ОЧИЩАЮЩАЯ ДОБАВКА К АВИАЦИОННОМУ ТОПЛИВУ

Изобретение описывает авиационное топливо, содержащее авиационный алкилат, соединение трикарбонила циклопентадиенила марганца и очищающее от марганца соединение, в котором очищающее от марганца соединение выбрано из оксида трифенилфосфина, трифенилфосфина и трикарбонильного соединения, выбранного из триацетата глицерина и триэтил 1,1,2-этантрикарбоксилата, причем указанное авиационное топливо содержит 13 мг свинца или меньше на литр. Также описывается авиационное топливо, содержащее количество одного или нескольких соединений трикарбонила циклопентадиенила марганца, достаточное для обеспечения от приблизительно 1 до 500 мг Мn/л, и способ снижения марганецсодержащих отложений, происходящих от сгорания авиационного топлива, включающего трикарбонил циклопентадиенила марганца и авиационный алкилат, в двигателе на авиационном топливе. Технический результат заключается в снижении марганецсодержащих отложений, которые происходят от сгорания авиационного топлива, включающего трикарбонил циклопентадиенила ...

ОБОГАЩЕННЫЕ ВИТАЛЬНЫМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ И/ИЛИ ЗАЩИТНЫМИ ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ ТРОПОСФЕРНЫЕ ОБЪЕМНЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ

Изобретение относится к обогащенным витальными ("жизненными") элементами и/или защитными веществами тропосферным объемным объектам, способам их получения и применения. Тропосферные объемные объекты в виде содержащих вредные вещества облаков, способных образоваться в результате аварий различного оборудования, обогащены защитными веществами, которые способны предотвратить попадание радиоактивных элементов в организмы, минимизировать расширение областей, накрываемых такими облаками, неся дополнительно при этом предупредительную и сигнальную функции. Для обогащенных тропосферных объемных объектов характерны многие положительные эффекты, важнейшими из которых являются: уменьшение парникового эффекта и стабилизация климатических условий, увеличение производства продуктов питания, производство гидрометана и керогена как энергоносителей будущего, снижение содержания вредных веществ в окружающем воздухе, увеличение количества осадков, уменьшение числа несчастных случаев и жертв, особенно, при авариях ...

СНИЖЕНИЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВА УГЛЕРОДА В ЗОЛА-УНОСЕ ОТ СЖИГАНИЯ УГЛЯ ПУТЕМ ДОБАВКИ К УГЛЮ МАРГАНЦА

... 1. Способ снижения количества углерода в зола-уносе, образующемся при сжигании угля, включающий в себя объединение угля и добавки, содержащей марганецсодержащее соединение, с образованием их смеси, и сжигание указанной смеси в топочной камере, причем марганецсодержащее соединение присутствует в количестве, эффективном для снижения количества углерода в зола-уносе, образующемся при сжигании угля в топочной камере. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором соединение марганца представляет собой металлоорганическое соединение. 3. Способ по п.2, в котором органическая часть металлоорганического соединения является производной от материала, выбранного из группы, состоящей из спиртов, альдегидов, кетонов, сложных эфиров, ангидридов, сульфонатов, фосфонатов, нафтенатов, хелатов, фенолятов, краун-эфиров, карбоновых кислот, амидов, ацетилацетонатов и их смесей. 4. Способ по п.2, в котором металлоорганическое соединение содержит трикарбонилметилциклопентадиенилмарганец. 5. Способ по п.2, в котором соединение марганца ...

СПОСОБ И КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СЖИГАНИЯ АВИАЦИОННЫХ ТОПЛИВ

ÖLZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN

Polyetheramidzusatz enthaltende Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzungen

BRENNSTOFFZUSATZ-ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN, DIE POLY(OXYALYLEN)-HYDROXYAROMATISCHE ÄTHER UND ALIPHATISCHE AMINE ENTHALTEN

MANGANHALTIGER TREIBSTOFF

Schmiermittel fuer Kurbelgehaeuse von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen

Zusatz zu Treibstoffen

Reibungsabänderungszusätze für Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen und Verfahren zu deren Verwendung

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dicyclopentadienyleisen

Kraftstoff

Verfahren zum Treiben eines Verbrennungsmotors.

Verwendung von mindestens einer Cyclopentadienyl/Manganverbindung in einem formulierten, bleifreien Benzin.

METHODE ZUR VERRINGERUNG DES SCHADSTOFFAUSSTOSSES BEI DIESELMOTOREN

VERFAHREN ZUM BETREIBEN EINES OTTO-MOTORS

Two-cycle engine lubricant oil

A lubricating oil composition for two-cycle engines comprises a major amount of a base lubricating oil and a smoke reducing amount of at least one oil-soluble and fuel-soluble manganese carbonyl compound.

REODORANT COMPOSITION

Improvements in or relating to fuel additive compositions

Improved fuel compositions

A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines of th spark type comprises (a) a major proportion of a hydrocarbon mixture having a research octane number of at least 90 and containing at least two different hydrocarbon types either of which is paraffin, a naphthene, an olefin or an aromatic; (b) an organo-metallic anti-knock agent in an octane number-improving amount and (c) a hydrocarbon-soluble acyl co-anti-knock compound o the formula:- or in an amount of not more than 1,0% by weight of carbonyl based on the fuel wherein x, y and n are 0 or 1, R1 stands for a monovalent or divalent organic radical having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms and containing no atom other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, R2 and R3 stand for monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms and R4 stands for hydrogen or a monovalent or divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms. In these formulae, R1 may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl ...

Cyclopentadienyl compounds of vanadium and their production

The invention comprises cyclopentadienyl vanadium oxydihalides of formula (C5H5) VOX2 where X is halogen. They may be prepared by reacting cyclopentadienyl vanadium carbonyl compound such as cyclopentadienyl vanadium tetracarbonyl in the absence of water with a hydrogen halide or a compound which splits off hydrogen halide, and an oxidising agent. Suitable oxidising agents include chlorine, bromine and iodine, compounds which readily split off halogen such as lead tetrachloride, oxygen, gas mixtures containing oxygen or compounds which evolve oxygen. The reaction may be carried out in proton-inactive solvents such as benzene and its homologues, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, ketones, aldehydes and ethers. The preparation of cyclopentadienyl vanadium oxydichloride and cyclopentadienyl vanadium oxydibromide is described.

Improvements in or relating to antiknock agents for liquid hydrocarbon fuels

The invention comprises metal cyclopentadienyls, other than dicyclopentadienyl iron, of formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon radicals and wherein either or both R1 and R2 taken together and R3 and R4 taken together may represent a fused ring structure containing more than one carbon atom, said fused ring being either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydrocarbon radicals, n is an integer from 1 to 4 and M is a metal selected from copper, silver, gold, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, actinium, the lanthanide series of rare earths, germanium, tin, lead, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium ...

Process of making cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl compounds

Nickel carbonyl, nitric oxide and a cyclopentadiene compound of formula where R1 to R5 each represents a hydrocarbon radical or a hydrogen atom are reacted in the presence of a base and a liquid reaction medium. The invention also comprises the compounds prepared by this process. Specified bases include ammonia, diethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, di-n-butylamine, diethanolamine, morphine, tri-n-butylamine, n-butylamine, piperidine, ethylenediamine, triethylphosphine, tri-n-butylphosphine, sodium ethoxide, potassium isopropoxide and caesium butoxide. The partial pressure of nitric oxide should be maintained at least at 15 psi and its molar ratio to nickel carbonyl should be greater than 2 : 1. The molar ratio of cyclopentadiene compound to nickel carbonyl is greater than 1 : 1, for example from 1.1 : 1 to 2 : 1. Free oxygen must be excluded from the reaction vessel. Reaction media specified include alcohols, e.g. methanol, ethanol or iso-octanol, ethers, e.g.

Fuel for advance vapour phase combustion.

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel and gasoline combustion engines. The fuel comprises EHS (Enhanced Combustion Structure) compounds and a combustion-improving amount of fuel soluble metallic compounds of high heating value. The EHS compounds have a latent heat of evaporation of at least 21 kJ/mol at boiling point and a laminar Bunsen flame velocity of at least 40 cm/sec. The combustion-improving fuel of soluble metallic compounds has a heating value of at least 5000 Kcal/kg ...

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Unleaded mmt fuel compositions

Fuel additives and fuel containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in internal combution engines.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion.

METHOD FOR THE DECREASE OF THE POLLUTANT OUTPUT WITH DIESEL ENGINES

COMPOSITION

PROCEDURE AND COMPOSITION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE BURNING OR FUEL BURN

FUEL ADDITIVES

IMPROVEMENTS DURING THE DIESEL PARTICLE DELIMITATION

AMINES CONTAINING SUBSTITUTED FUEL COMPOSITIONS WHICH HYDROXYALKYL

POLYISOBUTENYLSUCCINIMIDE ABSTENTIONS FUEL COMPOSITIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE NON--CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF THE EMISSION OF POLLUTANTS FROM OIL-BEACONED BOILER PLANTS

FUEL OIL PRODUCTS.

DEODORANTZUSAMMENSEZTUNG.

METHOD FOR REGENERATING, REPLACING OR TREATING A CATALYST IN A HYDROGEN TREATMENT REACTOR.

BRENNSTOFFABRIKATE.

ADDITIVES FOR FUELS AND LOESLICHE CONNECTIONS MADE OF A METAL OF GROUP OF PLATINUM CONTAINING FUELS AND USE IN ENGINES WITH INTERNAL BURN.

FUEL OIL PRODUCTS

POLY (OXYALKYLEN) HYDROXYAROMATI ESTERS AND THESE CONTAINING FUEL COMPOSITIONS

POLY (OXYALKYLEN) HYDROXYAROMATI ESTERS AND POLY (OXYALKYLEN) OF AMINES ABSTENTION FUEL AUXILIARY COMPOSITIONS

METHOD FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE POLLUTANT OUTPUT FROM A WITH A CASE OF PARTICLE PROVIDED DIESEL ENGINE

The reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel engines

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

Method of oxidizing soot and reducing soot accumulation in a diesel fuel combustion after treatment system

Gasoline engine fuels of enhanced properties

Method and composition for improving the combustion of aviation fuels

An aviation fuel is formulated with manganese-containing compounds. The composition may include relatively high amounts of manganese up to about 500 mg Mn/l. A manganese-containing additive may reduce the smoke created during the combustion of the aviation fuel. Additionally, the aviation fuel composition may include manganese to improve octane and include a phosphorus-containing scavenger to reduce manganese oxide engine deposits. Further, isooctane is added in order to, with the manganese-containing compound, improve the octane number of the fuel.

Reduction of NOx emissions from gasoline engines

Catalyzed chemical process to be employed in reciprocating internal combustion engines

Additives designed to improve fuel quality in reciprocating internal combustion engines

Composition for control of induction system deposits

COMBUSTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS

A process for improving combustion of liquid hydrocarbons and reducing NOx emissions. The process comprises burning the liquid hydrocarbon in the presence of an additive composition to improve measurably the combustion efficiency. The additive composition comprises a dicyclopentadienyliron compound in combination with a suitable organic solvent. By virtue of using the additive compound, the excess air requirements can be adjusted downwardly to reduce NOx emissions in combustion products.

METHOD OF OXIDIZING SOOT AND REDUCING SOOT ACCUMULATION IN A DIESEL FUEL COMBUSTION AFTER TREATMENT SYSTEM

A method of reducing the negative effects of accumulation of ash in a diesel fuel combustion system includes supplying a diesel fuel having an additive that includes a manganese compound to a diesel fuel combustion system. The combustion system includes a catalyzed diesel particulate filter or, alternatively, a continuously regenerating technology diesel particulate filter. The fuel is then combusted in the combustion system to product at least one byproduct that includes the manganese compound. The manganese compound is supplied in an amount effective to complex with the combustion byproduct.

AQUEOUS ADDITIVES IN HYDROCARBONACEOUS FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

An aqueous additive containing a metal compound is used to improve the operation of combustion exhaust after treatment systems. The additive is introduced into the combustion chamber as part of an emulsion with the fuel or, alternatively, in the emulsion or alone as an aqueous stream introduced into the exhaust or emission path. The metal compound scavenges combustion byproducts in order to protect and make more efficient the after treatment system.

FUEL ADDITIVE COMPRISING A METAL COMPOUND AND AN OXIME AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME

CYCLOMATIC MANGANESE COMPOUND WITH AN ALIPHATIC POLYAMINE IN FUEL FOR I.C. ENGINES

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

The invention relates to a liquid fuel composition comprising: 10-80 vol % of a first component comprising at least two aliphatic organic non-hydrocarbon compounds; 20~-65 vol % of a second component comprising at least one hydrocarbon and having an aromatic content of less than 15 vol % of the total of the second component; 1-35 vol % of a third component, which comprises an oxygenate; and 0.01 to 20 vol % water, wherein at least one compound in the fuel composition is miscible with both water and hydrocarbons to provide a single phase composition. Such fuels have been found to reduce undesirable emissions in the exhaust gases and enable the use of recycled compounds and water in the fuel.

FUEL OIL COMPOSITIONS

This invention relates to fuel oil, especially middle distillate fuel oil, compositions comprising middle distillate fuel oil and incorporated therein an additive composition comprising (a) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel- dispersible neutral alkaline earth metal compound and/or at least one fuel- soluble or fuel-dispersible neutral alkali metal compound, and (b) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible transition metal compound, characterised in that the fuel oil composition contains at most 0.05 mass% of sulfur, the total metal content derived from (a) and (b) in the fuel oil composition is at most 50 ppm by mass, and the mass proportion of (a) to (b), based on metal content, is in the range of from 1:99 to 99:1.

A FUEL OR FUEL ADDITIVE COMPRISING CERIUM OXIDE

... ²²²A fuel or fuel additives is disclosed which comprise particles of cerium oxide ²which ²have been doped with a divalent or trivalent metal or metalloid which is a ²rare earth ²metal, a transition metal or a metal of group IIA, IIIB, VB, or VIB of the ²Periodic ²Table.² ...

DELIVERING MOLYBDENUM FROM A LUBRICANT SOURCE INTO A FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEM

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for delivering molybdenum from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system or to the exhaust therefrom. By the present invention, molybdenum from the lubricant or the fuel will interact with phosphorus, sulfur, and/or lead from the combustion products. In this manner, the molybdenum scavenges or inactivates harmful materials which have migrated into the fuel or combustion products, and which can otherwise poison catalytic converters, sensors and/or automotive on- board diagnostic devices. The present invention can also lead to improved durability of exhaust after treatment systems.

COMBUSTION CATALYST CARRIERS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

Compositions including a fuel soluble ferrocene compound and a fuel soluble solid carrier are disclosed. Methods of preparing tablet forms of the compositions are also disclosed. The fuel soluble ferrocene compound may be ferrocene and/or ferrocene derivatives. The compositions are useful for handling and rapidly solvating the fuel soluble ferrocene compound in a fuel such as gasoline.

FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING ALIPHATIC AMINES AND POLYALKYL HYDROXYAROMATICS

A fuel additive composition comprising: (a) A fuel-soluble aliphatic amine selected from the group consisting of (1) a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl-substituted amine, (2) a hydroxyalkyl substituted amine, and (3) a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide; and (b) a polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic compound or salt thereof wherein the polyalkyl group has sufficient molecular weight and carbon chain length to render the polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic compound soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range.

MANNICH CONDENSATION PRODUCTS OF POLY(OXYALKYLENE) HYDROXYAROMATIC ETHERS AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME

Mannich condensation products prepared by the condensation of a compound of formula (XIV), wherein R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or an acyl group of formulae (a) or (b) wherein R6 is alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl; R7 is alkyl; u is an integer from 1 to 10; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10; with an aldehyde and a nitrogen base selected from ammonia, lower alkylamine, a polyamine and mixtures thereof. The Mannich condensation products and their fuel soluble salts are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

POLYALKYL HYDROXY AND AMINO AROMATIC CARBAMATES AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME

Polyalkyl hydroxy and amino aromatic carbamates having formula (I) or a fuelsoluble salt thereof; wherein X is hydroxy or amino; R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, nitro, amino, N-alkylamino wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or N,N-dialkylamino wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R4 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 400 to 5,000. The polyalkyl hydroxy and amino aromatic carbamates of formula (I) are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING HYDROXYALKYL-SUBSTITUTED AMINES

A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective detergent amount of a hydroxyalkyl-substituted amine which is the reaction product of: (a) a polyolefin epoxide derived from a branched chain polyolefin having an average molecular weight of about 400 to 5,000; and (b) a nitrogen-containing compound selected from ammonia, a monoamine having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and a polyamine having from 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms.

FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING POLYISOBUTENYL SUCCINIMIDES

A fuel additive composition comprising (a) a polyisobutenyl succinimide derived from ethylenediamine or diethylenetria- mine; wherein the polyisobutenyl group has an average molecular weight of about 1200 to 1500 and (b) a nonvolatile paraffinic or naphthenic carrier oil, or a mixture thereof.

UNLEADED MMT FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, relates to fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure.

PRESTRIPPED POLYMER USED TO IMPROVE KOCH REACTION DISPERSANT ADDITIVES

The invention pertains to the prestripping of polymer prior to use in the Koch reaction for making dispersant additives. It was djscovered that by prestripping or removal of light hydrocarbon andunreacted monomer from the polymer before the carbonylation step of the Koch reaction, the amount of light ester impurities generated was minimized. Light ester is an undesirable byproduct that adversely affects the recycle of the catalyst from the functionalization step of the Koch reaction.

GASOLINE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING IGNITION IMPROVERS

The present invention relates to fuel compositions containing hydrocarbon fuels in the gasoline boiling range and organic nitrogen-containing compounds selected fr om organic nitrates and/or organic nitro compounds. The fuel compositions exhibit improved ignition properties, including reduced emissions and reduced misfires.

POLYALKYLPHENOXYAMINOALKANES AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME

Polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes having formula (I), wherein R is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 600 to 5,000; R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and A is amino, N-alkyl amino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, N,N-dialkyl amino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, or a polyamine moiety having about 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and about 2 to about 40 carbon atom s. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Multiple amide polyether alcohol compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms and substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms, substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms and polyoxyalkylene alcohol of 2 to 200 carbon atoms; R5 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene of 2 to 20 carbon atoms and alkylene of 2 to 20 carbon atoms having at least one methylene group replaced by at least one oxygen atom or at least one acylated nitrogen atom; x and y are each from 1 to 50 and the weight average molecular weight of the additive compound is greater than about 600 when used as gasoline additives, are found to decrease intake valve deposits.

AMINOCARBAMATES OF POLYALKYL OR POLYALKENYL N-HYDROXYALKYL SUCCINIMDES AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME

Aminocarbamates of polyalkyl or polyalkenyl N-hydroxyalkyl succinimides having the formula: or a fuel soluble salt thereof; wherein R is a polyalkyl or polyalkenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000; n is an integer from 2 to 5; and A is a polyamine moiety having at least one basic nitrogen atom, wherein the polyamine is connected to he carbonyl group through one of its nitrogen atoms to form a carbamate linkage. The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

COMPOSITION BASED ON AN ORGANIC SOL OF TETRAVALENT METAL OXIDE AND AN ORGANIC ALKALINE-EARTH COMPOUND

La présente invention a pour objet une composition comprenant un sol organique de particules d'au moins un oxyde d'au moins un métal tétravalent, et au moins un composé organique d'au moins un alcalino terreux. La composition de l'invention peut, en outre, comprendre au moins un composé organique d'au moins un alcalin. Le métal tétravalent est plus particulièrement le cérium. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation de cette composition comme additif de composés hydrocarbonées.

Treibstoff für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Mittel zur Ausführung des Verfahrens

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisendicyclopentadienyl

Treibstoff für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben und Mittel zur Ausführung des Verfahrens

Verfahren zum Beschleunigen der Verbrennung.

Verfahren zum Beschleunigen der Verbrennung.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von organometallischen Halogeniden

Composition à base d'huile combustible

Schmiermittel, das zur Verwendung in Kurbelgehäusen von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen geeignet ist

Zusatzmittel für Industrieheizöl

Verfahren zur Herstellung von tris- (Triorganogermanyl) phosphaten

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Triorganogermanylestern

Procédé de préparation d'un dérivé du nickel-nitrosyle

Method of reducing the fuel consumption in spark-ignition engines and diesel engines

Fuel additives contg. ferrocene as combustion catalyst

Ferrocene (I) combustion catalyst is included in additive packages for fuels (specifically detergent/dispersant and anticorrosion packages). (I) protects the engine against corrosion, allows the use of lower-octane gasoline, keeps the carburettor, combustion and exhaust systems clean, reduces pollutant emission and improves the combustion of the fuel. The additive package pref. comprises (a) <=50% of a basic condensation product of 1 mole of a polyethanolamine (e.g. di- or triethanolamine) with 1-2 moles of one or more >=10C fatty acids; (b) <=50% of an ester solvent, esp. cyclohexyl acetate; (c) 10-80% of one or more refined mineral oils with a viscosity of 1.6 degrees E/20 degrees C-15 degrees E/50 degrees C; and (d) <=2% of ...

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR IMPROVING FUEL COMBUSTION

Fuel composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound

A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

ADDITIVE FUEL COMPOSITION, AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF

An additive composition for a fuel comprises: 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (i) is an iron complex selected from the group consisting of bis-cyclopentadienyl iron; substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl iron; overbased iron soaps; and mixtures thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein component (i) is ferrocene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (ii) is a bicyclic monoterpene or substituted bicyclic monoterpene selected from the group consisting of camphor claim 1 , camphene claim 1 , isobornyl acetate claim 1 , dipropyleneglycol-isobornyl ether claim 1 , adamantane claim 1 , propylene carbonate; and mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein component (ii) is camphor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer (iii) is selected from the group consisting of an asphaltene dispersant claim 1 , a cold flow improver claim 1 , a wax antisettling additive and mixtures thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein (iii) is a phenolic resin selected from the group consisting of:copolymers containing di(C1-4 alkyl)amino (C1-4 alkyl)acrylate or methacrylate units;copolymers of alkenes and unsaturated esters, alkylmethacrylate polymers, polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers;maleic anhydride olefin copolymer additives prepared by the reaction of maleic anhydride with an α-olefin; andimides produced by the reaction an alkyl amine, maleic anhydride and α-olefin.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein components (i) claim 1 , (ii) and (iii) are present in the following relative amounts by weight:3-1000 parts (i) to 3 to 600 parts (ii) and to 1 to 10000 parts (iii).10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is selected from bio-fuel claim 1 , diesel claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , marine fuel claim 1 , bunker fuel claim 1 , heating oil claim 1 , middle distillate oil and heavy fuel oil; and including GTL (gas-to-liquid) claim 1 , CTL (coal-to-liquid) claim 1 , BTL (biomass-to-liquid) claim 1 , and OTL (oil sands-to-liquid); and including blends ...

Combustion Modifier and Method for Improving Fuel Combustion

A composition for improving the combustion efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The composition includes a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel and an organometallic soap selected from among several cerium-containing and ferric compounds. The cerium-containing compound or compounds increase the energy released during combustion of the fuel. The ferric compound or compounds coat an interior wall of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to increase the power output of the engine by reducing the accumulation of residues deposited on the interior wall which interfere with the combustion of fuel. 1. A composition for improving performance of an internal combustion engine , the composition comprising:an iron-containing compound; andat least one synergistic carrier selected from the group consisting of: adamantane, biphenyl, naphthalene, camphor, camphene, (E)-1,2-diphenylethene, adamantanone, acenaphthene, and dicyclopentadiene.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the iron-containing compound comprises ferrocene and the at least one synergistic carrier comprises adamantane.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the iron-containing compound comprises ferrocene and the at least one synergistic carrier comprises biphenyl.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the iron-containing compound comprises ferrocene and the at least one synergistic carrier comprises (E)-1 claim 1 ,2-diphenylethene.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one synergistic carrier comprises admantane.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one synergistic carrier comprises biphenyl.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one synergistic carrier comprises (E)-1 claim 1 ,2-diphenylethene.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one synergistic carrier comprises dicyclopentadiene.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the iron-containing compound comprises a ferrocene compound.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the iron- ...

ADDITIVE FOR LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL FUELED IN FIRED BURNERS OR OPEN FLAMES

A fuel additive for hydrocarbon fuel that is fueled in fired burners and open flames for enhancing fuel storage, for enhancing fuel combustion by increasing fuel efficiency, and/or for reducing undesirable emissions, such as pollutants, includes an inorganic metal oxide, a metal carboxylate, an acid, and an organic dispersion fluid. 1. A fuel additive composition for liquid hydrocarbon fuel fueled in fired burners or open flames comprising:an inorganic metal oxide;a metal carboxylate;an acid; andan organic dispersion fluid.2. The fuel additive composition of the claim 1 , wherein comprises from 30% to 40% by weight of said inorganic metal oxide claim 1 , preferably form 33% to 38% by weight of said inorganic metal oxide.3. The fuel additive composition of the claim 1 , wherein comprises from 10% to 20% by weight of said metal carboxylate claim 1 , preferably from 13% to 17% by weight of said metal carboxylate.4. The fuel additive composition of the claim 1 , wherein comprises from 1% to 10% by weight of said add claim 1 , preferably from 3% to 7% by weight of said add.5. The fuel additive composition of the claim 1 , wherein comprises from 10% to 20% by weight of said organic dispersion fluid claim 1 , preferably from 13% to 17% by weight of said organic dispersion fluid claim 1 ,6. The fuel additive composition of the claim 1 , wherein said inorganic metal oxide is selected from a group consisting of magnesium oxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , copper oxide claim 1 , cobalt oxide claim 1 , ruthenium oxide claim 1 , osmium oxide claim 1 , palladium oxide claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. The fuel additive composition of the claim 6 , wherein said inorganic metal oxide is magnesium oxide.8. The fuel additive composition of the claim 1 , wherein said metal carboxylate is selected from a group consisting of manganese octoate claim 1 , cobalt octoate claim 1 , zirconium octoate claim 1 , calcium octoate claim 1 , and combinations thereof.9. The fuel additive ...

AVIATION FUEL WITH A RENEWABLE OXYGENATE

Described are preferred compositions for a motor fuel. Such motor fuels may be particularly well suited for use in the motor of an aircraft. In particular, compositions of the present disclosure may comprise 50-75 wt % isooctane/alkylates, 20-40 wt % ETBE, 0-3 wt % isobutane, and 0-5 wt % aromatics. The present disclosure describes a full spectrum of unleaded fuels with various motor octane (MON) values. 1. A piston engine fuel formulation comprising:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 50 to about 75 wt % C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;optionally up to about 3 wt % isobutane;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to about 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}optionally up to about 250 ppm ferrocene,said fuel formulation being free of lead-containing constituents.2. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.3. The fuel formulation of and further comprising cumidine in an amount up to 5 wt %.4. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.5. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 52 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}ferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.6. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 57 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %; andferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.8. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.9. The fuel formulation of consisting of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.11. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 wt % isooctane;about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; ...

MATERIAL CONSISTING OF A PREPARATION COMPRISING FERROCENE

The invention relates to a material consisting of a preparation made from a mixture of ferrocene and an inert flameproof material such as plaster, the material being presented in the form of granules and being suitable for spreading over a hydrocarbon fire in a simple and rapid manner such that, under the effect of the heat from the fire, the ferrocene contained in the granulated material is diffused progressively and homogeneously in a vapour phase over the base of the flames, so as to optimise the combustion of the hydrocarbon and to reduce the emission of smoke and unwanted particles. 1. Granule of material comprising a preparation made from a homogeneous mixture of an organometallic compound and of an inert flameproof material (FPM) , wherein said material is porous and its greatest dimension is between 10 and 30 mm.2. Granule of material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said organometallic compound is a set of particles (F) of ferrocene (F) and/or of a derivative of ferrocene.3. Granule of material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said inert flameproof material (FPM) is plaster or fireclay.4. Granule of material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ferrocene content is between 10 and 30 percent of the total material present in said preparation.52. Granule of material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said granule (P) is hollow and that its density is such that it floats on the surface of an oil or of a hydrocarbon.6. Granule of material as claimed in wherein it has a spherical claim 1 , elliptical claim 1 , rectangular claim 1 , square shape claim 1 , or the shape of a chip. The invention relates to the field of the combustion of hydrocarbons. More particularly, the invention relates to the reduction of smoke coming from the combustion of hydrocarbons and the reduction of unwanted combustion products.In the case of poor combustion of a hydrocarbon and when there is sufficient oxygen to guarantee complete combustion, the product of the combustion is broken down into ...

AVIATION FUEL WITH A RENEWABLE OXYGENATE

Described are preferred compositions for a motor fuel. Such motor fuels may be particularly well suited for use in the motor of an aircraft. In particular, compositions of the present disclosure may comprise 50-75 wt % isooctane/alkylates, 20-40 wt % ETBE, 0-3 wt % isobutane, and 0-5 wt % aromatics. The present disclosure describes a full spectrum of unleaded fuels with various motor octane (MON) values. 1. A piston engine fuel formulation comprising:{'sub': 4', '12, '50 to 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}20 to 40 wt % ETBE; andisobutane in an amount up to about 3 wt %;{'sub': 6', '12, 'said fuel formulation being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons and being free of lead-containing constituents, said fuel formulation having a MON of at least 96.'}2. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '12, '57 to 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}20 to 40 wt % ETBE; andisobutane in an up to 3 wt %.3. A piston engine fuel formulation comprising:58 to 78 wt % isooctane;20 to 40 wt % ETBE; and2 wt % isobutane,{'sub': 6', '12, 'said fuel formulation being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons and being free of lead-containing constituents, said fuel formulation having a MON of at least 96.'}4. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:58 to 78 wt % isooctane;20 to 40 wt % ETBE; and2 wt % isobutane.5. The fuel formulation of consisting of:58 to 78 wt % isooctane;20 to 40 wt % ETBE; and2 wt % isobutane.7. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:58 wt % isooctane;40 wt % ETBE; and2 wt % isobutane.8. The fuel formulation of consisting of:58 wt % isooctane;40 wt % ETBE; and2 wt % isobutane. The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/024,028, filed Jul. 14, 2014, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.The present invention relates to lead-free piston engine fuels (unleaded avgas) comprising aliphatic hydrocarbon components, typically including lower boiling Cto Calkanes, alkenes, ...

Oil based product for treating vanadium rich oils

Provided are oil-based fuel additive compositions that, when combusted with a fuel containing vanadium in a gas turbine, inhibit vanadium hot corrosion in the gas turbine. The oil-based fuel additive compositions include at least one rare earth element compound or alkaline earth element compound that retards vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of vanadium rich fuel.

AVIATION FUEL WITH A RENEWABLE OXYGENATE

Described are preferred compositions for a motor fuel. Such motor fuels may be particularly well suited for use in the motor of an aircraft. In particular, compositions of the present disclosure may comprise 50-75 wt % isooctane/alkylates, 20-40 wt % ETBE, 0-3 wt % isobutane, and 0-5 wt % aromatics. The present disclosure describes a full spectrum of unleaded fuels with various motor octane (MON) values. 1. A piston engine fuel formulation comprising:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 50 to about 75 wt % C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;optionally up to about 3 wt % isobutane;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to about 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}optionally up to about 250 ppm ferrocene,said fuel formulation being free of lead-containing constituents.2. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.3. The fuel formulation of and further comprising cumidine in an amount up to 5 wt %.4. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.5. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 52 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}ferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.6. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 57 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %; andferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.8. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.9. The fuel formulation of consisting of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.11. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 wt % isooctane;about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; ...

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT OF A POLYALKENE-SUBSTITUTED AMINE COMPOUND

A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits. 1. A composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt which comprises the reaction product of:a. polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; andb. quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfates; alkyl halides; hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; hydrocarbyl epoxides in combination with an acid; and mixtures thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyalkene-substituted amine has a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 3000.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyalkene substituent of the polyalkene-substituted amine is derived from a polyisobutylene.5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a fuel which is liquid at room temperature.6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a fluidizer.7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity.8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising component selected from the group consisting of metal deactivators claim 1 , detergents other than those of claim 1 , dispersants claim 1 , viscosity modifiers claim 1 , friction modifiers claim 1 , dispersant viscosity modifiers claim 1 , extreme pressure agents claim 1 , antiwear agents claim 1 , antioxidants claim 1 , corrosion inhibitors claim 1 , foam inhibitors claim 1 , demulsifiers claim 1 , pour point depressants claim 1 , seal swelling agents claim 1 , wax control polymers claim 1 , scale inhibitors claim 1 , gas-hydrate ...

FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF FORMULATING A FUEL COMPOSITION TO REDUCE REAL-WORLD DRIVING CYCLE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS

In order to blend fuels to meet specific regulatory and industry requirements, for instance octane requirements, different octane blending components can be used. One added component includes a composition of higher aromatics content. Unfortunately, this aromatic content may increase the particulate emissions of an internal combustion engine when the high aromatic fuel is combusted in that engine. As explained herein, reducing the aromatics content and replacing that octane increasing requirement with an alternative octane enhancer results in a formulated fuel that will have lower particulate emissions in the real-world driving of that engine as compared with a fuel having higher aromatic content. 1. A method of reducing the particulate emission from an internal combustion engine comprising the steps of:providing a base fuel having an aromatic content of at least about 10% by volume;adding into the base fuel an amount of an octane enhancer to form a fuel formulation, wherein the fuel formation containing the octane enhancer and the base fuel has an aromatic content that is less than the aromatic content of the base fuel without the octane enhancer;wherein (1) the particulate emission from combustion of the fuel formulation as measured by particle number (PN) (both solid and volatiles) is reduced as compared with particulate emission from the combustion of the base fuel, and wherein (2) the octane number of the fuel formulation is substantially the same or higher than the octane number of the base fuel without the octane enhancer.2. A method of reducing particulate emission as described in claim 1 ,wherein the aromatic content of the base fuel is at least about 20% by volume.3. A method of reducing particulate emission as described in claim 1 ,wherein the aromatic content of the base fuel is at least about 35% by volume.4. A method of reducing particulate emission as described in claim 1 ,wherein the fuel formulation further comprises an olefin content of at least ...

Cylinder Resident Hydrolysis of Olefins to Petroleum Gases

An additive has been prepared for blending with gasoline that facilitates a cylinder resident reaction, in high compression internal combustion engines (ICEs), to produce an increase in engine's mechanical energy output. A method of increasing mechanical efficiency of an internal combustion engine (ICE) comprising blending an amount of additive with gasoline to perform hydrolysis of olefin hydrocarbons, represented by octene (C8) into petroleum gas hydrocarbons, represented by butane (C4), wherein the additive facilitates cylinder-resident reaction, aided by a low concentration of organometallic catalyst, to utilize the elements of the water combustion product, to hydrolyze olefin hydrocarbons such as octene, resident in the gasoline, into petroleum gas hydrocarbons such as butane, and to increase the ICE's efficiency of utilization of the energy of the fuel. 1. A method of increasing mechanical efficiency of an internal combustion engine (ICE) comprising blending an amount of additive with gasoline to perform hydrolysis of olefin hydrocarbons , represented by octene (C8) into petroleum gas hydrocarbons , represented by butane (C4) , wherein the additive consists of a plurality of units of chemicals and is evenly dispersed through-out the gasoline , and wherein the units of chemicals consists of a base explosive that detonates , under the requisite pressure and temperature conditions , a chain of reactions that are aided by a low concentration of lead , an organopalladium or an organoplatinum catalyst , that utilize an elemental component of water present as a combustion product to perform hydrolysis of olefin hydrocarbons , represented by octene (C8) into petroleum gas hydrocarbons , represented by butane (C4) , to increase the engine's mechanical efficiency through the mechanisms of: increasing the pressure in the compression stroke , above the engine's 10:1 or higher; contributing components with an octane number (ON) of 102 to the gasoline that enters the ...

Aviation Gasoline Containing Branched Aromatics with a Manganese Octane Enhancer

An improved aviation gasoline formulation includes a branched aromatic composition to improve the Motor Octane Number of the fuel. Specifically, the branched aromatic composition includes an aromatic functional group covalently bonded to a branched alkyl group. The branched aromatic composition is used in the aviation gasoline together with a manganese-containing compound to enable the fuel to meet MON requirements. 1. An aviation gasoline formulation comprising:at least about 20 volume percent of aviation alkylate composition;a manganese-containing compound; andabout one to 50 volume percent of aromatic composition, wherein the aromatic composition includes a branched aromatic composition that is an aromatic functional group covalently bonded to a branched alkyl group.2. An aviation gasoline formulation as described in claim 1 , wherein the aromatic functional group is selected from the group consisting of benzene claim 1 , naphthalene and anthracene.3. An aviation gasoline formulation as described in claim 1 , wherein the aromatic functional group is a heteroaromatic group that contains an atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen claim 1 , nitrogen and sulfur.4. An aviation gasoline formulation as described in claim 1 , wherein the aromatic functional group is a 5 or 6 membered aromatic ring.5. An aviation gasoline formulation as described in claim 1 , wherein the branched alkyl group contains 3 to 15 atoms.6. The aviation gasoline formulation as described in claim 5 , wherein the branched alkyl group is formed entirely of carbon atoms.7. An aviation gasoline formulation as described in claim 5 , wherein the branched alkyl group includes one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen claim 5 , nitrogen claim 5 , sulfur claim 5 , silicon claim 5 , phosphorous claim 5 , boron claim 5 , fluorine claim 5 , chlorine claim 5 , bromine and iodine.8. An aviation gasoline formulation as described in claim 1 , wherein the branched aromatic ...

Yttrium and magnesium based vanadium corrosion inhibitors

A process based on the combined use of yttrium and magnesium to inhibit vanadium corrosion of high temperature parts of thermal equipment. The combined use of yttrium and magnesium, applied in a variable yttrium/magnesium ratio, compared with conventional magnesium inhibition, may reduce emission of magnesium vanadate and minimize losses of performance due to fouling of the high temperature parts, including in the presence of alkali metals. Further, compared with inhibition based on yttrium alone, it may reduce the inhibition cost and reinforce the protection against combined vanadium pentoxide and sodium sulfate corrosion.

Process for Commissioning an Exhaust Particulate Filter

A process is provided for commissioning a particulate filter for the exhaust system of a device powered in whole or in part by an internal combustion engine. The process improves the filtration efficiency of an uncarbonized or decarbonized particulate filter through a single deposition of metal oxide particles via a gas stream. 1. A process for commissioning a particulate filter for the exhaust system of a device , the device being powered in whole or in part by an internal combustion engine fuelled either by a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel untreated with lubricating oil or by a gaseous hydrocarbonaceous fuel , the process comprising:(i) passing a gas stream through an uncarbonized new, or decarbonized reconditioned, particulate filter;(ii) releasing into the gas stream upstream of the particulate filter a flow of metal oxide particles in a single period of release sufficient to deposit metal oxide particles onto the uncarbonized or decarbonized surfaces of the channels of the filter exposed to the gas stream; and(iii) consigning the particulate filter to operate on the exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion engine of the device in service.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the device is a vehicle or marine vessel claim 1 , or a stationary generator or plant.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the internal combustion engine is fuelled by a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel untreated with lubricating oil.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the internal combustion engine is fuelled by gasoline fuel or biofuel claim 1 , or mixtures thereof; and wherein the device is a powered by a hybrid power source comprising the internal combustion engine and one or more electric drive motors.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the internal combustion engine is fuelled by gasoline fuel or biofuel claim 3 , or mixtures thereof; and wherein the device is a powered by a hybrid power source comprising the internal combustion engine and one or more electric drive motors. ...

COMPOSITION FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS, CARBON DEPOSITS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION

A composition is disclosed. The composition is useful for reducing emissions, carbon deposits and fuel consumption when liquid hydrocarbon fuels are combusted. The composition comprises: from 80 to 90 percent (%) by weight of ferrocene; and one or more components selected from the group consisting of behenyl alcohol, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, and magnesium stearate, whereas each of the components (if present) is present in the composition in a maximum quantity of 10% by weight. Generally, at least behenyl alcohol is present, along with at least one of hydrogenated cottonseed oil and magnesium stearate. The composition can be prepared in the form of granulated material, which can be subsequently applied as such or can be modified to another form (e.g. tablets, solutions, etc.). An additive for liquid hydrocarbon fuels is also disclosed. 1. A composition for reducing emissions , carbon deposits and fuel consumption at liquid hydrocarbon fuels combustion , the composition comprising:80 to 90 percent by weight of ferrocene; behenyl alcohol; andat least one of hydrogenated cottonseed oil and magnesium stearate;wherein each of the behenyl alcohol, the hydrogenated cottonseed oil and/or the magnesium stearate is present in the composition in an amount up to 10 percent by weight.2. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising 80 percent by weight of the ferrocene claim 1 , 10 percent by weight of the behenyl alcohol claim 1 , and 10 percent by weight of the hydrogenated cottonseed oil.3. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising 80 percent by weight of the ferrocene claim 1 , 5 percent by weight of the behenyl alcohol claim 1 , 5 percent by weight of the hydrogenated cottonseed oil claim 1 , and 10 percent by weight of the magnesium stearate.4. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising 85 percent by weight of the ferrocene claim 1 , 5 percent by weight of the behenyl alcohol claim 1 , 5 percent by weight of the hydrogenated cottonseed oil claim 1 , ...

Method and composition for improving the combustion of aviation fuels

An aviation fuel is formulated with manganese-containing compounds. The composition may include relatively high amounts of manganese up to about 500 mg Mn/l. A manganese-containing additive may reduce the smoke created during the combustion of the aviation fuel. Additionally, the aviation fuel composition may include manganese to improve octane and include a phosphorus-containing scavenger to reduce manganese oxide engine deposits.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR IMPROVING THE COMBUSTION OF AVIATION FUELS

An aviation fuel is formulated with manganese-containing compounds. The composition may include relatively high amounts of manganese up to about 500 mg Mn/l. A manganese-containing additive may reduce the smoke created during the combustion of the aviation fuel. Additionally, the aviation fuel composition may include manganese to improve octane and include a phosphorus-containing scavenger to reduce manganese oxide engine deposits. Further, isooctane is added in order to, with the manganese-containing compound, improve the octane number of the fuel. 1. A substantially unleaded aviation fuel composition comprising:(a) from about 10 to about 80 volume percent of aviation alkylate;(b) from about zero to 50 volume percent isooctane;(c) from about zero to 20 volume percent of isopentane;(d) from about zero to about 30 volume percent of aromatic hydrocarbons;(e) from about 0.5 to 500 mg Mn/l of one or more cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl; and(f) a manganese scavenger compound;wherein the composition is substantially lead-free, and the composition has a rating number of at least about 96 as determined by ASTM Test Method D 2700.2. An aviation fuel composition as described in claim 1 , comprising about 15 to 20 volume percent of aromatic hydrocarbons.3. An aviation fuel composition as described in claim 1 , comprising about 5 to 10 volume percent of isopentane.4. An aviation fuel composition as described in claim 1 , wherein substantially lead-free is 13 mg of lead or less per liter of fuel composition.5. An aviation fuel composition as described in claim 1 , wherein substantially lead-free is about 7 mg of lead or less per liter of fuel composition.6. An aviation fuel composition as described in claim 1 , wherein substantially lead-free is an essentially undetectable amount of lead in the fuel composition.7. An aviation fuel composition as described in claim 1 , wherein the cyclopentadienyl maganese tricarbonyl is selected from the group consisting of ...

Body of Molecular Sized Fuel Additive

This invention generally refers to a new generation of fuel additives which can provide catalytic action to improve the combustion process of fossil fuels and to a catalyst among others containing an iron compound combined with an over-based magnesium compound with molecular size particles inside the combustion chamber. Such fuel additive catalysts are particularly useful for fuel oil combustion, natural gas combustion, stationary gas turbines, natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, diesel engines, gasoline engines and all stationary dual-fuel engines. 1. A fuel additive comprised of more than one metal , metal oxide or metallic compound for improving combustion of fossil fuels wherein fuel additive particles introduced into the combustion chamber of said fossil fuels are of molecular particle size.2. A fuel additive of wherein at least 50% of said fuel additive particles are of molecular size.3. A fuel additive of wherein more than one said metal claim 1 , metal oxide or metallic compound are chosen from the metals aluminum claim 1 , antimony claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , tin claim 1 , boron claim 1 , bismuth claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , barium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , copper claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , osmium claim 1 , silver claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , indium claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , barium claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , scandium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , rubidium and vanadium claim 1 , and zinc.4. A fuel additive comprised of a least three metals claim 1 , metal oxides or metallic compounds for improving combustion of fossil fuels wherein the metal claim 1 , metal ...

Three-phase fuel composition

A three-phase fuel composition may be synthesized by producing a first composition by trapping at least one gas into pores of an adsorbent, producing a coated composition by spray coating a solution on the first composition, and mixing the coated composition with a liquid fuel.

METHODS FOR REDUCING HEAVY OIL VISCOSITY

A stabilized nano-Fe-iron-crown ether complex is added to a heavy oil to reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil. The complex may be formed by preparing a solution of an iron salt and an oligomer crown compound in dialkylamine or diethylamine. Sodium tetrahydroboron (NaBH) and dialkylamine or ethylendiamine are added at a temperature of 0-10° C. The mixture is heated to room temperature and boiled, thereby converting the formed iron (II)-borhydride complex (Fe(BH)) to a crown ether—iron-hydride complex [CWFe].(2H). At higher temperature this last complex is converted to the Fe-crown nanocomposite complex. The prepared nanoparticle Fe° complex may be stabilized by inclusion into a cavity of a macrocyclic compound, and may be (1) added to diesel fuel to reduce NOx emissions upon combustion of that fuel; (2) added to lubricating oils as an anti-corrosion additive; and (3) used as an additive to secondary recovery processes within liquid hydrocarbon formations to increase the sweep efficiency and recovery factor of water-flooding operations. 1. A method of reducing the viscosity of a heavy oil comprising the step of injecting a nanoparticle Fe—crown ether complex into the heavy oil.2. The method of in which the Fe—crown ether complex is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:preparing dialkylamine or ethylenediamine solutions of iron (II) complexes with olygomer crown ethers, containing two nitrogen atoms in macrocyclic ring at a first predetermined temperature;adding a predetermined amount of a solution of sodium tetrahydroboron in ethylene diamine and mixing the result for a first predetermined period of time;heating the resulting mixture to a second predetermined temperature and then boiling the mixture for a second predetermined period of time;filtering the resulting mixture under a nitrogen atmosphere;{'sub': '4', 'adding ethanol to the resulting mixture to reduce excess NaBH, and continuing to boil the mixture until at least half of the ethylene diamine has ...

Novel Environmentally-Friendly High-Energy Alcohol-based Industrial Fuel and Preparation Method Thereof

The industrial fuel comprises the following constituents by weight percent: 65%-70% of methanol, 10%-15% of sugar pressing waste liquid, 5%-8% of rosin water, 1%-3% of oxydol with 27.5% mass concentration, 1.5%-3% of xylene, 1%-3% of phytate, 1.5%-2% of benzotriazole, 3%-5% of acetone, 0.01%-0.05% of ferrocene, 0.1%-0.5% of lavender oil, and 1.5%-2% of rubber swelling inhibitor. The fuel of the invention is a renewable energy, can completely replace the diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied gas, coal and electricity in the industrial pyrolytical combustion field, can obtain the raw materials from various sources at a low cost, is efficient, environmentally-friendly and safe, saves energy, has a stable performance, and can effectively solve the difficult problems of industrial energy shortage and high pollution and cost, thus having significant social and economic benefits. 2. A process for preparing the novel environmentally-friendly high-energy alcohol-based industrial fuel claim 1 , is characterized by: firstly claim 1 , injecting a specified dosage of methanol into a mixing tank; then sequentially injecting the rosin water claim 1 , oxydol claim 1 , xylene claim 1 , phytate claim 1 , benzotriazole claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , ferrocene and rubber swelling inhibitor in the proportion in ; standing for 30-60 minutes; injecting the sugar pressing waste liquid and the lavender oil claim 1 , and stirring for about 10-20 minutes; sealing the cap claim 1 , and standing the mixed solution for 2-4 hours at room temperature to provide the novel industrial fuel. This application claims priority to CN Patent Application Ser. No. CN2013102038530 filed 28 May 2013.The invention relates to the technical field of new energy resources, energy saving and environmental protection, in particular to a novel environmentally-friendly high-energy alcohol-based industrial fuel of a renewable energy resource and preparation method thereof.Atmospheric pollution and industrial discharge are ...

Fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime and fuel compositions containing same

A fuel composition containing a fuel additive which comprises a metal compound has been developed which fuel composition is stable upon storage. It has been discovered that a fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime does not degrade a fuel, e.g. heating fuel oil, diesel fuel and the like, upon storage. Fuel additives containing metal compounds to function, e.g., as an agent to reduce soot formation and generally improve the combustion properties of the fuel may be added to fuels and stored without the build-up of gummy deposits and sludge in the storage container.

Process for the addition of ferrocene to fuels or to petrol

Dispersant additives and process

The invention pertains to improved lubricating oil dispersants wherein a fractionating polymer is prepared prior to functionalization (e.g., in the Koch reaction) for making dispersant additives. In one aspect, it was discovered that by fractionating a polymer to remove light hydrocarbon and unreacted monomer from the polymer before the carbonylation step of the Koch reaction, the amount of light ester impurities generated was minimized. Light ester is an undesirable byproduct that adversely affects the recycle of the catalyst from the functionalization step of the Koch reaction. The invention also pertains to improved lubricating oil nitrogen-containing dispersant additives derived from fractionated polymer.

Polar monomer containing copolymers derived from olefins useful as lubricant and useful as lubricant and fuel oil additivies process for preparation of such copolymers and additives and use thereof

Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one α, β unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C 3 -C 20 α-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.0; (b) an average of at least 5 branches per 100 carbon atoms of the copolymer chains comprising the copolymer; (c) at least about 50% of said branches being methyl and/or ethyl branches; (d) substantially all of said incorporated polar monomer is present at the terminal position of said branches; (e) at least about 30% of said copolymer chains terminated with a vinyl or vinylene group; (f) a number average molecular weight, Mn, of from about 300 to about 15,000 when the copolymer is intended for dispersant or wax crystal modifier uses and up to about 500,000 where intended for viscosity modifier uses; and (g) substantial solubility in hydrocarbon and/or synthetic base oil. The copolymers are produced using late-transition-metal catalyst systems and, as an olefin monomer source other than ethylene preferably inexpensive, highly dilute refinery or steam cracker feed streams that have undergone only limited clean-up steps. Fuel and lubricating oil additives, particularly dispersants, wax crystal modifiers and flow improvers, are produced. Where functionalization and derivatization of these copolymers is required for such additives it is facilitated by the olefinic structures available in the copolymer chains.

Aromatic organic compound-transition element addition complexes

Dispersant additives and process

The invention pertains to improved lubricating oil dispersants wherein a fractionating polymer is prepared prior to functionalization (e.g., in the Koch reaction) for making dispersant additives. In one aspect, it was discovered that by fractionating a polymer to remove light hydrocarbon and unreacted monomer from the polymer before the carbonylation step of the Koch reaction, the amount of light ester impurities generated was minimized. Light ester is an undesirable byproduct that adversely affects the recycle of the catalyst from the functionalization step of the Koch reaction. The invention also pertains to improved lubricating oil nitrogen-containing dispersant additives derived from fractionated polymer.

Composition organique hydrocarburée contenant un métallo-cyclopentadiényle

Compounds of a group iv-a metal directly bonded to two cyclopentadienyl nuclei and to at least one inorganic anion and their preparation

Methods for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine

Emissions of pollutants from diesel engines are reduced by a combination of mechanical devices and fuel additives. In one series of embodiments, diesel emissions of NOx and particulates are reduced, simultaneously with gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, by the combined use of exhaust gas recirculation or engine timing modification, with a particulate trap and a platinum group metal catalyst composition. In another embodiment, a multi-metal catalyst composition, comprising a combination of a platinum metal catalyst composition and at least one auxiliary catalyst metal composition, especially cerium or copper, is employed to provide catalyst metal to the exhaust system including a diesel trap to lower the balance point of the particulate trap (the temperature at which the rate of trap loading equals the rate of regeneration) while also lowering the emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Data for platinum, copper and cerium catalysts establishes effective amounts. Tests also show selective maintenance of low oxidation of SO2 to SO3.

Method and apparatus for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine by post combustion catalyst injection

Emissions of pollutants from diesel engines (10) are reduced by a regimen for catalytically treating engine exhaust and, preferably, also the combustion of the fuel. The balance point of a diesel trap (30) is reduced to permit more efficient regeneration, preferably self-regeneration, while also reducing emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by a combination of mechanical devices and fuel additives. The regimen requires the introduction of from 0.05 to 1 ppm of a platinum group metal catalyst (based on the volume of fuel combusted) into the particulates, by introducing at least half of the platinum group metal catalyst (50) directly into the hot exhaust gases (52, 20). Preferably, the platinum group metal catalyst is employed with a combustible organic liquid to aid in either progressively loading the trap (30) with the combustible organics or to combust in the hot combustion gases to facilitate burning of the particulates on the trap (30) for more effective regeneration. The judicious selection and use of an auxiliary catalyst metal (e.g., copper), preferably adding at least half of its total to the fuel as a fuel additive, is a preferred part of the regimen to achieve the lowest trap balance point.

Method of operating an internal combustion engine

Method of operating internal combustion engines

Gasoline additives and gasoline containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in internal combustion engines

The invention provides gasoline additive compositions comprising solutions of at least one fuel-soluble platinum group metal compound in a solvent miscible in the gasoline, the platinum group metal complex being present in an amount sufficient to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of the platinum group metal when added to a predetermined amount of gasoline. Preferred solvents are oxygenated hydrocarbons such as ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and methyl tertiary butyl ether, and will preferably be employed in amounts of less than 5% of the weight of the gasoline to provide oxygen and the metal at a weight ratio of from 1,000:1 to 100,000:1. Especially preferred compounds are those of the formula: X M.sup.II R.sub.2 wherein X is a cyclooctadienyl ligand; M is a platinum group metal; and R is benzyl, phenyl or nitrobenzyl. The additive compositions and fuel treated therewith improve operating efficiency of internal combustion engines in terms of increased power output per unit of fuel burned and reduce the emissions of particulates and noxious gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide. The additives provide beneficial results upon immediate use and over long periods of continuous use.

Diesel fuel additives and diesel fuels containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in diesel engines

The invention provides diesel fuel additive compositions comprising solutions of diesel fuel-soluble platinum group metal compounds in solvents miscible in the fuel, the platinum group metal complex being present in an amount sufficient to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of the platinum group metal when added to a predetermined amount of fuel. Fuel compositions and methods employing them are also provided.

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst

저농도의 특이적인 이금속 또는 삼금속 연료 내장형 촉매를 함유하는 디젤 연료는 후처리 장치, 예컨대 필터 또는 촉매, 예를 들어 디젤 엔진의 경우에 디젤 매연 포집 필터 (DPF) 또는 디젤 산화 촉매 (DOC)를 사용하지 않고 미립자 및 기타 배출물을 감소시킨다. 플래티늄, 및 세륨 및/또는 철을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 추가 금속으로 구성된 연료 용해성 촉매를 함유하는 연료를 사용함으로써, 불완전 연소에 의해 발생되는 유형의 오염물질의 생성이 감소된다. 바람직한 연료 내장형 촉매 수준은 소량, 예를 들어 플래티늄에 대해서는 0.05 내지 0.5 ppm이고 세륨 및/또는 철에 대해서는 3 내지 8 ppm이므로, 이로써 임의의 후처리 장치를 사용하지 않고 효과적인 엔진 배출물의 감소가 제공될 것이다. 본 발명을 사용하면 적은 정도로 촉매화된 후처리 장치의 성능이 개선될 것이다. Diesel fuels containing low concentrations of specific bimetallic or trimetallic fuel embedded catalysts may be used in aftertreatment devices such as filters or catalysts, for example diesel particulate filter (DPF) or diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) in the case of diesel engines. Reduces particulates and other emissions without use. By using a fuel containing platinum and a fuel soluble catalyst composed of at least one additional metal comprising cerium and / or iron, the production of contaminants of the type caused by incomplete combustion is reduced. Preferred fuel borne catalyst levels are small amounts, for example 0.05 to 0.5 ppm for platinum and 3 to 8 ppm for cerium and / or iron, thereby providing effective engine emissions reduction without using any aftertreatment equipment. will be. Using the present invention will improve the performance of the catalytically catalyzed aftertreatment device to a lesser extent.

New soot-controlling catalytic fuel-additive compositions

본 발명은 고농도의 페로센을 함유하고 저온 상안정성이 강화된 연소분진 억제용 액상 조연소 촉매 조성물에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 중질 연료유를 연소할 때 발생하는 미연탄소를 포함한 연소 분진을 저감시킬 목적으로 투입되어 사용되는 조연소 촉매 조성물에 있어서, 핵심 산화 촉매로 사용되는 페로센을 고농도로 용해시키되, 용해된 페로센이 저온에서도 안정한 용액상으로 유지될 수 있도록 하기 위해서 기본 용매로서 특정한 방향족 용매를 선택하여 가용화와 안정화를 동시에 도모함으로써 조성물의 완전 용해 안정화 및 연소 분진 억제 기능이 크게 향상된 새로운 액상 조연소 촉매 조성물에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a liquid crude combustion catalyst composition for suppressing combustion dust containing high concentration of ferrocene and enhanced low temperature phase stability, and more particularly, to reduce combustion dust including unburned carbon generated when burning heavy fuel oil. In the crude combustion catalyst composition used for the purpose of dissolving ferrocene used as a core oxidation catalyst at a high concentration, a specific aromatic solvent is selected as a basic solvent so that the dissolved ferrocene can be maintained in a stable solution even at low temperatures. The present invention relates to a new liquid phase combustion catalyst composition which greatly improves the complete dissolution stabilization and combustion dust suppression function of the composition by simultaneously solubilizing and stabilizing.

Additives for minimizing intake valve deposits and their use

Composition comprising a transition metal or lead complex of a mannich base and an oxim and its use as a fuel additive.

La composition de carburant ci-décrite contenant un additif, lequel comprend un composé métallique, est stable lors de son stockage. On a découvert que l'additif de carburant comprenant un composé métallique et une oxime ne dégradent pas un carburant, p.ex. du mazout de chauffage, du carburant diesel et autres, lors de son stockage. Des additifs de carburant contenant des composés métalliques pour fonctionner en tant qu'agent de réduction de la formation de suie et améliorer d'une manière générale les propriétés de combustion du carburant peuvent être ajoutés à des carbutrants et stockés sans que se forment des dépôts de gomme et de boues dans le réservoir de stockage. The fuel composition described above containing an additive, which comprises a metallic compound, is stable during storage. It has been found that the fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime does not degrade a fuel, eg heating oil, diesel fuel and the like, during storage. Fuel additives containing metal compounds to function as a soot-reducing agent and generally improve the combustion properties of the fuel can be added to fuels and stored without the formation of fuel deposits. gum and sludge in the storage tank.

Fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime and fuel compositions containing same

ABSTRACT A fuel composition containing a fuel additive which comprises a metal compound has been developed which fuel composition is stable upon storage. It has been discovered that a fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime does not degrade a fuel, e.g. heating fuel oil, diesel fuel and the like, upon storage. Fuel additives containing metal compounds to function, e.g., as an agent to reduce soot formation and generally improve the combustion properties of the fuel may be added to fuels and stored without the build-up of gummy deposits and sludge in the storage container.

[UNK]

Composicao e aditivo concentrado para combustivel e metodo para obter uma composicao para combustivel estavel ao armazenamento

Fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime and fuel compositions containing same

Fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime and fuel compositions containing same

A fuel composition containing a fuel additive which comprises a metal compound has been developed which fuel composition is stable upon storage. It has been discovered that a fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime does not degrade a fuel, e.g. heating fuel oil, diesel fuel and the like, upon storage. Fuel additives containing metal compounds to function, e.g., as an agent to reduce soot formation and generally improve the combustion properties of the fuel may be added to fuels and stored without the build-up of gummy deposits and sludge in the storage container.

Fuel additive comprising metal compound and oxime and fuel composition containing these additives

Composition comprising a transition metal or lead complex of a mannich base and an oxim and its use as a fuel additive

A fuel composition containing a fuel additive which comprises a metal compound has been developed which fuel composition is stable upon storage. It has been discovered that a fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime does not degrade a fuel, e.g. heating fuel oil, diesel fuel and the like, upon storage. Fuel additives containing metal compounds to function, e.g., as an agent to reduce soot formation and generally improve the combustion properties of the fuel may be added to fuels and stored without the build-up of gummy deposits and sludge in the storage container.

Fuel additive comprising a metal complex and an oxime and fuel compositions containing same

SUBSTANCE MIXTURE CONTAINING A TRANSITION METAL OR LEAD COMPLEX OF A MANNICH BASE AND AN OXIME AND USE AS A FUEL ADDITIVE.

Fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime and fuel compositions containing same

Composicion combustible conteniendo un compuesto de metal y una oxima

La presente invención se refiere a composición combustible conteniendo un compuesto de metal y una oxima, caracterizada porque comprende: I) un complejo de un metal de transición, soluble en aceite, de una base Mannich y II) una oxima, en donde la relación molar de los componentes (I) y (II) es de aproximadamente 1:10 a 10:1.

Composition comprising a transition metal or lead complex of a mannich base and an oxim and its use as a fuel additive.

A fuel composition containing a fuel additive which comprises a metal compound has been developed which fuel composition is stable upon storage. It has been discovered that a fuel additive comprising a metal compound and an oxime does not degrade a fuel, e.g. heating fuel oil, diesel fuel and the like, upon storage. Fuel additives containing metal compounds to function, e.g., as an agent to reduce soot formation and generally improve the combustion properties of the fuel may be added to fuels and stored without the build-up of gummy deposits and sludge in the storage container.

含有金属化合物和肟的燃料添加剂及其燃料组合物

本发明涉及一种改进了的含有包括金属化合物的燃料添加剂的可稳定贮藏的燃料组合物。 本发明含有金属元素化合物和肟的燃料添加剂在贮藏期间不会分解燃料，如加热燃料油，柴油机燃料或类似物。 将含有金属元素化合物的燃料添加剂加入到燃料中可降低煤烟灰生成并可改进燃料的燃烧性质。在贮藏期间不会在贮器中形成胶状沉淀或残渣。

Av en metallfoerening och oximer sammansatt braensletillsatsmedel och braenslekompositioner innehaollande detta

Brennstoffadditiv inneholdende en overgangsmetallforbindelse, brennstoffblanding med et slikt additiv samt et konsentrat inneholdende brennstoffblandingen

Braendstofadditiv omfattende en metalforbindelse og en oxim og braendstofblandinger, der indeholder braendstofadditivet

Composicion combustible conteniendo un compuesto de metal y una oxima.

Una composición de combustible que contiene un aditivo de combustible, el cual comprende un compuesto de metal, se da a conocer, esta composición de combustible es estable durante el almacenamiento. se ha descubierto que el aditivo de combustible que comprende un compuesto de metal y una oxima no degradan un combustible, por ejemplo un aceite combustible de calentamiento, un combustible diesel y similares, durante el almacenamiento.

Composition comprising a transition metal or lead complex of a mannich base and an oxim and its use as a fuel additive

Composition

Brennstoffadditiv inneholdende en overgangsmetallforbindelse, brennstoffblanding med et slikt additiv samt et konsentrat inneholdende brennstoffblandingen

Av en metallfoerening och oximer sammansatt braensletillsatsmedel och braenslekompositioner innehaollande detta

FUEL ADDITIVE comprising a metal compound and an oxime and fuel mixtures containing these.

Av en metallfoerening och oximer sammansatt braensletillsatsmedel och braenslekompositioner innehaollande detta.

AV EN METALLFOERENING OCH OXIMER SAMMANSATT BRAENSLETILLSATSMEDEL OCH BRAENSLEKOMPOSITIONER INNEHAOLLANDE DETTA.

FUEL ADDITIVE INCLUDING A METAL COMPOUND AND OXIM AND FUEL MIXTURES CONTAINING THE FUEL ADDITIVE

SUBSTANCE MIXTURE CONTAINING A TRANSITION METAL OR LEAD COMPLEX OF A MANNICH BASE AND AN OXIME AND USE AS A FUEL ADDITIVE.

金属化合物とオキシムからなる燃料用添加剤およびこれらの添加剤を含有している燃料組成物

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Brennstoffadditiv omfattende en metallforbindelse og et oksim og brennstoffblandinger inneholdende disse.

Fuel additive composition having antiknock properties

The present invention provides a fuel additive composition comprising (i) at least one primary antiknock component selected from (a) iron or an iron compound; (b) lead or a lead compound; (c) manganese or manganese compound; and (d) a metal selected from rare earth metals, lithium, nickel, and thallium or a compound comprising a metal selected from rare earth metals, lithium, nickel, and thallium; (ii) at least one secondary antiknock component selected from (a) oxyhydrocarbyl compounds; and (b) nitrohydrocarbyl compounds; (iii) at least one of (a) a sulphur passivating agent, (b) a material capable of preventing and/or inhibiting valve seat recession of an internal combustion engine.

Metal complexes of mannich bases

Metal complexes of hydroxyl and/or thiol containing Mannichs are prepared by reacting a transition metal containing agent with an aromatic Mannich. The Mannich is prepared from a substituted hydroxyl and/or thiol containing aromatic, an aldehyde or ketone, and a hydroxyl and/or thiol containing amine compound. A Schiff base can optionally be reacted therewith. The products are useful in reducing soot ignition temperatures in diesel particulate traps.

Friction reducing additives for fuels and lubricants

烃燃料燃烧系统中的水性添加剂

使用一种含金属化合物的水性添加剂来提高燃烧废气后处理系统的操作。该添加剂作为它与燃料的乳液的一部分引进燃烧室，或者，在乳液内或单独作为水性流体引进废气或排放通道。该金属化合物捕获燃烧副产物，以保护和提高后处理系统的效率。

Использование многокомпонентного металлосодержащего катализатора для горения с более низкими выбросами

ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2007 129 120 (13) A (51) ÌÏÊ C10L 1/30 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÇÀßÂÊÀ ÍÀ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈÅ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2007129120/04, 19.01.2006 (71) Çà âèòåëü(è): ÊËÈÍ ÄÈÇÅËÜ ÒÅÊÍÎËÎÄÆÈÇ, ÈÍÊ. (US) (30) Êîíâåíöèîííûé ïðèîðèòåò: 19.01.2005 US 11/038371 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 27.02.2009 Áþë. ¹ 6 (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 2006/078764 (27.07.2006) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 101990, Ìîñêâà, Ïåòðîâåðèãñêèé ïåð., 4, "Àãåíòñòâî Åðìàêîâà, Ñòîë ðîâà è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Å.À.Åðìàêîâîé R U ÄËß ÃÎÐÅÍÈß Ñ ÁÎËÅÅ ÍÈÇÊÈÌÈ ÂÛÁÐÎÑÀÌÈ (57) Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Äèçåëüíîå òîïëèâî, ñíàáæàþùåå ýíåðãèåé äèçåëüíûå äâèãàòåëè, ñî ñíèæåííûì âûáðîñîì ÷àñòèö áåç íåîáõîäèìîñòè èñïîëüçîâàíè óñòðîéñòâ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé îáðàáîòêè, âêëþ÷àþùåå îñíîâíîå òîïëèâî ñ äèñòèëë òîì; è òîïëèâíûé êàòàëèçàòîð, ñîñòî ùèé èç ïëàòèíû è öåðè è/èëè æåëåçà, ãäå ïëàòèíà èñïîëüçóåòñ â êîíöåíòðàöèè îò 0,05 äî 0,5 ÷/ì, à óðîâåíü ñîäåðæàíè öåðè è/èëè æåëåçà ñîñòàâë åò 0.5-10 ÷/ì. 2. Òîïëèâî ïî ï.1, ñîäåðæàùåå ìåíåå 15 ÷/ì ñåðû. 3. Òîïëèâî ïî ï.1, â êîòîðîì îáùà êîíöåíòðàöè öåðè è/èëè æåëåçà ñîñòàâë åò 3-8 ÷/ì. 4. Òîïëèâî ïî ï.1, ñîñòî ùåå èç îñíîâíîãî òîïëèâà, âûáðàííîãî èç ãðóïïû, ñîñòî ùåé èç äèçåëüíîãî òîïëèâà ñî ñâåðõíèçêèì ñîäåðæàíèåì, äèçåëüíîãî òîïëèâà ¹1, äèçåëüíîãî òîïëèâà ¹2, ðåàêòèâíîãî òîïëèâà, áèîòîïëèâà, ñîäåðæàùåãî ñëîæíûå ýôèðû æèðíûõ êèñëîò, ïîëó÷åííûõ èç òðèãëèöåðèäîâ, è ñìåñè äâóõ èëè áîëåå èç íèõ. 5. Ñïîñîá ñîêðàùåíè âûáðîñà ÷àñòèö, óãëåâîäîðîäîâ è îêèñåé óãëåðîäà íåïîñðåäñòâåííî èç äèçåëüíîãî äâèãàòåë äî ïîïàäàíè â îêèñëèòåëü èëè ñàæåâûé ôèëüòð, âêëþ÷àþùèé äîáàâëåíèå â äèçåëüíîå òîïëèâî ñïëàâà ðàñòâîðèìûõ â òîïëèâå ìåòàëëîâ ïëàòèíîâîé ãðóïïû è êàê ìèíèìóì åùå îäíîãî êàòàëèòè÷åñêîãî âåùåñòâà, ñîñòî ùåãî èç ðàñòâîðèìûõ â òîïëèâå ñïëàâîâ öåðè , äë ñíèæåíè âûáðîñîâ ÷àñòèö, íåñãîðåâøèõ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ è Ñòðàíèöà: 1 RU A 2 0 0 7 1 2 9 1 2 0 A (54) ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÌÍÎÃÎÊÎÌÏÎÍÅÍÒÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÒÀËËÎÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÙÅÃÎ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÀÒÎÐÀ 2 0 0 7 1 2 9 ...

用于减少进气阀沉积物的添加剂和它们的用途

本发明公开了用于火花点燃用燃料中的新的高效清净剂/分散剂。它们是由以下(i)、(ii)和(iii)制得的一种曼尼期缩合产物:(i)1摩尔份的至少一种取代的羟基芳族化合物,该化合物在环上具有(a)由数均分子量约500—3000的聚烯烃得到的脂族烃基取代基,和(b)C 1－4 烷基;(ii)0.8至1.5摩尔份的脂族多胺,在其分子中具有一个和仅一个能够参与曼尼期缩合反应的伯或仲氨基,和(iii)0.8至1.3摩尔份的至少一种醛;条件是醛与胺的摩尔比是1.2∶1或更少。载流体例如聚(氧化亚烷基)化合物进一步增强了这些曼尼期缩合产物在减少或降低进气阀沉积物和/或进气阀堵塞的功效。

吸気弁付着物量を最小限にする添加剤およびそれの使用

(57)【要約】 【課題】 火花点火燃料で用いるに非常に有効な新規洗 浄剤／分散剤を記述する。 【解決手段】 これらはマンニッヒ縮合生成物であり、 この生成物は、アミンに対するアルデヒドのモル比が １．２またはそれ以下であることを条件として（ｉ）約 ５００から約３０００の範囲の数平均分子量を有するポ リオレフィンから誘導された脂肪族ヒドロカルビル置換 基を環上に有するヒドロキシ芳香族化合物を１モル部と （ｉｉ）あるアミノ基を有しそしてマンニッヒ縮合反応 に参与し得る第一級もしくは第二級アミノ基を分子中に １つのみ有する脂肪族ポリアミンを０．８から１．５モ ル部と（ｉｉｉ）アルデヒドを０．８から１．３モル部 用いて生じさせた生成物である。担体流体、例えばポリ （オキシアルキレン）化合物などを用いると、吸気弁の 付着物量および／または吸気弁の粘着を最小限にするか 或は低くする点で上記マンニッヒ縮合生成物が示す効果 が更に向上する。

Oil compositions

一种防止高碱燃料沾污结焦的添加剂及其制备方法与应用

本发明涉及一种防止高碱燃料沾污结焦的添加剂及其制备方法与应用，属于燃烧化学技术领域，各组分及其对应的质量百分含量如下：铝的化合物5％‐20％、氢氧化镁1％‐15％、二氧化钛1％‐5％、表面活性剂0.01％‐5％、分散剂0.5％‐15％，余量为水。将本添加剂喷射于锅炉内，能够通过参与燃烧改变焦渣化学成份及物理结构，提升灰熔点，阻止或减轻锅炉受热面的沾污、结焦、腐蚀，提升锅炉效率，能够有效的抑制高碱燃料燃烧过程中释放的碱金属蒸汽，对超临界、超超临界等大型机组的特种钢无腐蚀，且不污染环境，且不存在SCR催化剂中毒等风险。

연소실 침적물 형성의 저감을 위한 연료 조성물용 첨가제

가연성 연료용 마찰 개질제를 사용하여 기관 내에서 연소실 침적물 형성을 저감화하는 방법이 제공된다. 상기 마찰 개질제는 포화 카르복실산 및 알킬화 또는 알콕시화 아민을 조합함으로써 제조된다. 마찰 개질제의 상기 특별한 선택은 안정한 첨가제 농축물이 제형화되게 하여, 상기 첨가제 농축물로 개질된 연료로 가동되는 연소 기관 내에서 IVD 침적물의 발생이 증가하지 않고도 CCD 가 현저히 감소된다.

A kind of gasoline, diesel oil and distillate fuel oil catalyst composition peculiar to vessel

本发明公开了一种汽油、柴油以及船用馏分燃料油催化剂组成物。其配方组成包括600重量份的二叔丁基过氧化物，350重量份的甲缩醛，25重量份的联苯，25重量份的阳离子表面活性剂，0.1重量份的二茂铁当主要原料，在常温下用静态混合器经齿轮泵循环混合搅拌均匀，用400目(mesh)过滤器过滤后即成成品，颜色：啤酒色，密度(20℃),0.85kg/升。在汽油、柴油、船用馏分燃料油1000重量份中各添加量为8‑5重量份。热值＞98000大卡/kg，节能15％以上，降低尾气污染物排放80％以上的优点。

Process for fortification of inflammable matters or fuel with ferrocene

본 발명은 첨가제인 페로신의 공급을 증가시키기 위해서 연소엔진이나 연소장치의 연소실 내에 페로신으로 연소물질이나 연료를 강화시키는 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method of enriching a combustion material or fuel with ferrosine in a combustion chamber of a combustion engine or combustion apparatus to increase the supply of ferrocine as an additive. 상기의 목적을 위하여, 페로신의 승화특성이 이용된 것으로서, 이는 승화작용에 의하여 페로신을 연소가스 흐름이나 그 흐름의 일부에 도입시킴으로써 페로신과 고체상이나 액체상 또는 기체상으로 존재하는 연소물질의 연소에 의한 화학반응이 효율적으로 이루어지게 된다. For this purpose, the sublimation properties of ferrocine are used, which are introduced by the sublimation action into the combustion gas stream or a part of the stream, by the combustion of the ferrocene and the combustion material present in the solid, liquid or gaseous phase. Chemical reactions are efficient. 바람직한 적용분야로서, 디젤엔진의 연소실은 승화장치 내의 페로신 증기가 풍부한 수송가스 흐름과 디젤 탄소입자 여과장치가 설치된다. In a preferred application, the combustion chamber of a diesel engine is equipped with a ferrocin vapor-rich transport gas stream and a diesel carbon particle filter in a sublimation unit.

Improvement in or relating to fuel additive compositions

본 발명은 연료 조성물에서 또는 연료 조성물에 첨가하고자 하는 전구체 액체에서 고체의 연료-가용성 철 화합물의 가용화를 개선하기 위한, 바이시클릭 모노테르펜, 치환된 바이시클릭 모노테르펜, 아다만탄, 프로필렌 카르보네이트 및 이의 혼합물로부터 선택된 유기 화합물의 용도를 제공한다. The present invention relates to a method for improving the solubilization of a solid fuel-soluble iron compound in a fuel composition or in a precursor liquid to be added to the fuel composition, wherein the bicyclic monoterpene, the substituted bicyclic monoterpene, the adamantane, &Lt; / RTI &gt; and mixtures thereof.

Lead-free MMT fuel composition

Fuel additive for reducing greenhouse gases, NOx and particulate matter

본 발명은 유용성 금속화합물(Oil soluble metallic compound), 산소 공급제, 분산제, 윤활제, 비이온성 계면활성제 및 청정제(detergent)를 포함하는 조성물 형태의 중질유용 연료첨가제를 제공한다. 본 발명의 연료첨가제를 중질유에 소량(0.025%) 첨가하면 연소시 입자상 물질(PM), 잔류 탄소, 질소산화물 등의 발생을 저감시킬 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 연료첨가제를 중질유에 소량(0.025%) 첨가하면 연소시 최고연소압력은 상승하는 반면 배기온도는 하강하기 때문에 연소 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 본 발명의 연료첨가제는 중질유를 연료로 하는 대형보일러, 특히 대형디젤기관 등에 매우 유용하다. The present invention provides a fuel additive for heavy oil in the form of a composition comprising an oil soluble metallic compound, an oxygen supplier, a dispersant, a lubricant, a nonionic surfactant, and a detergent. Addition of a small amount (0.025%) of the fuel additive of the present invention to the heavy oil can reduce the generation of particulate matter (PM), residual carbon, nitrogen oxides and the like upon combustion. In addition, when a small amount (0.025%) of the fuel additive of the present invention is added to the heavy oil, the maximum combustion pressure during combustion is increased while the exhaust temperature is lowered, thereby improving the combustion efficiency. Therefore, the fuel additive of the present invention is very useful for a large-sized boiler using heavy oil as a fuel, particularly a large-sized diesel engine.

OIL COMPOSITIONS

본 발명은 탄화수소 오일의 저온성질을 개선시키는 특정한 하이드로카빌 기를 갖는 첨가제에 관한 것이다.

Method and composition for improving combustion of aviation fuel

FIELD: fuel industry.SUBSTANCE: invention discloses an aviation fuel composition which contains (a) from about 10 to about 80 % by volume of an aviation alkylate; (b) from about 5 to 50 % by volume of isooctane; (c) from about 5 to about 20 volume percent isopentane; (d) from about 5 to about 30 volume percent aromatic hydrocarbons, selected toluene, mesitylene or combinations thereof; (e) from about 0.5 to 500 mg of Mn/l of manganese methylcyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl; and (f) a manganese purification compound containing tricresyl phosphate, wherein said composition is substantially lead-free and said composition has an octane number of at least about 96, determined using ASTM D2700 testing method. Also disclosed is an aviation fuel additive composition and a method for increasing the octane number of substantially lead-free aviation fuel to produce aviation fuel composition by introduction of additive into base fuel.EFFECT: technical result consists in provision of high detonation resistance of aviation fuel composition.15 cl, 6 dwg, 4 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 737 165 C2 (51) МПК C10L 1/00 (2006.01) C10L 1/02 (2006.01) C10L 1/16 (2006.01) C10L 1/10 (2006.01) C10L 1/30 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C10L 1/00 (2020.08); C10L 1/02 (2020.08); C10L 1/16 (2020.08); C10L 1/10 (2020.08); C10L 1/30 (2020.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017109121, 20.03.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭФТОН КЕМИКАЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН (US) 25.11.2020 29.03.2016 US 15/083,964 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.09.2018 Бюл. № 26 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2818417 A1, 31.12.1957. EP 0609089 A1, 03.08.1994. RU 2337128 C1, 27.10.2008. US 5944858 A1, 31.08.1999. GB 2248068 A, 25.03.1992. US 20050188606 A1, 01.09.2005. (45) Опубликовано: 25.11.2020 Бюл. № 33 2 7 3 7 1 6 5 R U (54) СПОСОБ И КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ СГОРАНИЯ ...

Cleaner Combustion Diesel Engine

본 발명은, 특히 연료 내장형 촉매 (FBC)를 함유하는 농축물 함유의 연료 첨가제와 함께, 바이오디젤 및 저 방향족 함량의 초저황 디젤 연료를 포함하는 개선된 디젤 연료 배합물에 관한 것이다. 상기 촉매는 바람직하게는 플래티늄 및/또는 세륨 및/또는 철을 포함하며, 상기 초저황 디젤 연료는 바람직하게는 10% 미만의 방향족을 함유할 것이다. 바이오디젤은 전형적으로 배합물에 대해 약 20%의 양으로 사용된다. The present invention relates, in particular, to improved diesel fuel formulations comprising biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels of low aromatic content together with fuel additives containing concentrates containing fuel borne catalyst (FBC). The catalyst preferably comprises platinum and / or cerium and / or iron and the ultra low sulfur diesel fuel will preferably contain less than 10% aromatics. Biodiesel is typically used in amounts of about 20% relative to the formulation.

Preparation of cyclopentadienyl compounds of groups iiia, iiib, vb and vib metals

Cyclomatic compounds

Mannich condensation products of polyalkylene hydroxyaromatic esters and fuel compositions containing the same

Mannich condensation products prepared by the condensation of a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1 through 6 carbon atoms, hydroxy or lower alkoxy having 1 through 6 atoms; R 1 is polyalkyl having an average molecular weight of about from 400 to 5000 and n is 0 or a whole integer of from 1 through 10 with ammonia, alkylamine, or polyamine and an aldehyde. The condensation products and their fuel-soluble salts are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst

含有低浓度的特定双金属或三金属的燃料携带的催化剂的柴油，无需使用后处理设备如过滤器或催化剂，例如在柴油机情形中柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)或者柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)，降低了微粒和其它排放。通过利用含有可溶于燃料的催化剂的燃料，该催化剂包含铂和至少一种另外的金属(包括铈和/或铁)，降低了不完全燃烧产生的类型的污染物的产量。优选的燃料携带的催化剂的水平是低的，例如为0.05～0.5ppm的铂和3～8ppm的铈和/或铁，由此提供了有效的发动机输出排放降低，无需任何后处理设备。采用本发明改进了轻度催化的后处理设备的性能。

Method of oxidizing soot and reducing soot accumulation in adiesel fuel combustion after treatment system

一种减小柴油机燃料燃烧系统中的灰积聚的副作用的方法，包括向柴油机燃料燃烧系统提供一种燃料，该燃料带有一种添加剂，该添加剂包括一种锰化合物。所述燃烧系统包括一催化的柴油机颗粒过滤器，或者一连续再生的柴油机颗粒过滤器。所述燃料在所述燃烧系统中燃烧，产生至少一种副产品，该副产品包括所述锰化合物。该锰化合物的用量达到与所述燃烧副产品复合的有效量。

Process for the addition of ferrocene to fuels or to petrol

In this process for the addition of ferrocene to fuels or to petrols, improved metering of the ferrocene additive into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or combustion installation is to be made possible. For this purpose, the sublimation properties of ferrocene are exploited by transferring the latter by means of sublimation into a stream of the combustion gas or a part stream thereof and feeding it together with the fuel or petrol present in fine distribution as solid or liquid particles or in the vaporised form to the chemical conversion by combustion. A preferred application is the charging of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine fitted with a diesel particle filter by means of a carrier gas stream enriched with ferrocene vapour in a sublimator.

Process for adding fuel or fuels to ferrocene

Process for the addition of ferrocene to combustion or motor fuels

A process for the addition of ferrocene to combustion or motor fuels involves an improved metering of the additive ferrocene into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or a combustion system. The process utilizes the sublimation properties of ferrocene in that ferrocene is passed through sublimation into a stream of combustion gas or a substream thereof and with the combustion or motor fuel, which is present as a vapor or finely distributed as solid or liquid particles, fed to a chemical conversion through combustion. A preferred application consists of loading the combustion chamber of a diesel engine equipped with a diesel particulate filter with a carrier gas stream enriched with ferrocene vapor in a sublimator.

Method of adding ferrocene as an additive to fuel

PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING THE ADDITIVE FERROCEN TO FUELS OR FUELS.

EN ESTE PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA ADICION DE FERROCENO A COMBUSTIBLES O CARBURANTES, DEBE HACERSE POSIBLE UNA DOSIFICACION PERFECCIONADA DEL ADITIVO FERROCENO EN LA CAMARA DE COMBUSTION DE UN MOTOR DE COMBUSTION INTERNA O DE UNA INSTALACION DE COMBUSTION. PARA ELLO SE UTILIZAN LAS PROPIEDADES DE SUBLIMACION DEL FERROCENO, POR LAS CUALES ESTE, POR MEDIO DE LA SUBLIMACION, SE PASA A UN FLUJO DE GASES DE COMBUSTION, O UN FLUJO PARCIAL DEL MISMO, Y ES ALIMENTADO CON EL COMBUSTIBLE O CARBURANTE PRESENTE, EN DISTRIBUCION FINA COMO PARTICULAS SOLIDAS O LIQUIDAS O EN FORMA DE VAPOR, DE LA TRANSFORMACION QUIMICA POR MEDIO DE LA COMBUSTION. UNA APLICACION PREFERENTE CONSISTE EN LA IMPULSION DE LA CAMARA DE COMBUSTION DE UN MOTOR DIESEL, EQUIPADO CON UN FILTRO DE PARTICULAS DIESEL, CON UN FLUJO DE GAS PORTADOR ENRIQUECIDO CON UN SUBLIMADOR, CON VAPOR DE FERROCENO.

Compositions comprising dimeric or oligomeric ferrocenes

The present invention relates to iron-organo compounds and the use of such compounds in the regeneration of particulate filter traps in combustion systems such as high-compression spontaneous ignition engines. The iron-organo compounds have the formula X-Y where X represents the group of formula Y represents the formula each A and B is independently an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic carbon ring or an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic heterocyclic ring; the or each Z is independently an unsubstituted or substituted divalent hydrocarbyl group; n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 10.

Composition

본 발명은 ⅰ)화학식 (Ⅰ)의 최소 하나의 화합물, The present invention is iii) at least one compound of formula (I), 상기 식에서, R1 및 R2는 수소, 화학식 (Ⅱ)의 미치환된 혹은 치환된 C1-19 하이드로카빌기로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 독립적으로 선택되며, Wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-19 hydrocarbyl group of formula (II), 상기 식에서 Q는 결합이거나 혹은 미치환된 혹은 치환된 하이드로카빌기이며; 상기 R3는 수소 및 미치환된 혹은 치환된 C1-18하이드로카빌로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되며; 상기 R1-C-R2 백본은 길이가 5~20인 원자이며; 각 A 및 B는 독립적으로 미치환된 혹은 치환된 불포화 고리형 하이드로카빌기이며; n은 0~10의 정수이며; 및 Wherein Q is a bonded, unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl group; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted or substituted C 1-18 hydrocarbyl; The R1-C-R2 backbone is 5-20 atoms in length; Each A and B is independently an unsubstituted or substituted unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl group; n is an integer of 0 to 10; And ⅱ)희석제 혹은 캐리어를 포함하는 조성물이 제공되며, Ii) a composition comprising a diluent or a carrier is provided, 상기 식에서 화학식 (Ⅰ)의 화합물은 30℃에서 상기 조성물의 중량을 기준으 로 철을 최소 1중량%로 제공하기에 충분한 양으로 존재한다. Wherein the compound of formula (I) is present at 30 ° C. in an amount sufficient to provide iron at least 1% by weight based on the weight of the composition. 연료, 첨가제, 하이드로카빌 Fuels, additives, hydrocarbyl

Method for admixing an additive with a fluid and installation therefor

The invention relates to a method for admixing additives with fluids, according to which the additives are present in solid form. Said additives are either liquefied by heating for the admixing process, a reservoir (1) being situated upstream of an intermediate storage container (2, 16), which has a significantly smaller volume and permits, among other things, a rapid operational readiness of an installation of this type, said installation merely allowing the heating of the relevant additive to its liquefaction temperature in the reservoir (1) and intermediate storage container (2, 16) and the admixture to take place once the additive is in the liquefied state, or the additives are admixed with the fluid in a predetermined concentration as additives that can be dissolved in the fluid by being submerged in the latter, optionally with the additional heating of the fluid and/or the additive.