СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ И ГАЗООБРАЗНЫЙ ПРОДУКТ

Изобретение относится к переработке отходов, включающих органические компоненты и радиоактивные агенты. Способ переработки отходов включает газифицирование отходов, включающих органические компоненты и радиоактивные агенты, которые представляют собой радиоактивные агенты с низким и/или средним уровнем активности, в реакторе с псевдоожиженным слоем при температуре от 600 до 950°С с помощью воздуха, так что коэффициент избытка воздуха составляет ниже 1, с получением газообразного материала, охлаждение газообразного материала путем быстрого охлаждения водой так, что температура после охлаждения составляет от 300 до 500°С, и удаление твердой фракции, включающей радиоактивные агенты, из газообразного материала на стадии очистки газа с получением переработанного газообразного материала. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективную в отношении затрат средств и энергии переработку загрязненных отходов. 4 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

ПРОДУКТ ИЗ ОКСИДА ХРОМА

Изобретение относится к огнеупорному продукту, применяемому в качестве внутренней облицовки газификатора. Спеченный огнеупорный продукт состоит из заполнителя, связанного матриксом, и содержит оксиды в процентном соотношении по массе: более 65 CrO, менее 35 AlO, 1 или более ZrO, по меньшей мере 20 масс. % которого стабилизировано в кубической и/или тетрагональной форме, 0,1 или более YO, действующего в качестве стабилизатора оксида циркония ZrO, менее 1,9% HfO, причем общее содержание оксида хрома, оксида алюминия и оксида циркония CrO+AlO+ZrOсоставляет более 90 масс. %. Продукт содержит соактиватор, действующий или не действующий в качестве стабилизатора оксида циркония, выбранный из СаО, MgO, TiOи их смесей, причем суммарное содержание оксида кальция, оксида магния и оксида титана СаО+MgO+TiOсоставляет менее 6,0 масс. % и более 0,5 масс. %, и более 50 масс. % оксида иттрия и соактиватора присутствуют в матриксе. Технический результат изобретения – улучшение устойчивости огнеупоров к шлаковой ...

Устройство для вихревой газогенерации мелкодисперсных топлив

Полезная модель относится к устройствам для переработки мелкодисперсного топлива и может быть использована в производстве газообразного топлива, синтезгаза для теплоэнергетических установок. Техническим результатом заявленной полезной модели является обеспечение регулирования процесса газогенерации при изменениях или колебаниях свойств топлива или нагрузки потребителя газа. Устройство для вихревой газогенерации мелкодисперсных топлив, содержащее корпус, разделенный на три последовательные для прохода вихревого потока газовзвеси вихревые камеры, с отводом горючего газа из последней вихревой камеры в осевом направлении, причем в первой вихревой камере имеется тангенциальное окно для ввода топлива и тангенциальное сопло для ввода воздуха, устройство снабжено узлом для ввода водяного пара, причем поперечный размер второй вихревой камеры меньше поперечного размера первой и третьей вихревых камер, третья вихревая камера оснащена окном отвода горючего газа, отличающееся тем, что первая, вторая ...

ДВУХСТУПЕНЧАТЫЙ ГАЗОГЕНЕРАТОР И СПОСОБ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ С УНИВЕРСАЛЬНОСТЬЮ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЕМОГО СЫРЬЯ

Изобретение относится к процессам газификации и может применяться для преобразования твердых или суспендированных сырьевых материалов, таких как уголь, нефтяной кокс и нефтяные остатки, в синтез-газ. Способ газификации включает (а) введение жидкого углеводородного сырьевого материала и по меньшей мере одного из сухого сырьевого материала или первого суспендированного сырьевого материала в нижнюю секцию реактора, причем по меньшей мере один из сухого сырьевого материала или первого суспендированного сырьевого материала вводится через два основных питательных сопла, тогда как жидкий углеводородный сырьевой материал вводится по меньшей мере через два дополнительных питательных сопла; (b) частичное сгорание сырьевых материалов в нижней секции реактора с газовым потоком, включающим кислородсодержащий газ или пар, для выделения тепла и образования продуктов, содержащих горячий синтез-газ; (с) пропускание указанного горячего синтез-газа из стадии (b) вверх в верхнюю секцию реактора; и (d) ведение ...

МИКРОВОЛНОВОЙ ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ ГАЗИФИКАТОР БИОМАССЫ С НЕПОДВИЖНЫМ СЛОЕМ И СПОСОБ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ

... 1. Газификатор биомассы с неподвижным слоем на основе микроволновой плазмы, содержащий вертикально расположенный корпус печи, блок мониторинга и устройство генерации микроволновой плазмы, причем корпус печи содержит впуск для материала и топлива, выпуск для синтез-газа, впуск для кислорода/пара и выпуск для шлака, причем корпус печи содержит свободную зону в своей верхней части и зону неподвижного слоя в своей нижней части; выпуск для шлака находится в нижней части корпуса печи; блок мониторинга расположен вблизи выпуска для синтез-газа; и, по меньшей мере, одно устройство генерации микроволновой плазмы расположено на корпусе печи.2. Газификатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что первое устройство генерации микроволновой плазмы расположено между зоной неподвижного слоя в нижней части корпуса печи и впуском для материала и топлива, и второе устройство генерации микроволновой плазмы расположено в свободной зоне в верхней части корпуса печи; первое устройство генерации микроволновой плазмы содержит ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ИСХОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ГАЗ ПУТЕМ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ

... 1. Устройство для газификации с нижней тягой, включающее:продолговатый внешний резервуар,продолговатый внутренний резервуар, где указанный внутренний резервуар расположен внутри указанного внешнего резервуара, в результате чего образуется полость между указанным внутренним резервуаром и указанным внешним резервуаром,загрузочный механизм, включающий продолговатый корпус загрузочного механизма и подающее исходный материал устройство для перемещения указанного исходного материала вдоль указанного продолговатого корпуса загрузочного механизма,корпус газогенератора с внутренней поверхностью и внешней поверхностью,камеру сгорания,газоотвод имеханизм для выгрузки шлака.2. Устройство по п. 1, в котором указанный корпус газогенератора отличается наличием оси и дополнительно включает верхний край, нижний край и множество щелей, расположенных вдоль указанного корпуса газогенератора, где каждая из указанного множества щелей отличается наличием верхнего края щели и нижнего края щели.3. Устройство по ...

СИСТЕМА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ ПРИ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

... 1. Способ получения пара высокого давления в процессе ферментации синтез-газа, включающий: приведение в контакт горячего синтез-газа, имеющего температуру, превышающую примерно 1400°F, с охлажденным синтез-газом с получением во входном отверстии котла-утилизатора отходящего тепла предварительно охлажденного синтез-газа с температурой, не превышающей 1400°F, и подачу предварительно охлажденного синтез-газа в котел-утилизатор отходящего тепла, обеспечивающего получение пара высокого давления и охлажденного синтез-газа.2. Способ по 1, дополнительно включающий подачу низкокалорийного синтез-газа в горелку для отходящих газов, обеспечивающую получение горячего газа горелки; подачу горячего газа из горелки в пароперегреватель котла-утилизатора отходящих газов, обеспечивающего получение пара высокого давления; исоединение пара высокого давления котла-утилизатора отходящего тепла и пара высокого давления котла-утилизатора отходящих газов для получения смешанного пара высокого давления.3. Способ ...

Shutting down fixed bed pressure gasifier

In shutting down fixed bed pressure gasifiers by lowering the height of the bed and gas-free purging, after emptying the reactor bunker and the inlet sluice, further feed of material to be gasified is stopped and the remaining material in the reactor is used for prodn. of fuel gas by feed or a gasification mixt. with 40-200 m<3>/m<2>/hr. of O2, adjusted in dependence on the rise in the crude gas outlet temp. at a constant feed of water into the upper part of the reactor, and pref. by more than 50 deg C/30 mins., to more than 20 m<3>/m<2>/hr., until the material has been completely pyrolysed and has been partially gasified to a safe, technically suitable min.. This min. value of gasification material is determined by the limiting value, found in the crude gas, of the process parameters of CO2 of 41-48% and of O2 of 0.5-2%. The crude gas outlet temp. and the chamber temp. in the empty upper part of the reactor are established at below 650 deg C by spraying water into the upper part of the ...

Adaptation of a compound hydraulic sealing device for controlling the flow or direction of flow of gases in water gas plant

... 275,490. Dempster, Ltd., R. & J., and Andrews, C. Jan. 22, 1927. Water gas plant.-Hydraulic means for controlling the direction of flow through water gas plant comprises a pair of seals in which the liquid levels are controlled by mechanism in connection with the steam supply. Each seal comprises concentric pipes a, b dipping into liquid in closed compartments c, the pipe a, of the seal D being connected by a pipe 6 to the bottom of the generator while the corresponding pipe of the seal E is connected to the top of the producer. 'The pipes bare provided with a common outlet 8 and pipes l connect the pipes a with their respective chambers and are controlled by valves k linked to the valve n controlling the steam supply so that when the steam supply is reversed the seal previously open is closed while the other one is opened.

Plant comprising a reactor, in particular for the gasification of fossil fuels

PCT No. PCT/DE81/00044 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 9, 1981 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 9, 1981 PCT Filed Mar. 13, 1981 PCT Pub. No. WO81/02743 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 1, 1981.A plant for the gasification of fossil fuels which includes a reactor container and a further plant component attachable to the reactor container. The reactor container has a discharge opening and includes a connection part extending outwardly from the discharge opening. A fireproof lining, which determines the inner cross-sectional area of the container, is provided within the container. An intermediate ring is interposed between the connecting part of the reactor container and the further plant component for attaching the connecting part to the further plant component. This intermediate ring is provided with a fireproof lining having an area of reduced inner cross-section which is less than the inner cross-sectional area of the fireproof lining of the reactor container, the area of reduced cross-section being the smallest cross-sectional ...

Improvements relating to gas generators or producers

... 177,845. Hughes, G., and Mitchell, W. July 28,1921. Producers.-A water-spray pipe h is provided in the gas outlet chamber d of a producer and the water is collected in a trough f surrounding the top of the combustion chamber a. Any soot drawn by suction into chamber d falls into trough f and is carried off by means of the water through a chain tap.

Process and system for generating synthesis gas

Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

Microwave plasma biomass gasifying fixed bed gasifier and process

Microwave plasma biomass entrained flow gasifier and process

Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

METHOD AND PLANT FOR GENERATING SYNTHESIS GAS

Microwave plasma biomass gasifying fixed bed gasifier and process

CONVERSION OF CARBON CONTAINING FEEDSTOCK

Microwave plasma biomass gasifying fixed bed gasifier and process

Microwave plasma biomass entrained flow gasifier and process

Conversion of carbon containing feedstock.

Method and system for supplying a reactor for generating crude synthesis gas.

Process and system for generating synthesis gas

Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

Microwave plasma biomass entrained flow gasifier and process

Gasification apparatus with continuous solids discharge.

Method and apparatus for biomass pyrolysis gasification via two interconnected furnaces

Conversion of carbon containing feedstock.

Method and apparatus for biomass pyrolysis gasification via two interconnected furnaces

Conversion of carbon containing feedstock.

Method and apparatus for biomass pyrolysis gasification via two interconnected furnaces

Method and apparatus for drying of wood chips

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Trocknen von Holzschnitzeln, die als Rohstoff für einen Gas erzeugenden Reaktor (6) verwendet werden, dessen Produktgas zumindest zum Teil in einem Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW) verwendet wird ist vorgesehen, dass Luft aus dem BHKW die Holzschnitzel in einem Trockenbunker (3) erwärmt und trocknet, und dass die Holzschnitzel durch eine erste luftdichte Schleuse (2) in den Trockenbunker (3) und durch eine zweite luftdichte Schleuse (4) aus dem Trockenbunker gelangen. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist zwischen einem Lager für Holzschnitzel und einen Reaktor (6), dessen Produktgas zu einem BHKW geleitet wird, einen Trockenbunker (3) auf. Das Fördermittel für die Holzschnitzel weist eine gasdichte Schleuse beim Einlass in den und beim Auslass aus dem Trockenbunker (3) auf, und eine vom BHKW kommende Warmluftleitung führt zum Trockenbunker, der zumindest einen Auslass ftir die abgekühlte, befeuchtete Luft aufweist.

PROCEDURE AND MECHANISM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN INFLAMMABLE GAS MIXTURE AND ENERGY PRODUCTION DEVICE.

Gasification reactor

A gasification reactor (1) comprising a gasifier (2) with a tubular gastight wall (3) arranged within a pressure vessel (9). The gasification reactor comprises one or more pressure responsive devices (20, 21) comprising a sleeve (22, 48) with a cooled section (24, 50) extending outwardly from an opening (23, 49) in the gastight wall. The pressure responsive devices can, e.g. include a pressure measurement device (21) and/or a pressure equalizer (20). Method of using a pressure responsive device with such a gasifier (2), wherein a heat sluice is used formed by a sleeve (22, 48) with a cooled section (24, 50) extending outwardly from an opening (23, 49) in the gastight wall.

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy ...

Multi-faceted gasifier and related methods

POKE HOLE CLOSURE

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A COMBUSTIBLE GASEOUS MIXTURE AND POWER GENERATING APPARATUS, ASSOCIATED WITH THE FORMER

GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING FUEL INJECTORS

A system is provided that comprises a gasifier with an enclosure disposed about a chamber, wherein the enclosure comprises a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall between the top and bottom walls. The gasifier also comprises an outlet disposed in the bottom wall, a first injector disposed in the top wall, and a second injector disposed in the side wall, wherein the first and second injectors are configured to inject fuel, oxygen, or a combination thereof, into the chamber.

REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GASIFYING AND/OR MELTING OF FEED MATERIALS

The present invention relates to a reactor (100) for the gasifying and/or melting of feed materials. The reactor comprises: a co-current section (110). comprising a plenum section (111), comprising a feed section with a sluice (112), wherein feed materials are introduced into the reactor (100) from above via the feed section, a buffer section (113), a pre-treatment section (114), which adjoins a bottom of the buffer section (113) to create a cross-sectional enlargement, and an intermediate section (115) adjoining the pre-treatment section, an upper oxidation section (116) adjoining a bottom of the intermediate section and comprising tuyeres (117), and an upper reduction section (118) adjoining a bottom of the upper oxidation section (116), a gas outlet section (120) comprising at least one gas outlet (121), and a countercurrent section (130) comprising a conical lower reduction section (138) adjoining the gas outlet section (120) and a conical lower oxidation section (136) adjoining the ...

AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OLEFINS FROM SYNGAS

The present disclosure relates to an improved process for producing olefins from syngas. Raw material is treated to produce syngas comprising H2, CO and CO2. The ratio of H2 and CO in the syngas is 1:1. The syngas is contacted with at least one first catalyst to produce an intermediate stream comprising dimethyl ether (DME), and unconverted CO2, H2 and CO. The unconverted H2 and CO is recycled to a first catalyst section and a portion of the separated CO2 is recycled for producing the syngas. The remaining intermediate stream is contacted with at least one second catalyst to produce a second stream comprising olefins, H2O, methane, ethane, and propane. H2O, methane, ethane, and propane are separated to obtain the olefins. The separated methane, ethane, and propane are further recycled for producing the syngas. The CAPEX and OPEX of the improved process are reduced.

METHOD OF PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

The present invention relates to a method of producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a carbonaceous stream, wherein the partial oxidation is controlled using an oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C ratio), the method comprising at least the steps of: (a) feeding a carbonaceous stream and an oxygen containing stream into a gasification reactor at a selected O/C ratio; (b) at least partially oxidising the carbonaceous stream in the gasification reactor, thereby obtaining a gaseous product stream at least containing synthesis gas, CO2 and CH4; (c) determining the content of CO2, in the product stream obtained in step (b); (d) comparing the content determined in step (c) with a pre-determined content thereby possibly obtaining a difference value between the content determined in step (c) and the pre-determined content; (e) adjusting the O/C ratio in step (a) based on the difference value obtained in step (d).

CHLORINATION OF PROCESSING RESIDUES AS A VARIABLE LOAD FOR GRID SCALE ELECTRICAL LOAD FOLLOWING AND STORAGE

Disclosed are systems and methods having inherent carbon capture and conversion capabilities offering maximum flexibility, efficiency, and economics while simultaneously enabling environmentally and sustainably sound practices. A hybrid thermochemical cycle couples staged reforming with hydrogen production and residue chlorination. The residues of the upgrading are chlorinated, metals of interest are removed and bulk material is re-mineralized. Through the residue chlorination process, various metals including rare earths are concentrated and extracted. Exergy is retained through chemical synthesis such as hydrocarbon and metal and non-metal chloride production. Produced chemicals are later exploited by redox reactions in the operation of an integrated gasification flow battery.

PLASMA GASIFICATION REACTORS WITH MODIFIED CARBON BEDS AND REDUCED COKE REQUIREMENTS

A carbonaceous bed in a reactor includes carbon bearing material that is not coke and rather includes natural wood blocks or bricks formed of non-coke carbonaceous material in a binder along with, as options, other constituents such as catalysts and fluxing agents. The bed reduces the amount of coke required in processes such as for syngas production. Such non-coke units are applicable to an original carbonaceous bed in a reactor and also to replenishment of reacted carbon in the original bed. The bed may include ungasified carbon particulate matter separated from gaseous reaction products of a gasification reactor, either in non-coke bricks or otherwise applied, as may other carbonaceous material often regarded as waste such as spent potliner material from aluminum making and soot residue from a gasification reactor. Certain reactor structural modifications can also result in reduced consumption of carbon in a bed.

METHODS FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

The present disclosure is generally directed to process of gasification of carbonaceous materials to produce synthesis gas or syngas. The present disclosure provides improved methods of gasification comprising adding a molecular oxygen- containing gas and optionally adding water into said gasifier. This disclosure is also directed to process of production of one or more alcohols from said syngas via fermentation or digestion in the presence of at least one microorganism.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BIOMASS PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION VIA TWO INTERCONNECTED FURNACES

A method and an apparatus for biomass pyrolysis gasification via two interconnected furnaces. The method uses a high heat-capacity solid particle as an energy carrier and saturated water as an oxidizer. First, the biomass is subjected to a low-temperature pyrolysis at a temperature between 500 and 800°C to obtain an alkali metal oxide-free crude synthetic gas and coke. Next, the crude synthetic gas and the coke are subjected to a high-temperature gasification at a temperature between 1200 and 1600°C to obtain a tar-free synthetic gas. Finally, the synthetic gas generated is subjected to a sequence of cooling, dust removal, acid removal, and dehydration processes. The device comprises: a gasification furnace (4) and a pyrolysis furnace (6) arranged one on top of the other, the inner cavities thereof being interconnected, a particle heater (10), a plasma torch heater (11), an exhaust fan (12), and a first heat exchanger (13) cyclically arranged, a water storage container (16) for making the ...

METHOD OF OPERATION OF PROCESS TO PRODUCE SYNGAS FROM CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

A process is provided for producing syngas that is effective for use in downstream processes. The process for producing syngas includes operating a gasification apparatus in a start-up mode until the gasification apparatus and equipment downstream of the gasification apparatus are adequately warmed up to a first target temperature. Upon reaching a first target temperature, the process is then operated in a production mode to produce a second syngas with a higher CO/CO2 molar ratio. Operation in a start-up mode until reaching a first target temperature, provides a process that is effective for reducing fouling in downstream equipment and for providing a second syngas can be more effectively cooled and cleaned.

SYNGAS COOLER SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATION

A process and system for cooling syngas provides effective syngas cooling and results in reduced levels of fouling in syngas cooling equipment. A process for cooling syngas includes blending syngas with cooled recycled syngas in an amount effective for providing a blended syngas with a temperature at an inlet of a syngas cooler of about 600°F to about 1400°F. The blended syngas changes direction of flow at least once prior to the inlet of the syngas cooler.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBON-CONTAINING FEED STOCK INTO GASIFICATION GAS

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

SLAG HANDLING SYSTEM

A batch slag handling system for gasifiers and the like which operate under pressure, has a lockhopper receiving the slag under pressure and dispensing it after depressurization. The slag is ground and combined with water for transport to a slag sump where it is dewatered and then removed from the site. Sluice water is provided by a closed loop system.

Vorrichtung zur Entstaubung des Treibgases für Kraftfahrzeuge mit einem Erzeuger für das Treibgas.

Einrichtung zum Anfachen eines Gaserzeugers durch einen an ihn angeschlossenen Verbrennungsmotor.

Dispositif d'allumage pour gazogène.

Gaskühl- und Reinigungseinrichtung zum Anschluss an einen Gaserzeuger für feste oder flüssige Brennstoffe.

Mit einem Gaserzeuger verbundene Einrichtung zum Anfachen eines mit einer Brennkraftmaschine zusammenarbeitenden Gaserzeugers.

Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Prüfen des Betriebszustandes von Gaserzeugungsanlagen und ihren Teilen.

Einrichtung zur Regulierung von Gasgeneratoren.

Gazogène à bois.

Dispositivo indicatore di minimo livello.

Beschickungs- und Entschlackungsvorrichtung an Brennräumen von Druckfeuerungen und Druckgaserzeugern für feste Brennstoffe.

Einrichtung an Holz- und Holzkohlengaserzeugungsanlagen zur Konstanthaltung der zwecks Anpassung an die Aussenlufttemperatur wahlweise einstellbaren Gastemperatur beim Eintritt in das Filter.

Installation comprenant un moteur à explosions alimenté par un gazogène et comportant un compresseur.

Einrichtung zur Beschickung von Gasgeneratoren mit Anfeuerungsmaterial.

Treibgaserzeugungsanlage.

Groupe gazogène.

Vorrichtung an mit Holzgas betriebenen Fahrzeugen zum Trocknen des im Gaserzeuger zur Vergasung gelangenden Holzes mittels der Auspuffgase des Motors.

Gasgeneratoranlage.

Installation de signalisation de l'épuisement du combustible solide se trouvant dans le réservoir d'un gazogène.

Einrichtung zur Erleichterung des Anzündens und Anfachens von Gasgeneratoren, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge.

Brennstoffanzeiger an Gasgeneratoren für feste Brennstoffe.

Schraubdeckelverschluss an der Schüröffnung von Gaserzeugern, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge.

Einrichtung an Generatorgasanlagen mit Anfachventilator zum Reinigen derselben.

Gasmotoranlage mit einem Gasgenerator und einem Gebläse zum Anlassen des Generators.

Gasgeneratoranlage mit von dem erzeugten Gas getriebenem Motor.

Installation de sécurité et de contrôle d'un gazogène.

Einrichtung an Kraftfahrzeugen mit Generatorgasbetrieb zur Explosionsverhütung im Elektrofilter.

Vorrichtung zur Regulierung parallelgeschalteter Gaserzeuger.

Gasgeneratoranlage.

Zündvorrichtung für Gasgeneratoren, insbesondere für Holzkohlengasgeneratoren auf Fahrzeugen.

Sicherheitsvorrichtung an Holzgasgeneratoren zum Verhindern des Ausbrennens.

Elektroanzünder an Fahrzeug mit Gasgenerator zum Anzünden des festen Brennstoffes im Generator.

Einrichtung zum Anfachen von Gaserzeugern.

Vorrichtung zum Anzünden und Anfachen von Gasgeneratoren, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge.

Installation pour l'allumage d'un gazogène.

Gaserzeuger, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge.

Einrichtung an Holz- und Holzkohlengasgeneratoren zum automatischen Abschliessen des Exhausters gegen die Saugleitung.

Verfahren zum Regeln des Mischverhältnisses eines Gases und eines Dampfes und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Procédé pour la mise au repos d'un système de génération de gaz

CONVERSION OF CARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIAL

CATALYSTS, CONNECTED METHODS AND REACTION PRODUCTS

METHOD OF REALIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING SYNTHESIS OF - GAS FROM CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIAL

REFRACTORY LINING OF WORKING SURFACE OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER

СПОСОБ КОНТРОЛИРОВАННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Способ производства синтез-газа путем частичного окисления потока, содержащего углерод, согласно которому частичное окисление контролируют с использованием отношения О/С. Способ включает по крайней мере этапы: (а) подачи потока, содержащего углерод и потока, содержащего кислород, в газификационный реактор при выбранном отношении О/С; (b) по крайней мере частичное окисление потока, содержащего углерод в газификационном реакторе с получением газообразного продуктового потока, который по крайней мере содержит синтез-газ, СО2 и СН4; (с) определение содержания СО2 в продуктовом потоке, полученном на этапе (b); (d) сравнение содержания СО2, определенного на этапе(с), с предварительно установленным содержанием СО2, с получением значения расхождения между содержанием, определенным на этапе (с) и предварительно установленным содержанием; (е) коррекция отношения О/С на этапе (а), на основании значения расхождения, полученного на этапе (d).

ТЕПЛОВАЯ ТРУБКА, HEATPIPE-РИФОРМЕР С ТАКОЙ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ТРУБКОЙ И СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ТАКОГО HEATPIPE-РИФОРМЕРА

Тепловая трубка, а также способ эксплуатации такой тепловой трубки представлены так, что, в частности, при введении в находящуюся под давлением атмосферу газообразования, т.е. в богатую водородом среду, трубка остается активной в течение более длительного периода. Далее представляется heatpipe-риформер с такой тепловой трубкой. Предусматривая отвод водорода в области теплоотдающего конца тепловой трубки, проникающий в тепловую трубку и собирающийся там водород снова отводится из тепловой трубки так, что сохраняется эффективность передачи тепла тепловой трубки. Отвод водорода между внутренней частью и внешней частью трубчатой оболочки создает градиент концентрации водорода и соответственно градиент парциального давления водорода, так что проникший во внутреннюю часть тепловой трубки водород диффундирует в отвод водорода и может оттуда удаляться. Также между окружающей тепловую трубку атмосферой, например атмосферой в реформирующей камере (50) газификации в кипящем слое, и отводом водорода ...

DEVICE FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS - GAS

PRODUCT OF CHROMIUM OXIDE, ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND HAFNIUM OXIDE

PROCESS FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

Plasma gasification reactors with modified carbon beds and reduced coke requirements

A carbonaceous bed in a reactor includes carbon bearing material that is not coke and rather includes natural wood blocks or bricks formed of non-coke carbonaceous material in a binder along with, as options, other constituents such as catalysts and fluxing agents. The bed reduces the amount of coke required in processes such as for syngas production. Such non-coke units are applicable to an original carbonaceous bed in a reactor and also to replenishment of reacted carbon in the original bed. The bed may include ungasified carbon particulate matter separated from gaseous reaction products of a gasification reactor, either in non-coke bricks or otherwise applied, as may other carbonaceous material often regarded as waste such as spent potliner material from aluminum making and soot residue from a gasification reactor. Certain reactor structural modifications can also result in reduced consumption of carbon in a bed.

Method and apparatus of particulate removal from gasifier components

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus of particulate removal from gasifier components. Disclosed is a method of removing a particulate layer from a gasification system component including locating a shedding apparatus in operable communication with the gasification system component. A force is transmitted from the shedding apparatus into the gasification system component and the particulate layer is shed from the gasification system component as a result of the force. Further disclosed is a syngas cooler for a gasification system including a vessel and a plurality of thermal energy transfer platens located in the vessel. A shedding apparatus is in operable communication with the plurality of platens and is capable of shedding a particulate layer from the plurality of platens by transmitting a force to the plurality of platens.

Устройство для утилизации отходов

Полезная модель относится к устройству утилизации промышленных (резина, нефтяной шлам, растворители, отходы полиграфии, полимерные отходы), бытовых (несортированный бытовой мусор), опасных (медицинские отходы, кислые гудроны, промышленная и бытовая электроника) и многих других промышленных отходов, которое перерабатывает такие отходы в промышленно применимый продукт - синтез-газ, основными сферами применения синтез-газа являются производство электрической и тепловой энергии, получение оксида углерода и водорода, синтез Фишера-Тропша и др.Техническим результатом является повышение эффективности утилизации органических, медицинских и других опасных промышленных отходов с получением высококачественного получаемого синтез-газа, не требующего дополнительных мер по его разделению и очистке при сохранении небольших массогабаритных характеристик устройства.Технический результат достигается тем, что устройство для утилизации отходов содержит узел загрузки, реактор и, по меньшей мере, два блока СВЧ-излучателей, установленные по внешнему периметру реактора, между каждым блоком СВЧ-излучателей и реактором введен узел пароперегревателя с экранирующей рубашкой, выполненный с возможностью подачи в него пара, при этом узел пароперегревателя содержит пористую керамику с возможностью поглощения СВЧ-излучения. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 204 070 U1 (51) МПК F23G 5/08 (2006.01) C10J 3/72 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК F23G 5/08 (2021.02); C10J 3/72 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2021103024, 08.02.2021 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 05.05.2021 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Лавриненко Святослав Олегович (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 05.05.2021 Бюл. № 13 2 0 4 0 7 0 (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ОТХОДОВ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к устройству отходов с получением высококачественного утилизации промышленных (резина, нефтяной получаемого синтез-газа, не требующего ...

Method and System for Controlled Gasification

Disclosed is a system and a method of controlled gasification. The method includes introducing a first fuel to a gasifier in a system, introducing a first fuel to a gasifier in a system, generating a product gas by partially oxidizing the first fuel with an oxidizer including oxygen, directing a first portion of the product gas to a process chamber, and selectively introducing a recycled portion of the product gas to the gasifier.

Method and apparatus for processing of carbon-containing feed stock into gasification gas

The invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular to apparatuses of processing of solid household and industrial waste, as well as other carbon-containing feedstock into combustible gasification gas and methods for pyrolysis and downdraft gasification process.

Integrated gasification combined cycle plant with char preparation system

Provided herein are systems, methods and equipment that include Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology to retrofit existing plants, that include, e.g., subsystems for separating char fines from syngas after it emerges from an internally-circulating fluidized bed carbonizer and injecting the char into the carbonizer draft tube as a fuel source. Efficiency and power generation are thus increased to the extent that inclusion of carbon capture systems are now possible for existing coal plants in order to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Metering system, dense phase conveying system and method for supplying bulk material in powder form

The present invention relates to a metering system for the steady, continuous, dosed supply of a bulk material in powder form made of light, polydisperse particles from a supply device (B, SG) into a plurality of conveying tubes (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ) to a consumer arranged downstream. The metering system comprises at least two metering containers (DB 1 , DB 2 , DB 3 ) each having a delivery device (AE 2/1 , AE 2/2 , AE 2/3 ), the delivery device (AE 2/1 , AE 2/2 , AE 2/3 ) for each of the conveying tubes (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ) comprising a dust flow regulation device (FI 1/1 , FI 2/1 , FI 3/2 ), which is assigned thereto and opens therein, and a mass flow measuring probe (FIC 1 , FIC 2 , FIC 3 ) being arranged on each of the conveying tubes (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ), which is coupled to the dust flow regulation device (FI 1/1 to FI 3/2 ) which opens into the corresponding conveying tube (FR 1 , FR 2 , FR 3 ). Furthermore, the metering system has a pressure regulation device, which is coupled to the pressure measuring devices (PI 1/1 , PI 1/2 , PI 1/3 ) arranged on the delivery devices (AE 2/1 , AE 2/2 , AE 2/3 ), and which controls a metering container pressure (PIS 2/1 , PIS 2/2 , PIS 2/3 ) at least as a function of a metering container fill level (LIS 1 , LIS 2 , LIS 3 ). A pump device (V) can be coupled to each of the metering containers (DB 1 , DB 2 , DB 3 ), which provides a pressure (PIS 2/1 , PIS 2/2 , PIS 2/3 ) in the metering container (DB 1 , DB 2 , DB 3 ), which is less than a pressure in the supply device (B, SG). Furthermore, the invention discloses a dense phase conveying system, which comprises the metering system and a method for the steady, continuous, dosed supply of a bulk material in powder form made of light, polydisperse particles.

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

Gasification power generation plant

A gasifier ( 101 ) that has a fluid communication channel ( 131 ) that communicates a fluid, which undergoes heat exchange in the furnace, and that generates syngas by gasifying fuel; gas purifying equipment that removes impurities contained in the syngas generated by the gasifier ( 101 ); a gas turbine that is driven by the gas purified by the gas purifying equipment; and a heat exchanger that heats a fluid with exhaust expelled from the gas turbine are provided, and the fluid heated by the heat exchanger is supplied to the fluid communication channel ( 131 ) by being pressurized by pressurizing gas when performing warm-up of the gasifier ( 101 ).

Systems And Methods For Starting Up A Gasifier

Systems and methods for starting a gasifier are provided. In the method, a heated start-up medium can be fed to a gasifier operating at a first temperature. Heat can be transferred from the heated start-up medium to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier from the first temperature to an intermediate temperature sufficient to auto-ignite a start-up fuel. A start-up fuel and an oxidant can be fed to the gasifier after the temperature within the gasifier is increased to the intermediate temperature. At least a portion of the start-up fuel can be combusted within the gasifier to produce a combustion gas. Heat can be transferred from the combustion gas to the gasifier to increase the temperature of the gasifier to an operating temperature, wherein the operating temperature is sufficient to gasify at least a portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock.

Fuel gasification system

A fuel gasification system including a gasification furnace including a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas for gasifying fuel charged into gasification gas and flammable solid content, a combustion furnace for combustion of the flammable solid content into which the flammable solid content produced in the furnace is introduced together with bed material and that includes a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas, a material separator such as hot cyclone that separates bed material from exhaust gas introduced from the combustion furnace, the separated bed material being fed through a downcomer to the gasification furnace, and a tar decomposing mechanism that heats the gasification gas produced in the furnace to decompose tar contained in the gasification gas.

GASIFICATION DEVICE AND METHOD

The invention concerns a gasification device for the creation of a flammable gas from a solid, comprising a gasification zone, in which the solid can be filled through a fill opening, an oxidation zone for the oxidation of the resulting gas, which is connected to the gasification zone to conduct the gas created in the gasification zone into the oxidation zone. According to the invention, the efficiency of the gasification device is improved in that the gasification zone is divided into several neighboring gasification sectors, a temperature metering unit is present that is configured to measure the temperature prevailing in each gasification sector, and the temperature metering unit is coupled by signal technology to a control unit, which is coupled to an air supply device by signal technology, that is designed to supply air individually to each gasification sector, and the amount of air supplied to each gasification sector per unit of time is dependent on the temperature measured therein. 117.-. (canceled)18. A gasification device for the creation of a flammable gas from a solid , comprising:a gasification zone in which the solid can be filled through a fill opening;an oxidation zone for the oxidation of the resulting gas, which is connected to the gasification zone to conduct the gas created in the gasification zone into the oxidation zone, wherein the gasification zone is divided into several neighboring gasification sectors that are distributed about a periphery of the gasification zone; anda temperature metering unit configured to measure the temperature prevailing in each gasification sector, the temperature metering unit being coupled by signal technology to a control unit, which is coupled to an air supply device by signal technology that is designed to supply air individually to each gasification sector, and the amount of air supplied to each gasification sector per unit of time is dependent on the temperature measured therein.19. The gasification device ...

Two stage dry feed gasification process

A dry feed two stage gasification system and process is disclosed for gasifying feedstock such as carbonaceous materials with improved energy efficiency, along with reductions in feedstock consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The feedstock is first dried and pretreated with the hot syngas in the upper section of the gasifier to generate a dry char that is low in volatile-matter content. This dry char is sent to the first stage of a two stage gasifier where it reacts with oxygen in the presence of steam to produce a hot syngas stream.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GASIFICATION

A system includes a gasifier having a first enclosure having a first inlet, a first outlet, and a first interior volume. The first inlet is configured to receive a first fuel feedstock into the first interior volume, and the first outlet is configured to output a first syngas away from the first interior volume. The system also includes a plasma gasifier disposed downstream from the first outlet and coupled to a waste stream produced by the gasifier from the first fuel feedstock. 1. A system , comprising:a gasifier comprising a first enclosure having a first inlet, a first outlet, and a first interior volume, wherein the first inlet is configured to receive a first fuel feedstock into the first interior volume, and the first outlet is configured to output a first syngas away from the first interior volume; anda plasma gasifier disposed downstream from the first outlet and coupled to a waste stream produced by the gasifier from the first fuel feedstock.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasma gasifier comprises a second enclosure having a second inlet claim 1 , a second outlet claim 1 , and a second interior volume claim 1 , wherein a plurality of plasma torches are coupled to the second enclosure.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second interior volume is at least less than approximately 5 percent of the first interior volume.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of plasma torches are directed toward one another to generally converge plasma streams.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the waste stream comprises a filter cake produced from a black water source filtered through a fines filter unit in fluid communication with the plasma gasifier.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the plasma gasifier comprises a second inlet configured to receive the filter cake from the fines filter.7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the filter cake is treated in the plasma gasifier to produce a second syngas.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein plasma gasifier is ...

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Method and Apparatus for Producing Engineered Fuel from High Cellulose Feedstock

An apparatus and method for producing methane gas, synthetic hydrocarbon gas, and fertilizer is provided. The apparatus includes a mix tank for mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry and a generator having an exhaust. The apparatus further includes a stir tank reactor for converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid, and a separator for separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid. An anaerobic digester decomposes the received liquid received from the stir tank into methane and liquid components. A carbon dioxide scrubber scrubs the methane component of carbon dioxide. The method includes mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry, and converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid. It also includes separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid and decomposing the liquid into methane and liquid components, and scrubbing the methane component of carbon dioxide.

System and method for heating a gasifier

A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a gasification fuel during a gasification mode. The system also includes a first injector configured to inject a heat control fuel and an oxygen enriched air into the gasifier for combustion during a heat control mode. The heat control fuel is the same or different from the gasification fuel, and the oxygen enriched air includes air enriched with additional oxygen.

SOLAR GASIFIER

In various embodiments, the present invention provides a reaction chamber, including a catalyst, and a heating chamber configured to receive light. The heating chamber is positioned underneath at least a portion of the reaction chamber. 1. A solar gasifier , comprising:a reaction chamber configured to hold a catalyst and a reactant;a reactant inlet port fluidly connected to the reaction chamber;a product outlet port fluidly connected to the reaction chamber; anda heating chamber configured to receive light, wherein at least a portion of the heating chamber is positioned underneath at least a portion of the reaction chamber.2. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a molten alkali carbonate salt.4. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises lithium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a melting point of about 650 K to about 800 K.5. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the heating chamber is configured to pass heat upwardly into at least a portion of the reaction chamber.6. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising a steam or catalyst inlet port fluidly connected to the reaction chamber.7. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising an aperture configured to permit passage of the received light into the heating chamber.8. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising a surface or window configured to permit passage of the received light into the heating chamber.9. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the reactant material comprises biomass.10. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the product comprises syngas.11. The solar gasifier of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber encompasses at least a portion of the heating chamber claim 1 , the reaction chamber and heating chamber configured with a common longitudinal axis disposed horizontally when the gasifier is in use.12. A ...

RADIANT HEAT FLUX ENHANCED ORGANIC MATERIAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM

A system for producing superior quality synthesis gas (“syngas”) consisting of a series of chambers in which the gasification stages of reaction, homogenization and activation occur. The first stage reaction stage agitates and combines the reactants, consisting primarily of organic matter, oxidizer and steam, to initiate gasification of the organic and volatile fraction and to transport the inorganic residue to continuous removal. In the homogenization chamber, turbulence is induced by injecting gaseous species. The gas mixture emerging from the homogenization chamber is accelerated via a third stage communicating duct and is introduced tangentially into the fourth stage activation chamber inducing a cyclonic motion wherein a high intensity radiant heat source is introduced along the central axis of the gas vortex. The syngas and remaining particulate materials are constrained to exit the activation stage through discrete portals which are oriented to further separate the syngas from the remaining entrained particulates. 1. A multistage gasification system , comprising:a first stage gasification reactor for generating a first stage synthesis gas;a second stage mixing chamber configured to enhance homogeneity of the first stage synthesis gas;a third stage accelerator passage for receiving and accelerating the homogenized synthesis gas;a fourth stage activation chamber configured to tangentially receive the accelerated synthesis gas so as to induce cyclonic flow of the accelerated synthesis gas in the activation chamber; anda radiant energy source positioned in the activation chamber for introducing radiant energy into the cyclonic flow of the accelerated synthesis gas so as to activate particulates in the accelerated synthesis gas.2. A multistage gasification system according to claim 1 , wherein the first stage gasification reactor includes a vibratory hearth for combining organic matter and reactants.3. A multistage gasification system according to claim 1 , ...

HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK GASIFIER

A hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier (gasifier) is provided with: a heat transmission surface disposed within a gasification region of a gasifier configured from a pressure vessel for generating produced gas by partially oxidizing coal which is a hydrocarbon feedstock; a heat exchanger disposed on the path of a circulation line for a circulation medium circulating within the heat transmission surface and for exchanging the heat of the circulation medium; and a circulation pump for circulating the circulation medium. 1. A hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier , comprising:a gasifier for generating gasification gas by partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock;a heat transmission surface provided within a gasification region of the gasifier;a circulation line for circulating a circulation medium within the heat transmission surface;a heat exchanger disposed on a path of the circulation line, for exchanging the heat of the circulation medium; anda circulation pump for circulating the circulation medium.2. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transmission surface is a panel type heat transmission surface claim 1 , and a plurality of heat transmission surfaces is provided along an inner surface of a peripheral wall of the gasifier.3. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transmission surface is a panel type heat transmission surface claim 1 , and a plurality of heat transmission surfaces is provided within a space of the gasifier with predetermined intervals.4. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transmission surface is a panel type heat transmission surface claim 1 , and a plurality of heat transmission surfaces is radially provided within a space of the gasifier with predetermined intervals.5. The hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier according to claim 1 , wherein steam is further injected in addition to a normal operating condition of gasification.6. The hydrocarbon ...

Arrangement For And Method Of Gasifying Solid Fuel

An arrangement for gasifying solid fuel includes a gasification reactor for producing further oxidizable product gas from solid fuel and a gas treatment reactor arranged in a flow direction of the product gas in gas flow connection with the gasification reactor. The gas treatment reactor includes a supply for supplying oxygenous gas to the gas treatment reactor for partial oxidization of product gas and for thermal cracking thereof A radiation heat exchange cooler for cooling the product gas is arranged in connection with the gas treatment reactor to solidify melt components in the product gas. A discharge connection is arranged in the lower portion of the radiation heat exchange cooler for removing solidified melt components from the radiation heat exchange cooler. A method of gasifying solid fuel in a gasification reactor is also presented. 112-. (canceled)13. An arrangement for gasifying solid fuel , the arrangement comprising:a gasification reactor for producing oxidizable product gas from solid fuel;a gas treatment reactor, arranged in a flow direction of the product gas, in gas flow connection with the gasification reactor, the gas treatment reactor comprising a supply for supplying oxygenous gas to the gas treatment reactor for partial oxidization and thermal cracking of the product gas;a radiation heat exchange cooler for cooling the product gas, arranged in connection with the gas treatment reactor, to solidify melted components in the product gas; anda discharge connection arranged in a lower portion of the radiation heat exchange cooler for removing solidified, melted components from the radiation heat exchange cooler.14. An arrangement in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the radiation heat exchange cooler includes walls having heat exchange surfaces and defining a gas space in the radiation heat exchange cooler claim 13 , the gas space being a substantially free space.15. An arrangement in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the gas treatment reactor is ...

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

GASIFICATION REACTOR AND PROCESS

A gasification process and reactor for the production of syngas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed. The gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier unit with a reactor chamber having its lower end opening into an open-ended skirt portion arranged above a slag collection bath. The skirt portion is arranged within the impacting scope of one or more rappers. 1. A gasification reactor for the production of syngas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed , wherein the gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier unit with a reactor chamber having its lower end opening into an open-ended skirt portion arranged above a slag collection bath , wherein the skirt portion comprises an upper section connected to the lower end of the reactor chamber , the narrowing top end of upper section being narrower at the connection point with the lower end of the reactor chamber than the bottom portion of upper section and wherein one or more rapper anvil plates are provided on the outer surface of the upper section in the impacting scope of one of the one or more rappers.2. A gasification reactor according to wherein the skirt portion comprises a tubular lower section arranged within the impacting scope of the one or more rappers.3. A gasification reactor according to claim 1 , wherein at least the upper section of the skirt portion is built of parallel coolant conduits interconnected to form a gastight membrane.4. A gasification reactor according to wherein the skirt portion is at least partly made of one or more plates and wherein the skirt portion comprises an outer surface provided with one or more coolant channels.5. A gasification reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more rappers extend through the wall of the pressure vessel.6. A gasification reactor according to wherein at least a part of the rappers comprise a housing extending from the surface of the pressure vessel claim 1 , a striker rod having one end slideably ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for controlling the carbon conversion of a gasifier fuelled with a carbonaceous feedstock by mixing in biomass, the process comprising the steps of (a) pressurizing the biomass and carbonaceous feedstock; (b) introducing the biomass and carbonaceous feedstock into the gasification reactor vessel; (c) partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock/biomass with a molecular oxygen-comprising gas to obtain a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (d) measuring the C02 content of the syngas and comparing with a pre-determined value range; (e) adjusting the biomass/carbonaceous feedstock ratio by changing the biomass feed rate; wherein said biomass and carbonaceous feedstock comprises from 10 wt % to 50 wt % of biomass and wherein the level of biomass is adjusted within this range to control the carbon conversion. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock and biomass are separately introduced into the gasification reactor.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock and biomass are introduced in the gasification reactor as a mixture.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock to the gasifier comprises from 10 wt % to 30 wt % of biomass fuel.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is a solid biomass as obtained by torrefaction.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is a solid biomass as obtained by slow pyrolysis of a biomass source.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is a solid biomass as obtained by flash pyrolysis of a biomass source.8. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the biomass is a liquid biomass as obtained by flash pyrolysis of a biomass source.9. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the biomass is a slurry biomass consisting of a mixture of pyrolysis oil and char as obtained by flash pyrolysis of a biomass source.10. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is coal.11. A process ...

Fluidized bed furnace

Provided is a fluidized bed furnace for heating waste to extract a combustible gas from the waste, including: a plurality of wind boxes arranged on a lower side of a bottom wall of a furnace body to blow a fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed; a plurality of temperature detection sections disposed at respective positions allowing detection of temperatures of an upper position and a lower position vertically spaced in a first region, and allowing detection of temperatures of upper and lower positions vertically spaced in a second region; and a control section operable, based on the temperatures detected by the temperature detection sections, to adjust an air ratio of the fluidizing gas to be fed to each of the wind boxes, so that the temperature of the fluidized bed is raised in a direction from the first region toward the second region.

GASIFICATION REACTOR

A gasification reactor comprising a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier. Strain gauges are provided in the space between the gasifier and the pressure vessel on one or more parts loaded by weight of slag within the gasifier, e.g., at the exterior surface of the gasifier wall and/or coolant supply lines. Formation of slag deposits and/or pressure within the gasifier is monitored by measuring strain development in parts exposed to stress induced by weight of the slag deposits or induced by internal pressure, respectively. 1. A gasification reactor comprising a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier wherein the gasifier comprises a tubular wall and wherein one or more strain gauges are provided in the space between the gasifier and the pressure vessel and wherein the tubular wall is built of parallel tubular lines interconnected to form a gastight wall structure and wherein at least one of the tubular lines is provided with a shoulder having two feet attached to the circumference of one of the tubular lines at a radial distance from each other , wherein the shoulder comprises a shell bridging the two feet and wherein one of the strain gauges is attached to the shell.2. A gasification reactor according to wherein the one or more strain gauges are provided at an exterior surface of the gasifier and/or at one or more coolant supply lines which extend from the pressure vessel to the gasifier.3. A gasification reactor according to wherein one or more of the strain gauges are connected by a data communication line to a monitoring device at the exterior of the pressure vessel.4. A gasification reactor according to wherein the data communication line is guided along a coolant conduit.5. A gasification reactor according to wherein the gasifier comprises a slag discharge arranged above a slag collection bath.6. A gasification reactor according to wherein the strain gauge is attached to the side of the shell facing the outer surface of the tubular line.7. A gasification reactor ...

Injector having interchangeable injector orifices

An impingement injector includes an injector core having a plurality of conduits. The conduits include a first conduit and second conduits disposed circumferentially around the first conduit. The second conduits are at an impinging angle with respect to the first conduit. Replaceable, tunable jets are disposed in corresponding ones of the second conduits.

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

PRODUCT OF CHROMIUM OXIDE, ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND HAFNIUM OXIDE

Sintered refractory product including, in percentages by weight on the basis of the oxides, —more than 10% of chromium oxide CrO, —more than 2% of hafnium oxide HfO, —more than 1% of zirconium oxide ZrO, the total content of chromium, hafnium and zirconium oxides CrO+HfO+ZrObeing greater than 70%. 1. A sintered refractory product comprising , as mass percentages on the basis of the oxides ,{'sub': 2', '3, 'more than 10% chromium oxide CrO,'}{'sub': '2', 'more than 2% hafnium oxide HfO,'}{'sub': '2', 'more than 1% zirconium oxide ZrO,'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2, 'the total content of chromium, hafnium and zirconium oxides CrO+HfO+ZrObeing greater than 70%.'}2. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of hafnium oxide HfOis greater than 3% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.3. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of hafnium oxide HfOis less than 10% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.4. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of chromium oxide CrOis greater than 30% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.5. The refractory product as claimed in claim 4 , in which the content of chromium oxide CrOis greater than 50% as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.6. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which the content of zirconium oxide ZrOis greater than 10% claim 1 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.7. The refractory product as claimed in claim 6 , in which the content of zirconium oxide ZrOis greater than 30% claim 6 , as a mass percentage on the basis of the oxides.8. The refractory product as claimed in claim 1 , in which at least 20% by mass of said zirconium oxide ZrOis stabilized in cubic and/or quadratic form.9. The refractory product as claimed in claim 8 , in which at least 60% by mass of the zirconium oxide is stabilized in cubic and/or quadratic form.10. The refractory product as ...

Flux addition as a filter conditioner

Improvements in a gasification system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with improved energy efficiency. Improved methods and systems for more efficient removal of particulates from a raw synthesis gas while simultaneously providing a novel mechanism for fluxing agent addition to the gasification reactor. A conditioning agent, in the form of coarse fluxing agent particles, is added to the raw synthesis gas upstream from the particle filtration unit. The conditioning agent allows more rapid turnaround of the filtration unit following filter element replacement, extend filter life, facilitates the removal of filter cake from the particle filters, and combines with removed filter cake for recycling to the gasifier. Addition of fluxing agent via this route eliminates the need to premix fluxing agent with the carbonaceous feedstock, thereby maximizing the rate of feedstock addition to the gasification reactor.

METHOD OF OPERATING A GASIFIER

A coal gasifier is retrofitted to achieve multiple advantages such as reduced oxygen consumption, reduced CO2 and NOx emissions, better H:C ratio, better carbon conversion etc. This is achieved by dividing the coal into at least two zones and modifying the gasifier and operating it as described. The coal is injected into a first zone, configured to devolatilize a substantial portion of the injected coal to produce coal char and volatiles. The operation is tuned to substantially consume the oxidant injected in the first zone. A low-calorific-value, high oxidant feedstock is injected in second zone of the gasifier. The devolatilization of the low-calorific-value, high oxidant content feedstock provides the oxygen containing compounds which gasify at least a portion of the coal char generated in the first zone. 1. A method of reducing oxygen requirement of a coal gasifier , comprising:dividing said coal gasifier into two zones—a second zone located downstream of a first zone;providing at least one injector for injecting coal in a first zone, the at least one injector for injecting coal coupled to a source of coal;providing at least one injector for injecting an oxidant in the first zone, the at least one injector for injecting the oxidant coupled to a source of the oxidant, said second zone located downstream of said first zone and relative to said first zone such that the oxidant injected during operation is substantially consumed within said first zone;providing at least one injector for injecting steam in the first zone, the at least one injector for injecting steam coupled to a source of steam, and configured separate and apart from the at least one injector for injecting coal, and wherein the at least one injector for injecting coal is not coupled to the source of steam;devolatilizing a substantial portion of coal in said first zone to produce volatiles and coal char;providing at least one injector for injecting a low-calorific-value, high oxygen-content (LCV HOC) ...

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

Syngas Produced By Plasma Gasification

A syngas stream composition comprising on a dry basis up to about 50,000 mg/Nmparticulates; 5-39 vol % H; 5-39 vol % CO; 15-50 vol % CO; 8-30 vol % N, 0-2 vol % Argon; and 15-50 vol % moisture on a wet basis. The stream includes a H/CO ratio that is about 0.3-2 and at least 15 wt % of particulates have an aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 1 micron. A gasified waste stream and a method for forming a gasified waste stream are also disclosed. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising gasifying waste selected from the group consisting of gasified MSW claim 1 , gasified commercial waste claim 1 , gasified construction and demolition waste claim 1 , gasified industrial waste claim 1 , gasified hazardous waste and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in the MSW comprises 10-35 wt % paper and card claim 2 , 5-15 wt % plastic claim 2 , 2-7 wt % textiles claim 2 , 2-12 wt % glass and metals claim 2 , 15-30 wt % kitchen waste claim 2 , 15-25 wt % biomass and 0-20 wt % other waste material.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the commercial waste comprises 20-70 wt % paper and card claim 2 , 5-30 wt % plastic claim 2 , 0-5 wt % textiles claim 2 , 2-15 wt % glass and metals claim 2 , 5-15 wt % organic waste and 15-25 wt % other biomass.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 10-35 vol % H2.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the composition comprises 15-39 vol % CO.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the composition more comprises 15-40 vol % CO2.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composition comprises 8-15 vol % N2.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the stream comprises 5 claim 8 ,000 to 29 claim 8 ,500 g/Nm3 or 30 claim 8 ,500 to 50 claim 8 ,000 g/Nm3 particulates.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising 1000-5000 ppm HCl and 1000-5000 ppm NH3.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 30 wt % of the particulates have an aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 1 micron.12. The method of ...

AGGLOMERATED PARTICULATE LOW-RANK COAL FEEDSTOCK AND USES THEREOF

The present invention relates generally to processes for preparing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks of a particle size suitable for reaction in a fluidized-bed reactor and certain other gasification reactors and, in particular, for coal gasification and combustion applications. The present invention also relates to integrated coal gasification and combustion processes including preparing and utilizing such agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks. 1. A process for preparing a free-flowing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstock of a specified particle size distribution , the process comprising the steps of: (i) a target dp(50) that is a value in the range of from about 100 microns to about 6000 microns,', '(ii) a target upper end particle size that is a value greater than the target dp(50), and', '(iii) a target lower end particle size that is a value less than the target dp(50);, '(a) selecting a specification for the particle size distribution of the free-flowing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstock, the specification comprising'}(b) providing a raw particulate low-rank coal feedstock having an initial particle density;(c) grinding the raw particulate low-rank coal feedstock to a ground dp(50) of from about 2% to about 50% of the target dp(50), to generate a ground low-rank coal feedstock;(d) pelletizing the ground low-rank coal feedstock with water and a binder to generate free-flowing agglomerated low-rank coal particles having a pelletized dp(50) of from about 90% to about 110% of the target dp(50), and a particle density of at least about 5% greater than the initial particle density, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble binder, a water-dispersible binder and a mixture thereof; and (i) particles larger than the upper end particle size,', '(ii) particles smaller than the lower end particle size, or', '(iii) both (i) and (ii),, '(e) removing all or a portion of'}from the free- ...

CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED-TYPE GASIFICATION FURNACE AND FLUID MEDIUM FLOW RATE CONTROL METHOD

A gasification furnace () of a circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace () forms a fluid medium into a fluid bed, and produces gasified gas by gasifying an input gasification raw material using heat from the fluid medium. A combustion furnace () heats the fluid medium output from the gasification furnace. 1. A circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace comprising:a gasification furnace that forms a fluid medium into a fluid bed, and produces gasified gas by gasifying an input gasification raw material using heat from the fluid medium;a combustion furnace that heats the fluid medium output from the gasification furnace;a buffer section that stores the fluid medium and outputs it to the combustion furnace; anda flow rate adjuster that distributes the fluid medium heated in the combustion furnace to the gasification furnace and the buffer section.2. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 1 , wherein an extraction hole that is used to extract fluid medium that is stored therein to the outside is provided in the buffer section.3. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 1 , wherein an introduction hole that is used to introduce fluid medium from the outside is provided in the buffer section.4. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 2 , wherein an introduction hole that is used to introduce fluid medium from the outside is provided in the buffer section.5. The circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace according to claim 1 , wherein a sealed portion that prevents a reverse flow of gas from the buffer section to the flow rate adjuster is provided in at least a connecting portion between the buffer section and the flow rate adjuster.6. A flow rate control method for controlling the flow rate of a fluid medium in a circulation fluidized bed-type gasification furnace that is provided with: a gasification furnace that forms a fluid medium into ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING WASTE PLASTIC INTO POWER

The invention relates to a process and system for converting carbon material into power. Carbon material is gasified into synthesis gas in a gasifier and steam is supplied to the gasifier The synthesis gas is supplied to a gas turbine to produce power. Air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is cooled in a first cooling device with water to produce steam The steam is used in at least one steam turbine to produce power and the steam from at least one steam turbine is recycled to the gasifier 1. A process for converting carbon material into power , comprising the steps of:a. gasifying the carbon material into synthesis gas in a gasifier, wherein steam is supplied to the gasifier;b. supplying the synthesis gas to a gas turbine to produce power, wherein air is added to the synthesis gas prior to the gas turbine;c. cooling exhaust gas from the gas turbine in a first cooling device with water to produce steam; andd. using steam produced in step c in at least one steam turbine to produce power;wherein the steam from step d is recycled to the gasifier.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gasification in step a is carried out without air or oxygen.3. The process as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is waste plastic.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the waste plastic is polyethylene or polyethylene terephalate.5. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 3 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 800K and 1200K.6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is between 900K and 1100K.7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the temperature of the gasifier is 1000K.8. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the pressure of the gasifier is between 0.5 to 1.5 bar.9. The process as claimed in any one of to claim 6 , wherein the temperature of combustion in the gas turbine is below 1800K.10. The process as claimed ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCTION OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID FROM ETHYLENE OXIDE

The present invention provides methods for the production of terephthalic acid and derivatives thereof using ethylene oxide, carbon monoxide and furan as feedstocks. The process is characterized by high yields and high carbon efficiency. The process can utilize 100% biobased feedstocks (EO via ethanol, CO via biomass gasification, and furan via known processes from cellulosic feedstocks). 1. A process for the production of terephthalic acid or terephthalate utilizing furan , ethylene oxide , and carbon monoxide as the feedstocks , the process comprising the steps of:reacting the ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide to form a four carbon compound;deriving a chemical product from the four carbon compound wherein the chemical product comprises at least one of terephthalic acid, a mono or diester of terephthalic aid, and a mono or bis metal salt of terephthalic acid; andrecovering the chemical product.2. The process of wherein the carbon efficiency of the process is greater than 80%.3. The process of claim 2 , comprising the step of:converting the four carbon compound to an intermediate compound selected from the group consisting of: maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, a mono- or di-ester of fumaric acid, a mono- or di-ester of maleic acid, a mono- or bis salt of maleic acid, a mono- or bis salt of fumaric acid, and a mixture of any two or more of these and converting the intermediate compound to the chemical product.4. The process of claim 3 , comprising the step of converting the intermediate compound to provide an eight carbon compound containing a cyclohexene ring and converting the eight carbon product containing a cyclohexene ring to the chemical product.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising the step of dehydrating the eight carbon product to provide a product precursor containing a disubstituted benzene ring and converting the product precursor to the chemical product.6. The process of claim 1 , characterized in that two adjacent ring carbon atoms ...

Improvements in Waste Processing

This invention provides an apparatus for pyrolysing or gasifying material containing an organic content. The apparatus comprising an oven () mounted for rotation on at least one support (). The oven () has an inlet () for receiving hot gas having a low or zero oxygen content to heat the material therein so as to process it to produce syngas, and an outlet () for said syngas. An electromagnet () is disposed in or adjacent the oven () so as to create a magnetic field therein and a plurality of ferrous elements () are freely disposed within the oven (). A controller () is provided for controlling the electromagnet () and the rotation of the oven (). When activated the electromagnet retains said ferrous elements as the oven rotates. 1. An apparatus for pyrolysing or gasifying material containing an organic content; the apparatus comprising:an oven mounted for rotation on at least one support, said oven having an inlet for receiving hot gas having a low or zero oxygen content to heat the material therein so as to process it to produce syngas, and an outlet for said syngas;an electromagnet disposed in or adjacent said oven so as to create a magnetic field therein;a plurality of ferrous elements freely disposed within the oven; andcontrol means for controlling the electromagnet and the rotation of the oven such that when activated said electromagnet retains said ferrous elements as the oven rotates.2. The apparatus according to wherein the oven further comprises a first portion and a second portion claim 1 , wherein said first portion is disposed above said second portion in a first rotational position and wherein said second portion is disposed above said first portion in a second rotational position; wherein said control means is configured to control the oven to rotate it between the first position and the second position.3. The apparatus according to wherein the electromagnet is located in the first portion and the control means is configured to deactivate the ...

ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCK

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. 1. An engineered fuel feed stock , comprising at least one component derived from a processed MSW waste stream , the engineered fuel feed stock comprising:a HHV of between about 3,000 BTU/lb and about 8,000 BTU/lb;a carbon content of between about 30 wt. % and about 80 wt. %; anda hydrogen content of between about 3 wt. % and about 10 wt. %,wherein the engineered fuel feed stock contains substantially no glass, metals, grit, and noncombustible waste.276.-. (canceled)77. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a HHV of between about 5 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb and about 8 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb.78. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a moisture content of less than about 30 wt. %.79. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 78 , wherein the moisture content is between about 10 wt. % and about 30 wt. %.80. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a volatile matter content of between about 40 wt. % and about 80 wt. %.81. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a sulfur content of less than about 2 wt. %.82. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a chlorine content of less than about 1 wt. %.83. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the processed MSW waste stream contains biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.84. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 1 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a hydrogen content of between ...

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided. 1. A system for the production of synthesis gas , the system comprising:a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, wherein the gasification apparatus comprises at least one vessel configured for fluidization of the contents thereof via introduction thereto of a fluidization gas comprising at least one non-steam component;at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus and configured to prepare a carbonaceous material for introduction into the gasification apparatus; synthesis gas conditioning apparatus configured to produce a conditioned synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide that is different from the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the gasification product gas, to provide a conditioned synthesis gas having a reduced amount of at least one component relative to the ...

CORROSION CONTROL FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION COMPONENTS

Systems and articles of manufacture for minimizing corrosion in supercritical water gasification components are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and operation. The systems may include a nonconducting conduit that is configured to receive a fluid at a first end and transmit the fluid toward a second end thereof. The fluid may include a plurality of ions. The nonconducting conduit may include an inside surface and an outside surface. The systems may further include a plurality of electrodes distributed about at least a portion of the outside surface of the nonconducting conduit and a power source electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes. The power source may be configured to apply an alternating current across the plurality of electrodes, and the alternating current may be effective to exert an electrophoretic force on the plurality of ions in the fluid. 1. A system for minimizing corrosion in supercritical water gasification components , the system comprising:a nonconducting conduit that is configured to receive a fluid comprising a plurality of ions at a first end and transmit the fluid toward a second end thereof, the nonconducting conduit comprising an inside surface and an outside surface;a plurality of electrodes distributed about at least a portion of the outside surface of the nonconducting conduit; anda power source electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes, wherein the power source is configured to apply an alternating current across the plurality of electrodes, wherein the alternating current is effective to exert an electrophoretic force on the plurality of ions in the fluid.2. (canceled)3600. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonconducting conduit is further configured to receive the fluid and transmit the fluid at a temperature of at least about K.418. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonconducting conduit is further configured to receive the fluid and transmit the fluid at a pressure of at least about MPa ...

Process of Making Biochar From Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

A process for making a biochar composition by passing renewable organic-carbon-containing feedstock through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content followed by introducing beneficiated feedstock into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A process of making processed biochar comprising:passing renewable unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that includes free water, intercellular water, intracellular water, intracellular water-soluble salts, and at least some plant cells comprising cell walls that include lignin, hemicellulose, and microfibrils within fibrils through a beneficiation sub-system to produce processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock having a water content of less than 20 wt % and a salt content that is reduced by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock; andpassing the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock an oxygen-deprived thermal sub-system process to produce processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beneficiation sub-system process comprises:exposing the unprocessed feedstock to hot solvent under pressure for a time at conditions specific to the feedstock to make some regions of the cell walls comprising crystallized cellulosic fibrils, lignin, and hemicellulose more able to be penetrable by water-soluble salts without dissolving more than 25 percent of the lignin and hemicellulose;removing the pressure so as to penetrate the more ...

Solid fuel composition formed from mixed solid waste

Systems and methods of producing a solid fuel composition are disclosed. In particular, systems and methods for producing a solid fuel composition by heating and mixing a solid waste mixture to a maximum temperature sufficient to melt the mixed plastics within the solid waste mixture is disclosed.

PYROLYSIS PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE FROM A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of generating electricity for an electrical grid using solid waste , the method comprising:conveying said waste from a water treatment plant comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;exposing the waste to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the waste to a temperature of 160° C. or more;following the exposing of the waste to an environment of saturated steam, pyrolysizing the waste as a result of heating of the waste in an retort comprising multiple heat radiant tubes providing increased retention time of the waste in the retort and heat distribution within the retort, the retort comprising an environment depleted of oxygen and maintained at about 700° C. or more;producing hot synthetic gas via the pyrolysizing of the waste;discharging the hot synthetic gas by product via ports from the retort into a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine is in mechanical connection with an electrical grid;driving the turbine with the hot synthetic gas to generate electricity; anddistributing the generated electricity across the electrical grid.2. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of:cellulosic flakes, wood and textiles.3. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolysizing the waste from the water treatment plant additionally comprises passing the waste from the water treatment plant through a retort comprising a heated multi-zoned pyrolysis muffle chamber.5. The method of ...

POWDER FUEL SUPPLY APPARATUS, GASFIER UNIT, INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE, AND CONTROL METHOD OF POWDER FUEL SUPPLY APPARATUS

Provided is a powder fuel supply apparatus comprising a distributor () that branches supplied powder fuel to a plurality of branch tubes (), a plurality of burners () connected to downstream ends () of the plurality of branch tubes (), respectively, to supply char into a gasification furnace that gasifies the powder fuel, a flow nozzle () provided in each of the plurality of branch tubes (), to apply pressure loss to char flow in the branch tube (), a differential pressure gauge () that measures a differential pressure generated by the flow nozzle (), and a control unit that determines decrease in flow velocity of the char flow based on the differential pressure obtained by the differential pressure gauge (). 1. A powder fuel supply apparatus comprising:a distributor that branches supplied powder fuel to a plurality of branch tubes,a plurality of burners connected to downstream ends of the plurality of branch tubes, respectively, to supply the powder fuel into a gasification furnace that gasifies the powder fuel,a flow nozzle provided in each of the plurality of branch tubes, to apply pressure loss to powder fuel flow in the branch tube, and to equally distribute a flow rate of the powder fuel flowing through each of the branch tubes,a pressure loss measuring unit for measuring a differential pressure generated by the flow nozzle, anda control unit that determines decrease in flow velocity of the powder fuel based on the differential pressure.2. The powder fuel supply apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:an inert gas additional supply unit for additionally supplying an inert gas to powder fuel flow of pulverized fuel flowing together with the inert gas toward the distributor, anda control unit that increases a flow rate of the inert gas to be additionally supplied from the inert gas additional supply unit in a case where decrease in flow velocity of the powder fuel flowing through the branch tube is determined based on the differential pressure.3. A ...

A METHOD FOR PRODUCING PURE AND HIGHLY CONCENTRATED CARBON DIOXIDE FROM A RENEWABLE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

A low energy production method for producing pure and highly concentrated carbon dioxide from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising the steps of i) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting a solid lignocellulosic raw material in the presence of a mixture of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., ii) fractionating, the primary solid fraction and the primary liquid fraction obtained at the end of the extraction step i), iii) separating the lignins from the intermediate liquid fraction, iv) producing a synthetic gas by feeding a gasification equipment with at least part of said primary solid fraction and/or at least part of said residual liquid fraction, and v) producing carbon dioxide and water by introducing dioxygen, or dioxygen enriched air, or air in said gasification equipment. 1. A low energy production method for producing carbon dioxide from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock comprising the following steps:i) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;ii) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of the preceding extracting step i);iii) separating the lignins from an intermediate liquid fraction, and obtaining a residual liquid fraction;iv) producing a synthetic gas by feeding a gasification equipment with at least one of at least part of said primary solid fraction or at least part of said residual liquid fraction;v) producing carbon ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DIESEL FUELED CLC FOR EFFICIENT POWER GENERATION AND CO2 CAPTURE

An integrated chemical looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system and method for diesel fuel combining four primary units including: gasification of diesel to ensure complete conversion of fuel, chemical looping combustion with supported nickel-based oxygen carrier on alumina, gas turbine-based power generation and steam turbine-based power generation is described. An external combustion and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) are employed to maximize the efficiency of a gas turbine generator and steam turbine generator. The integrated CLC system provides a clean and efficient diesel fueled power generation plant with high COrecovery. 1. A diesel fueled chemical-looping combustion (CLC) electrical power generation system , comprising:a feed source of diesel fuel;a gasification chamber fluidly connected to the feed source, the gasification chamber including a first heat exchanger, a gasification reactor and a gasification splitter;a chemical looping combustion chamber fluidly connected to the gasification chamber, the chemical looping combustion chamber including a first reduction reactor, a first splitter, a second reduction reactor and a second splitter;a gas combustion chamber fluidly connected at a first input to a first output of the first splitter and at a second input to the gasification splitter,a gas turbine power generator connected to the combustor;at least one steam turbine electrical power generator;a heat recovery unit fluidly connected to the at least one steam turbine electrical power generator and to the gasification chamber, the heat recovery unit including a second heat exchanger and a plurality of steam generators; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'a COgas purification stage connected to the heat recovery unit, the COgas purification stage including a plurality of condensers and a plurality of compressors.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchanger is connected at a first input to the diesel fuel source claim 1 , and at a ...

A METHOD AND A POWER PLANT FOR ON-DEMAND PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM NON-FOSSIL POWER SOURCES AND FROM A RENEWABLE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

A method and a power plant for on-demand producing electricity from Non-Fossil Power Sources and from a Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass Feedstock, in a power plant using several electrical production facilities comprising a first facility for producing electricity from a Non-Fossil Power Source chosen from among wind power, hydro power, solar power, geothermal power and/or tidal power; and a second facility using synthetic gas produced during a gasification step of several fractions from renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock obtained by the implementation of an organosolv process using a mixture composed of at least water and formic acid. 14-. (canceled)5. A method for on-demand producing electricity from non-fossil power sources and from a renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstock , in an electricity power plant using several electricity production facilities comprising:i) at least a first facility for producing electricity from a non-fossil power source, said power source being chosen from among wind power, hydro power, solar power, geothermal power or tidal power; and non-oxidized, non-degraded and uncombined lignins with a controlled aliphatic hydroxyl content and controlled phenolic hydroxyl content; and', 'synthetic gas,, 'ii) at least a second facility using synthetic gas produced during gasification step e) of a process for production of a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of the at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;', 'b) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of ...

Sustainable Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion with Oxygen Uncoupling and Methods for Their Manufacture

An oxygen carrier (OC) for use in Chemical Looping technology with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) for the combustion of carbonaceous fuels, in which commercial grade metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, and Co oxides and mixtures thereof constitute a primary oxygen carrier component. The oxygen carrier contains, at least, a secondary oxygen carrier component which is comprised by low-value industrial materials which already contain metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni oxides or mixtures thereof. The secondary oxygen carrier component has a minimum oxygen carrying capacity of 1 g of O2 per 100 g material in chemical looping reactions. Methods for the manufacture of the OC are also disclosed.

MICRO-GASIFIER ARRAY NETWORKING

A method is described for integrating a plurality of micro-gasifiers comprising gasifiers, filters, and engine sets or turbine gensets or combined cycle gensets by linking them via a common bus wherein air flow and engine fuel flow is regulated by valves controlling gas flow between the bus and engine genset or turbine genset or combined cycle genset. 1. A multi-gasifier array , comprising:a common gasifier bus connecting two or more micro-gasifier systems, each micro-gasifier system comprising a gasifier, a filter and a genset; anda plurality of airflow valves for regulating the flow of gas within the micro-gasifier array;wherein the plurality of airflow valves are: adjusted to draw air or syngas or hydrogen or natural gas from the gasifier bus and create a partial vacuum on the gasifier bus which is initially filled with air, thus offsetting part of the air flow normally supplied by the engine air input valve;and adjusted to regulate an amount of input gas to the genset to create a pressure delta between the gasifier bus and atmospheric conditions.2. The multi-gasifier array of claim 1 , wherein:the genset comprises an engine genset, a turbine genset or a combined cycle genset; andthe plurality of valves includes a first valve comprising a gasifier output valve that regulates a rate in which air is drawn through the gasifier.3. The multi-gasifier array of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of valves includes a second valve comprising a bi-directional gasifier bus valve that regulates the flow of gas from the gasifier to the gasifier bus claim 2 , or regulates the flow of gas from the gasifier bus to the genset claim 2 , or closes to isolate the micro-gasifier system from the gasifier bus.4. The multi-gasifier array of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of valves includes a third valve comprising an engine fuel input valve that regulates an amount of input fuel gas to the genset and helps regulate a pressure delta between the gasifier bus and atmospheric conditions.5. ...

SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

A system and method of producing syngas is provided. The system includes a low tar gasification generator that receives at least a first and second feedstock stream, such as a solid waste stream. The first and second feedstock streams are mixed and gasified to produce a first gas stream. An operating parameter is measured and a ratio of the first and second feedstock streams is changed in response to the measurement. 1. A system for converting solid waste material to a syngas comprising:a feedstock module configured to receive at least a first feedstock stream and a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream being different than the first feedstock stream, the feedstock module being further configured to mix the first feedstock stream and the second feedstock stream at a first ratio to produce a first refuse derived feedstock;an input module having a low tar gasification generator configured to produce a first gas stream in response to receiving the refuse derived feedstock, the first gas stream including hydrogen;a process module fluidly coupled to receive the first gas stream, the process module including at least one clean-up process module configured to remove at least one contaminant from the first gas stream and produce a second gas stream containing hydrogen;a first sensor arranged to measure a first operating parameter; anda control system coupled for communication to the feedstock module and the sensor, the control system having a processor responsive to executable computer instructions for changing the ratio of the first mixture of the first feedstock stream to the second feedstock stream to a second ratio in response to receiving the first parameter.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first operating parameter is a temperature of the syngas entering the process module.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second feedstock stream has a higher energy content than the first feedstock stream.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the temperature is ...

MOLTEN METAL GASIFIER

An apparatus for gasification of at least one feed fuel material containing carbon into syngas, under a total pressure which exceeds atmospheric pressure comprises a crucible means for containing molten metal, said crucible including injection means for injecting at least one feed fuel material, oxidant gas, or a combination thereof, beneath the surface of the molten metal, an exhaust pipe connected to said crucible means for discharge of syngas therefrom, cooling means for cooling said syngas connected to said exhaust pipe to form a sealed unit with said crucible means, and tapping means for discharge of slag from said crucible means. 18-. (canceled)9. A process for gasification of feed fuel material into syngas , comprising;(a) electric induction melting of a metal into a melt disposed within a crucible;(b) delivering feed fuel material into contact with at least a portion of the melt to convert at least a portion of feed fuel material into syngas and molten slag;(c) withdrawing molten slag from the crucible and placing molten slag into contact with a cooling fluid to form a granulated slag material; and(d) varying the electric induction melting frequency to a desired frequency band and controlling the temperature of the cooling fluid to a desired range temperature during (c) to cause a desired fluid behaviour of the melt and a desired viscosity of the molten slag.10. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein desired frequency band during (d) is between 50 Hz to 700 Hz.11. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein desired range temperature during (d) is between 15 to 40 degrees Celsius.12. The process for gasification of claim 9 , wherein the syngas Hto CO ratio is at least 2:1 during (d). The present application relates to an apparatus for production of syngas by gasification of carbon (contained in one or more feed fuel material), said apparatus being intended to work at increased pressure. More specifically the application relates to an ...

REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GASIFYING AND/OR MELTING OF FEED MATERIALS

A reactor enables gasification or melting of waste and additional feed materials. The reactor includes a co-current section with a plenum section and a feed section with a sluice. Feed materials are introduced into the reactor. The reactor further includes a buffer section and a pre-treatment section, which adjoins a bottom of the buffer section to create a cross-sectional enlargement. An intermediate section adjoins the pre-treatment section. An upper oxidation section adjoins a bottom of the intermediate section and includes tuyeres in at least one level. An upper reduction section adjoins a bottom of the upper oxidation section. The reactor further includes a gas outlet section. The reactor further includes a countercurrent section having a conical lower reduction section and a conical lower oxidation section adjoining the conical lower reduction section having at least one tuyere and at least one tapping. 1100. Reactor () for gasifying and/or melting of feed materials , the reactor comprising{'b': '110', 'claim-text': [{'b': '111', 'claim-text': [{'b': 112', '100, 'a feed section with a sluice () through which the feed materials are introduced into the reactor () from above,'}, {'b': 113', '112, 'a buffer section () located below the feed section (),'}, {'b': 114', '113', '140, 'a pre-treatment section () that is located below the bottom of the buffer section () and which has a cross-sectional enlargement in the upper area and a narrowing cross-section in the bottom area so that a discharge cone () of the feed material can form,'}, {'b': 119', '114', '114, 'at least one gas supply means () which open in the pre-treatment section () in the region of the cross-sectional enlargement of the pre-treatment section () and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone, and'}, {'b': 115', '114, 'an intermediate section () that is located below the bottom of the pre-treatment section (),'}], 'a plenum section () comprising'}, {'b': 116', '115', '116', '117', ' ...

Fluidized bed system and method for operating fluidized bed furnace

A fluidized bed system includes a first nozzle group that is provided inside a fluidized bed furnace, a second nozzle group that is provided inside the fluidized bed furnace, a first supply section that supplies a gas into the fluidized bed furnace through the first nozzle group, a second supply section that supplies the gas into the fluidized bed furnace through both the first and second nozzle groups, and a control section that controls the second supply section during a start-up operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form a fluidized bed of a fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace, and stops the supply of the gas by the second supply section and controls the first supply section during a normal operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form the fluidized bed of the fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace.

REACTION DEVICE WITH HEAT EXCHANGER AND USE THEREOF

A reaction device is provided with a first wall that defines an interior in which a stirring mechanism is located. A heat exchanger is at least partly provided on the first outer wall surface facing away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, wherein the heat exchanger has a grate structure, and at least two layers are provided which have a grate structure. Thus, it is possible to transfer heat in a precise and efficient manner primarily by means of thermal radiation in endothermic processes at different temperature levels, in particular pyrolysis, gassing, and reforming processes, and thereby use the exhaust heat for other processes. 1. A reaction device comprising:a first wall, which defines an interior, the interior configured to accommodate a stirring mechanism,wherein a heat exchanger is at least partly on a surface of the first wall that faces away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, the heat exchanger including at least two layers each of which has a grate structure.2. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has a double wall comprising:the first wall, anda second wall, so that an intermediate space, which accommodates the heat exchanger, is formed between the first wall and the second wall.3. The reaction device according to claim 2 , wherein the reaction device is a tube furnace.4. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the stirring mechanism is a screw conveyor.5. The reaction device according to claim 4 , wherein the screw conveyor comprises screw sections claim 4 , which have different pitches.6. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction device has at least two reaction zones with different temperatures.7. The reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the layers of the heat exchanger are connected to one another at contact points of the layers or contact surfaces of the layers.8. The reaction device according claim 1 , wherein the structure of a grate ...

A LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BASED PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGNINS AND SYNGAS, AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EFFICIENT SYNGAS

A process for production of lignins and synthetic gas including the steps of extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting solid Lignocellulosic Raw Material in contact with a mixture of water and formic acid at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 80° C. and 110° C.; fractionating, the primary solid fraction and the primary liquid fraction; separating the lignins from the intermediate liquid fraction; and gasifying at least part of said primary solid fraction and/or at least part of said residual liquid fraction for producing synthetic gas. 1. A lignocellulosic biomass based process for production of:non-oxidized, non-degraded and uncombined lignins with a controlled aliphatic hydroxyl content and controlled phenolic hydroxyl content; andsynthetic gassaid process comprising the following steps:a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under controlled conditions of temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., with a dilution ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1 and 15, and for a determined period of time, depending on a nature of the at least one lignocellulosic raw material;b) fractionating, at atmospheric pressure, a primary solid fraction and a primary liquid fraction obtained at an end of the preceding extracting step a);c) recovering by evaporation-condensation of all or part of organic acids contained in said primary liquid fraction and obtaining an intermediate liquid fraction;d) separating the lignins from said intermediate liquid fraction and obtaining a residual liquid fraction.e) gasifying at least one of at least part of said primary solid fraction or at least part of said residual liquid fraction for producing synthetic gas.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said gasifying step e) consists in gasifying at least part of ...

INTEGRATED METHOD FOR GASIFICATION AND INDIRECT COMBUSTION OF SOLID HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS IN A CHEMICAL LOOP

The invention relates to an integrated method for gasification and indirect combustion of a solid hydrocarbon feedstock in a chemical loop, comprising: 1. An integrated method for gasification and indirect combustion of a solid hydrocarbon feedstock in a chemical loop , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'contacting solid hydrocarbon feedstock with water in a gasification reaction zone RG in order to discharge ashes and to produce a gaseous effluent comprising syngas CO, Hand water HO,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'supplying reduction reaction zone RR of a redox chemical loop wherein oxygen-carrying solid particles Me/MeO circulate with at least part of gaseous effluent produced in the gasification reaction zone in order to produce a COand HO-concentrated gaseous effluent,'}reoxidizing the oxygen-carrying solid particles from reduction reaction zone RR of the chemical loop in oxidation reaction zone RO by means of an oxidizing gas and discharging fumes.2. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a part of the COand HO-concentrated effluent produced in reduction zone RR is recycled so as to supply gasification reaction zone RG with oxygen.3. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein reduction reaction zone RR is supplied with all of the gaseous effluent produced in gasification reaction zone RG in order to produce heat that is recovered in oxidation reaction zone RO or on the gaseous effluent transport lines.4. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein reduction reaction zone RR is supplied with a part of the gaseous effluent produced in gasification reaction zone RG in sufficient amount to produce the energy required for the gasification reaction claim 1 , the other part allowing syngas CO+H2 to be produced.5. An integrated gasification and chemical looping combustion method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid ...

Integrated Coal To Liquids Process With Co2 Mitigation Using Algal Biomass

An ICBTL system and method having a low GHG footprint for converting coal or coal and biomass to liquid fuels and a biofertilizer in which a carbon-based feed is converted to liquids by direct liquefaction and optionally by indirect liquefaction and the liquids are upgraded to produce premium fuels. COproduced by the process is used to a produce cyanobacteria containing algal biomass and other photosynthetic microorganisms in a photobioreactor. Optionally, lipids extracted from the some of the algal biomass is hydroprocessed to produce fuel components and biomass residues and the carbon-based feed our gasified to produce hydrogen and syngas for the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Some or all of the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms are used to produce a natural biofertilizer. COmay also be produced by a steam methane reformer for supplying COto produce the algal biomass and photosynthetic microorganisms. 1. A method converting a coal containing solid carbonaceous material to liquid fuels and cyanobacteria based biofertilizer , comprising the steps of:{'sub': '2', 'a. directly liquefying a coal containing solid carbonaceous material by subjecting said material to elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a solvent and a molybdenum containing catalyst for a time sufficient for producing hydrocarbon liquids and byproduct CO;'}b. upgrading hydrocarbon liquids produced by step a to liquid fuels and byproduct ammonia;{'sub': '2', 'c. producing hydrogen and byproduct COfrom a carbonaceous feed, and supplying at least a portion of said hydrogen as inputs to said direct liquefaction and said upgrading steps;'}{'sub': '2', 'd. reproducing a soil-based, nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria containing inoculant in a photobioreactor with the use of byproduct COproduced by one or both of said direct liquefaction and hydrogen producing steps and ammonia produced by said upgrading step; and'}e. producing a biofertilizer incorporating said inoculant.2 ...

CORROSION REDUCTION FOR SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION THROUGH SEEDED SACRIFICIAL METAL

Technologies are presented for reducing corrosion M supercritical water gasification through seeded sacrificial metal particles. The metal panicles may be seeded into one or more material input streams through high pressure injection. Once distributed in the SCWG reactor, the metal particles may corrode preferentially to the metal SCWG reactor walls and convert into metal oxides that precipitate out above the supercritical point of water. The precipitated metal oxides may then be collected downstream of the SCWG reactor to be reprocessed back into seed metal at a smelter. The seeded metal particles may complete a process material cycle with limited net additional waste.

INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOW RANK FUELS

In one aspect, a gasification system for use with low rank fuel is provided The system includes a pyrolysis unit positioned to receive a feed of low rank fuel, the pyrolysis unit being configured to pyrolyze the low rank fuel to produce pyrolysis gas and fixed carbon. The system also includes a gasifier configured to produce a syngas stream using the received fixed carbon, a cooler configured to receive and cool the syngas stream, and a first conduit coupled between the cooler and the pyrolysis unit. The first conduit is configured to recycle at least a portion of the syngas stream to the pyrolysis unit such that the recycled syngas stream is mixed with the pyrolysis gas to produce a hydrocarbon-rich syngas stream containing gasification by-products. The system also includes a by-product recovery system coupled to the pyrolysis unit for removing the gasification by-products from the hydrocarbon- rich syngas stream.

FLOW SPLITTER FOR A COMPACT GASIFICATION REACTOR SYSTEM

A flow splitter is operable to divide flow of a fuel mixture. The flow splitter includes a first tube having an outlet end and a plurality of second tubes that are coupled at the outlet end to divide flow from the first tube. Each of the plurality of second tubes has a respective inside diameter that satisfies Equation (I) and Equation (II) disclosed herein. 2. The flow splitter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second tubes consists of two of the second tubes.4. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 3 , including a reactor vessel in flow-receiving communication with at least one of the plurality of second tubes of the flow splitter.5. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 4 , wherein the reactor vessel includes an injector in flow-receiving communication with at least one of the plurality of second tubes.6. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 4 , wherein the reactor vessel includes a cooling system.7. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 3 , including a fuel source that is operable to provide the fuel mixture to the flow splitter.8. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 7 , wherein the fuel source includes a hopper.9. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 7 , wherein the furel source includes a pump.10. The gasification reactor system as recited in claim 3 , including a plurality of reactor vessels in flow-receiving communication with respective ones of the plurality of second tubes of the flow splitter.12. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing different inside diameters Dfor different ones of the plurality of second tubes.13. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing a cold gas efficiency of at least 80%.14. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing a cold gas efficiency of at least 90%.15. The method as recited in claim 11 , including establishing a cold gas efficiency of at least 92%.16. The method as ...

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS

Aspects of the invention relate to improvements in the flexibility with which oxygen and hydrogen, for example from electrolysis, may be supplied to processes having both gasification and methanation steps, as well as improvements in how such processes may be operated in response to variations in carbonaceous feeds. Offsets, between the ideal quantity of hydrogen and the quantity available from a given source may be compensated for by adjusting one or more operations of the process, and in particular such operation(s) that ultimately impact the quantity of CO and/or COavailable downstream of the gasifier for conversion to methane in an RNG product stream. 1. A process for producing methane , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'in a gasifier, contacting a carbonaceous feed with an oxygen-containing gasifier feed to provide a gasifier effluent comprising CO, COand H;'}{'sub': '2', 'in a methanation reactor, reacting electrolysis hydrogen, obtained from an electrolyzer, with at least a portion of the CO and/or COin the gasifier effluent to form methane,'}{'sub': '2', 'adjusting an operation of the process, affecting a methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or a methanation reactor inlet COconcentration, in response to a makeup quantity of the electrolysis hydrogen.'}2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a methane product as claim 1 , or recovering the methane product from claim 1 , a methanation reactor effluent.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the operation of the process claim 1 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 1 , (i) consumes or produces CO or COin the process claim 1 , or (ii) adds or removes CO or COin the process.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the operation of the process claim 3 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 3 , is a sour shift operation that consumes CO and ...

TWO-STAGE ENERGY-INTEGRATED PRODUCT GAS GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 144.-. (canceled)45. A method for converting a carbonaceous material into at least one liquid fuel , the method comprising:(a) combining a carbonaceous material and carbon dioxide in a feedstock delivery system;(b) introducing the combined carbonaceous material and carbon dioxide into a first reactor containing a first particulate heat transfer material;(c) introducing steam into the first reactor;(d) reacting the carbonaceous material with steam and carbon dioxide in an endothermic thermochemical reaction to generate a first reactor product gas containing char;(e) introducing a portion of the char into a second reactor containing a second particulate heat transfer material;(f) introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the second reactor;(g) reacting the char with the oxygen-containing gas in the second reactor, in an exothermic thermochemical reaction to generate a second reactor product gas;(h) transferring heat, via a second reactor heat exchanger, from the exothermic thermochemical reaction to a first heat transfer medium in thermal contact with the second reactor, the heat transfer medium comprising steam;(i) introducing at least a portion of the heated first heat transfer medium into the first reactor for use as the source of steam in (c);(j) compressing the first and/or second reactor product gas to thereby form a compressed product gas;(k) removing carbon dioxide from the compressed ...

Method and system for controlling soot make in synthesis gas production

The present application provides a method for controlling soot make in a process for the gasification of a liquid carbonaceous feedstock. The gasification process comprises: partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock in a gasifier to produce syngas; guiding the syngas from an outlet of the gasifier to a quench section; cooling the syngas in the quench section to provide cooled syngas; providing the cooled syngas to a soot removal unit; using the soot removal unit to remove solids from the cooled syngas, the soot removal unit providing a cleaned syngas stream and a waste slurry stream comprising the solids removed from the syngas; continuously monitoring a concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) in the waste slurry stream; providing the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) to a control system. The control system continuously optimizes the gasification process to changes in concentration of total suspended solids, carbon-to-ash ratio, and optional additional parameters.

System for generating power from a syngas fermentation process

A system and process is provided for generating power from a syngas fermentation process. The process includes contacting hot syngas having a temperature above about 1400° F. with cooled syngas to produce a pre-cooled syngas having a temperature of 1400° F. or less at an inlet of a waste heat boiler. A waste heat boiler receives the pre-cooled syngas and is effective for producing waste heat boiler high pressure steam and a cooled syngas.

Sour Pressure Swing Adsorption Process

Methods and apparatuses for separating CO 2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

Waste Processing Method and Apparatus

Methods and systems are provided for aerobic digestion of organic waste material. 1. A method for processing organic waste material , comprising:(a) mixing an organic waste material with microbial pre-soak liquid in a pre-digester tank, thereby producing a slurry;{'sub': '2', '(b) conducting the slurry to a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises: (i) the organic waste material slurry; (ii) microbes that are capable of digesting the waste material; and (iii) O;'}{'sub': '2', '(c) agitating the slurry in the bioreactor at a temperature that is suitable for growth of the microbes and for an amount of time that is suitable for the microbes to digest the waste material to produce digested waste material, wherein COis produced during the microbial digestion process; and'}(d) conducting the digested waste material to a separator system that separates liquids from solids, wherein solid digested waste material is separated from liquid in the separator system, wherein the solid digested waste material comprises a reduced mass and volume in comparison to the organic waste material that was provided in step (a).2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the microbes that are capable of digesting the organic waste material are added in step (a) and/or step (b).3. (canceled)4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the digested waste material comprises compost claim 1 , humus claim 1 , humate claim 1 , and/or biochar.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said organic waste material is digested in about 5 minutes to about 1 hour.68-. (canceled)9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic waste material comprises wood claim 1 , hydrocarbons claim 1 , paper claim 1 , fecal matter claim 1 , landscape waste claim 1 , meat claim 1 , carbohydrates claim 1 , proteins claim 1 , food waste claim 1 , plastic claim 1 , and/or rubber.10. (canceled)11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic waste material is deconstructed prior to mixing ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN INDIRECT RADIATION DRIVEN GASIFIER REACTOR AND RECEIVER CONFIGURATION

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds. 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus , comprising:a thermal receiver having inner walls that form a cavity space inside the thermal receiver;a chemical reactor that has one or more reactor tubes located inside the cavity space of the thermal receiver, where in the one or more reactor tubes a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat is configured to occur, wherein the chemical reaction includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat;a source of inert particles that are inert to the chemical reaction that includes one or more of biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, methane cracking, steam methane cracking to produce ethylene, metals refining, and CO2 or H2O splitting to be conducted in this chemical reactor using the radiant heat, where the source of inert particles couples to the one or more feed lines to add the inert particles to the chemical reactor;one or more feed lines coupled to the chemical reactor to add the inert particles for radiation absorption and re- ...

METHOD TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF REMOVAL OF LIQUID WATER FROM SOLID BULK FUEL MATERIALS

The invention provides methods to efficiently reduce the water concentration of raw solid fuels, including low rank coals such as brown coal, lignite, subbituminous coal, and other carbonaceous solids. Efficiently drying these materials at low temperatures significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and allows the production of low-rank coals for gasification and liquifaction. 1. A method of treating a solid carbonaceous material comprising:{'sup': '2', 'compacting a solid carbonaceous material under a force of at least about 5000 lb/into form a compacted carbonaceous material; and,'}contacting the compacted carbonaceous material with a working fluid, wherein the working fluid causes evaporative drying of the compacted carbonaceous material to form a dried carbonaceous material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of brown coal claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , subbituminous coal and mixtures of these materials.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a top size between about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a moisture content between about 15 weight percent and about 65 weight percent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid carbonaceous material has a temperature between about 17° C. and about 66° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the force is between about 5000 lb/inand about 50000 lb/in.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated air claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , inert gas claim 1 , flue gas claim 1 , superheated steam and mixtures of these fluids.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting comprises applying the working fluid to the compacted carbonaceous material in at least one of a stockpile of the compacted carbonaceous material and a rotary dryer containing the carbonaceous material.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting ...

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

TWO-STAGE PLASMA PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WASTE INTO FUEL GAS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives. 1. A two-stage plasma process for converting waste having organic and inorganic components into fuel gas , which comprises:(a) in the first stage, vitrifying or melting the inorganic components of the waste and partially gasifying the organic components; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) in the second stage, completing the gasification of the organic components so that gas from the first stage of the process entering the secondary gasifier is exposed to a high temperature such as to transform essentially all soot present in the gas to CO and to convert essentially all complex organic molecules to simpler molecules CO, COand H, wherein a dust separation and removal step is provided between the first ...

GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A gasification system and a method for gasifying a particulate carbonaceous fuel are disclosed. The gasification system has a gasification chamber with an upper section and a lower section with a fuel inlet for injecting a particulate carbonaceous fuel and oxidant into the upper section whereby, in a thermo-chemical reaction, synthesis gas and residual char is generated. The gasification system further includes a separator configured to receive the synthesis gas and to separate residual tar form the synthesis gas. Further, there is a char bed disposed in the lower section formed by residual char generated in the thermo-chemical reaction and a gas-inlet at a bottom portion of the lower section for injecting gas into the char bed. The residual tar is injected into the char bed whereby, in a thermal cracking process, the residual tar is converted into synthesis gas. Hereby, it is possible to utilize the otherwise lost energy contained in the residual tar, and thereby achieve better efficiency in a gasification system, in a cost-effective and simple manner. 1. A gasification system comprising:a gasification chamber having an upper section and a lower section;at least one fuel-inlet for injecting carbonaceous fuel and oxidant into said upper section whereby, in a thermo-chemical reaction, synthesis gas and residual char is generated;a separator in fluid connection with the upper section via an outlet, said separator being configured to receive said synthesis gas and to separate residual tar from said synthesis gas;a char bed disposed in said lower section, said char bed being formed by residual char generated in said thermo-chemical reaction and allowed to travel downwards within said gasification chamber to the char bed;at least one gas-inlet at a bottom portion of said lower section for injecting gas into said char bed; andat least one tar inlet arranged to inject said residual tar from said separator into said char bed whereby, in a cracking process, said residual tar ...

TWO-STAGE PLASMA PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WASTE INTO FUEL GAS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives. 1. A two-stage plasma process for converting waste having organic and inorganic components into fuel gas , which comprises:(a) in the first stage, vitrifying or melting the inorganic components of the waste and partially gasifying the organic components; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) in the second stage, completing the gasification of the organic components so that gas from the first stage of the process entering the secondary gasifier is exposed to a high temperature such as to transform essentially all soot present in the gas to CO and to convert essentially all complex organic molecules to simpler molecules CO, COand H, wherein a dust separation and removal step is provided between the first ...

APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE MATERIAL AND A PRODUCT GAS

The invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents. In the apparatus the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents are gasified at temperature between 600-950° C. in a fluidized bed reactor to form a gaseous material. The gaseous material is than cooled in a water quenching device so that temperature is between 300-500° C. after the cooling. The solid fraction including radioactive agents is removed from the gaseous material in a in at least one filtration device. A gas scrubbing device then removes sulphur by scrubbing the treated gaseous material after the filtration in order to form a treated gaseous material. 1. An apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents to form a treated gaseous material , the apparatus comprising:a fluidized bed reactor configured to gasify the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents from the group consisting of resins, clothes, contaminated wood, and contaminated vegetable matter, wherein the radioactive agents are low-level and/or medium-level radioactive agents, using air at an air ratio greater than zero and less than 1 at temperatures between 600-950° C. to form a gaseous material,a water quenching device configured to quench the gaseous material to temperature which is between 300-500° C. after cooling by water quenching to form a cooled gaseous material,a gas cleaning device configured to remove a solid fraction by filtration carried out at temperature between 300-500° C. in at least one filtration device, including removing the radioactive agents, from the cooled gaseous material and to form a treated gaseous material, anda gas scrubbing device configured to remove sulphur by scrubbing from the treated gaseous material after the filtration.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one heat exchanger for cooling the gaseous material.3. The ...

COMPOSITIONS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE CATALYSIS

Ceramic compositions with catalytic activity are provided, along with methods for using such catalytic ceramic compositions. The ceramic compositions correspond to compositions that can acquire increased catalytic activity by cyclic exposure of the ceramic composition to reducing and oxidizing environments at a sufficiently elevated temperature. The ceramic compositions can be beneficial for use as catalysts in reaction environments involving swings of temperature and/or pressure conditions, such as a reverse flow reaction environment. Based on cyclic exposure to oxidizing and reducing conditions, the surface of the ceramic composition can be converted from a substantially fully oxidized state to various states including at least some dopant metal particles supported on a structural oxide surface. 1. A catalyst composition comprising 0.1 wt % or more of particles of one or more dopant metals and 50 wt % to 99 wt % of one or more structural oxides , the one or more dopant metals corresponding to dopant metal oxides having a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. that is greater than a Gibbs free energy of formation at 800° C. for the one or more structural oxides by 200 kJ/mol or more , the particles of the one or more dopant metals being supported on a surface of the catalyst composition , the particles of the one or more dopant metals having an average characteristic length of 10 μm or less.2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises a monolith having a cell density of 50 cells per square inch to 900 cells per square inch claim 1 , or wherein the catalyst composition comprises a monolith having a cell density of more than 900 cells per square inch.3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more structural oxides comprise 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of free silica claim 1 , relative to a weight of the catalyst composition.4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more structural oxides comprise at ...

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthesis Gas

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure claim 1 , preferably greater than full vacuum and less than 600 psig claim 1 , more preferably between atmospheric pressure and 100 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas composition has a H2:CO ratio from about 0.5 to about 1.5 claim 1 , preferably about 0.8 to about 1.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous fuel material comprises biomass fuel selected from wood chips claim 1 , railway tie chips claim 1 , waste wood claim 1 , forestry waste claim 1 , sewage sludge claim 1 , pet coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) claim 1 , Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) claim 1 , or any combination.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the biomass fuel is formed by a chipping claim 4 , shredding claim 4 , extrusion claim 4 , mechanical processing claim 4 , compacting claim 4 , pelletizing claim 4 , granulating claim 4 , or crushing process.6. The process of claim 4 , where the biofuel has been sprayed with claim 4 , coated with or impregnated with liquid or solid carbonaceous materials.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PDX stage temperature is greater than 1250° C. claim 1 , or greater than the ash fusion temperature to create liquid slag.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising processing and cooling the tar free syngas to be used for ...

DRY DISTILLATION GASIFICATION WASTE INCINERATION METHOD

A plurality of dry distillation furnaces (), () are provided for a single combustion furnace (). When wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace () are subjected to dry distillation to produce a combustible gas and introduce the combustible gas into the combustion furnace () to burn, control is carried out such that a temperature (Tc) in the combustion furnace () becomes a first temperature. When the temperature (Tc) in the combustion furnace () is the first temperature, the presence of the wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace () is detected, the wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace () are ignited to subject the wastes (A) to dry distillation thereby to produce a combustible gas, and the introduction of the combustible gas into the combustion furnace () is started. 1. A dry distillation gasification waste incineration method in which a plurality of dry distillation furnaces are provided for one combustion furnace , wastes held in each of the dry distillation furnaces are sequentially dry-distilled thereby to produce a combustible gas , and control is carried out such that a temperature in the combustion furnace becomes a predetermined first temperature in a case where the combustible gas is introduced into the combustion furnace and burnt , the method comprising:a step of supplying oxygen required for the dry distillation of the wastes to a first dry distillation furnace while controlling a degree of opening of a first valve provided in a first oxygen supply passage such that the temperature in the combustion furnace becomes the first temperature by the combustion of the combustible gas in the case where the combustible gas is produced by dry-distilling wastes held in the first dry distillation furnace by using the oxygen supplied to the first dry distillation furnace through the first oxygen supply passage from an oxygen supply source, and the combustible gas is introduced into the combustion furnace and burnt;a step of detecting presence of wastes in a ...

BIOSOLID TREATMENT PROCESS AND SYSTEM

A biosolids treatment system that treats human biosolids to produce thermal energy for self-consumption for the production of beneficial use products including low carbon ash, high carbon activated biochar, and Class A biosolids. The system includes a variable feed conveyor that conveys a biosolid feed into a dryer; a dryer that dries the biosolid feed to a predetermined moisture content to create one of a beneficial use products, where the predetermined moisture content is controlled by varying the speed of variable feed conveyors and a variable feed mixer; and a gasifier that converts the biosolid feed into two of the beneficial use products. 1. A biosolids treatment system that treats human biosolids to produce beneficial use products including low carbon ash , high carbon activated biochar , and Class A biosolids , the system comprising:a variable feed conveyor that conveys a biosolid feed into a dryer;a dryer that dries the biosolid feed to a predetermined moisture content to create one of a beneficial use products, wherein the predetermined moisture content is controlled by varying a speed of the variable feed conveyor; anda gasifier that converts the biosolid feed into usable thermal energy for system use and at least one of the beneficial use products.2. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the dryer creates low carbon ash and the gasifier creates high carbon activated biochar and Class A biosolids.3. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the treatment system includes a blended air intake to temper flue gas entering a dryer claim 1 , wherein the blended air controls a target temperature in the dryer.4. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the treatment system includes a fan to recirculate moist dryer exhaust to temper flue gas entering a dryer claim 1 , wherein the blended air controls a target temperature in the dryer and reduces NOx emissions.5. The biosolids treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the system is ...

CARBONACEOUS BRICKS FOR USE IN CARBON BEDS OF GASIFICATION REACTORS AND METHODS OF MAKING CARBONACEOUS BRICKS

A process for forming a carbonaceous article for use among particles in a carbonaceous bed of a thermal reactor, includes forming bricks having a material composition including carbon containing particles other than coke, and at least one of Portland cement, potassium silicate cement, and aluminum silicate cement, in an approximate weight % other than water of: 40 to 95 parts of the carbon containing particles, 0 to 20 parts of the Portland cement, 0 to 20 parts of the potassium silicate cement, and 0 to 20 parts of the aluminum silicate cement. 1. A process for forming a carbonaceous article for use among particles in a carbonaceous bed of a thermal reactor , the process comprising:forming bricks having a material composition including carbon containing particles other than coke, and at least one of Portland cement, potassium silicate cement, and aluminum silicate cement, in an approximate weight % other than water of:40 to 95 parts of the carbon containing particles,0 to 20 parts of the Portland cement,0 to 20 parts of the potassium silicate cement, and0 to 20 parts of the aluminum silicate cement.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:mixing the material composition with an amount of water to form a moldable mixture;pouring the moldable mixture into the molds of a predetermined size and shape for use in a carbonaceous bed; andallowing the moldable mixture, in the molds, to set and air dry.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the water is about 15% to 25% of the weight of the moldable mixture.4. The process of claim 2 , further including formation of the carbonaceous bed by including the steps of:removing the molded units from the molds, which are shaped to provide the units with average dimensions of about 10 cm to 25 cm across, andintroducing a quantity of the molded units into a reactor vessel to form the carbonaceous bed in which at least about 25% of the carbonaceous bed carbon content is carbon of the molded units.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein ...

METHOD AND MEMBRANE MODULE FOR THE ENERGY-EFFICIENT OXYGEN GENERATION DURING BIOMASS GASIFICATION

The invention relates to a method and a membrane module for process-integrated oxygen generation during biomass gasification, wherein the oxygen is generated at high temperature via mixed conducting ceramic membranes. It is the object of the invention to provide a possibility for energy-efficient oxygen generation in biomass gasification for increasing the efficiency of the overall process. According to the invention, the disadvantages of the prior art are remedied in that a membrane module is heated directly by the synthesis gas from the biomass gasification. However, this heating should only meet less than 20%, typically less than 10% and, under optimal conditions, only approximately 5% of the heat requirement of the membrane module. The predominant portion of the heat required to heat the fresh air is taken from the exhaust air of the membrane module through heat exchange. 17.-. (canceled)8. A method for energy-efficient oxygen generation in biomass gasification , wherein the method uses a membrane module with mixed conducting oxygen-permeable membranes for generating high purity oxygen , wherein gas exiting the membrane module is used to heat incoming fresh air , more than 50% of heat energy contained in the gas exiting the membrane module being utilized to preheat the fresh air , and wherein further heating of the fresh air to a temperature level of 800 to 900° C. is carried out by direct feeding of combustion gas or synthesis gas from the biomass gasification into a combustion space of the membrane module.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a vacuum is generated inside the mixed conducting oxygen-permeable membranes by an electromechanical or mechanical vacuum pump or by a steam ejector.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the combustion gas or synthesis gas from the biomass gasification is fed into a gas engine of a CHP plant claim 8 , and a mechanical vacuum pump is mechanically coupled to the gas engine.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the combustion gas ...

REACTOR

The present application provides a reactor for: converting feedstock material into gases; or disassociating or reforming a chemical compound; and/a a mixture to its constituent elements; and/to other chemical forms, and; finally a heating device. The reactor comprises a heating device for discharging an ionized gas into the reactor, a feedstock feeder for injecting the feedstock material into the reactor, and a shell forming a chamber that encloses a portion of the heating device and a portion of the feedstock feeder. The application also provides a method for converting hydrocarbon material into synthetic gases. The method comprises: providing the hydrocarbon material to a burner inserted into a reactor, a second step of supplying ionized gases into the reactor, and a third step of subjecting the burner to a flame of the ionized gases such that molecules of the hydrocarbon material are dissociated to forming synthetic gas.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM CARBON BASED MATERIAL

“Syngas” is produced from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding material into the system, means for combustion thereof, means for use of Syngas and means for extraction of combustion residues, combustion means comprise: a sealed combustion chamber, with temperatures of 300-600° C.; device for injection of gas into the combustion chamber; device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced/to be introduced into the combustion chamber, where the method comprises: introducing the material into a combustion chamber at a constant temperature of 300-600° C.; residence of the material therein for 5-13 hours; the residence time allowing a combustion to decompose organic molecules of the material producing Syngas, continuously drawn off, and carbonous residues; residence of the carbonous residues at the temperature for 7-13 hours with excess air; the excess air for completely incinerating the carbonous residue; and use of the Syngas and extraction of the ash produced by the above. 1. A method for producing “Syngas” from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding said material into said system , means for combustion of said material , adapted to produce Syngas , means for use of said Syngas and means for extraction of residues of said combustion , wherein said means for combustion of said material comprise:a sealed combustion chamber for decomposing the organic molecules of said carbon based material into a mixture of gases and into ash;a device for injection of gas into said combustion chamber;a device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced or to be introduced into said combustion chamber, for guaranteeing a correct sub-stoichiometric ratio for decomposition of said organic molecules,wherein said method comprises the following steps:a) introducing said material into the combustion chamber at a constant temperature between 300 and 600° C.;b) maintaining said material in said combustion chamber for a residence time of ...

Catalysts, related methods and reaction products

The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids. 1. A method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbons comprising:a) converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas;b) converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons and a water fraction wherein the water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks are selected from a group consisting of: gas-phase feedstocks; liquid-phase feedstocks; and claim 1 , solid-phase feedstocks.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acids are selected from a group consisting of: methanoic acid; ethanoic acid;propanoic acid; butanoic acid; pentanoic acid; hexanoic acid; and octanoic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a conversion catalyst is used to convert the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons and a water fraction claim 1 , and wherein the conversion catalyst comprises a substrate claim 1 , and wherein the substrate comprises a surface having a pH ranging from about 6.0 to about 8.0.5. The method ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTEGRATED WASTE STORAGE

The present invention provides integrated bunker storage systems for waste streams based on the composition and characteristics of waste streams. In particular, the present invention provides a process for generating individual waste streams based on a set of material characteristics. According to the system and method of the present invention, individual waste streams from wastes stored in bunkers are mixed in a given feed ratio to generate a feed stock that will produce a desired output from a chemical conversion process, e.g., gasification. Optionally, composition data regarding the feed stock can be certified to a third party. 165.-. (canceled)66. A system , comprising:a separation system configured for separating waste constituents of a solid waste stream, the waste constituents including plastics and fibers, the separation system comprisinga screen configured for separating the waste constituents based on size to remove oversized materials from the solid waste stream,a magnetic separator configured for removing ferrous metals from the solid waste stream,an air classifier configured for separating the waste constituents based on density, andan optical sorter configured for optically sorting the waste constituents based on type; andan engineered fuel production system, the engineered fuel production system configured for combining the waste constituents separated from the solid waste stream based on a predetermined recipe to form an engineered fuel.67. The system of claim 66 , wherein the system further comprisesa presorting station configured for sorting waste material into presorted waste constituents.68. The system of claim 67 , wherein the presorted waste constituents include ferrous claim 67 , hard plastics claim 67 , and film plastics.69. The system of claim 66 , wherein the separation system further comprisesa tipping floor configured for receiving the solid waste stream.70. The system of claim 69 , wherein the separation system further comprisesa bag ...

Process and plant for biomass treatment

Described is a plant and process for biomass treatment, where the plant is configured to actuate said process which comprises: —a step A of thermochemical treatment of transformation of a biomass into a carbonaceous solid, where this transformation involves treating the biomass at a treatment temperature of between 150° C. and 300° C. and at a treatment pressure of between 10 atm and 50 atm for 0.5-8 hours, in the presence of water, with accessory production of a treatment gas; —a step B of mixing the treatment gas with an auxiliary gas, to obtain operating gas; —a step C of thermochemical decomposition of the carbonaceous solid in an atmosphere consisting of the operating gas, where the thermochemical decomposition is suitable to obtain a combustible synthesis gas. step

Method for Gasifying Feedstock with High Yield Production of Biochar

A downdraft gasifier and method of gasification with high yield biochar that utilizes a plurality of high throughput, vertically positioned tubes to create a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone beneath the pyrolysis zone and a reduction zone beneath the oxidation zone. A rotating and vertically adjustable rotating grate is located beneath the reduction zone of the gasifier. In addition, a drying zone is located above the pyrolysis zone so the heat of the gasifier can be used to dry feedstock before it enters the gasifier. By optimizing the grate height and rpm, feedstock retention time in the drying zone, the drying zone temperature and feedstock moisture content, the result is gasification of biomass with a high yield and continuous biochar production. 1. A method of gasifying feedstock with a high yield of biochar comprising:Filling a gasifier with feedstock; said gasifier comprising a plurality of conjoined and vertically positioned tubes having an interior wall, an exterior wall, a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end provides an inlet and the distal end provides an outlet, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone and a reduction zone;Drying the feedstock;Igniting the feedstock to create an oxidation band;Injecting oxidant streams into the oxidation zone using at least two rings of plano air inlets;Moving feedstock sequentially from the drying zone through the pyrolysis zone where the feedstock begins to decompose, then through an oxidation zone where the feedstock begins to change to producer gas and then through a reduction zone where the change to producer gas is completed, the gas cools and separates from the biochar;Holding feedstock and a bed of biochar inside the gasifier using a rotating and vertically adjustable grate positioned below the reduction zone, said position of the grate forming a variably sized bypass between the grate and the reduction zone;Removing biochar through the rotating grate and the bypass;Removing ...

NEW AND IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING VARIOUS CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS

Eco-friendly systems, methods and processes/processing (EFSMP) or an integrated Matrix encompasses stand-alone and/or interconnected modules for completely self-sustained, closed-loop, emission-free processing of multiple source feedstock that can include pretreatment, with poisoning materials isolated during pretreatment being further recycled to provide useful materials such as, for example, separated metals, carbon and fullerenes for production of nano materials, sulfur, water, sulfuric acid, gas, heat and carbon dioxide for energy production, and production of refined petroleum, at a highly-reduced cost over the best state-of-the-art refining methods/systems that meets new emissions standards as well as optimizes production output with new ultra-speed cycle times. By-products from the petroleum refining process which were previously discarded also now are recycled as renewable sources of energy (water, waste oil and rubber/coal derived pyrolyic (pyrolysis) oil, carbon gases and process gases), or recyclable resources, such as metals and precious metals, oxides, minerals, etc., can be obtained. 1. A system comprising one or more matrix modules wherein the matrix modules are each configured to function together to achieve processing , separation and recovery , reforming , recycling and manufacturing and producing products , energy and feedstocks the system comprising modules adapted for receiving storage and routing of raw materials; modules adapted for processing; modules adapted for separation and recovery; modules adapted for reforming; and modules adapted for recycling and manufacturing and producing products , energy and saleable feedstocks.2. A system according to claim 1 , comprising an oil refinery module and one or more recycling and/or manufacturing modules wherein the matrix system is adapted to produce volume refined oil at a cost less than a prior art refinery.3. The matrix system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modules include: a power ...

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

Oxygen-Deficient Thermally Produced Processed Biogas from Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

A processed biogas composition made with an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in processed biogas having an energy density of at least 700 BTU/cubic ft (26 MJ/cubic meter), a carbon monoxide concentration of less than 20 vol %, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 15 vol %. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biogas composition that is renewable and comprises a gaseous carbon fuel made from biomass and with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 700 BTU/cubic ft (26 MJ/cubic meter), a carbon monoxide concentration of less than 20 vol %, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 15 vol %, andthe processed biogas is made from unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is converted into the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with a beneficiation sub-system, and to the processed biogas with an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system.2. The composition of wherein the beneficiation sub-system claim 1 , comprises:a. a transmission device configured to convey into a reaction chamber unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock comprising free water, intercellular water, intracellular water, intracellular water-soluble salts, and at least some plant cells comprising cell walls that include lignin, hemicellulose, and microfibrils within fibrils; i. a wet fibril disruption section configured to interact with at least some of the lignin and hemicellulose between the fibrils to make at least some regions of the cell wall more susceptible to penetration by water-soluble salts,', 'ii ...

PARALLEL PATH, DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER APPARATUS AND METHOD

A method for using a downdraft gasifier comprising a housing and a refractory stack contained within the housing. The refractory stack may comprise various sections. Apertures in the sections may be aligned to form multiple columnar cavities. Each columnar cavity may comprise an individual oxidation zone. The method of use may include the steps of placing a feedstock into an upper portion of the refractory stack, measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity, and adjusting the flow of oxygen to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range. 1. A method comprising: a housing,', 'a refractory stack contained within the housing and comprising a plurality of sections formed of refractory, the plurality of sections comprising a lower manifold, at least one intermediate section resting on and extending upward from the lower manifold, and an upper manifold resting on and extending upward from the at least one intermediate section, and', 'the refractory stack wherein the upper manifold and the at least one intermediate section each comprise a plurality of apertures extending vertically therethrough, the plurality of apertures of the upper manifold aligning with the plurality of apertures of the at least one intermediate section to form a plurality of columnar cavities, each extending from the upper manifold to the lower manifold and placing the upper manifold in communication with the lower manifold;, 'selecting a downdraft gasifier comprisingplacing a feedstock into the upper manifold;measuring the temperature of each columnar cavity of the plurality of columnar cavities; andadjusting the flow of at least one gas selected form the group consisting of oxygen, oxygen enriched air, and air to a particular columnar cavity to maintain the temperature of the particular columnar cavity within a particular range.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting comprises increasing the flow of the at least one ...

Micro-gasifier array networking

A collection of gasifier fueled engine systems is networked through a system of connecting pipes and valves in order to provide fast response to output power demands and to extend the range of power levels at which the system exhibits high conversion efficiency.

TWO-STAGE PLASMA PROCESS FOR CONVERTING WASTE INTO FUEL GAS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives. 1. A two-stage plasma process for converting waste having organic and inorganic components into fuel gas , which comprises:(a) in the first stage, vitrifying or melting the inorganic components of the waste and partially gasifying the organic components; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) in the second stage, completing the gasification of the organic components so that gas from the first stage of the process entering the secondary gasifier is exposed to a high temperature such as to transform essentially all soot present in the gas to CO and to convert essentially all complex organic molecules to simpler molecules CO, COand H, wherein a dust separation and removal step is provided between the first ...

Waste gasification melting apparatus and waste gasification melting method using the same

Problem to be Solved To provide a waste gasification melting apparatus which, even if a fuel gas is used as an alternative to a part of the coke, the temperature of the coke bed can be sufficiently raised, and a method using the same. Solution A waste gasification melting apparatus including an oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 for blowing oxygen rich air into a tuyere 5 , and a fuel gas supply apparatus 15 for supplying a fuel gas to the tuyere 5 , and a controller 16 for controlling the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 ; the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 mixing air and oxygen to prepare oxygen rich air and supply the oxygen rich air to the tuyere 5 ; and the controller 16 controlling the amount of air to be mixed and the amount of oxygen to be mixed in the oxygen rich air supply apparatus 14 so as to give an oxygen concentration of the oxygen rich air in accordance with the amount of fuel gas supplied to the tuyere 5 from the fuel gas supply apparatus 15.

ENTRAINED-FLOW GASIFIER AND GASIFICATION METHOD USING THE SAME FOR SYNTHESIZING SYNGAS FROM BIOMASS FUEL

A method for gasifying biomass using a gasifier, the gasifier including a furnace body and a fuel pretreatment system. The method includes 1) crushing and sieving a biomass fuel to yield particle size-qualified fuel particles, 2) exciting working gas to yield plasma, and spraying the plasma into the gasifier, 3) spraying the particle size-qualified fuel particles into the gasifier via nozzles, synchronously spraying an oxidizer via an oxygen/vapor inlet into the gasifier, and 4) monitoring the temperature and components of the syngas, regulating an oxygen flow rate, a vapor flow rate, and microwave power to maintain the process parameters within a preset range and to control a temperature of the syngas to be between 900 and 1200° C., collecting the syngas from the syngas outlet at the top of the furnace body, and discharging liquid slag from the slag outlet. 1. A method for gasifying biomass using a gasifier , the gasifier comprisinga furnace body comprising a fuel inlet, a syngas outlet and a slag outlet, the fuel inlet comprising nozzles; anda fuel pretreatment system comprising a feeding hopper; wherein:the furnace body is vertically disposed;the fuel inlet is disposed at a lower part of the furnace body;the syngas outlet is disposed at a top of the furnace body;the slag outlet is disposed at a bottom of the furnace body;the fuel pretreatment system is disposed outside of the furnace body;a bottom of the feeding hopper is connected to the furnace body via the nozzles;the nozzles are disposed radially along the furnace body; andone or two layers of microwave plasma generators are disposed in parallel at a gasification zone of the furnace body and each layer of the microwave plasma generators comprises working gas inlets;the method comprising:1) crushing and sieving a biomass fuel using the fuel pretreatment system to yield particle size-qualified fuel particles, and transporting the particle size-qualified fuel particles to the feeding hopper;2) introducing ...

Solids circulation system and method for capture and conversion of reactive solids with fluidized bed temperature control

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

Apparatuses, systems, mobile gasification systems, and methods for gasifying residual biomass

Apparatuses, systems, mobile gasification systems, and methods for gasifying residual biomass are described. An example system may include a mobile gasification system configured to gasify feedstock generated from residual biomass to provide syngas. The mobile gasification system may be configured to generate electrical power using the syngas. The mobile gasification system may be configured to be installed in a transportable structure.

Two-stage syngas production with separate char and product gas inputs into the second stage

A two-stage syngas production method to produce a final product gas from a carbonaceous material includes producing a first product gas in a first reactor, separating char from the first product gas to produce separated char and char-depleted product gas, and separately reacting the separated char and the char-depleted product gas with an oxygen-containing gas in a second reactor to produce a final product gas. The separated char is introduced into the second reactor above the char-depleted product gas. The solids separation device may include serially connected cyclones, and the separated char may be entrained in a motive fluid in an eductor to produce a char and motive fluid mixture prior to being transferred to the second reactor. A biorefinery method produces a purified product from the final product gas.

Method of producing product gas from multiple carbonaceous feedstock streams mixed with a reduced-pressure mixing gas

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

Continuous slag handling system

A system includes a slurry inlet of the gasifier that receives a feedstock slurry and a gasification section of the gasifier that gasifies the feedstock slurry to produce syngas. The system includes a quench chamber to cool the syngas produced in the gasification section using a liquid feed to produce a quench blow down and quenched syngas. The quench blow down has solids produced as a by-product from gasification. The system includes a quench blowdown outlet which discharges the quench blow down and a slag sump liquid such that the solids concentration of the quench blowdown is reduced. The system includes a syngas outlet which discharges the syngas and a syngas scrubber fluidly coupled to the syngas outlet and to the quench chamber. The syngas scrubber includes a syngas inlet, a scrubbed syngas outlet, and a scrubber blow down outlet fluidly coupled to a fluid inlet of the gasifier.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

FEEDSTOCK DELIVERY SYSTEM HAVING CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK SPLITTER AND GAS MIXING

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas. 12000201101100104104104. A feedstock delivery system () for supplying bulk carbonaceous material (B-) to an interior () of a first reactor () having a longitudinal reactor axis (AX) and a plurality of reactor feedstock inputs (A , B , C) , the feedstock delivery system comprising:{'b': 2', '1', '2', '03', '2', '01', '2', '1', '2', '01', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '07', '2', '09', '2', '11, '(a) a first splitter (B) having a splitter input (B-) through which bulk carbonaceous material (B-) is received, the first splitter (B) configured to split the received bulk carbonaceous material (B-) into a first plurality of carbonaceous material streams (B-A, B-B, B-C), each stream exiting the first splitter via a splitter output (B-, B-, B-);'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '02', '2', '02, 'claim-text': [{'b': '00', '(b1) a mixing chamber (G);'}, {'b': 1', '2', '21', '20', '19', '21', '20', '19, '(b2) a first isolation valve (VG) and a second isolation (VG ...

METHOD FOR FORMING A PLURALITY OF PLUGS OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas. 1. A method for forming a new plug of densified carbonaceous material in a cylinder already having a series of previously formed plugs pressed together , and supplying a leading plug of said series of previously formed plugs to a pressurized first reactor ,{'b': 30', '19', '2', '01', '45, 'claim-text': 'the method comprising:', 'the cylinder (D) comprising a first opening (D) through which carbonaceous material (D-) is introduced into the cylinder, and a first output (D) through which the leading plug is supplied to the pressurized first reactor;'}{'b': '19', '(a) introducing, via the first opening (D), a quantity of carbonaceous material having a density of 4 pounds per cubic foot to 50 pounds per cubic foot;'}(b) while said plurality of previously formed plugs are prevented from advancing within the cylinder, compressing said carbonaceous material (D+1) against a nearest plug of said plurality of previously formed plugs, to thereby form a new plug against said plurality of previously formed ...