ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОСОБЫХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ КВАТЕРНИРОВАННЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ АЗОТА В КАЧЕСТВЕ ПРИСАДОК К ТОПЛИВАМ И СМАЗОЧНЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ

Изобретение раскрывает применение продукта реакции, содержащего кватернизированное соединение азота или содержащего кватернизированное соединение азота частичной фракции, полученной из продукта реакции посредством очистки, в качестве топливной присадки в количестве от 10 до 5000 ч.н.м. масс, в пересчете на общее количество топлива, причем продукт реакции получен путем: a) взаимодействия кватернизируемого соединения азота, содержащего по меньшей мере одну кватернизируемую аминогруппу, со средством кватернизирования, которое преобразует по меньшей мере одну кватернизируемую аминогруппу в группу четвертичного аммония, причем средством кватернизирования является сложный С-С-алкиловый эфир алифатической, циклоароматической или циклоалифатической поликарбоновой кислоты, и b) переэтерификации или амидирования оставшейся сложноэфирной группы продукта кватернизирования стадии а), причем переэтерификацию осуществляют посредством спирта, выбранного из группы, включающей: насыщенные или ненасыщенные ...

СТАБИЛИЗИРУЮЩАЯ СИНЕРГИЧЕСКАЯ СМЕСЬ И ЕЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Настоящее изобретение относится к стабилизирующей синергической смеси, содержащей от 10 до 99% мас., по меньшей мере, одного соединения, по меньшей мере, с одним структурным элементом формулы (I):в которой свободные валентности атома кислорода и атома азота могут быть замкнуты, образуя пятичленное, шестичленное или семичленное кольцо, а бензольное кольцо в одном или нескольких свободных положениях может содержать заместители, и от 1 до 90% мас., по меньшей мере, одного серосодержащего органического соединения, обладающего действием антиоксиданта, причем сумма компонентов (А) и (В) составляет 100% мас. Также настоящее изобретение относится к применению стабилизирующей синергической смеси в качестве стабилизатора для стабилизации нефтепродуктов, топлив и топлив для турбореактивных двигателей и в качестве стабилизатора для повышения стойкости смазочных композиций. Техническим результатом настоящего изобретения является получение средства, обеспечивающее улучшенную защиту от вредного воздействия ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

... 1. Композиция неэтилированного авиационного топлива, имеющая МОЧ по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше, чем 0,05 мас. %, содержание CHN по меньшей мере 98 мас. %, содержание кислорода меньше, чем 2 мас. %, уточненную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа, включающая смесь, содержащую:от 35 об. % до 55 об. % толуола, имеющего МОЧ по меньшей мере 107;от 2 об. % до 10 об. % анилина;от 15 об. % до 30 об. % по меньшей мере одного алкилата или смеси алкилатов, имеющей температуру начала кипения в диапазоне от 32°С до 60°С и температуру конца кипения в диапазоне от 105°С до 140°С, имеющей точку выкипания Т40 меньше, чем 99°С, Т50 меньше, чем 100°С, Т90 меньше, чем 110°С, причем алкилат или смесь алкилатов содержит изопарафины, имеющие от 4 до 9 атомов углерода, 3-20 об. % С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об. % С7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об. % С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат или смесь алкилатов, и меньше, чем 1 об. % углеводородов С10 ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ АЗОТА, КВАТЕРНИЗИРОВАННЫХ АЛКИЛЕНОКСИДОМ И ЗАМЕЩЕННОЙ ГИДРОКАРБИЛОМ ПОЛИКАРБОНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ, В КАЧЕСТВЕ ПРИСАДОК К ТОПЛИВАМ И СМАЗОЧНЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕТРАГИДРОБЕНЗОКСАЗИНОВ В КАЧЕСТВЕ СТАБИЛИЗАТОРОВ

... 1. Применение тетрагидробензоксазинов общей формулы I ! ! в которой заместитель R1 означает остаток гидрокарбила, имеющий от 1 до 3000 атомов углерода, который может быть прерван одним или несколькими гетероатомами из группы O или S и/или одной или несколькими группировками NR6, ! при этом R6 означает атом водорода или остаток алкила, имеющий от 1 до 4 атомов углерода, и ! заместители R2, R3, R4 и R5 независимо друг от друга означают атомы водорода, группы гидроксила или остатки гидрокарбила, имеющие соответственно от 1 до 3000 атомов углерода, которые могут быть прерваны одним или несколькими гетероатомами из группы O или S и/или одной или несколькими группировками NR6, ! при этом заместитель R4 также может означать остаток формулы Y ! ! в которой значения заместителей R1, R2, R3 и R5 такие как названы выше, и заместитель Х означает фрагмент углеводородного мостика, который состоит из одного или нескольких звеньев изобутена или содержит один или несколько звеньев изобутена, или ! при этом ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ И СПОСОБ СНИЖЕНИЯ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ ГИДРАТОВ

... 1. Композиция, включающая соединение следующей формулы и необязательно его соли:где R, Rи Rкаждый независимо представляет собой CHили бензил;где Rпредставляет собой С-Салкил или алкенил;n обозначает целое число от 0 до 10; иXпредставляет собой противоион;необязательно дополнительно включающая по меньшей мере один полярный или неполярный растворитель или их смесь.2. Композиция по п.1, в которой каждый алкил независимо выбран из группы, состоящей из линейного алкила, разветвленного алкила, циклического алкила, насыщенного варианта вышеизложенных, ненасыщенного варианта вышеизложенных и их комбинации.3. Композиция по п.1, в которой алкил для каждого из R, Rи Rнезависимо выбран из группы, состоящей из метила, этила, пропила, бутила, пентила, гексила, гептила, октила, нонила, децила и их комбинаций.4. Композиция по п.1, в которой алкил в Rвыбран из группы, состоящей из бутила, пентила, гексила, гептила, октила, нонила, децила и их комбинаций.5. Композиция по п.1, в которой Rи Rпредставляют собой ...

СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ

... 1. Способ удаления отложений из дизельного двигателя, включающийсжигание в двигателе топливной композиции для дизельных двигателей, включающей добавку для очистки двигателя, где добавка для очистки двигателя представляет собой продукт реакции Манниха, протекающей между:(a) альдегидом;(b) аммиаком, гидразином или амином; и(c) фенолом, который может быть замещенным;и при этом средняя молекулярная масса единственного или каждого заместителя фенольного компонента (с) составляет менее 400.2. Способ по п.1, в котором компонент (b) представляет собой полиэтиленполиамин, содержащий от 2 до 8 атомов азота.3. Способ по п.1, в котором содержание добавки для очистки двигателя в топливной композиции для дизельных двигателей составляет по меньшей мере 30 частей на миллион.4. Способ по п.1, в котором топливная композиция для дизельных двигателей дополнительно включает добавку, включающую четвертичную соль аммония, полученную по реакции азотсодержащего вещества, включающего по меньшей мере одну третичную ...

ДИСПЕРГАТОРЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ПОЛИОЛЕФИНА

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline (AVGAS) having a MON at least 99.6, a low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105°C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 210°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 lcPa and a freezing point of less than -58 °C is provided. The composition comprises toluene, toluidine, at least one alkylate or alkylate blend, a diethyl carbonate and isopentane in certain proportions, and less than 1 vol % of C8 aromatics.

Compositions and methods

Methods and uses relating to fuel compositions

UNIVERSAL SYNTHETIC LUBRICANT, PROCEDURE AND PRODUCT BY PROCESS FOR SUBSTITUTION OF THE LOST SULFUR LUBRICATION WHEN USING SULFUR ARMS DIESEL FUELS

USE OF TETRAHYDROBENZOXAZINEN AS ANTIOXIDANTIEN

Universal synthetic lubricant, method and product-by-process to replace the lost sulfur lubrication when using low-sulfur diesel fuels

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 98wt%, less than 2 wt% of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 'C is provided.

UNIVERSAL SYNTHETIC GOLF CLUB CLEANER AND PROTECTANT, METHOD AND PRODUCT-BY- PROCESS TO CLEAN, PROTECT GOLF CLUB FACES AND REJUVENATE GOLF CLUBS GRIPS

The club cleaner, conditioner and protectant comprises alpha-olefins, low-odor aromatic solvents; and at least one base oil selected from the base oil group consisting of Hydrolsomerized high base oils and HT Sever Hydro-cracked Base oils; as well as other (optional) ingredients. Also disclosed is a method for producing this product and related product-by-process. This product uses a formulated cleaning mixture to clean and restore the face of the club while rejuvenating the grips. The invention when sprayed on the clubface removes foreign materials and when wiped dry protects the face of the clubs from harsh stains, caused by soils, grass and chemicals related to fertilizers. In experimental testing, the invention increases drive distances by reducing sidespin and increasing backspin. The club is left with a factory-like finish making it easy to wipe clean of soiling. The invention when applied to the grips restores the surface to the new feel.

METHOD OF IMPROVING OIL COMPOSITIONS

MODIFIED ALKYL-PHENOL-ALDEHYDE RESINS, USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS IN COLD CONDITIONS

La présente invention concerne de nouvelles résines alkylphénol-aldéhyde modifiées avec un ou plusieurs alkylamines, ayant de préférence au moins un groupement de type amine primaire ainsi que leur utilisation pour améliorer les propriétés d'écoulement des carburants et combustibles hydrocarbonés, tels que notamment carburant jet, gazole, fioul domestique et fioul lourd.

COMPOSITION, METHOD AND USE

A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C36 alkyl group.

FUEL COMPOSITION COMPRISING DETERGENT AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT ADDITIVE

A method of reducing deposits in a diesel engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising a detergent additive which is not a quaternary ammonium salt or a Mannich reaction product; and a quaternary ammonium salt additive comprising the reaction product of nitrogen containing species having at least one tertiary amine group and a quaternizing agent; wherein the nitrogen containing species is selected from: (i) the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound comprising at least one tertiary amine group and a primary amine, secondary amine or alcohol group; (ii) a Mannich reaction product comprising a tertiary amine group; and (v) a polyalkylene substituted amine having at least one tertiary amine group.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105°C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 210°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than -58 °C is provided.

ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS AND COMBUSTIBLES

La présente invention concerne des compositions d'additifs et leur utilisation pour améliorer les propriétés à froid de carburants et combustibles. Les compositions d'additifs comprennent au moins une résine alkylphénol-aldéhyde modifiée et au moins un additif de filtrabilité choisi parmi : les terpolymères de (méth)acrylate d'alkyle en C4 à C22, d'alpha-oléfine en C20 à C24 et de maléimide N-substitué par une chaîne hydrocarbonée ayant entre 4 et 30 atomes de carbone, les homopolymères de (méth)acrylate d'alkyle en C1 à C40, de préférence les polyacrylates d'alkyle en C8 à C24, les sels d'ammonium de mono ou polyacide carboxylique comprenant au moins une chaîne hydrocarbonée, linéaire ou ramifiée, saturée ou insaturée et ayant entre 4 et 30 atomes de carbone. La présente invention concerne également des compositions de carburants ou combustibles hydrocarbonés liquides comprenant de telles compositions.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING LOW SULFUR DISPERSANT POLYMERS

The present invention relates to a process for preparing grafted polyalkyl(meth)acrylates (PAMAs) containing dispersant repeating units in the polymer backbone as well as in the grafted layer, which polymers are characterized by a low sulfur content, the products available by this process and their use as an additive to fuels, especially to middle distillates and blends thereof. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising the grafted polyalkyl(meth)acrylates prepared by the process according to the present invention and the use of said composition as an additive component to fuels, especially to middle distillates and blends thereof, and for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oil and fuel oil compositions, especially to middle distillate fuels and blends thereof.

FUEL COMPOSITION

prisadochnye compositions and their application for improving low temperature characteristics of fuels and combustible materials

COMPOSITION OF NEW DIESEL FUEL, SUITABLE FOR DIESEL ENGINES

ABSORBENT FOR SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM FLUID MEDIUM FLOW

ADDITIVE FOR IMPROVING THE OXIDATION STABILITY AND/OR STORAGE OF FUEL OR FLUID HYDROCARBON FUELS

ADDITIVES IMPROVING WEAR RESISTANCE AND AT LACQUERING OF DIESEL OR BIODIESEL FUELS

GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITION, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE OF SUCH A COMPOSITION

L'invention concerne une composition de carburant essence comprenant au moins 70% massique d'un carburant essence et au moins un composé viscosifiant apte à augmenter la viscosité dynamique du carburant essence jusqu'à une valeur de viscosité dynamique, à une température de 40°C et à pression atmosphérique, supérieure ou égale à 10mPa.s, de préférence 100mPa.s et à lui conférer un caractère rhéofluidifiant. L'invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d'une telle composition de carburant essence. L'invention concerne également son utilisation comme combustible pour moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule motorisé de compétition.

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM FUEL ADDITIVES

formulação de um combustível a partir de uma mistura de etanol e aditivos especias para o uso em motores a óleo diesel

Process for preparing low sulfur dispersant polymers

The present invention relates to a process for preparing grafted polyalkyl (meth)acrylates (PAMAs) containing dispersant repeating units in the polymer backbone as well as in the grafted layer, which polymers are characterized by a low sulfur content, the products available by this process and their use as an additive to fuels, especially to middle distillates and blends thereof. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising the grafted polyalkyl (meth)acrylates prepared by the process according to the present invention and the use of said composition as an additive component to fuels, especially to middle distillates and blends thereof, and for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oil and fuel oil compositions, especially to middle distillate fuels and blends thereof.

Synergistic mixture

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Additive compositions and use thereof for improving the cold properties of fuels and combustibles

The present disclosure also relates to compositions of motor fuels or liquid hydrocarbon fuels including such compositions.

FIRE STARTER

A fire starter includes a casing made from a first material a first material having a first time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the casing burns after being ignited. A second material disposed in the casing has a second time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the second material burns after being ignited. An igniter, disposed in the casing and adjacent to the second material, generates a first thermal event to ignite the second material wherein the second material combusts to define a second thermal event that ignites the first material. An actuator is coupled to the igniter and is positioned outside of the casing for activating the igniter to generate the first thermal event.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF STABLE TOLUENE DIAMINE RESIDUE/WATER BLENDS, RELATED COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF USING SUCH BLENDS AS A FUEL

Processes for stabilizing toluenediamine residues are disclosed. These processes include adding a low viscosity, low boiling liquid to a toluenediamine residue composition to form a blend, and optionally, continuously monitoring the viscosity of the blend during addition of the low viscosity, low boiling liquid. The low viscosity, low boiling liquid may be added at 5% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the blend. Further, the low viscosity, low boiling liquid may be added so that the blend has a viscosity of 10,000 cP or less throughout the temperature range of 40° C. to 95° C. Blends of toluenediamine residue compositions and low viscosity, low boiling liquids such as water, and methods of their use as a fuel are also disclosed.

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

Изобретение раскрывает композицию неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет МОЧ по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше чем 0,05 масс. %, содержание CHN по меньшей мере 98 масс. %, содержание кислорода меньше чем 2 масс. %, уточненную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа, включающая смесь, содержащую: от 35 об. % до 55 об. % толуола, имеющего МОЧ по меньшей мере 107; от 2 об. % до 10 об. % анилина; от 15 об. % до 30 об. % по меньшей мере одного алкилата или смеси алкилатов, имеющей температуру начала кипения в диапазоне от 32°С до 60°С и температуру конца кипения в диапазоне от 105°С до 140°С, имеющей точку выкипания Т40 меньше чем 99°С, Т50 меньше чем 100°С, Т90 меньше чем 110°С, причем алкилат или смесь алкилатов содержит изопарафины, имеющие от 4 до 9 атомов углерода, 3-20 об. % С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об. % С7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об. % С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат или смесь алкилатов, и меньше чем ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ И СПОСОБ СНИЖЕНИЯ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ ГИДРАТОВ

Изобретение относится к антиагломерирующей композиции, предназначенной для ингибирования образования гидратов газа в жидкости, состоящей из соединений формулы (I) или (III) и полярного растворителя или смеси полярных растворителей. Где для соединений формул (I) или (III) R представляет собой по меньшей мере один насыщенный или ненасыщенный С, С, С, C, Cи Cалкил или алкенил, Hex представляет собой гексил, Bu представляет собой бутил, COCO представляет собой кокоамин и Xпредставляет собой противоион, обозначающий по меньшей мере один галогенид или карбоксилат. Также изобретение относится к способу ингибирования образования агломератов гидратов в жидкости, содержащей воду, газ и необязательно жидкие углеводороды. Технический результат заключается в разработке антиагломерирующих композиций, предназначенных для ингибирования образования агломератов гидратов в жидкости, содержащей воду, газ и, необязательно, жидкие углеводороды, где жидкость необязательно содержится в трубопроводе нефти или газа ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

Изобретение раскрывает композицию неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет МОЧ, по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше чем 0,05 % масс., содержание CHN, по меньшей мере 98 масс. %, содержание кислорода меньше чем 2 масс. %, уточненную теплоту сгорания, по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа, температуру замерзания ниже чем -58°С. Технический результат заключается в получении высокооктановой композиции авиационного топлива, с улучшенными характеристиками, которое отвечает стандарту для авиационных топлив ASTM D910. 15 з.п. ф-лы, 11 пр., 2 табл.

ИНГИБИТОРЫ ГАЗОВЫХ ГИДРАТОВ

Предложена противоагломерационная добавка для предотвращения или ингибирования агломерации газовых гидратов в потоке сырых углеводородов, содержащая A) противоагломерат, который представляет собой продукт реакции: (i) реагента дикарбоновой кислоты, замещенной гидрокарбильной группой, выбранной из метана, бутана или бутена, гексана или гексена, нонана или нонена, додекана или додецена, октадекана или октадецена, эйкозана или эйкозена, докозана или докозена и их разветвленных производные и изомеров, а также из полиолефинов, (ii) азотсодержащего соединения, имеющего атом кислорода или азота, способного конденсироваться с указанным реагентом гидрокарбилзамещенной дикарбоновой кислоты, и дополнительно имеющего по меньшей мере одну кватернизируемую аминогруппу, выбранного из диаминов и алканоламинов, и (iii) кватернизующего агента, подходящего для превращения кватернизируемой аминогруппы азотсодержащего соединения в четвертичный азот, выбранного из сульфонатов; сультонов; фосфатов; боратов; нитритов ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ АЗОТА, КВАТЕРНИЗИРОВАННЫХ АЛКИЛЕНОКСИДОМ И ЗАМЕЩЕННОЙ ГИДРОКАРБИЛОМ ПОЛИКАРБОНОВОЙ КИСЛОТОЙ, В КАЧЕСТВЕ ПРИСАДОК К ТОПЛИВАМ И СМАЗОЧНЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ

Изобретение описывает применение продукта реакции, содержащего кватернированное соединение азота, причем продукт реакции получен путем взаимодействия кватернируемого соединения азота, содержащего по меньшей мере одну кватернируемую, в частности третичную, аминогруппу, со средством кватернирования, преобразующим по меньшей мере одну кватернируемую, в частности третичную, аминогруппу, в группу четвертичного аммония, причем средством кватернирования является гидрокарбилэпоксид в комбинации с замещенной гидрокарбилом свободной поликарбоновой кислотой, в качестве присадки к топливам, смазочным материалам или керосину, причем кватернируемое соединение азота выбрано из группы, включающей: по меньшей мере один алкиламин следующей общей формулы (3):в которой по меньшей мере один из остатков R, Rи Rявляется неразветвленным или разветвленным, насыщенным или ненасыщенным гидрокарбильным остатком с 8-40 атомами углерода (в частности, неразветвленным или разветвленным алкилом с 8-40 атомами углерода) ...

СПОСОБЫ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С ОТЛОЖЕНИЯМИ НА КЛАПАНАХ В ДВИГАТЕЛЯХ С ИСКРОВЫМ ЗАЖИГАНИЕМ С ПРЯМЫМ ВПРЫСКИВАНИЕМ ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение раскрывает применение комбинации a) по меньшей мере одного моющего средства - основания Манниха, и b) по меньшей мере одного полиизобутиленамина для улучшения борьбы с образованием отложений на клапане от композиции топлива в двигателе внутреннего сгорания с прямым впрыскиванием топлива с искровым зажиганием, причем клапаном является клапан впуска воздуха, выхлопной клапан или клапан системы рециркуляции отработавших газов. Технический результат заключается в обеспечении борьбы с образованием отложений на клапанах, через которые жидкая композиция не проходит в двигателе внутреннего сгорания с прямым впрыскиванием топлива с искровым зажиганием. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 9 пр.

ЧЕТВЕРТИЧНЫЕ АММОНИЕВЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ДОБАВОК К ТОПЛИВУ ИЛИ СМАЗОЧНЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ

Изобретение относится к улучшенному способу получения дизельной топливной композиции. Способ включает получение четвертичного аммониевого соединения посредством реакции (a) третичного амина, имеющего формулу RRRN, с (b) эпоксидом, выбранным из оксида стирола, этиленоксида, пропиленоксида, бутиленоксида, эпоксигексана, оксида октена, оксида стильбена, других оксидов алкилов и алкенилов, содержащих от 2 до 50 атомов углерода, простых глицидиловых эфиров и сложных глицидиловых эфиров, в присутствии (c) монокислоты или сложного моноэфира дикислоты, включающих гидрокарбильный фрагмент, содержащий по меньшей мере 6 атомов углерода; и смешивание четвертичного аммониевого соединения с дизельным топливом. В третичном амине RRRN каждый из R, Rи Rнезависимо выбран из алкильной или гидроксиалкильной группы, содержащей от 1 до 10 атомов углерода; или Rпредставляет собой алкильную группу, содержащую от 1 до 10 атомов углерода; Rпредставляет собой алкильную группу, содержащую от 1 до 10 атомов углерода ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

... 1. Композиция неэтилированного авиационного топлива, имеющая МОЧ, по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше чем 0,05 масс.%, содержание CHN, по меньшей мере 98 масс.%, содержание кислорода меньше чем 2 масс.%, уточненную теплоту сгорания, по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа, температуру замерзания ниже, чем -58°C, включающая смесь, содержащую:от 35 об.% до 55 об.% толуола, имеющего МОЧ, по меньшей мере 107;от 4 об.% до 10 об.% компонента ароматического амина, где указанный компонент ароматического амина содержит, по меньшей мере, 2 об.% толуидина, в расчете на топливную композицию;от 15 об.% до 40 об.%, по меньшей мере одного алкилата или смеси алкилатов, имеющей температуру начала кипения в диапазоне от 32°C до 60°C и температуру конца кипения в диапазоне от 105°C до 140°C, имеющей точку выкипания Т40 меньше чем 99°C, Т50 меньше чем 100°C, Т90 меньше чем 110°C, причем алкилат или смесь алкилатов содержит изопарафины, имеющие от 4 до 9 атомов ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

... 1. Композиция неэтилированного авиационного топлива, имеющая ΜΟΝ по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы менее 0,05% мас., содержание CHN по меньшей мере 97,2% мас., содержание кислорода менее 2,8% мас., Т10 не более 75°С, Т40 по меньшей мере 75°С, Т50 не более 105°С, Т90 не более 135°С, температуру конца кипения менее 190°С, скорректированную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление паров в диапазоне 38-49 кПа, и содержащая смесь, состоящую из:20-35 об.% толуола, имеющего ΜΟΝ по меньшей мере 107;2-10 об.% анилина;30-55 об.% по меньшей мере одного алкилата или алкилатной смеси, имеющих диапазон температур начала кипения 32-60°С и диапазон температур конца кипения 105-140°С, имеющих Т40 менее 99°С, Т50 менее 100°С, Т90 менее 110°С, причем алкилат или алкилатная смесь содержит изопарафины с 4-9 атомами углерода, 3-20 об.% С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об.% С7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об.% С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат или алкилатную смесь, и менее 1 об.% С10+ в расчете на алкилат ...

Fuel compositions

A method of combating internal diesel injector deposits caused by carboxylate residues and/or lacquers in the injectors of a diesel engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising (a) the reaction product of a carboxylic acid-derived acylating agent and an amine (e.g. a reaction product of polyisobutene-substituted succinic acid or PIBSA, with a polyethylene polyamine) and (b) a quaternary ammonium salt additive. Ingredient (b) may be the product made by quaternising (i) the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound comprising at least one tertiary amine and a primary amine, secondary amine or alcohol, (ii) a Mannich reaction product comprising a tertiary amine group or (iii) a polyalkylene substituted amine having at least one tertiary amine group.

Quaternary ammonium salts and their use in fuel and lubricating compositions

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

Fuel compositions

Compositions and methods and uses relating thereto

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I) wherein R0, R1, R2 and R3 are optionally substituted hydrocarbyl groups, X is a linking group, R4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided than n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen. Also claimed is a method of preparing a quaternary ammonium salt, comprising reacting a tertiary amine with an acid-derived alkylating agent in the presence of a compound of formula HOOCXCOO-(R4O)n-R5, wherein R4, R5 and n are as defined above. Preferably, HOOCXCOO-(R4O)n-R5 is derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or succinic anhydride. The acid-derived alkylating agent may be an epoxide. A composition comprising the quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I) is also claimed. Preferably the composition is an additive composition for a fuel or lubricating oil, more preferably a diesel fuel composition. The use of the quaternary ammonium ...

Composition for Removing Soot and Scale from Chimneys, Flues, and the like.

... 26,736. Challis, C. E. Dec. 19. Parcelling chimney-cleaning compositions.-The compositions are put up in cube-shaped packages.

Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Mahleffizienz von Petrolkoks

In a method of enhancing the dry grinding efficiency of petcoke comprising adding additives to the petcoke and dry grinding the petcoke together with the additives, a combination of at least one organic additive and at least one inorganic additive is used as said additives.

Use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilisers

Fuel compositions

A fuel composition for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon. The additive increases the octane number of the fuel, thereby improving the auto-ignition characteristics of the fuel.

Quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

Methods and uses relating to fuel compositions

A method of removing deposits from a diesel engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising an engine cleaning additive, wherein the engine cleaning additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde;(b)ammonia, hydrazine or an amine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol;wherein the or each substituent of the phenol component (c) has an average molecular weight of less than 400.

Use of nitrogen compounds quaternised with alkylene oxide and hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid as additives in fuels and lubricants

Abstract The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for 5 decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the 10 invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 98wt%, less than 2 wt% of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 'C is provided.

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

A fuel composition for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon. The additive increases the octane number of the fuel, thereby improving the auto-ignition characteristics of the fuel.

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT ADDITIVE IN GASOLINE COMPOSITION AND USE THEREOF

A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C36 alkyl group.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 °C is provided.

USE OF A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID FOR IMPROVING OR BOOSTING THE SEPARATION OF WATER FROM FUEL OILS AND GASOLINE FUELS

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents.

USE OF THE REACTION PRODUCT FORMED FROM A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID AND A NITROGEN COMPOUND TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound l or a salt thereof (see diagram I) as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

USE OF THE REACTION PRODUCT FORMED FROM A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID AND A NITROGEN COMPOUND TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

Use of the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in internal combustion engines.

MODIFIED ALKILFENOLALDEGIDNYE RESIN, THEIR USE AS ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVING PROPERTIES OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS IN COLD CONDITIONS

ABSORBENT FOR SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM A FLUID STREAM

MODIFIED ALKYL-PHENOL-ALDEHYDE RESINS, USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS IN COLD CONDITIONS

prisadochnye composition for increase of resistance to formation of condensate lakoobraznogo carbon deposit from high sortnykh fuels diesel and biodiesel type

ADDITIVE, IMPROVING PROTIVOIZNOSNUYu CAPACITY AND RESISTANCE TO DEPOSITS LAKOOBRAZNOGO CARBON DEPOSIT TYPE DIESEL FUEL OR DIESEL BIOFUEL

ADDITIVE FOR CONDENSATE INCREASE RESISTANCE TO WEAR AND DEPOSITS LAKOOBRAZNOGO CARBON DEPOSIT MOTOR FUELS TYPE GAS OIL OR BIOGAZOILYa

ADDITIVE FOR INCREASE CONDENSATE RESISTANCE TO OXIDATION AND/OR STABILITY AT STORAGE MOTOR FUEL OR LIQUID CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS FUEL

ADDITIVES IMPROVING THE WEAR RESISTANCE AND TO THE FUEL LACQUERING OF THE GAS OIL TYPE OR BIOGAZOLE

La présente invention concerne de nouveaux additifs anti-usure pour carburants de type gazole ou biogazole ayant une teneur en soufre inférieure ou égale à 500 ppm massiques. Ces nouveaux additifs améliorent également la résistance au lacquering des carburants de type gazole ou biogazole de qualité supérieure ayant une teneur en soufre inférieure ou égale à 500 ppm massiques.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOMETHANE FROM A BIOGAS STREAM COMPRISING A SOLIDIFICATION OF IMPURITIES

FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION

Provided is a fuel additive composition comprising 10 to 50 parts by weight of a silicate, 5 to 50 parts by weight of a metal hydroxide, 10 to 50 parts by weight of a boron oxide, 1 to 30 parts by weight of an organic polyvalent alcohol, 1 to 30 parts by weight of an organic acid, 2 to 30 parts by weight of a nitric acid compound and 1 to 30 parts by weight of a boron oxide solution. The fuel additive composition has improved combustion efficiency by inducing complete combustion, thereby extending the lifespan of a boiler and reducing fuel and maintenance costs. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018 ...

변형 알킬-페놀-알데히드 수지, 저온 조건에서 액체 탄화수소 연료의 특성을 향상시키는 첨가제로서 그의 용도

... 본 발명은 특히 제트 연료, 가스 오일, 가정용 연료 오일, 중 연료 오일과 같은 모터 연료 및 탄화수소 연료의 흐름 특성을 향상시키기 위한 이들의 이용 뿐 아니라 바람직하게 적어도 하나의 1차 아민 타입 그룹을 가지는 하나 이상의 알킬 아민을 포함하는 새로운 변형 알킬페놀-알데히드 수지에 관한 것이다.

연료용 첨가제로서의 베타인 화합물

... 연료용 첨가제로서의, 특히 디젤 연료용 세제 첨가제로서의, 화학식 R1-CO-NH-X-N(R2R3)2+-Y-COO- (식 중, R1 은 5 내지 21 개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 선형 또는 분지형 알킬 또는 알케닐 라디칼을 나타내고, R2 및 R3 은 각각 독립적으로 C1- 내지 C4-알킬 라디칼을 나타내고, X 는 1 내지 12 개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 탄화수소 가교 요소를 나타내고, Y 는 선형 또는 분지형 C1- 내지 C4-알킬렌 기를 나타냄) 의 베타인 화합물의 용도.

composition of aviation fuel unleaded

MITIGATION OF HARMFUL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS USING SORBENT CONTAINING FUEL FEEDSTOCKS

Use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilisers

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R1is a hydrocarbyl radical and R2, R3, R4and R5are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R2to R5may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Composition and method for reducing hydrate agglomeration

Disclosed and claimed is a composition and method of inhibiting the formation of hydrate agglomerates in a fluid comprising water, gas, and optionally liquid hydrocarbon. The composition comprises the following formula and the method comprises adding to the fluid an effective anti-agglomerant amount of any of the following formula and optionally salts thereof. R1, R2, and R3are each independently CnH2n+1or benzyl. R4is C4-C20alkyl or alkenyl. n is an integer from 0 to 10. X− is a counterion.

USE OF A WAX ANTI-SETTLING ADDITIVE IN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Use of a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), in an automotive fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced or of a vehicle powered by such an engine.

A FORMULATION FOR ENHANCING LUBRICITY OF FUELS

The present disclosure relates to a formulation of diesel additive comprising 2-ethylhexanoic acid, at least one alkylene glycol and at least one alkanolamine which at specific weight ratios, is able to enhance the lubricity of a fuel. Also provided are the methods of preparation and usage of the same. It further relates to the fuel composition comprising the fuel, and the formulation of present disclosure, and the method of preparing the fuel composition. 1. A lubricity additive formulation for enhancing lubricity of a fuel , the formulation comprising:(a) 2-ethylhexanoic acid;(b) at least one alkylene glycol; and(c) at least one alkanolamine.2. The lubricity additive formulation as claimed in claim 1 , wherein 2-ethylhexanoic acid to the at least one alkylene glycol weight ratio is in the range of 1:0.03-1:0.4.3. The lubricity additive formulation as claimed in claim 1 , wherein 2-ethylhexanoic acid to the at least one alkanolamine weight ratio is in the range of 1:0.06-1:0.4.4. The lubricity additive formulation as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one alkylene glycol has ‘n’ carbon atoms claim 1 , wherein ‘n’ is an integer in the range of 2-10.5. The lubricity additive formulation as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one alkanolamine has ‘m’ carbon atoms claim 1 , wherein ‘m’ is an integer in the range of 1-10.6. The lubricity additive formulation as claimed in claim 1 , comprising:(a) 2-ethylhexanoic acid having weight percentage in the range of 50-90% with respect to the formulation;(b) at least one alkylene glycol having weight percentage in the range of 3-20% with respect to the formulation; and(c) at least one alkanolamine having weight percentage in the range of 5-20% with respect to the formulation.7. A process for preparation of lubricity additive formulation as claimed in claim 1 , comprising: (a) contacting 2-ethylhexanoic acid claim 1 , and at least one alkanolamine to obtain mixture-1; and (b) contacting the mixture-1 claim 1 , and at ...

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 98 wt %, less than 2 wt % of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than 58° C. is provided.

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

Изобретение описывает композицию неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет МОЧ по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше чем 0,05 мас.%, температуру T10 самое большее 75ºC, T40 - по меньшей мере 75ºC, T50 - самое большее 105ºC, T90 - самое большее 135ºC, температуру конца кипения – меньше чем 190°C, уточненную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа и температуру замерзания ниже чем -58°C. Технический результат заключается в получении высокооктановой композиции авиационного топлива с улучшенными характеристиками, которое отвечает стандарту для авиационных топлив ASTM D910. 11 з.п. ф-лы, 12 пр., 3 табл.

СПОСОБ ОЦЕНКИ УГЛЯ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОКСА

Изобретение относится к коксохимии и металлургии и может быть использовано при получении высококачественного кокса из неспекающихся или слабоспекающихся углей. Неспекающийся или слабоспекающийся уголь оценивают как пригодный в качестве сырья для получения кокса, если он не снижает в значительной степени прочность кокса и имеет максимальную текучесть MF по Гизелеру больше, чем максимальная текучесть MF по Гизелеру угля, в который не добавляют первичный или вторичный амин, включающий ароматический цикл, представляющий собой N,N'-ди-2-нафтил-p-фенилендиамин, при этом неспекающийся или слабоспекающийся уголь имеет максимальную текучесть MF по Гизелеру 20 ddpm или меньше, перед добавлением амина к углю. Затем осуществляют карбонизацию смеси углей, включающей уголь, оцененный как применимый, для получения кокса. Изобретение позволяет точно определить пригодность неспекающихся или слабоспекающихся углей в качестве сырья для получения кокса. 3 н. и 1 з.п. ф-лы, 8 ил., 6 табл.

ИНГИБИТОРЫ ГАЗОВЫХ ГИДРАТОВ

СПОСОБЫ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С ОТЛОЖЕНИЯМИ НА КЛАПАНАХ В ДВИГАТЕЛЯХ С ИСКРОВЫМ ЗАЖИГАНИЕМ С ПРЯМЫМ ВПРЫСКИВАНИЕМ ТОПЛИВА

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОСОБЫХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ КВАТЕРНИРОВАННЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ АЗОТА В КАЧЕСТВЕ ПРИСАДОК К ТОПЛИВАМ И СМАЗОЧНЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ

ТОПЛИВНЫЕ ПРИСАДКИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЧЕТВЕРТИЧНОГО АММОНИЯ

Изобретение раскрывает топливную присадку, содержащую соль четвертичного аммония, образованную реакцией алкилкарбоксилата с соединением, полученным в результате реакции гидрокарбилзамещенного ацилирующего агента и амина с образованием сукцинимида, причем амин имеет структуру формулы 1, где А представляет собой гидрокарбильный линкер с 2-4 углеродными единицами, причем одна или несколько из них являются независимо замененными атомом кислорода; и Rи Rнезависимо представляют собой алкильные группы, содержащие от 1 до 8 атомов углерода; причем указанный гидрокарбилзамещенный ацилирующий агент выбран из жирной кислоты, алкенилянтарного ангидрида или полиизобутенил-янтарного ангидрида; и причем указанный алкилкарбоксилат представляет собой алкилоксалат, алкилсалицилат или их комбинацию, причем его алкильная группа представляет собой С-Салкил. Также раскрывается топливная композиция, содержащая указанную соль четвертичного аммония формулы (2) и способ эксплуатации двигателя с инжекцией топлива ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

... 1. Композиция неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет МОЧ, по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше, чем 0,05 масс.%, температуру Т10 самое большее 75°С, Т40 - по меньшей мере 75°С, Т50 - самое большее 105°С, Т90 - самое большее 135°С, температуру конца кипения - меньше, чем 190°С, уточненную теплоту сгорания, по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа, включающая смесь, содержащую:от 5 об.% до 20 об.% толуола, имеющего МОЧ, по меньшей мере 107;от 2 об.% до 10 об.% анилина;от 35 об.% до 65 об.%, по меньшей мере одного алкилата или смеси алкилатов, имеющей температуру начала кипения в диапазоне от 32°С до 60°С и температуру конца кипения в диапазоне от 105°С до 140°С, имеющей Т40 меньше, чем 99°С, Т50 меньше, чем 100°С, Т90 меньше, чем 110°С; причем алкилат или смесь алкилатов содержит изопарафины, имеющие от 4 до 9 атомов углерода, 3-20 об.% С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об.% С7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об.% С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ДИСПЕРГИРУЮЩИХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ С НИЗКИМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ СЕРЫ

... 1. Способ получения привитых сополимеров полиалкил(мет)акрилата (А), содержащих полимерный скелет, содержащий следующие мономерные звенья (А1)-(А4):(А1) от 0 мас. % до 40 мас. % одного или более этиленненасыщенных сложноэфирных соединений формулы (I)где R представляет собой Н или СН,Rпредставляет собой линейную или разветвленную, насыщенную или ненасыщенную алкильную группу с 1-5 атомами углерода или циклоалкильную группу с 3-5 атомами углерода,Rи Rнезависимо представляют собой Н или группу формулы -COOR′, где R′ представляет собой Н или линейную или разветвленную, насыщенную или ненасыщенную алкильную группу с 1-5 атомами углерода или циклоалкильную группу с 3-5 атомами углерода,(А2) от 20 мас. % до 93,5 мас. % одного или более этиленненасыщенных сложноэфирных соединений формулы (II)где R представляет собой Н или СН,Rпредставляет собой линейную или разветвленную, насыщенную или ненасыщенную алкильную группу с 6-15 атомами углерода,Rи Rнезависимо представляют собой Н или группу формулы ...

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions (AVGAS) having a MON of at least 99.6, a high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 °C is provided. The fuel comprises a blend of toluene, aniline, alkylate or alkylate blend, branched alkyl acetate and isopentane in certain proportions, and less than 1 vol% C8 aromatics.

Method for inhibiting the plugging of conduits by gas hydrates

Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Synergistic mixture

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

FUEL MODIFIERS FOR NATURAL GAS RECIPROCATING ENGINES

Described herein are fuel modifiers for natural gas reciprocating engines, while recognizing the application of the inventions herein may be applied more broadly, to other natural gas-based engine systems. The fuel modifiers are primarily free-radical initiators, and the presence of this fuel modifier allows the engine operator to operate the engine under leaner conditions because, while employing the same ignition energy, more free-radicals are formed, thus overcoming the problems associated with dilution of the pool of free-radicals in the flame. 1. A modified fuel , comprising a base fuel and a fuel modifier selected from the group consisting of azo compounds , dialkylsulfides , alkyl sulfones , nitroalkyls , peroxygens , and hydrocarbons which contain symmetrically substituted carbon-carbon bonds where that bond is relatively weak.2. The modified fuel of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel is natural gas.3. The modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds having a molecular weight of between 80 and 500 g/mol claim 2 , and a decomposition temperature between 80 and 300° C.5. The modified fuel of claim 4 , wherein the fuel modifier is azobisisobutylnitrile.7. The modified fuel of claim 6 , wherein the fuel modifier is dismethylsulfide.9. The modified fuel of claim 8 , wherein the fuel modifier is dismethylsulfone.11. The modified fuel of claim 10 , wherein the fuel modifier is nitromethane.13. The modified fuel of claim 12 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group consisting of linear and branched C-Calkyl peroxides.14. The modified fuel of claim 13 , wherein the fuel modifier is di-tert-butyl peroxide.15. The modified fuel of claim 13 , wherein the fuel modifier is dimethoxymethane.16. The modified fuel of claim 2 , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from the group represented by the formula below:{'br': None, 'sub': 13', '14', '12', '14', '12', '13, 'R—C(R, R)—C(R, R, R)'}{'sub': 12', '13 ...

Formulation of a new diesel fuel suitable for diesel engines

The new fuel conceived for diesel engines is formulated using one part of standard diesel fuel and two groups of components with different characteristic rating. The first group is composed by reformulated chemicals, while the second group in made by a blend of vegetal oils properly balanced. The fuel obtained with this formulation has a better thermodynamic performance and allows an appreciable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and particulate matter (PT) output which are, respectively, approximately 50% and 60% lower

Slurry suspension comprising torrefied wood particles

A slurry suspension is provided, which comprises (a) carbonaceous material particles having an average diameter D 50 comprised between 0.1 μm and 200 μm; (b) an organic compound comprising at least one amine group; and (c) an organic phase.

Fuel-Soluble Synergistic Cleaning Mixture for High Pressure Gasoline Engines

The present disclosure relates to methods and fuel compositions for reducing fuel injector deposits in gasoline engines operated at high fuel pressures. The fuel compositions include hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range and a synergistic fuel injector cleaning mixture. 2. The method of reducing fuel injector deposits in a gasoline engine according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the additive of Formula I to the additive of Formula II is about 1:8 to about 8:1.3. The method of reducing fuel injector deposits in a gasoline engine according to claim 2 , wherein the fuel composition includes about 1.5 to about 100 ppmw of the additive of Formula I and about 3 to about 800 ppmw of the additive of Formula II.4. The method of reducing fuel injector deposits in a gasoline engine according to claim 2 , wherein the fuel composition includes no more than about 600 ppmw of the fuel injector cleaning mixture.5. The method of reducing fuel injector deposits in a gasoline engine according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition further includes about 45 to about 1000 ppmw of a separate intake valve deposit (IVD) control additive selected from a Mannich detergent claim 1 , polyetheramine detergent claim 1 , hydrocarbyl amine detergent claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The method of reducing fuel injector deposits in a gasoline engine according to claim 5 , wherein the fuel composition further includes at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants claim 5 , carrier fluids claim 5 , metal deactivators claim 5 , dyes claim 5 , markers claim 5 , corrosion inhibitors claim 5 , biocides claim 5 , antistatic additives claim 5 , drag reducing agents claim 5 , demulsifiers claim 5 , emulsifiers claim 5 , dehazers claim 5 , anti-icing additives claim 5 , antiknock additives claim 5 , anti-valve-seat recession additives claim 5 , lubricity additives claim 5 , surfactants and combustion improvers.7. The method of reducing fuel injector deposits in a ...

Additive compositions for improving the lacquering resistance of higher grade fuels of the diesel or biodiesel type

Disclosed are additive compositions for superior quality diesel and biodiesel fuels for improving the lacquering resistance of fuels, in particular those intended for engines provided with Euro 4 to Euro 6 fuel injection systems. The additive compositions include at least one antioxidant of hindered phenol type and at least one metal passivator.

Evaluating method for coal and producing method for coke (as amended)

A method for accurately measuring the thermoplasticity of a coal whose thermoplasticity has been difficult to evaluate and determining whether the coal that is to be measured does not significantly reduce the coke strength when used for a coal blend is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for evaluating a coal used as a raw material for coke and includes using a physical property value relating to a thermoplasticity of a coal as an index for evaluating the coal, wherein a primary or secondary amine including an aromatic ring have been added to the coal, thereby enhancing the thermoplasticity of the coal.

Gasoline composition, method and use

A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R 2 and R 3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R 4 is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 36 alkyl group.

QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 1. A fuel composition comprising , in a majority of a customary fuel , a proportion of at least one reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , or a fraction thereof which comprises a quaternized nitrogen compound and is obtained from the reaction product by purification , said reaction product being obtained bya. reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with a compound comprising at least one nitrogen group capable of an addition reaction with the polycarboxylic acid, and comprising at least one quaternizable amino group, to obtain a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound, and 'wherein said compound comprising said at least one nitrogen group capable of an addition reaction is a N-alkyl-substituted analog of a straight-chain polyamine.', 'b. subsequent reaction thereof with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said quaternizing agent being the alkyl ester of a cycloaromatic or cycloaliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid, especially of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, or of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, especially dicarboxylic ...

USE OF A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID FOR IMPROVING OR BOOSTING THE SEPARATION OF WATER FROM FUEL OILS AND GASOLINE FUELS

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents. 1. A method of improving separation of water from a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel , the method comprising:contacting (A) a polyisobutenylsuccinic acid having a polyisobutenyl substituent comprising 32 to 100 carbon atoms with a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel comprising(B) at least one nitrogen compound quaternized in the presence of an acid or in an acid-free manner, obtained by addition of a compound comprising at least one oxygen- or nitrogen-containing group reactive with an anhydride and additionally at least one quaternizable amino group onto a polycarboxylic anhydride compound and subsequent quaternization, as an additive with a detergent action, and(C) as an additive component, an alkoxylation copolymer comprising at least one alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, and other oxides, as a dehazer.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide ethylene oxide.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide propylene oxide.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide butylene oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide styrene oxide.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide an epoxy based resin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil further comprises as an additive component (D) at least one cetane number improver.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil consists of:(a) 0.1 to 100% by weight of at least one biofuel oil based on one or more fatty acid esters, and(b) 0 to 99.9% by weight of one or more middle distillates of fossil origin and/or ...

Quaternary Ammonium Amide And/Or Ester Salts

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

LUBRICITY ADDITIVES FOR FUELS

Fuel additive compositions that include synergistic mixtures of one or more neutral lubricity additives and one or more monoacidic lubricity additives to provide wear and/or friction reduction in fuels. 1. A gasoline additive providing lubricity , the gasoline additive comprising a lubricity additive mixture of (i) at least one neutral lubricity additive prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with ammonia and (ii) at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof , the linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof being saturated , unsaturated , or including mixtures thereof.2. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of (i) the at least one neutral lubricity additive divided by (ii) the at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof is about 0.2 to about 30.3. The gasoline additive of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio is about 2 to about 30.4. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the polycarboxylic acid compound is a linear or branched C6 to C36 group.5. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid is a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or an anhydride thereof.6. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein the at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof includes a linear carbon chain having 6 to 24 carbon atoms.7. The gasoline additive of claim 6 , wherein the at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid claim 6 , tridecanoic acid claim 6 , myristic acid claim 6 , pentadecanoic acid claim 6 , palmitic acid claim 6 , margaric acid claim 6 , stearic acid claim 6 , arachidic acid claim 6 , behenic acid claim 6 , oleic acid claim 6 , erucic acid claim 6 , palmitoleic acid claim 6 , myristoleic acid claim 6 , linoleic acid claim 6 , linolenic acid claim 6 , elaeosteric acid claim 6 , arachidonic acid claim 6 , coconut oil fatty acid claim 6 , ...

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES COMPRISING ESTER DERIVATIVES OF 5-METHYL-2-FUROIC ACID

Ester derivatives of furoic acids and in particular of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid can be used as fuel as fuel additives. Such esters can be used to displace crude oil products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, etc. As fuel additives, such esters had been shown to improve the performance of spark ignition internal combustion engines, compression ignition internal combustion engines. In addition, testing shows indications that said molecule will improve the performance of air breathing engines as well. 1. A liquid fuel composition comprising of a major proportion of hydrocarbon liquid fuel base and a minor proportion of at least one molecule of formula I where R is hydrogen , alkyl , or aromatic , with between 1 to 10 carbon atoms , or combination of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen and R[sub]1 comprises alkyl or aromatic , with between 1 to 18 carbon atoms , or a combination of carbon , hydrogen , nitrogen , and oxygen.2. A liquid fuel composition as in claim 1 , wherein the at least one molecule of formula I comprises one or more of: an ester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid claim 1 , an amide of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid claim 1 , and a thioester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid claim 1 , from a precursor consisting of 5-methyl-furaldehyde with one hydrogen of the 5-methyl group replaced with one of chloride claim 1 , fluoride claim 1 , bromide claim 1 , iodide claim 1 , p-toluenesulfonate claim 1 , methanesulfonate claim 1 , trifluoroacetate claim 1 , phenoxy claim 1 , hydroxy claim 1 , or ammonium.3. A liquid fuel composition as in claim 1 , wherein R is a methyl.4. A liquid fuel composition as in further comprising jet fuel.5. A liquid fuel composition as in claim 4 , wherein jet fuel comprises between 0.01% and 1% by volume of the composition.6. A liquid fuel composition as in claim 4 , wherein molecules of Formula I comprise up to 20% by volume of the composition.7. A liquid fuel composition as in further comprising gasoline.8. A liquid fuel composition as in claim 7 , wherein ...

Use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilisers

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R 2 to R 5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Fuel Compositions

A fuel composition for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon. The additive increases the octane number of the fuel, thereby improving the auto-ignition characteristics of the fuel.

UNLEADED GASOLINE FORMULATIONS FOR PISTON ENGINES

Disclosed herein are fuel formulations comprising C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons and cumidine. In embodiments, the formulations further include a limited amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. In other embodiments, the aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkylates, and in still other embodiment the alkylates are alkanes. These fuel formulations provide unique and advantageous physical properties suitable for piston engines. 1. A piston engine fuel formulation comprising:{'sub': 4', '12, 'about 80 to about 99 wt % C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons;'}about 1 to about 20 wt % cumidine; and{'sub': 6', '12, 'less than about 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons,'}said fuel formulation being substantially free of lead-containing constituents.2. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.3. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '12, 'about 80 to about 99 wt % C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons; and'}about 1 to about 20 wt % cumidine.4. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '12, 'about 85 to about 95 wt % C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons; and'}about 5 to about 15 wt % cumidine.5. The fuel formulation of comprising a MON of at least about 100 and an RVP of 38 to 49 kPa at 37.8° C.6. The piston engine fuel formulation of comprising:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 80 to about 99 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 1 to about 20 wt % cumidine; and{'sub': 6', '12, 'less than about 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.'}7. The piston engine fuel formulation of comprising:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 80 to about 99 wt % C-Calkanes;'}about 1 to about 20 wt % cumidine; and{'sub': 6', '12, 'less than about 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.'}8. The fuel formulation of comprising:about 80 to about 99 wt % isobutane, isopentane and/or isooctane and about 1 to about 20 wt % cumidine.9. The fuel formulation of in which said cumidine is 4-isopropylaniline.10. The fuel formulation of comprising about 85 to about 95 wt % of isobutane claim 9 , isopentane and/or isooctane and about 5 to ...

AVIATION FUEL WITH A RENEWABLE OXYGENATE

Described are preferred compositions for a motor fuel. Such motor fuels may be particularly well suited for use in the motor of an aircraft. In particular, compositions of the present disclosure may comprise 50-75 wt % isooctane/alkylates, 20-40 wt % ETBE, 0-3 wt % isobutane, and 0-5 wt % aromatics. The present disclosure describes a full spectrum of unleaded fuels with various motor octane (MON) values. 1. A piston engine fuel formulation comprising:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 50 to about 75 wt % C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;optionally up to about 3 wt % isobutane;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to about 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}optionally up to about 250 ppm ferrocene,said fuel formulation being free of lead-containing constituents.2. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.3. The fuel formulation of and further comprising cumidine in an amount up to 5 wt %.4. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.5. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 52 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}ferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.6. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 57 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %; andferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.8. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.9. The fuel formulation of consisting of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.11. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 wt % isooctane;about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; ...

USE OF COLD FLOW IMPROVER COMPOSITIONS FOR FUELS, BLENDS THEREOF WITH BIOFUELS AND FORMULATIONS THEREOF

The present invention relates to the use of polyalkyl(meth)acrylates as an additive to fuels, especially middle distillate fuels and blends thereof. The present invention further relates to the use of a composition comprising polyalkyl(meth)acrylates as dispersing species susceptible to disperse waxes and sludgy material at low temperatures and a hydrocarbon solvent/an oil for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oil and fuel oil compositions. The present invention further relates to the use of these compositions as an additive to fuels, especially in the function of paraffin dispersant, to such fuels themselves and to fuel additive concentrates which comprise this composition dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent or an oil. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate has a number average molecular weight Mof from 2500 to 100000.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate has a number average molecular weight Mof from 4000 to 20000.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polydispersity M/Mof the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate is from 1 to 8.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polydispersity M/Mof the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate is from 1.3 to 2.5.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is a positive amount of the vinyl aromatic monomer (d) which is selected from the group consisting of styrene and substituted styrene.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the N-dispersant monomer of component (e) is selected from the group consisting of vinyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomers claim 1 , N-vinyl-substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomers claim 1 , dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate claim 1 , dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate monomers claim 1 , methacrylamide monomers claim 1 , N-tertiary alkyl acrylamides and corresponding methacrylamides claim 1 , vinyl substituted amines and N-vinyl lactams.10. A method for improving the cold flow properties of a fuel oil composition claim 1 , the ...

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION FUEL

Unleaded aviation gasoline. An unleaded aviation gasoline includes a blend of high octane alkylate, an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes, and selected aromatic amines sufficient to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Selected aromatic amines, such as N-methyl-p-toluidine, are used to increase performance. The high octane alkylate may be an aviation alkylate, or iso-octane, or both, and may utilize high octane alkylates having a motor octane number of between about ninety-seven (97) and about one hundred (100). Suitable amounts of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane may be used for providing vapor pressure in a commercially acceptable range. 1. A high octane unleaded aviation gasoline composition , comprising:(a) about forty-five percent (45%) to about sixty-five percent (65%) by weight of high octane alkylate having a motor octane number of between ninety-five (95) and one hundred (100);(b) about ten percent (10%) to about thirty-five percent (35%) by weight of one or more alkalyated benzenes;(c) about six percent (6%) to about twelve percent (12%) by weight, collectively, of a selected composition of one or more of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane, wherein the constituent(s) of said selected composition are sufficient that said high octane unleaded aviation gasoline composition has a vapor pressure of between 38 kPa and 49 kPa (between 5.51 pounds per square inch and 7.11 pounds per square inch); and(d) about four percent (4%) to about fifteen percent (15%) by weight aromatic amine(s), said aromatic amine(s) comprising N-methyl-p-toluidine.2. A high octane unleaded aviation gasoline as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said aromatic amine(s) further comprise N-methyl-m- ...

ADDITIVE FOR IMPROVING THE OXIDATION AND/OR STORAGE STABILITY OF MOTOR FUELDS OR LIQUID HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING FUELS

The present disclosure relates to the use of at least one modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin as additive for improving the oxidation and/or storage stability of a motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition. The modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin can be obtained by Mannich reaction of an alkylphenol-aldehyde condensation resin 2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising improving the storage stability of the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition at a temperature less than 0° C.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising reducing the quantity of deposits formed during storage of the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin is used as an additive in a form diluted in a solvent.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin is used in the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition in combination with one or more additional additives.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the additional additives are selected from dispersants/detergents claim 5 , carrier oils claim 5 , metal deactivators claim 5 , metallic passivators claim 5 , antioxidants claim 5 , dyes claim 5 , antistatic additives claim 5 , corrosion inhibitors claim 5 , biocides claim 5 , markers claim 5 , thermal stabilizers claim 5 , emulsifiers claim 5 , friction reducing agents claim 5 , surfactants claim 5 , cetane improvers claim 5 , anti-clouding agents claim 5 , additives improving the conductivity claim 5 , reodorants claim 5 , lubricity additives claim 5 , lubricants and mixtures thereof.7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adding an amount of modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin comprised between 5 and 5000 ppmw claim 1 , to the motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the motor fuel or liquid ...

Low sulfur biodiesel composition and method of making

The invention provides fatty acid methyl ester fuel compositions and methods of making same.

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT OF A POLYALKENE-SUBSTITUTED AMINE COMPOUND

A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits. 1. A composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt which comprises the reaction product of:a. polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; andb. quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfates; alkyl halides; hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; hydrocarbyl epoxides in combination with an acid; and mixtures thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyalkene-substituted amine has a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 3000.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyalkene substituent of the polyalkene-substituted amine is derived from a polyisobutylene.5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a fuel which is liquid at room temperature.6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a fluidizer.7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity.8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising component selected from the group consisting of metal deactivators claim 1 , detergents other than those of claim 1 , dispersants claim 1 , viscosity modifiers claim 1 , friction modifiers claim 1 , dispersant viscosity modifiers claim 1 , extreme pressure agents claim 1 , antiwear agents claim 1 , antioxidants claim 1 , corrosion inhibitors claim 1 , foam inhibitors claim 1 , demulsifiers claim 1 , pour point depressants claim 1 , seal swelling agents claim 1 , wax control polymers claim 1 , scale inhibitors claim 1 , gas-hydrate ...

PROCESS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MERCURY FROM COAL-FIRED BOILERS

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury. 1) A method of forming a treated combustion feed material comprising:providing a combustion feed material comprising coal; andcontacting the feed material with an additive to form a treated combustion feed material, wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted and a halogen containing material that forms a gas-phase halogen when combusted.2) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a Psize ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).3) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and an amide and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate claim 1 , the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , a porous metal silicate material claim 1 , a clay claim 1 , an activated carbon claim 1 , char claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , flyash claim 1 , a metal claim 1 , and a metal oxide.4) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises urea.5) The method of claim 1 , wherein a halogen in the halogen-containing material is one or more of iodine and bromine.6) The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material is encapsulated with a coating comprising one or more of a silane claim 1 , siloxane claim 1 , organosilanes claim 1 , amorphous silia to impede thermal degradation and/or decomposition of the nitrogenous material.7) The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the additive with the remainder being the coal and wherein the treated combustion feed material comprises a mass ratio of nitrogen: ...

Low Ash Lubricant and Fuel Additive Comprising Alkoxylated Amine

A lubricating oil detergent composition comprises an overbased calcium sulfonate and a low ash detergent, which low ash detergent is metal free and comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound such as an alkylated salicylic acid, a boron compound and an amine component.

ASSOCIATIVE POLYMERS FOR USE IN A FLOW AND RELATED COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions that can be used when the non-polar composition is in a flow, and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone with a longest span having a molecular weight that remains substantially unchanged under the flow conditions and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms. 2. The framing associative polymer of claim 1 , having a weight-average molecular weight equal to or lower than about 2 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.3. The framing associative polymer of claim 1 , having a weight-average molecular weight 400 claim 1 ,000 Подробнее

Use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilisers

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R 2 to R 5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

AMINO AND IMINO PROPIONIC ACIDS, PROCESS OF PREPARATION AND USE

N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel. 3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the compound of formula I is selected from the group consisting of hexylamine claim 2 , heptylamine claim 2 , octylamine claim 2 , nonylamine claim 2 , decylamine claim 2 , undecylamine claim 2 , dodecylamine claim 2 , tridecylamine claim 2 , tetradecylamine claim 2 , pentadecylamine claim 2 , hexadecylamine claim 2 , heptadecylamine claim 2 , octadecylamine claim 2 , a linear or branched alkenyl amine selected from the group consisting of oleylamine claim 2 , linoleylamine claim 2 , eurocylamine claim 2 , behenylamine and taloylamine claim 2 , a cycloalkyl amine and an aromatic amine.4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the compound of formula I is oleylamine.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the compound of formula II is an alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.6. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the compound II is acrylic acid.7. The process ...

QUATERNIZED AMMONIUM SALTS OF HYDROCARBYL EPOXIDES AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized ammonium salts of hydrocarbyl epoxides, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel additive and lubricant additive, such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines. 1. A reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , obtained by a process comprising:{'sub': 'n', 'reacting i) at least one hydrocarbyl epoxide, which is a polyalkylene epoxide that is obtained by epoxidizing a polyalkylene, having a number-average molecular weight (M) of 85 to 20,000;'} {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, 'RRRN \u2003\u2003(II)'}, 'with ii) at least one tertiary amine of formula II{'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'wherein R, Rand Rare each independently a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl radical, or two of R, Rand Rtogether with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered, saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic ring which may optionally bear at least one further ring heteroatom selected from O, S or N;'} {'br': None, 'sup': +', '−, 'HA\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'in the presence of iii) at least one acid of formula III{'sup': '−', 'sub': 1', '4, 'in which A is the anion of at least one of an inorganic acid and an organic acid selected from the group consisting of C-Cmonocarboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, ...

Polyimide Dispersants and Methods of Making and Using Thereof

Provided herein are polyimide dispersants, as well as methods for producing polyimide dispersants. The polyimides can be defined by the formula below 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Y is claim 1 , individually for each occurrence claim 1 , chosen from alkylene claim 1 , heteroalkylene claim 1 , cycloalkylene claim 1 , heterocycloalkylene claim 1 , arylene claim 1 , heteroarylene claim 1 , alkylarylene claim 1 , alkylheteroarylene claim 1 , polyalkyleneoxy claim 1 , or polyalkenylamino.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Y claim 1 , individually for each occurrence claim 1 , comprises from 2 to 30 carbon atoms.4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein B comprises an aryl group.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the first cyclic imide group comprises a five-membered cyclic imide ring and a second cyclic imide group comprises a five-membered cyclic imide ring.7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the first cyclic imide group comprises a six-membered cyclic imide ring and a second cyclic imide group comprises a six-membered cyclic imide ring.9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein n is an integer from 1-6.10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R is a hydrophobic moiety.11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R is chosen from a polyolefin group claim 1 , a polyetheramine group; a polyalkenylamine group; a polyalkyleneoxy group claim 1 , or a combination thereof.12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R comprises a polyolefin group terminated by an initiator residue.13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R comprises a polyisobutylene group terminated by an initiator residue.14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is absent.15. The compound of claim 14 , where the compound is defined by Formula IA below{'br': None, 'sup': x', 'a', 'a', 'x, 'sub': 'n', 'R—R—Y-\ue8a0A-Y\ue8a0—R—R\u2003\u2003Formula IA'} A and n are as defined above with respect to Formula I,', {'sup': 'x', 'Ris an initiator residue; and'}, {'sup': 'a', 'Ris a polyolefin group;'}], 'wherein'}17. The compound of ...

Multifunctional composition base 1,3-oxazinan-6-ones with corrosion inhibition and heavy organic compounds inhibition and dispersants and obtaining process

Base compounds including 1,3-oxazinan-6-one derivatives of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl propionic acids and paraformaldehyde, and their application as corrosion inhibitors with multifunctional properties serving as inhibitory/dispersant of asphaltene in production processes, transportation, refining and storage of crude oil and derivatives. The corrosion inhibitor with inhibitory/dispersant of asphaltenes properties comprises an active substance base of 1,3-oxaninan-6-ones and hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, alcohols, aliphatic branched and unbranched alcohols containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as isopropanol, butanol and pentanol, and mixtures of hydrocarbon solvents with aliphatic branched or unbranched liquid fuels. In addition, a process for obtaining 1,3-oxazinan-6-ones derivatives of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl propionic acids and paraformaldehyde is described. 2. The synthesis process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of amine alkyl or alkenyl or aromatic carboxylic acid with respect to alpha-beta unsaturated may vary is in the range of 1:5 to 5:1 claim 1 , preferably in the range of 1:1 to 2:1 in the absence of solvents.3. The synthesis process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction time varies in the range of 1 to 24 hours.4. The synthesis process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature varies in the range of 80 to 200° C.5. The synthesis process of claim 1 , wherein the compound I is an alkyl or alkenyl amine or aromatic or cycloalkyl claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of hexylamine claim 1 , heptylamine claim 1 , octylamine claim 1 , nonylamine claim 1 , decylamine claim 1 , undecylamine claim 1 , dodecylamine claim 1 , tridecylamine claim 1 , tetradecylamine claim 1 , pentadecylamine claim 1 , hexadecylamine claim 1 , heptadecylamine claim 1 , octadecylamine claim 1 , oleylamine claim 1 , linoleylamine ...

Branched amine containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to branched amine containing quaternary ammonium salts, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel and oil compositions.

Infrared Aided Fuel Emulsion

This invention relates to a system and a method for generating emulsified fuels for improved fuel efficiency of combustion devices with reduced specific fuel consumption rate and emissions, comprising at least a continuous phase fuel, a dispersed phase component, and an infrared radiation source whose infrared radiation spans at least a portion of 3-16 micrometers wavelength spectrum. In said system the continuous phase fuel and/or dispersed phase component are exposed to said infrared before or during emulsification. The continuous phase fuel may be selected from fossil fuels, biofuels, alcohol fuels, vegetable oils, or any combustible liquid fuels, while the dispersed phase component may be oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, propane, butane, any petroleum gas, hydrogen peroxide, or water. The emulsified fuels can be used in combustion devices such as internal combustion engines, boilers, burners, or gas turbines. 113-. (canceled)14. A system for generating emulsified fuel to be burned in a combustion device , comprising:a mixing chamber including first and second inlets and an outlet; a continuous phase fuel supply in fluid communication with the first inlet; a dispersed phase component supply in fluid communication with the second inlet; an injector disposed between the dispersed phase component supply and the second inlet; and an infrared radiation source disposed upstream of the outlet, said source emitting infrared that spans at least a portion of 3-16 micrometers wavelength spectrum.15. A system according to wherein said infrared radiation source is disposed upstream of the mixing chamber.16. A system according to wherein said continuous phase fuel is fossil fuel claim 14 , biofuel claim 14 , alcohol fuel claim 14 , or vegetable oil.17. A system according to wherein said dispersed phase component is natural gas claim 14 , oxygen claim 14 , hydrogen claim 14 , nitrogen claim 14 , or carbon monoxide.18. A system according to wherein said ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOMETHANE FROM A BIOGAS STREAM, COMPRISING SOLIDIFICATION OF THE IMPURITIES

Process for producing biomethane from a biogas stream including methane, carbon dioxide and at least one impurity chosen from ammonia, volatile organic compounds, water, sulfur-based impurities (HS) and siloxanes. A biogas stream is dried, the at least one impurity is at least partially removed by solidification and removal of the impurity. The methane and the carbon dioxide contained in the biogas obtained from the second step are separated so as to produce a biomethane stream and a COstream. 1. A process for producing biomethane from a biogas stream comprising methane , carbon dioxide and at least one impurity chosen from ammonia , volatile organic compounds , water , sulfur-based impurities (HS) and siloxanes , said process comprising the steps of:drying the biogas stream;at least partially removing said at least one impurity contained in the dried biogas stream by solidification and removal of the solidified at least one impurity to yield at least partially purified biogas; and{'sub': '2', 'separating the methane and the carbon dioxide contained in the at least partially purified biogas so as to produce a biomethane stream and a COstream.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second step of at least partially removing said at least one of the at least one impurity comprises:compressing the dried biogas stream to a pressure of greater than 5 bar, preferably 10 bar;cooling the compressed biogas stream to a temperature below −70° C., thereby solidifying said at least one impurity resulting in deposition of the solidified at least one impurity; andremoval of said solidified at least one impurity from the cooled compressed biogas stream.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the compressed biogas stream is cooled with a cooling stream of COproduced during said step of separating.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein in said step of cooling claim 2 , said at least one impurity is removed by sublimation of said at least one impurity and by flushing with a gaseous ...

COUPLED QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to coupled quaternary ammonium salts, and the use of such coupled quaternary ammonium salts in fuel and oil compositions, or demulsification and/or engine performance of the compositions. 1. A composition comprising a coupled amine containing quaternary ammonium salt (“coupled amine quat”) , wherein the coupled amine quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent of the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 100 to 5000, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent capable of coupling more than one quaternizable compound of (a).2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The composition of any previous claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the quaternizable compound of a) to the quaternizing agent of b) is from about 2:1 to about 1:1.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one polyepoxides claim 1 , polyhalides claim 1 , epoxy halides claim 1 , aromatic polyesters claim 1 , or mixtures thereof6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises di-epoxides or akyl di-halides.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises 1 claim 1 ,4 butanediol diglycidylether claim 1 , or bisphenol-A-diglycidylether.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.9. The composition of wherein the nitrogen containing compound containing the at least one quaternizable amine group is a polyamine or polyol.10. The composition of wherein the nitrogen containing compound containing the at least one quaternizable amine group is 3 ...

FUEL MODIFIERS FOR NATURAL GAS RECIPROCATING ENGINES

Described herein are fuel modifiers for natural gas reciprocating engines, while recognizing the application of the inventions herein may be applied more broadly, to other natural gas-based engine systems. The fuel modifiers are primarily free-radical initiators, and the presence of this fuel modifier allows the engine operator to operate the engine under leaner conditions because, while employing the same ignition energy, more free-radicals are formed, thus overcoming the problems associated with dilution of the pool of free-radicals in the flame. 1. A method for reducing the ignition energy required for ignition of a natural gas fuel in a natural gas engine , comprising providing a natural gas fuel comprising a natural gas base fuel and a fuel modifier to a natural gas engine , wherein the fuel modifier is selected from azo compounds , dialkylsulfides , alkyl sulfones , nitroalkyls , peroxygens , hydrocarbons which contain symmetrically substituted carbon-carbon bonds where that bond is relatively weak , or a mixture thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel and the fuel modifier are pre-blended or are blended proximal to the engine prior to introduction into the engine claim 1 , or are separately introduced into the engine.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel and the fuel modifier are pre-blended prior to introduction into the engine.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the base fuel and the fuel modifier are blended proximal to the engine prior to introduction into the engine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel and the fuel modifier are separately introduced into the engine.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the fuel modifier comprises azobisisobutylnitrile claim 6 , dimethylsulfide claim 6 , dimethylsulfone claim 6 , nitromethane claim 6 , di-tert-butyl peroxide claim 6 , dimethoxymethane claim 6 , or 2 claim 6 ,3-dimethyl-2 claim 6 ,3-diphenylbutane.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spark or laser ignition energy ...

BETAINE COMPOUNDS AS ADDITIVES FOR FUELS

The use of betaine compounds of the formula R—CO—NH—X—NRR)+—Y—COOwhere Rdenotes a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, Rand Reach independently denote C- to C-alkyl radicals, X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Y denotes a linear or branched C- to C-alkylene group, as additives for fuels, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the additive is adapted to function as a detergent additive for diesel fuels.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the additive is adapted to function as an additive for reducing or avoiding deposits in injection systems of direct injection diesel engines claim 2 , for reducing fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines claim 2 , and/or for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the additive is adapted to function as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) for middle distillate fuels.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the additive is adapted to function as a lubricity improver for fuels.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the additive is adapted to function as an additive for improving the use properties of mineral and synthetic nonaqueous industrial fluids.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein Ris a linear alkyl radical having 9 to 17 carbon atoms.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': 2', '4, 'X is a linear C- to C-alkylene group; and'}{'sup': 2', '3, 'Rand Rare both methyl.'}9. The process of claim 1 , wherein Y is a methylene group.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the betaine compound is a cocoamidopropyl betaine.11. An additive concentrate claim 1 , comprising claim 1 , in combination with at least one further fuel additive claim 1 , at least one betaine compound of formula (I):{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '+', '−, 'sub': '2', 'R—CO—NH—X—N(RR)—Y—COO\u2003\u2003(I),'}wherein:{'sup': '1', 'Ris a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 ...

Liquid fuel compositions

A liquid fuel composition comprising: (a) a gasoline base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; (b) one or more organic UV filter compounds selected from imidazoles, triazines, triazone and triazoles, and mixtures thereof. The liquid fuel composition provides benefits in terms of improved acceleration and/or power output of an internal combustion engine fuelled by said fuel as well as an increase in flame speed.

LIQUID FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Certain UV filter compounds improve the combustion properties of diesel fuel compositions, and in particular modify the ignition delay and/or modify the burn period and/or modify the peak pressure and/or increase the cetane number of the liquid fuel composition. A liquid fuel composition is provided containing: 1. A liquid fuel composition comprising:(a) a diesel base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and(b) in the range of from 10 ppmw to 2 wt %, by weight of the liquid fuel composition, of one or more organic UV filter compounds selected from the group consisting of imidazoles, triazines, triazones, triazoles, and mixtures thereof.2. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the imidazoles are selected from the group consisting of disodium phenyl dibenzylimidazole tetrasulfonate claim 1 , ethyl hexyl dimethoxybenzylidene dioxoimidazoline propionate claim 1 , phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the triazines are selected from phenyl triazines.4. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the phenyl triazines are selected from the group consisting of bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine claim 3 , bis benzoxazoyl phenyl ethylhexyl amino claim 3 , and mixtures thereof.5. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the triazones are selected from the group consisting of diethyl hexyl butamido triazone claim 1 , ethyl hexyl triazone claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.6. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the triazoles are selected from the group consisting of drometrizole claim 1 , ethylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. A method for modifying the ignition delay and/or increasing the cetane number and/or modifying the burn period and/or modifying the peak pressure of a diesel fuel composition claim 1 , which method comprises adding to the diesel fuel composition an amount of an organic UV filter compound selected from imidazoles claim 1 ...

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 210° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than −58° C. is provided. 2. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the total isopentane content in the blend of 8% to 22 vol %.3. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of having a potential gum of less than 6 mg/100 mL.4. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein less than 0.2 vol % of alcohols are present.5. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of further comprising an aviation fuel additive.6. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein having a freezing point of less than −58° C.7. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein no other oxygenates than diethyl carbonate and fuel system icing inhibitor additives are present.8. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the final boiling point of at most 200° C.9. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the alkylate or alkylate blend have a C10+ content of less than 0.1 vol % based on the alkylate or alkylate blend.10. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the combined toluene and diethyl carbonate content is at least 30 vol %.11. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of having water reaction within +/−2 mL as defined in ASTM D1094.12. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of further comprising aniline. This present application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Nos. 61/898,314 filed Oct. 31, 2013, and 61/991,914 filed May 12, 2014, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to high octane unleaded aviation gasoline fuel, in particular to a high octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content.Avgas (aviation gasoline), is an ...

Additive compositions and use thereof for improving the cold properties of fuels and combustibles

The present disclosure relates to additive compositions and their use for improving the low temperature properties of motor fuels and fuels. The additive compositions include at least one modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin and at least one filterability additive chosen from: the terpolymers of C 4 to C 22 alkyl (meth)acrylate, C 20 to C 24 alpha-olefin and maleimide N-substituted by a hydrocarbon chain having between 4 and 30 carbon atoms, the homopolymers of C 1 to C 40 alkyl (meth)acrylate, preferably the C 8 to C 24 alkyl polyacrylates, the ammonium salts of mono- or poly-carboxylic acid comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, having between 4 and 30 carbon atoms. The present disclosure also relates to compositions of motor fuels or liquid hydrocarbon fuels including such compositions.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 98 wt %, less than 2 wt % of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than −58° C. is provided. 2. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the final boiling point is less than 210° C.3. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of having T10 of at most 75° C. claim 1 , T40 of at least 75° C. claim 1 , a T50 of at most 105° C. claim 1 , a T90 of at most 135° C. claim 1 , a final boiling point of less than 210° C.4. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of further comprising from about 0.1 vol % to about 10 vol % of an alcohol having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.5. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the total isopentane content in the blend is 14% to 26 vol %.6. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of having a potential gum of less than 6 mg/100 mL.7. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein less than 0.2 vol % of ethers are present8. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of further comprising an aviation fuel additive.9. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the total isopentane content in the blend is 14% to 26 vol %.10. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein no noncyclic ether are present.11. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the final boiling point is at most 200° C.12. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the alkylate or alkylate blend have a C10+ content of less than 0.1 vol % based on the alkylate or alkylate blend.13. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the aromatic amine component comprises toluidiene and aniline.14. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of wherein the aromatic amine component comprise toluidiene and aniline.15. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of having water reaction within +/−2 mL as defined in ASTM D1094.16. The unleaded aviation fuel ...

HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT IMIDE CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight of 1300 to 3000, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions or lubricating compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel or lubricant composition. 1. A composition comprising an imide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“imide quat”) , wherein the imide quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 1300 to 3000, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an imide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.3. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises at least one polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride or polyisobutenyl succinic acid.4. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the reaction of a)(i) with a)(ii) is carried out at a temperature of greater than 80° C.5. The composition of any previous claim wherein the nitrogen containing compound excludes dimethylaminopropylamine.6. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one dialkyl sulfate claim 1 , alkyl halide claim 1 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate claim 1 , hydrocarbyl epoxide claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , alkyl ester or mixtures thereof.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl ...

EPOXIDE QUATERNIZED QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to quaternary ammonium salts prepared with alcohol functionalized and/or Cto Cepoxide quaternizing agents, such as, for example, glycidol and 1,2-butylene oxide, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition. 1. A composition comprising at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent is a polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight ranging from 100 to 5000 and an epoxide quaternary ammonium salt (“epoxide quat”) , wherein the epoxide quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 100 to 5000, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a. a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product of{'sub': 4', '20, 'b. a quaternizing agent comprising alcohol functionalized epoxides; Cto Cepoxides; and mixtures thereof.'}2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent of said acylating agent has a number average molecular weight of 550.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises at least one polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride or polyisobutenyl succinic acid.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reaction in a) is carried out at a temperature of greater than 80 claim 1 , 90 claim 1 , or 100° C.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reaction in a) is carried out at a temperature of less than 80° C.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises a Cto Cepoxide.8. The composition of claim ...

HYDRODEOXIGENATION PROCESS OF VEGETABLE OILS FOR OBTAINING GREEN DIESEL

The present disclosure relates to a process for the hydrodeoxygenation of vegetable oils or animal fats to produce green diesel, which comprises contacting the vegetable oil or animal fat with a Nickel-Molybdenum or Cobalt-Molybdenum catalyst supported on alumina-titania or titania, respectively; in a fixed bed reactor in the presence of hydrogen. The process involves hydrocracking, hydrogenation, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, carried out in a fixed bed reactor at temperature of about 270° C. to about 360° C., pressure of about 40 kg/cmto about 60 kg/cm, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) between about 0.8 hto about 3.0 h, and H/oil ratio of about 2,700 ft/bbl to about 7,000 ft/bbl, that allows to obtain a conversion up to 99% and up to 92.7% yield on green diesel. 1. A hydrodeoxigenation process , comprising:a reaction between one of vegetable oils or animal fats with hydrogen, the reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising one of Nickel-Molybdenum supported on alumina-titania or Cobalt-Molybdenum supported on alumina;wherein the reaction is loaded in a fixed bed reactor.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is characterized by reaching a green diesel yield in a range from about 82.7% to about 92.7% and a conversion superior to 99%.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction breaks the C—O bonds present in triacylglycerides of the vegetable oils or animal fats claim 1 , in order to obtain diacylglycerides claim 1 , monoacylglycerides claim 1 , and carboxylic acids claim 1 , by a series of multiple reactions.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the carboxylic acids are transformed into even and odd n-paraffin claim 3 , carbon dioxide claim 3 , carbon monoxide claim 3 , and water through parallel chemical reactions of deoxygenation claim 3 , decarboxylation claim 3 , and decarbonylation.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the parallel chemical reactions of deoxygenation claim 4 , decarboxylation claim ...

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT IMIDE CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition. 1. A composition comprising an imide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“imide quat”) , wherein the imide quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an imide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.3. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises at least one polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride or polyisobutenyl succinic acid.4. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the reaction of a)(i) with a)(ii) is carried out at a temperature of greater than 80° C.5. The composition of any previous claim wherein the nitrogen containing compound excludes dimethylaminopropylamine.6. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one dialkyl sulfate claim 1 , alkyl halide claim 1 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate claim 1 , hydrocarbyl epoxide claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , alkyl ester or mixtures thereof.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl epoxide.8. The composition of claim 7 ...

ACID-FREE QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 112-. (canceled)14: The process according to claim 13 , wherein the polycarboxylic anhydride compound is a di- claim 13 , tri- or tetracarboxylic anhydride comprising a hydrophobic hydrocarbyl radical having a number-average molecular weight (M) of 85 to 20 claim 13 ,000.16: The process according to claim 13 , wherein the quaternized nitrogen compound is free of protic solvent and protic acid.17: The process according to claim 15 , wherein Ris H or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.18: The process according to claim 15 , wherein Ris an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.19: The process according to claim 15 , wherein Ris a hydrocarbyl group having a number-average molecular weight (M) of 85 to 20 claim 15 ,000.20: The process according to claim 15 , wherein Ris a polyalkylene radical.21: The process according to claim 15 , where at least one of the R claim 15 , Rand Rradicals is a hydrocarbyl radical or hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbyl radical. This application is a continuation application of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 15/423,240, ...

Concentrated multi-functional fuel additive packages

The disclosed technology relates to a concentrated multi-functional additive that can be continuously dosed in internal combustion engines.

Use of nitrogen compounds quaternised with alkylene oxide and hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid as additives in fuels and lubricants

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM AMIDE AND/OR ESTER SALTS

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels. 1. A composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt detergent containing an ester group , where the quaternized detergent comprises the reaction product of:(a) the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one of N,N-dimethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminobutanol, 1-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperidine, 2-[2-(dimethylamine)ethoxy]-ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol, or combinations thereof; and(b) a quaternizing agent.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a protic solvent is present during the reaction of (a) and (b) and wherein the reaction of (a) and (b) is essentially free of any additional acid component other than an acid group present in the structure of the detergent.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the protic solvent comprises water and/or a linear or branched alcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises the reaction product of a polyolefin and a α claim 1 ,β-monounsaturated Cto Canhydride.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternized detergent comprises the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one of 1-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperidine claim 1 , 2-[2-(dimethylamine)ethoxy]-ethanol claim 1 , 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol claim 1 , or combinations thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein (b) claim 1 , the quaternizing agent claim 1 , comprises ethylene oxide claim 1 , propylene oxide claim 1 , butylene oxide claim 1 , styrene oxide claim 1 , or ...

PROCESS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MERCURY FROM COAL-FIRED BOILERS

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury. 1. A method , comprising:contacting a combustion feed material with an additive to form a combined combustion feed material, the additive comprising a nitrogenous material; andcombusting the combined combustion feed material to form an off-gas comprising a nitrogen oxide and a derivative of the nitrogenous material, the derivative of the nitrogenous material causing removal of at least a portion of the nitrogen oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a Psize ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combustion feed material comprises mercury claim 1 , wherein combustion of the combined combustion feed material volatilizes elemental mercury claim 1 , and wherein the additive comprises a halogen-containing material to oxidize the elemental mercury.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate claim 1 , the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , other porous metal silicate material claim 1 , clay claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , char claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , (fly) ash claim 1 , metal claim 1 , and metal oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the ...

DIALKYLAMINOALKANOL FRICTION MODIFIERS FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

A fuel composition, a lubricant composition, and methods for reducing friction or wear of moving parts. The fuel composition includes gasoline and from about 10 to about 500 ppm by weight of a dialkylaminoalkanol of the formula R(R)NCHCH(R)R. The lubricant composition includes base oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 0.05 to about 5.0 weight percent of a dialkylaminoalkanol of the formula R(R)NCHCH(R)R. In the above formulas wherein Ris an alkyl group or a hydroxy alkyl group containing from 8 to 50 carbon atoms; Ris an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Ris selected from H and OH; and Ris selected from H, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and CHOH and wherein at least one of Rand Rcontains a hydroxyl group and provided that when Ris a hydroxyalkyl group, Ris OH and Ris CHOH. 2. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the engine comprises a fuel injected gasoline engine.3. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein Ris an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms and Ris a methyl group.4. The fuel composition of claim 3 , wherein the dialkylaminoalkanol is selected from the group consisting of 3-(dodecyl(methyl)amino)propane-1 claim 3 ,2-diol claim 3 , 3-(octyl(methyl)amino)propane-1 claim 3 ,2-diol claim 3 , 3-(octadecyl(methyl)amino)propane-1 claim 3 ,2-diol claim 3 , 2-(dodecyl(methyl)amino)ethan-1-ol claim 3 , 3-(dodecyl(methyl)amino)propan2-ol claim 3 , 3-(2-hydroxydodecyl(methyl)amino)propane-1 claim 3 ,2-diol claim 3 , 3-(2-hydroxyhexadecyl(methyl)amino)propane-1 claim 3 ,2-diol claim 3 , and mixtures thereof.5. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition contains from about 120 to about 380 ppm by weight of the dialkylaminoalkanol based on a total weight of the fuel composition.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the engine comprises a fuel injected gasoline engine.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the dialkylaminoalkanol is derived from ...

POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID-BASED ADDITIVES FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to the use of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or of a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, as a fuel additive or lubricant additive; to processes for preparing additives of this kind, and to fuels and lubricants additized therewith; such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reduction or prevention of deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reduction of the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines. 1: A method of reducing and/or preventing deposits in a fuel system , the method comprising:injecting a fuel into a fuel system, wherein the fuel comprises component (a) or (b):(a) a copolymer comprising units of an olefin and units of an olefin-polymerizable carboxylic acid, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or(b) a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of a copolymer comprising units of an olefin and units of an olefin-polymerizable carboxylic acid, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group,wherein the olefin-polymerizable carboxylic acid is a polymerizable mono- or polycarboxylic acid.2: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is obtained by a method comprising:(1) copolymerizinga) at least one ethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable polycarboxylic anhydride withb) at least one polymerizable olefin;(2) then derivatizing the ...

PLASTICIZED LATEX FORMULATIONS FOR IMPROVED PUMPABILITY

Hydrocarbon streams, such as crude oil streams, may have reduced drag when an effective amount to reduce drag of a drag reducing composition is added to a liquid hydrocarbon, where the drag reducing composition includes a drag reducing latex comprising at least one plasticizer in an amount effective to improve the ability to pump the latex into a hydrocarbon composition or stream with assured flow of the latex. Latex formulations are known to cause agglomerated particles during pumping operations, and the agglomerated hard particles tend to plug check valves in injection pump equipment, but the inclusion of at least one plasticizer reduces or prevents such problems. 1. A drag reducing composition to reduce the drag of a liquid hydrocarbon , the drag reducing composition comprising:a drag reducing latex; andat least one plasticizer in an amount effective to improve the ability to pump the drag reducing latex into the liquid hydrocarbon, where the weight ratio of the at least one plasticizer to drag reducing latex ranges from about 1/99 to about 10/90.2. The drag reducing composition of where:the drag reducing latex comprises a polymer having at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, C1 to C6 alcohol esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, styrene, acrylic acid, and combinations thereof; andthe at least one plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, esters, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, paraffinic and isoparaffinic solvents, white and mineral spirit blends, aromatic solvents, and combinations thereof.3. The drag reducing composition of where the polymer consists of a monomer that is acrylic acid and another monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylates claim 2 , methacrylates claim 2 , 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate ...

AN IMPROVED AMMONIA BASED FUEL FOR ENGINES

A fuel formulation comprising a sugar and ammonia solution, wherein the sugar and ammonia are present in a combined amount of greater than 70 percent by weight of the fuel formulation, and wherein the sugar comprises fructose, glucose, sucrose or a combination thereof. 1. A fuel formulation comprising a solution of a sugar component and liquid anhydrous ammonia , wherein the sugar component and liquid anhydrous ammonia are present in a combined amount of greater than 70 percent by weight of the fuel formulation , and wherein the sugar component comprises fructose , glucose , sucrose or a combination thereof.2. A fuel formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of sugar to liquid anhydrous ammonia is in the range 0.01:1 to 2:1 w/w.3. A fuel formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of sugar to liquid anhydrous ammonia is in the range 0.1:1 to 1.5:1 w/w claim 1 , preferably 0.1:1 to 1:1 claim 1 , and yet more preferably 0.2:1 to 0.8:1 w/w.4. A fuel formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises the sugar component dissolved in liquid anhydrous ammonia.5. A fuel formulation according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more additives selected from at least one of: water claim 1 , ammonium nitrate claim 1 , an alcohol claim 1 , a lubricant claim 1 , a picrate claim 1 , a permanganate claim 1 , or a peroxide.6. A fuel formulation according to claim 5 , wherein the one or more additives comprise water claim 5 , ammonium nitrate claim 5 , potassium permanganate claim 5 , iron picrate claim 5 , hydrogen peroxide claim 5 , ethanol claim 5 , methanol claim 5 , or a paraffinic oil.7. A compression ignition engine fuel comprising the fuel formulation according to .8. A method of operating a compression ignition engine or an Otto type engine using a fuel formulation according to claim 1 , comprising injecting the fuel formulation into the engine for combustion.9. A method according to claim 8 , wherein the fuel formulation is injected ...

PROCESS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND MERCURY FROM COAL-FIRED BOILERS

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury. 1. A method , comprising:contacting a combustion feed material with an additive to form a combined combustion feed material, the additive comprising a nitrogenous material; andcombusting the combined combustion feed material to form an off-gas comprising a nitrogen oxide and a derivative of the nitrogenous material, the derivative of the nitrogenous material causing removal of at least a portion of the nitrogen oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the additive is a free flowing particulate composition having a Psize ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises at least one of an amine and amide claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the nitrogenous material comprises ammonia claim 1 , and wherein the nitrogenous material is supported by a particulate substrate claim 1 , the particulate substrate being one or more of the combustion feed material claim 1 , a zeolite claim 1 , other porous metal silicate material claim 1 , clay claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , char claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , (fly) ash claim 1 , metal claim 1 , and metal oxide.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 3 , wherein an amount of nitrogen added in a nitrogenous material added to the off-gas is at least about 0.5% of a theoretical stoichiometric ratio based on an amount of nitrogen oxide present claim 3 , wherein the combined combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 0.75 wt. % additive claim 3 , and wherein the nitrogen content of the nitrogenous material:halogen in the additive ranges from about 1:1 to about 2400:1.7. The method of claim ...

GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS

The technology described herein relates to anti-agglomerants suitable for use in preventing, inhibiting, or otherwise modifying the agglomeration of gas hydrates in crude hydrocarbon streams. The technology relates to anti-agglomerant additives, additive formulations, compositions containing such anti-agglomerant additives and additive formulations, and methods and processes of using such anti-agglomerant additives and additive formulations in preventing, inhibiting, or otherwise modifying agglomeration of gas hydrates. 1. An anti-agglomerate additive formulation comprising A) an anti-agglomerate that is the reaction product of: (i) a dicarboxylic acid reactant , (ii) a nitrogen containing compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid reactant , and further having at least one quaternizeable amino group , and (iii) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizeable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen selected from sulphonates; sultones; phosphates; borates; nitrites; nitrates; oxalates; alkanoates; dithiophosphates; sulfates; halides; carbonates; hydrocarbyl epoxides; carboxylates; esters; and mixtures thereof.2. The anti-agglomerate additive of claim 1 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid reactant is a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride claim 1 , wherein the polyisobutylene substituent has a number average molecular weight of about 100 to about 1000.3. The anti-agglomerate additive of claim 1 , wherein the dicarboxylic acid reactant comprises a hydrocarbyl substituent having a Cto Calkane or olefin substituted succinic anhydride.4. The anti-agglomerate additive of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.5. The anti-agglomerate additive formulation of wherein the nitrogen containing compound is an N claim 1 ,N-dialkyl-alkylene diamine.6. The anti- ...

POLYTETRAHYDROBENZOXAZINES AND BISTETRAHYDROBENZOXAZINES AND USE THEREOF AS A FUEL ADDITIVE OR LUBRICANT ADDITIVE

Polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines, obtainable by (A) reacting at least one diamine of the formula HN-A-NHwith a C- to C-aldehyde and a C- to C-alkanol at 20 to 80° C. with elimination and removal of water, (B) reacting the condensation product from (A) with a phenol which bears a long-chain substituent at 30 to 120° C., and optionally (C) heating the reaction product from (B) to 125 to 280° C. The resulting polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines are suitable as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels. 3. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 2 , wherein Ris tert-octyl claim 2 , n-nonyl claim 2 , n-dodecyl or polyisobutyl.4. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 1 , wherein A has 2 to 20 carbon atoms.5. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one x is 1.6. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one x is 2.7. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one x is 3.8. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one x is 4.9. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen.10. The bistetrahydrobenzoxazine compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris independently a C- to C-alkyl radical.11. A method of reducing or preventing deposits in an injection system of a direct-injection diesel engine for reducing fuel consumption of a direct-injection diesel engine and/or for minimizing power loss in a direct-injection diesel engine claim 1 , the method comprising adding the bistetrahydrobenzoxazine of to a fuel of the direct-injection diesel engine.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the direct-injection diesel engine comprises a common-rail injection system. This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/313,400 filed Dec. 7, 2011, which is non-provisional of 61/421,226 filed Dec. 9, 2010, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.The ...

ACID-FREE QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 1. A process for preparing quaternized nitrogen compounds , whereina. a compound comprising at least one oxygen- or nitrogen-containing group reactive with the anhydride and additionally comprising at least one quaternizable amino group is added onto a polycarboxylic anhydride compound, andb. the product from stage a) is quaternized.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polycarboxylic anhydride compound is a di- claim 1 , tri- or tetracarboxylic anhydride.4. A quaternized nitrogen compound according to which is essentially H donor-free claim 3 , and comprises no inorganic acids or short-chain organic acids.5. A fuel additive or lubricant additive comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound according to .6. A detergent additive for diesel fuels comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound according to .7. A wax antisettling additive (WASA) for middle distillate fuels comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound according to .8. An additive for reducing or preventing deposits in injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines ...

Quaternary ammonium compounds as fuel or lubricant additives

A quaternary ammonium compound which is the reaction product of: (a) a tertiary amine having a molecular weight of less than 1000; (b) an acid-activated alkylating agent; and (c) a diacid including an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least (5) carbon atoms.

POLYMERIC ANTI-AGGLOMERANT HYDRATE INHIBITOR

A polymeric anti-agglomerant hydrate inhibitor useful for preventing the formation of hydrate agglomerates in a multi-phase oilfield fluid may be synthesized via a condensation reaction between a cyclic anhydride and a tertiary amine-diol in the presence of a condensation catalyst to form a polyester amine precursor and a reaction of the polyester amine polymer precursor with an organic acid. 1. A method for synthesizing a polymeric anti-agglomerant hydrate inhibitor , the method comprising:forming a polyester amine precursor through a condensation reaction between a cyclic anhydride and a tertiary amine-diol in the presence of a condensation catalyst; andreacting the polyester amine precursor with a carboxylic acid to create a polyester amine salt.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic anhydride is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride claim 1 , succinic anhydride claim 1 , alkyl-substituted anhydrides claim 1 , alkenyl-substituted anhydrides claim 1 , and mixtures thereof; where the alkyl and alkenyl substituents have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and are linear or branched.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cyclic anhydride is dodecenyl succinic anhydride.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tertiary amine-diol is an alkyldiethanolamine claim 1 , wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is linear claim 1 , branched claim 1 , or cyclic.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tertiary amine-diol is n-butyldiethanolamine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the condensation catalyst is selected from a group consisting of methanesulfonic acid claim 1 , p-toluenesulfonic acid claim 1 , dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , phosphorous acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid contains 1 to 20 carbon atoms.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid claim 7 , acrylic ...

QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 1. (canceled)2. A method for modifying a fuel comprising adding a reaction product or a quaternized nitrogen compound obtained from the reaction product to a fuel in an amount sufficient to modify the fuel , wherein the reaction product is produced by a process comprising:a) reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with a compound comprising at least one oxygen or nitrogen group capable of addition or condensation or otherwise reactive, with the polycarboxylic acid, and comprising at least one quaternizable amino group, to obtain a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound, andb) reacting the product of a) with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said quaternizing agent being the alkyl ester of a cycloaromatic or cycloaliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid, or of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid;orc) reacting a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound comprising at least one quaternizable amino group with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said ...

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS AS FUEL OR LUBRICANT ADDITIVES

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (X), wherein R, R, Rand Ris each individually an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group and R includes an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least 5 carbon atoms. 2. A quaternary ammonium compound which is the reaction product of:(a) a tertiary amine;(b) an acid-activated alkylating agent; and(c) an acid including an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least 5 carbon atoms.3. A quaternary ammonium compound according to wherein component (b) is an epoxide.4. A quaternary ammonium compound according to wherein component (c) is selected from a monoacid claim 2 , diacid claim 2 , monoester of a diacid claim 2 , a polyacid or a partial ester of a polyacid.5. A quaternary ammonium compound according to wherein component (c) is selected from a monoacid claim 4 , diacid or a monoester of a diacid.7. A quaternary ammonium compound according to wherein component (c) is a monoester of a diacid.10. A method of preparing a quaternary ammonium salt claim 6 , the method comprising reacting (a) a tertiary amine with (b) an acid-derived alkylating agent in the presence of (c) acid including an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least 5 carbon atoms.11. An additive composition comprising one or more quaternary ammonium compounds as claimed in and a diluent or carrier.12. A lubricating composition comprising as an additive one or more quaternary ammonium compounds as claimed in .13. A fuel composition comprising as an additive one or more quaternary ammonium compounds as claimed in .14. A fuel composition according to wherein the fuel is diesel fuel.15. A fuel composition according to which comprises one or more further detergents selected from:(i) an additional quaternary ammonium salt additive which is not one of the one or more quaternary ammonium compounds;(ii) the product of a Mannich reaction between an aldehyde, an amine and an optionally substituted phenol;(iii) the ...

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents.

LIQUID COMPOSITION

A liquid fuel composition comprising a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; one or more organic UV filter compounds; and one or more ester co-additive compounds provides improvements in terms of stability properties in an additive blend containing said one or more organic UV filter compounds and said one or more ester co-additive compounds, particularly at low temperatures, such as temperatures of 5° C. or lower. 1. A liquid fuel composition comprising:(a) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine;(b) in the range of from 10 ppmw to 2 wt %, by weight of the liquid fuel composition, of one or more organic UV filter compounds; and{'sub': 4', '18', '4', '18', '4', '12', '3', '18, '(c) in the range of from 0.001 wt % to 0.5 wt %, by weight of the liquid fuel composition, of one or more ester co-additive compounds selected from esters of glycols and benzoic acid, esters of monoalcohols and benzoic acid, esters of polyalcohols and benzoic acid, esters of monoalcohols and monocarboxylic acids prepared by the reaction of a C-Cbranched or straight-chain monocarboxylic acid with a C-Cbranched or straight chain monoalcohol, and esters of monoalcohols and dicarboxylic acids prepared by the reaction of a C-Cbranched or straight chain dicarboxylic acid with a C-Cbranched or straight chain monoalcohol.'}2. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the esters of glycols and benzoic acid are prepared from the reaction of benzoic acid with a glycol selected from monoethyleneglycol claim 1 , diethyleneglycol claim 1 , triethyleneglycol claim 1 , monopropyleneglycol claim 1 , dipropylene glycol claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the esters of monoalcohols and benzoic acid are prepared from the reaction of benzoic acid with a C-Cbranched chain monoalcohol or a C-Cstraight chain monoalcohol.4. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the esters of polyalcohols and benzoic acid are ...

Methods and Uses for Intake-Valve and Direct-Injector Deposit Clean-Up

The use as an intake valve deposit clean-up additive in a fuel composition for a port fuel injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine or a fuel injector deposit clean-up additive in a fuel composition for a direct injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine of a combination of: a. at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic compound; and b. at least one polyalkylene amine. 111-. (canceled)12. A method of improving the port fuel injection intake valve deposit clean-up performance or the direct injection fuel injector deposit clean-up performance of a fuel composition for use in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine which method comprises incorporating into the fuel composition in one or more steps:a. at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic compound, such as a Mannich Base detergent; andb. at least one polyalkylene amine, such as a polyisobutylene amine to produce a fuel composition which comprises said additives in combination and which on combustion in a spark-ignition engine produces greater port fuel injection intake valve or direct injection fuel injector deposit clean-up performance than the clean-up performance when combusting in said engine the fuel composition without said combination of additives.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic compound is present in the fuel composition at a concentration of actives of from 20 ppm to 200 ppm.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the aromatic compound exhibits a number average molecular weight of from 700 to 1500.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the aromatic compound is or comprises polyisobutylene.16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one polylalkylene amine is present in the fuel composition at a concentration of actives of from 50 ppm to 500 ppm.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polyalkylene amine contains a polyalkylene group that exhibits a number ...

COMPOSITION, METHOD AND USE

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R, R, Rand Ris each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen. 2. A method of preparing a quaternary ammonium salt , the method comprising reacting (a) a tertiary amine of formula RRRN with (b) an acid-derived alkylating agent in the presence of (c) a compound of formula HOOCXCOO—(RO)—R , wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group , Ris hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl , alkenyl or aryl group , and n is 0 or a positive integer , provided that n is not 0 when Ris hydrogen.3. The method according to wherein component (b) is an epoxide.5. The composition according to wherein the composition is an additive composition for a fuel or lubricating oil.6. The composition according to wherein the composition is a fuel composition.7. (canceled)9. The salt according to wherein HOOCXCOO—(RO)—Ris derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride.10. The salt according to wherein each Ris ethylene or propylene.11. The salt wherein Ris hydrogen and n is at least 1.12. The salt according to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms and n is from 0 to 40.13. The salt according to wherein each of Rand Ris independently an optionally substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.14. The salt according to wherein Ris an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.17. The salt according to wherein X is an optionally substituted alkylene or arylene group.18. The salt according to any of the quaternary ammonium compound is the reaction product of:{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3, '(a) a tertiary amine of formula RRRN wherein each of, R, Rand Ris independently an ...

FIRE STARTER

A fire starter includes a casing made from a first material a first material having a first time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the casing burns after being ignited. A second material disposed in the casing has a second time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the second material burns after being ignited. An igniter, disposed in the casing and adjacent to the second material, generates a first thermal event to ignite the second material wherein the second material combusts to define a second thermal event that ignites the first material. An actuator is coupled to the igniter and is positioned outside of the casing for activating the igniter to generate the first thermal event. 1. A fire starter , comprising:a casing defining an interior chamber and being made from a first material, the first material burning for a length of time after being ignited;a second material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing, the second material burning for a length of time after being ignited, the length of time associated with the second material being less than the length of time associated with the first material;an igniter disposed in the interior chamber of the casing and configured to generate a first thermal event to ignite the second material, the second material combusts during the first thermal event to define a second thermal event to ignite the first material; andan actuator coupled to the igniter and having at least a portion positioned outside of the interior chamber of the casing, the actuator configured to activate the igniter to generate the first thermal event.2. A fire starter as in claim 1 , wherein the first material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.3. A fire starter as in claim 1 , wherein the second material includes an oxidizer.4. A fire starter as in claim 1 , wherein the igniter includes:a spark generator; anda fuse coupled to the spark generator and in contact with the ...

DIESEL FUEL FORMULATIN AND USE THEREOF

A diesel fuel composition having (a) between 60 and 70 vol % of a Fischer-Tropsch derived component, (b) between 20 and 30 vol % of a naphthenic base oil, and (c) between 9 and 11 vol % of a bio-derived diesel fuel component to provide a fuel composition having a density of between 780 and 820 kg/mand a cetane number of at least 68. 1. A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon blend , the hydrocarbon blend comprising: (a) between 60 and 70 vol % of Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component , (b) between 20 and 30 vol % of a naphthenic base oil , and (c) between 9 and 11 vol % of a bio-derived diesel component , said fuel composition having a cetane number of at least 68.2. The fuel composition of further comprising between 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of a cetane enhancer.3. The fuel composition of wherein component (a) is present in an amount between 62 and 68 vol %.4. The fuel composition of wherein component (b) is present in an amount between 22 and 28 vol %.5. The fuel composition of wherein component (c) is present in an amount between 9.5 and 10.5 vol %.6. The fuel composition of wherein component (a) comprises at least 95 wt % paraffins.72. The fuel composition of wherein component (a) comprises a sulfur content of ppmw or less.8. The fuel composition of wherein component (c) is a hydrogenated vegetable oil.9. The fuel composition of wherein the fuel composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of greater than 3.0 cSt (mm/s).10. The fuel composition of wherein the fuel composition has a density at 15° C. of from 780 and 845 kg/m.11. The fuel composition of wherein the cetane enhancer is ethylhexyl nitrate.12. A method of operating a direct injection engine claim 1 , the method comprising the step of supplying the fuel composition of to said direct injection engine.13. A method for the preparation of a fuel composition claim 1 , the method comprising blending (a) between 60 and 70 vol % of a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component; (b) between 20 and 30 vol % of a ...

Low molecular weight imide containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

Universal Synthetic Lubricant, Method and Product-by-Process to Replace the Lost Sulfur Lubrication when Using Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels

A diesel fuel lubricant as a replacement for sulfur lubrication in Ultra-Low and Low Sulfur Diesel fuels, the process for producing said lubricant, and the method of using said lubricant. This lubricant comprises alpha-olefins; low odor aromatic solvents; and at least one a base oil selected from the base oil group consisting of hydroisomerized high base oils and HT Severe Hydro-cracked Base Oils; as well as other ingredients. Also disclosed is a method for producing this lubricant. 1. A method of producing a synthetic diesel fuel additive , comprising:blending alpha-olefins, low odor aromatic solvents, and at least one base oil until the blend is a consistent amalgamation without any appearance of separation, thereby producing a primary blend;blending a cetane booster, detergent, cloud point reducer blend, thereby producing a secondary blend;adding said secondary blend to said primary blend; andadding low flash mineral spirits to said primary blend and said secondary blend.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:separately blending calcium sulfonates and said low flash mineral spirits, thereby producing a tertiary blend; andadding said low flash mineral spirits by adding said tertiary blend to said primary and secondary blend.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:adding solvent activated dyes; at least one depressant selected form the group consisting of pour point depressants and cloud point depressants; isomer reformate; and dimethyl ketones to said blend of primary and secondary blends, and said low flash mineral spirits.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:adding solvent activated dyes; at least one depressant selected form the group consisting of pour point depressants and cloud point depressants; isomer reformate; and dimethyl ketones to said primary, secondary, and tertiary blends. This application is a continuation of pending application U.S. Ser. No. 14/314,167 filed Jun. 25, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,284,507 issued Mar. 15, 2016. ...

Combustion system and method

A method of increasing efficiency of a combustion system, which runs with alcohol fuels, by injecting a controlled quantity of a fuel additive. The method includes using one of a single injector tip for pre-mixed alcohol fuel and fuel additive or individual injector tips for the alcohol fuel and the fuel additive. The fuel additive includes a mixture of organic compounds of which at least one organic compound includes at least one nitrate molecular group. The method further includes injecting the pre-mixed alcohol fuel and fuel additive or the alcohol fuel and the fuel additive individually into one or more combustion chambers of the engine block. The method also includes controlling a quantity of the fuel additive by a control arrangement associated with a temperature sensor, and controlling a flow-rate of the alcohol fuel by a power control adapted to controller an output power from the engine block.

Ionic Liquid Based Well Asphaltene Inhibitors and Methods of Using the Same

Methods of treating a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid are described wherein the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is contacted with an asphaltene inhibitor composition having an ionic liquid and an asphaltene inhibitor. The ionic liquid has a cation of RRRRN or RRRNRNRRRand an anion, wherein R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rare independently selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched Calkyl group, benzyl, a Calkylbenzyl group, a Carylalkyl group, a straight or branched Calkenyl group, a Chydroxyalkyl group, a Chydroxyalkylbenzyl group, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene group or a zwitterion; Ris a straight or branched Calkylene, an alkylene oxyalkylene or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene; and the anion includes halides, hydroxyl, bicarbonate, carbonate, alkyl carbonates, alkoxides, carboxylates, hydroxycarboxylates or a combination thereof. 1. A method of enhancing the performance of an asphaltene inhibitor during production , storage , transportation or refining of a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid , the method comprising contacting the asphaltene inhibitor with an ionic liquid during a production or refining operation or prior to or during storage or transportation of the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid , wherein the ionic liquid has a cation of RRRRN or RRRNRNRRRand an anion , wherein R , R , R , R , R , Rand Rare independently selected from hydrogen , a straight or branched Calkyl group , benzyl , a Calkylbenzyl group , a Carylalkyl group , a straight or branched Calkenyl group , a Chydroxyalkyl group , a Chydroxyalkylbenzyl group , an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene group or a zwitterion; Ris a straight or branched Calkylene , an alkylene oxyalkylene or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene; and the anion comprises halides , hydroxyl , bicarbonate , carbonate , alkyl carbonates , alkoxides , carboxylates , hydroxycarboxylates or a combination thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following conditions prevail:{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7, 'sub': '1-20', '(a) R, R, ...

PHENOL ALDEHYDES ASPHALTENE INHIBITORS

A method of stabilizing asphaltenes in a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid comprises contacting the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid with a mixed phenol aldehyde derived from an aldehyde and two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols, the two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols comprising a first phenol which is a Clinear or branched alkyl monophenol; and a second phenol which is unsubstituted or a Clinear or branched alkyl monophenol different from the first phenol, wherein the molar ratio of the first phenol relative to the second phenol is about 4:1 to about 1:4. 1. A method of stabilizing asphaltenes in a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid , the method comprising:contacting the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid with a mixed phenol aldehyde derived from an aldehyde and two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols, [{'sub': '1-20', 'a first phenol which is a Clinear or branched alkyl monophenol; and'}, {'sub': '1-20', 'a second phenol which is unsubstituted or a Clinear or branched alkyl monophenol different from the first phenol,'}], 'the two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols comprising'}wherein the molar ratio of the first phenol relative to the second phenol is about 4:1 to about 1:4.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed phenol aldehyde has a higher weight average molecular weight claim 1 , a lower viscosity claim 1 , or a combination thereof than a reference phenol aldehyde prepared by the same method using a single alkyl-substituted monophenol and the same aldehyde claim 1 , determined under the same testing conditions.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde comprises formaldehyde claim 1 , paraformaldehyde claim 1 , acetaldehyde claim 1 , propionaldehyde claim 1 , butyraldehyde claim 1 , glyoxal claim 1 , glutaraldehyde claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,9-nonanedial claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein Ris a Clinear or branched alkyl claim 4 , ...

FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING DETERGENTS DERIVED FROM ETHYLENE-ALPHA OLEFIN COPOLYMERS

A fuel composition including a fuel and a fuel additive including a fuel soluble detergent selected from succinimide compounds of the Formula (I), Mannich detergents of the formulae (IIa), and amine detergents of the formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb). The fuel soluble detergents are derived from a specific class of ethylene-alpha olefin copolymers having an Mn of less than 5,000 g/mol, an ethylene unit content of more than 40 mol % to less than 90 mol %; a terminal unsaturation of 70 mol % or greater; at least 70 mol % of the unsaturation is terminal vinylidene, one or more tri-substituted isomers of the terminal vinylidene or any combination thereof, an average ethylene run length of less than 2.6; and wherein n>n. Methods employing the fuel compositions for operating diesel and gasoline engines to reduce injector valve deposits, valve sticking and injector nozzle fouling, and a method for stabilizing a diesel fuel composition. 2. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition contains from 10 to 500 ppmw (2.5 to 132 ptb) of the fuel soluble detergent.3. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein n is from 3-6.4. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the detergent is a detergent of the Formula (I).5. The fuel composition of claim 4 , wherein the detergent is a reaction product prepared by reaction of an amine-containing compound ethylene-propylene copolymer-substituted succinic anhydride obtained by reacting an ethylene-propylene copolymer with maleic anhydride claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio of the maleic anhydride to the copolymer is from 1:1 to 2:1; and the molar ratio of the copolymer-substituted succinic anhydride to the amine-containing compound is from 1:1 to 3:1.6. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the detergent is a detergent of the formulae (IIa).7. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the detergent is a detergent of the formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb).8. The fuel composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional ...

Use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilisers

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R 2 to R 5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

FRICTION MODIFIER AND THEIR USE IN LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

The use as a friction modifier in a non-aqueous lubricating composition and/or in a fuel composition, of at least one compound having the structural formula (I), wherein: m and n are independently an integer in the range 1 to 6; Rand Reach independently represent H or a Cto Chydrocarbyl group; and Rrepresents a Cto Chydrocarbyl group. Also, a non-aqueous lubricating composition and a fuel composition for an internal combustion engine which comprise at least one of the compounds represented by structural formula (I). 132-. (canceled)34. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which the compound represented by the structural formula (I) is present in a liquid fuel composition used to operate an internal combustion engine and a portion at least claim 33 , of said compound ingresses into the lubricating composition during operation of said engine.35. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 33 , Rrepresents a C claim 33 , C claim 33 , Cor Chydrocarbyl group.36. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 35 , Rrepresents a saturated hydrocarbyl group.37. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 33 , Rrepresents an oleyl group.38. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 33 , m and n are each 1.39. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 33 , Rand Reach independently represent H.40. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 33 , Rand Reach independently represent a saturated hydrocarbyl group.41. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 33 , Rand Reach independently represent an ethyl or tert-butyl group.42. The lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 33 , Rand Reach independently represent a substituted ...

Folding Stove

This invention relates to portable cooking stoves and in particular, to lightweight, flat-packable stoves that are easily deployed into the cooking arrangement and that have an integrated cooking chamber. The integrated food chamber should be capable of holding sufficient water to be boiled for a drink, or to heat sufficient food to provide for a hot meal for one person. The cooking stoves of the present invention are intended primarily for outdoor leisure pursuits such as backpacking, hiking and camping, as well as serving humanitarian and military dismounted soldier needs.

QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 1) A fuel composition comprising , in a majority amount of a customary fuel , a proportion of at least one reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , or a fraction thereof comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , and being obtained from said reaction product by purification , said reaction product being obtainable bya) reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with a compound comprising at least one oxygen or nitrogen group capable of addition or condensation or otherwise reactive, with the polycarboxylic acid, and comprising at least one quaternizable amino group, to obtain a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound,andb) subsequent reaction thereof with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said quaternizing agent being the alkyl ester of a cycloaromatic or cycloaliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid, or of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid;or said reaction product being obtainable byreacting a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound comprising at least one quaternizable amino group with a quaternizing ...

ACID-FREE QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 112-. (canceled)14: The process according to claim 13 , wherein the polycarboxyl c anhydride compound is a di- claim 13 , tri- or tetracarboxylic anhydride.15: A quaternized nitrogen compound obtained according to the process which is H donor-free claim 13 , and comprises no inorganic acids or short-chain organic acids.16: A fuel additive or lubricant additive comprising the quaternized nitrogen compound according to .17: A detergent additive for diesel fuels comprising the quaternized nitrogen compound according to .18: A wax antisettling additive (WASA) for middle distillate fuels comprising the quaternized nitrogen compound according to .19: An additive for reducing or preventing deposits in injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound according to .20: An additive for controlling or reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound according to .21: An additive concentrate comprising claim 15 , in combination with further diesel fuel additives ...

FRICTION MODIFIER AND THEIR USE IN LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

The use as an ashless anti-wear additive in a non-aqueous lubricating composition and/or in a fuel composition, of at least one compound represented by the structural formula (I): wherein Rrepresents H or a Cto Chydrocarbyl group or formula (II) x, y and z are independently integers in the range 1 to 6; and R, Rand Reach independently represent H or a Cto Chydrocarbyl group. Also, a non-aqueous lubricating composition and a fuel composition for an internal combustion engine which comprise at least one of said compounds represented by structural formula (I). 142-. (canceled)44. A non-aqueous lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 43 , x claim 43 , y and z are each 1.45. A non-aqueous lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 43 , RRand Reach independently represent a saturated hydrocarbyl group.46. A non-aqueous lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 45 , RRand Reach independently represent a methyl claim 45 , ethyl claim 45 , n-propyl claim 45 , iso-propyl claim 45 , n-butyl claim 45 , iso-butyl or tert-butyl group.47. A non-aqueous lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 43 , Rrepresents H.48. A non-aqueous lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 43 , Rrepresents H; x=y=1; and Rand Reach independently represent an ethyl or tert-butyl group.49. A non-aqueous lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 43 , Rrepresents a methyl group.50. A non-aqueous lubricating composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim 43 , RRand Reach independently represent a substituted hydrocarbyl group comprising at least one heteroatom which is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen claim 43 , oxygen and combinations thereof.53. A fuel composition as claimed in in which in the structural formula (I) claim ...

USE OF TETRAHYDROBENZOXAZINES AS STABILISERS

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I 110-. (canceled)12: The composition according to wherein the remaining substituents from the group or R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , Rwhich are not polyisobutenyl radicals having a number-average molecular weight Mof from 900 to 1 claim 11 ,100 are each independently a hydrogen atom claim 11 , a hydroxyl group or a linear or branched C- to C-alkyl radical.13: The composition according to wherein the polyisobutenyl radical incorporated into the tetrahydrobenzoxazine I comprises at least 50 mol % of terminal double bonds based on the total number of polyisobutene macromolecules.14: The composition according to wherein the polyisobutenyl radical incorporated into the tetrahydrobenzoxazine I has a polydispersity index (PDI) of from 1.05 to 10.15: The composition according to wherein the polyisobutenyl radical incorporated into the tetrahydrobenzoxazine I is a polymer which is obtained by cationic polymerization and comprises claim 11 , in copolymerized form claim 11 , at least 60% by weight of isobutene and in addition may comprise claim 11 , in copolymerized form claim 11 , further butene isomers such as 1- or 2-butene claim 11 , and also different olefinically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with isobutene under cationic polymerization conditions.16: The composition according to comprising a compound (A) wherein the compound (A) is a succinic anhydride derivative having long-chain hydrocarbon radicals of from 15 to 700 carbon atoms with further functional groups which are selected from hydroxyl claim 11 , amino claim 11 , amido and/or imido groups.17: The composition according to comprising a compound (A) wherein the compound (A) is a derivative of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride which is obtained by reacting polyalkenes with maleic anhydride by a thermal route or via reaction with a chlorinated hydrocarbon.18: The composition according to comprising a compound (A) wherein the compound (A) is a derivative of a ...

Use of amines and/or mannich adducts in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection spark ignition engines

The present invention relates to the use of amines and/or Mannich adducts as detergents and/or dispersants in fuel and lubricant compositions for direct-injection gasoline engines. The invention further relates to fuel and lubricant compositions which comprise at least one such Mannich adduct, and also a bisaminoalkylated Mannich adduct.

Hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant and method of application thereof

A hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises a compound having a following molecular structure R1-(CnHm)-R2, a precursor or a derivative of the compound: wherein n and m are positive integers; —(CnHm)— group is a straight chain molecule segment formed by covalent linkage of carbon atoms which are more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 50; ,R1 and R2 comprise an aromatic ring or carboxylic acid or hydroxyl radical or alkyl group; the aromatic ring group may either be a single ring or polycyclic, and may also be a heterocycle containing oxygen or nitrogen, which may be provided with or not provided with a substituent group; the antioxidant contains more than one linear chain or ring conjugated bond formed by conjugated double bonds; the ring conjugated double bonds are located on the aromatic ring at the end part; the linear chain conjugated double bonds are located on a carbon chain in the middle; and the antioxidant has a prominent absorption peak in a 250-400 nm ultraviolet wavelength range. The hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises carotinoid, vitamin A or vitamin E. The invention further provides applications and a method of application of the antioxidant. The antioxidant can promote the ultraviolet light stabilization effect of the fuels, but also can promote the oxygen stabilization effect of the fuels, and particularly can promote the combustion efficiency of the fuels and reduce the emission of contaminants when the antioxidant is together used with such additives as cetane number improver and octane number improver.

METHODS RELATING TO FUEL COMPOSITIONS

A method of removing deposits from a diesel engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising an engine cleaning additive, wherein the engine cleaning additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) ammonia, hydrazine or an amine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the or each substituent of the phenol component (c) has an average molecular weight of less than 400. 1. A method of removing deposits from a diesel engine , the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising an engine cleaning additive , wherein the engine cleaning additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between:(a) an aldehyde;(b) ammonia, hydrazine or an amine; and(c) an optionally substituted phenol;wherein the or each substituent of the phenol component (c) has an average molecular weight of less than 400.2. The method according to wherein component (b) is a polyethylene polyamine having from 2 to 8 nitrogen atoms.3. The method according to wherein the engine cleaning additive is present in the diesel fuel composition in an amount of at least 30 ppm.4. The method according to wherein the diesel fuel composition further comprises a quaternary ammonium salt additive formed by the reaction of a nitrogen containing species having at least one tertiary amine group and a quarternizing agent.5. The method according to wherein the nitrogen containing species comprises:(i) the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound comprising at least one tertiary amine group and a primary amine, secondary amine or alcohol group;(ii) a mannich reaction product comprising a tertiary amine group; and(iii) a polyalkylene substituted amine having at least one tertiary amine group.6. The method according to wherein the quarternising agent is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulphates claim 4 , benzyl halides claim 4 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates claim ...

Synergistic detergent and active metal compound combination

The present invention relates to compositions containing a detergent composition and an active metal containing compound, where the detergent composition includes a quaternary ammonium salt detergent and optionally an oxygen-containing detergent, and where the active metal containing compound is in the form of a colloidal dispersion, comprising an organic phase, particles of an iron compound in its amorphous form, and at least one amphiphilic agent. These compositions may be used in fuels and provide improved engine performance when such fuels are used, specifically by reducing fuel injector fouling in the engine and/or by improving the regenera

METHOD AND ADDITIVE FOR CONTROLLING NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion. 1. A method for reducing NOemissions in a pulverized coal boiler system , comprising:contacting a feed material with an additive mixture comprising an additive and a thermal stability agent to form an additive-containing feed material, wherein the additive, in the absence of the thermal stability agent, is unstable when the feed material is combusted; andcombusting the additive-containing feed material to produce a contaminated gas stream comprising a contaminant produced by combustion of the feed material and the additive or a derivative thereof, wherein the additive or a derivative thereof removes or causes removal of the contaminant.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is one or more of an acid gas claim 1 , mercury claim 1 , and carbon oxide claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises one or more of a halogen claim 1 , halide claim 1 , nitrogenous material claim 1 , and activated carbon claim 1 , and wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , and ash.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the additive comprises a nitrogenous material and wherein the nitrogenous material is one or more of ammonia claim 2 , an amine claim 2 , an amide claim 2 , cyanuric acid claim 2 , and urea.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the additive further comprises one or more of a stabilizing agent claim 3 , dispersant claim 3 , and binder.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises one or more of a metal hydroxide claim 1 , metal carbonate claim 1 , metal bicarbonate claim 1 , metal hydrate claim 1 , and metal nitride.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal stability agent comprises a porous substrate for supporting the additive and wherein the substrate is one or more of a ...

BLENDED GASOLINE COMPOSITION

Disclosed is a blended gasoline composition having an AKI of 87. The formulation of the blended gasoline composition leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. The blended gasoline composition contains a reduced concentration of olefins and non-amine aromatics. 1. A blended gasoline composition comprising:an aromatic amine in concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% by volume;ethanol in concentrations up to about 20%;non-amine aromatic hydrocarbons in concentrations up to about 15%;olefins in concentrations up to about 8%;paraffins in concentrations up to about 90%.2. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein one pound of said blended gasoline composition produces 0.00004 pound of carbon per BTU or less when combusted in an internal combustion engine.3. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said blended gasoline composition has an anti-knock index value of at least 87.4. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said olefin concentration is about 5.00% or less.5. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said olefin concentration is about 3.00% or less.6. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said olefin concentration is about 1.00% or less.7. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said olefin concentration is 0.00%.8. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said aromatic concentration is about 10% or less.9. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said aromatic concentration is about 5% or less.10. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said aromatic concentration is less than about 1%.11. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said ethanol is present in concentrations between about 10% and about 20%.12. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said ethanol is present in concentrations between about 10% and about 15%.13. The blended gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein said blended gasoline ...

Slurry suspension comprising torrefied wood particles

A slurry suspension is provided, which comprises (a) carbonaceous material particles having an average diameter D 50 comprised between 0.1 μm and 200 μm; (b) an organic compound comprising at least one amine group; and (c) an organic phase.

ACID-FREE QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 125-. (canceled)26. A method for reducing or preventing deposits in an injection system of a diesel engine , the method comprising adding a deposit reducing or deposit preventing effective amount of a quaternized nitrogen compound to a diesel engine in need thereof , wherein said quaternized nitrogen compound is a quaternized nitrogen compound prepared by a process comprising:a) reacting an anhydride compound derived from a polycarboxylic acid, or a dimeric form thereof having two acid anhydride groups, with a compound comprising (i) a group comprising oxygen or nitrogen wherein the group is reactive with an anhydride, and (ii) a quaternizable amino group, to form a product, andb) quaternizing the product from a) to obtain the quaternized nitrogen compound,wherein the anhydride compound comprises a hydrocarbyl substituent having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) in a range from about 200 to 20 000;wherein said method prevents or reduces internal diesel injector deposits of a direct injection diesel engine; andwherein said method prevents ...

QUATERNIZED AMMONIUM SALTS OF HYDROCARBYL EPOXIDES AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized ammonium salts of hydrocarbyl epoxides, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel additive and lubricant additive, such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines. 115-. (canceled)18. The reaction product according to claim 16 , wherein the acid is selected from a) saturated or unsaturated claim 16 , aliphatic or aromatic C-Cmonocarboxylic acids claim 16 , or b) fatty acids selected from straight-chain or branched claim 16 , monounsaturated or polyunsaturated claim 16 , optionally substituted C-Cmonocarboxylic acids.20. The reaction product according to claim 16 , wherein the amine of the general formula II is selected from tri-C-C- or tri-C-C-alkylamines or compounds of the general formula II in which one of the R claim 16 , Rand Rradicals is a C-C-alkyl radical and the two other radicals claim 16 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded claim 16 , form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring which may optionally bear at least one further ring heteroatom such as O claim 16 , S or N.21. The reaction product according to claim 16 , wherein the compound of the general formula I is a polyalkylene epoxide which is obtained by epoxidizing a polyalkylene claim 16 , especially poly-(C-C)-alkylene claim 16 , having a number-average molecular weight (M) of 85 to 20 000.22. The reaction product according to claim 21 , wherein the polyalkylene is a polyisobutylene having a proportion of ...

ENHANCED FUEL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING ENHANCED FUEL FOR OPERATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An enhanced fuel, a method of producing such enhanced fuel, and method of using such enhanced fuel for operating internal combustion engine. The fuel includes a mixture of at least one alcohol, water and ammonium nitrate (AN) as a cetane enhancer. The water is included in a quantity which renders the ammonium nitrate dissolved in the at least one alcohol. The fuel further contains dimethylether as an ignition-improver additive, at least one lubricity agent and at least one anti-corrosion agent. 1. A fuel for use in internal combustion engines , wherein the fuel includes a mixture of at least one alcohol , water and ammonium nitrate (AN) as a cetane enhancer , wherein water is included in a quantity which renders the ammonium nitrate dissolved in the at least one alcohol , wherein the at least one alcohol includes methanol.2. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the AN and water solution is mixed in alcohol to allow the AN/alcohol ratio in be in a range of 0.5% to 20% by weight with respect tot he aclohol claim 1 , wherein the AN is included in a concentration having a range of 1% to 5% by weight with respect to the alcohol.35-. (canceled)6. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , the fuel further contains polyethylene glycol dinitrate (PEGDN) claim 1 , wherein the PEGDN is included in a concentration in a range of 5% to 10% by weight with respect to alcohol.7. (canceled)8. The fuel as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fuel further contains at least one ignition-improver additive claim 1 , at least one lubricity agent and at least one anti-corrosion agent claim 1 , wherein the ignition-improver additive is at least one of dimethylether (DME) claim 1 , diethyl ether or methyl ethyl ether claim 1 , wherein the DME is included in a concentration in a range of 0.1% to 3% by weight with respect to the alcohol.911-. (canceled)12. The fuel as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the lubricity agent is at least one of polyethylene glycol claim 8 , synthetic esters claim 8 , and fatty ...

POLYOL CARRIER FLUIDS AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING POLYOL CARRIER FLUIDS

A carrier fluid or fluidizer for use in fuel performance additives or fuels including such additives is described herein. The novel carrier fluids include a unique blend of alkoxylated alcohols or polyols providing unexpected performance improvements to fuel performance additives and fuels incorporating the additives. The carrier fluids, when combined with at least a detergent, provide desired valve stick performance and unexpectedly improve the intake valve deposit performance at the same time. 1. A fuel additive composition for spark-ignitable fuels , the fuel additive composition comprising detergent and at least one liquid carrier including a blend of aliphatic C16 to C18 alkoxylated alcohols with each alkoxylated alcohol of the blend having 24 to 32 repeating units of alkylene oxide , wherein the alkoxylated alcohols are prepared from alkylene oxides selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide , propylene oxide , butylene oxide , copolymers thereof , and combinations thereof.2. The fuel additive composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight average molecular weight of the blend is about 1300 to about 2600.3. The fuel additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the blend includes about 30 to about 70 weight percent of a linear or branched aliphatic C16 alkoxylated alcohol having 24 to 32 repeating units of alkylene oxide.4. The fuel additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the blend further includes about 6 weight percent or less of C20 or greater alkoxylated alcohols and/or about 4 percent or less of C14 or lower alkoxylated alcohols.5. The fuel additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the detergent is selected from the group consisting of Mannich reaction products formed by condensing a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted phenol or cresol with an aldehyde and an amine; long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons having an amine or a polyamine attached thereto; fuel-soluble nitrogen containing salts claim 1 , amides claim 1 , imides claim 1 , succinimides ...

USE OF SPECIFIC DERIVATIVES OF QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The invention relates to the use of specific quaternised nitrogen compounds which are also subjected to specific transesterification or amidation, as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems. The invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines. 120-. (canceled)22: The quaternized nitrogen compound of claim 21 , wherein the quaternizable nitrogen compound is selected from the group consisting of: {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, 'RRRN\u2003\u2003(3),'}, 'a) at least one alkylamine of formula (3)wherein{'sub': a', 'b', 'c', '8', '40', '1', '6, 'at least one of the R, Rand Rradicals is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C-C-hydrocarbyl radical and the other radicals are identical or different, straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C-C-hydrocarbyl radicals, or'}{'sub': a', 'b', 'c', '8', '40, 'all the R, Rand R, radicals are identical or different, straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C-C-hydrocarbyl radicals;'}b) at least one polyalkene-substituted amine comprising at least one quaternizable amino group;c) at least one polyether-substituted amine comprising at least one quaternizable amino group;d) at least one reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound comprising a nitrogen or oxygen atom and additionally comprising at least one quaternizable amino group; ande) mixtures thereof.23: The quaternized nitrogen compound of claim 21 , wherein the ...

Low Ash Lubricant and Fuel Additive Comprising Alkoxylated Amine

A lubricating oil detergent composition comprises an overbased calcium sulfonate and a low ash detergent, which low ash detergent is metal free and comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound such as an alkylated salicylic acid, a boron compound and an amine component. 2. The detergent composition according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of substituted salicylic acids of formula I.3. The detergent composition according to wherein R1 is independently alkyl claim 2 , alkenyl claim 2 , cycloalkyl claim 2 , cycloalkenyl claim 2 , aromatic claim 2 , aromatic substituted by aliphatic or aromatic having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms claim 2 , or said alkyl claim 2 , alkenyl claim 2 , cycloalkyl claim 2 , cycloalkenyl claim 2 , aromatic claim 2 , aromatic substituted by aliphatic or aromatic substituted by halo or hydroxyl claim 2 , or said alkyl claim 2 , alkenyl claim 2 , cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl which contains in a chain otherwise composed of carbon a heteroatom selected from oxygen or nitrogen.4. The detergent composition according to wherein R1 is independently a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms which is purely hydrocarbon.5. The detergent composition according to claim 2 , wherein the amine component further comprises one or more alkoxylated amides.6. The detergent composition according to claim 2 , wherein the one or more boron compound comprises boric acid.7. The detergent composition according to claim 5 , wherein the one or more boron compound comprises boric acid.8. A composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and the detergent composition according to .9. A composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and the detergent composition according to .10. A composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and the detergent composition according to .11. A composition comprising a fuel and the detergent composition according to .12. A composition ...

Additive mixture for the bactericidal and anticorrosive additization of fuels

An additive mixture for fuels including a) at least one N-formal, b) at least one antioxidant and c) at least one corrosion inhibitor. The additive mixture ensures that the additized fuels and lubricants have biocidal and corrosion-inhibiting additization, especially when they include proportions of renewable raw materials, such as biodiesel, and when they are in contact with copper-containing surfaces.

PLASTICIZED LATEX FORMULATIONS FOR IMPROVED PUMPABILITY

Hydrocarbon streams, such as crude oil streams, may have reduced drag when an effective amount to reduce drag of a drag reducing composition is added to a liquid hydrocarbon, where the drag reducing composition includes a drag reducing latex comprising at least one plasticizer in an amount effective to improve the ability to pump the latex into a hydrocarbon composition or stream with assured flow of the latex. Latex formulations are known to cause agglomerated particles during pumping operations, and the agglomerated hard particles tend to plug check valves in injection pump equipment, but the inclusion of at least one plasticizer reduces or prevents such problems. 1. A hydrocarbon composition having reduced drag comprising:a liquid hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of crude oil, heavy oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, naphtha, asphalt, and mixtures thereof; and 'a drag reducing latex comprising at least one plasticizer in an amount effective to improve the ability to pump the drag reducing latex into the liquid hydrocarbon.', 'an effective amount of a drag reducing composition to reduce the drag of the liquid hydrocarbon, the drag reducing composition comprising2. The hydrocarbon composition of where the weight ratio of the at least one plasticizer to drag reducing latex ranges from about 1/99 to about 30/70.3. The hydrocarbon composition of where:the drag reducing latex comprises a polymer having at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, C1 to C6 alcohol esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, styrene, acrylic acid, and combinations thereof; andthe at least one plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, esters, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, paraffinic and isoparaffinic solvents, white and mineral ...

Low Ash Lubricant and Fuel Additive Comprising Polyamine

A metal-free detergent and antioxidant additive comprising the reaction product of an acidic organic compound, a boron compound, a polyamine such as polyethylene imine, and optionally an alkoxylated amine and/or an alkoxylated amide, is provided. The additives of the present invention have higher TBN than similar compounds known in the art. 1. A reaction product of one or more carboxlyic acid , one or more boron compound , one or more polyamine comprising 4 or more amine containing monomer units , and optionally one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated amines and alkoxylated amides , wherein the reaction product is a metal free detergent.3. The reaction product according to claim 2 , wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of mono-alkyl substituted salicylic acids and di-substituted salicylic acids.4. The reaction product according to wherein the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of poly-alkyleneamines claim 1 , poly-oxyalkyleneamines and poly-alkylphenoxyaminoalkanes.5. The reaction product according to wherein the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of poly-alkyleneamines claim 2 , poly-oxyalkyleneamines and poly-alkylphenoxyaminoalkanes.6. The reaction product according to wherein the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of poly-alkyleneamines claim 3 , poly-oxyalkyleneamines and poly-alkylphenoxyaminoalkanes.7. The reaction product according to claim 1 , wherein the boron compound is selected from the group consisting of boric acid claim 1 , trialkyl borates claim 1 , alkyl boric acids claim 1 , dialkyl boric acids claim 1 , boric oxide claim 1 , boric acid complex claim 1 , cycloalkyl boric acids claim 1 , dicycloalkyl boric acids claim 1 , diaryl boric acids claim 1 , and substitution products of the foregoing with alkoxy groups claim 1 , alkyl groups claim 1 , alkyl groups.8. The reaction product according to claim 2 , wherein the boron compound is selected from the ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS AND USES RELATING THERETO

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): 2. A method of preparing a quaternary ammonium salt , the method comprising reacting (a) a tertiary amine of formula RRRN with (b) an acid-derived alkylating agent in the presence of (c) a compound of formula HOOCXCOO—(RO)—R , wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group , Ris hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl , alkenyl or aryl group , and n is 0 or a positive integer , provided that n is not 0 when Ris hydrogen.3. A method according to wherein component (b) is an epoxide.5. A composition according to wherein the composition is an additive composition for a fuel or lubricating oil.6. A composition according to wherein the composition is a fuel composition claim 4 , preferably a diesel fuel composition.9. A salt claim 4 , composition claim 4 , method or use according to any preceding claim wherein HOOCXCOO—(RO)—Ris derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride.10. A salt claim 4 , composition claim 4 , method or use according to any preceding claim wherein each Ris ethylene or propylene claim 4 , preferably —CHCH— or —CH(CH)CH— claim 4 , more preferably —CH(CH)CH—.11. A salt claim 4 , composition claim 4 , method or use according to any preceding claim wherein Ris hydrogen and n is at least 1.12. A salt claim 4 , composition claim 4 , method or use according to any of to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms and n is from 0 to 40.13. A salt claim 4 , composition claim 4 , method or use according to any preceding claim wherein each of Rand Ris independently an optionally substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.14. A salt claim 4 , composition claim 4 , method or use according to any preceding claim wherein Ris an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.17. A salt claim 4 , composition claim 4 , method or use according to any preceding claim wherein X is an optionally substituted ...