ОБОГАЩЕННЫЕ ВИТАЛЬНЫМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ И/ИЛИ ЗАЩИТНЫМИ ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ ТРОПОСФЕРНЫЕ ОБЪЕМНЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ

Изобретение относится к обогащенным витальными ("жизненными") элементами и/или защитными веществами тропосферным объемным объектам, способам их получения и применения. Тропосферные объемные объекты в виде содержащих вредные вещества облаков, способных образоваться в результате аварий различного оборудования, обогащены защитными веществами, которые способны предотвратить попадание радиоактивных элементов в организмы, минимизировать расширение областей, накрываемых такими облаками, неся дополнительно при этом предупредительную и сигнальную функции. Для обогащенных тропосферных объемных объектов характерны многие положительные эффекты, важнейшими из которых являются: уменьшение парникового эффекта и стабилизация климатических условий, увеличение производства продуктов питания, производство гидрометана и керогена как энергоносителей будущего, снижение содержания вредных веществ в окружающем воздухе, увеличение количества осадков, уменьшение числа несчастных случаев и жертв, особенно, при авариях ...

СПОСОБ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УЛУЧШЕННОГО СГОРАНИЯ С УЧАСТИЕМ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: peroxide or peroxo-compositions in amount of 10-80 % by volume are introduced in the composition. The composition is introduced separately from fuel. EFFECT: improved combustion. 2 cl, 2 dwg 95014 0сС ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) ВИ “” 2 027 036. (51) МПК 13) Сл Е 02 В 47/00 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 4614258/06, 12.05.1989 (46) Дата публикации: 20.01.1995 (56) Ссылки: Заявка Франции М 2406723, кл. Е 02В 47/100, опублик. 1979. (71) Заявитель: Арне Линдстрем[5Е] (72) Изобретатель: Арне Линдстрем[3Е] (73) Патентообладатель: Арне Линдстрем[5Е] (54) СПОСОБ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УЛУЧШЕННОГО СГОРАНИЯ С УЧАСТИЕМ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ (57) Реферат: Использование: в двигателях внутреннего сгорания, в частности в способе обеспечения улучшенного сгорания топлив с участием углеводородных — соединений. Сущность изобретения: в способе предусматривается введение в композицию 10-80 об. % перекиси или пероксо-соединения. Композицию вводят отдельно от топлива. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл. 2027036 С1 КО 95014 0сС ПЧ Го (19) 13) ВО "” 2027 036 ' (51) 1пЁ. С1.6 Е О2 В 47/00 СЛ КУЗЗАМ АСЕМСУ ГОК РАТЕМТ$ АМО ТКАОЕМАКК$ 12) АВЗТКАСТ ОЕ 1МУЕМТОМ (21), (22) АррИсаНоп: 4614258/06, 12.05.1989 (71) АррисапЕ Аге ПИпазгет[эЕ] (46) Бае ог ричбИсаНоп: 20.01.1995 (72) пуетог. —Аге Ипазгет[3 Е] (73) Ргорпеюг: Аге Гта$гет[5Е] (54) МЕТНОО ОЕ 1МРКОММС СОМВИУЗТЮМ МЛТН НУОКОСАКВОМ СОМРОЗГОМ$ (57) АБзГасЕ: сотрозНоп. Тйе сотрозШНоп 15 ИмМгодисеяа НЕГО: епдте епдтеегпа. ЗУВЗТАМСЕ: зерага=у Пот Ше. ЕРЕЕСТ: тргоуеа регохае ог регохо-сотрозШопз т атомипе о сотризНоп. 2 с|, 2 4\м9а 10-80 % ру усцуте аге шгодуисеа т Ше -2- 2027036 С1 КО 95014 0Сс ПЧ ГЭ Изобретение относится к способу и жидкой композиции для инициирования и оптимизации сжигания углеводородных соединений и снижения концентрации вредных соединений в выхлопных газах и выбросах, где жидкую КОМПОЗИЦИЮ, содержащую пероксид или пероксо-соединение, ...

СНИЖЕНИЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВА УГЛЕРОДА В ЗОЛА-УНОСЕ ОТ СЖИГАНИЯ УГЛЯ ПУТЕМ ДОБАВКИ К УГЛЮ МАРГАНЦА

Bio-catalyst additive for liquid hydrocarbon fuels

The biocatalyst additive for liquid hydrocarbon fuels and coal slurry fuel comprises: (a) essential trace elements either as dissolved complexes or as dissolved salts of organic acids or as dispersed and stabilised salts of (in)organic acid; (b) oxygen; (c) non-poisonous natural surface-active agents as emulsifier, solvent promoter, complex former, stabiliser, and coupler, e.g. for metal salts and organic acids; (d) natural materials, which act in small traces as reaction releaser; (e) natural component suitable for purifying engages and firing devices; (f) components which deacidify soils; and (g) natural non-poisonous components whose non-poisonous combustion products compete with ozone killers in the atmosphere and thus protect the ozone layer.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Additivs und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungsmotors, einer Turbine und eines Strahltriebwerks

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Additivs für die Verbrennungsluft eines Verbrennungsmotors, einer Turbine und eines Strahltriebwerks beschrieben. Ferner wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungsmotors, einer Turbine und eines Strahltriebwerks erläutert, wobei der Verbrennungsluft des Motors ein Additiv zugesetzt wird. Mit dem Additiv, bei dem es sich um auf spezielle Weise behandeltes Wasser handelt, wird eine Kraftstoffersparnis sowie eine Verringerung der Abgasemissionen erzielt.

Improvements in and relating to fuel for use in internal combustion engines

... 259,314. Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ltd., and Kewley, J. July 10, 1925. Motor spirit is prevented from knocking by addition of nickel carbonyl. For example 3 lb. of carbonyl is mixed with 997 lb. of kerosene or gasolene. The prior use of iron carbonyl is referred to.

OIL COMPOSITIONS AND ADDITIVES

Fuel for advance vapour phase combustion.

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel and gasoline combustion engines. The fuel comprises EHS (Enhanced Combustion Structure) compounds and a combustion-improving amount of fuel soluble metallic compounds of high heating value. The EHS compounds have a latent heat of evaporation of at least 21 kJ/mol at boiling point and a laminar Bunsen flame velocity of at least 40 cm/sec. The combustion-improving fuel of soluble metallic compounds has a heating value of at least 5000 Kcal/kg ...

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Unleaded mmt fuel compositions

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methylsobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

PROCEDURE AND COMPOSITION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE BURNING OR FUEL BURN

PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE NON--CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF THE EMISSION OF POLLUTANTS FROM OIL-BEACONED BOILER PLANTS

METHOD FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE POLLUTANT OUTPUT FROM A WITH A CASE OF PARTICLE PROVIDED DIESEL ENGINE

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

Catalyzed chemical process to be employed in reciprocating internal combustion engines

WATER BASED FIRESIDE ADDITIVE

UNLEADED MMT FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, relates to fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure.

Treibstoff.

Verfahren zum Vermindern störender Wirkungen von Verbrennungsprodukten.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR IMPROVING FUEL COMBUSTION

Liquid fuel

Containing hydrocarbon composition

SIMULTANEOUS REDUCTION OF NOX AND CARBON IN ASHES USING MANGANESE IN COAL BURNERS

Aditivo y método para reducir de manera simultánea tanto el carbono en las cenizas como los niveles de producción de NOx, provenientes de la combustión de carbón mediante el uso de por lo menos un aditivo que contiene manganeso. El uso de un aditivo que contiene manganeso en un horno de uso general que quema carbón hace que baje el contenido de carbono en las cenizas y también hace que disminuya la emisión de NOx.

VAPOR PHASE COMBUSTION METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS

Method of reduced temperature metallic vapor phase combustion for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, it relates to methods and composition of metal-containing fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure capable of increasing combustion burning velocity and reducing combustion temperature.

Lowering the amount of carbon in fly ash from burning coal by a manganese additive to the coal

An improved lubricating composition suitable for diesel engines comprising a major amount of at least one oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of an alkylamine-alkylphosphate additive. The alkylamine-alkylphosphate additive comprises from at least 1.25 equivalents of alkylamine to 1.0 equivalents of alkylphosphate.

VAPOR PHASE COMBUSTION METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS

Method of reduced temperature metallic vapor phase combustion for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, it relates to methods and composition of metal-containing fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure capable of increasing combustion burning velocity and reducing combustion temperature.

ПОЛНОСТЬЮ СГОРАЮЩЕЕ ДИЗЕЛЬНОЕ ТОПЛИВО

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: described is improved Diesel fuel based on mixture of biodiesel and superlow-sulfureous Diesel fuel, in particular with additive to fuel, containing concentrate of catalyst in fuel (FBC). Catalyst will contain preferably platinum and/or cerium and/or iron, and superlow-sulfureous Diesel fuel will preferably contain less than 10% of aromatic compounds. Biodiesel is usually used in amount of about 20% of mixture. ^ EFFECT: obtaining completely burning Diesel fuel. ^ 9 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 360 950 (13) C2 (51) МПК C10L 1/10 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2007129119/04, 19.01.2006 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 19.01.2006 (73) Патентообладатель(и): КЛИН ДИЗЕЛЬ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ИНК. (US) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.02.2009 2 3 6 0 9 5 0 (45) Опубликовано: 10.07.2009 Бюл. № 19 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 02/10317 A1, 07.02.2002. US 2004/0098905 A1, 27.05.2004. WO 2004/065529 A, 05.08.2004. US 6136048 A, 24.10.2000. WO 97/44414 A1, 27.11.1997. 2 3 6 0 9 5 0 R U (86) Заявка PCT: US 2006/001814 (19.01.2006) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата перевода заявки PCT на национальную фазу: 20.08.2007 (87) Публикация PCT: WO 2006/078763 (27.07.2006) Адрес для переписки: 101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 4, "Агентство Ермакова, Столярова и Партнеры", пат.пов. Е.А.Ермаковой (54) ПОЛНОСТЬЮ СГОРАЮЩЕЕ ДИЗЕЛЬНОЕ ТОПЛИВО (57) Реферат: Описано улучшенное дизельное топливо, основанное на смеси биодизеля и сверхнизкосернистого дизельного топлива, в частности с добавкой к топливу, содержащей концентрат катализатора в топливе (FBC). Катализатор будет содержать предпочтительно платину, и/или церий, и/или железо, а сверхнизкосернистое дизельное топливо будет предпочтительно содержать менее 10% ароматических соединений. Биодизель обычно используется в объеме около 20% от смеси. Технический ...

СПОСОБ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОГО СНИЖЕНИЯ КОЛИЧЕСТВА NOx, CO И УГЛЕРОДА В ЗОЛЕ И ПРИСАДКА К УГЛЮ

Изобретение относится к способам одновременного снижения образования NOx, СО и углерода при сгорании топлива, содержащего уголь, путем прибавления эффективного количества соединения марганца. Способ включает соединение угля и присадки, которая содержит марганецсодержащее соединение с образованием их смеси, сжигание указанной смеси в камере горения. Марганецсодержащее соединение присутствует в эффективном количестве для снижения количества NOx, СО и углерода в летучей золе, образующихся в результате сгорания угля в камере горения. Изобретение также относится к присадке к углю для применения при снижении количества углерода и количества NOx, образующихся в результате сгорания угля. Присадка содержит соединение марганца, которое добавляют к углю в количестве от 1 до 500 ч/мин в расчете на уголь. Также изобретение относится к способу стабилизации горения угля в присутствии марганецсодержащей присадки. Причем количество углерода и NOx в летучей золе снижено относительно их количеств, образующихся ...

Verfahren zur photochemischen Herstellung von Derivaten von Metallcarbonylen

STABILIZATION OF METAL CARBONYLS

... 1413559 Stabilizing metal carbonyls J O B OSTERGREN and K H REISINGER 25 April 1973 [25 April 1972] 19688/73 Heading C1A Solutions of iron, nickel or cobalt carbonyl in hydrocarbon solutions are stabilized by the addition of an organic compound containing aluminium bonded directly to carbon and/or oxygen. The aluminium containing compound is preferably the reaction product of an aluminium alkoxide with an organic compound whose functional group consists of carbonyl groups or whose functional group includes at least one acidic methylene group. The solution may also contain a salt of manganese or cobalt. The Al-containing compound is added to the metal carbonyl solution in an amount of 1 part of Al to 50-200 parts of metal in the metal carbonyl. A salt of Mn or Co may also be added in an amount of up to 0À04 g of metal per litre of solution.

Improvements in or relating to the Control of Corrosion and Deposits in Ducts for Combustion Products.

... 1,175,203. Fuels. HOUSEMAN & THOMPSON Ltd. 14 March, 1967 [30 March, 1966], No. 13970/66. Heading C5G. [Also in Divisions F1 and F4] Iron compounds such as dicyclopenta dienyl iron, pentacarbonyl iron, iron phenate or iron cresylate are made into fuel oil containing concentrates containing an amount of iron from 120 p.p.m. to 100 gms./litre, and the concentrate is added to fuel oil at a rate of 0À05 to 0À75 litres/tin. The iron reduces corrosion by inhibiting endothermic reduction actions.

PROCEDURE FUER AN IMPROVED BURN DURING BURN PROCESSES, THE HYDROCARBONS USING.

Simultaneous reduction of NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners

Method and Composition for Improving Fuel Combustion

1. Technical Result Improvement of fuel combustion. 2. Essence A method comprises adding to the fuel one or more catalyst or combustion enhancer at a con¬cent¬ration preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 100 million parts fuel. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylke¬tone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alco¬hol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds. 3.Field of Application Chemical technology.

СПОСІБ ГОРІННЯ ПАЛЬНОГО (ВАРІАНТИ) ТА КОМПОЗИЦІЯ ПАЛЬНОГО (ВАРІАНТИ)

Спосіб покращення горіння пального шляхом додавання каталізатора або підсилюючого горіння агента в надзвичайно низькій концентрації, переважно в діапазоні від 1 частини на 200 мільйонів частин пального до 1 частини на 6 трильйонів частин пального. Каталізатор або підсилюючий агент вибирають з великого переліку розчинних сполук. Спосіб включає змішування каталізатора або підсилюючого агента з придатним розчинником, а згодом подальше розведення з використанням розчинників або пального. Придатними розчинниками є вода, МТВЕ, метилкетон, метилізобутилкетон, бутанол, ізопропіловий спирт та інші гідрофільно/олеофільні сполуки.

Anti-knock agent for fuels

Driving fuel

METHOD AND COMPOSITION TO IMPROVE THE COMBUSTION OF FUELS

Un método para mejorar la combustión de un combustible por agregado de un catalizador o mejorador de combustión a una concentración extremadamente baja, con preferencia en el rango comprendido entre 1 parte de catalizador por 200 millones de partes de combustible y 1 parte de catalizador por 6 billones de partes de combustible. El catalizador o mejorador de combustión puede seleccionarse entre una amplia variedad de compuestos solubles. El método puede comprender los pasos de un mezclado inicial del catalizador o mejorador de combustión con un solvente apropiado y luego posteriores pasos de dilución utilizando solventes o combustible. Los solventes apropiados incluyen al agua, MTBE, metiletilcetona, metilisobutilcetona, butanol, alcohol isopropílico y otros compuestos hidrofílicos/oleofílicos.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION TO IMPROVE THE COMBUSTION OF FUELS

Un método para mejorar la combustion de un combustible por agregado de un catalizador o mejorador de combustion a una concentracion extremadamente baja, con preferencia en el rango comprendido entre 1 parte de catalizador por cada 200 millones de partes de combustible y 1 parte de catalizador por cada 6 billones de partes de combustible. El catalizador o mejorador de combustion puede seleccionarse entre una amplia variedad de compuestos solubles. El método puede comprender las etapas de un mezclado inicial del catalizador o mejorador de combustion con un solvente apropiado y luego posteriores etapas de dilucion utilizando solventes o combustible. Los solventes apropiados incluyen al agua, MTBE, metiletilcetona, metilisobutilcetona, butanol, alcohol isopropílico y otros compuestos hidrofílicos/oleofílicos.

METHOD FOR IMPARTING ANTI-STATIC CHARACTERISTICS TO NON-CONDUCTIVE FLUIDS

A method for imparting anti-static characteristics to fuel is provided, the method comprising supplying a hydrocarbon fuel and mixing the fuel with an ion, contained in an inorganic compound, to reduce the electrical resistance of the fuel.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR THE PREVENTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION DUE TO ALKALI SULFATES AND ALKALI CHLORIDES

An additive to a flame reaction is provided which forms noncorrosive deposits on cooler metal surfaces which are more stable than Na2SO4 or K2SO4. The additive preferentially combines with the sodium or potassium, and sulfates of these will not be formed. By adding tungsten to the flame, a complex sodium tungstate is produced on the surface of the cooler metal object in a dense form and corrosion is inhibited. Deposition appears to closely reflect the relative thermodynamic stabilities of these salts and follows the order Na2WO4>Na2SO4>NaCl>Na2CO3. The flame sulfur or chlorine do not remain on the surface in association with the alkali metal. Tungsten can be added in any form desired to the combustion system. The flame processes all chemical tungsten precursors as equivalent sources of tungsten. Suitable salts that are readily available are ammonium metatungstate, paratungstate, or tungstate, tungsten hexacarbonyl, tungsten oxides, tungstic acid or any organo-tungsten compound. The level ...

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst and lightly catalyzed diesel oxidation catalyst

An improved diesel operation system employs a lightly diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), preferably with a platinum containing fuel borne catalyst (FBC) in the fuel. The DOC is at least partially lightly catalyzed with precious metal catalyst, e.g., platinum group metal, having a metal loading of from about 3 to 15 grams per cubic foot to minimize formation of NO2 in the exhaust gas. Preferred fuel borne catalyst levels will be low, e.g., from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm for platinum and 3 to 8 ppm for cerium and/or iron, thereby providing effective engine out emissions reductions without discharging excessive amounts of metal catalysts or NO2 to the atmosphere.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR IMPROVING FUEL COMBUSTION

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Поглотители марганца, минимизирующие снижение октанового числа авиационных бензинов

FIELD: aviation; aviation gasolines. SUBSTANCE: composition of aviation gasoline contains fuel based on aviation gasoline, manganese, an anti-detonation component, and a component, which is a manganese absorber, wherein the specified component, which is the manganese absorber, contains molecules consisting of a central atom and fragments attached to the central atom, where the central atom is phosphorus; fragments attached to the central atom are electron acceptor fragments selected from a group consisting of electron-deficient atoms and electron-deficient functional groups, wherein an electron acceptor fragment includes a substituted aryl group that is directly attached to the central atom, and a substituent in the aryl group is fluorine. EFFECT: providing a manganese absorber, when using which clogging of spark plugs and manganese deposition are prevented or reduced, as well as the octane number of aviation gasolines is not reduced. 7 cl, 9 tbl, 17 ex

ПОЛНОСТЬЮ СГОРАЮЩЕЕ ДИЗЕЛЬНОЕ ТОПЛИВО

... 1. Улучшенная смесь дизельного топлива, включающая биодизель и сверхнизкосернистое дизельное топливо с низким содержанием ароматических соединений, в частности с добавкой к топливу, содержащей концентрат катализатора в топливе (FBC). 2. Смесь по п.1, в которой катализатор в топливе (FBC) содержит платину и/или железо, и/или церий. 3. Смесь по п.1, содержащая от 15 до 25% биодизеля. 4. Смесь по п.1, в которой компонент сверхнизкосернистого дизельного топлива с низким содержанием ароматических соединений содержит менее 10% объема ароматических веществ.

Поглотители марганца, минимирующие снижение октанового числа авиационных бензинов

Treibstoff fuer Vergasermotoren auf Benzinbasis

Brennstoffe und Rauchgemische zur Klimakühlung und Vorrichtungen zur Herstellung eines solchen Rauchgemisches

Low-Emissions Diesel Fuel Blend

A low-emissions diesel fuel comprises a catalyzed blend of fatty acid esters, preferably derived from soybean oil and/or tallow and aviation kerosene. The catalyzed blend is effective in lowering regulated emission pollutants, among which are NO x , particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The catalyst will comprise fuel-soluble platinum and/or cerium or iron. The cerium or iron are typically employed at concentrations of from 2 to 25 ppm and the platinum from 0.05 to 2 ppm, with preferred levels of cerium of iron being from 5 to 10 ppm, e.g., 7.5 ppm, and the platinum being employed at a level of from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., 0.15 ppm. A preferred ratio of cerium and/or iron to platinum is from 75:1 to 10:1. The jet fuel component will typically be employed at a volume ratio to the fatty acid esters of from about 2:1 to about 5:1, e.g., about 4:1. The full range of blends extends from 50:1 to 1:50 with some benefit. The jet fuel component of the blend preferably contains grade 55, ...

Fuel compositions

A fuel composition for spark inition I.C. engines comprises (a) a major proportion of a gasoline hydrocarbon base having a Research Octane Number of at least 90, (b) an antiknock agent selected from tetraalkyl lead compounds (several specified), cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tris - (acetyl acetonate) iron-III, nickel 2 - ethylhexyl salicylate, bis - (N - butyl salicylaldimine) nickel, or vanadium acetyl acetonate, with certain concentration provisos, and (c) less than 2% by volume of a coantiknock agent of formula where R1 and R2 are each C1-8 alkyl or alkoxy' or C1-15 cycloalkyl or arylalkyl, R3 and R4 are each hydrogen or as defined for R1 and R2, n is 0 or an integer from 1-8, x is an integer from 1-5, and R5 and R6 are hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl, providing that if n = 0, x = 1, and R3 = H, R4 is not H; and optionally (d) a co-antiknock extender which is an alcohol or ether of formula R-O-R1, where R is aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or C1-7 alkyl ...

A method for preventing the knocking of motor fuel

... 277,326. Elkington, H. D., (Avenarius, Geb.). Sept. 6, 1927. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Sept. 8, 1927]. Motor spirit such as petrol or benzine is prevented from knocking by the addition of 0.3-0.5 per cent of an ester or esters of high molecular weight, e.g. 0.5 per cent of olive or castor or other vegetable oil, triolein or other glycerine ester of oleic acid, or ethyl or methyl oleate. Esters of unsaturated acids may first be treated with oxygen or ozone. Other anti-knocking agents may also be added. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) describes also the use of a. carboxylic acid or acids of high molecular weight, e.g. oleic, palmitic, stearic, elaidic, ricinoleic, linoleic, cerotic, myristic, and lauric acids, the corresponding esters, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, anhydrides, or other derivatives, or the acids or derivatives after treatment with halogens, nitrogen, oxygen, or ozone, alone or mixed. This subject-matter ...

ENTERPRISE PARTICLE EMISSION BY USE OF METAL FUEL ADDITIVE OF GROUP OF PLATINUM AND FLOW OXIDATION CATALYST, REDUCED BY DIESEL ENGINES WITH

Low smoke composition and firefighter training process

DISTILLATE/ALCOHOL EMULSIONS

Unleaded mmt fuel compositions

REDUCED-EMISSIONS COMBUSTION UTILIZING MULTIPLE-COMPONENT METALLIC COMBUSTION CATALYST

Residual fuels, as well as lighter distillate fuels, are combusted with greater efficiency by utilizing low concentrations of specific bimetallic or trimetallic fuel-borne catalysts. The catalysts reduce fouling of heat transfer surfaces by unburned carbon while limiting the amount of secondary additive ash which may itself cause overloading of particulate collector devices or emissions of toxic ultra fine particles when used in forms and quantities typically employed. By utilizing a fuel containing a fuel-soluble catalyst comprised of platinum and at least one additional metal comprising cerium and/or iron, production of pollutants of the type generated by incomplete combustion is reduced. Ultra low levels of nontoxic metal combustion catalysts are able to be employed for improved heat recovery and lower emissions of regulated pollutants.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCT

A process for producing combustible product from an organic or biomass feedstock, the process comprising: mixing the feedstock with an alkaline material to give an alkaline aqueous mixture; heating the mixture by ohmic heating to a temperature in the range of about 280°C to about 320°C and reacting the mixture under subcritical conditions at the said temperature range and a pressure of about 6.6 to about 11.6 MPa (65 bar gauge to about 115 bar gauge); and removing at least some of the water to leave a combustible product, which may be used to form an aqueous slurry, suspension or emulsion and combusted in a suitable engine.

MANGANESE SCAVENGERS THAT MINIMIZE OCTANE LOSS IN AVIATION GASOLINES

Aviation gasolines and additives may have manganese-containing anti-knock components. The scavengers herein mitigate the possible deleterious effects from using the manganese-containing anti-knock. The scavengers include molecules with a central atom of a Group 15 element other than nitrogen. Entities that are attached to the central atom are electron withdrawing entities including electron deficient atoms and electron deficient functional groups.

REDUCED-EMISSIONS COMBUSTION UTILIZING MULTIPLE-COMPONENT METALLIC COMBUSTION CATALYST AND LIGHTLY CATALYZED DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYST

UNLEADED MMT FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, relates t o fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure.

Additional substances for fuels

Improvements with the fuels for engines

METHOD FOR REDUCING HARMFUL EMISSIONS FROM A DIESEL ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH A PARTICULATE TRAP

A method to improve the operation of a diesel trap through the use of a fuel additive comprising fuel-soluble compositions of platinum group metal in effective amounts to lower the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from the trap. The catalyst is selective and reduces the oxidation of SO2 to SO3. The platinum group metal compositions are preferably added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm). Lithium and/or sodium compositions can be used in amounts effective to reduce the trap regeneration temperature, e.g. concentrations to provide about 1 to 100 ppm lithium metal, and/or 1 to 30 ppm sodium metal.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНОГО МЕТАЛЛОСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ГОРЕНИЯ С БОЛЕЕ НИЗКИМИ ВЫБРОСАМИ

ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2007 129 120 (13) A (51) ÌÏÊ C10L 1/30 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÇÀßÂÊÀ ÍÀ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈÅ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2007129120/04, 19.01.2006 (71) Çà âèòåëü(è): ÊËÈÍ ÄÈÇÅËÜ ÒÅÊÍÎËÎÄÆÈÇ, ÈÍÊ. (US) (30) Êîíâåíöèîííûé ïðèîðèòåò: 19.01.2005 US 11/038371 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 27.02.2009 Áþë. ¹ 6 (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 2006/078764 (27.07.2006) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 101990, Ìîñêâà, Ïåòðîâåðèãñêèé ïåð., 4, "Àãåíòñòâî Åðìàêîâà, Ñòîë ðîâà è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Å.À.Åðìàêîâîé R U ÄËß ÃÎÐÅÍÈß Ñ ÁÎËÅÅ ÍÈÇÊÈÌÈ ÂÛÁÐÎÑÀÌÈ (57) Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Äèçåëüíîå òîïëèâî, ñíàáæàþùåå ýíåðãèåé äèçåëüíûå äâèãàòåëè, ñî ñíèæåííûì âûáðîñîì ÷àñòèö áåç íåîáõîäèìîñòè èñïîëüçîâàíè óñòðîéñòâ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé îáðàáîòêè, âêëþ÷àþùåå îñíîâíîå òîïëèâî ñ äèñòèëë òîì; è òîïëèâíûé êàòàëèçàòîð, ñîñòî ùèé èç ïëàòèíû è öåðè è/èëè æåëåçà, ãäå ïëàòèíà èñïîëüçóåòñ â êîíöåíòðàöèè îò 0,05 äî 0,5 ÷/ì, à óðîâåíü ñîäåðæàíè öåðè è/èëè æåëåçà ñîñòàâë åò 0.5-10 ÷/ì. 2. Òîïëèâî ïî ï.1, ñîäåðæàùåå ìåíåå 15 ÷/ì ñåðû. 3. Òîïëèâî ïî ï.1, â êîòîðîì îáùà êîíöåíòðàöè öåðè è/èëè æåëåçà ñîñòàâë åò 3-8 ÷/ì. 4. Òîïëèâî ïî ï.1, ñîñòî ùåå èç îñíîâíîãî òîïëèâà, âûáðàííîãî èç ãðóïïû, ñîñòî ùåé èç äèçåëüíîãî òîïëèâà ñî ñâåðõíèçêèì ñîäåðæàíèåì, äèçåëüíîãî òîïëèâà ¹1, äèçåëüíîãî òîïëèâà ¹2, ðåàêòèâíîãî òîïëèâà, áèîòîïëèâà, ñîäåðæàùåãî ñëîæíûå ýôèðû æèðíûõ êèñëîò, ïîëó÷åííûõ èç òðèãëèöåðèäîâ, è ñìåñè äâóõ èëè áîëåå èç íèõ. 5. Ñïîñîá ñîêðàùåíè âûáðîñà ÷àñòèö, óãëåâîäîðîäîâ è îêèñåé óãëåðîäà íåïîñðåäñòâåííî èç äèçåëüíîãî äâèãàòåë äî ïîïàäàíè â îêèñëèòåëü èëè ñàæåâûé ôèëüòð, âêëþ÷àþùèé äîáàâëåíèå â äèçåëüíîå òîïëèâî ñïëàâà ðàñòâîðèìûõ â òîïëèâå ìåòàëëîâ ïëàòèíîâîé ãðóïïû è êàê ìèíèìóì åùå îäíîãî êàòàëèòè÷åñêîãî âåùåñòâà, ñîñòî ùåãî èç ðàñòâîðèìûõ â òîïëèâå ñïëàâîâ öåðè , äë ñíèæåíè âûáðîñîâ ÷àñòèö, íåñãîðåâøèõ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ è Ñòðàíèöà: 1 RU A 2 0 0 7 1 2 9 1 2 0 A (54) ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÌÍÎÃÎÊÎÌÏÎÍÅÍÒÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÒÀËËÎÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÙÅÃÎ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÀÒÎÐÀ 2 0 0 7 1 2 9 ...

ОБОГАЩЕННЫЕ ВИТАЛЬНЫМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ И/ИЛИ ЗАЩИТНЫМИ ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ ТРОПОСФЕРНЫЕ ОБЪЕМНЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ

... 1. Тропосферный объемный объект, отличающийся элементарным и вещественным составом от ныне существующих объектов за счет его обогащения, по меньшей мере, одним витальным элементом (существенный элемент жизнеобеспечения) и/или, по меньшей мере, одним защитным веществом. 2. Тропосферный объемный объект по п.1, отличающийся тем, что содержит повышенную концентрацию, по меньшей мере, одного защитного вещества из группы, содержащей образователи гидроксильных радикалов, пигменты, сорбенты, адсорбенты, хемосорбенты, абсорбенты, пигменты, водные растворы, вещества, обладающие резким запахом, раздражающие кожу вещества, вещества, обладающие отвратительным вкусом, туманообразователи, гигроскопичные вещества, йодсодержащие вещества. 3. Тропосферный объемный объект по п.1, отличающийся тем, что он содержит повышенную концентрацию, по меньшей мере, одного защитного вещества и/или, по меньшей мере, одного витального элемента из группы, состоящей из железо- и титансодержащих соединений. 4. Тропосферный ...

ОДНОВРЕМЕННОЕ СНИЖЕНИЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВА NOX, CO И УГЛЕРОДА В ЗОЛЕ И ПРИСАДКА К УГЛЮ

... 1. Способ снижения как количества углерода в летучей золе, так и количества NOx, образующихся в результате сгорания угля, включающий соединение угля и присадки, которая содержит марганецсодержащее соединение с образованием их смеси; сжигание указанной смеси в камере горения; марганецсодержащее соединение присутствует в количестве, эффективном для снижения как количества углерода в летучей золе, так и количества NOx, образующихся в результате сгорания угля в камере горения. 2. Способ по п.1, где соединение марганца является металлоорганическим соединением. 3. Способ по п.2, где органическая часть металлоорганического соединения является производной от вещества, выбранного из группы, состоящей из спиртов, альдегидов, кетонов, сложных эфиров, ангидридов, сульфонатов, фосфонатов, нафтенатов, хелатов, фенолятов, краун-эфиров, карбоновых кислот, амидов, ацетилацетонатов и их смесей. 4. Способ по п.2, где металлоорганическое соединение включает в себя трикарбонилметилциклопентадиенилмарганец.

Use

Improvements in the manufacture and production of liquid fuels

Iron carbonyl is added to liquid fuels to prevent "knocking." In an example, 0.1 -1.0 per cent of carbonyl is dissolved in alcohols, in gasoline or other hydrocarbon, or in a mixture. The carbonyl may be produced simultaneously with the fuel, e.g. by supplementing the process described in Specification 20488/13, [Class 55 (ii), Gas manufacture &c.], by passing the reaction gases containing carbon-monoxide over finely divided iron after they have been in contact with the catalyst.

USE OF METAL TO PREVENT SPARK PLUGS FOULING FROM IRON

FUEL SYSTEM DETERGENT

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR THE PREVENTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION DUE TO ALKALI SULFATES AND ALKALI CHLORIDES

An additive to a flame reaction is provided which forms noncorrosive deposits on cooler metal surfaces which are more stable than Na2SO4 or K2SO4. The additive preferentially combines with the sodium or potassium, and sulfates of these will not be formed. By adding tungsten to the flame, a complex sodium tungstate is produced on the surface of the cooler metal object in a dense form and corrosion is inhibited. Deposition appears to closely reflect the relative thermodynamic stabilities of these salts and follows the order Na2WO4>Na2SO4>NaCl>Na2CO3. The flame sulfur or chlorine do not remain on the surface in association with the alkali metal. Tungsten can be added in any form desired to the combustion system. The flame processes all chemical tungsten precursors as equivalent sources of tungsten. Suitable salts that are readily available are ammonium metatungstate, paratungstate, or tungstate, tungsten hexacarbonyl, tungsten oxides, tungstic acid or any organo-tungsten compound. The level ...

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR THE PREVENTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION DUE TO ALKALI SULFATES AND ALKALI CHLORIDES

An additive to a flame reaction is provided which forms noncorrosive deposits on cooler metal surfaces which are more stable than Na2SO4 or K2SO4. The additive preferentially combines with the sodium or potassium, and sulfates of these will not be formed. By adding tungsten to the flame, a complex sodium tungstate is produced on the surface of the cooler metal object in a dense form and corrosion is inhibited. Deposition appears to closely reflect the relative thermodynamic stabilities of these salts and follows the order Na2WO4 > Na2SO4 > NaCl > Na2CO3. The flame sulfur or chlorine do not remain on the surface in association with the alkali metal. Tungsten can be added in any form desired to the combustion system. The flame processes all chemical tungsten precursors as equivalent sources of tungsten. Suitable salts that are readily available are ammonium metatungstate, paratungstate, or tungstate, tungsten hexacarbonyl, tungsten oxides, tungstic acid or any organo- tungsten compound. The ...

HYDROCARBON MARINE FUEL OIL

A liquid hydrocarbon marine fuel oil comprises a marine distillate fuel or a heavy fuel oil or a blend thereof containing an additive combination comprising: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate and/or sulfonate detergent, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

PLATINUM METAL FUEL ADDITIVE FOR WATER-CONTAINING FUELS

Cette invention se rapporte à des additifs de carburant à base de métaux du groupe platine, qui sont efficaces dans des milieux incorporant un carburant, pour lesquels il n'est pas pratique d'exclure l'eau. Ces additifs pour carburants comprennent un composé métallique du groupe du platine et une composition à fonctionnalité eau, choisie dans le groupe constitué par des émulsifiants lypophiles, des composés organiques lypophiles, avec lesquels l'eau est miscible, ainsi que par des mélanges de ceux-ci. Ces additifs sont de préférence efficaces dans des compositions de carburant ayant des teneurs en eau d'au moins 0,01 % en poids environ.

Improvements with fuels liquid and manufactoring process of these fuels

Process of operation of diesel engines and combustible diesel for the implementation of this process

Anti-knock agents

Composition of fuel

Method for imparting anti-static characteristics to non-conductive fluids

A method for imparting anti-static characteristics to fuel is provided, the method comprising supplying a hydrocarbon fuel and mixing the fuel with an ion, contained in an inorganic compound, to reduce the electrical resistance of the fuel.

Fuel composition

There is disclosed a method for combusting a secondary organometallic compound in an engine including (a) combining a secondary organometallic compound and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, (b) introducing the combination from (a) into a fuel, and (c) causing the fuel from (b) to be combusted in the engine.

Verfahren zur Vrbesserung von Brennstoffen und Treibmitteln

Fuel compositions

A fuel composition comprises (a) a major proportion of a hydrocarbon base boiling in the gasoline boiling range and having a research octane No. of at least 90; (b) an octane number-improving amount of an organic-metal-containing anti-knock agent which is a tetraalkyl lead, cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl, methyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tris-(acetylacetonate) iron III, nickel 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, bis-(N-butyl salicylaldimine) nickel or vanadium acetyl acetonate; (c) less than 2% by volume of a hydrocarbon-soluble co-anti-knock agent having the formula where R1, R2 and R3 are alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl or aralkyl groups having not more than 8, 8, 15 and 15 carbon atoms respectively, and E represents a formyl, alkyl, carbonyl or arylcarbonyl group; and (d) a co-anti-knock extender having the general formula R-O-R1 where R is a C1- 7 alkyl, or aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group, and R1 is hydrogen, C1- 7 alkyl, or aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group, with the ...

Antiknock compounds

An hydrocarbon fuel of the gasoline boiling range contains manganese pentacarbonyl as an anti-knock additive. The fuel may contain sufficient manganese pentacarbonyl to provide between 0.01 and 6 grams of manganese per gallon of fuel. The use of manganese carbonyl hydride is also mentioned. The fuel may also contain N,N1-disecondarybutyl-p-phenylene diamine and 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert. butylphenol.

Low-emissions diesel fuel blend

Method for imparting anti-static characteristics to non-conductive fluids

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCT

A process for producing combustible product from an organic or biomass feedstock, the process comprising: mixing the feedstock with an alkaline material to give an alkaline aqueous mixture; heating the mixture by ohmic heating to a temperature in the range of about 280° C. to about 320° C. and reacting the mixture under subcritical conditions at the said temperature range and a pressure of about 6.6 to about 11.6 MPa (65 bar gauge to about 115 bar gauge); and removing at least some of the water to leave a combustible product, which may be used to form an aqueous slurry, suspension or emulsion and combusted in a suitable engine. 1. A process for producing a combustible product from an organic or biomass feedstock , the process comprising:mixing the feedstock with an alkaline material to give an alkaline aqueous mixture;heating the mixture by ohmic heating to a temperature in the range of about 280° C. to about 320° C. and reacting the mixture under subcritical conditions at the said temperature range and a pressure of about 6.6 to about 11.6 MPa (65 bar gauge to about 115 bar gauge); andremoving at least some of the water to leave a combustible product.2. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of solid:liquid in the mixture is in the range about 1:2 to about 1:25 claim 1 , preferably about 1:3 to about 1:7 claim 1 , particularly preferably about 1:3 to about 1:5.3. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the reaction under subcritical conditions is carried out over a period of at least about 1 minute claim 1 , preferably at least about 2 minutes claim 1 , particularly preferably at least about 5 minutes; and at most about 60 minutes claim 1 , preferably at most about 30 minutes.4. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the alkaline material is added in an amount about from 0.1 to 10% (calculated on 100% base content) claim 1 , preferably about 1 to about 5% w/w.5. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is an ...

COKE SLURRY FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

A coke slurry fuel composition of the instant disclosure comprises 40-80 percentage by weight of petroleum coke (dry basis), 20-60 percentage by weight of biological sludge (wet basis), and 1-4 percentage by weight of basic additive. Accordingly, the coke slurry fuel composition with high combustion efficiency can be adapted to reduce emissions of toxic or air pollutants, and the purpose of sludge reduction can also be achieved. A method of making coke slurry fuel composition is further provided. 1. A coke slurry fuel composition , having a burnout rate of at least 97% , comprising (a) petroleum coke , (b) biological sludge , and (c) a basic additive;wherein the content of the component (a) is 40 wt % to 80 wt % on a dry basis, the content of the component (b) is 20 wt % to 60 wt % on a wet basis, and the content of the component (c) based on the entire amount of components (a) and (b) is 1 wt % to 4 wt %;wherein the component (c) is added to control the sulfur-oxygen compounds (SOx) generated by the burning of the coke slurry fuel composition, whereby the content of SOx in the fuel gas is less than about 150 ppm.2. The coke slurry fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the component (b) is derived from domestic sewage claim 1 , industrial sewage claim 1 , animal sewage claim 1 , municipal sewage claim 1 , or the combination thereof.3. The coke slurry fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the component (c) is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium hydroxide claim 1 , sodium silicate claim 1 , sodium tripolyphosphate claim 1 , and the combination thereof.4. The coke slurry fuel composition according to claim 3 , having a water content in the range of 35% to 42% and a viscosity less than 1250 mPa*s at 20° C.5. The coke slurry fuel composition according to claim 4 , the nitrogen-oxygen compounds (NOx) generated by the burning of which is less than about 30 ppm.6. The coke slurry fuel composition according to claim 5 , ...

Hydrocarbon Marine Fuel Oil

A liquid hydrocarbon marine fuel oil includes a marine distillate fuel or a heavy oil or a blend thereof containing an additive combination including: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate and/or sulfonate detergent, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

Methods for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine

Emissions of pollutants from diesel engines are reduced by a combination of mechanical devices and fuel additives. In one series of embodiments, diesel emissions of NOx and particulates are reduced, simultaneously with gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, by the combined use of exhaust gas recirculation or engine timing modification, with a particulate trap and a platinum group metal catalyst composition. In another embodiment, a multi-metal catalyst composition, comprising a combination of a platinum metal catalyst composition and at least one auxiliary catalyst metal composition, especially cerium or copper, is employed to provide catalyst metal to the exhaust system including a diesel trap to lower the balance point of the particulate trap (the temperature at which the rate of trap loading equals the rate of regeneration) while also lowering the emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Data for platinum, copper and cerium catalysts establishes effective amounts. Tests also show selective maintenance of low oxidation of SO2 to SO3.

Method and apparatus for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine by post combustion catalyst injection

Emissions of pollutants from diesel engines (10) are reduced by a regimen for catalytically treating engine exhaust and, preferably, also the combustion of the fuel. The balance point of a diesel trap (30) is reduced to permit more efficient regeneration, preferably self-regeneration, while also reducing emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by a combination of mechanical devices and fuel additives. The regimen requires the introduction of from 0.05 to 1 ppm of a platinum group metal catalyst (based on the volume of fuel combusted) into the particulates, by introducing at least half of the platinum group metal catalyst (50) directly into the hot exhaust gases (52, 20). Preferably, the platinum group metal catalyst is employed with a combustible organic liquid to aid in either progressively loading the trap (30) with the combustible organics or to combust in the hot combustion gases to facilitate burning of the particulates on the trap (30) for more effective regeneration. The judicious selection and use of an auxiliary catalyst metal (e.g., copper), preferably adding at least half of its total to the fuel as a fuel additive, is a preferred part of the regimen to achieve the lowest trap balance point.

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst

저농도의 특이적인 이금속 또는 삼금속 연료 내장형 촉매를 함유하는 디젤 연료는 후처리 장치, 예컨대 필터 또는 촉매, 예를 들어 디젤 엔진의 경우에 디젤 매연 포집 필터 (DPF) 또는 디젤 산화 촉매 (DOC)를 사용하지 않고 미립자 및 기타 배출물을 감소시킨다. 플래티늄, 및 세륨 및/또는 철을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 추가 금속으로 구성된 연료 용해성 촉매를 함유하는 연료를 사용함으로써, 불완전 연소에 의해 발생되는 유형의 오염물질의 생성이 감소된다. 바람직한 연료 내장형 촉매 수준은 소량, 예를 들어 플래티늄에 대해서는 0.05 내지 0.5 ppm이고 세륨 및/또는 철에 대해서는 3 내지 8 ppm이므로, 이로써 임의의 후처리 장치를 사용하지 않고 효과적인 엔진 배출물의 감소가 제공될 것이다. 본 발명을 사용하면 적은 정도로 촉매화된 후처리 장치의 성능이 개선될 것이다. Diesel fuels containing low concentrations of specific bimetallic or trimetallic fuel embedded catalysts may be used in aftertreatment devices such as filters or catalysts, for example diesel particulate filter (DPF) or diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) in the case of diesel engines. Reduces particulates and other emissions without use. By using a fuel containing platinum and a fuel soluble catalyst composed of at least one additional metal comprising cerium and / or iron, the production of contaminants of the type caused by incomplete combustion is reduced. Preferred fuel borne catalyst levels are small amounts, for example 0.05 to 0.5 ppm for platinum and 3 to 8 ppm for cerium and / or iron, thereby providing effective engine emissions reduction without using any aftertreatment equipment. will be. Using the present invention will improve the performance of the catalytically catalyzed aftertreatment device to a lesser extent.

Cleaner Combustion Diesel Engine

본 발명은, 특히 연료 내장형 촉매 (FBC)를 함유하는 농축물 함유의 연료 첨가제와 함께, 바이오디젤 및 저 방향족 함량의 초저황 디젤 연료를 포함하는 개선된 디젤 연료 배합물에 관한 것이다. 상기 촉매는 바람직하게는 플래티늄 및/또는 세륨 및/또는 철을 포함하며, 상기 초저황 디젤 연료는 바람직하게는 10% 미만의 방향족을 함유할 것이다. 바이오디젤은 전형적으로 배합물에 대해 약 20%의 양으로 사용된다. The present invention relates, in particular, to improved diesel fuel formulations comprising biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels of low aromatic content together with fuel additives containing concentrates containing fuel borne catalyst (FBC). The catalyst preferably comprises platinum and / or cerium and / or iron and the ultra low sulfur diesel fuel will preferably contain less than 10% aromatics. Biodiesel is typically used in amounts of about 20% relative to the formulation.

Fuel oil additive

本发明涉及一种用于燃油的添加剂，是具有助燃、节油、净化功效的燃油添加剂，其特征在于它包含有以下成份：壬基酚、脂肪酰胺、碱土金属磺酸盐、增燃剂、蜂蜡、稳定剂。其重量百分比如下：壬基酚4－16；脂肪酰胺2－14；碱土金属磺酸盐1－10；蜂蜡10－90；稳定剂1－10；增燃剂1－30。其稳定剂包含OP、TWEEN、SPAN之中的一种或几种的组合成分；脂肪酰胺包含丁二酰亚胺、多烯基酰胺之中的一种或几种的组合成分；增燃剂包含环烷酸盐、五羰基铁之中的一种或几种的组合成分。

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst

含有低浓度的特定双金属或三金属的燃料携带的催化剂的柴油，无需使用后处理设备如过滤器或催化剂，例如在柴油机情形中柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)或者柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)，降低了微粒和其它排放。通过利用含有可溶于燃料的催化剂的燃料，该催化剂包含铂和至少一种另外的金属(包括铈和/或铁)，降低了不完全燃烧产生的类型的污染物的产量。优选的燃料携带的催化剂的水平是低的，例如为0.05～0.5ppm的铂和3～8ppm的铈和/或铁，由此提供了有效的发动机输出排放降低，无需任何后处理设备。采用本发明改进了轻度催化的后处理设备的性能。

Process for the selective, non-catalytic reduction of the emissions from oil-fired boiler plants

Bei diesem Verfahren zur selektiven nicht-katalytischen Reduktion der Emission von Schadstoffen aus ölbefeuerten Kesselanlagen werden den Verbrennungsvorgang beeinflussende chemische Verbindungen zum flüssigen Brennstoff oder zur Verbrennungsluft, hierunter Salze organischer Säuren wie Naphthenate, Octoate, Tallate, Salze von Sulfonsäuren, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Fettsäuren, Ölsäuren, Tallöl mit Metallen aus der Gruppe K, Ba, Mg, Ca, Ce, Mn, Fe; Seltenerdmetallen; Organometallverbindungen wie Carbonylverbindungen, gemischte Cyclopentadienylcarbonylverbindungen oder Aromatenkomplexe der Übergangsmetalle Fe oder Mn in mit dem flüssigen Brennstoff mischbaren Lösungen zudosiert.- Zwecks Minimierung der NOx-Werte im Abgas und der Staubbelastung bei sparsamem Chemikalienverbrauch wird ein Reduktionsmittel in den Feuerungsraum (Brennerraum) über ein Kesseldosiersystem unter Verwendung eines flüssigen oder auch gasförmigen Trägermittelstroms als wässrige Lösung von Harnstoff oder auch Harnstoffvorläufern wie Ammoniak oder Ammoniumcarbonat, die auch weitere Bestandteile wie Alkanole, Alkancarbonsäuren, Alkanale oder Alkanone enthalten können, zudosiert. In this process for the selective non-catalytic reduction of the emission of pollutants from oil-fired boiler systems, chemical compounds influencing the combustion process to the liquid fuel or to the combustion air, including salts of organic acids such as naphthenates, octoates, tallates, salts of sulfonic acids, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acids , Tall oil with metals from the group K, Ba, Mg, Ca, Ce, Mn, Fe; Rare earth metals; Organometallic compounds such as carbonyl compounds, mixed cyclopentadienylcarbonyl compounds or aromatic complexes of the transition metals Fe or Mn are added in solutions that are miscible with the liquid fuel Use of a liquid or gaseous carrier stream as an aqueous solution of urea or also urea precursors such as ammonia or ammonium carbonate, which may also contain further ...

Manganese addition-mediated reduction of amount of carbon in ash-fly from combustion of coal

FIELD: solid fuel technology. SUBSTANCE: invention provides method and additive to reduce amount of carbon in ash-fly formed during combustion of mixture of coal with manganese-containing compound. The latter can be mixed with coal either before combustion chamber or in before combustion. Manganese-containing compound an be inorganic or organometallic compound, among others tricarbonylmethylcyclopentadienylmanganese. EFFECT: essentially reduced loss of carbon with ash-fly. 19 cl ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) 2 265 043 (13) C1 C 10 L 10/00 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2004122001/04, 16.07.2004 (72) Àâòîð(û): ÐÓÑ Äæîçåô Â. (US), ÔÝÊÒÎÐ Ñòåôåí À. (US), ÄÝÂÈÄÑÎÍ Ðîáåðò È. (US) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 16.07.2004 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 18.07.2003 US 10/623092 Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á. Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Þ.Ä.Êóçíåöîâó, ðåã.¹ 595 2 2 6 5 0 4 3 ëèáî â òîïî÷íîé êàìåðå. Ñîåäèíåíèå ìàðãàíöà ìîæåò ïðåäñòàâë òü ñîáîé íåîðãàíè÷åñêîå èëè ìåòàëëîîðãàíè÷åñêîå ñîåäèíåíèå. Ìåòàëëîîðãàíè÷åñêîå ñîåäèíåíèå ìîæåò âêëþ÷àòü â ñåá òðèêàðáîíèëìåòèëöèêëîïåíòàäèåíèëìàðãàíåö è äð. Èçîáðåòåíèå ïîçâîë åò çíà÷èòåëüíî ñíèçèòü êîëè÷åñòâî óãëåðîäà â çîëå-óíîñå. 5 í. è 14 ç.ï.ôëû. R U (57) Ðåôåðàò: Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ê ñïîñîáó ñíèæåíè êîëè÷åñòâà óãëåðîäà â çîëå-óíîñå, îáðàçóþùåéñ ïðè ñæèãàíèè óãë , è ê äîáàâêå äë òàêîãî ñíèæåíè . Îïèñàíû ñïîñîá è äîáàâêà äë ñíèæåíè êîëè÷åñòâà óãëåðîäà â çîëå-óíîñå, îáðàçóþùåéñ ïðè ñæèãàíèè ñìåñè óãë è ìàðãàíåöñîäåðæàùåãî ñîåäèíåíè . Ñîåäèíåíèå ìàðãàíöà ìîæíî ñìåøèâàòü ñ óãëåì ëèáî ïåðåä òîïî÷íîé êàìåðîé Ñòðàíèöà: 1 RU C 1 C 1 (54) ÑÍÈÆÅÍÈÅ ÊÎËÈ×ÅÑÒÂÀ ÓÃËÅÐÎÄÀ  ÇÎËÅ-ÓÍÎÑÅ ÎÒ ÑÆÈÃÀÍÈß ÓÃËß ÏÓÒÅÌ ÄÎÁÀÂÊÈ Ê ÓÃËÞ ÌÀÐÃÀÍÖÀ 2 2 6 5 0 4 3 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: US 3927992 A, 23.12.1975. RU 2182163 C2, 10.05.2002. JP 59-223795 A, 15.12.1984. JP 57 ...

Combustible product

A process for producing combustible product from an organic or biomass feedstock, the process comprising: mixing the feedstock with an alkaline material to give an alkaline aqueous mixture; reacting the mixture under subcritical conditions at a temperature in the range of about 280°C to about 320°C and a pressure of about 6.6 MPato about 11.6 MPa (65 bar gauge to about 115 bar gauge); and removing at least some of the water to leave a combustible product, which may be used to form an aqueous slurry, suspension or emulsion and combusted in a suitable engine.

THE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS FROM VEHICULAR DIESEL ENGINES

본 발명은 촉매적으로 유효량의 촉매 조성물(26) 및 윤활제를 함유하는 디젤 연료중 물 에멀션(80)을 제조하는 단계 및 상기 에멀션을 내부에서 연소시키는 디젤 기관에 공급하여, 디젤 연료 자체만의 연소와 비교해볼때 디젤 기관으로부터 배출되는 질소 산화물의 양을 감소시키는 단계를 포함하는, 디젤 기관으로부터 질소 산화물 배출을 감소시키는 방법에 관한 것이다.

Residual fuel oil additive

본 발명은 잔류 연료유 또는 석탄과 같은 고-아스팔텐 탄소질 연료용 연료 첨가제를 개시한다. 상기 연료 첨가제는 개선된 연소 특성을 제공한다. 상기 개선된 연소 특성으로는 향상된 효율 및 감소된 오염물 배출 중 하나 또는 모두가 포함된다. 특히, 연료 첨가제는 김의털, 알페크 또는 자주개자리와 같은 식물로부터의 추출물과, 선택적으로 유기금속 화합물을 포함한다. 식물 추출물과 유기금속 화합물을 모두 포함하는 연료 첨가제의 사용은 특히 높은 아스팔텐 함량을 가진 연료의 연소 특성을 개선하는 데 유용하다. 아스팔텐, 탄소질 연료, 잔류 연료유, 연소 특성, 식물 추출물, 유기금속 화합물

A fuel composition comprising a platinum group metal compound and a water-functional composition as a fuel additive

백금족 금속 첨가제는 물을 배제시키기에 비실용적인 연료에 효과적이다. 연료 첨가제는 백금족 금속 화합물 및 친유성 유화제, 물과 혼화될 수 있는 친유성 유기 화합물 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 물-작용성 조성물을 포함한다. 첨가제는 바람직하게는 약 0.01중량%의 물을 함유하는 연료 조성물에 효과적이다. Platinum group metal additives are effective for fuels that are impractical for water exclusion. The fuel additive comprises a water-functional composition selected from the group consisting of platinum group metal compounds and lipophilic emulsifiers, lipophilic organic compounds that can be miscible with water, and mixtures thereof. The additive is preferably effective in fuel compositions containing about 0.01% by weight of water.

Preparation method of biological base automotive fuel auxiliaries

本发明公开了一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，先取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；再将钛酸四丁酯、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、石油醚、聚异丁烯胺、油酸混合，滴加硝酸溶液，搅拌，得混合物；最后将提取液和混合物混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯、异戊醛、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、单硬脂酸甘油酯，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。所得助剂燃油助剂可以改善燃油在内燃机引擎燃烧室中的燃烧，促使汽油或柴油燃烧更完全，增强燃油燃烧效率。

Fuel composition

Liquid fuel

Anti-knock compositions

The reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from vehicular diesel engines

The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine which comprises preparing an emulsion (80) of water in diesel fuel which contains a catalytically effective amount of catalyst composition (26) and a lubricity additive and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.

HYDROCARBON, WATER, FUEL AND ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS

La presente invenzione si riferisce alla formulazione di additivi che permettono: a) di ristabilizzare gli asfalteni flocculati in un prodotto petrolifero; b) di ridurre i problemi di sporcamento da composti pesanti in apparecchiature in cui scorra un fluido, preferibilmente idrocarburico; c) di aumentare le rese di conversione di impianti petroliferi/petrolchimici; d) di ridurre la formazione di particolato/SOx/NOx nella combustione di fluidi/solidi; e) di ridurre la formazione di coke sui catalizzatori; f) di favorire il decoking e/o la pulizia di apparecchiature/materiali.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Diesel fuel composition containing a platinum metal additive for water containing fuels

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methylisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Vapor phase combustion methods and compositions

Method of reduced temperature metallic vapor phase combustion for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, it relates to methods and composition of metal-containing fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure capable of increasing combustion burning velocity and reducing combustion temperature.

Enhanced combustion of hydrocarbonaceous burner fuels

A burner is operated by continuously feeding into its combustion zone while combustion is occurring therein, (a) a middle distillate burner fuel with which has been blended in any sequence or combination a minor combustion improving amount of fuel-soluble manganese polycarbonyl compound(s), and (b) a total amount of air above 100% of the stoichiometric amount required for complete combustion of all fuel being introduced into said zone but which is below 105% of such stoichiometric amount. Preferably at least alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent and fuel-soluble dispersant have also been blended into the fuel being used. The efficiency of operation of blue and yellow burners is thereby improved, and emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide can be reduced as compared to operation of the same burner on the same unadditized base fuel.

Method and composition for providing an improved combustion in process of combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds

내용 없음.

MÃ0 / 00 ALL AND COMPOSITION TO IMPROVE FUEL OF FUELS

Un método para mejorar la combustión de un combustible por agregado de un catalizador o mejorador de combustión a una concentración extremadamente baja, con preferencia en el rango comprendido entre 1 parte de catalizador por 200 millones de partes de combustible y 1 parte de catalizador por 6 billones de partes de combustible. El catalizador o mejorador de combustión puede seleccionarse entre una amplia variedad de compuestos solubles. El método puede comprender los pasos de un mezclado inicial del catalizador o mejorador de combustión con un solvente apropiado y luego posteriores pasos de dilución utilizando solventes o combustible. Los solventes apropiados incluyen el agua, MTBE, metiletilcetona, metilisobutilcetona, butanol, alcohol isopropílico y otros compuestos hidrofílicos/oleofílicos. </P>

Tropospheric volume elements enriched with vital elements and/or protective substances

Lowering the amount of carbon in fly ash from burning coal by a manganese additive to the coal

An additive and a method for reducing carbon and fly ash results from the combustion of a mixture of coal and a manganese-containing compound. The manganese compound may be mixed with coat either before or in a combustion chamber. The manganese compound may be an inorganic or organometallic compound. The organometallic compound may include methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methylsobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Process for the selective noncatalytic reduction of the emission of pollutants from oil-fired boiler plants

In this process for the selective noncatalytic reduction of the emission of pollutants from oil-fired boiler plants, chemical compounds which affect the combustion process are admixed, in solutions miscible with the liquid fuel, in metered amounts to the liquid fuel or to the combustion air, among these compounds being salts of organic acids, such as naphthenates, octoates, tallates, salts of sulfonic acids, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, and tall oil, with metals from the group of K, Ba, Mg, Ca, Ce, Mn, Fe; rare earth metals; organometallic compounds, such as carbonyl compounds, mixed cyclopentadienylcarbonyl compounds, or aromatic complexes of the transition metals Fe or Mn. For the purpose of minimizing the NO x values in the waste gas and the dust load with economical consumption of chemicals, a reducing agent is introduced in metered quantities into the firebox (burner chamber) via a boiler metering system with the use of the liquid or also gaseous carrier stream as an aqueous solution of urea or also urea precursors, such as ammonia or ammonium carbonate, which can also contain further ingredients, such as alkanols, alkanecarboxylic acids, alkanals, or alkanones.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR IMPROVED COMBUSTION OF FUEL

Способ улучшения сгорания топлива путем добавления катализатора сгорания или присадки при весьма низкой концентрации, предпочтительно в интервале от 1 части катализатора на 200 миллионов частей топлива до 1 части катализатора на 6 триллионов частей топлива. Катализатор сгорания или присадка могут быть выбраны из большого ряда растворимых соединений. Способ может включать в себя стадии первоначального смешивания катализатора сгорания или присадки горения с подходящим растворителем с последующими стадиями разбавления с использованием растворителей и топлива. Подходящие растворители включают воду, МТБЭ, метилэтилкетон, метилизобутилкетон, бутанол, изопропиловый спирт и другие гидрофильно/олеофильные соединения.Международная заявка была опубликована вместе с отчетом о международном поиске. A method of improving the combustion of fuel by adding a combustion catalyst or additive at a very low concentration, preferably in the range from 1 part of catalyst to 200 million parts of fuel to 1 part of catalyst to 6 trillion parts of fuel. The combustion catalyst or additive can be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may include the steps of initially mixing the combustion catalyst or combustion additives with a suitable solvent followed by dilution with solvent and fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic / oleophilic compounds. The international application was published along with an international search report.

Method for Enhancing Combustion in Combustion Processes Containing Hydrocarbon Compounds and Mixture

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst

Diesel fuels containing low concentrations of specific bimetallic or trimetallic fuel-borne catalysts reduce particulates and other emissions without the use of after treatment devices, such as filters or catalysts, e.g., diesel particulate filters (DPF's) or diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) in the case of diesel engines. By utilizing a fuel containing a fuel-soluble catalyst comprised of platinum and at least one additional metal comprising cerium and/or iron, production of pollutants of the type generated by incomplete combustion is reduced. Preferred fuel borne catalyst levels will be low, e.g., from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm for platinum and 3 to 8 ppm for cerium and/or iron, thereby providing effective engine out emissions reductions without any aftertreatment device. Performance of lightly catalyzed aftertreatment devices will be improved with the subject invention.

The automobile-used boat alcohol fuel calorific value Synergistic additives of one kind and production method

本发明公开了一种车用航醇燃料热值增效添加剂，解决了现有航醇燃料使用中动力不足的技术问题。该热值增效添加剂包括如下重量份的组分：丙酮1‑8份，碳酸钡1‑10份，二氯乙烷1‑10份，辛烷1‑20份，环烷酸镁2‑8份，樟脑醇1‑5份，环烷烃5‑20份，亚麻酸1‑5份中两种以上的试剂。使用本发明配置的航醇燃料，能够提高燃料热值，促进燃料充分燃烧，使得汽车发动机动力性能增强。

Low smoke composition and firefighter training process

A low smoke firefighter training hydrocarbon composition and process. The compositions preferably contain alkanes and avoid aromatics. Ferrocene or certain other volatile iron compounds are incorporated in the compositions which are readily ignitable but not dangerously so. The process enhances firefighter training while reducing smoke and soot to the surrounding environment.

Minimize the manganese scavenger of loss of octane in aviation gasoline

航空汽油和添加剂可具有含锰防爆组分。本文中的清除剂减轻使用含锰防爆剂的可能有害影响。清除剂包括中心原子是除氮外的第15族元素的分子。与中心原子连接的实体是包括缺电子原子和缺电子官能团的吸电子实体。

Cleaner burning diesel fuel

An improved diesel fuel based on a blend of biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, particularly with a fuel additive containing a concentrate containing fuel borne catalyst (FBC). The catalyst will preferably comprise platinum and/or cerium and/or iron, and the ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel will preferably contain less than 10% aromatics. The biodiesel is typically employed in an amount of about 20% of the blend.

Lead-free MMT fuel composition

(57)【要約】 ジェット、タービン、ディーゼル、燃料油、およびガソリン燃焼システム用の低温高エネルギー燃料組成物。より詳細には、向上した燃焼構造体からなる燃料に関する。

Patent BE580030A

Low emission combustion using multi-component metal combustion catalysts

Fuel for engines

The reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from vehicular diesel engines

Fuel additive

A fuel additive, which is adapted for mixing with a fuel such as gasoline or diesel, includes compositions of nonyl phenol having a ratio of 4-16% by weight, aliphatic amide having a ratio of 2-14% by weight, alkaline metallic petroleum sulfonate having a ratio of 1-10% by weight, propolis having a ratio of 10-90% by weight, a stabilizer having a ratio of 1-10% by weight, and combustion booster having a ratio 1-30% by weight.

A kind of fuel oil desulfurizing agent and preparation method thereof

本发明公开了一种燃料油用脱硫剂包括以下组分和质量百分含量：甲基丙烯酸甲酯5～25％；丙烯酸丁酯20～40％；甲基丙烯酸0.5～1.5％；十二烷基硫酸钠0.5～3％；壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚2～10％；碳酸氢钠0.1～2.5％；过硫酸钾0.1～0.5％；碳酸钙0.1～1％；去离子水30～60％。本发明的燃料油用脱硫剂能有效的减少燃料油燃烧过程的硫化物的排放，另一方面本方法所用的原材料可以使用乳液合成工业中的单体废料，钙基吸收剂可以来自陶瓷工业中的副产品，可以有效达到废物回收的目的。

IMPROVEMENTS MADE IN THE PREPARATION OF ANTI-DETONATING COMPOUNDS

Liquid fuel

Method to mitigate the lowering of the road octane number

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

一种通过将极低浓度的催化剂或燃烧增强剂加入来改进燃料燃烧的方法，所述的浓度优选为每200百万份燃料1份催化剂至每6万亿份燃料1份催化剂。催化剂或燃烧增强剂可选自各种可溶性化合物。所述的方法可包含以下步骤：首先催化剂或增强剂与适合的溶剂混合，然后使用溶剂或燃料的稀释步骤。适合的溶剂包括水、MTBE、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、丁醇、异丙醇和其他亲水/亲油化合物。

Utilization of platinum group in diesel engines.

La invencion proporciona un método que emplea un aditivo de combustible para mejorar la operacion de un catalizador de oxidacion de paso sobre largos períodos de tiempo con actividad catalítica continua y sin la indeseable conversion de SO2 a SO3. Un soporte de catalizador de paso se cataliza continuamente de manera selectiva mediante la combustion de un combustible que contiene una composicion metálica del grupo platino que se quema para liberar el metal catalizador en forma activa. La efectividad del proceso se atribuye a una combustion mejorada en el motor mediante el catalizador y el tratamiento del oxidante catalítico con el metal catalítico activo liberado durante la combustion de tal manera que, en el sistema de descarga, la fraccion orgánica soluble de las partículas y los niveles de hidrocarburos no quemados gaseosos y el monoxido de carbono se reducen significativamente. Los catalizadores condicionados por la presente invencion provocan una mínima conversion de SO2 a SO3. Las composiciones metálicas del grupo platino solubles o dispersable en el combustible diesel y se añaden en cantidades efectivas para proporcionar concentraciones del metal en el combustible de menos de 1 parte por millon (ppm).

A method and a composition for providing an improved combustion in processes of combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds

Tropospheric volume elements enriched with vital elements and/or protective substances

The invention relates to tropospheric volume elements enriched with vital elements and/or protective substances and to a method for their production and use. The vital elements cover those substances that promote the development of living components of the terrestrial biosphere and the protective substances cover those substances that directly or indirectly help to prevent harmful effects on the terrestrial biosphere and in particular on mankind. The inventive tropospheric volume elements are enriched with vital elements and/or protective substances. Tropospheric volume elements in the form of polluted clouds, which can escape as a result of damage to installations, are enriched with protective substances, which prevent the absorption of radioactive elements by an organism, minimise the extent of the areas polluted by the cloud and in addition exhibit warning and identification functions. The enriched tropospheric volume elements can have numerous positive effects, the most important being: climate cooling and stabilisation, increase in food production, production of methane hydrate and kerogen as renewable energy sources, reduction of atmospheric pollution, increase in precipitation, reduction of the damage and number of victims, caused in particular by nuclear reactor accidents.

Fuels

Utilization of platinum group in diesel engines

The invention provides a method employing a fuel additive to improve the operation of a pass-through oxidation catalyst over long periods of time with continued catalytic activity and without the undesirable conversion of SO2 to SO3. A pass-through catalyst support is continuously, selectively catalyzed by the combustion of a fuel containing a platinum group metal composition which bums to release the catalyst metal in active form. The effectiveness of the process is attributed to improved combustion in the engine by the catalyst and the treatment of the catalytic oxidizer with active catalyst metal released during combustion such that, in the exhaust system, the soluble organic fraction of the particulates and the levels of gaseous unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are significantly reduced. The catalysts conditioned by the present invention cause minimal conversion of SO2 to SO3. The platinum group metal compositions soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel and are added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm).

Unleaded fuel compositions

Method for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine equipped with a particulate trap

A method to improve the operation of a diesel trap through the use of a fuel additive comprising fuel-soluble compositions of platinum group metal in effective amounts to lower the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from the trap. The catalyst is selective and reduces the oxidation of SO2 to SO3. The platinum group metal compositions are preferably added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm). Lithium and/or sodium compositions can be used in amounts effective to reduce the trap regeneration temperature, e.g. concentrations to provide about 1 to 100 ppm lithium metal, and/or 1 to 30 ppm sodium metal.

Method of operating internal combustion engines

Residual fuel oil additive.

Se describen aditivos residuales para combustibles carbonosos altos en asfalteno tales como carburantes o aceite residual. Los aditivos proporcionan características de combustión mejoradas. Las características de combustión mejoradas incluyen una o ambas de eficiencia mejorada y emisiones de contaminantes disminuidas. En particular, los aditivos de combustible incluyen un extracto de una planta tal como puntero (tipo de pasto), alfeque o alfalfa, y opcionalmente, un compuesto organometálico. El uso del aditivo de combustible que incluye tanto un extracto vegetal como un compuesto organometálico es particularmente útil para mejorar las características de coinbustión de los combustibles con un contenido de asfalteno particularmente alto.

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst

Diesel fuels containing low concentrations of specific bimetallic or trimetallic fuel-borne catalysts reduce particulates and other emissions without the use of after treatment devices, such as filters or catalysts, e.g., diesel particulate filters (DPF's) or diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) in the case of diesel engines. By utilizing a fuel containing a fuel-soluble catalyst comprised of platinum and at least one additional metal comprising cerium and/or iron, production of pollutants of the type generated by incomplete combustion is reduced. Preferred fuel borne catalyst levels will be low, e.g., from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm for platinum and 3 to 8 ppm for cerium and/or iron, thereby providing effective engine out emissions reductions without any aftertreatment device. Performance of lightly catalyzed aftertreatment devices will be improved with the subject invention.

Method for imparting anti-static characteristics to non-conductive fluids

A method for imparting anti-static characteristics to fuel is provided, the method comprising supplying a hydrocarbon fuel and mixing the fuel with an ion, contained in an inorganic compound, to reduce the electrical resistance of the fuel.

Hydrocarbon marine fuel oil

액체 탄화수소 해양 연료유는, (A) 폴리알켄일-치환된 카복실산 또는 무수물, 및 (B) 하이드로카빌-치환된 하이드록시벤조에이트 및/또는 설포네이트 세제를 포함하는 첨가제 조합물을 포함하는 해양 증류물 연료유 또는 중질 연료유 또는 이들의 블렌드를 포함하며, 이때, (A) 대 (B)의 질량:질량 비는 20:1 내지 1:20 범위이고, 상기 첨가제 조합물의 처리율(treat rate)은 5 내지 10000 질량ppm 범위이다.

Marine engine pretreatment desulfurization control and monitoring system

The present invention includes a fuel injection amount sensor for detecting an injection amount of oil, a pretreatment desulfurization agent injection amount sensor for detecting an injection amount of a pretreatment desulfurization agent, and a control panel for controlling and monitoring the injection amount of the pretreatment desulfurization agent so that the predetermined desulfurization agent is mixed with the fuel in a predetermined mixing ratio. The fuel injection amount sensor is disposed on a fuel supply line between a fuel tank and a marine engine, and the pretreatment desulfurization agent injection amount sensor is disposed between a downstream fuel supply line installed downstream of the fuel injection amount sensor and a pretreatment desulfurization agent tank.

Method and composition for improving fuel consumption

Hydrocarbon oil, aqueous, fuel and additive compositions

Tropospheric volume elements enriched with vital elements and/or protective substances

Die mit Vitalelementen und/oder Schutzstoffen angereicherten troposphärischen Raumelemente und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Anwendung werden beschrieben. Mit Vitalelementen werden hier die die Entwicklung der lebendigen Bestandteile der irdischen Biosphäre fördernden Stoffe bezeichnet und mit Schutzstoffen werden hier diejenigen Stoffe bezeichnet, die direkt oder indirekt dazu führen, dass schädliche Einwirkungen auf die irdische Biosphäre, insbesondere den Menschen, verhindert werden. Die erfindungsgemässen troposphärischen Raumelemente sind mit Vitalelementen und/oder Schutzstoffen angereichert. troposphärische Raumelemente in der Form von schadstoffilaltigen Wolken, die bei der Havarie von Anlagen entweichen Können, werden mit Schutzstoffen angereichert, die die Aufnahme radioaktiver Elemente in den Organismus verhindern, die Ausdehnung der von den Wolken belasteten Bereiche minimieren und die zusätzlich Warn- und Markierfunktionen innehaben. Die angereicherten troposphärischen Raumelemente Können zahlreiche vorteilhafte Auswirkungen haben, von denen die wichtigsten sind: Klimaabkühlung und Klimastabilisierung Steigerung der Nahrungsmittelproduktion Erzeugung von Methanhydrat und Kerogen als nachwachsende Energieträger Verminderung der Luftschadstoffe Zunahme der Niederschläge Verminderung der Schaden und Opferzahlen insbesondere durch Kernreaktorunglücke.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

Eljárás tüzelőanyagok égésének javítására katalizátor vagy égésfokozóanyag rendkívül alacsony koncentrációban történő hozzáadásával,előnyösen az 1 rész égési katalizátor 200 millió rész tüzelőanyaghozés az 1 rész katalizátor 6 billió rész tüzelőanyaghoz arányok közöttitartományban. A katalizátor vagy égésfokozó anyag oldható vegyületekszéles skálájából választható. Az eljárás magába foglalhatja akatalizátornak vagy fokozóanyagnak megfelelő oldószerrel való kezdetikeverésének lépését, valamint oldószerekkel vagy tüzelőanyaggaltörténő további hígítások lépéseit. A megfelelő oldószer lehet víz,MTBE, metil-keton, metil-izobutil-keton, butanol, izopropil-alkoholvagy egyéb hidrofil/oleofil vegyület. Ó A process for improving the combustion of fuels by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer in an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part combustion catalyst to 200 million parts fuel to 1 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer can be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The process may include the step of initially mixing the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and the steps of further diluting with solvents or fuel gas. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol or other hydrophilic / oleophilic compounds. HE

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst

Diesel fuels containing low concentrations of specific bimetallic or trimetallic fuel-borne catalysts reduce particulates and other emissions without the use of after treatment devices, such as filters or catalysts, e.g., diesel particulate filters (DPF's) or diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) in the case of diesel engines. By utilizing a fuel containing a fuel-soluble catalyst comprised of platinum and at least one additional metal comprising cerium and/or iron, production of pollutants of the type generated by incomplete combustion is reduced. Preferred fuel borne catalyst levels will be low, e.g., from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm for platinum and 3 to 8 ppm for cerium and/or iron, thereby providing effective engine out emissions reductions without any aftertreatment device. Performance of lightly catalyzed aftertreatment devices will be improved with the subject invention.

Operation of diesel engines with reduced particulate emission by utilization of platinum group metal fuel additive and pass-through catalytic oxidizer.

Manganese scavengers that minimize octane loss in aviation gasolines

P-2016-33-US Abstract Aviation gasolines and additives may have manganese-containing anti-knock components. The scavengers herein mitigate the possible deleterious effects from using the manganese-containing anti-knock. The scavengers include molecules with a central atom of a Group 15 element other than nitrogen. Entities that are attached to the central atom are electron withdrawing entities including electron deficient atoms and electron deficient functional groups.

Synthetic method for preparing coal water slurry additive by oxidizing grafting modified papermaking black liquor and using method thereof

本发明公开了一种以氧化接枝改性造纸黑液制备水煤浆添加剂的合成方法：将造纸黑液稀释至固含量在15‑30%，在造纸黑液中加入造纸黑液总质量为1‑2%的双氧水，并在40‑70℃进行反应使其活化，制造活化端基，以10%氢氧化钠溶液调节上述产物pH值为12‑13，加入造纸黑液总质量3‑6%的36%甲醛溶液反应2‑3小时，升高温度至105‑120℃，进一步制造活性端基，加入造纸黑液总质量1‑2%的接枝改性剂，根据产物不同要求反应2‑4小时，产物中和后，稀释至固含量20‑30%制得水煤浆添加剂。该方法合成的水煤浆添加剂改善了黑液的活性成分，能够更好地适应煤炭复杂的表面结构，较传统造纸黑液用作水煤浆添加剂时有更好的成浆效果。

Composizioni idrocarburiche,acquose,di combustibili e di additivi

Procédé de préparation de combustibles à pouvoir antidétonant élevé pour moteurs

Verfahren und zusammensetzung zur verbesserung der brenn- oder kraftstoffverbrennung

烃船用燃料油

一种液态烃船用燃料油，其包含船用馏出燃料或重质燃料油或其掺合物，其含有一种添加剂组合，所述添加剂组合包含：(A)聚烯基取代的羧酸或酐，和(B)金属烃基取代的羟基苯甲酸盐和/或磺酸盐清净剂，其中(A)与(B)的质量:质量比在20:1至1:20的范围内且所述添加剂组合的处理率在5至10000质量ppm的范围内。

Betrieb von dieselmotoren mit reduzierter partikelemission durch verwendung von platingruppenmetall-kraftstoffzusatz und durchflussoxidationskatalysator

Marine engine pretreatment desulfurization control and monitoring system

钾型改性活化粉

本发明公开了钾型改性活化粉，涉及钾型改性活化粉技术领域，包括以下质量分数的组分：酯类共聚物2％‑3.5％、氢氧化钾10％‑17％、乙醇19％‑45％、清洁剂19％‑50％、叔丁醇14％‑24％、助燃剂20％‑23％、油酸三乙醇胺2％‑4％、分散剂5％‑15％、摩擦改进剂2.5％‑7.5％、抗氧剂0.1％‑0.8％。本发明通过加入氢氧化钾，使得可以有助于去除有机酸和硫化合物，同时起到催化剂的作用，使得可以利于使气流中的二氧化碳、三氧化硫、三氧化氮在氢氧化钾的帮助下被吸收，从而可以减少污染物的排放，通过加入清洁剂，使得可以通过清洁剂清理发动机内部的部分积碳，从而可以进一步的减少污染物的排放。