers comprising gasifiers, filters, and engine sets or turbine gensets or combined cycle gensets by linking them via a common bus wherein air flow and engine fuel flow is regulated by valves controlling gas flow between the bus and engine genset or turbine genset or combined cycle genset. 1. A multi-gasifier array , comprising:a common gasifier bus connecting two or more micro-gasifier systems, each micro-gasifier system comprising a gasifier, a filter and a genset; anda plurality of airflow valves for regulating the flow of gas within the micro-gasifier array;wherein the plurality of airflow valves are: adjusted to draw air or syngas or hydrogen or natural gas from the gasifier bus and create a partial vacuum on the gasifier bus which is initially filled with air, thus offsetting part of the air flow normally supplied by the engine air input valve;and adjusted to regulate an amount of input gas to the genset to create a pressure delta between the gasifier bus and atmospheric conditions.2. The multi-gasifier array of claim 1 , wherein:the genset comprises an engine genset, a turbine genset or a combined cycle genset; andthe plurality of valves includes a first valve comprising a gasifier output valve that regulates a rate in which air is drawn through the gasifier.3. The multi-gasifier array of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of valves includes a second valve comprising a bi-directional gasifier bus valve that regulates the flow of gas from the gasifier to the gasifier bus claim 2 , or regulates the flow of gas from the gasifier bus to the genset claim 2 , or closes to isolate the micro-gasifier system from the gasifier bus.4. The multi-gasifier array of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of valves includes a third valve comprising an engine fuel input valve that regulates an amount of input fuel gas to the genset and helps regulate a pressure delta between the gasifier bus and atmospheric conditions.5. ...

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Номер записи: 54
12-01-2017 дата публикации

SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

Номер: US20170009160A1
Автор: Fronk Matthew H., Reich Courtney E.
Принадлежит:

A system and method of producing syngas is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that receives at least a first and second feedstock stream, such as a solid waste stream. The first and second feedstock streams are mixed and gasified to produce a first gas stream. An operating parameter is measured and a ratio of the first and second feedstock streams is changed in response to the measurement. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to a syngas comprising:a feedstock module configured to receive at least a first feedstock stream and a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream being different than the first feedstock stream, the feedstock module being further configured to mix the first feedstock stream and the second feedstock stream at a first ratio to produce a first refuse derived feedstock;an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to receiving the refuse derived feedstock, the first gas stream including hydrogen;a process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen;a first sensor arranged to measure a first operating parameter; anda control system coupled for communication to the feedstock module and the sensor, the control system having a processor responsive to executable computer instructions for changing the ratio of the first mixture of the first feedstock stream to the second feedstock stream to a second ratio in response to receiving the first parameter.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first operating parameter is a temperature of the syngas entering the process module.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second feedstock stream has a higher energy content than the first feedstock stream.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the temperature is ...

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Номер записи: 55
12-01-2017 дата публикации

GASIFIER COOLING STRUCTURE, GASIFIER, AND GASIFIER ANNULUS PORTION ENLARGEMENT METHOD

Номер: US20170009161A1
Автор: Kitada Masashi, KIZU Tetsuya, Shinada Osamu
Принадлежит:

Provided is a gasifier cooling structure allowing the complexity of the furnace wall structure to be reduced to a minimum, allowing the configurability of headers and connecting pipes to be improved while maintaining as much as possible the ability to cool raw syngas. In the gasifier cooling structure, the raw syngas from a gasified carbonaceous solid fuel flows through the interior of a furnace wall formed inside a pressure vessel having a circular cross section, and the raw syngas is cooled by heat exchange with a fluid flowing inside a heat exchanger tube from a heat exchanger, whereof a plurality is provided within the furnace wall. The furnace wall has a polygonal structure wherein mutually orthogonal faces are linked by an oblique face in between, and whereof the cross sectional shape is such that the edge of the oblique face is shorter than the edges of the mutually orthogonal faces. 1. A gasifier cooling structure for cooling raw syngas which is generated by gasifying carbonaceous solid fuel and flows inside of a furnace wall formed in a pressure vessel having a circular cross-section , by heat exchange with a fluid flowing through tubes of a plurality of heat exchanger tube groups installed inside the furnace wall ,wherein the furnace wall has a polygonal structure in which faces orthogonal to each other are connected by an oblique face, and has a cross-sectional shape in which a side of the oblique face is shorter than the respective sides of the faces orthogonal to each other, andthe oblique face is provided such that a “one side reduction ratio” which is defined by a formula, “(La−Lb)/La×100”, when a length of a side before corner portions of a square cross-sectional shape are cut is set to be La and a length after the corner portions are cut is set to be Lb, is within a range of 11.1% to 33.3%, and the length La of the side is within a range of 2 m to 5 m.2. The gasifier cooling structure according to claim 1 , wherein a connecting pipe connecting a ...

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Номер записи: 56
14-01-2016 дата публикации

MOLTEN METAL GASIFIER

Номер: US20160009554A1
Автор: Gueh How Kiap
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for gasification of at least one feed fuel material containing carbon into syngas, under a total pressure which exceeds atmospheric pressure comprises a crucible means for containing molten metal, said crucible including injection means for injecting at least one feed fuel material, oxidant gas, or a combination thereof, beneath the surface of the molten metal, an exhaust pipe connected to said crucible means for discharge of syngas therefrom, cooling means for cooling said syngas connected to said exhaust pipe to form a sealed unit with said crucible means, and tapping means for discharge of slag from said crucible means. 18-. (canceled)9. A process for gasification of feed fuel material into syngas , comprising;(a) electric induction melting of a metal into a melt disposed within a crucible;(b) delivering feed fuel material into contact with at least a portion of the melt to convert at least a portion of feed fuel material into syngas and molten slag;(c) withdrawing molten slag from the crucible and placing molten slag into contact with a cooling fluid to form a granulated slag material; and(d) varying the electric induction melting frequency to a desired frequency band and controlling the temperature of the cooling fluid to a desired range temperature during (c) to cause a desired fluid behaviour of the melt and a desired viscosity of the molten slag.10. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein desired frequency band during (d) is between 50 Hz to 700 Hz.11. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein desired range temperature during (d) is between 15 to 40 degrees Celsius.12. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein the syngas Hto CO ratio is at least 2:1 during (d). The present application relates to an apparatus for production of syngas by gasification of carbon (contained in one or more feed fuel material), said apparatus being intended to work at increased pressure. More specifically the application relates to an ...

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Номер записи: 57
27-01-2022 дата публикации

REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GASIFYING AND/OR MELTING OF FEED MATERIALS

Номер: US20220025284A1
Автор: WEGNER André
Принадлежит: KBI INVEST & MANAGEMENT AG

A reactor enables gasification or melting of waste and additional feed materials. The reactor includes a co-current section with a plenum section and a feed section with a sluice. Feed materials are introduced into the reactor. The reactor further includes a buffer section and a pre-treatment section, which adjoins a bottom of the buffer section to create a cross-sectional enlargement. An intermediate section adjoins the pre-treatment section. An upper oxidation section adjoins a bottom of the intermediate section and includes tuyeres in at least one level. An upper reduction section adjoins a bottom of the upper oxidation section. The reactor further includes a gas outlet section. The reactor further includes a countercurrent section having a conical lower reduction section and a conical lower oxidation section adjoining the conical lower reduction section having at least one tuyere and at least one tapping. 1100. Reactor () for gasifying and/or melting of feed materials , the reactor comprising{'b': '110', 'claim-text': [{'b': '111', 'claim-text': [{'b': 112', '100, 'a feed section with a sluice () through which the feed materials are introduced into the reactor () from above,'}, {'b': 113', '112, 'a buffer section () located below the feed section (),'}, {'b': 114', '113', '140, 'a pre-treatment section () that is located below the bottom of the buffer section () and which has a cross-sectional enlargement in the upper area and a narrowing cross-section in the bottom area so that a discharge cone () of the feed material can form,'}, {'b': 119', '114', '114, 'at least one gas supply means () which open in the pre-treatment section () in the region of the cross-sectional enlargement of the pre-treatment section () and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone, and'}, {'b': 115', '114, 'an intermediate section () that is located below the bottom of the pre-treatment section (),'}], 'a plenum section () comprising'}, {'b': 116', '115', '116', '117', ' ...

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Номер записи: 58
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Fluidized bed system and method for operating fluidized bed furnace

Номер: US20160010007A1
Автор: Hiroshi FUNAGOSHI
Принадлежит: IHI Corp

A fluidized bed system includes a first nozzle group that is provided inside a fluidized bed furnace, a second nozzle group that is provided inside the fluidized bed furnace, a first supply section that supplies a gas into the fluidized bed furnace through the first nozzle group, a second supply section that supplies the gas into the fluidized bed furnace through both the first and second nozzle groups, and a control section that controls the second supply section during a start-up operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form a fluidized bed of a fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace, and stops the supply of the gas by the second supply section and controls the first supply section during a normal operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form the fluidized bed of the fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace.

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Номер записи: 59
09-01-2020 дата публикации

REACTION DEVICE WITH HEAT EXCHANGER AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20200009524A1
Автор: Aigner Jonathan, Hense Peter, Hornung Andreas, Hornung Thorsten, Pedrazzini Alberto
Принадлежит:

A reaction device is provided with a first wall that defines an interior in which a stirring mechanism is located. A heat exchanger is at least partly provided on the first outer wall surface facing away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, wherein the heat exchanger has a grate structure, and at least two layers are provided which have a grate structure. Thus, it is possible to transfer heat in a precise and efficient manner primarily by means of thermal radiation in endothermic processes at different temperature levels, in particular pyrolysis, gassing, and reforming processes, and thereby use the exhaust heat for other processes. 1. A reaction device comprising:a first wall, which defines an interior, the interior configured to accommodate a stirring mechanism,wherein a heat exchanger is at least partly on a surface of the first wall that faces away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, the heat exchanger including at least two layers each of which has a grate structure.2. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has a double wall comprising:the first wall, anda second wall, so that an intermediate space, which accommodates the heat exchanger, is formed between the first wall and the second wall.3. The reaction device according to claim 2 , wherein the reaction device is a tube furnace.4. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the stirring mechanism is a screw conveyor.5. The reaction device according to claim 4 , wherein the screw conveyor comprises screw sections claim 4 , which have different pitches.6. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has at least two reaction zones with different temperatures.7. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the layers of the heat exchanger are connected to one another at contact points of the layers or contact surfaces of the layers.8. The reaction device according claim 1 , wherein the structure of a grate ...

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Номер записи: 60
14-01-2021 дата публикации

A LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BASED PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGNINS AND SYNGAS, AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EFFICIENT SYNGAS

Номер: US20210009908A1
Автор: DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A process for production of lignins and synthetic gas including the steps of extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting solid Lignocellulosic Raw Material in contact with a mixture of water and formic acid at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 80° C. and 110° C.; fractionating, the primary solid fraction and the primary liquid fraction; separating the lignins from the intermediate liquid fraction; and gasifying at least part of said primary solid fraction and/or at least part of said residual liquid fraction for producing synthetic gas. 1. A lignocellulosic biomass based process for production of:non-oxidized, non-degraded and uncombined lignins with a controlled aliphatic hydroxyl content and controlled phenolic hydroxyl content; andsynthetic gassaid process comprising the following steps:a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;b) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of the preceding extracting step a);c) recovering by evaporation-condensation of all or part of organic acids contained in said primary liquid fraction and obtaining an intermediate liquid fraction;d) separating the lignins from said intermediate liquid fraction and obtaining a residual liquid fraction.e) gasifying at least one of at least part of said primary solid fraction or at least part of said residual liquid fraction for producing synthetic gas.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said gasifying step e) consists in gasifying at least part of ...

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Номер записи: 61
15-01-2015 дата публикации

INTEGRATED METHOD FOR GASIFICATION AND INDIRECT COMBUSTION OF SOLID HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS IN A CHEMICAL LOOP

Номер: US20150013575A1
Автор: Forret Ann, Gauthier Thierry, YAZDANPANAH Mahdi
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to an integrated method for gasification and indirect combustion of a solid hydrocarbon feedstock in a chemical loop, comprising: 1. An integrated method for gasification and indirect combustion of a solid hydrocarbon feedstock in a chemical loop , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'contacting solid hydrocarbon feedstock with water in a gasification reaction zone RG in order to discharge ashes and to produce a gaseous effluent comprising syngas CO, Hand water HO,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'supplying reduction reaction zone RR of a redox chemical loop wherein oxygen-carrying solid particles Me/MeO circulate with at least part of gaseous effluent produced in the gasification reaction zone in order to produce a COand HO-concentrated gaseous effluent,'}reoxidizing the oxygen-carrying solid particles from reduction reaction zone RR of the chemical loop in oxidation reaction zone RO by means of an oxidizing gas and discharging fumes.2. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a part of the COand HO-concentrated effluent produced in reduction zone RR is recycled so as to supply gasification reaction zone RG with oxygen.3. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein reduction reaction zone RR is supplied with all of the gaseous effluent produced in gasification reaction zone RG in order to produce heat that is recovered in oxidation reaction zone RO or on the gaseous effluent transport lines.4. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein reduction reaction zone RR is supplied with a part of the gaseous effluent produced in gasification reaction zone RG in sufficient amount to produce the energy required for the gasification reaction claim 1 , the other part allowing syngas CO+H2 to be produced.5. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid ...

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Номер записи: 62
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Integrated Coal To Liquids Process With Co2 Mitigation Using Algal Biomass

Номер: US20170015602A1
Автор: Bauman Richard F., Bisio Attilio, Fiato Rocco A., Zaczepinski Sioma
Принадлежит: ACCELERGY CORPORATION

An ICBTL system and method having a low GHG footprint for converting coal or coal and biomass to liquid fuels and a biofertilizer in which a carbon-based feed is converted to liquids by direct liquefaction and optionally by indirect liquefaction and the liquids are upgraded to produce premium fuels. COproduced by the process is used to a produce cyanobacteria containing algal biomass and other photosynthetic microorganisms in a photobioreactor. Optionally, lipids extracted from the some of the algal biomass is hydroprocessed to produce fuel components and biomass residues and the carbon-based feed our gasified to produce hydrogen and syngas for the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Some or all of the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms are used to produce a natural biofertilizer. COmay also be produced by a steam methane reformer for supplying COto produce the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms. 1. A method converting a coal containing solid carbonaceous material to liquid fuels and cyanobacteria based biofertilizer , comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'a. directly liquefying a coal containing solid carbonaceous material by subjecting said material to elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a solvent and a molybdenum containing catalyst for a time sufficient for producing hydrocarbon liquids and byproduct CO;'}b. upgrading hydrocarbon liquids produced by step a to liquid fuels and byproduct ammonia;{'sub': '2', 'c. producing hydrogen and byproduct COfrom a carbonaceous feed, and supplying at least a portion of said hydrogen as inputs to said direct liquefaction and said upgrading steps;'}{'sub': '2', 'd. reproducing a soil-based, nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria containing inoculant in a photobioreactor with the use of byproduct COproduced by one or both of said direct liquefaction and hydrogen producing steps and ammonia produced by said upgrading step; and'}e. producing a biofertilizer incorporating said inoculant.2 ...

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Номер записи: 63
21-01-2016 дата публикации

CORROSION REDUCTION FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION THROUGH SEEDED SACRIFICIAL METAL

Номер: US20160017243A1
Автор: Adam Quentin Arthur Carl
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Technologies are presented for reducing corrosion M supercritical water gasification through seeded sacrificial metal particles. The metal panicles may be seeded into one or more material input streams through high pressure injection. Once distributed in the SCWG reactor, the metal particles may corrode preferentially to the metal SCWG reactor walls and convert into metal oxides that precipitate out above the supercritical point of water. The precipitated metal oxides may then be collected downstream of the SCWG reactor to be reprocessed back into seed metal at a smelter. The seeded metal particles may complete a process material cycle with limited net additional waste.

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Номер записи: 64
21-01-2016 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOW RANK FUELS

Номер: US20160017801A1
Автор: Bi Xijing, DePuy Richard Anthony, Hu Lishun, Leininger Thomas Frederick, Xue Junli
Принадлежит:

In one aspect, a gasification system for use with low rank fuel is provided The system includes a pyrolysis unit positioned to receive a feed of low rank fuel, the pyrolysis unit being configured to pyrolyze the low rank fuel to produce pyrolysis gas and fixed carbon. The system also includes a gasifier configured to produce a syngas stream using the received fixed carbon, a cooler configured to receive and cool the syngas stream, and a first conduit coupled between the cooler and the pyrolysis unit. The first conduit is configured to recycle at least a portion of the syngas stream to the pyrolysis unit such that the recycled syngas stream is mixed with the pyrolysis gas to produce a hydrocarbon-rich syngas stream containing gasification by-products. The system also includes a by-product recovery system coupled to the pyrolysis unit for removing the gasification by-products from the hydrocarbon- rich syngas stream.

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Номер записи: 65
17-04-2014 дата публикации

FLOW SPLITTER FOR A COMPACT GASIFICATION REACTOR SYSTEM

Номер: US20140102001A1
Автор: Sonwane Chandrashekhar, Sprouse Kenneth M.
Принадлежит:

A flow splitter is operable to divide flow of a fuel mixture. The flow splitter includes a first tube having an outlet end and a plurality of second tubes that are coupled at the outlet end to divide flow from the first tube. Each of the plurality of second tubes has a respective inside diameter that satisfies Equation (I) and Equation (II) disclosed herein. 2. The flow splitter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second tubes consists of two of the second tubes.4. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 3 , including a reactor vessel in flow-receiving communication with at least one of the plurality of second tubes of the flow splitter.5. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 4 , wherein the reactor vessel includes an injector in flow-receiving communication with at least one of the plurality of second tubes.6. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 4 , wherein the reactor vessel includes a cooling system.7. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 3 , including a fuel source that is operable to provide the fuel mixture to the flow splitter.8. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 7 , wherein the fuel source includes a hopper.9. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 7 , wherein the furel source includes a pump.10. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 3 , including a plurality of reactor vessels in flow-receiving communication with respective ones of the plurality of second tubes of the flow splitter.12. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing different inside diameters Dfor different ones of the plurality of second tubes.13. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing a cold gas efficiency of at least 80%.14. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing a cold gas efficiency of at least 90%.15. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing a cold gas efficiency of at least 92%.16. The method as ...

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Номер записи: 66
16-01-2020 дата публикации

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS

Номер: US20200017422A1
Автор: KRAMER Andrew, LAMONT David, SEABA James
Принадлежит:

Aspects of the invention relate to improvements in the flexibility with which oxygen and hydrogen, for example from electrolysis, may be supplied to processes having both gasification and methanation steps, as well as improvements in how such processes may be operated in response to variations in carbonaceous feeds. Offsets, between the ideal quantity of hydrogen and the quantity available from a given source may be compensated for by adjusting one or more operations of the process, and in particular such operation(s) that ultimately impact the quantity of CO and/or COavailable downstream of the gasifier for conversion to methane in an RNG product stream. 1. A process for producing methane , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'in a gasifier, contacting a carbonaceous feed with an oxygen-containing gasifier feed to provide a gasifier effluent comprising CO, COand H;'}{'sub': '2', 'in a methanation reactor, reacting electrolysis hydrogen, obtained from an electrolyzer, with at least a portion of the CO and/or COin the gasifier effluent to form methane,'}{'sub': '2', 'adjusting an operation of the process, affecting a methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or a methanation reactor inlet COconcentration, in response to a makeup quantity of the electrolysis hydrogen.'}2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a methane product as claim 1 , or recovering the methane product from claim 1 , a methanation reactor effluent.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the operation of the process claim 1 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 1 , (i) consumes or produces CO or COin the process claim 1 , or (ii) adds or removes CO or COin the process.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the operation of the process claim 3 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 3 , is a sour shift operation that consumes CO and ...

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Номер записи: 67
16-01-2020 дата публикации

BIOMASS INJECTION INTO FLUID BED CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS REACTOR

Номер: US20200017770A1
Автор: AMBLARD Benjamin Thomas, DASARATHY Raghava, FEUGNET Frédéric Jean-Michel, GAUTHIER Thierry Albert Pierre, JR. Charles Mitchel, Schmelzer Eugene, Sorensen, TEBIANIAN Sina
Принадлежит:

An improved process is provided for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium, for example, hot catalyst, with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs, and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone. 1. A process for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass , comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs , and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone.2. The process of wherein the biomass feed is injected through the pneumatic injection line in the at least one mixing zone having a horizontal claim 1 , upward or downward orientation with a deviation angle of 0 to 60 degrees.3. The process of wherein the deviation angle is 45 degrees.4. The process of wherein there are two pneumatic injection lines situated at opposite sides of the at least one mixing zone claim 1 , with 90° shift with respect to a heat medium inlet.5. The process of wherein the at least one mixing zone comprises a lift pipe connected to the bottom of a fluidized bed reactor by way of a termination device mounted on top of the lift pipe in order to diminish channeling and enhance a uniform distribution.6. The process of wherein the mixing zone comprises one to 4 lift pipes.7. The process of wherein feeding of biomass into the pneumatic injection line before pneumatic injection into the mixing zone is ...

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Номер записи: 68
16-01-2020 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE ENERGY-INTEGRATED PRODUCT GAS GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20200017782A1
Автор: ATTWOOD Brian Christopher, Burciaga Daniel A., Chandran Ravi, Freitas Shawn Robert, HARRINGTON Kaitlin Emily, LEO DANIEL MICHAEL, MILLER Justin Kevin, Newport Dave G.
Принадлежит: Thermochem Recovery International, Inc.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 144.-. (canceled)45. A method for converting a carbonaceous material into at least one liquid fuel , the method comprising:(a) combining a carbonaceous material and carbon dioxide in a feedstock delivery system;(b) introducing the combined carbonaceous material and carbon dioxide into a first reactor containing a first particulate heat transfer material;(c) introducing steam into the first reactor;(d) reacting the carbonaceous material with steam and carbon dioxide in an endothermic thermochemical reaction to generate a first reactor product gas containing char;(e) introducing a portion of the char into a second reactor containing a second particulate heat transfer material;(f) introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the second reactor;(g) reacting the char with the oxygen-containing gas in the second reactor, in an exothermic thermochemical reaction to generate a second reactor product gas;(h) transferring heat, via a second reactor heat exchanger, from the exothermic thermochemical reaction to a first heat transfer medium in thermal contact with the second reactor, the heat transfer medium comprising steam;(i) introducing at least a portion of the heated first heat transfer medium into the first reactor for use as the source of steam in (c);(j) compressing the first and/or second reactor product gas to thereby form a compressed product gas;(k) removing carbon dioxide from the compressed ...

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Номер записи: 69
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Method and system for controlling soot make in synthesis gas production

Номер: US20200017783A1
Автор: Bart van KRIMPEN, Joachim Ottomar WOLFF, Jose Atilio QUEVEDO-ENRIQUEZ, Mario Guilherme SANTOS GRACA, Thomas Christiaan van TERGOUW
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

The present application provides a method for controlling soot make in a process for the gasification of a liquid carbonaceous feedstock. The gasification process comprises: partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock in a gasifier to produce syngas; guiding the syngas from an outlet of the gasifier to a quench section; cooling the syngas in the quench section to provide cooled syngas; providing the cooled syngas to a soot removal unit; using the soot removal unit to remove solids from the cooled syngas, the soot removal unit providing a cleaned syngas stream and a waste slurry stream comprising the solids removed from the syngas; continuously monitoring a concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) in the waste slurry stream; providing the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) to a control system. The control system continuously optimizes the gasification process to changes in concentration of total suspended solids, carbon-to-ash ratio, and optional additional parameters.

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Номер записи: 70
16-01-2020 дата публикации

System for generating power from a syngas fermentation process

Номер: US20200017784A1
Автор: Graeme Parker, Kim OCFEMIA, Peter S. Bell, Stephen John Benstead
Принадлежит: Jupeng Bio Inc

A system and process is provided for generating power from a syngas fermentation process. The process includes contacting hot syngas having a temperature above about 1400° F. with cooled syngas to produce a pre-cooled syngas having a temperature of 1400° F. or less at an inlet of a waste heat boiler. A waste heat boiler receives the pre-cooled syngas and is effective for producing waste heat boiler high pressure steam and a cooled syngas.

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Номер записи: 71
26-01-2017 дата публикации

Sour Pressure Swing Adsorption Process

Номер: US20170021301A1
Автор: Andrew David Wright, Edward Landis Weist, Jr., Fabrice Amy, Jeffrey Raymond Hufton, Jeffrey William Kloosterman, Shubhra Jyoti Bhadra
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

Methods and apparatuses for separating CO 2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

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Номер записи: 72
28-01-2016 дата публикации

Waste Processing Method and Apparatus

Номер: US20160023928A1
Автор: Chung Kevin, Kaneshiro Alan, Kaneshiro Gary, Loo David
Принадлежит: R3D3, Inc.

Methods and systems are provided for aerobic digestion of organic waste material. 1. A method for processing organic waste material , comprising:(a) mixing an organic waste material with microbial pre-soak liquid in a pre-digester tank, thereby producing a slurry;{'sub': '2', '(b) conducting the slurry to a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: (i) the organic waste material slurry; (ii) microbes that are capable of digesting the waste material; and (iii) O;'}{'sub': '2', '(c) agitating the slurry in the bioreactor at a temperature that is suitable for growth of the microbes and for an amount of time that is suitable for the microbes to digest the waste material to produce digested waste material, wherein COis produced during the microbial digestion process; and'}(d) conducting the digested waste material to a separator system that separates liquids from solids, wherein solid digested waste material is separated from liquid in the separator system, wherein the solid digested waste material comprises a reduced mass and volume in comparison to the organic waste material that was provided in step (a).2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the microbes that are capable of digesting the organic waste material are added in step (a) and/or step (b).3. (canceled)4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the digested waste material comprises compost claim 1 , humus claim 1 , humate claim 1 , and/or biochar.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said organic waste material is digested in about 5 minutes to about 1 hour.68-. (canceled)9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic waste material comprises wood claim 1 , hydrocarbons claim 1 , paper claim 1 , fecal matter claim 1 , landscape waste claim 1 , meat claim 1 , carbohydrates claim 1 , proteins claim 1 , food waste claim 1 , plastic claim 1 , and/or rubber.10. (canceled)11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic waste material is deconstructed prior to mixing ...

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Номер записи: 73
28-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN INDIRECT RADIATION DRIVEN GASIFIER REACTOR AND RECEIVER CONFIGURATION

Номер: US20160024403A1
Автор: Hilton Courtland, Jovanovic Zoran, Kelley Donna, Perkins Christopher, Strand Steven
Принадлежит:

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds. 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus , comprising:a thermal receiver having inner walls that form a cavity space inside the thermal receiver;a chemical reactor that has one or more reactor tubes located inside the cavity space of the thermal receiver, where in the one or more reactor tubes a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat is configured to occur, wherein the chemical reaction includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat;a source of inert particles that are inert to the chemical reaction that includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat, where the source of inert particles couples to the one or more feed lines to add the inert particles to the chemical reactor;one or more feed lines coupled to the chemical reactor to add the inert particles for radiation absorption and re- ...

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Номер записи: 74
28-01-2016 дата публикации

PRESSURIZED PLASMA ENHANCED REACTOR

Номер: US20160024404A1
Автор: Batdorf James A., Lamar David, Olson Dieter
Принадлежит:

The present invention is a vitrification and gasification system that operates at elevated pressures. The system includes a processing chamber having numerous penetrations, and seals for effectively sealing the penetrations to the processing chamber. 1. A method for converting organic compounds to useful gas products , the method comprising: at least one port; and', 'at least one electrode penetrating into the processing chamber through the at least one port;, 'introducing organic material and oxygen into a processing chamber of a gas product manufacturing system, the processing chamber includingmaintaining the processing chamber at a pressure of at least 2 atmospheres;preventing gas from diffusing through the at least one electrode with a sealing material diffused in the at least one electrode to create a gas tight seal in the at least one electrode;providing electrical energy to said electrode to induce reactions between the organic material and the oxygen to form synthesis gas.2. The method of wherein the at least one electrode is provided as a graphite electrode.3. The method of wherein the processing chamber is provided in communication with a separate gasification system.4. The method of wherein the gas product manufacturing system includes a product gas port in fluid communication with the processing chamber claim 1 , andthe method further includes removing the synthesis gas from the processing chamber through the product gas port.5. The method of wherein removing the synthesis gas from the processing chamber through the product gas port includes directing the product gas into a thermal residence chamber in fluid communication with the product gas port.6. The method of wherein the gas product manufacturing system includes material port in communication with the processing chamber; andthe method further includes introducing organic material into the processing chamber through the material port.7. The method of wherein the gas product manufacturing system ...

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Номер записи: 75
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS

Номер: US20160024405A1
Автор: KYLE RONALD
Принадлежит:

A method of converting carbon containing compounds such as coal, methane or other hydrocarbons into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a high pressure, high temperature reactor which operates upon a blend of a carbon compound including COand a carbon source, a catalyst, and steam. Microwave power is directed into the reactor. The catalyst, preferably magnetite, will act as a heating media for the microwave power and the temperature of the reactor will rise to a level to efficiently convert the carbon and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for simultaneously consuming carbon dioxide and generating petroleum products , the method comprising:(a) introducing particles of a catalytic material, absorbent of microwave energy, into a higher-temperature portion of a reaction vessel;(b) introducing coal particles into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(c) introducing steam into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(d) introducing carbon dioxide into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(e) irradiating the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel with microwave energy absorbed by the catalytic material in the reactor so as to heat the catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the coal and the steam, catalyzed by the catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein (i) at least a portion of the hydrogen reacts with the carbon dioxide to produce water and carbon monoxide and (ii) at least a portion of the hydrogen undergoes exothermic reactions with the carbon monoxide, catalyzed by the catalytic material, to produce multiple petroleum products;(f) cooling a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, thereby establishing a temperature gradient within the reaction vessel wherein the irradiated higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel exhibits a higher temperature than the cooled lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, ...

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Номер записи: 76
26-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF REMOVAL OF LIQUID WATER FROM SOLID BULK FUEL MATERIALS

Номер: US20170022435A1
Автор: French Robert R., Reeves Robert A.
Принадлежит:

The invention provides methods to efficiently reduce the water concentration of raw solid fuels, including low rank coals such as brown coal, lignite, subbituminous coal, and other carbonaceous solids. Efficiently drying these materials at low temperatures significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and allows the production of low-rank coals for gasification and liquifaction. 1. A method of treating a solid carbonaceous material comprising:{'sup': '2', 'compacting a solid carbonaceous material under a force of at least about 5000 lb/into form a compacted carbonaceous material; and,'}contacting the compacted carbonaceous material with a working fluid, wherein the working fluid causes evaporative drying of the compacted carbonaceous material to form a dried carbonaceous material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of brown coal claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , subbituminous coal and mixtures of these materials.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a top size between about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a moisture content between about 15 weight percent and about 65 weight percent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a temperature between about 17° C. and about 66° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the force is between about 5000 lb/inand about 50000 lb/in.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated air claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , inert gas claim 1 , flue gas claim 1 , superheated steam and mixtures of these fluids.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting comprises applying the working fluid to the compacted carbonaceous material in at least one of a stockpile of the compacted carbonaceous material and a rotary dryer containing the carbonaceous material.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting ...

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Номер записи: 77
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Номер: US20140107234A1
Автор: James R. Jones, Jr., Peter G. Tiverios, Stephen H. Lucas
Принадлежит: Fulcrum Bioenergy Inc

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

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Номер записи: 78
25-01-2018 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE PLASMA PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WASTE INTO FUEL GAS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

Номер: US20180023011A1
Автор: Carabin Pierre, TSANTRIZOS Peter George
Принадлежит:

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives. 1. A two-stage plasma process for converting waste having organic and inorganic components into fuel gas , which comprises:(a) in the first stage, vitrifying or melting the inorganic components of the waste and partially gasifying the organic components; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) in the second stage, completing the gasification of the organic components so that gas from the first stage of the process entering the secondary gasifier is exposed to a high temperature such as to transform essentially all soot present in the gas to CO and to convert essentially all complex organic molecules to simpler molecules CO, COand H, wherein a dust separation and removal step is provided between the first ...

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Номер записи: 79
23-01-2020 дата публикации

GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20200024531A1
Автор: Davidsson Niclas, Strandberg Niklas, WINGREN Anders
Принадлежит:

A gasification system and a method for gasifying a particulate carbonaceous fuel are disclosed. The gasification system has a gasification chamber with an upper section and a lower section with a fuel inlet for injecting a particulate carbonaceous fuel and oxidant into the upper section whereby, in a thermo-chemical reaction, synthesis gas and residual char is generated. The gasification system further includes a separator configured to receive the synthesis gas and to separate residual tar form the synthesis gas. Further, there is a char bed disposed in the lower section formed by residual char generated in the thermo-chemical reaction and a gas-inlet at a bottom portion of the lower section for injecting gas into the char bed. The residual tar is injected into the char bed whereby, in a thermal cracking process, the residual tar is converted into synthesis gas. Hereby, it is possible to utilize the otherwise lost energy contained in the residual tar, and thereby achieve better efficiency in a gasification system, in a cost-effective and simple manner. 1. A gasification system comprising:a gasification chamber having an upper section and a lower section;at least one fuel-inlet for injecting carbonaceous fuel and oxidant into said upper section whereby, in a thermo-chemical reaction, synthesis gas and residual char is generated;a separator in fluid connection with the upper section via an outlet, said separator being configured to receive said synthesis gas and to separate residual tar from said synthesis gas;a char bed disposed in said lower section, said char bed being formed by residual char generated in said thermo-chemical reaction and allowed to travel downwards within said gasification chamber to the char bed;at least one gas-inlet at a bottom portion of said lower section for injecting gas into said char bed; andat least one tar inlet arranged to inject said residual tar from said separator into said char bed whereby, in a cracking process, said residual tar ...

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Номер записи: 80
29-01-2015 дата публикации

TWO-STAGE PLASMA PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WASTE INTO FUEL GAS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

Номер: US20150028258A1
Автор: Carabin Pierre, TSANTRIZOS Peter George
Принадлежит: PYROGENESIS CANADA INC.

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives. 1. A two-stage plasma process for converting waste having organic and inorganic components into fuel gas , which comprises:(a) in the first stage, vitrifying or melting the inorganic components of the waste and partially gasifying the organic components; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) in the second stage, completing the gasification of the organic components so that gas from the first stage of the process entering the secondary gasifier is exposed to a high temperature such as to transform essentially all soot present in the gas to CO and to convert essentially all complex organic molecules to simpler molecules CO, COand H, wherein a dust separation and removal step is provided between the first ...

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Номер записи: 81
17-02-2022 дата публикации

Reactor and Process for Gasifying and/or Melting of Feed Materials

Номер: US20220049169A1
Автор: Andre WEGNER, Petrus Hendrik Ferreira Bouwer
Принадлежит: AFRICAN RAINBOW MINERALS Ltd

This invention relates to a method and a reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock material. The method includes the steps of choke-feeding a carbonaceous feedstock material into a pyrolysis zone of the reactor to form a discharge bed; heating the discharge bed to initiate pyrolysis of the feedstock material to form a pyrolysis product; providing a lower lying upper oxidation zone; gasifying the pyrolysis product to form a bed of char; converting thermal energy into chemical energy in an upper reduction zone; providing a lower lying lower oxidation zone; collecting any metal slag and/or slag melts in the lower oxidation zone; and discharging hot reducing gases having a temperature of at least 1300° C. and a CO/CO 2 ratio of ≥5, more preferably ≥15.

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Номер записи: 82
17-02-2022 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE MATERIAL AND A PRODUCT GAS

Номер: US20220049170A1
Автор: Kurkela Esa, NIEMINEN Matti
Принадлежит: TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY

The invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents. In the apparatus the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents are gasified at temperature between 600-950° C. in a fluidized bed reactor to form a gaseous material. The gaseous material is than cooled in a water quenching device so that temperature is between 300-500° C. after the cooling. The solid fraction including radioactive agents is removed from the gaseous material in a in at least one filtration device. A gas scrubbing device then removes sulphur by scrubbing the treated gaseous material after the filtration in order to form a treated gaseous material. 1. An apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents to form a treated gaseous material , the apparatus comprising:a fluidized bed reactor configured to gasify the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents from the group consisting of resins, clothes, contaminated wood, and contaminated vegetable matter, wherein the radioactive agents are low-level and/or medium-level radioactive agents, using air at an air ratio greater than zero and less than 1 at temperatures between 600-950° C. to form a gaseous material,a water quenching device configured to quench the gaseous material to temperature which is between 300-500° C. after cooling by water quenching to form a cooled gaseous material,a gas cleaning device configured to remove a solid fraction by filtration carried out at temperature between 300-500° C. in at least one filtration device, including removing the radioactive agents, from the cooled gaseous material and to form a treated gaseous material, anda gas scrubbing device configured to remove sulphur by scrubbing from the treated gaseous material after the filtration.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one heat exchanger for cooling the gaseous material.3. The ...

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Номер записи: 83
30-01-2020 дата публикации

COMPOSITIONS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE CATALYSIS

Номер: US20200030778A1
Автор: CHUN ChangMin, Ide Matthew S., Skoulidas Anastasios I.
Принадлежит:

Ceramic compositions with catalytic activity are provided, along with methods for using such catalytic ceramic compositions. The ceramic compositions correspond to compositions that can acquire increased catalytic activity by cyclic exposure of the ceramic composition to reducing and oxidizing environments at a sufficiently elevated temperature. The ceramic compositions can be beneficial for use as catalysts in reaction environments involving swings of temperature and/or pressure conditions, such as a reverse flow reaction environment. Based on cyclic exposure to oxidizing and reducing conditions, the surface of the ceramic composition can be converted from a substantially fully oxidized state to various states including at least some dopant metal particles supported on a structural oxide surface. 1. A catalyst composition comprising 0.1 wt % or more of particles of one or more dopant metals and 50 wt % to 99 wt % of one or more structural oxides , the one or more dopant metals corresponding to dopant metal oxides having a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. that is greater than a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. for the one or more structural oxides by 200 kJ/mol or more , the particles of the one or more dopant metals being supported on a surface of the catalyst composition , the particles of the one or more dopant metals having an average characteristic length of 10 μm or less.2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises a monolith having a cell density of 50 cells per square inch to 900 cells per square inch claim 1 , or wherein the catalyst composition comprises a monolith having a cell density of more than 900 cells per square inch.3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more structural oxides comprise 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of free silica claim 1 , relative to a weight of the catalyst composition.4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more structural oxides comprise at ...

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Номер записи: 84
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthesis Gas

Номер: US20200032150A1
Автор: KRESNYAK Steve, ZAHORIK Pavel
Принадлежит:

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure claim 1 , preferably greater than full vacuum and less than 600 psig claim 1 , more preferably between atmospheric pressure and 100 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas composition has a H2:CO ratio from about 0.5 to about 1.5 claim 1 , preferably about 0.8 to about 1.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous fuel material comprises biomass fuel selected from wood chips claim 1 , railway tie chips claim 1 , waste wood claim 1 , forestry waste claim 1 , sewage sludge claim 1 , pet coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) claim 1 , Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) claim 1 , or any combination.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the biomass fuel is formed by a chipping claim 4 , shredding claim 4 , extrusion claim 4 , mechanical processing claim 4 , compacting claim 4 , pelletizing claim 4 , granulating claim 4 , or crushing process.6. The process of claim 4 , where the biofuel has been sprayed with claim 4 , coated with or impregnated with liquid or solid carbonaceous materials.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PDX stage temperature is greater than 1250° C. claim 1 , or greater than the ash fusion temperature to create liquid slag.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising processing and cooling the tar free syngas to be used for ...

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Номер записи: 85
31-01-2019 дата публикации

DRY DISTILLATION GASIFICATION WASTE INCINERATION METHOD

Номер: US20190032917A1
Автор: Kaneko Masamoto
Принадлежит:

A plurality of dry distillation furnaces (), () are provided for a single combustion furnace (). When wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace () are subjected to dry distillation to produce a combustible gas and introduce the combustible gas into the combustion furnace () to burn, control is carried out such that a temperature (Tc) in the combustion furnace () becomes a first temperature. When the temperature (Tc) in the combustion furnace () is the first temperature, the presence of the wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace () is detected, the wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace () are ignited to subject the wastes (A) to dry distillation thereby to produce a combustible gas, and the introduction of the combustible gas into the combustion furnace () is started. 1. A dry distillation gasification waste incineration method in which a plurality of dry distillation furnaces are provided for one combustion furnace , wastes held in each of the dry distillation furnaces are sequentially dry-distilled thereby to produce a combustible gas , and control is carried out such that a temperature in the combustion furnace becomes a predetermined first temperature in a case where the combustible gas is introduced into the combustion furnace and burnt , the method comprising:a step of supplying oxygen required for the dry distillation of the wastes to a first dry distillation furnace while controlling a degree of opening of a first valve provided in a first oxygen supply passage such that the temperature in the combustion furnace becomes the first temperature by the combustion of the combustible gas in the case where the combustible gas is produced by dry-distilling wastes held in the first dry distillation furnace by using the oxygen supplied to the first dry distillation furnace through the first oxygen supply passage from an oxygen supply source, and the combustible gas is introduced into the combustion furnace and burnt;a step of detecting presence of wastes in a ...

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Номер записи: 86
04-02-2021 дата публикации

BIOSOLID TREATMENT PROCESS AND SYSTEM

Номер: US20210032552A1
Автор: Mooney David
Принадлежит: Ecoremedy LLC

A biosolids treatment system that treats human biosolids to produce thermal energy for self-consumption for the production of beneficial use products including low carbon ash, high carbon activated biochar, and Class A biosolids. The system includes a variable feed conveyor that conveys a biosolid feed into a dryer; a dryer that dries the biosolid feed to a predetermined moisture content to create one of a beneficial use products, where the predetermined moisture content is controlled by varying the speed of variable feed conveyors and a variable feed mixer; and a gasifier that converts the biosolid feed into two of the beneficial use products. 1. A biosolids treatment system that treats human biosolids to produce beneficial use products including low carbon ash , high carbon activated biochar , and Class A biosolids , the system comprising:a variable feed conveyor that conveys a biosolid feed into a dryer;a dryer that dries the biosolid feed to a predetermined moisture content to create one of a beneficial use products, wherein the predetermined moisture content is controlled by varying a speed of the variable feed conveyor; anda gasifier that converts the biosolid feed into usable thermal energy for system use and at least one of the beneficial use products.2. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the dryer creates low carbon ash and the gasifier creates high carbon activated biochar and Class A biosolids.3. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the treatment system includes a blended air intake to temper flue gas entering a dryer claim 1 , wherein the blended air controls a target temperature in the dryer.4. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the treatment system includes a fan to recirculate moist dryer exhaust to temper flue gas entering a dryer claim 1 , wherein the blended air controls a target temperature in the dryer and reduces NOx emissions.5. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the system is ...

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Номер записи: 87
04-02-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20210032555A1
Автор: Lukas Michael D., Ostvik Bjornulf
Принадлежит:

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120.-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;a first mixer disposed in the cavity;a second mixer disposed in the cavity; andan extruder element disposed in the channel in the cavity.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first mixer and the second mixer each comprise a rotary mixing blade.23. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the extruder element is an extrusion screw.24. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first arcuate inner wall portion has a first radius of curvature and the second arcuate inner wall portion has a second radius of curvature that is larger than the first radius of curvature.25. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell ...

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Номер записи: 88
11-02-2016 дата публикации

CARBONACEOUS BRICKS FOR USE IN CARBON BEDS OF GASIFICATION REACTORS AND METHODS OF MAKING CARBONACEOUS BRICKS

Номер: US20160039715A1
Автор: Gorodetsky Aleksandr, Heier Michael Erskine, Hicks Kent O., Reese Stephanie, Santoianni James
Принадлежит:

A process for forming a carbonaceous article for use among particles in a carbonaceous bed of a thermal reactor, includes forming bricks having a material composition including carbon containing particles other than coke, and at least one of Portland cement, potassium silicate cement, and aluminum silicate cement, in an approximate weight % other than water of: 40 to 95 parts of the carbon containing particles, 0 to 20 parts of the Portland cement, 0 to 20 parts of the potassium silicate cement, and 0 to 20 parts of the aluminum silicate cement. 1. A process for forming a carbonaceous article for use among particles in a carbonaceous bed of a thermal reactor , the process comprising:forming bricks having a material composition including carbon containing particles other than coke, and at least one of Portland cement, potassium silicate cement, and aluminum silicate cement, in an approximate weight % other than water of:40 to 95 parts of the carbon containing particles,0 to 20 parts of the Portland cement,0 to 20 parts of the potassium silicate cement, and0 to 20 parts of the aluminum silicate cement.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:mixing the material composition with an amount of water to form a moldable mixture;pouring the moldable mixture into the molds of a predetermined size and shape for use in a carbonaceous bed; andallowing the moldable mixture, in the molds, to set and air dry.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the water is about 15% to 25% of the weight of the moldable mixture.4. The process of claim 2 , further including formation of the carbonaceous bed by including the steps of:removing the molded units from the molds, which are shaped to provide the units with average dimensions of about 10 cm to 25 cm across, andintroducing a quantity of the molded units into a reactor vessel to form the carbonaceous bed in which at least about 25% of the carbonaceous bed carbon content is carbon of the molded units.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 89
11-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND MEMBRANE MODULE FOR THE ENERGY-EFFICIENT OXYGEN GENERATION DURING BIOMASS GASIFICATION

Номер: US20160040081A1
Автор: Kriegel Ralf
Принадлежит: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.

The invention relates to a method and a membrane module for process-integrated oxygen generation during biomass gasification, wherein the oxygen is generated at high temperature via mixed conducting ceramic membranes. It is the object of the invention to provide a possibility for energy-efficient oxygen generation in biomass gasification for increasing the efficiency of the overall process. According to the invention, the disadvantages of the prior art are remedied in that a membrane module is heated directly by the synthesis gas from the biomass gasification. However, this heating should only meet less than 20%, typically less than 10% and, under optimal conditions, only approximately 5% of the heat requirement of the membrane module. The predominant portion of the heat required to heat the fresh air is taken from the exhaust air of the membrane module through heat exchange. 17.-. (canceled)8. A method for energy-efficient oxygen generation in biomass gasification , wherein the method uses a membrane module with mixed conducting oxygen-permeable membranes for generating high purity oxygen , wherein gas exiting the membrane module is used to heat incoming fresh air , more than 50% of heat energy contained in the gas exiting the membrane module being utilized to preheat the fresh air , and wherein further heating of the fresh air to a temperature level of 800 to 900° C. is carried out by direct feeding of combustion gas or synthesis gas from the biomass gasification into a combustion space of the membrane module.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a vacuum is generated inside the mixed conducting oxygen-permeable membranes by an electromechanical or mechanical vacuum pump or by a steam ejector.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the combustion gas or synthesis gas from the biomass gasification is fed into a gas engine of a CHP plant claim 8 , and a mechanical vacuum pump is mechanically coupled to the gas engine.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the combustion gas ...

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Номер записи: 90
12-02-2015 дата публикации

REACTOR

Номер: US20150040565A1
Автор: TAN Lien Chiow
Принадлежит:

The present application provides a reactor for: converting feedstock material into gases; or disassociating or reforming a chemical compound; and/a a mixture to its constituent elements; and/to other chemical forms, and; finally a heating device. The reactor comprises a heating device for discharging an ionized gas into the reactor, a feedstock feeder for injecting the feedstock material into the reactor, and a shell forming a chamber that encloses a portion of the heating device and a portion of the feedstock feeder. The application also provides a method for converting hydrocarbon material into synthetic gases. The method comprises: providing the hydrocarbon material to a burner inserted into a reactor, a second step of supplying ionized gases into the reactor, and a third step of subjecting the burner to a flame of the ionized gases such that molecules of the hydrocarbon material are dissociated to forming synthetic gas.

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Номер записи: 91
09-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM CARBON BASED MATERIAL

Номер: US20170037329A1
Автор: De Bellis Michele
Принадлежит:

“Syngas” is produced from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding material into the system, means for combustion thereof, means for use of Syngas and means for extraction of combustion residues, combustion means comprise: a sealed combustion chamber, with temperatures of 300-600° C.; device for injection of gas into the combustion chamber; device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced/to be introduced into the combustion chamber, where the method comprises: introducing the material into a combustion chamber at a constant temperature of 300-600° C.; residence of the material therein for 5-13 hours; the residence time allowing a combustion to decompose organic molecules of the material producing Syngas, continuously drawn off, and carbonous residues; residence of the carbonous residues at the temperature for 7-13 hours with excess air; the excess air for completely incinerating the carbonous residue; and use of the Syngas and extraction of the ash produced by the above. 1. A method for producing “Syngas” from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding said material into said system , means for combustion of said material , adapted to produce Syngas , means for use of said Syngas and means for extraction of residues of said combustion , wherein said means for combustion of said material comprise:a sealed combustion chamber for decomposing the organic molecules of said carbon based material into a mixture of gases and into ash;a device for injection of gas into said combustion chamber;a device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced or to be introduced into said combustion chamber, for guaranteeing a correct sub-stoichiometric ratio for decomposition of said organic molecules,wherein said method comprises the following steps:a) introducing said material into the combustion chamber at a constant temperature between 300 and 600° C.;b) maintaining said material in said combustion chamber for a residence time of ...

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Номер записи: 92
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Catalysts, related methods and reaction products

Номер: US20180037824A1
Автор: Schuetzle Dennis, Schuetzle Robert
Принадлежит:

The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids. 1. A method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbons comprising:a) converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas;b) converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons and a water fraction wherein the water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks are selected from a group consisting of: gas-phase feedstocks; liquid-phase feedstocks; and claim 1 , solid-phase feedstocks.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acids are selected from a group consisting of: methanoic acid; ethanoic acid;propanoic acid; butanoic acid; pentanoic acid; hexanoic acid; and octanoic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a conversion catalyst is used to convert the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons and a water fraction claim 1 , and wherein the conversion catalyst comprises a substrate claim 1 , and wherein the substrate comprises a surface having a pH ranging from about 6.0 to about 8.0.5. The method ...

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Номер записи: 93
08-02-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTEGRATED WASTE STORAGE

Номер: US20180037830A1
Автор: Bohlig James W., CASELLA Douglas R.
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides integrated bunker storage systems for waste streams based on the composition and characteristics of waste streams. In particular, the present invention provides a process for generating individual waste streams based on a set of material characteristics. According to the system and method of the present invention, individual waste streams from wastes stored in bunkers are mixed in a given feed ratio to generate a feed stock that will produce a desired output from a chemical conversion process, e.g., gasification. Optionally, composition data regarding the feed stock can be certified to a third party. 165.-. (canceled)66. A system , comprising:a separation system configured for separating waste constituents of a solid waste stream, the waste constituents including plastics and fibers, the separation system comprisinga screen configured for separating the waste constituents based on size to remove oversized materials from the solid waste stream,a magnetic separator configured for removing ferrous metals from the solid waste stream,an air classifier configured for separating the waste constituents based on density, andan optical sorter configured for optically sorting the waste constituents based on type; andan engineered fuel production system, the engineered fuel production system configured for combining the waste constituents separated from the solid waste stream based on a predetermined recipe to form an engineered fuel.67. The system of claim 66 , wherein the system further comprisesa presorting station configured for sorting waste material into presorted waste constituents.68. The system of claim 67 , wherein the presorted waste constituents include ferrous claim 67 , hard plastics claim 67 , and film plastics.69. The system of claim 66 , wherein the separation system further comprisesa tipping floor configured for receiving the solid waste stream.70. The system of claim 69 , wherein the separation system further comprisesa bag ...

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Номер записи: 94
24-02-2022 дата публикации

Process and plant for biomass treatment

Номер: US20220056356A1
Автор: Daniele BASSO, Flavio Manenti, Kristiano PRIFTI, Renato PAVANETTO
Принадлежит: HBI SRL

Described is a plant and process for biomass treatment, where the plant is configured to actuate said process which comprises: —a step A of thermochemical treatment of transformation of a biomass into a carbonaceous solid, where this transformation involves treating the biomass at a treatment temperature of between 150° C. and 300° C. and at a treatment pressure of between 10 atm and 50 atm for 0.5-8 hours, in the presence of water, with accessory production of a treatment gas; —a step B of mixing the treatment gas with an auxiliary gas, to obtain operating gas; —a step C of thermochemical decomposition of the carbonaceous solid in an atmosphere consisting of the operating gas, where the thermochemical decomposition is suitable to obtain a combustible synthesis gas. step

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Номер записи: 95
06-02-2020 дата публикации

Method for Gasifying Feedstock with High Yield Production of Biochar

Номер: US20200040268A1
Автор: Brown Jeffrey Scott, Davis Brandon, Hopper Billy Freeman, Kelfkens Renus, Loftin Mark Oliver, Newman Matt, Potgieter Deon John
Принадлежит: Aries Gasification, LLC

A downdraft gasifier and method of gasification with high yield biochar that utilizes a plurality of high throughput, vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. A rotating and vertically adjustable rotating grate is located beneath the reduction zone of the gasifier. In addition, a drying zone is located above the pyrolysis zone so the heat of the gasifier can be used to dry feedstock before it enters the gasifier. By optimizing the grate height and rpm, feedstock retention time in the drying zone, the drying zone temperature and feedstock moisture content, the result is gasification of biomass with a high yield and continuous biochar production. 1. A method of gasifying feedstock with a high yield of biochar comprising:Filling a gasifier with feedstock; said gasifier comprising a plurality of conjoined and vertically positioned tubes having an interior wall, an exterior wall, a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end provides an inlet and the distal end provides an outlet, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone and a reduction zone;Drying the feedstock;Igniting the feedstock to create an oxidation band;Injecting oxidant streams into the oxidation zone using at least two rings of plano air inlets;Moving feedstock sequentially from the drying zone through the pyrolysis zone where the feedstock begins to decompose, then through an oxidation zone where the feedstock begins to change to producer gas and then through a reduction zone where the change to producer gas is completed, the gas cools and separates from the biochar;Holding feedstock and a bed of biochar inside the gasifier using a rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below the reduction zone, said position of the grate forming a variably sized bypass between the grate and the reduction zone;Removing biochar through the rotating grate and the bypass;Removing ...

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Номер записи: 96
18-02-2016 дата публикации

NEW AND IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING VARIOUS CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS

Номер: US20160045841A1
Автор: BRADLEY Randall, KAPLAN Allen
Принадлежит: Transtar Group, Ltd.

Eco-friendly systems, methods and processes/processing (EFSMP) or an integrated Matrix encompasses stand-alone and/or interconnected modules for completely self-sustained, closed-loop, emission-free processing of multiple source feedstock that can include pretreatment, with poisoning materials isolated during pretreatment being further recycled to provide useful materials such as, for example, separated metals, carbon and fullerenes for production of nano materials, sulfur, water, sulfuric acid, gas, heat and carbon dioxide for energy production, and production of refined petroleum, at a highly-reduced cost over the best state-of-the-art refining methods/systems that meets new emissions standards as well as optimizes production output with new ultra-speed cycle times. By-products from the petroleum refining process which were previously discarded also now are recycled as renewable sources of energy (water, waste oil and rubber/coal derived pyrolyic (pyrolysis) oil, carbon gases and process gases), or recyclable resources, such as metals and precious metals, oxides, minerals, etc., can be obtained. 1. A system comprising one or more matrix modules wherein the matrix modules are each configured to function together to achieve processing , separation and recovery , reforming , recycling and manufacturing and producing products , energy and feedstocks the system comprising modules adapted for receiving storage and routing of raw materials; modules adapted for processing; modules adapted for separation and recovery; modules adapted for reforming; and modules adapted for recycling and manufacturing and producing products , energy and saleable feedstocks.2. A system according to claim 1 , comprising an oil refinery module and one or more recycling and/or manufacturing modules wherein the matrix system is adapted to produce volume refined oil at a cost less than a prior art refinery.3. The matrix system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modules include: a power ...

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Номер записи: 97
08-05-2014 дата публикации

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

Номер: US20140125052A1
Автор: Roy Edward McAlister
Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies LLC

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

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Номер записи: 98
26-02-2015 дата публикации

Oxygen-Deficient Thermally Produced Processed Biogas from Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20150052812A1
Автор: Catto Michael L., Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M.
Принадлежит:

A processed biogas composition made with an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in processed biogas having an energy density of at least 700 BTU/cubic ft (26 MJ/cubic meter), a carbon monoxide concentration of less than 20 vol %, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 15 vol %. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biogas composition that is renewable and comprises a gaseous carbon fuel made from biomass and with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 700 BTU/cubic ft (26 MJ/cubic meter), a carbon monoxide concentration of less than 20 vol %, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 15 vol %, andthe processed biogas is made from unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is converted into the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with a beneficiation sub-system, and to the processed biogas with an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system.2. The composition of wherein the beneficiation sub-system claim 1 , comprises:a. a transmission device configured to convey into a reaction chamber unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock comprising free water, intercellular water, intracellular water, intracellular water-soluble salts, and at least some plant cells comprising cell walls that include lignin, hemicellulose, and microfibrils within fibrils; i. a wet fibril disruption section configured to interact with at least some of the lignin and hemicellulose between the fibrils to make at least some regions of the cell wall more susceptible to penetration by water-soluble salts,', 'ii ...

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Номер записи: 99
26-02-2015 дата публикации

PARALLEL PATH, DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER APPARATUS AND METHOD

Номер: US20150052813A1
Автор: Brockbank Grover R., Ebeling Morris K., Neves Alan M.
Принадлежит:

A method for using a downdraft gasifier comprising a housing and a refractory stack contained within the housing. The refractory stack may comprise various sections. Apertures in the sections may be aligned to form multiple columnar cavities. Each columnar cavity may comprise an individual oxidation zone. The method of use may include the steps of placing a feedstock into an upper portion of the refractory stack, measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity, and adjusting the flow of oxygen to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range. 1. A method comprising: a housing,', 'a refractory stack contained within the housing and comprising a plurality of sections formed of refractory, the plurality of sections comprising a lower manifold, at least one intermediate section resting on and extending upward from the lower manifold, and an upper manifold resting on and extending upward from the at least one intermediate section, and', 'the refractory stack wherein the upper manifold and the at least one intermediate section each comprise a plurality of apertures extending vertically therethrough, the plurality of apertures of the upper manifold aligning with the plurality of apertures of the at least one intermediate section to form a plurality of columnar cavities, each extending from the upper manifold to the lower manifold and placing the upper manifold in communication with the lower manifold;, 'selecting a downdraft gasifier comprisingplacing a feedstock into the upper manifold;measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity of the plurality of columnar cavities; andadjusting the flow of at least one gas selected form the group consisting of oxygen, oxygen enriched air, and air to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting comprises increasing the flow of the at least one ...

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Номер записи: 100