ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПОВЫШАЮЩЕГО ВЯЗКОСТЬ КОМПОНЕНТА В ДИЗЕЛЬНОМ ТОПЛИВЕ

1. Применение повышающего вязкость компонента в композиции дизельного топлива для улучшения приемистости при малом числе оборотов дизельного двигателя с турбонаддувом, причем композиция находится или будет введена в двигатель или в транспортное средство, приводимое в движение указанным двигателем. ! 2. Применение по п.1 для уменьшения числа оборотов двигателя, при котором достигается наибольшее значение скорости турбонаддува при разгоне от малого числа оборотов двигателя или уменьшения времени, необходимого для достижения наибольшего значения скорости турбонаддува. ! 3. Применение по п.1, в котором малое число оборотов двигателя означает до 2200 об/мин. ! 4. Применение по п.1 для уменьшения, по меньшей мере, частичного ухудшения приемистости двигателя, вызванного другой причиной. ! 5. Применение по п.1, в котором кинематическая вязкость при 40°C (KB 40) композиции дизельного топлива, включающей применяемый компонент, повышающий вязкость, составляет 2,8 мм2/с (сантиСтокс) или больше. ! 6. Применение по п.1, в котором компонент, повышающий вязкость, выбирают из топливного компонента, произведенного в синтезе Фишера-Тропша, масла, алкилового эфира жирной кислоты и их комбинаций. ! 7. Применение по п.6, в котором масло произведено в синтезе Фишера-Тропша. ! 8. Применение по любому из пп.1-7, в котором в композиции дизельного топлива дополнительно используется компонент, повышающий плотность, вместе с компонентом, повышающим вязкость. ! 9. Способ эксплуатации дизельного двигателя с турбонаддувом и/или транспортного средства, приводимого в движение таким двигателем, включающий введение в двигатель композиции дизельного топлива, со� РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2010 131 493 (13) A (51) МПК C10L 10/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (71) Заявитель(и): ШЕЛЛ ИНТЕРНЭШНЛ РИСЕРЧ МААТСХАППИЙ Б.В. (NL) (21)(22) Заявка: 2010131493/05, 19.12.2008 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 28.12.2007 EP 07124137.6 (85) ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ И СПОСОБЫ ЭКСТРАКЦИИ ВЫЩЕЛАЧИВАНИЕМ ИЗ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ

... 1. Способ извлечения целевых соединений из биомассы, включающий:сушку биомассы;измельчение высушенной биомассы для получения мелких фракций;агломерацию мелких фракций для получения агломерированных частиц; иперколяцию растворителя через агломерированные частицы.2. Способ по п.1, в котором перколяция растворителя через агломерированные частицы включает применение растворителя в соответствии с экстракцией в режиме противоточного выщелачивания.3. Способ по п.1, в котором сушка биомассы включает сушку микробной биомассы при температуре 85°C или выше до 148,5°С или ниже.4. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий подбор давления окружающей среды при агломерации мелких фракций для ускорения обезвоживания биомассы.5. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий воздействие на агломерированные частицы негорючими растворителями для получения негорючей смеси.6. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий сушку агломерированных частиц при атмосферном давлении и температуре в диапазоне от 85º по Фаренгейту до ...

НОВЫЕ ДОБАВКИ К УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОМУ ТОПЛИВУ И РЕЦЕПТУРЫ ТОПЛИВ, ОБЛАДАЮЩИХ УЛУЧШЕННЫМИ СВОЙСТВАМИ ГОРЕНИЯ

... 1. Топливная добавка для углеводородных топлив, содержащая молекулу, имеющую сопряженную систему двойных связей между углеродными атомами и с количеством от 2 до 11 двойных связей. 2. Топливная добавка по п.1, дополнительно содержащая, по меньшей мере, одну концевую группу, содержащую цикл с от 5 до 8 атомов углерода ароматического, циклоалифатического, насыщенного или ненасыщенного фрагмента. 3. Топливная добавка по п.2, дополнительно содержащая, по меньшей мере, одну кислородсодержащую группу, замещенную, по меньшей мере, одной циклической концевой группой. 4. Топливная добавка по п.3, в которой кислородсодержащую группу выбирают из группы, состоящей из гидроксильных групп или кетогрупп, связанных с циклическим алифатическим насыщенным или ненасыщенным фрагментом. 5. Топливная добавка по п.3, дополнительно содержащая, по меньшей мере, одну метильную группу, связанную с группой, содержащей сопряженную двойную связь между углеродными атомами, с циклической концевой группой или с их комбинацией ...

Bio-catalyst additive for liquid hydrocarbon fuels

The biocatalyst additive for liquid hydrocarbon fuels and coal slurry fuel comprises: (a) essential trace elements either as dissolved complexes or as dissolved salts of organic acids or as dispersed and stabilised salts of (in)organic acid; (b) oxygen; (c) non-poisonous natural surface-active agents as emulsifier, solvent promoter, complex former, stabiliser, and coupler, e.g. for metal salts and organic acids; (d) natural materials, which act in small traces as reaction releaser; (e) natural component suitable for purifying engages and firing devices; (f) components which deacidify soils; and (g) natural non-poisonous components whose non-poisonous combustion products compete with ozone killers in the atmosphere and thus protect the ozone layer.

Reibungsabänderungszusätze für Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen und Verfahren zu deren Verwendung

Zusatzmittel zum Dieseltreibstoff

Treibstoffzusammensetzungen

Vorgeschlagen werden Treibstoffzusammensetzungen, frei von alkoxylierten Verbindungen, enthaltend mindestens 90 Gew.-% eines Treibstoffs auf Kohlenwasserstoffbasis, 0,5 bis 9 Gew.-% trockenem Ethanol und 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% eines Additivs, bei dem es sich um ein Umsetzungsprodukt aus der Reaktion von Di- oder Trialkanolaminen mit Pflanzenölen oder mit Alkylestern der Fettsäuregemische aus Pflanzenölen handelt.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel supplements

... 308,610. Ducamp, A. J. March 24, 1928, [Convention date]. Motor spirit is made less liable to knock by adding thereto mercury cyanide, e.g. 0.1-1.0 gram to 10 litres of petrol. The cyanide is dissolved direct in alcohol fuels. It may be dispersed in hydrocarbon fuels by either (1) first dissolving in a 50-50 mixture of 90 per cent alcohol and ether, maybe adding a fatty substance, and dissolving this solution in the petrol, etc.; or (2) first dissolving in glycerine, preferably adding phenol, and also olive oil or codliver oil or petroleum or other fatty substance and an alkaline substance such as sodium hydrate, and adding to the petrol &c.

Improvements in the production of fuels for internal combustion engines

Motor spirit is obtained by emulsifying an explosive such as nitroglycerine, nitro-guanidine, nitrocellulose, trinitrophenol or trinitrotoluene in vegetable oil, and dissolving the emulsion in an alcohol or other solvent or solvents which is or some of which are fuels. The explosive may first be dissolved in alcohol, acetone, acetic acid, or other solvent, the solution emulsified with the vegetable oil, and this solvent removed before solution of the emulsion in the fuel. Nitrobenzene, acetone, ether or other suitable substance may be added. Vegetable oils specified are castor, cottonseed, linseed, soya-bean, peanut, rice, grain, poppy, olive, hemp, colza, tomato seed, raisin seed, sesame and walnut oils. In an example, a solution of 100 kg. of nitro-guanidine in 300 kg. of commercially pure acetone is emulsified with 100 kg. of castor oil, and the acetone is removed by evaporation. 8 lb. of the resulting emulsion, 70 lb. of petrol, 10 lb. of ethyl alcohol, 10 lb. of acetone, and 2 lb.

Improvements in and relating to fuels for use in internal combustion engines and for other purposes

Motor fuels are improved by the addition of a mixture of ether, paraldehyde, tetrahydronaphthalene, and an upper cylinder lubricant. The mixture may also contain acetone, a solid lubricant such as colloidal graphite, and an organic basic material, e.g. aniline, toluidine. Lubricants specified are fish, animal, vegetable, and mineral oils, or mixtures thereof. Example. 75 litres of ether, 25 of spindle oil, 1--2 of soya bean oil, 20 of tetrahydronaphthalene, and 10 of paraldehyde are mixed, and 0,5 per cent of mixture is added to petrol or other hydrocarbon fuel, and up to 1,0 per cent to alcohol or mixed fuels.

Bio-fuel composition and method for manufacture of bio-fuel composition

Two-cycle engine lubricant oil

A lubricating oil composition for two-cycle engines comprises a major amount of a base lubricating oil and a smoke reducing amount of at least one oil-soluble and fuel-soluble manganese carbonyl compound.

Fuel formulation

Fuel formulations

Lignocellulose conversion processes and products

Smoke point raising additive

Fruit, product obtained by processing fruit, residuum obtained by pressing the juice from fruit, fermented liquid obtained by fermenting each of them or residuum obtained from the fermented liquid is heated or heated under reflux and extracted with an organic solvent. The resulting solvent layer has the effect of raising the smoke point of fuel.

Improvement in corrosion preventive compositions

... 578,476. Mineral oils; coating compositions for protecting metals. STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT CO. Dec. 24. 1941, No. 16606. Convention date, June 29, 1940. [Classes 91 and 95] Metal corrosion is prevented by coating the surface of the metal with a composition comprising a protective base and an amine having the general formula HOR-#N, where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, R<1> is hydrogen or an aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon radical and R" is an aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon radical. Suitable amines are diethyl amino ethanol, dibutyl amino ethanol, phenyl ethanolamine and p-tertiary amyl phenyl monoethanolamine, while the protective base may comprise a mixture of all three of (i) mahogany soap (ii) saponifiable fatty materials such as wool fat, fatty oils, cottonseed pitch, linseed distillation residues, stearin pitch or distillation residues of oxidized hydrocarbons and (iii) heavy mineral or synthetic oil. The corrosion-preventive composition may contain naphtha or other light hydrocarbon ...

REODORANT COMPOSITION

Preparation of suspensions of water-soluble solids in oleaginous media

A method of preparing a suspension of a water-soluble solid in an oily medium is to form a water-in-oil emulsion of the aqueous solution of the solid with oleaginous liquid using a vegetable wax as an emulsifying agent and thereafter dehydrating the emulsion. The oleaginous liquid may be a mineral oil (e.g. a lubricating oil, a residue, a fuel oil or kerosine), castor oil, a diester, a polyglycol, a polyether or a silicon-containing synthetic oil. It may be also thickened to form a lubricating grease. Solids which are suspended in the media include alkali metal and ammonium nitrites, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulphites, borates, chlorates, perchlorates, hypochlorites, silicates, phosphates, salicylates, citrates, tannates, lactates, tartrates, oxalates, phthalates, acetates, iodates, arsenites, chromates, molybdates and tungstates; amine nitrites, phosphates and iodates; hydroxy fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy polycarboxylic acids, sodium benzoate, amides and amino acids. Waxes ...

Biofuel composition and method of producing a biofuel

Method for obtaining a fuel from jatropha seeds that are rich in fat

A biofuel composition, process of preparation and a method of fueling thereof.

Fuel for advance vapour phase combustion.

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel and gasoline combustion engines. The fuel comprises EHS (Enhanced Combustion Structure) compounds and a combustion-improving amount of fuel soluble metallic compounds of high heating value. The EHS compounds have a latent heat of evaporation of at least 21 kJ/mol at boiling point and a laminar Bunsen flame velocity of at least 40 cm/sec. The combustion-improving fuel of soluble metallic compounds has a heating value of at least 5000 Kcal/kg ...

A biofuel composition, process of preparation and a method fo fueling thereof

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

Biofuel composition and method of producing a biofuel

METHOD FOR OBTAINING A FUEL FROM JATROPHA SEEDS THAT ARE RICH IN FAT

METHOD FOR FRACTIONATING JATROPHA SEEDS

Fuel composition comprising a heavy fuel oil and biomass product

Method for fractionating jatropha seeds

Unleaded mmt fuel compositions

A biofuel composition, process of preparation and a method of fueling thereof.

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

Method for fractionating jatropha seeds

Method for obtaining a fuel from jatropha seeds that are rich in fat

Biofuel composition and method of producing a biofuel

Fuel composition comprising a heavy fuel oil and biomass product

Method for obtaining a fuel from jatropha seeds that are rich in fat

Method for fractionating jatropha seeds

A biofuel composition, process of preparation and a method of fueling thereof.

DEODORANTZUSAMMENSEZTUNG.

Liquid for igniting the oil of Ölöfen od. such.

GASOLINE CONTAINING VEGETALBE OILS WITH 1,8-CINEOLE

Production of biofuel and protein from a raw material

Direct method of producing fatty acid esters from microbial biomass

A method of producing fatty acid esters in situ from microbial biomass such as algae is provided by treating microbial biomass with a solution containing an alcohol and at least one -hydroxysulfonic acid. Fatty acid ester can be directly recovered from the treated microbial biomass. The -hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the treated microbial biomass and recycled.

Lubricity additive for fuel with a low sulfur content

The invention relates to a lubricity additive for fuel, particularly for diesel fuel, directly obtained from the acidification of a soapstock produced by a method for refining at least one vegetable and/or animal oil. The lubricity additive according to the invention is more specifically used for fuels that have a low sulfur content, for example, lower than 500ppm (weight).

FUEL COMPOSITION

Composition for control of induction system deposits

Additives and fuel oil compositions

FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION AND FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD THEREOF

A fuel additive composition includes a reaction product of a succinic acylating agent and a polyamine having at least one condensable primary amine group where the reaction product has a ratio of the imide to amide infrared carbonyl absorption peak areas of about 1:0.0-0.6 and a water content of about 0.3 % or less by weight. The succinic acylating agent is prepared by thermal condensation of a highly reactive polyolefin with maleic anhydride or a reactive equivalent thereof. This fuel additive composition has a low chlorine content and is very effective in fuel compositions that include a normally liquid fuel in reducing deposits in the fuel intake system of an internal combustion engine.

FUEL OR FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE AND USE

Embodiments of a composition useful as a fuel or fuel additive are provided. Certain disclosed embodiments of the composition comprise mid to low flash point naptha, at least one alcohol having a ratio of between about 1 to about 4carbon atoms to 1 hydroxyl functional group, at least one lubricating oil, and at least one oxygenated natural aromatic compound, wherein the oxygenated natural aromatic compound has a flash point between about 60 °C and about 160 °C, has at least one oxygenated functional group, and is soluble in the composition.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR USING ORGANIC, PLANT-DERIVED, OIL-EXTRACTED MATERIALS IN FOSSIL FUELS FOR REDUCED EMISSIONS

A fuel additive is provided that includes a plant oil extract, .beta.- carotene, and jojoba oil. The additive may be added to any liquid hydrocarbon fuel, coal, or other hydrocarbonaceous combustible fuel to reduce emissions of undesired components during combustion of the fuel. A method for preparing the additive is also provided.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RENEWABLE FUEL

IMPROVED FUEL ADDITIVE FORMULATION AND METHOD OF USING SAME

An improved fuel additive formulation, method of use, and method of producing the fuel formulation are described. The improved fuel additive of the present invention comprises a mixture of nitroparaffins (comprising nitromethane, nitroethane, and nitropropane), and a combination of modified commercially available ester oil and/or a solubilizing agent, and/or toluene. The ratio of ester oil and/or solubilizing agent and/or toluence to nitroparaffin is preferably less than 20 volume percent, with nitroparffins comprising the balance of the additive. A method of preparing and using the additive formulation is also provided.

PROCESS FOR FORMING AN EMULSION USING MICROCHANNEL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

The disclosed invention relates to a process for making an emulsion. The process comprises: flowing a first liquid through a process microchannel, the process microchannel having a wall with an apertured section; flowing a second liquid through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first liquid, the first liquid forming a continuous phase, the second liquid forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING MATERIAL OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN

The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for purifying tall oil material for the production of biofuels and components thereof. The present invention relates further to hydroprocessing of the purified material to obtain biofuels and components thereof.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING MATERIAL OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN

The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for purifying tall oil material for the production of biofuels and components thereof. The present invention relates further to hydroprocessing of the purified material to obtain biofuels and components thereof.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE DEVOLATILIZATION OF THERMALLY PRODUCED LIQUIDS

Methods and systems for the devolatilization of thermally produced liquids to raise the flash point are disclosed. Various methods and apparatus can be used to effectively reduce the volatile components, such as wiped film evaporator, falling film evaporator, flash column, packed column, devolatilization vessel or tank.

GAS OIL COMPOSITION

A gas oil composition for motor vehicles, with a sulfur content lower than 0.2% by weight and with a content of aromatic hydrocarbons lower than about 30% by weight, contains, as a lubricity improver agent, an amount of from 100 to 10.000 ppm (parts per million parts by weight) of lower (C1-C5) alkyl esters of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated C12-C22 fatty acids, derived from vegetable oleaginous seeds.

UNLEADED MMT FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, relates to fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure.

Brennstoffgemisch.

Schmiermittel

Produit pour l'allumage des poêles à mazout et appareils analogues

Device fur the regular supply from different flussigen fuels to the internal burn in a diesel engine or in several diesel engines.

Sulfur-poor, additivierter Diesel fuel with improved lubricating action and increased density.

НОВАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ БИОТОПЛИВА

Целью настоящего изобретения является новая композиция алкилового эфира (эфиров) рапсовых семян. Другой целью настоящего изобретения является способ получения указанной новой композиции алкилового эфира (эфиров) рапсовых семян. Другая цель настоящего изобретения относится к применению указанной композиции в дизельных двигателях в чистом виде или в смеси с другой композицией, например с топливом.

ПОЛИМЕРНАЯ НАНОЭМУЛЬСИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ДОБАВКИ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОГО СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ МНОГОФАЗНОГО ПОТОКА

Наноэмульсии полимеров для увеличения расхода и снижения гидравлического сопротивления и трения в трубопроводах для многофазных текучих сред, включающих нефть и воду (например, нефть/вода, нефть/вода/газ, нефть/вода/твердые частицы и нефть/вода/газ/твердые частицы), таких какие применяются при нефте- и газодобыче, сборе и перекачивании; гидравлическом транспорте нефтеносного песка или суспензий сырой нефти и т.п. Конкретные примеры соответствующих полимеров, снижающих гидравлическое сопротивление, включают полиакриламид. Эмульсии имеют углеводородную дисперсионную фазу, капельки дисперсной водной фазы с растворенным в ней водорастворимым полимером, имеющие средний размер частиц менее примерно 200 нм, и по меньшей мере одно поверхностно-активное вещество для образования стойкой наноэмульсии. Наноэмульсии преимущественно имеют низкую вязкость не более приблизительно 200 сП.

НОВАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ БИОТОПЛИВА

Целью настоящего изобретения является новая композиция алкилового эфира (эфиров) рапсовых семян. Другой целью настоящего изобретения является способ получения указанной новой композиции алкилового эфира (эфиров) рапсовых семян. Другая цель настоящего изобретения относится к применению указанной композиции в дизельных двигателях в чистом виде или в смеси с другой композицией, например, с топливом.

COMPOSITION OF NEW DIESEL FUEL, SUITABLE FOR DIESEL ENGINES

Environment-friendly gasoline additive and preparation method and preparation equipment of additive

Equipment and method for producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel

FUEL AVIATION CONTAINING A PROPORTION OF COMPOSE ORGANIC EX-BIOMASSE

La présente invention a pour objet un carburant aviation comprenant de 1 à 100 % poids d'une fraction d'un composé, obtenu par transformation chimique à partir d'acides gras mono insaturés éventuellement hydroxylés, naturels et renouvelables de longueur de chaîne au moins égale à 14 atomes de carbone, choisi parmi les nitriles et les esters d'acides gras moyens comportant de 7 à 12 atomes de carbone par molécule et de 0 à 99 % poids d'un kérosène issu du pétrole répondant aux spécifications mondiales des carburants aviation .

Mix combustible containing fuel oil and its use in the spark-ignition engines, burners or others

A method for preventing the premature detonation in the internal combustion engines

ADDITIVE FOR LIQUID FUEL, LIQUID FUEL the CONTAINER AND ITS USE FOR the APPARATUSES OF COOKING AND/OR HEATING AND/OR ENERGY PRODUCTION

Device for enrichment of air breathed from gear box of heat engine,

Dispositif permettant l'amélioration de la combustion des moteurs thermiques grâce à une catalyse homogène. L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'injecter dans les chambres de combustion des moteurs thermiques un mélange gazeux catalytique, dans le but d'améliorer la combustion et de réduire les rejets. Ce dispositif est constitué d'un flacon contenant un liquide composé de distillats pétroliers ou d'essences ou huiles végétales, muni d'une arrivée d'air en partie basse, et d'une sortie en partie haute, raccordée à la conduite d'admission, de telle façon que l'air aspiré par la dépression régnant dans ce conduit, se charge en vapeurs catalytiques lors de son passage à travers le liquide contenu dans le flacon. Le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné à la réduction de la pollution des moteurs Diesels.

FUEL COMPSOITION AND ITS USE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

AGENTS POUR L'ELEVATION DU POINT DE FUMEE

PRODUIT POUR ELEVER LE POINT DE FUMEE DE COMBUSTIBLES. IL EST OBTENU PAR TRAITEMENT A CHAUD, SUIVI D'EXTRACTION PAR UN SOLVANT ORGANIQUE, DE FRUITS, PRODUITS OBTENUS PAR TRAITEMENT DE FRUITS, RESIDUS PROVENANT DU PRESSAGE DE FRUITS EN VUE DE L'OBTENTION DE JUS DE FRUITS, LIQUIDES FERMENTES OBTENUS LORS DE LA FERMENTATION DES PRECEDENTS, OU RESIDUS OBTENUS A PARTIR DES LIQUIDES FERMENTES. LA COUCHE SOLVANT RESULTANTE SE REVELE EFFICACE POUR ELEVER LE POINT DE FUMEE DE COMBUSTIBLES ...

저황 함량 연료용 윤활 첨가제

... 저황 함량 연료용 윤활 첨가제 본 발명은 적어도 하나의 식물유 및/또는 동물유를 정제하기 위한 방법에 의해 생성된 비누화물의 산성화로부터 직접적으로 수득되는, 연료용, 특히 디젤 연료용 윤활 첨가제에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 윤활 첨가제는 더욱 상세하게는 저황 함량, 예를 들어, 500 ppm(중량으로) 미만의 함량을 갖는 연료용으로 사용된다.

Bioraffinering av rå tallolja

COMPOSITION AND METHODS FOR IMPROVED LUBRICATION, POUR POINT, AND FUEL PERFORMANCE

An additive includes polyalphaolefin (PAO), a calcium source, and one or more oils from, or components derived from, beans, seeds, or roots, such as castor oil, jojoba oil, rape (canola) seed oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, etc.. The preferred composition of matter comprises a calcium source, PAO, castor oil, jojoba oil, and a soy methyl ester and/or rape seed methyl or ethyl ester. The additive may be used in fuels that improve combustion engine performance in terms of efficiency and emissions. The additive may be used in lubricants that improve performance of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal components of engines, guns, or other machinery. The additive also may be used in cutting fluids for machining and fabrication. Used in conjunction with other additives, embodiments of the invention may be used to lower pour points in oils, esters and other similar products.

PROCESS FOR PURIFICATION OF BIODIESEL AND BIODIESEL OBTAINED BY SAID PROCESS

The present invention is directed to a process for biodiesel purification comprising the step of percolating biodiesel through a percolation system that comprises at least one percolation column comprising thermally activated bauxite and/or chemically activated bauxite. The present invention is further directed to a biodiesel obtained by said process.

BIO-FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURE OF BIO-FUEL COMPOSITION

The invention relates to a liquid bio-fuel mixture, and uses thereof in the generation of electrical power, mechanical power and/or heat. The liquid bio-fuel mixture is macroscopically single phase, and comprises a liquid condensate product of biomass fast pyrolysis, a bio-diesel component and an ethanol component.

HYDROCARBON FUEL ANTIOXIDANT AND USE METHOD THEREFOR

A hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprising a compound, a precursor or a derivative of the compound having the following molecular structure: R1-(CnHm)-R2, where n and m are positive integers, where the -(CnHm)- group is three or more straight-chain molecular fragments consisting of 50 or less covalently linked carbon atoms, and where R1 and R2 comprise aromatic ring or carboxylic acid or hydroxyl or alkyl groups. The aromatic ring groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic, or may be heterocyclic having oxygen or nitrogen, and may be with substituent or without substituent. The antioxidant comprises one or more straight-chain or cyclic conjugated bonds constituted by conjugated double bonds. The cyclic conjugated double bond is provided in the aromatic ring at the end; the straight-chain conjugated double bond is provided in the carbon chain at the mid-section. The antioxidant has a significant absorption peak within the ultraviolet wavelength range between 250 nm and 400 nm. The hydrocarbon ...

HYDROCARBON OIL MODIFIER, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF MODIFYING HYDROCARBON OIL WITH THE SAME

A hydrocarbon oil modifier which, when added to a hydrocarbon oil, e.g., gasoline, jet fuel, gas oil, heavy oil, or kerosene, modifies the hydrocarbon oil so that the hydrocarbon oil, when used as a fuel, can be burnt nearly completely. As a result, the exhaust gas can be reduced in the content of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and suspended particulate substances, which are causative of air pollution. Furthermore, fuel efficiency is improved, and the consumption of hydrocarbon oils and the amount of carbon dioxide to be generated can be reduced. The hydrocarbon oil modifier is hence excellent in environmental preservation. It is further excellent in dispersibility in hydrocarbon oils and storability. The hydrocarbon oil modifier comprises: a liquid by-product of dry distillation comprising wood vinegar and/or bamboo vinegar obtained by the dry distillation of wood and/or bamboo; and sulfur.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RENEWABLE FUEL

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

LOWER ALCOHOL ACTIVATED WITH PLOUGH CATALYST AND FUEL ADDITIVE COMPRISING THE SAME

A fuel additive which can inhibit the emission of harmful gases from a fuel such as gasoline or gas oil without adversely influencing the consumption of the fuel and with which the fuel can be stably stored; and a fuel composition containing the fuel additive added thereto. Also provided are: a method of activating a lower alcohol which comprises bringing the lower alcohol into contact with a substance activated by heating and pressurizing in the presence of wood vinegar and/or bamboo vinegar or with a material formed by processing the substance; a lower alcohol activated by the method; and one or more lower alcohols comprising the activated lower alcohol. The fuel additive comprises the one or more lower alcohols. The fuel composition comprises a fuel and the fuel additive.

BIODIESEL FUEL COMPOSITIONS HAVING INCREASED OXIDATIVE STABILITY

The present invention relates to biodiesel fuel compositions that have improved oxidation stability. More specifically, the biodiesel fuel compositions include at least one antioxidant that increases the oxidative stability of the fuel. The biodiesel fuel compositions may also include an antioxidant mixture, or an antioxidant mixture in combination with a polar and/or nonpolar solvent, that increases the oxidative stability of the fuel.

VAPOR PHASE COMBUSTION METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS

Method of reduced temperature metallic vapor phase combustion for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, it relates to methods and composition of metal-containing fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure capable of increasing combustion burning velocity and reducing combustion temperature.

PYROLYSIS OIL CONTAINING FUEL AND USE THEREOF, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE FUEL, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME

The present disclosure refers to a fuel free of emulsifiers, wherein the fuel may be an emulsion of (a) at least one of a mineral oil, synthetic oil, or natural oil in (b) a pyrolysis oil with a percent weight ratio, (a):(b), of 1 to 15:99 to 85. The Sauter Mean Diameter of droplets of (a) in the emulsion may be 1 micrometer to 15 micrometers. An internal combustion engine system may comprise a reservoir for pyrolysis oil and a reservoir for at least one of a mineral oil, synthetic oil, or natural oil, and a homogenizer configured to provide an emulsion from said oils. The homogenizer may include an inlet connected with said reservoirs and an outlet. The system may also comprise an internal combustion engine which may include at least one combustion chamber, wherein the outlet of the homogenizer may be connected to the internal combustion engine. 1. A fuel tree of emulsifiers , comprising: (a) at least one of a mineral oil, a synthetic oil, or a natural oil, and', '(b) a pyrolysis oil;, 'an emulsion ofthe emulsion comprising a ratio of (a):(b), in percent weight, of 1 to 15:99 to 85, wherein a Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of droplets of (a) in the emulsion is in a range of 1 micrometer to 15 micrometers.2. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the mineral oil is a mineral based diesel oil claim 1 , the synthetic oil is a synthetic diesel oil claim 1 , and the natural oil is a biodiesel.3. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of (a):(b) claim 1 , in percent weight % claim 1 , is 3 to 13:97 to 87.4. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the SMD of droplets of (a) in the emulsion is in a range of 2 micrometers to 10 micrometers5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. An internal combustion engine system claim 1 , comprising:a reservoir for pyrolysis oil;a reservoir for at least one of a mineral oil, a synthetic oil, or a natural oil;a homogenizer configured to provide an emulsion from the pyrolysis oil and the at least one oil, the homogenizer including an inlet connected with the ...

Vacuum cleaner bag with deodorizer and method of making a meltspun nonwoven

METHOD FOR FRACTIONATING JATROPHA SEEDS

Fuel oiliness addtive

New additive compositions for improving the lubricating power of low sulfur petrol, diesel and jet fuels contain glycerol monoester New additive formulations which restore the lubricating properties of motor fuels depleted of sulfur and aromatics. - New oiliness additives for motor fuels, particularly those of a S content lower than 500 ppm, which mainly comprises 5 - 95% of a glycerol monoester (IA) or (IB): - R1-(CO)-O-CH2CHOH-CH2OH (IA) - R1-(CO)-O-CH(CH2OH)2 (IB) - R1 = linear or slightly branched 8 - 24C alkyl or 8 - 60C cyclic or polycyclic; - and 5 - 95% of a compound (II): - R2-(CO)-X (II) - R2 = R1; - X = OR0 (R0 is 1 - 8C alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxyl and/or ester) or primary or secondary amines, alkanolamines and/or 1 - 18C polyamines. - Independent claims are also included for the preparation of the additives and fuel compositions containing the additives.

VAPOR PHASE COMBUSTION METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS

Method of reduced temperature metallic vapor phase combustion for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, it relates to methods and composition of metal-containing fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure capable of increasing combustion burning velocity and reducing combustion temperature.

Pour point depressant treated fatty acid esters as biodegradable, combustion engine fuels

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ГАЗОЙЛЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к композиции газойля для зимнего применения, которая обеспечивает одновременное снижение нагрузки на окружающую среду. Технический результат - отличные низкотемпературные свойства и низкий расход топлива. Композиция газойля содержит в расчете на ее общую массу синтетическое базовое масло ФТ (Фишера-Тропша) и/или гидрированное животное или растительное масло с конкретными свойствами в количестве 70% по объему или больше и 98% по объему или меньше, нефтяное базовое масло с конкретными свойствами в количестве 2% по объему или больше и 30% по объему или меньше и присадку, которая повышает хладотекучесть, такой присадкой является сополимер этилен-винилацетата и/или соединение с поверхностно-активным действием. Каждое из масел характеризуется температурами 10%, 90% дистилляции, конечной температурой дистилляции, содержанием нормальных парафинов, нафтеновых, содержанием серы, композиция характеризуется низкотемпературными свойствами. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 5 табл.

Bio-oil recovery systems

An emulsion-breaking additive is combined with an emulsion concentrate to yield a reaction product and the emulsion concentrate is produced in a process stream and contains entrapped bio-oil. Subsequent phase separating can be accomplished with gravity separation and/or mechanical processing. The emulsion-breaking additive can be native to the process stream. Related systems and methods are also provided.

Natural antimicrobial compositions

The present invention provides novel antimicrobial compositions. In one embodiment, the antimicrobial composition comprises an antimicrobial effective amount of a mixture comprising (a) two or more fatty acids, each of which is natural or naturally derived, and (b) at least one of (i) a natural or naturally derived product, (ii) an alcoholic solvent, or (iii) an organic acid or a salt thereof. The present invention also provides a product comprising a preservative effective amount of the aforementioned mixture.

Fuel compositions and fuel thickeners, including monoglycerides

Various aspects of the present invention generally relate to the field of rheologically modified fuels, including hydrocarbon, hydrophobic, and/or liquid fuels such as alkane-based odorless mineral spirits, paraffin oil and biofuels such as mono-alkyl esters of medium to long chain (C 8 -C 18 ) fatty acids, that have been thickened or gelled, e.g., by precipitation of fatty acid monoglycerides such as glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate. A thickened fire lighting fuel composition is described in some embodiments which includes a hydrocarbon- or alkyl ester-based hydrophobic liquid fuel, and an effective amount of at least one saturated fatty acid monoglyceride. The monoglyceride may be thermo-precipitated in certain instances in the fuel composition causing a substantial increase in the viscosity of the fuel composition.

Diesel microemulsion biofuels

A biofuel can include a diesel fuel, a plant oil, an alcohol viscosity reducer that is either a mixture of a butanol and a C 1 -C 3 alcohol or solely butanol, and a surfactant present at no more than about 1.0% v/v. The biofuel exists as a clear, stable microemulsion at from about −10° C. to about 70° C. with the cloud point and pour point lower than −10° C.

Bio-fuel Composition and Method for Manufacture of Bio-fuel Composition

The invention relates to a liquid bio-fuel mixture, and uses thereof in the generation of electrical power, mechanical power and/or heat. The liquid bio-fuel mixture is macroscopically single phase, and comprises a liquid condensate product of biomass fast pyrolysis, a bio-diesel component and an ethanol component. 1. A liquid bio-fuel mixture comprising:a liquid condensate product of biomass fast pyrolysis;a bio-diesel component;an ethanol component;wherein the liquid bio-fuel mixture is macroscopically single phase.2. A liquid bio-fuel mixture according to wherein the mixture is macroscopically single phase at room temperature.3. A liquid bio-fuel mixture according to wherein: the liquid condensate product of biomass fast pyrolysis is represented as BO claim 1 , the wt % of BO being x; the bio-diesel component is represented as BD claim 1 , the wt % of BD being y; and the ethanol component is represented as EtOH claim 1 , the wt % of EtOH being z claim 1 , the composition of the mixture thereby being representable as (BO)x(BD)y(EtOH)z claim 1 , wherein on a ternary phase diagram having three axes claim 1 , each axis defining respectively the wt % of BO claim 1 , BD claim 1 , and EtOH claim 1 , the mixture having a composition defined by a macroscopic single phase region of the phase diagram claim 1 , said region enclosed at least by a polygon having vertices defined by values for (x claim 1 , y claim 1 , z) of: (0 claim 1 , 15 claim 1 , 85) claim 1 , (5 claim 1 , 57 claim 1 , 38) claim 1 , (8 claim 1 , 46 claim 1 , 46) claim 1 , (13 claim 1 , 35 claim 1 , 52) claim 1 , (20 claim 1 , 24 claim 1 , 56) claim 1 , (30 claim 1 , 12 claim 1 , 58) claim 1 , (40 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 53) claim 1 , (50 claim 1 , 5 claim 1 , 45) claim 1 , (60 claim 1 , 4 claim 1 , 36) claim 1 , (95 claim 1 , 1 claim 1 , 4) claim 1 , and (0 claim 1 , 1 claim 1 , 99).4. A liquid bio-fuel mixture according to wherein said macroscopic single phase region of the phase diagram is enclosed at least ...

Systems and Methods for Developing Terrestrial and Algal Biomass Feedstocks and Bio-Refining the Same

Methods and systems for developing and bio-refining or processing biomass feedstocks into a spectrum of bio-based products which can be used as a substitute for fossil oil derivatives in various types of product manufacturing processes and/or the production of bio-energy are disclosed. In addition, methods and systems for identifying, measuring and controlling key parameters in relation to specific biomass developing processes and bio-refining processes so as to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of such processes while standardizing the underlying parameters to facilitate and enhance large-scale production of bio-based products and/or bio-energy are disclosed. 1. A method for processing standardized biomass feedstocks to yield bio-based products , comprising:providing a standardized biomass feedstock;formatting the standardized biomass feedstock for subsequent refinement; andprocessing the standardized biomass feedstock to yield bio-based products therefrom.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a standardized biomass feedstock comprises providing one of: a terrestrial biomass feedstock and a high moisture content biomass feedstock.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the terrestrial biomass feedstock comprises one of: a herbaceous biomass feedstock claim 2 , a woody biomass feedstock claim 2 , an agricultural food claim 2 , an agricultural feed crop claim 2 , an agricultural crop waste claim 2 , an agricultural residue claim 2 , a wood waste claim 2 , a wood residue claim 2 , an aquatic plant claim 2 , a vegetable oil claim 2 , a livestock manure claim 2 , a municipal waste claim 2 , and an industrial waste.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the high moisture content biomass feedstock comprises one of: algae claim 2 , beet pulp claim 2 , and sludge.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a standardized biomass feedstock comprises providing a standardized mixture of constituent biomass feedstock components.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture ...

Biological Oils for Use in Compression Engines and Methods for Producing Such Oils

Disclosed herein are oils, including fatty acid triglyceride and fatty acid ester compositions suitable for the production of biofuel, biofuels, and methods for producing such materials and compositions. These materials and compositions comprise substantially no sterol glycosides. 1. An oil suitable for the production of a biofuel , wherein the oil comprises:substantially no sterol glycosides, andmaterial obtained from a culture comprising one or more oleaginous microorganisms.2. The oil of claim 1 , comprising less than about 15 parts per million of sterol glycosides by weight.3. The oil of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises at least one fatty acid triglyceride.4. The oil of claim 1 , wherein the culture comprises a bacteria claim 1 , cyanobacteria claim 1 , algae claim 1 , or fungus.5Sporidiobolus pararoseusRhodotorula ingenosa.. The oil of claim 1 , wherein the culture comprises or6. The oil of claim 1 , wherein the oil comprises at least one fatty acid triglyceride comprising a fatty portion having from about 8 carbon atoms to about 30 carbon atoms.7. A biofuel made from the oil of .8. The biofuel of claim 7 , wherein the biofuel meets or exceeds biodiesel standard set forth in ASTM standard specification D6751-11b or the European specification EN14214.9. The biofuel of claim 7 , wherein the biofuel meets or exceeds low temperature flow test as set forth in ASTM standard specification D4539.10. A biofuel claim 7 , wherein the biofuel comprises:substantially no sterol glycosides, and{'sub': 1', '4, 'at least one fatty acid C-Calkyl ester derived from an oil obtained from a culture comprising one or more oleaginous microorganisms.'}11. The biofuel of claim 10 , wherein the biofuel comprises at least one fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).12. A method of producing a feedstock suitable for use in the production of a biofuel claim 10 , the method comprising:growing a culture of an oleaginous microorganism in a presence of a carbon source,wherein material produced ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING A SOLID BIOMASS MATERIAL

A process for converting a solid biomass material comprising (a) mixing the solid biomass material with a fluid to form a fluidized biomass stream; and (b) propagating the fluidized biomass stream into the riser reactor via one or more delivery aperture(s); wherein the solid biomass material has a particle size distribution with a mean particle size diameter, and wherein the delivery aperture has a diameter equal to or more than three times the mean particle size diameter of the particle size distribution of the solid biomass material. 1. A process for converting a solid biomass material comprising the steps of:a) mixing a solid biomass material with a fluid to form a fluidized biomass stream; and 'wherein the solid biomass material has a particle size distribution with a mean particle size diameter, and wherein the delivery aperture has a diameter equal to or more than about three times the mean particle size diameter of the particle size distribution of the solid biomass material.', 'b) propagating the fluidized biomass stream into a riser reactor via at least one delivery aperture;'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid biomass material has a particle size distribution with a 99-vol % maximum particle size diameter claim 1 , and the at least one delivery aperture has a diameter equal to or more than about three times said 99-vol % maximum particle size diameter.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of steam claim 1 , vaporized liquefied petroleum gas claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , diesel claim 1 , kerosene claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , methane claim 1 , hydrogen sulphide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , and any combination thereof.4. The process of further comprising propagating the fluidised biomass stream into the riser reactor under a pressure in the range of from equal to or more than about 0.05 to equal to or less than about 0.5 MegaPascal.5. The process of further comprising propagating the ...

EXTRACTION OF NEUTRAL LIPIDS BY A TWO SOLVENT METHOD

A method for separating neutral lipids from plant material, in particular, intact algal cells, using an amphipathic solvent set and a hydrophobic solvent set. Some embodiments include dewatering intact algal cells and then extracting neutral lipids from the algal cells. The methods provide for single and multistep extraction processes which allow for efficient separation of algal neutral lipids from a wet algal biomass while avoiding emulsification of extraction mixtures. The neutral lipids are removed after first removing a polar lipid fraction and a protein fraction. These neutral lipids can be used to generate renewable fuels as well as food products and supplements. 1. A method of separating neutral lipids from intact algal cells , comprising:providing a wet algal biomass comprising intact algal cells which comprise proteins that are soluble in a mixture of an amphipathic solvent and water, polar lipids and neutral lipids;dewatering the wet algal biomass by removing extracellular water to increase the solid content of the wet algal biomass to between 5% and 50% to generate a partially dewatered wet algal biomass;mixing the partially dewatered wet algal biomass with a first amphipathic solvent set in a ratio of about one part first amphipathic solvent set to about one part wet algal biomass by weight, and a first hydrophobic solvent set to generate a first extraction mixture comprising a first heavier phase and a first lighter phase, wherein the first heavier phase comprises the first amphipathic solvent set, neutral lipids, proteins that are soluble in a mixture of an amphipathic solvent and water, and partially dewatered wet algal biomass and the first lighter phase comprises the first hydrophobic solvent set and polar lipids;separating the first lighter phase of the extraction mixture from the first heavier phase of the extraction mixture;separating the partially dewatered wet algal biomass from the first amphipathic solvent set in the first heavier phase of ...

SCENTED LIGHTER FLUID

Lighter fluid having a smoky aroma can be prepared by combining liquid smoke with aliphatic petroleum solvent. The smoke-scented lighter fluid imparts a pleasant scent while it is applied to charcoal briquets and ignited. 1. A composition comprising:an organic extract prepared by(a) mixing 85-99.9% by weight aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and 0.1-15% by weight aqueous solution containing an oil-based savory scent to form a mixture,(b) shaking the mixture;(c) separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase to form a savory-scented composition suitable for use as a lighter fluid.2. The composition recited in claim 1 , wherein the oil-based savory scent contains a herb claim 1 , garlic or citrus scent.3. A method of igniting a barbecue or cooking fire comprising:providing a lighter fluid having a an organic extract prepared by (a) mixing 85-99.9% by weight aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and 0.1-15% by weight aqueous solution containing an oil-based savory scent to form a mixture, (b) shaking the mixture, (c) separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase to form a savory-scented composition,applying the savory-scented composition to charcoal, andigniting the savory-scented composition after it has been applied to the charcoal.4. A composition comprising 85-99.9% by weight aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and 0.1-15% by weight of a savory-scented aqueous solution containing a savory scented component to form a savory-scented composition suitable for use as a lighter fluid.5. The composition recited in claim 4 , wherein the savory scented component is a herb claim 4 , garlic claim 4 , or citrus scented component.6. The composition recited in claim 5 , wherein the 0.1-15% scented component of the savory aqueous solution is oil-based. This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/050,714, filed Mar. 17, 2011.1. The Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to flammable petroleum-based materials used to ignite charcoal fuel heating materials. ...

Process for Producing High-Yield Biodiesel Applying High Acidity Triglycerides with Generation of Glycerin 90% Free of Salts

Process for producing high-yield biodiesel applying high acidity triglycerides with generation of glycerin 90% free of salts starting from fatty lower cost fatty material allied with an esterification and innovative extraction process that generates a further value, more specifically for the production of biodiesel. 1. Process for producing high-yield biodiesel applying high acidity triglycerides with generation of glycerin 90% free of salts , the process comprising the steps of:(a) providing a esterified material with an acidity index of about 30 mgKOH/g;(b) adding methanol at a ratio of from 20% to 40% mass/mass and a catalyst MW at a ratio of from 0.1% to 0.5% mass/mass to the esterified material at a temperature ranging from 45° C. to 65° C., stirring the mixture until the acidity index reaches a value less than 2 mgKOH/g; for a period of time from 60 minutes to 240 minutes;(c) stopping the stirring for 30 minutes, allowing for the mixture to separate, wherein an upper layer is dark and is predominantly composed of methanol, water and coloring agents; and a lower layer is light brown and primarily esterified fatty material and solubilized methanol;(d) transesterificating the lower layer, wherein methanol is added to correct the esterified methanol ratio to 15% mass/mass; heating the mixture to a temperature of from 50° C. to 60° C.; adding sodium methylate; and containing the mixture in a stirring and heating container until the mixed glycerin reaches a value lower than 0.25% mass/mass;(e) stopping the stirring for 30 minutes, allowing for the mixture to separate, wherein an upper layer is of biodiesel with 98% conversion and a lower layer is of crude glycerin, from 50% to 65% glycerol, containing free methanol, fatty material selected from the group consisting of: soaps, esters, glycerides, moisture and mixtures thereof; distilling the lower layer to remove the free methanol;(f) treating the crude glycerin originating from steps (b) to (e);(g) adding fatty acid ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING MATERIAL OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN

The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for purifying tall oil material for the production of biofuels and components thereof. The present invention relates further to hydroprocessing of the purified material to obtain biofuels and components thereof. 1. A process for purifying tall oil material , comprising the following steps(a) evaporating the tall oil material in a first evaporation step (E) to produce a first fraction comprising hydrocarbons having a boiling point of up to 250° C. (NTP) and water and a second fraction comprising fatty acids, resin acids, neutral substances and residue components,wherein the evaporation step is performed at a temperature of 50 to 250° C. and at a pressure of 5 to 100 mbar,(b) evaporating said second fraction in at least one further evaporation step (G; F,G) to produce a third fraction comprising fatty acids, resin acids and neutral substances having a boiling point under 500° C. (NTP), and a residue fraction, and(c) recovering said first fraction, third fraction and residue fraction.2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that said at least one further evaporation step (G; F claim 1 ,G) is performed in one step (G) or in two steps (F claim 1 ,G).3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that said at least one further evaporation step (G; F claim 1 ,G) is performed in one step (G) at a temperature of 200 to 450° C. and at a pressure of 0 to 50 mbar.4. The process according to claim 2 , characterized in that said at least one further evaporation step (G; F claim 2 ,G) is performed in two steps (F claim 2 ,G) claim 2 , whereby the first (F) of said two further evaporation steps is performed at a temperature of 180 to 350° C. and at a pressure of 0.1 to 40 mbar and the second (G) of said two further evaporation steps is performed at a temperature of 200 to 450° C. and at a pressure of 0 to 50 mbar.5. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the evaporation in the first ...

TERNARY FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING BIODIESEL, PLANT OIL AND LOWER ALCOHOLS FOR FEEDING DIESEL-CYCLE MOTORS

Fuel compositions based on biodiesel, lower alcohols and plant oil for feeding Diesel cycle engines, enabling more perfect burning, less emission of pollutants and less formation of internal deposits of impurities onto the inner surface of engines. Since the blends exhibit density similar to that of diesel oil, as well as chemical affinity for the latter (since it contains biodiesel, which performs the function of co-solvent), the present invention also relates to compositions of quaternary blends, that is, junction of the ternary blends proposed (biodiesel, lower alcohol and vegetable oil) with petroleum diesel in the most varied proportions. The preferred embodiment of this invention provides the replacement of fuel of non-renewable source (diesel oil) by others of renewable source, which are natural, non-toxic, biodegradable and that have excellent technical performance. 1. A fuel for feeding Diesel cycle engines , characterized by having the following composition:(i) lower alcohol in the proportion range from 10% to 50% by mass;(ii) vegetable oil in the proportion range from 10% to 60% by mass; and(iii) ethyl or methyl ester (biodiesel) in the proportion range from 20% to 80% by mass.2. The fuel for feeding Diesel cycle engines according to claim 1 , characterized by presenting anhydrous alcohol in the form of ethanol claim 1 , preferably of the anhydrous type.3. The fuel for feeding Diesel cycle engines according to claim 1 , characterized by presenting anhydrous alcohol in the form of methanol claim 1 , preferably of the anhydrous type.4. A fuel for feeding Diesel cycle engines characterized by having the following composition:i. lower alcohol, preferably anhydrous, in the proportion range from 10% to 50% by mass;ii. vegetable oil in the proportion range from 10% to 60% by mass; andiii. petrodiesel, biodiesel or any mixture thereof in the proportion range from 20% to 80% by mass.5. A fuel for feeding Diesel cycle engines claim 1 , characterized by having the ...

RENEWABLE BIOFUEL

The present invention provides a stable fuel composition that can be used as a drop-in replacement for number 2 fuel oil without requiring infrastructure changes. The fuel comprises a continuous phase of mostly biofuel, an aqueous disperse phase, and at least one emulsifier. The continuous phase contains about 50 wt % to about 95 wt % of at least one liquid vegetable or liquid animal oil/fat or mixtures thereof; about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % of a renewable or fossil fuel derived thinning solvent or mixtures thereof, with or without 1 wt % to about 25 wt % of a C1-C4 monohydric alcohols, and with or without about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of petroleum middle distillate. The aqueous phase contains about 1 wt % to about 50 wt % of deionized/purified water, with or without 1 wt % to about 25 wt % of a C1-C4 monohydric alcohols. 1. A biofuel composition comprising an aqueous emulsion having:a. a continuous phase comprising about 50 wt % to about 95 wt % of at least one liquid vegetable oil or liquid animal fat or mixtures thereof, and about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % of a renewable or fossil fuel derived thinning solvent or mixtures thereof; andb. an aqueous dispersed phase comprising about 1 wt % to about 50 wt % of deionized/purified water; andc. about 0.05 wt % to about 10 wt % of at least one emulsifier.2. The biofuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component a further comprises about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % of a hydroxyl-containing organic compound selected from the group of C1-C4 monohydric alcohols claim 1 , or about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of petroleum middle distillate.3. The biofuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component b further comprises about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % of a hydroxyl-containing organic compound selected from the group of C1-C4 monohydric alcohols.4. The biofuel of claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier exhibits a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of about 1 to about 7.5. The biofuel of claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier comprises a mixture of at ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL

The present disclosure is directed to the method for producing the biodiesel comprising steps of providing a biomass having an oil, obtaining a crude mixture of the biomass, and then performing a transesterification in which the crude mixture is used as a reacting material thereof to produce the biodiesel. 1. A method for producing a biodiesel , comprising steps of:providing a microalga;disrupting the microalga to obtain a disrupted microalga; andmixing the disrupted microalga directly with a catalyst, an alcohol and a co-solvent to produce the biodiesel.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the disrupted microalga has all of ingredients of the microalga claim 1 , the all of ingredients include a microalgal oil and a residue claim 1 , the microalgal oil and the alcohol are reacted in a transesterification claim 1 , and the catalyst is used to promote the transesterification of the microalgal oil and the alcohol claim 1 , and is one selected from the group consisting of a lipase claim 1 , an acid catalyst claim 1 , a base catalyst and a combination thereof.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the catalyst is an immobilized lipase.4Burkholderia. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the immobilized lipase includes a particle and a lipase of sp. C20 immobilized thereon.5. A biodiesel mixture having the biodiesel produced by the method as claimed in and the residue.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the disrupted microalga is directly mixed with the catalyst claim 1 , the alcohol and the co-solvent without removing any ingredient therefrom after the step of disrupting the microalga to obtain the disrupted microalga.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is a short chain alcohol being one selected from the group consisting of a methanol claim 1 , an ethanol claim 1 , a propanol claim 1 , a butanol claim 1 , a pentanol and a combination thereof claim 1 , and the co-solvent is one selected from the group consisting of a ...

Method for fractionating jatropha seeds

A method for the solvent-free fractionation of jatropha seeds having a phorbol ester content and at least one fraction.

PROCESS FOR PURIFICATION OF BIODIESEL AND BIODIESEL OBTAINED BY SAID PROCESS

The present invention is directed to a process for biodiesel purification comprising the step of percolating biodiesel through a percolation system that comprises at least one percolation column comprising thermally activated bauxite and/or chemically activated bauxite. The present invention is further directed to a biodiesel obtained by said process. 2. The process according to wherein the percolation is carried out in a continuous form.3. (canceled)4. The process according to wherein the auxiliary column is a rectifier column or a stand-by column.59.-. (canceled)10. A biodiesel obtained by a process according to .11. A biodiesel obtained by a process according to .12. A biodiesel obtained by a process according to .13. A process for biodiesel purification comprising percolating biodiesel from at least one of a vegetable oil claim 2 , a vegetable fat claim 2 , and an animal fat through a percolation system claim 2 , the percolation system comprising:at least one percolation column comprising at least one of thermally activated bauxite and chemically activated bauxite;at least one auxiliary column comprising at least one of thermally activated bauxite and chemically activated bauxite;and an ignition combustion system, wherein the at least one of thermally activated bauxite and chemically activated bauxite has a particle size range from 4 to 150 mesh (4.75 to 0.106 mm); wherein the ignition combustion system comprises 20% to 95% aluminum oxide, 0% to 25% ferric oxide, 0% to 6% titanium dioxide, and 0% to 20% silicon dioxide; wherein the ignition combustion system has an ignition loss of 0% to 6%, and wherein the ignition combustion system has a temperature of combustion of 200° C. to 1000° C.;to obtain a biodiesel. The present invention refers to a purification process of biodiesel and a biodiesel obtained by said process.Biodiesel is a natural fuel and is considered a promising alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Being produced from renewable sources, emits fewer ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL

Methods to convert a cellulosic material into a bio-oil. In one embodiment, the method comprises (a) contacting the cellulosic material with a liquid solvent in an inert atmosphere at a reaction temperature in the range from equal to or more than about 260° C. to equal to or less than about 400° C. to produce a product mixture; (b) separating a middle fraction from the product mixture to produce a product mixture middle fraction. A first portion of the product mixture middle fraction can be recycled as part of the liquid solvent in step a). A second portion of the product mixture middle fraction can be used to produce a bio-oil. 1. A process for the conversion of a cellulosic material into a bio-oil , comprising the steps of:a) contacting the cellulosic material with a liquid solvent in an inert atmosphere at a reaction temperature in the range from equal to or more than about 260° C. to equal to or less than about 400° C. to produce a product mixture;b) separating a middle fraction from the product mixture to produce a product mixture middle fraction;c) recycling a first portion of the product mixture middle fraction by using said first portion as part of the liquid solvent; and using a second portion of the product mixture middle fraction to produce a bio-oil.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the liquid solvent comprises at least equal to or more than about 10 wt % of 3rd or higher generation reaction products.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the liquid solvent comprises at least equal to or more than about 10 wt % of a steady state recycle product.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least about 90 wt % of the product mixture middle fraction has a boiling temperature of equal to or more than about 150° C. at about 0.1 MPa and of which about 90 wt % melts at a temperature equal to or less than the reaction temperature.5. The process of wherein at least about 70 wt % of the product mixture middle fraction boils in the range from equal to or more than about ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MATTER CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The present document describes a system and a process for the thermochemical treatment a matter containing organic compounds such as biomass in the form of animals droppings. The system and process may be used for the production of useful energetic products such as biochar, bio-oil and gases from non-condensed vapors. 1. A system for thermochemical treatment of matter containing organic compounds , comprising: a feedstock reservoir having a reservoir entry, and a reservoir exit, for said matter,', a thermochemical reaction chamber entrance coupled to said reservoir exit,', 'a first heat source for thermal treatment of said matter to produce a solid and a vapor, and', 'a thermochemical reaction chamber exit,, 'a thermochemical reaction chamber, having'}, 'at least one auger operatively coupled to said feedstock reservoir and said thermochemical reaction chamber exit to drive said matter from said feedstock reservoir through said thermochemical reaction chamber,', 'a feeder having'}, a separation chamber entrance coupled to said thermochemical reaction chamber exit,', 'a separation device for separation of said solid from said vapor while substantially maintaining said vapor in a gaseous state, and', 'a separation chamber exit for exit of said vapor;, 'a separation chamber, having'}], 'a reactor comprisingat least one controller, operatively coupled to said thermochemical reaction chamber and to said separation chamber, for controlling temperature of said thermochemical reaction chamber and/or said separation chamber.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said feedstock reservoir further comprises a funnel claim 1 , for guiding said matter to said reservoir exit.3. The system of any one of and claim 1 , wherein said reservoir entry comprises a sealed door.4. The system of any one of to claim 1 , wherein said first heat source is chosen from an electrical block claim 1 , a combustion heat source claim 1 , a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , a heat transfer gas claim 1 , a ...

Method and systems for isolation and/or separation of products from production processes

The present invention relates to separation of desired target products from biological, plant, and waste-type material, wherein the desired target products include renewable fuels such as ethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel, wherein the separation is conducted with a cross-flow filtration system having the ability to separate desired products from both non-viscous and viscous medium.

FUEL ADDITIVE AND METHOD FOR USE

Methods of making fuel additives and fuel additive formulations are presented that include degummed lipid acid or lipid ester; a bean oil and/or seed oil; a pour point depressant; and glycerol monooleate or glycerol monostearate. The fuel additives can be added to any fuel and result in advantages such as an increased shelf life. 1. A fuel additive composition of at least four components comprising:from about 0.5% to about 85% of degummed lipid acids or lipid esters;from about 0.5% to about 85% of castor oil;from about 0.5% to about 85% of pour point depressant; andfrom about 0.5% to about 85% of glycerol monooleate or glycerol monostearate.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the degummed lipid acids or lipid esters are chosen from camelina claim 1 , canola and soybean oil.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the pour point depressant is Viscoplex® 10-340.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the percentages of each component is about 25%.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is 25% camelina or canola oil claim 1 , 25% castor oil claim 1 , 25% pour point depressant claim 1 , and 25% glycerol monooleate or glycerol monostearate.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is 10% degummed lipid acid or lipid esters claim 1 , 15% castor oil claim 1 , 50% pour point depressant claim 1 , and 25% glycerol monooleate or glycerol monostearate.7. The composition of wherein the pour point depressant is Viscoplex® 10-305 or Viscoplex® 10-310.8. A method comprising running a diesel engine during winter time on diesel fuel mixed with the composition of .9. A composition comprising the fuel additive of and jet fuel.10. The composition of wherein adding the composition as an additive to gasoline results in improved fuel economy when compared to the gasoline used by itself.11. The fuel additive of further comprising fuel at a ratio of additive to fuel of 0.1 to 99%.12. A composition comprising the fuel additive of and a fuel chosen from diesel ...

Systems and Methods for the Devolatilization of Thermally Produced Liquids

Methods and systems for the devolatilization of thermally produced liquids to raise the flash point are disclosed. Various methods and apparatus can be used to effectively reduce the volatile components, such as wiped film evaporator, falling film evaporator, flash column, packed column, devolatilization vessel or tank.

METHOD FOR OBTAINING A FUEL FROM JATROPHA SEEDS THAT ARE FICH IN FAT

A method for obtaining a fuel from seeds having a fat content of at least 30% by weight, and simultaneously obtaining a protein-rich meal. 1jatropha. A method for obtaining a fuel from seeds having a fat content of at least 30% by weight ,and simultaneously obtaining a protein-rich meal, the method steps comprising:{'i': 'jatropha', 'providing seeds;'}removing husk components from the seeds;comminuting the dehulled seeds;adding one or both of water and acid to the comminuted seeds to form an oil-containing suspension;separating crude oil from the suspension wherein the pH value of the suspension before separation of the crude oil is ≦3.5;oil polishing the crude oil;performing neutralization; anddrying the crude oil.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of de-oiling the protein-rich meal and drying of the de-oiled protein-rich meal.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pH value of added water is ≦3.2.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pH value of the suspension is adjusted with hydrochloric acid before separation of the crude oil.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein water and acid are added claim 1 , and a dwell time of at least 30 minutes is observed.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the separating of the using a decanter.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the oil-containing suspension has a temperature of from 60 to 80° C. before separation of the crude oil.8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the oil-containing suspension has a temperature of from 80 to 95° C. before separation of the crude oil.9. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein a water-to-product ratio is in the range of from 1:2 to 2:1.10. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the water content of the suspension is greater than 35% by weight based on the total mass of the suspension.11jatropha. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of cleaning of the seeds occurs prior to the ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL THROUGH LOWER MOLECULAR WEIGHT ALCOHOL-TARGETED CAVITATION

A method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters from biolipids through transesterification and/or esterification reactions uses a flow-through cavitation device for generating cavitation bubbles in a fluidic reaction medium. The fluidic medium is passed through sequential compartments in the cavitation device having varying diameters and inner surface features to create localized reductions in fluid pressure thus vaporizing volatile alcohols and creating an increased surface area and optimized conditions for the reaction to occur at the gas-liquid interface around the bubbles. 128-. (canceled)29. A method for producing biodiesel from biolipids comprising the steps of:mixing said biolipids with a low-molecular weight alcohol and a catalyst to obtain a two phase, liquid-liquid fluidic reaction mixture;providing a flowpath through a hydrodynamic cavitation device;pumping the fluidic reaction mixture through a multi-jet nozzle in the flowpath, the multi-jet nozzle having a plurality of channels, wherein the multi-jet nozzle creates cavitation features in the fluidic reaction mixture;passing the fluidic reaction mixture through a plurality of spiral guides disposed in a working chamber in the flowpath, wherein the spiral guides create cavitation features in the fluidic reaction mixture;conveying the fluidic reaction mixture through a plurality of flow guides in a vortex chamber, wherein the flow guides and vortex chamber create cavitation features in the fluidic reaction mixture;reacting the biolipids with the low-molecular weight alcohol in each of the pumping, passing and conveying steps to produce the biodiesel and a glycerol; andseparating the biodiesel from the glycerol.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the pumping step comprises the steps of:generating an area of reduced fluid pressure in the fluidic reaction mixture resulting from being pumped through contractions in the plurality of channels causing an increase in fluid velocity, wherein the fluid pressure is ...

BIO-ADDITIVE FOR DIESEL FUEL JET FUEL, OTHER FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

Methods of making fuel additives and fuel additive formulations are presented that include degummed lipid acid or lipid ester; a bean oil and/or seed oil; a pour point depressant; and glycerol monooleate or glycerol monostearate. The fuel additives can be added to any fuel and result in advantages such as an increased shelf life. 1. A biodiesel composition comprising:from about 4.5% to about 95.5.5% of a first 2-13 centistoke polyalpha olefin;from about 95.5% to about 4.5% of a second 2-13 centistoke polyapha olefin;from about 4.5% to about 5.5% polyolefinic ester;from about 4.5% to about 80.5% calcium overbased sulfonate; andfrom about 19.5% to about 20.5% bean or seed oil, wherein the first and second polyalpha olefins have different centistokes values and wherein the particle size of the calcium is between about 50 and 100 angstroms.2. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity value of the first polyalpha olefin is 6 centistoke.3. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity value of the second polyalpha olefin is 2 centistoke.4. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the calcium overbased sulfonate is a C-400CR calcium overbased sulfonate.5. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the bean or seed oil is castor oil.6. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has shelf life of at least 9 months.7. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition will not freeze up to a temperature of −33° F.8. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the addition to diesel claim 1 , biodiesel claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , or bio jet fuels lowers the cloud point by at least 10° F.9. The biodiesel composition of claim 7 , wherein the cloud point is lowered by at least 25° F.10. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the addition to diesel claim 1 , biodiesel claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , or bio jet fuels reduces carbon emissions by at least 10%.11. The biodiesel composition of claim 9 ...

Use Of Nir Spectra For Property Prediction Of Bio-Oils And Fractions Thereof

Disclosed is a method for determining properties of hydrocarbonaceous samples including a component prepared from: 1) the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, or 2) the pyrolytic conversion of biomass with subsequent upgrading. The determination of the property(ies) is by use of a near-infrared spectra based correlation. 1. A method for determining a property for a hydrocarbonaceous sample comprising a component prepared from: 1) the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass , or 2) the pyrolytic conversion of biomass with subsequent upgrading; said method comprising:a) measuring a model property for each of a plurality of model hydrocarbonaceous materials comprising varying amounts of said component;b) acquiring a plurality of model absorbances over a near-infrared spectrum for each of said model hydrocarbonaceous materials;c) correlating said model properties with said plurality of model absorbances to establish a correlation;d) acquiring a plurality of sample absorbances over said near-infrared spectrum for said hydrocarbonaceous sample; ande) comparing said plurality of sample absorbances to said plurality of model absorbances using said correlation to thereby determine said property for said hydrocarbonaceous sample.2. The method of wherein the standard deviation of the wavenumber shift between: 1) a first near-infrared instrument used to acquire an absorbance in steps b) or d) claim 1 , and 2) a second near-infrared instrument is less than about 0.02 wavenumbers.3. The method of wherein the standard deviation of the wavenumber shift between: 1) a first near-infrared instrument used to acquire an absorbance in steps b) or d) claim 1 , and 2) a second near-infrared instrument is less than about 0.01 wavenumbers.4. The method of wherein the standard deviation of the wavenumber shift is sufficient to allow calibration transfer from said first near-infrared instrument to said second near-infrared instrument claim 3 , wherein the root mean square error of prediction ...

NOVEL MICROORGANISM RHIZOBIUM SP. KB10 HAVING PROPERTIES OF PROMOTING GROWH OF BOTRYOCOCCUS BRAUNII AND INCREASING FATTY ACID CONTENT

The present invention relates to sp. KB10 strain having properties of promoting growth of , which is an alga capable of producing biodiesel, and also enhancing production performance of biodiesel. Mores specifically, it relates to novel sp. KB10 strain which has properties of promoting growth of used for biodiesel production and also enhancing content of C18 (i.e., oleate) corresponding to high quality biodiesel component as much as 900%. By using root colonizing bacteria like , it is possible to promote effectively the slow cell growth of and increase as much as possible the oleate amount, which is a high quality biodiesel component. Further, by carrying out mixture culture using such bacteria, problems associated with contamination by other microorganisms during a process of producing biodiesel by culture in an outside environment can be dramatically solved. 1RhizobiumBotryococcus braunii. An isolated sp. KB10 strain (KCTC 12131BP) for promoting growth of strain.2Botryococcus brauniiRhizobiumBotryococcus braunii. A method for promoting growth of comprising co culturing sp. KB10 strain of and strain.3Botryococcus brauniiRhizobiumBotryococcus braunii. The method for promoting growth of according to claim 2 , characterized in that sp. KB10 strain is added in an amount of 0.1 to 10% (v/v) based on culture liquid of strain.4RhizobiumBotryococcus braunii. A method for mass production of fatty acids comprising co culturing sp. KB10 strain of and strain.5. The method for mass production of fatty acids according to claim 4 , characterized in that the fatty acids are oleate claim 4 , linolenate claim 4 , linoleate claim 4 , palmitate claim 4 , palmitoleate claim 4 , or a combination thereof.6RhizobiumBotryococcus braunii. A microorganism formulation for mass production of fatty acids claim 1 , in which the formulation contains co-culture of sp. KB10 strain of and strain as an effective component.7. The microorganism formulation according to claim 6 , characterized in that ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR LEACH EXTRACTION OF MICROORGANISMS

Embodiments herein concern compositions, methods and uses for extracting target compounds from suspension cultures. In certain embodiments, suspension cultures may comprise algal cultures. In some embodiments, compositions and methods include agglomerating ground and dried biomass from a suspension culture prior to extracting target compounds from the culture. 1. A method for extracting target compounds from a biomass , the method comprising:drying a biomass;milling the dried biomass to create fines;agglomerating the fines to create agglomerated particles; andpercolating a solvent through the agglomerated particles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein percolating the solvent through the agglomerated particles includes applying the solvent in accordance with counter-current leach extraction.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein drying the biomass includes drying the microbial biomass at a temperature of 85° C. or greater to 148.5° C. or lower.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting ambient pressure while agglomerating the fines in order to advance dehydration of the biomass.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exposing the agglomerated particle to a non-flammable solvent to create a non-flammable mixture.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the agglomerated particles at atmospheric pressure at a temperature ranging from 85 degrees Fahrenheit up to 150 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the agglomerated particles at a pressure that is less than atmospheric claim 1 , wherein drying the agglomerated particles at the pressure that is less than atmospheric includes lowering the temperature of the agglomerated particles.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is derived from a suspension culture that includes one or more of the following: a microbial biomass of algae claim 1 , bacteria claim 1 , yeast claim 1 , fungi claim 1 , and other microorganism claim 1 , suspended solids in water and ...

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

Fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus

The present application generally relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus having one or more ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil for co-processing the renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction.

CONTINUOUS FRACTIONATION OF CRUDE TALL OIL TO REFINED TALL DIESEL

The present invention describes a process for continuous fractionation of CTO (crude tall oil) to RTD (refined tall diesel), said process comprising:—when removing a stream of TOP (tall oil pitch) the CTO is fed through at least two evaporation zones arranged in series so that one stream of CTO is fed from a first evaporation zone to a second evaporation zone, wherein a TOP stream is produced and fed from the second evaporation zone, wherein a first vapor stream is produced within the first evaporation zone and a second vapor stream is produced within the second evaporation zone and wherein there is a temperature difference of at least 10° C. between the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream; and—feeding the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream into a subsequent fractionation column to produce a stream of RTD from the fractionation column, wherein the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are being fed to different positions, relative to the column height, in the fractionation column, where different conditions are applied to ensure suitable fractionations of a more fatty acid rich material and a more rosin rich material, respectively, and which different positions in the fractionation column are separated by packing means. 1. Process for continuous fractionation of CTO (crude tall oil) to RTD (refined tall diesel) , said process comprising:when removing a stream of TOP (tall oil pitch) the CTO is fed through at least two evaporation zones arranged in series so that one stream of CTO is fed from a first evaporation zone to a second evaporation zone, wherein a TOP stream is produced and fed from the second evaporation zone, wherein a first vapor stream is produced within the first evaporation zone and a second vapor stream is produced within the second evaporation zone and wherein there is a temperature difference of at least 10° C. between the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream; andfeeding the first vapor stream and the second ...

Formulation of a new diesel fuel suitable for diesel engines

The new fuel conceived for diesel engines is formulated using one part of standard diesel fuel and two groups of components with different characteristic rating. The first group is composed by reformulated chemicals, while the second group in made by a blend of vegetal oils properly balanced. The fuel obtained with this formulation has a better thermodynamic performance and allows an appreciable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and particulate matter (PT) output which are, respectively, approximately 50% and 60% lower

ADDITIVE FOR REDUCING VISCOSITY IN HEAVY CRUDE OIL

A method for increasing mobility of a heavy crude oil includes mixing an additive containing saponins and fatty acids with a heavy crude oil, wherein the saponins are derived from 1Sapindus Saponaria.. A method for increasing mobility of a heavy crude oil , comprising mixing an additive containing saponins and fatty acids with a heavy crude oil , wherein the saponins are derived from2Sapindus Saponaria.. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of obtaining the saponins from3Sapindus Saponaria.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saponins are derived from pericarp of the fruit pods of4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saponins are derived by extracting with an organic solvent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saponins are selected from the group consisting of triterpenoids and corresponding 2-β-methyl derivatives with C claim 1 , C claim 1 , C claim 1 , Cand C claim 1 , hexones and furanose.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of saturated claim 1 , unsaturated and polysaturated fatty acids linked to other chemical functional groups.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive is mixed with the heavy hydrocarbon such that the saponins are present in an amount between 0.01 wt. % and 30 wt. % based on weight of the hydrocarbon.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing step forms a single phase dispersion of the additive through the heavy crude oil.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the single phase dispersion has reduced viscosity as compared to the starting heavy crude oil. The invention relates to reduction of viscosity of heavy crude oils and, more particularly, to an additive and method for preparing the additive which help reduce viscosity in heavy crude oil.Biodegradation of crude oil decreases crude oil quality and economic value. The resulting enrichment of heavy polar components leads to an increase in specific gravity, viscosity, (10,000 cps), acidity and content of sulfurs, ...

BIO-ADDITIVE FOR DIESEL FUEL JET FUEL, OTHER FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

Compositions and methods of making bio-additives for diesel fuel, jet fuel and other fuels and lubricant formulations are presented. The compositions include a first polyalphaolefin, a second polyalphaolefin, a polyolefinic ester, a calcium overbased sulfonate, and a bean oil or seed oil. The fuel additives can be added to any fuel and result in advantages, such as a lower cloud point and a better lubricated engine. 1. A biodiesel composition comprising:from about 4.5% to about 95.5% of a first 2-13 centistoke polyalphaolefin;from about 95.5% to about 4.5% of a second 2-13 centistoke polyalphaolefin;from about 4.5% to about 5.5% polyolefinic ester;from about 4.5% to about 80.5% calcium overbased sulfonate; andfrom about 19.5% to about 20.5% bean oil or seed oil, wherein the first and second polyalphaolefins have different centistokes values and wherein the particle size of the calcium is between about 50 and 100 angstroms.2. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity value of the first polyalphaolefin is 6 centistoke.3. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity value of the second polyalphaolefin is 2 centistoke.4. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the calcium overbased sulfonate is a C-400CR calcium overbased sulfonate.5. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the bean oil or seed oil is castor oil.6. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a shelf life of at least 9 months.7. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition will not freeze up to a temperature of −33° F.8. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the addition to diesel claim 1 , biodiesel claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , or bio jet fuels lowers the cloud point by at least 10° F.9. The biodiesel composition of claim 7 , wherein the cloud point is lowered by at least 25° F.10. The biodiesel composition of claim 1 , wherein the addition to diesel claim 1 , biodiesel claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , or bio ...

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION

A partially digested biomass solids is converted in a fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor under hydrothermal catalytic condition with a supported metal catalyst having a high void fraction. The catalyst having high void fraction allows high permeability and extends reaction run time. 1. A lignocellulosic biomass conversion method comprising:(a) providing a solid biomass feedstock containing cellulose, lignin and water in a hydrothermal digestion unit;(b) heating the solid biomass feedstock in the hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a liquor to digest at least a portion of the solid biomass feedstock, thereby forming a hydrolysate comprising partially digested solids and soluble carbohydrates within a liquor phase;{'sup': 2', '2, '(c) contacting at least a portion of the hydrolysate, in one or more first fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor units, with molecular hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 180 degrees C. to less than 300 degrees C. in the presence of a supported metal catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen having an average void fraction of at least 40% and a surface area in the range of 10 m/g to 1000 m/g, thereby at least partially transforming the hydrolysate into a reaction product comprising one or more alcohols in the liquor phase in the one or more first fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor units;'}(d) recirculating at least a portion of the liquor phase and at least a portion of the partially digested solids from the one or more first fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor units to the hydrothermal digestion unit; and(e) transferring at least a portion of the reaction product to a second catalytic reduction reactor unit so as to further transform the soluble carbohydrates into a reaction product.2. The process of wherein the first fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor unit is fluidly coupled to the hydrothermal digestion unit along its height by two or more fluid inlet lines and two or more fluid return lines claim 1 , a ...

ION TOLERANT CORROSION INHIBITORS AND INHIBITOR COMBINATIONS FOR FUELS

This invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion and deposit formation in fuel handling equipment, with reduced or eliminated incidence of fuel filter plugging and internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) in the equipment that eventually employs the final commercially blended form of the fuel. More specifically, the invention relates to inhibiting corrosion from the walls of fuel pipelines and storage equipment and preventing deposits in engines. 1. A composition comprising a mixture of:(a) at least one substituted hydrocarbon additive comprising a short chain hydrocarbon substituted with at least two carboxy functionalities in the form of acids or at least one carboxy functionality in the form of an anhydride, and(b) at least one substituted hydrocarbon additive comprising a long chain hydrocarbon substituted with at least two carboxy functionalities in the form of acids.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one substituted hydrocarbon additive of (a) is a condensation product with an alcohol or an epoxide.3. The composition of wherein the at least one short chain hydrocarbyl of (a) comprises from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms.4. The composition of wherein the carboxy functionality(ies) of (a) comprise(s) 4 to 10 carbon atoms.5. The composition of wherein the alcohol of (a) is at least one of a mono-alcohol claim 1 , diol claim 1 , polyol or alkanolamine.6. The composition of wherein the alcohol of (a) comprises propane diol claim 5 , butane diol.7. The composition of wherein the epoxide of (a) comprises ethylene oxide claim 2 , propylene oxide claim 2 , or butylene oxide.8. The composition of wherein the long chain hydrocarbon of (b) comprises a polyolefin of from about 280 to about 5000 Mw.9. The composition of wherein the carboxy functionalities of (b) comprises 4 to 10 carbon atoms.10. The composition of wherein the composition further comprises (c) a fatty acid and/or dimerized claim 1 , trimerized and/or ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING A SOLID BIOMASS MATERIAL

A process for converting a solid biomass material comprising a) providing a pneumatic fluid; b) dispersing the solid biomass material into the pneumatic fluid to prepare a pneumatic dispersion and transporting the pneumatic dispersion to a reactor; and c) contacting the pneumatic dispersion with a catalyst in the reactor to produce a product stream comprising one or more conversion products. 1. A process for converting a solid biomass material , comprisinga) providing a pneumatic fluid;b) dispersing the solid biomass material into the pneumatic fluid to prepare a pneumatic dispersion and transporting the pneumatic dispersion to a reactor; andc) contacting the pneumatic dispersion with a catalyst in the reactor to produce a product stream comprising one or more conversion products.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pneumatic fluid is an oil or oil fraction.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pneumatic fluid is selected from the group consisting of vaporized liquefied petroleum gas claim 1 , vaporized gasoline claim 1 , vaporized diesel claim 1 , vaporized kerosene claim 1 , vaporized naphtha claim 1 , and any combination thereof.4. The process of further comprising dispersing the solid biomass material in a pneumatic fluid that is pressurized to a pressure in the range from more than 0.10 MegaPascal to equal to or less than 1.00 MegaPascal to prepare the pneumatic dispersion.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the solid biomass material has a particle size distribution with a mean particle size in the range from equal to or more than 100 micrometer to equal to or less than 5000 micrometer.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pneumatic dispersion has a density in the range from equal to or more than 10 kilogram per cubic meter (m) to equal to or less than 4000 kilogram per cubic meter (m).7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a hydrocracking catalyst or a catalytic cracking catalyst and the reactor comprises a hydrocracker reactor or a ...

PROCESS FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING OF A BIOMASS

A process for converting a biomass comprising contacting the biomass with a catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of more than 400° C. in a catalytic cracking reactor to produce a product stream containing one or more cracked products and supplying a biomass to the reactor via a feed nozzle having a feed nozzle outlet located between a first section and a second section of the reactor and downstream of an opening of a catalyst supply pipe connected to the first section, wherein the second section comprises a fluid connection to and located downstream of the first section, the second section having an inner diameter which decreases in a downstream direction. 1. A process for converting a biomass comprisingcontacting a biomass with a catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of more than 400° C. in a catalytic cracking reactor to produce a product stream containing one or more cracked products, andsupplying a biomass to the reactor via a feed nozzle having a feed nozzle outlet located between a first section and a second section of the reactor and downstream of an opening of a catalyst supply pipe connected to the first section, wherein the second section comprises a fluid connection to and located downstream of the first section, the second section having an inner diameter which decreases in a downstream direction.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises a pyrolysis oil derived from a biomass material.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the pyrolysis oil is a pyrolysis oil derived from a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the pyrolysis oil is an at least partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first section comprises an essentially constant inner diameter.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises a third section having a fluid connection to and located downstream of the second section claim 1 , said third section comprises an essentially constant ...

OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

The invention relates to oil-in-water (water continuous) emulsions that can be used as fuels, and which have high static and dynamic stability, to a process for their preparation, and to fuel compositions comprising such emulsions. 1. An oil-in-water emulsion comprising an oil phase; an aqueous phase; from 0.05 to 0.6 wt % of a cationic primary surfactant; and up to 0.25 wt % of a polymeric stabiliser , wherein the polymeric stabiliser comprises one or more cationic polymers , and in particular cationic polymers containing monomers comprising dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate quaternary salts , or dialkylaminoalkylacrylamides or methacrylamides and their quaternary salts; wherein the oil phase is dispersed in the aqueous phase; and wherein the oil-in-water emulsion has the following characteristics:an average droplet size (D[4,3]) in the range of from 3 to 15 μm, wherein the average droplet size if expressed as the Volume Moment Mean and is measured using light scattering techniques;less than 3 wt % of the droplets have a particle size of greater than 125 μm, wherein droplet size is measured using light scattering techniques;{'sup': '−1', 'a viscosity of greater than 50 and up to 700 mPas at 50° C.±10% and 20 s±10%, wherein viscosity is measured on a Malvern Kinexus™ instrument; and'}a static stability of less than 5% residue after centrifugation at 50° C.±10% and 2000 g±10% for 30 minutes ±10%.2. The oil-in-water emulsion as claimed in claim 1 , comprising one or more primary surfactants claim 1 , in which at least one primary surfactant is selected from one or more from the group consisting of fatty alkyl amines claim 1 , ethoxylated fatty alkylamines claim 1 , ethoxylated fatty alkyl monoamines claim 1 , methylated fatty alkyl monoamines claim 1 , methylated fatty alkyl amines claim 1 , and quaternary fatty alkyl amines.3. The oil-in-water emulsion according to claim 1 , having a dynamic stability of less than 0.30 μm increase in mean ( ...

Renewable Heating Fuel Oil

More stable and valuable bio-oil produced from biomasses are provided. More specifically, more stable and valuable bio-oil useful as heating oil, alone or in combination with an oxygenated acyclic component, is provided. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bio-oil having sufficient heating value and stability to be useful as heating oil, alone or in combination with an oxygenated acyclic component, without the need to hydrotreat the bio-oil or use a similar deoxygenating process. 1. A renewable heating fuel oil composition comprising:a) a first component comprising a bio-oil derived from the thermochemical conversion of biomass, wherein the bio-oil comprises: i) an oxygenated component having an oxygen content of at least about 5 wt %, and ii) a non-oxygenated component having an aromatic content of at least about 25 wt %;b) a second component comprising an oxygenated acyclic component comprising open chain molecules having 12 or more carbon atoms per molecule; andwherein the renewable heating fuel oil composition has a heating value of at least about 14,000 Btu/lb.2. The renewable heating fuel oil composition of wherein the oxygen content of the oxygenated component of the bio-oil is from about 10 to about 30 wt %.3. The renewable heating fuel oil composition of wherein the oxygen content of the renewable heating fuel oil composition is from about 5 to about 30 wt %.4. The renewable heating fuel oil composition of wherein the aromatic content of the non-oxygenated component of the bio-oil is from about 30 to about 70 wt %.5. The renewable heating fuel oil composition of wherein the oxygenated component is present in the bio-oil in the range of from about 10 to about 90 wt %.6. The renewable heating fuel oil composition of wherein the non-oxygenated component is present in the bio-oil in the range of from about 20 to about 60 wt %.7. The renewable heating fuel oil composition of wherein the non-oxygenated aromatic content of the ...

LIQUID BIO-FUELS

Liquid bio-fuels and processes for their production are provided. The liquid bio-fuels can have improved stability, less corrosiveness, and/or an improved heating value. 1. A liquid bio-fuel comprising: 50 to 95 weight percent oxygenated hydrocarbons; 5 to 50 weight percent nonoxygenated hydrocarbons; not more than 15 weight percent water; and not more than 2 ,500 ppmw solids , wherein said liquid bio-fuel has an ignition temperature in the range of 175 to 300° C. and a higher heating value at least 9 ,000 btu/lb.2. The liquid bio-fuel of having a stability parameter of not more than 20 cp/h.3. The liquid bio-fuel of having an oxygen content of not more than 20 weight percent.4. The liquid bio-fuel of having a total acid number of not more 90 mg KOH/g.5. The liquid bio-fuel of having a hard solids content of not more than 1 claim 1 ,000 ppmw.6. The liquid bio-fuel of having a viscosity at 40° C. of not more than 125 cps.7. The liquid bio-fuel of having an aromatic content of at least 40 weight percent based on the total weight of said nonoxygenated hydrocarbons and a phenolic content of not more than 80 weight percent based on the total weight of said oxygenated hydrocarbons.8. The liquid bio-fuel of having a 10% boiling point in the range of 160 to 420° C. claim 1 , a 50% boiling point in the range of 340 to 520° C. claim 1 , and a 90% boiling point in the range of 620 to 940° C.9. The liquid bio-fuel of having a specific gravity in the range of 0.75 to 1.1 claim 1 , a flashpoint in the range of 40 to 120° C. claim 1 , a calcium content of not more than 5 claim 1 ,000 ppmw claim 1 , a potassium content of not more than 5 claim 1 ,000 ppmw claim 1 , and a sodium content of not more than 1 claim 1 ,000.10. The liquid bio-fuel of comprising 75 to 90 weight percent of said oxygenated hydrocarbons; 10 to 25 weight percent of said nonoxygenated hydrocarbons; in the range of 2 to 10 weight percent of said water; and not more than 500 ppmw of said solids claim 1 , wherein ...

Asphaltene Stabilization in Petroleum Feedstocks by Blending With Biological Source Oil and/or Chemical Additive

Biological source oils, including, but not limited to, algae oil, stabilize the presence of asphaltenes in petroleum feedstocks, such as crude oil, to help avoid or prevent problematic issues caused by the asphaltenes, such as sludges, plugging, deposits, fouling and/or corrosion in the production, transferring and processing of the petroleum feedstocks. Chemical additives such as phenol-based resins, and reaction products or combinations of long chain alpha-olefins and/or small chain aldehydes and/or long chain alkyl phenate sulfides and/or metal oxide-based colloidal hydrocarbon-based nanodispersions, may also stabilize the presence of asphaltenes in petroleum feedstocks. By “stabilizing” is meant keeping the asphaltenes in solution in the petroleum feedstocks. 1. A method for stabilizing asphaltenes in a petroleum feedstock comprising: at least one biological source oil, where the biological source oil is selected from the group consisting of algae oils, vegetable oils, fish oils, animal oils, cooking oils, biomass derived oils, biocrude and synthetically-produced oils, and mixtures thereof;', alkylphenol-based resins, where the alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of octyl, nonyl, and dodecyl, and derivatives of these alkylphenol-based resins, where an alkylphenol is reacted with an aldehyde in the presence of a sulphonic acid, where the alkyl-phenol based resins are used alone or in conjunction with amines,', 'long chain alpha-olefins having more than 20 carbon atoms reacted with an aldehyde,', 'long chain alkyl phenate sulfides having from 8 to 40 carbon atoms reacted with polyolefins,', 'metal oxide-based colloidal hydrocarbon-based nanodispersions, and', 'combinations of these chemical additives; and, 'at least one chemical additive to improve the stability of asphaltenes in the petroleum feedstock, where the chemical additive is selected from the group consisting of, 'combinations of at least one biological source oil and at least one chemical ...

DEVICE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING ULTRA-LOW SULFUR BIODIESEL

Provided is a device for producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel. The device for producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel is a two-stage processing device, comprising a two-stage purification unit, a two-stage enzyme reaction unit, a two-stage distillation unit, and a decompression rectification unit. The present invention is green and environment-friendly, effectively and completely removing sulfur-containing impurities from the raw material, eliminating the attack of a sulfur-containing group in the synthesis process on fatty acids, and providing sufficient conditions for obtaining ultra-low sulfur content methyl esters in the product section. 1. A device for producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel , wherein the device for producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel is a two-stage processing device , which comprises a two-stage purification unit , a two-stage enzyme reaction unit , and a two-stage distillation unit , and further comprises a decompression rectification unit according to the production process; whereinthe purification unit comprises a raw material storage tank, a heater, a purification tower, a mixer, and a centrifuge that are connected in order through a pipeline;a raw material pump is installed on the pipeline between the raw material storage tank and the heater; an external pipe communicated with the heat source is installed on the heater; a circulation pump is installed on the pipeline between the heater and the purification tower; the lower part of the purification tower is communicated with a wastewater tank, the upper part of the purification tower is communicated with the mixer, and an external pipe communicated with high-pressure methanol water is installed on the mixer; the mixer is communicated with the centrifuge, the bottom of the centrifuge is communicated with the wastewater tank, and the upper part of the centrifuge is communicated with a primary elution raw material storage tank;the device structure and the arrangement of the two-stage purification ...

Utilization of transgenic high oleic soybean oil in industrial applications

Oil compositions derived from transgenic soybeans having a high concentration of oleic acid are described for use in various applications including use to enhance the low temperature pour characteristics of engine fluids. Such oil compositions are useful as lubricants, rail curve grease and engine penetrants.

Low Polysaccharide Microorganisms for Production of Biofuels and Other Renewable Materials

High cell density fermentations of wild-type organisms can result in increased viscosity due to the production of exocellular polysaccharides. Mutant microorganisms with a dry morphology, resulting from reduced exocellular polysaccharide formation, were isolated and characterized. The exocellular polysaccharide composition for these modified microorganisms is shown to be different than the polysaccharide composition of the wild type microorganism. In addition to reduced exocellular polysaccharide formation, dry morphology mutants of multiple strains show reduced viscosity, improved oxygen mass transfer, and improved fatty acid fermentation yield on carbon. 1. An oleaginous microorganism suitable for production of renewable materials , wherein the microorganism comprises a genetic modification not present in an unmodified microorganism , and wherein the modified microorganism produces a fermentation broth having a lower viscosity than a fermentation broth produced by the unmodified microorganism when grown in culture.2. The oleaginous microorganism of claim 1 , wherein the modified microorganism produces a fermentation broth comprising a biomass of at least about 50 grams cellular dry weight per liter and a viscosity of less than about 1 claim 1 ,100 centipoise (cP).3. The oleaginous microorganism of claim 1 , wherein the modified microorganism produces a fermentation broth comprising a biomass of at least about 50 grams cellular dry weight per liter and a viscosity of less than about 30 cP.4. The oleaginous microorganism of claim 1 , wherein the modified microorganism comprises a dry morphology claim 1 , while the unmodified microorganism does not comprise a dry morphology.5. The oleaginous microorganism of claim 1 , the microorganism being the microorganism corresponding to one or more of ATCC Deposit No. PTA-12508 (Strain MK29404 (Dry1-13J)) claim 1 , ATCC Deposit No. PTA-12509 (Strain MK29404 (Dry1-182J)) claim 1 , ATCC Deposit No. PTA-12510 (Strain MK29404 (Dry1 ...

External steam reduction method in a fluidized catalytic cracker

The present disclosure generally relates to methods to reduce the external steam supplied to a fluidized catalytic cracker by injecting a stream comprising a water-containing renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker.

Fluidized catalytic cracker riser quench system

The present application generally relates to a riser quench system comprising a quench line and one or more quench injecting ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil into the riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction as reactants.

Systems and Methods for Renewable Fuel

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for powering a vehicle , comprising: combusting a fuel in an internal combustion engine of the vehicle , the fuel formed by processing the liquid biomass and a petroleum fraction in the presence of a catalyst , the liquid biomass derived from a non-catalytic thermo-mechanical conversion comprising:i) grinding a dried cellulosic biomass; andii) liquefying at least 60 wt. % of the ground dried cellulosic biomass to form the liquid biomass.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the fuel is compliant with a fuel pathway specified in U.S. renewable fuel standard program regulations for generating one or more the cellulosic renewable identification numbers.23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the fuel is a cellulosic renewable identification number qualifying-gasoline.24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the fuel is a cellulosic renewable identification number qualifying-diesel fuel.25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the fuel is associated with a cellulosic renewable identification number.26. The method of claim 21 , wherein the fuel is a D-code 7-compliant fuel.27. The method of claim 21 , wherein the processed liquid biomass has a weight in the range of 1-5 wt. % of the combined weight of the processed liquid biomass and the processed petroleum fraction.28. The method of claim 21 , wherein the non-catalytic thermo- ...

LIGNOCELLULOSE CONVERSION PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS

Processes for converting lignocellulose to feedstock and downstream products are disclosed. The processes may include acid treatment of lignocellulose to produce a fermentation feedstock. In various instances, the processes include recovery or recycling of acid, such as recovery of hydrochloric acid from concentrated and/or dilute streams. Downstream products may include acrylic acid-based products such as diapers, paper and paper-based products, ethanol, biofuels such as biodiesel and fuel additives, and detergents. 165-. (canceled)66. A lignocellulosic-derived carbohydrate mixture comprising: (i) oligomers in a proportion relative to total carbohydrate content of at least 0.06 , (ii) disaccharides in a proportion relative to the total carbohydrate content of at least 0.05 , (iii) pentose in a proportion relative to the total carbohydrate content of at least 0.05 , (iv) an alpha-bonded carbohydrate , (v) a beta bonded carbohydrate , (vi) less than 1000 ppm furfural and (vii) more than 100 ppb S1 solvent characterized by a water solubility of less than 10% and by at least one of (a1) having a a polarity related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-P) between 5 and 10 MPaand (b1) having a hydrogen bonding related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-H) between 5 and 20 MPa.67. A fermentation broth comprising the carbohydrate mixture of .68. A consumable product comprising at least 5% claim 66 , 10% claim 66 , 20% claim 66 , or 50% by weight of a material derived from the lignocellulosic-derived carbohydrate mixture according to .69. The consumable product of claim 68 , wherein the consumable product comprises more than 100 ppb S1 solvent.70. The consumable product of claim 68 , wherein the consumable product has a ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 of about 2.0×10or greater.71. The consumable product of claim 68 , further comprising at least 5% claim 68 , 10% claim 68 , 20% claim 68 , or 50% by weight of a material derived from petroleum.72. The ...

HYDROTHERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF BIOMASS USING WATER TOLERANT CATALYSTS

A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass solids is provided to a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent, and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into an alumina support, which support is predominantly alpha alumina; (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen, and supported hydrogenolysis catalyst thereby forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons, said alumina support having a specific surface area of up to about 30 m/g and said catalyst retaining a crush strength of at least 50% after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test compared with before the aqueous phase stability test or a crush strength of at least 0.25 kg after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test. 1. A method comprising: (i) providing lignocellulosic biomass solids in a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent , and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur , (b) Mo or W , and (c) Co , Ni or mixture thereof , incorporated into an alumina support , which support is predominantly alpha alumina; (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen , and supported hydrogenolysis catalyst thereby forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons , said alumina support having a specific surface area of up to about 30 m/g and said catalyst retaining a crush strength of at least 50% after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test compared with before the aqueous phase stability test.2. The method of wherein the lignocellulosic biomass solids is heated to a temperature in the range of 180° C. to less than 300° C.3. The method of wherein the catalyst retains aqueous phase stability of at least 60% after being subjected to ...

Production of a fuel composition

The present invention relates to a method for production of a fuel composition, more specifically a middle distillate fuel composition, and a composition—in particular a co feed composition comprising a furanyl containing oligomerisation composition admixed with one or more material component comprising fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives and the use of such composition.

PYROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BIO-OIL COMPONENT EXTRACTION

A system is described that includes a pyrolyzer and a primary condenser. The primary condenser is coupled to the pyrolyzer and configured to receive pyrolytic vapors from the pyrolyzer. The primary condenser is further configured to condense the pyrolytic vapors by contacting the pyrolytic vapors with a condensing liquid, to form a bio-oil component mixture having multiple separated phases. At least a portion of the condensing liquid includes a component that is extracted as a separated stable phase from a second bio-oil component mixture resulting from a prior pyrolysis cycle. 1. A pyrolysis system comprising:a pyrolyzer;a primary condenser, coupled to the pyrolyzer and configured to receive pyrolytic vapors from the pyrolyzer, and further configured to condense the pyrolytic vapors by contacting the pyrolytic vapors with a condensing liquid, to form a bio-oil component mixture having multiple separated phases;wherein at least a portion of the condensing liquid comprises a fraction that is extracted as a separated stable phase from a second bio-oil component mixture resulting from a prior pyrolysis cycle.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the condensing liquid is loaded with chemical properties associated with the second bio-oil component mixture.3. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising:an extraction system to extract at least one of the multiple separated phases from the bio-oil component mixture to obtain a second condensing liquid.4. The system according to claim 3 , wherein at least a portion of the second condensing liquid is recycled for use with the condensing liquid.5. The system according to claim 4 , and further comprising:a capture vessel to receive the bio-oil component mixture having multiple separated phases; anda recirculator coupled to the capture vessel and the primary condenser, the recirculator configured to provide at least a portion of the second condensing liquid to the primary condenser.6. The ...

COMPOSITIONS

Additive composition for use in a fuel or lubricant formulation, comprising an active substance in an inclusion complex with a modified cyclodextrin of formula (I): 2. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein in the modified cyclodextrin of formula (I) claim 1 , the groups R claim 1 , Rand Rare independently selected from hydrogen and unsubstituted C1 to C12 alkyl groups.3. The additive composition of claim 2 , wherein at least two of R claim 2 , Rand Rare independently selected from unsubstituted C1 to C12 alkyl groups.4. The additive composition of claim 3 , wherein two of the groups R claim 3 , Rand Rare independently selected from unsubstituted C2 to C8 alkyl groups.5. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein in the modified cyclodextrin of formula (I) claim 1 , the integer n is from 6 to 8.6. The additive composition of claim 5 , wherein in the modified cyclodextrin of formula (I) claim 5 , the integer n is 7.7. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the active substance is an antioxidant.8. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the active substance and the modified cyclodextrin (I) are such that the active substance is released from the cyclodextrin inclusion complex when the additive composition is subjected to a temperature above or below a predetermined value claim 1 , and/or to a pressure above or below a predetermined value claim 1 , and/or is exposed to another species.9. A fuel or lubricant formulation comprising the additive composition of .10. The formulation of claim 9 , wherein the formulation is a gasoline or diesel fuel formulation.11. Use of the additive composition of for one or more of the following purposes:i. modifying the solubility of the active substance in the composition or formulation;ii. modifying the activity of the active substance in the composition or formulation;iii. modifying the stability of the active substance in the composition or formulation;iv. modifying the volatility of the active substance in the ...

FUEL SUPPLEMENT TO REDUCE HARMFUL EMISSIONS

The present invention relates to a Fuel Supplement comprising of selected plant oils mixed in given proportions, which when added to fuels like petrol and diesel can reduce harmful emissions during combustion of fuel. It can significantly decrease the Sulphur content in fuels and thus protect the environment from harmful pollutants. It improves the fuel lubricity and engine performance. It also increases the flash point of Diesel. 1. A fuel supplement to reduce harmful emissions , for petrol , which comprises:{'i': 'Thymus vulgaris', 'Dust of Thymol (extracted from ) in the range of 50 to 125 mg,'}{'i': 'Cinnamomum Camphora', 'Dust of Camphor White (extracted from ) in the range of 100 to 180 mg,'}{'i': 'Mentha arvensis', 'Dust of Mint (extracted from ) in the range of 130 to 210 mg,'}{'i': 'Azadirachta Indica', 'Neem Oil () in the range of 8 to 22 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Ficus benghalensis', 'Banyan Leaf Oil () in the range of 5 to 15 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Saraca asoca', 'Ashoka Leaf Oil () in the range of 4 to 16 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Linum usitatissimum', 'Linseed Oil () in the range of 15 to 25 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Eugenia cayophyllata', 'Clove Oil () in the range of 2 to 10 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Cymbopogan flexuosus', 'Lemongrass Oil () in the range of 10 to 35 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Cinnamomum tamala', 'Indian Bay Leaf Oil () in the range of 1 to 5 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Simmondsia chenesis', 'Jojoba Oil () in the range of 40 to 60 ml v/v'}{'i': 'grandis', 'Teak Oil (Tectona ) in the range of 50 to 75 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Curcuma longa', 'Turmeric Oil () in the range of 0.5 to 5 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Cedrus atlantica', 'Cedarwood Oil () in the range of 1 to 10 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Pinus roxburghii', 'Turpentine Oil () in the range of 60 to 100 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Cocus nucifera', 'Coconut Oil () in the range of 80 to 100 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Helianthus annus', 'Sunflower Oil () in the range of 30 to 80 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Ficus religiosa', 'Peepal Leaf oil () in the range of 35 to 50 ml v/v'}{'i': 'Ocimum basilicum', 'Basil Leaf Oil () in the ...

Lignocellulosic conversion processes and products

Processes for converting lignocellulose to feedstock and downstream products are disclosed. The processes may include acid treatment of lignocellulose to produce a fermentation feedstock. In various instances, the processes include recovery or recycling of acid, such as recovery of hydrochloric acid from concentrated and/or dilute streams. Downstream products may include acrylic acid-based products such as diapers, paper and paper-based products, ethanol, biofuels such as biodiesel and fuel additives, and detergents.

In-Situ Upgrading of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapor

Processes for thermal conversion of biomass are provided. The processes involve upgrading the pyrolysis vapor from a pyrolysis reactor. The steps include thermally converting a biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis reactor, recovering a pyrolysis vapor from the reactor, passing the pyrolysis vapor in contact with a cracking catalyst, a water-gas shift reaction catalyst, a hydrotreating catalyst, and an acid catalyst, and converting the resulting upgraded pyrolysis vapor into a liquid product. The resulting biooil liquid product is more refined, and the overall processes offer economic and energy efficiency. 1. A process for the thermal conversion of biomass comprising the steps of:a) thermal conversion of a biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis reactor;b) recovering a pyrolysis vapor from the reactor;c) passing the pyrolysis vapor in contact with a cracking catalyst, a water-gas shift reaction catalyst, a hydrotreating catalyst, and an acid catalyst to produce an upgraded pyrolysis vapor; andd) converting the upgraded pyrolysis vapor from step c) into a liquid product.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising combining the liquid product directly with crude oil to make a gasoline product.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalysts in step c) are layered in a single reactor.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the catalysts are layered so that the pyrolysis vapor contacts the cracking catalyst first claim 3 , the water-gas shift reaction catalyst second claim 3 , the hydrotreating catalyst third claim 3 , and the acid catalyst last.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the catalysts are layered so that the pyrolysis vapor contacts the water-gas shift reaction catalyst first claim 3 , the hydrotreating catalyst second claim 3 , the acid catalyst third claim 3 , and the cracking catalyst last.6. The process of claim 3 , wherein hydrogen produced in the water-gas shift reaction is used in the hydrotreating catalyst.7. The process of claim 3 , wherein a reaction ...

In-Situ Upgrading Of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapor Using Water-Gas Shift And Hydroprocessing

Processes for thermal conversion of biomass are provided. The processes involve upgrading the pyrolysis vapor from a pyrolysis reactor. The steps include thermally converting a biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis reactor, recovering a pyrolysis vapor from the reactor, passing the pyrolysis vapor in contact with a water-gas shift reaction catalyst and a hydrotreating catalyst, and converting the resulting upgraded pyrolysis vapor into a liquid product. The resulting biooil liquid product is more refined, and the overall processes offer economic and energy efficiency. 1. A process for the thermal conversion of biomass comprising the steps of:a) thermal conversion of a biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis reactor;b) recovering a pyrolysis vapor from the reactor;c) passing the pyrolysis vapor in contact with a water-gas shift reaction catalyst and a hydrotreating catalyst to produce an upgraded pyrolysis vapor; andd) converting the upgraded pyrolysis vapor from step c) into a liquid product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalysts in step c) are layered in a single reactor.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the catalysts are layered so that the pyrolysis vapor contacts the water-gas shift reaction catalyst first and the hydrotreating catalyst second.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reaction temperature is controlled for each catalyst layer in order to promote the corresponding reaction.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the temperature is changed for each catalyst layer.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the water-gas shift reaction catalyst comprises a transaction metal or transaction metal oxide claim 1 , and the hydrotreating catalyst comprises a noble metal catalyst claim 1 , nickel molybdenum catalyst claim 1 , or cobalt molybdenum catalyst.7. The process of claim 2 , wherein hydrogen produced in the water-gas shift reaction is used with the hydrotreating catalyst.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalysts in step c) are contacted with the ...

In-Situ Upgrading Of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapor By Cracking And Hydroprocessing

Processes for thermal conversion of biomass are provided. The processes involve upgrading the pyrolysis vapor from a pyrolysis reactor. The steps include thermally converting a biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis reactor, recovering a pyrolysis vapor from the reactor, passing the pyrolysis vapor in contact with a cracking catalyst, a water-gas shift reaction catalyst, and a hydrotreating catalyst, and converting the resulting upgraded pyrolysis vapor into a liquid product. The resulting biooil liquid product is more refined, and the overall processes offer economic and energy efficiency. 1. A process for the thermal conversion of biomass comprising the steps of:a) thermal conversion of a biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis reactor;b) recovering a pyrolysis vapor from the reactor;c) passing the pyrolysis vapor in contact with a cracking catalyst, a water-gas shift reaction catalyst, and a hydrotreating catalyst to produce an upgraded pyrolysis vapor; andd) converting the upgraded pyrolysis vapor from step c) into a liquid product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalysts in step c) are layered in a single reactor.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the catalysts are layered so that the pyrolysis vapor contacts the cracking catalyst first claim 2 , the water-gas shift reaction catalyst second claim 2 , and the hydrotreating catalyst third.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the catalysts are layered so that the pyrolysis vapor contacts the water-gas shift reaction catalyst first claim 2 , the hydrotreating catalyst second claim 2 , and the cracking catalyst last.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reaction temperature is controlled for each catalyst layer in order to promote the corresponding reaction.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the temperature is changed for each catalyst layer.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite claim 1 , the water-gas shift reaction catalyst comprises a transaction metal or transaction metal ...

Biomass Bio Oil Upgrade Method

A bio oil pyrolysis and conditioning system produces a useful fuel oil. The pyrolysis system includes an auger carrying biomass feed material though an oxygen rare pyrolysis chamber. Vapor phase bio oil is collected at three locations along the length of the pyrolysis chamber and carried from the pyrolysis chamber to condensers and quenched by a water spray before release into the condensers. The water also serving as a solvent to reduce pH in the liquid phase raw bio oil. The raw bio oil is carried to a conditioning system where the raw bio oil resides in a separation tank where the water separates and is removed producing refined bio oil. Ethanol is mixed with the refined bio oil to provide the fuel oil. 1. A method for producing a useful bio oil material , the method comprising:feeding biomass into a pyrolysis chamber;heating the biomass to create vapor phase bio oil;carrying the vapor phase bio oil to a condenser;condensing the bio oil vapor into liquid phase raw bio oil in the condenser;separating water from the raw bio oil in a separator to produce refined bio oil; andprocessing the refined bio oil into a useful material.2. The method of claim 1 , further including quenching the vapor phase bio oil before releasing the vapor phase bio oil into the condenser.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein quenching comprises spraying water into the vapor phase bio oil before releasing the vapor phase bio oil into the condenser.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein spraying the water into the vapor phase bio oil comprises spraying the water into the vapor phase bio oil claim 3 , resulting in the raw bio oil including 40 to 50 percent of the water by volume and 50 to 60 percent liquid phase bio oil by volume.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the condenser is a double wall condenser; andfurther including providing a coolant flow between the double walls of the condenser to cool the vapor phase bio oil flowing through the center of the condenser.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein ...

Systems and Methods for Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass

Systems and methods are provided for synthesizing low nitrogen concentration organic liquids from biomass, such as algae, the organic liquids being suitable for refining into fuels and other chemicals. The biomass together with a solvent that is immiscible with water at room temperature are subjected to a subcritical hydrothermal treatment to disrupt cell structure and transform the biomass into a gas phase, a bio-oil phase, an aqueous phase and a solid phase. The aqueous phase contains most of the nitrogen. The resulting multi-phasic mixture can be separated into four phases, including an aqueous phase and the organic liquid which consists of bio-oil dissolved in the solvent. Refined organic liquid can be recycled into the hydrothermal treatment as the solvent. The subcritical hydrothermal treatment can be performed at a generally low temperature and followed by a second hydrothermal treatment at a higher temperature. 1. A method comprising:a first hydrothermal treatment comprising treating together an aqueous suspension of a biomass and a first organic solvent, the first organic solvent being immiscible with water at room temperature, under a first subcritical hydrothermal condition comprising a first treatment temperature of between about 150° C. to about 350° C. and a pressure of between about 500 psi to about 3000 psi to produce a first multi-phasic mixture including an organic phase and an aqueous phase; andseparating the organic phase from the aqueous phase.2. The method of wherein the first organic solvent comprises a hydrocarbon.3. The method of wherein the aqueous suspension of the biomass includes between about 5% to about 30% of the biomass by weight.4. The method of wherein the biomass comprises algae.5. The method of wherein the volume ratio of water to the first organic solvent used in the subcritical treating step is between about 1:1 to about 10:1.6. The method of wherein the biomass has a C:N less than about 10.7. The method of wherein the organic ...

Method for producing biofuel

The present invention provides a method for producing a biofuel that allows an animal/vegetable fat/oil raw material containing a free fatty acid to react with a lower alcohol in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, in which the consumption of the lower alcohol is reduced and the free fatty acid and the lower alcohol are selectively esterified to reform the animal/vegetable fat/oil.In this method, as a solid acid catalyst is used a catalyst selected from an SiO2/Al2O3 solid acid catalyst, an SiO2/Al2O3 solid acid catalyst with aluminum being partially introduced into mesoporous silica, an Al2O3/B2O3 solid acid catalyst, and a sulfated zirconia solid acid catalyst, with a molar ratio of the free fatty acid and the lower alcohol of 1 to 6.

Lubricity additive for fuel with a low sulphur content

The invention relates to a lubricity additive for fuel, particularly for diesel fuel, directly obtained from the acidification of a soapstock produced by a method for refining at least one vegetable and/or animal oil. The lubricity additive according to the invention is more specifically used for fuels that have a low sulfur content, for example, lower than 500 ppm (by weight).

Biodegradable Fuel Performance Additives

There is disclosed a biodegradable fuel additive composition derived from at least one animal or plant source, and a fuel composition containing a biodegradable fuel additive composition derived from at least one animal or plant source useful for reducing the formation of engine deposits and for improving fuel economy of a vehicle combusting the fuel composition.

METHOD AND SYSTEMS FOR ISOLATION AND/OR SEPARATION OF PRODUCTS FROM PRODUCTION PROCESSES

The present invention relates to separation of desired target products from biological, plant, and waste-type material, wherein the desired target products include renewable fuels such as ethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel, wherein the separation is conducted with a cross-flow filtration system having the ability to separate desired products from both non-viscous and viscous medium. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein starch components in the cellulosic material are converted into a sugar by the fermentation microorganisms or added saccharifying enzymes.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic based biomass is corn grain.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel molecule is ethanol.5. A method of producing a renewable fuel molecule from corn grain claim 1 , the method comprising:(a) providing corn grain and introducing same into a particle reduction system to provide a mixture of corn particles;(b) introducing the mixture of corn particles to a liquification tank comprising a liquid medium, under heat, to release starch granules from the corn particles;(c) introducing enzymes for break down of the starch granules into simple sugars;(d) introducing the simple sugars into a fermentation vessel along with a fermentation microorganism for conversion of the simple sugars to ethanol;(e) moving the fermentation medium into a distillation column for extraction of the ethanol from the fermentation medium; and(f) moving the remaining fermentation medium with residual water and corn solids through a cross-flow filtration cassette of the present invention, wherein a significant amount of water is removed and the remaining syrup can be used as a component of animal feed.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture of corn particles of step (b) is separated from the starch granules by passing the liquid medium comprising the starch granules and corn particles through a cross-flow filtration cassette claim 5 , wherein the cross-flow filtration cassette ...

MODIFIED FUELS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THEREOF

Described herein are modified fuels with improved properties. The modified fuels are more efficient when compared to conventional fuels such as gasoline. Additionally, the modified fuels burn more efficiently and produce fewer emissions. Finally, the modified fuels also do not require any modifications to existing engines. 1. A modified fuel comprising:(a) a base fuel in the amount of greater than 40% by volume of a gallon of modified fuel;(b) a lower alcohol in the amount of greater than 10% by volume of a gallon of modified fuel; and(c) a triglyceride derived from a fatty acid comprising at least one hydroxyl group, and(d) a natural oil.2. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel comprises gasoline claim 1 , diesel fuel claim 1 , kerosene claim 1 , or jet fuel.3. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of base fuel is from 40% to 80% by volume of a gallon of modified fuel.4. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the lower alcohol comprises methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the lower alcohol comprises methanol.6. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of lower alcohol is from 10% to 40% by volume of a gallon of modified fuel.7. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprising at least one hydroxyl group comprises hydroxynervonic acid claim 1 , cerebronic acid claim 1 , 10-hydroxy-20 decenoic acid claim 1 , hydrox-2-decenoic acid 10-phosphate claim 1 , strophantus acid claim 1 , lesquerolic acid claim 1 , densipolic acid claim 1 , auricolic acid claim 1 , β-dimorphecolic acid claim 1 , kamlolenic acid claim 1 , 8-hydroxyoctadeca-9.11-diynoic acid claim 1 , 8-hydroxyoctadeca-17-en-9.11-diynoic acid (Isanolic) claim 1 , or 8-hydroxyoctadeca-13.17-dien-9.11-diynoic acid claim 1 , axillarenic acid claim 1 , tetrapedic acids claim 1 , byrsonic acid claim 1 , 9 claim 1 ,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid claim 1 , ...

Hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant and method of application thereof

A hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises a compound having a following molecular structure R1-(CnHm)-R2, a precursor or a derivative of the compound: wherein n and m are positive integers; —(CnHm)— group is a straight chain molecule segment formed by covalent linkage of carbon atoms which are more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 50; ,R1 and R2 comprise an aromatic ring or carboxylic acid or hydroxyl radical or alkyl group; the aromatic ring group may either be a single ring or polycyclic, and may also be a heterocycle containing oxygen or nitrogen, which may be provided with or not provided with a substituent group; the antioxidant contains more than one linear chain or ring conjugated bond formed by conjugated double bonds; the ring conjugated double bonds are located on the aromatic ring at the end part; the linear chain conjugated double bonds are located on a carbon chain in the middle; and the antioxidant has a prominent absorption peak in a 250-400 nm ultraviolet wavelength range. The hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises carotinoid, vitamin A or vitamin E. The invention further provides applications and a method of application of the antioxidant. The antioxidant can promote the ultraviolet light stabilization effect of the fuels, but also can promote the oxygen stabilization effect of the fuels, and particularly can promote the combustion efficiency of the fuels and reduce the emission of contaminants when the antioxidant is together used with such additives as cetane number improver and octane number improver.

COMBINING ALGAE CULTIVATION AND CO2 CAPTURE

The invention relates to the field of culturing algae and use of algae-derived products. The invention also relates to the reduction of COemission. More in particular the invention relates to combining the capture and conversion of COfrom flue gas or biogas and the growth of algae. The invention provides a method for advantageously combining reduction of COemission with algal growth. 1. A method of promoting growth of algae using an absorbent liquid comprising carbon dioxide , the method including the steps of:(1) contacting a gas comprising carbon dioxide with an absorbent liquid,(2) allowing the absorbent liquid to absorb carbon dioxide from the gas,(3) contacting the absorbent liquid comprising the absorbed carbon dioxide to with an algal culture, and(4) allowing the algal culture to convert the carbon dioxide from the absorbent liquid, thereby regenerating the absorbent liquid and promoting the growth of algae in said algal culture.2. A method according to claim 1 , whereinin step (1), a gaseous stream comprising carbon dioxide is contacted with a liquid stream of absorbent liquid, andin step (3), the liquid stream is added continuously to the algal culture, '(5) recycling the regenerated absorbent liquid to be contacted with the gaseous stream in method step (1).', 'the method further comprising the step of3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein steps (1) claim 1 , (2) and (3) are performed simultaneously.4. A method according to claim 1 , whereinin step (1), a fixed amount of carbon dioxide is first added to a batch reactor containing a fixed amount of an absorbent liquid, andin step (2), the fixed amount of absorbent liquid is allowed to absorb the carbon dioxide for a fixed period of time before in step (3), said absorbent liquid is contacted with the algal culture.5. A method according to claim 3 , whereina fixed amount of carbon dioxide is added to a batch reactor containing a fixed amount of absorbent liquid, growth medium and algae, andthe carbon ...

PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL AND PROTEIN FROM A RAW MATERIAL

The present invention relates to a method for providing an isolated biofuel and a purified protein product from a raw material suitable for the production of the biofuel or a derivative of said raw material. The method comprises the steps of: (i) subjecting the raw material or a derivative of said raw material to at least one first treatment liberating the biofuel from the raw material or the derivative of said raw material, (ii) isolating the biofuel liberated in step (i) obtaining the isolated biofuel, (iii) subjecting the raw material or a derivative of said raw material to at least one second treatment providing a material suspension, and (iv) subjecting the material suspension from step (iii) to an expanded bed adsorption process obtaining the purified protein product. 181-. (canceled)82. A method for isolating an oil and a purified protein product from a plant raw material , comprising:(a) mechanically treating the plant raw material;(b) extracting the mechanically treated plant raw material with an organic solvent to obtain an oil-comprising organic solution and a solid residue;(c) isolating the oil-comprising organic solution;(d) removing the organic solvent from the organic solution to recover the oil;(e) extracting the solid residue with an aqueous solvent to obtain a protein-comprising aqueous solution;(f) applying the protein-comprising aqueous solution to an expanded bed adsorption column comprising particles having a functionalized matrix polymer with affinity to proteins in which ligands attached to the adsorbent particles provide a dynamic binding capacity of at least 20 g of protein per litre,(g) eluting the protein from the expanded bed adsorption column to obtain the purified protein product;wherein the purified protein product comprises at the most about 20% (w/w) non-protein material, and the yield of the protein is at least 10 grams of protein per kg of the oil.83. The method of claim 82 , further comprising adjusting the pH of the protein- ...

METHOD TO OPTIMIZE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Apparatus and related methods for reacting a natural oil and salt composition with a short chain alcohol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to produce biodiesel, significantly decreasing the amount of time for the glycerol byproduct to settle out of the reaction mixture. The process for the production of biodiesel includes combining animal or vegetable oil with a salt to create a first component, combining a short chain alcohol with a strong base to create a second component, and combining the first and second components together. The combined compositions represent a reaction mixture that undergo a transesterification reaction and produce fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel and also a glycerol byproduct. 1. A process for the production of biodiesel , comprising:a) combining animal or vegetable oil with a salt to create a first composition;b) combining a short chain alcohol with a strong base to create a second composition; andc) combining said first and second compositions together.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the short chain alcohol is methanol or ethanol.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the salt is present in a stoichiometric ratio range of about 1× to about 5× relative to the other components present in the first and second compositions.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the salt is present in a stoichiometric ratio of 3× relative to the other components present in the first and second compositions.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second compositions are each heated to about 50° C. to about 55° C. before being combined.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second compositions are each heated to about 45° C. to about 60° C. before being combined.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second compositions are each heated to about 40° C. to about 65° C. before being combined.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein after the ...

COMPOSITIONS FOR MODIFYING FUELS

Described herein are compositions for modifying fuels. The modified fuels are more efficient when compared to conventional fuels such as gasoline. Additionally, the modified fuels burn more efficiently and produce fewer emissions. Finally, the modified fuels also do not require any modifications to existing engines. 1. A composition comprisinga. a triglyceride derived from a fatty acid comprising at least one hydroxyl group;b. a natural oil; andoptionally a lubricating oil, a terpene, a lower alcohol, or any combination thereof, wherein the composition does not include a base fuel.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein composition further comprises a lower alcohol claim 1 , and the lower alcohol is methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the lower alcohol is methanol.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprising at least one hydroxyl group comprises hydroxynervonic acid claim 1 , cerebronic acid claim 1 , 10-hydroxy-20 decenoic acid claim 1 , hydrox-2-decenoic acid 10-phosphate claim 1 , strophantus acid claim 1 , lesquerolic acid claim 1 , densipolic acid claim 1 , auricolic acid claim 1 , β-dimorphecolic acid claim 1 , kamlolenic acid claim 1 , 8-hydroxyoctadeca-9.11-diynoic acid claim 1 , 8-hydroxyoctadeca-17-en-9.11-diynoic acid (Isanolic) claim 1 , or 8-hydroxyoctadeca-13.17-dien-9.11-diynoic acid claim 1 , axillarenic acid claim 1 , tetrapedic acids claim 1 , byrsonic acid claim 1 , 9 claim 1 ,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid claim 1 , phaseolic acid claim 1 , phloionolic acid claim 1 , Resolvin D1 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 ,17S-docosatriene claim 1 , Resolvin E1 claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprising at least one hydroxyl group comprises ricinoleic acid.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the triglyceride comprises castor oil.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the castor oil ...

PYROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BIO-OIL COMPONENT EXTRACTION

A system is described that includes a pyrolyzer and a primary condenser. The primary condenser is coupled to the pyrolyzer and includes an input to receive pyrolytic vapors from the pyrolyzer and a solvent. The condenser is further configured to condense the pyrolytic vapors by contacting the pyrolytic vapors with the solvent to form a condensed liquid that exits the primary condenser via an output. A capture vessel receives the condensed liquid from the condenser output. A recirculator couples the capture vessel to the primary condenser input and is configured to receive the condensed liquid from the primary condenser, and to provide at least a portion of the condensed liquid as the solvent in the primary condenser. The solvent from the bio-oil component/solvent mixture is then extracted in a solvent extraction system and returned to the quenching system. 1. A system for pyrolyzing material , the system comprising:a pyrolyzer;a primary condenser, coupled to the pyrolyzer and configured to receive pyrolytic vapors from the pyrolyzer, and further configured to condense the pyrolytic vapors by contacting the pyrolytic vapors with a solvent, to form a condensed liquid;a capture vessel to receive the condensed liquid; anda recirculator coupled to the capture vessel and the primary condenser, the recirculator configured to provide at least a portion of the condensed liquid as the solvent used in the primary condenser.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the condensed liquid comprises a bio-oil component/solvent mixture.3. The system according to claim 2 , further comprising:an extraction system to separate the solvent from the bio-oil component/solvent mixture.4. The system according to claim 3 , wherein the extracted solvent or bio-oil component/solvent mixture is recycled for use in the primary condenser.5. The system according to claim 3 , wherein the extraction system operates to separate the solvent from the mixture in a batch or continuous basis.6. The ...

Chemical Composition of Matter for the Liquefaction and Dissolution of Asphaltene and Paraffin Sludges into Petroleum Crude Oils and Refined Products at Ambient Temperatures and Method of Use

A chemical composition of matter comprising a wax plasticizing agent (plasticizer) tributoxyethyl phosphate, a mixture of selected long chain fatty acids (preferably C 10 to C 22 ), and a mixture of selected low-surface tension surfactants, which when added in solution to crude oil or refined products has been shown to lower both the B.S. & W. (rag layer) and the coefficient of friction of crude oils and refined products. This chemical composition of matter is particularly useful as a wax liquefaction, dispersant, and solubilization agent for asphaltene and paraffins in crude oil and refined products. The reduction in the co-efficient of friction resulting from the addition of this product to crude oil will allow crude oil to pump through pipelines with a minimum amount of resistance due to friction (drag).

Systems and Methods for Renewable Fuel

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom. 1. A fuel , comprising:a product of a fluidized catalytic cracker having a petroleum fraction and a renewable fuel oil as reactants.2. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the fuel comprises a product of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a petroleum fraction and a renewable fuel oil.3. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel comprises a fuel composition derived from:i) 80-99.95 wt. % of the petroleum fraction feedstock; andii) 0.05-20 wt. % of the renewable fuel oil feedstock.4. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the prepared fuel is a transportation fuel.5. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel oil is derived from a cellulosic biomass.6. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel oil is an unenriched renewable fuel oil.71. The fuel according to claim wherein the renewable fuel oil has a pH in the range of 0.5 to 7.8. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel oil has a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. %.9. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel oil has in the range of between 35-80 wt. % carbon content and in the range of between 20-50 wt. % oxygen content claim 1 , on a dry basis or moisture-free basis.10. A method of preparing a fuel claim 1 , comprising:processing a petroleum fraction feedstock with a renewable fuel oil feedstock in the ...

Direct method of producing fatty acid esters from microbial biomass

A method of producing fatty acid esters in situ from microbial biomass such as algae is provided by treating microbial biomass with a solution containing an alcohol and at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid. Fatty acid ester can be directly recovered from the treated microbial biomass. The α-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the treated microbial biomass and recycled.

Novel Environmentally-Friendly High-Energy Alcohol-based Industrial Fuel and Preparation Method Thereof

The industrial fuel comprises the following constituents by weight percent: 65%-70% of methanol, 10%-15% of sugar pressing waste liquid, 5%-8% of rosin water, 1%-3% of oxydol with 27.5% mass concentration, 1.5%-3% of xylene, 1%-3% of phytate, 1.5%-2% of benzotriazole, 3%-5% of acetone, 0.01%-0.05% of ferrocene, 0.1%-0.5% of lavender oil, and 1.5%-2% of rubber swelling inhibitor. 1. A novel environmentally-friendly high-energy alcohol-based industrial fuel , is characterized in that the fuel comprises the following components by weight percent:Methanol: 65%-70% Sugar pressing waste liquid: 10%-15% Rosin water: 5%-8% Oxydol of 27.5% mass concentration: 1%-3% Xylene: 1.5%-3% Phytate: 1%-3% Benzotriazole: 1.5%-2% Acetone: 3%-5% Ferrocene: 0.01%-0.05% Lavender oil: 0.1%-0.5% Rubber swelling inhibitor: 1.5%-2%wherein the sugar pressing waste liquid is a liquid product by filtering a waste liquid from a sugar mill and contains 30-80% of carbohydrates by weight.2. A process for preparing the novel environmentally-friendly high-energy alcohol-based industrial fuel claim 1 , is characterized by: firstly claim 1 , injecting a specified dosage of methanol into a mixing tank; then sequentially injecting the rosin water claim 1 , oxydol claim 1 , xylene claim 1 , phytate claim 1 , benzotriazole claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , ferrocene and rubber swelling inhibitor in the proportion in ; standing for 30-60 minutes; injecting the sugar pressing waste liquid and the lavender oil claim 1 , and stirring for about 10-20 minutes; sealing the cap claim 1 , and standing the mixed solution for 2-4 hours at room temperature to provide the novel industrial fuel.3. The novel environmentally-friendly high-energy alcohol-based industrial fuel according to claim 1 , the fermented yeast and rhizopus by incubating one part of the yeast and three parts of rhizopus at temperature between 20 and 25° C. for 10-20 hours. This application is a continuity-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/ ...

FUEL ADDITIVE

The invention pertains to a novel additive for fuels comprising iso-propanol in an amount of from 60-70 Vol.-%, diesel and gasoline each in an amount of from 10-20 vol.-% and water in an amount of from 1-5 vol.-%. In another aspect the composition comprises Iso-propanol in an amount of from 60-70 vol.-%, lineseed oil in an amount of from 15-25 vol.-%, gasoline fuel in an amount of from 10-20 vol.-%, and water in an amount of from 1-5 vol.-%. The invention further relates to the use of the said additive in reducing carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) levels from emissions of combustion engines. 1. A composition comprisingiso-propanol in an amount of from 60-70 vol.-%,diesel fuel in an amount of from 10-20 vol.-%,gasoline fuel in an amount of from 10-20 vol.-%, andwater in an amount of from 1-5 vol.-%.2. A composition comprisingiso-propanol in an amount of from 60-70 vol.-%,lineseed oil in an amount of from 15-25 vol.-%,gasoline fuel in an amount of from 10-20 vol.-%, andwater in an amount of from 1-5 vol.-%.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of iso-propanol is in the range of from 65-70 vol.-%.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of diesel and/or gasoline is in a range of from 13-17 vol.-% each.5. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the amount of lineseed oil is between 18 vol.-% and 22 vol.-% claim 2 , more preferably between 19 and 21 vol.-%.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of water is between 1.5 and 3 vol.-% claim 1 , preferably 2 vol.-% and 3 vol.-%.7. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the lineseed oil is present in admixture with diesel.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein urea is provided in an amount of between 1 and 5‰ claim 1 , more preferable between 2 and 4‰ by weight and most preferred between 2.5 and 3.5‰ of weight.9. A fuel comprising the composition according to .10. The fuel according to claim 9 , wherein the fuel is selected from diesel claim 9 , gasoline claim ...

Ion tolerant corrosion inhibitors and inhibitor combinations for fuels

This invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion and deposit formation in fuel handling equipment, with reduced or eliminated incidence of fuel filter plugging and internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) in the equipment that eventually employs the final commercially blended form of the fuel. More specifically, the invention relates to inhibiting corrosion from the walls of fuel pipelines and storage equipment and preventing deposits in engines.

Continuous fractionation of crude tall oil to refined tall diesel

The present invention describes a process for continuous fractionation of CTO (crude tall oil) to RTD (refined tall diesel), said process comprising:- when removing a stream of TOP (tall oil pitch) the CTO is fed though at least two evaporation zones arranged in series so that one stream of CTO is fed from a first evaporation zone to a second evaporation zone, wherein a TOP stream is produced and fed from the second evaporation zone, wherein a first vapor stream is produced within the first evaporation zone and a second vapor stream is produced within the second evaporation zone and wherein there is a temperature difference of at least 10°C between the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream; and - feeding the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream into a subsequent fractionation column to produce a stream of RTD from the fractionation column, wherein the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are being fed to different positions, relative to the column height, in the fractionation column, which different positions in the fractionation column are separated by packing means.

Cold flow additives

This invention relates to a fuel composition, comprising: (A) a normally liquid fuel; and (B) a cold flow improving amount of (i) a metathesized natural oil; (ii) a metathesized natural oil derivative; or (iii) a mixture of (i) and (ii). The invention also relates to metathesized derivatives formed by the reaction of a metathesized natural oil with a nucleophile, oxidizer, aromatic compound, enophilic acid reagent, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

使用微通道加工技术产生乳状液的方法

本公开的发明涉及一种制备乳化液的方法。该方法包括：一种第一液体流过一个加工微通道，该加工微通道具有一个含带孔部分的壁；一种第二液体通过该带孔部分流入该加工微通道，与该第一液体接触，该第一液体形成一连续相，该第二液体形成一分散在该连续相中的非连续相。

用于催化裂化生物质的方法

一种用于转化生物质的方法，包括在催化裂化反应器中在大于400℃的温度下使生物质与催化裂化催化剂接触，以产生含一种或多种裂化产物的产物物流，其中催化裂化反应器包括：-第一区；-第二区，具有与第一区的流体连接且位于第一区下游，第二区的内径在下游方向上减小；-第三区，具有与第二区的流体连接且位于第二区下游；-催化剂供应管，与第一区连接，用于在第一位面和第二位面之间将催化裂化催化剂供应至所述第一区，所述第二位面位于第一位面下游；和-进料喷嘴，其具有进料喷嘴出口用于将生物质供应至反应器，进料喷嘴出口位于第二位面和第一区与第二区间的流体连接之间。

Systems and methods for renewable fuel

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention discloses a fuel that contains a catalytic cracking product of a fluid comprising a fuel mixture comprising: i) 93-99.95 wt % of the oil fraction material and ii) 0.05-7 wt % of the raw material of the non-enriched renewable petroleum fuel, where the non-enriched renewable petroleum fuel comprises a product of grinding and non-catalytic fast heat treatment of the cellulosic biomass with conversion of, at least, 60 wt % of cellulosic biomass into non-enriched renewable petroleum fuels, and where the non-enriched renewable petroleum fuel has a carbon content of, at least, 40 wt % on a dry basis and oxygen content in the range of 20-50 wt % on a dry basis and water content in the range of 10-40 wt %. A method of obtaining fuel is also disclosed. EFFECT: co-processing of thermally obtained biomass products with petroleum raw materials in various refining operations. 20 cl, 20 dwg, 11 tbl, 3 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) (19) RU (11) (13) 2 628 521 C2 (51) МПК C10L 1/04 (2006.01) C10L 1/18 (2006.01) C10G 1/00 (2006.01) C10G 3/00 (2006.01) C10G 11/00 (2006.01) C10G 11/18 (2006.01) C10L 1/16 (2006.01) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2014128624, 11.12.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 11.12.2012 (72) Автор(ы): ФРИЛ Барри А. (CA), ГРЭХЕМ Роберт Г. (CA) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭНСИН РЕНЬЮЭБЛС, ИНК. (US) Дата регистрации: (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2010/222620 A1, 02.09.2010. WO Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.02.2016 Бюл. № 4 (45) Опубликовано: 17.08.2017 Бюл. № 23 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 14.07.2014 2 6 2 8 5 2 1 2010/002792 A2, 07.01.2010. US 2011/224471 A1, 15.09.2011. WO 2010068255 A1, 17.05.2010. BY 13376 C1, 30.06.2010. EP 2373291 A1, 12.10.2011. 12.12.2011 US 61/569,712; 11.05.2012 US 61/646,152; 19.07.2012 US 61/673,683; 10.12. ...

Fuel compositions containing raw material of plant origin

FIELD: petrochemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the area of using polymers with ester groups in fuel compositions containing raw material of plant origin. The fuel composition shall contain at least 20 % w/w of diesel oil of mineral origin, not less than 2.0 % w/w of diesel biofuel and 0.05 to 5 % w/w of at least one polymer with ester groups. The polymer was selected from the group containing polyalkyl (meth)acrylates, polyalkyl fumarates and/or polyalkyl maleates. The polymer comprises the following three components: from 0.1 to 80 % w/w of the repeated structural units, derivatives of ester monomers with 16-40 carbons as alcohol residue; from 0.1 to 30 % w/w of structural units with 1-6 carbons as alcohol residue and from 10.0 to 98 % w/w of structural units with 7-15 carbons as alcohol residue. The use of polymers with ester groups for enhancing viscosity and the method for using diesel engine are also disclosed. EFFECT: mixtures containing certain polymers with ester groups are characterized by lower pour point as compared with pure mineral diesel fuel with no additives, the lower freezing temperature being conserved if diesel biofuel is added to mineral fuel. 20 cl, 2 tbl, 3 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 441 902 (13) C2 (51) МПК C10L 1/14 (2006.01) C10L 1/18 (2006.01) C10L 10/14 (2006.01) C10L 10/16 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2008143542/05, 13.02.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 13.02.2007 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Эвоник РоМакс Эддитивс ГмбХ (DE) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.05.2010 Бюл. № 14 2 4 4 1 9 0 2 (45) Опубликовано: 10.02.2012 Бюл. № 4 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 6409778 B1, 25.06.2002. EP 1541663 A1, 15.06.2005. EP 0626442 A1, 30.11.1994. RU 94045929 A1, 20.07.1996. RU 2167919 С1, 27.05.2001. RU 94042905 A1, 10.08.1996. 2 4 4 1 9 0 2 R U (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2007/051361 (13.02.2007) C 2 C 2 ( ...

연소실 침적물 형성의 저감을 위한 연료 조성물용 첨가제

가연성 연료용 마찰 개질제를 사용하여 기관 내에서 연소실 침적물 형성을 저감화하는 방법이 제공된다. 상기 마찰 개질제는 포화 카르복실산 및 알킬화 또는 알콕시화 아민을 조합함으로써 제조된다. 마찰 개질제의 상기 특별한 선택은 안정한 첨가제 농축물이 제형화되게 하여, 상기 첨가제 농축물로 개질된 연료로 가동되는 연소 기관 내에서 IVD 침적물의 발생이 증가하지 않고도 CCD 가 현저히 감소된다.

Method and composition for using organic, plant-derived, oil-extracted materials in two-cycle oils for reduced emissions

A two-cycle oil is provided that includes a plant oil extract, β-carotene, and jojoba oil. The two-cycle oil may be added to any suitable liquid hydrocarbon fuel to reduce emissions of undesired components during combustion of the fuel in a two-cycle engine. A method for preparing the oil is also provided.

Preparation method of low-freezing diesel ester-type antiwear additive

本发明涉及一种低凝柴油酯型抗磨剂的制备方法，其步骤包括：将脂肪酸和高碳醇加入反应釜中；加入固体催化剂和二甲苯，且升温至140～180℃，酯化反应6～8h；降温并减压除去二甲苯；过滤掉固体催化剂，得到成品。本发明不仅能够避免传统工艺中进行的碱洗以及水洗的过程，减少了污水的排放，同时也降低了能耗。

Lignocellulosic conversion processes and products

Processes for converting lignocellulose to feedstock and downstream products are disclosed. The processes may include acid treatment of lignocellulose to produce a fermentation feedstock. In various instances, the processes include recovery or recycling of acid, such as recovery of hydrochloric acid from concentrated and/or dilute streams. Downstream products may include acrylic acid-based products such as diapers, paper and paper-based products, ethanol, biofuels such as biodiesel and fuel additives, and detergents.

Fuel oil additive

本发明涉及一种用于燃油的添加剂，是具有助燃、节油、净化功效的燃油添加剂，其特征在于它包含有以下成份：壬基酚、脂肪酰胺、碱土金属磺酸盐、增燃剂、蜂蜡、稳定剂。其重量百分比如下：壬基酚4－16；脂肪酰胺2－14；碱土金属磺酸盐1－10；蜂蜡10－90；稳定剂1－10；增燃剂1－30。其稳定剂包含OP、TWEEN、SPAN之中的一种或几种的组合成分；脂肪酰胺包含丁二酰亚胺、多烯基酰胺之中的一种或几种的组合成分；增燃剂包含环烷酸盐、五羰基铁之中的一种或几种的组合成分。

Two-cycle lubricant containing solvent and high molecular weight polymer

A composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity; a polymer, soluble in the lubricant composition and having a number average molecular weight of greater than 50,000; and a combustible solvent in which the remaining components of the lubricant are soluble, provides a composition suitable for lubricating a two-stroke cycle engine. The lubricant composition provides good lubricity with low smoke generation.

Acylated nitrogen compounds useful as additives for lubricating oil and fuel compositions

A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants and at least one aldehyde or ketone with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Fluidized catalytic cracker riser quench system

The present application generally relates to a riser quench system comprising a quench line and one or more quench injecting ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil into the riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction as reactants.

Systems and methods for renewable fuel

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

Systems and methods for renewable fuel

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

External steam reduction method in a fluidized catalytic cracker

The present disclosure generally relates to methods to reduce the external steam supplied to a fluidized catalytic cracker by injecting a stream comprising a water-containing renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker.

Systems and methods for renewable fuel

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

Methods to increase gasoline yield

The present application generally relates to methods to increase the gasoline and/or light cycle oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction by injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker, and the resulting fuels therefrom.

Methods for renewable fuels with reduced waste streams

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a reduced volatility renewable fuel oil as a feedstock and processing it with a petroleum stream in the presence of a catalyst to reduce the generation of waste streams in refinery systems or field upgrading equipment.