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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 4139. Отображено 100.
15-03-2012 дата публикации

method for the thermal treatment of biomass in connection with a boiler plant

Номер: US20120060412A1
Автор: Markku Raiko
Принадлежит: METSO POWER OY

The invention relates to the improvement of the fuel-properties of biomass in an integrated manner to facilitate storage, shipping and applicability thereof. In the process, biomass ( 6 ) is thermally treated within a combustion process to cause partial torrefaction of the organic matter present in biomass, thus yielding components inert to biological decomposition processes. Constituents ( 10 ) separated in gaseous form are utilized as fuel, while the thermally treated biomass ( 8 ) remaining in the solid form is utilized in a separate process.

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Номер записи: 1
26-04-2012 дата публикации

Process for purifying solid carboniferous fuels prior to combustion, liquefaction or gasification using a rotary chamber

Номер: US20120096764A1
Автор: Peter Rugg
Принадлежит: Individual

Solid carboniferous fuels contain varying quantities of moisture, mercury, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, heavy metals and other materials that attain vapor pressure at elevated temperatures. The cost effective removal of these degrading and sometimes hazardous materials is important to the further use of the fuel for combustion as a solid, liquid, or gas. The solid fuel is cut, shredded, ground or sieved to appropriate size, and heated in a chamber that can exclude oxygen and air thus preventing ignition. The unwanted materials are driven in the gaseous state and extracted for disposal. The solid fuel cleaned of pollutants exits the chamber and is cooled below ignition temperature prior to contact with oxygen. The solid fuel thus purified is more appropriate for combustion, liquefaction or gasification due to the reduced costs in use as a fuel or in the post combustion clean up.

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Номер записи: 2
17-05-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel

Номер: US20120117815A1
Автор: James Braig R., Mark Wechsler
Принадлежит: RENEWABLE FUEL TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Embodiments presented herein describe an apparatus and method to control the conversion of carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and those biomass resources, into a high performance solid fuel. This method, and the apparatus described as the means to accomplish this method, provides a process having a control system that enables the system to produce a fuel of uniform quality, even with a change in biomass supply.

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Номер записи: 3
05-07-2012 дата публикации

Biochar Process and Apparatus

Номер: US20120168297A1
Автор: Russell Burnett
Принадлежит: Biochar Energy Systems Pty Ltd

A pyrolysis apparatus for processing carbon rich precursor feedstock into carbon rich biochar and associated carbon rich by-products includes a combustion chamber for high temperature low oxidative combustion of the feedstock having an inlet for the feedstock at a first end and outlet for the biochar at a second end; a heater to heat the combustion chamber; at least one gaseous outlet positioned between the first and second ends and communicating with an interior of the chamber, each of the gaseous outlets provided with an air venturi to control extraction of pyrolysis gas generated within the combustion chamber.

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Номер записи: 4
23-08-2012 дата публикации

Commingled Coal and Biomass Slurries

Номер: US20120210631A1
Автор: Andres Aguirre, Chan Seung Park, Joseph M. Norbeck
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

An energy efficient process for converting biomass into a higher carbon content, high energy density slurry. Water and biomass are mixed at a temperature and under a pressure that are much lower than in prior processes, but under a non-oxidative gas, which enables a stable slurry to be obtained containing up to 60% solids by weight, 20-40% carbon by weight, in the slurry. The temperature is nominally about 200° C. under non-oxidative gas pressure of about 150 psi, conditions that are substantially less stringent than those required by the prior art. In another embodiment, the biomass water slurry can be mixed with a coal water slurry to further optimize the carbon content and pumpability of the biomass shiny.

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Номер записи: 5
27-09-2012 дата публикации

Method of production of fuels from biomass, from low quality coals and from wastes, residues and sludges from sewage treatment plants

Номер: US20120240457A1
Автор: Emmanouil Koukios
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention concerns a method for the removal of inorganic components such as potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and heavy metals, from biomass of rural or forest or urban origin or even mixture of different origin biomasses, from low quality coals such as peat, lignite and sub-bituminous/bituminous coals, from urban/industrial origin residues/wastes, which are possible to include as much organic—>5% weight—as inorganic—<95% weight—charge and from sewage treatment plant sludges. The desired goal is achieved with the physicochemical treatment of the raw material. The method can also include the thermal treatment, which can precede or follow the physicochemical one. The application of the thermal treatment depends on the nature and the particular characteristics of each raw material as well as on the feasibility analysis of the whole process in order to determine the optimization point in each case.

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Номер записи: 6
25-10-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by means of torrefaction and crushing

Номер: US20120266485A1
Автор: Ralf Abraham, Ralf Schaefer, Stefan Hamel
Принадлежит: PROACTOR SCHUTZRECHTSVERWALTUNGSGMBH, THYSSENKRUPP UHDE GMBH

An apparatus and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by torrefaction. The apparatus including an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements which is temperature resistant up to 350 degrees Celsius, a feed device for hot circulation gas in the lower region of the impact reactor, a feed device for solid or paste-like raw energy materials in the head region of the impact reactor. The apparatus further including at least one withdrawal device for a gas flow having comminuted and torrefacted raw energy particles and a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and torrefacted raw energy particles from the gas flow taken out of the impact reactor.

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Номер записи: 7
06-12-2012 дата публикации

Coal processing to upgrade low rank coal having low oil content

Номер: US20120305379A1
Автор: Deane A. Horne, Dennis W. Coolidge, Ronn G. Smith
Принадлежит: MR&E Ltd

A method of treating untreated low calorific coal containing moisture and organic volatiles includes feeding untreated coal to a dryer, and drying the coal. The dried coal is subjected to a pyrolyzing step where oxygen-deficient gases are brought into contact with the coal, thereby lowering the volatile content of the coal and producing a stream of pyrolysis effluent gases. The pyrolysis effluent gases are subjected to a separation process to separate lean fuel gases from liquids and tars, wherein the separation process removes less than about 20 percent of the pyrolysis effluent gases as the liquids and tars, with the remainder being the lean fuel gases. The lean fuel gases are returned to the dryer combustor, the pyrolyzer combustor, or the pyrolyzer.

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Номер записи: 8
20-12-2012 дата публикации

Hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment of biomass

Номер: US20120317873A1
Автор: Glenn Charles Komplin, John Anthony Smegal, Joseph Broun Powell, Kimberly Ann Johnson
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to less than 300° C. in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 9
27-12-2012 дата публикации

Pyrolysis of Biomass

Номер: US20120324785A1
Автор: Garth Philip Wilton Way, Lee Mcmahon, Rodney Taylor
Принадлежит: Energy Environmental Ltd

A method of treating biomass material, particularly plant-derived biomass material, to produce pyrolysis thereof, comprising subjecting the biomass material to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwave radiation, while the material is being agitated, under suitable conditions to produce a desired degree of pyrolysis.

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Номер записи: 10
14-03-2013 дата публикации

Process for treating coal using multiple dual zone steps

Номер: US20130062186A1
Автор: Franklin G. Rinker
Принадлежит: Individual

A process for treating agglomerating coal includes drying coal in a drying step, and treating the dried coal in an oxidizing step to form oxides sufficient to convert the coal into a substantially non-agglomerating coal. The oxidized coal is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis step to form coal char, and the coal char is cooled. At least one of the drying, oxidizing, and pyrolyzing steps is a dual zone step, with the dual zone step having a first zone and a second zone, with the temperature of the second zone being higher than that of the first zone.

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Номер записи: 11
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Biofuel pyrolysis device and methods of use thereof

Номер: US20130228443A1
Автор: Edward DEPOULI
Принадлежит: Individual

Described herein are biofuel pyrolysis devices and methods of use thereof. The devices described herein include a reactor having a plurality of chambers wherein the chambers of the reactor can be arranged to have at least one aerobic chamber and anaerobic chamber. In certain aspects, the devices described herein can be used for distilling biomass and for potentially generating torrefied products, which include, but are not limited to, torrefied biomass. In certain aspects, the method describe herein include, but are not limited to, introducing biomass onto at least one tray of a plurality of trays in a first chamber of the reactor, heating the biomass in the first chamber with heated vapor from at least one vapor inlet, and transferring the biomass from an upper tray to at least one of the following: a lower tray, a biomass outlet, another chamber (i.e., at least a second chamber), or any combination thereof.

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Номер записи: 12
12-09-2013 дата публикации

Process For Improving Recovery of Condensable Hydrocarbons From Coal

Номер: US20130233692A1
Автор: Franklin G. Rinker
Принадлежит: C2O Technologies LLC

A process for treating coal includes introducing coal into a chamber and passing an oxygen deficient sweep gas into contact with the coal, the sweep gas being at a higher temperature than the temperature of the coal so that heat is supplied to the coal. The process further includes providing additional heat to the coal indirectly by heating the chamber, wherein the heating of the coal by the sweep gas and by the indirect heating from the chamber causes condensable volatile components to be released into the sweep gas. The proportion of heat supplied to the coal by the sweep gas is less than 40% of the total heat supplied to the coal. The sweep gas is then removed from the chamber and treated to remove condensable components of the coal.

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Номер записи: 13
19-09-2013 дата публикации

COAL DEACTIVATION APPARATUS

Номер: US20130239471A1
Автор: Omoto Setsuo, Sato Keiichi, Tanizaki Keiji
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

The coal deactivation apparatus including: a separating device that separates out a portion of the beneficiated coal deactivated in the main treatment apparatus; a main evaluation apparatus into which the sample of the beneficiated coal separated out by the separating apparatus is supplied; a blower and heater that supply air at the evaluation temperature to the main evaluation apparatus; a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the air that has heat-treated the sample in the main evaluation apparatus; and a control unit that, when the temperature of the air is at or below the lower limit on the basis of information from the temperature sensor, determines whether or not the temperature of the process gas is at or below the lower limit and if the process gas temperature exceeds the lower limit, controls the heater to reduce the temperature of the process gas by a prescribed value. 15-. (canceled)6. A coal inactivation system configured to inactivate coal by heating the coal with a treatment gas containing oxygen , the coal inactivation system comprising:a treatment apparatus body, to inside of which the coal is supplied;treatment gas-supply means configured to supply the treatment gas to the inside of the treatment apparatus body;treatment gas-oxygen concentration-adjustment means configured to adjust an oxygen concentration Oc in the treatment gas;treatment gas-temperature-adjustment means configured to adjust a temperature Tc of the treatment gas;fractionation means configured to fractionate a portion of the coal inactivated in the treatment apparatus body;an evaluation apparatus body, to inside of which a sample of the coal fractionated by the fractionation means is supplied;test gas-supply means configured to supply a test gas having an evaluation temperature Tt to the inside of the evaluation apparatus body;test gas-temperature-detection means configured to detect a temperature Te of the test gas having heated the sample in the evaluation apparatus ...

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Номер записи: 14
24-10-2013 дата публикации

System and method for purifying solid carboniferous fuels, using a rotary chamber, prior to chemical looping combustion

Номер: US20130277198A1
Автор: Peter Rugg
Принадлежит: Individual

Solid carboniferous fuels contain varying quantities of moisture, mercury, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, heavy metals and other materials that attain vapor pressure at elevated temperatures. The cost effective removal of these degrading and sometimes hazardous materials is important to the further use of the fuel for combustion as a solid, liquid, or gas. The solid fuel is cut, shredded, ground or sieved to appropriate size, and heated in a chamber that can exclude oxygen and air thus preventing ignition. The unwanted materials are driven in the gaseous state and extracted for disposal. The solid fuel cleaned of pollutants exits the chamber and is cooled below ignition temperature prior to contact with oxygen. The solid fuel thus purified is more appropriate for combustion, liquefaction or gasification due to the reduced costs in use as a fuel or in the post combustion clean up.

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Номер записи: 15
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Method for evaporating and dehydrating solid material

Номер: US20130340274A1
Автор: Bin Xu, Hongsong Ma, Lalin Chu
Принадлежит: Individual

Disclosed is a method for evaporating and dehydrating a solid material; the method comprises: providing a plurality of digesters, with the digesters being in a parallel connection with respect to the flow direction of the solid material, wherein each digester repeatedly performs the arranged steps of step-by-step heating and evaporating and dehydrating the solid material from low temperatures to high temperatures in a time sequence. The solid material is brown coal. The quality of the brown coal is improved by the method.

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Номер записи: 16
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods

Номер: US20130341569A1
Автор: John T. Turner, Robert S. Ampulski, Wayne W. Simmons
Принадлежит: Sundrop Fuels Inc

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

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Номер записи: 17
30-01-2014 дата публикации

COMPLEX SYSTEM FOR UTILIZING COAL IN MANUFACTURE OF CHAR AND RAW MATERIAL GAS AND ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

Номер: US20140030155A1
Автор: Harada Tatsuro, Hayashi Jun-Ichiro, Matsuda Seiichiro, Matsushita Yohsuke, Mochida Isao, Noguchi Toshiro, Yamamoto Tsuyoshi
Принадлежит:

Most of the abundant naturally occurring low rank coal, which has a high moisture content and a high oxygen content, is transported with poor efficiency; utilized for heating with degraded thermal efficiency because of the loss of heat due to sensible heat for heating moisture and latent heat for vaporizing moisture; and utilized in existing coal combustion facilities with difficulty due to a high volatile component content. A complex system of the present invention for utilizing coal for manufacture of char and raw material gas and electric power generation is adopted to include: a drying unit for drying low rank coal of a high moisture content; a reformer for reforming the low rank coal that has been dried in the drying unit; a fluidized bed combustor for employing, as a fuel, the reformed coal obtained in the reformer; a producer gas supply pipe for supplying a combustion exhaust gas from the fluidized bed combustor as a pyrolytic and gasifying agent to the reformer; and a catalyst reforming unit for reforming a volatile component and the producer gas obtained from the low rank coal reformed in the reformer. 14-. (canceled)5. A complex system comprising:a drying unit for drying low rank coal of a high moisture content;a reformer for reforming the low rank coal that has been dried in the drying unit;a fluidized bed combustor for employing, as a fuel, the reformed coal obtained in the reformer;a producer gas supply pipe for supplying a combustion exhaust gas from the fluidized bed combustor as a pyrolytic and gasifying agent to the reformer; anda catalyst reforming unit for reforming a volatile component and the combustion exhaust gas obtained from the low rank coal reformed in the reformer.6. The complex system according to claim 5 , further comprising:a pyrolysis unit for allowing an ascending flow of the combustion exhaust gas from the fluidized bed combustor to decompose the low rank coal supplied from the drying unit at a pyrolysis temperature of from 300° C. ...

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Номер записи: 18
13-03-2014 дата публикации

PRE-BURNING, DRY PROCESS METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCING METTALLURGICAL SOLID FUEL PROPERTIES

Номер: US20140070116A1
Автор: Aten Jed A., Ginther Neil E., Wang Ru T., Weinberg Jerry L.
Принадлежит: CoalTek, Inc.

Measurements are taken of moisture, BTU/lb (British Thermal Units per pound), ash, forms of sulfur, volatile material, grindability, and absorption properties of any of a wide variety of mine-run solid fuels. Using that information, a dry electromagnetic process technology has been developed that can be controlled and monitored to selectively alter and enhance metallurgical solid fuel properties. Specific changes include altering the mechanical structure and chemical composition of solid fuels such as coal, coal coke or petroleum coke, increasing the BTU/lb to optimum levels, decreasing all forms of sulfur, and decreasing ash, while maintaining the BTU/lb of the fuels. A new family of solid fuel designer coals not found in nature can be produced via these methods and apparatus. 120.-. (canceled)21. A system comprising:means for receiving a desired end condition of a solid fuel;means for determining a duration and a power level of a microwave emission for each of a series of microwave generators based on the desired end condition; andmeans for sequentially irradiating the solid fuel with the microwave emissions from the series of microwave generators at the determined power levels for the determined durations, thereby processing the solid fuel to the desired end condition,wherein the duration and the power level of the microwave emissions for each of the series of microwave generators is changed based on maintaining a measured solid fuel temperature not exceeding about 100 degrees Celsius during processing.22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the solid fuel temperature during treatment is about 70 degrees Celsius to about 100 degrees Celsius.23. The system of claim 21 , wherein a plurality of power levels are employed in a pre-determined sequence to obtain a targeted release of different components from solid fuel.24. The system of claim 21 , wherein the solid fuel is coal.25. The system of claim 24 , wherein the solid fuel is not in the form of a slurry.26. The ...

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Номер записи: 19
06-01-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION AND WET OXIDATION OF SLUDGE

Номер: US20220002176A1
Автор: Lundqvist Fredrik, Odén Erik, Ohman Fredrik
Принадлежит:

There is provided a method of hydrothermal carbonization of a sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, comprising the steps of: preheating the sludge with at least one first steam fraction to obtain a preheated sludge; further heating the preheated sludge with a second steam fraction to obtain a heated sludge; subjecting the heated sludge to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a reactor to obtain a HTC-treated slurry; mixing the HTC-treated slurry with an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen gas, to obtain a wet-oxidized slurry; subjecting the wet-oxidized slurry to flashing to obtain the second steam fraction and a pre-cooled slurry; subjecting the pre-cooled slurry to flashing in at least one step to obtain the at least one first steam fraction and a cooled slurry; separating the cooled slurry into a liquid fraction and a solids fraction; and routing the liquid fraction to the wastewater treatment plant for further treatment, wherein the second steam fraction is used for heating preheated sludge to the temperature of the HTC reaction. A corresponding system is also provided. 1. A method of hydrothermal carbonization of a sludge from a wastewater treatment plant , comprising the steps of:preheating the sludge with at least one first steam fraction to obtain a preheated sludge;further heating the preheated sludge with a second steam fraction to obtain a heated sludge;subjecting the heated sludge to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a reactor to obtain a HTC-treated slurry;mixing the HTC-treated slurry with an oxidizing agent to obtain a wet-oxidized slurry;subjecting the wet-oxidized slurry to flashing to obtain the second steam fraction and a pre-cooled slurry;subjecting the pre-cooled slurry to flashing in at least one step to obtain the at least one first steam fraction and a cooled slurry;separating the cooled slurry into a liquid fraction and a solids fraction; androuting the liquid fraction to the wastewater treatment plant for further treatment,wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 20
07-01-2016 дата публикации

ASHLESS-COAL PRODUCTION DEVICE, AND ASHLESS-COAL PRODUCTION METHOD

Номер: US20160002551A1
Автор: Hamaguchi Maki, KINOSHITA Shigeru, Okuyama Noriyuki, SAKAI Koji, Yoshida Takuya
Принадлежит:

A production apparatus of an ashless coal includes a preheater, an extraction tank, a feed pipe, a solid-liquid separator and a solvent separator. The preheater heats a solvent. The extraction tank extracts a coal component soluble in the solvent from a slurry including a mixture of a coal and the solvent heated by the preheater. The coal feeding unit feeds the coal to the feed pipe by pressuring a feed part to the feed pipe such that the solvent does not flow back. The solid-liquid separator separates a solution part containing the coal component from the slurry. The solvent separator evaporates and separates the solvent from the solution part to obtain an ashless coal. 1. A production apparatus of an ashless coal , comprising:a preheater that heats a solvent;an extraction tank that extracts a coal component soluble in the solvent from a slurry comprising a mixture of a coal and the solvent which has been heated by the preheater;a feed pipe one end of which is connected to the extraction tank through the preheater;a coal feeding unit that feeds the coal to the feed pipe by pressuring a feed part to the feed pipe such that the solvent does not flow back, the coal feeding unit being connected to the feed pipe on a downstream side of the preheater;a solid-liquid separator that separates a solution part containing the coal component from the slurry from which the coal component has been extracted in the extraction tank; anda solvent separator that evaporates and separates the solvent from the solution part which has been separated by the solid-liquid separator to obtain an ashless coal.2. The production apparatus of an ashless coal according to claim 1 , further comprising a pump that is provided in the feed pipe on an upstream side of the coal feeding unit and transports the solvent to the extraction tank in a turbulent flow state.3. The production apparatus of an ashless coal according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the solvent which has been heated by the ...

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Номер записи: 21
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for Preparing Fuel From Biomass

Номер: US20160002555A1
Автор: Rune Brusletto, Wolfgang Plückhahn
Принадлежит: Arbaflame Technology As

Method and apparatus for preparation of fuel from biomass wherein the biomass is subjected to a heat treatment in a temperature range from 150 to 300 C, in a reactor pressurized with steam and air, wherein the pressure at completed treatment is released. The volume increase of steam and other gases from the pressure release is temporarily accumulated in a container of a flexible volume while steam and other gases are subjected to heat exchange in at least one heat exchanger so that condensable gases are condensed and release their heat of condensation in the at least one heat exchanger.

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Номер записи: 22
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Номер: US20180002607A1
Автор: Anders Jensen, Anker Degn Jensen, Joachim Bachmann Nielsen
Принадлежит: Danish Technical University, KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin-rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre-solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

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Номер записи: 23
13-01-2022 дата публикации

Methods for Separating and Dewatering Fine Particles

Номер: US20220010226A1
Автор: Roe-Hoan Yoon
Принадлежит: Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc

A process for cleaning and dewatering hydrophobic particulate materials is presented. The process is performed in in two steps: 1) agglomeration of the hydrophobic particles in a first hydrophobic liquid/aqueous mixture; followed by 2) dispersion of the agglomerates in a second hydrophobic liquid to release the water trapped within the agglomerates along with the entrained hydrophilic particles.

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Номер записи: 24
08-01-2015 дата публикации

Process for Production of Low Ash Clean Coal from High Ash Coal with Total Solvent Recovery

Номер: US20150007494A1
Автор: Banerjee Pradip Kumar, Biswas Pinakpani, Chandaliya Vimal Kumar
Принадлежит: Tata Steel Limited

A process to produce low ash clean coal from high ash coal with substantially complete solvent recovery, the process including: forming a slurry of coal fines in a N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and Ethylenediamine (EDA) solution; maintaining said slurry in a reactor at a temperature range of 100° C. to 240° C. and a pressure range of 1 to 4 gauge (kg/cm2) for a period of about 15 minutes to 4 hours; separating the produced sample withdrawn from the reactor, one part being a filtrate and the other a reject; feeding the filtrate into an evaporator to recover 80-85% solvent; precipitating the concentrated filtrate material in an anti-solvent tank to separate coal from solvent; separating the coal by filtration, said separated coal having a reduced ash content; feeding the anti-solvent and solvent mixture into a distillation column to separate remaining solvent from the anti-solvent for reuse in the process. 1. An improved process to produce low ash clean coal from high ash coal with substantially complete solvent recovery , the process comprising:{'b': '2', '(i) forming a slurry of coal fines in a solvent solution comprising N-Methyl--pyrrolidone (NMP) and Ethylenediamine (EDA);'}{'sup': '2', '(ii) maintaining said slurry in a reactor at a temperature range of 100° C. to 240° C. and a pressure range of 1 to 4 gauge (kg/cm) for a period of about 15 minutes to 4 hours;'}(iii) separating the produced slurry after withdrawal from the reactor, separation cut size being variable depending on the particle size to be treated including application of the end product, a first part of the separated sample being a filtrate and a second part being a reject;(iv) washing the reject in an anti-solvent by adding the reject to form a reject-anti-solvent mixture;(v) separating the reject-anti-solvent mixture by filtration, said separated reject having a high ash content;(vi) feeding the filtrate into an evaporator to recover 80-85% solvent and form a concentrated filtrate;(vii) ...

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Номер записи: 25
14-01-2016 дата публикации

ROTARY TORREFACTION REACTOR

Номер: US20160010013A1
Автор: Bennett Albert, Thorn Matt, Vander Griend Samuel
Принадлежит:

A device includes a rotary drum and a fluid conduit. The rotary drum has a horizontal rotation axis and the drum has a sealed inlet end and a sealed outlet end. The drum is configured to receive biomass proximate the inlet end and has a discharge port proximate an outlet end. The fluid conduit is disposed along an inner surface of the drum. The fluid conduit is configured to carry heated fluid and has a coupling external to the drum. 1. A method comprising:introducing biomass into an interior of a rotary drum, the rotary drum having a horizontal axis;passing thermal fluid in a conduit disposed on an interior of the drum, the conduit configured to heat the biomass to form torrefied biomass;rotating the rotary drum about the horizontal axis; anddischarging the torrefied biomass from an outlet port of the drum.2. The method of wherein introducing includes supplying through an airlock.3. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping oil.4. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping fluid at a rate in the range of from approximately 100 to 2000 gallons per minute.5. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping fluid having a temperature of approximately 350 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit.6. The method of wherein passing thermal fluid includes pumping fluid having a temperature of approximately 600 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The method of wherein discharging includes dropping through an aperture on a wall of the drum.8. A system comprising:a drum having an inlet end and a discharge end aligned on a horizontal axis, the drum having a structure disposed on an interior of the drum for carrying a plurality of fluid lines, the fluid lines coupled to a rotary joint at the discharge end, the drum having an outlet proximate the discharge end;a material supply unit coupled to the inlet end and configured to provide biomass to the drum;a source for thermal fluid coupled to the rotary joint;a driver configured to rotate the drum about the ...

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Номер записи: 26
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Processed Biochar Pellets from Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containng Feedstock

Номер: US20160010015A1
Автор: Catto Michael L., Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M.
Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A renewable processed biochar pellet composition made with a pelletizing sub-system followed with a heating sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into a pelletizing sub-system and then into a heating sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar pellets having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT), a water content of less than 10 wt %, and an intracellular water-soluble salt content that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biochar pellet composition that comprises a processed biochar made from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock and having characteristics that include an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT), a water content of less than 10 wt %, and an intracellular water-soluble salt content in the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that was the source of the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock, andthe processed biochar pellet is made from unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that is converted into a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with a beneficiation sub-system, into the processed biochar with a heating sub-system, and into the processed biomass pellet with a pelletizing sub-system.2. The composition of wherein the beneficiation sub-system claim 1 , comprises:a. a transmission device configured to convey into a reaction ...

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Номер записи: 27
14-01-2016 дата публикации

High Energy Aggregates of Coal Fines and Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20160010016A1
Автор: Carleton Drew Tait, Douglas M Van Thorre, Michael L Catto, Philip James Scalzo
Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A high energy processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate composition made with a blending sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system and high energy coal is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is blended with sized high energy coal in a blending sub-system to form a blended aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of a coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and at least 10 wt % of a processed biomass comprising a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT) and a water-soluble intracellular salt content that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.

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Номер записи: 28
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Aggregates of Cleaned High Energy Coal Fines and Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20160010017A1
Автор: Catto Michael L., Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M.
Принадлежит: BIOMASS ENERGY ENHANCEMENTS LLC

A processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate composition made with a blending sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system and high energy coal is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to produce a processed biomass with an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT), a water content of below at least 20 wt % and an intracellular water-soluble salt that is at least 60% below that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. High energy un-cleaned coal is sized and passed through a coal cleaning sub-system to result in cleaned high energy coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and a content of sulfur that is at least 50 wt % less than that of the content of sulfur in the coal before it passed through the coal cleaning sub-system. The processed feedstock is sized and blended with the cleaned high energy coal in a blending sub-system to form a blended aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of the cleaned high energy coal and at least 10 wt % of the processed biomass. 1. A composition , comprising:a processed biomass/coal blended compact aggregate that comprises at least 10 wt % of a coal having an energy density of at least 21 MMBTU/ton (24 GJ/MT) and a content of sulfur that is at least 50 wt % less than that of the content of sulfur in the coal before it passed through a coal cleaning sub-system, and at least 10 wt % of a processed biomass comprising a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock with characteristics that include an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (19 GJ/MT) and a water-soluble intracellular salt content that is decreased more than 60 wt % on a dry basis for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that was the source of the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock,the processed biomass/coal blended compact ...

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Номер записи: 29
10-01-2019 дата публикации

ARRAY FOR PROCESSING MATERIALS

Номер: US20190010662A1
Автор: Masterman Thomas Craig, Medoff Marshall, PARADIS Robert
Принадлежит:

Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults. 1. A treatment operating unit , comprising:a plurality of enclosure systems, each enclosure system including one or more vaults, andwithin each vault, an irradiation device and a treatment conveyor.2. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure systems are arranged in rows.3. The operating unit of claim 2 , wherein the rows extend in a first direction claim 2 , and wherein each enclosure system comprises two or more vaults extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction.4. The operating unit of claim 3 , wherein the first and second vaults of each enclosure share a common wall.5. The operating unit of claim 4 , wherein each first vault is configured to accept untreated biomass from a storage facility claim 4 , and wherein the biomass material is treated in each vault utilizing the irradiation device and the treatment conveyor.6. The operating unit of claim 5 , wherein the first vault of each enclosure system further encloses equipment configured to transfer treated biomass from the first vault to the second vault of the enclosure system.7. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation device comprises an electron accelerator.8. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the treatment conveyor comprises a vibratory conveyor.9. A method for producing treated materials claim 1 , the method comprising;partitioning a material into a plurality of material portions,conveying the material portions into a plurality of first vaults, each first vault accepting one of the material portions,treating the material portions in the vaults,conveying the material portions out of the ...

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Номер записи: 30
15-01-2015 дата публикации

SOLVENT SEPARATION METHOD

Номер: US20150013215A1
Автор: KINOSHITA Shigeru, Okuyama Noriyuki, SAKAI Koji, Yoshida Takuya
Принадлежит: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.)

A method for separating solvent-containing water, which is generated in the process for producing an ashless coal, into a solvent and water readily without using any adsorbent or the like (a solvent separation method). The solvent separation method comprises: a solvent-containing water supply step of supplying the solvent-containing water into a pressure vessel for solvent separation purposes; and a temperature retention step of retaining the temperature of the solvent-containing water that has been supplied into the pressure vessel for solvent separation purposes at a predetermined temperature (e.g., 100 to 180 DEG C. inclusive). In the pressure vessel for solvent separation purposes, water in the liquid form moves downward and the solvent moves upward due to the difference between the density of water and the density of the solvent at the predetermined temperature. In this manner, the solvent-containing water can be separated into the solvent and water.

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Номер записи: 31
03-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SOLID BIOMASS FUEL

Номер: US20220033727A1
Автор: Bai Hong Mei
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for producing a solid biomass fuel from agricultural waste such as grass, rice husk, yam, straw, corn cob or any combination thereof, as well as a solid biomass fuel produced by said process. Additionally, the present invention relates to a combustion process comprising combusting said solid biomass fuel so as to produce energy and a pre-treatment process for pre-treating one or more sources of biomass for use in the production of a solid biomass fuel. 1. A process for producing a solid biomass fuel , wherein the process comprises the following steps:(i) providing one or more sources of biomass with an average particle diameter (D50) of from 30,000 μm to 60,000 μm and a moisture content of less than 50% by weight;(ii) pulverising the one or more sources of biomass to provide a pulverised biomass powder with an average particle diameter (D50) of from 1000 μm to 20,000 μm;(iii) compressing the pulverised biomass powder so as to provide a compressed biomass powder with a moisture content of less than 30% by weight;(iv) drying the compressed biomass powder so as to provide a dried compressed biomass powder;(v) molding the dried compressed biomass powder so as to provide a molded biomass product;(vi) heating the molded biomass product to a temperature of from 160° C. to 420° C. for a time period of from 0.25 to 5 hours so as to provide a solid biomass fuel; and(vii) removing dust particles from the solid biomass fuel.2PennisetumPennisetum sinesePennisetumPennisetum sinese. A process according to claim 1 , wherein (i) the one or more sources of biomass comprise agricultural waste; (ii) the one or more sources of biomass comprise grass claim 1 , rice husk claim 1 , yam claim 1 , straw claim 1 , corn cob claim 1 , or any combination thereof; (iii) the one or more sources of biomass comprise grass in an amount of from 20% to 80% by weight claim 1 , and one or more of rice husk claim 1 , yam claim 1 , straw claim 1 , corn cob claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 32
03-02-2022 дата публикации

A Process for Producing Clean Coal Using Chemical Pre-Treatment and High Shear Reactor

Номер: US20220033728A1
Автор: Chen Tao, Favetta Dino, Tinder Robert
Принадлежит: Controlamatics Corporation

A method of processing raw coal using activation agents (e.g., solvents and extractants) in a high shear reactor, which creates high shearing forces to break apart the coal and selectively extract and remove contaminants such as ash, sulfur, and other heavy metal impurities resulting in clean, high caloric-value coal. 1. A method for producing clean coal comprising:a. grinding coal particles into a dust-like consistency, having a diameter between about 20 μm and 80 μm;b. mixing the ground coal particles with at least one extractant/solvent to produce a coal slurry;c. introducing at least one activation agent, wherein the at least one activation agent selectively removes at least one impurity from the coal slurry;d. introducing the coal slurry into a thin-film shear reactor, wherein the thin-film shear reactor promotes contact of the ground coal particles and the at least one activation agent; ande. introducing a non-polar organic solvent to extract the coal slurry from the at least one impurity,wherein the at least one activation agent and the non-polar organic solvent are introduced in the liquid phase; andwherein extraction of the coal slurry from the at least one impurity yields a processed clean coal.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin-film shear reactor is selected from a group consisting of a spinning disk reactor claim 1 , a cavitation reactor claim 1 , and a combination thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the activation agent is selected from a group consisting of performic acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , sodium hydroxide claim 1 , peracetic acid claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , and any combination thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin-film shear reactor operates in a continuous or semi-continuous manner.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin-film shear reactor is temperature controlled.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 33
18-01-2018 дата публикации

RECONFIGURABLE PROCESSING ENCLOSURES

Номер: US20180016745A1
Автор: Masterman Thomas Craig, Medoff Marshall, PARADIS Robert
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable. 1. A treatment facility comprising:a vault, having walls, ceiling, and a foundation; andwithin the vault, a material conveying system configured to convey biomass under an electron beam, wherein each of the walls comprises a plurality of discrete reconfigurable units and at least one unit of the plurality of units comprises a high Z material.2. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the ceiling comprises a plurality of discrete units.3. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the high Z material is a metal with a Z value above 25.4. The facility as in claim 1 , further comprising an electron irradiation device supported by the ceiling of the vault and disposed to irradiate biomass conveyed by the conveying system.5. The facility as in claim 4 , wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 5 Tons.6. The facility as in claim 4 , wherein the irradiation device weighs at least 10 tons.7. The facility as in claim 4 , wherein the irradiation device weighs between about 5 and about 20 tons.8. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the foundation comprises a concrete slab.9. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls comprise interlocking blocks.10. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls support a network of I-beams and the network of I-beams supports ceiling panels.11. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls claim 1 , ceiling and foundation are at least about 4 feet thick.12. The facility as in claim 1 , wherein the walls claim 1 , ceiling and foundation include concrete and the concrete is selected from the ...

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Номер записи: 34
22-01-2015 дата публикации

COAL DRY DISTILLATION DEVICE

Номер: US20150021158A1
Автор: Nakagawa Keiichi, Omoto Setsuo, SATO Fumiaki
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

The coal dry distillation device is provided with a dry distillation device of their invention main body which is provided with an inner tube to which the dry coal is supplied and an outer tube which covers the inner tube, and which indirectly heats the dry coal in the inner tube by means of a heating gas supplied to the outer tube and generates dry-distilled coal and dry distillation gas. This coal dry distillation device is provided with a mercury adsorption suppressing means which suppresses adsorption of mercury contained in the dry distillation gas into the dry-distilled coal, wherein the mercury adsorption suppressing means is an exhaust tube which discharges a gas inside the inner tube. The gas inlet port of the exhaust tube is arranged in a region between the substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction and the coal heating unit outlet in the inner tube. 1. A coal pyrolysis device including a pyrolysis device main unit including an inner tube to which dried coal is fed and an outer tube which covers the inner tube , and configured to produce pyrolysis coal and pyrolysis gas by indirectly heating the dried coal in the inner tube with heating gas fed into the outer tube , characterized in that the coal pyrolysis device comprises low-mercury-content pyrolysis coal producing means for reducing adsorption of mercury contained in the pyrolysis gas to the pyrolysis coal , or removing the pyrolysis coal to which the mercury has adsorbed , to produce the pyrolysis coal containing a small amount of the mercury.2. The coal pyrolysis device according to claim 1 , characterized in thatthe low-mercury-content pyrolysis coal producing means is a discharge pipe through which to discharge the gas in the inner tube, anda gas inlet port of the discharge pipe is located in the inner tube between a substantially center portion in a longitudinal direction and an exit of a coal heating portion in which the coal is heated by the heating gas.3. The coal pyrolysis ...

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Номер записи: 35
28-01-2016 дата публикации

BIOMASS PYROLYSIS APPARATUS, AND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20160024389A1
Автор: ENDOU Yuuki, Ishikawa Keiichi, YAMAMOTO Hirotami
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES ENVIRONMENTAL & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

Provided is a biomass pyrolysis apparatus comprising: a combustion furnace that produces a heat quantity by causing a stable property fuel to combust; a pyrolysis gasification furnace that produces a torrefied material, and a pyrolysis gas by pyrolyzing woody biomass by a heat quantity produced by the combustion furnace; and a pyrolysis gas introduction passage that introduces the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis gasification furnace into a boiler, into which the torrefied material is introduced. 1. A biomass pyrolysis apparatus comprising:a combustion furnace that produces a heat quantity by causing a stable property fuel to combust;a pyrolysis gasification furnace that produces a torrefied material and a pyrolysis gas by pyrolyzing woody biomass by a heat quantity produced by the combustion furnace; anda pyrolysis gas introduction passage that introduces the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis gasification furnace into a boiler, into which the torrefied material is introduced.2. The biomass pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis gasification furnace is an indirect heating type pyrolysis gasification furnace that indirectly heats the woody biomass by a heating gas.3. The biomass pyrolysis apparatus according to further comprising a control device that controls a temperature of the pyrolysis gasification furnace claim 1 , whereinthe control device controls a temperature of the pyrolysis gasification furnace so that the current value of a pulverizer that pulverizes a torrefied material produced by the pyrolysis gasification furnace is generally in a constant range.4. A power generation system comprising: the biomass pyrolysis apparatus according to ;a boiler in which the torrefied material is introduced and by which the torrefied material is combusted;a steam turbine in which steam produced by the boiler is introduced; anda power generator driven by the steam turbine. The present application is a National Phase of International Application No. ...

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Номер записи: 36
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification System and Process for Conversion of Biomass Feedstocks

Номер: US20180023003A1
Автор: Elliott Douglas C., Hart Todd R., Neuenschwander Gary G.
Принадлежит: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy. 119-. (canceled)20. A continuous biomass conversion process , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;without the aid of gravitational separation, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein prior to continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction claim 20 , further comprising removing solids from the biomass conversion product.22. The process of claim 20 , further comprising combusting the product gas to generate power.23. The process of claim 20 , wherein the product gas comprises one or more of methane claim 20 , hydrocarbons with a carbon number greater than that of methane claim 20 , and carbon dioxide claim 20 , wherein the product gas optionally comprises less than 5% hydrogen by weight.24. A continuous biomass conversion process claim 20 , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass conversion product comprising a bio oil fraction and an aqueous fraction, wherein each fraction is separable from the other fraction;using centrifugal force, continuously separating the bio oil fraction from the aqueous fraction; andconverting at least a portion of the aqueous fraction to a product gas containing a fuel gas.25. The process of claim 24 , wherein the separation is ...

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Номер записи: 37
25-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING NEEDLE COKE FOR LOW CTE GRAPHITE ELECTRODES

Номер: US20180023004A1
Автор: CHANG Ching-Feng, Lewis Irwin C., LEWIS Richard Thomas, Miller Douglas J.
Принадлежит: GrafTech International Holdings Inc.

A method of producing low CTE graphite electrodes from needle coke formed from a coal tar distillate material having a relatively high initial boiling point. 1. A method of creating a low coefficient of thermal expansion graphite electrode , comprising:(a) heating a needle coke precursor comprising at least 80% coal tar distillate having a boiling point of greater than 280° C. under pressure, thereby converting 60-90% of the coal tar distillate into raw coke;(b) calcining the raw coke to create low coefficient of thermal expansion needle coke;(c) milling the needle coke;(d) mixing the milled needle coke with coal tar binder pitch to create a mix;(e) extruding the mix to form a green electrode;(f) baking the green electrode to create a baked electrode; and(g) graphitizing the baked electrode to create a low coefficient of thermal expansion graphite electrode.2. The method of wherein the mixing step contains from about 15% by weight to about 35% by weight coal tar binder pitch.3. The method of wherein the low coefficient of thermal expansion graphite electrode has a coefficient of thermal expansion of from about 0.005 ppm/° C. to about 0.150 ppm/° C.4. The method of further comprising crushing the raw coke of step (a) prior to the calcining of step (b).5. The method of wherein the coal tar distillate has a modified Conradson carbon value of at least about 1%.6. The method of wherein the pressure of step (a) is of from about 20 psig to about 100 psig.7. The method of wherein the pressure is about 50 psig.8. The method of further comprising heating the coal tar distillate of step (a) at a rate of from about 35° C. per hour to about 65° C. per hour.9. The method of further comprising holding the temperature of step (a) for from about 16 hours to about 25 hours.10. The method of wherein the crushed raw coke of step (b) is calcined to a temperature of from about 1300° C. to about 1500° C.11. The method of further comprising calcining the coal tar distillate of step (b) at ...

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Номер записи: 38
25-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TORREFACTION OF BIOMASS WITH A CYCLONIC BED REACTOR

Номер: US20180023013A1
Автор: Prudhomme Guy
Принадлежит:

A system for pre-conditioning of biomass for subsequent torrefaction of the biomass comprises a burner producing combustion gases. A feed screw unit has an inlet for receiving the biomass, an outlet for outletting the biomass, and a feed screw for displacing the biomass from the inlet to the outlet. A sleeve surrounds and is in heat exchange relation with at least part of the feed screw unit. A pneumatic circuit receives combustion gases from the burner, the pneumatic circuit connected to an inlet of the sleeve for directing combustion gases therein to heat the biomass by indirect contact via the heat exchange relation, the pneumatic circuit having a pipe section extending from the outlet of the feed screw unit to a torrefaction reactor with combustion gases flowing from the outlet of the sleeve to the torrefacton reactor to convey the biomass and the combustion gases to the torrefaction reactor. 1. A system for pre-conditioning of biomass for subsequent torrefaction of the biomass comprising:at least one burner producing combustion gases;a feed screw unit having an inlet configured for receiving the biomass, an outlet configured for outletting the biomass, and a feed screw configured for displacing the biomass from the inlet to the outlet;a sleeve surrounding and in heat exchange relation with at least part of the feed screw unit;a pneumatic circuit receiving combustion gases from the at least one burner, the pneumatic circuit connected to an inlet of the sleeve for directing combustion gases therein to heat the biomass in the feed screw unit by indirect contact via the heat exchange relation, the pneumatic circuit having a pipe section extending from the outlet of the feed screw unit to a torrefaction reactor with combustion gases flowing from the outlet of the feed screw unit to the torrefacton reactor to convey the biomass and the combustion gases to the torrefaction reactor.2. (canceled)3. The system according to claim 1 , comprising a rotary valve at the inlet ...

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Номер записи: 39
25-01-2018 дата публикации

A COAL AND OIL CO-HYDROTREATING PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT

Номер: US20180023014A1
Автор: LI Suan
Принадлежит:

An oil-coal co-hydrotreating processing includes the following steps: pulverized coal, vacuum residue and recycle oil are mixed to prepare coal slurry. After mixed with hydrogen, catalyst and additive, oil-coal slurry is preheated into a slurry bed reactor with high reacting pressure for thermal cracking and hydrogenation reaction. After reaction, all the products go into the hot high pressure separator for separation of solid from the bottom and gas from the top. The gas obtained goes into the fixed bed reactor for further hydrocracking or refining, and the distillate obtained enter the fractionating tower. The vacuum gas oil from the bottom of fractionating tower is taken as recycle oil piped to the oil-coal slurry mixing device as solvent. 1. A oil-coal co-hydrotreating processing technology , characterized as the following steps:first of all, pulverizing the coal and drying, wherein the pulverized coal is mixed with one or several of crude oil, atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, FCC slurry oil, deasphalted oil, vacuum gas oil, coal tar in the coal and oil mixing and pulping device to prepare oil-coal slurry; after mixed with hydrogen, catalyst and additive, the oil-coal slurry is preheated into a slurry bed reactor with reacting pressure for thermal cracking and hydrogenation reaction; the coke, asphaltene and heavy metals are adsorbed on the catalyst, additives and unreacted coal in the reaction process; after reaction, all the products go into the hot high pressure separator for separation of solid from the bottom and gas from the top, and the gas goes into the fixed bed reactor for further hydrocracking or refining; distillate obtained enters the fractionating tower, and bottom vacuum gas oil is recycled to the coal and oil mixing and pulping device; wherein the catalyst is a mixture of molybdate and iron, the additive is a sulfurizing reagent, and the reaction pressure in the slurry bed reactor is in the range of 17-20 MPa.2. A oil-coal co-hydrotreating ...

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Номер записи: 40
10-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF ORGANIC WASTE

Номер: US20220041485A1
Автор: Jokela Jari
Принадлежит: EVAC OY

Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes. 110-. (canceled)11. A system for treating organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization , comprising:a source gf organic waste;a wet waste tank for receiving the organic waste;a wet waste mixing tank for mixing the organic waste;a first thermal reactor receiving a first batch of mixed wet waste from the wet waste mixing tank, the first thermal reactor configured to achieve a first thermal hydrolysis process of the first batch of mixed wet waste;a second thermal reactor receiving a second batch of mixed wet waste from the wet waste mixing tank, the second thermal reactor configured to achieve a second thermal hydrolysis process of the second batch of mixed wet waste;a bio-char cooler configured to cool bio-char sludge generated by the first thermal reactor and the second thermal reactor; anda steam conduit provided with a valve connecting the first thermal reactor and the second thermal reactor and configured to supply steam from the first thermal reactor to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner, thereby to provide heat and pressure for a thermal hydrolysis process;wherein a water conduit provided with a pump is connected between the first ...

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Номер записи: 41
10-02-2022 дата публикации

Coconut shell charcoal log

Номер: US20220041947A1
Автор: Britt Reynolds
Принадлежит: Individual

A method for fabricating a coconut shell heat producing device. Heat is applied to coconut shells to form carbonized coconut charcoal pieces. The charcoal pieces are ground to form coconut charcoal powder. A moistened blend is created that includes the coconut charcoal powder, a binder and water. The moistened blend is placed into a press. Pressure is applied in the press to form the moistened blend into the heat providing device. The heat providing device includes at least one hole extending through the device. In a preferred embodiment the heat producing device is a coconut shell charcoal log.

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Номер записи: 42
29-01-2015 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DRYING BIOMASS

Номер: US20150027039A1
Автор: Baughman Timothy, Duerichen Johann, Laskowski Donald, Laskowski Scott
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for drying a biomass or organic material through one or more auger tubes that may be connected in series. Rotation of the augers drives the movement of the material longitudinally through the auger tubes. In addition, the one or more auger tubes are also heated by a hot liquid or water that may be circulated through a jacket(s) surrounding the one or more auger tubes, and a generally longitudinal flow of air or gas through the one or more auger tubes may be caused by operation of a fan or blower. The operation of a dryer apparatus of the present invention may also be monitored and controlled by a computer to optimize or improve drying conditions. Thus, one or more operational parameters of a dryer apparatus may be altered or controlled based on one or more measurements, such as temperature. 1. An apparatus for drying a material comprising:an auger tube, the auger tube having an elongated jacket that surrounds most or all of the auger tube and encloses a jacketed space between the jacket and the auger tube;an auger, the auger being positioned within the interior of the auger tube;an auger motor, the auger motor being physically coupled to the auger for causing rotation of the auger; anda blower, the blower being in fluid communication with the interior of the auger tube for causing a flow of air or gas through the auger tube by operation of the blower,wherein the auger tube has a first end and a second end, the first end and the second end of the auger tube being on opposite longitudinal ends of the auger tube, andwherein the auger tube has an input opening for receiving the material into the interior of the auger tube and an output opening for allowing the material to exit the interior of the auger tube, the input opening being at or near the first end of the auger tube and the output opening being at or near the second end of the auger tube.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the auger tube has a circular ...

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Номер записи: 43
29-01-2015 дата публикации

MODIFIED COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

Номер: US20150027872A1
Автор: Abe Hyota, Nakagawa Keiichi, Omoto Setsuo
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Modified coal production equipment comprising: first oxygen adsorption speed measuring means (-), etc., that sort dried coal () dried in a drying device (), and find the oxygen adsorption speed (Vd) of the dried coal (); second oxygen adsorption speed measuring means (-) that sort modified coal () deactivated by an deactivation treatment device (), and find the oxygen adsorption speed (Vr) of the modified coal (); and an arithmetic control device () that calculates the oxygen adsorption speed ratio (N) from formula (Vr−Vd)/Vd=N, on the basis of Vd and Vr, and, if N>Ns (a standard value), reads from a map the increased oxygen concentration value (Oa) in a processing gas () corresponding to N, calculates a revised oxygen concentration value (Oc) on the basis of the current oxygen concentration value (Op) and Oa, and controls blowers () so as to reach Oc. 1. Upgraded coal production equipment including:drying means for producing dry coal by removing moisture from raw-material coal;pyrolysis means for producing pyrolysis coal by performing pyrolysis on the dry coal; anddeactivation processing means for producing upgraded coal by deactivating the pyrolysis coal by heating with processing gas containing oxygen;first oxygen adsorption rate measuring means for collecting part of the dry coal dried by the drying means and obtaining an oxygen adsorption rate Vd of the dry coal;second oxygen adsorption rate measuring means for collecting part of the upgraded coal deactivated in the deactivation processing means and obtaining an oxygen adsorption rate Vr of the upgraded coal; andmain arithmetic control means for: calculating an oxygen adsorption rate ratio N from the following oxygen adsorption rate ratio calculation formula on the basis of the oxygen adsorption rates Vd, Vr; if the oxygen adsorption rate ratio N is within a range of a standard value Ns, controlling the deactivation processing means such that a deactivation processing condition is maintained; if the oxygen ...

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Номер записи: 44
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Torrefaction of Biomass

Номер: US20210024845A1
Автор: NOLAND Jeffrey
Принадлежит:

A biomass torrefaction system includes a reactor vessel for biomass particles, a burner for combusting one or more fuels to produce a heated gas, a fan for supplying a flow of the heated gas through the reactor vessel to heat the biomass particles, and a controller configured to calculate a torrefaction index according to one or more sensed parameters of the system. The sensed parameter(s) include at least one of a reactor vessel retention time, a reactor vessel temperature difference and a higher heating value (HHV) of a syngas output by the reactor vessel. The controller is also configured to automatically adjust one or more operation values of the system according to the calculated torrefaction index. The operation value(s) include at least one of the reactor vessel retention time, a heating rate of the system, and a mixture of the one or more fuels combusted by the burner. 1. A method for controlling a biomass torrefaction system , the method comprising:conveying biomass particles through a reactor vessel, the reactor vessel including an inlet and an outlet;producing a heated gas using one or more fuels combusted by a burner;supplying, by a fan, a flow of the heated gas through the reactor vessel to heat the biomass particles;calculating, by a controller, a torrefaction index according to one or more sensed parameters of the system, the one or more sensed parameters including at least one of a reactor vessel retention time, a reactor vessel temperature difference and a higher heating value (HHV) of a syngas output by the reactor vessel; andautomatically adjusting, by the controller, one or more operation values of the system according to the calculated torrefaction index, the one or more operation values including at least one of the reactor vessel retention time, a heating rate of the system, and a mixture of the one or more fuels combusted by the burner.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) ...

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Номер записи: 45
02-02-2017 дата публикации

HYDROTHERMALLY CARBONIZED BIOMASS FORMED VIA REACTIVE TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION

Номер: US20170029733A1
Автор: FELIX Larry G.
Принадлежит: GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

A biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material being a product of processing a biomass feed material via a twin screw extruder having a length extending between an inlet and an outlet. Hot water from a water heater is injected into at least one inlet along the length of the twin screw extruder, the at least one inlet generally corresponding with a pressure boundary within the twin screw extruder. A pressure-sustaining valve is connected between the length of the twin screw extruder and the outlet, with the valve being adjusted to produce the biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material. 1. A biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material comprising: hot water from a water heater is injected into at least one inlet along the length of the twin screw extruder,', 'the at least one inlet generally corresponds with a pressure boundary within the twin screw extruder; and', 'a pressure-sustaining valve connected between the length of the twin screw extruder and the outlet is adjusted to produce the biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material., 'a product of processing a biomass feed material via a twin screw extruder having a length extending between an inlet and an outlet and wherein2. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of wherein the biomass feed material comprises a lignocellulosic biomass material.3. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of wherein the lignocellulosic biomass material comprises at least on material selected from the group consisting of wood claim 2 , wood waste claim 2 , agricultural residue and forest residue.4. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of having a moisture content of <5% when dried in room air for 24-48 hrs.5. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of having a molded flexural modulus (psi) of about 700 claim 1 ,000 and a post-cured flexural modulus (psi) of greater than 900 claim 1 ,000.6. The biomass-derived thermosetting polymer material of having a molded flexural strength ( ...

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Номер записи: 46
30-01-2020 дата публикации

DEMINERALIZATION AND UPGRADING OF PETROLEUM COKES

Номер: US20200032155A1
Автор: MANASRAH Abdullah Darweesh, NASSAR Nashaat N., VITALE Gerardo
Принадлежит:

Processes are provided for the oxidative solubilization of metal-containing petroleum cokes in a basic aqueous solution, so as to segregate a solid metal-containing residue from a solubilized and demineralized organics fraction. Oxidation conditions are provided that optimize the yield of soluble partial oxidation products and minimize the generation of CO. In some embodiments, a nanocrystalline copper tetrasilicate oxidation catalyst belonging to the Gillespite group of minerals may be used (Cuprorivaite (CaCuSiO), Wesselsite (SrCuSiO), Effenbergerite (BaCuSiO), or combinations thereof). The pH of the solubilized organics fraction may be reduced, under conditions that precipitate an upgraded carbonaceous material, in some embodiments comprising humic acid analogs, yielding a barren leachate solution. 1. A method of processing petroleum cokes , comprising:providing a solid green petroleum coke comprising a carbonaceous component and a transition metal component, the carbonaceous component comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, wherein the solid green petroleum coke has an elemental composition in wt % of: ≥80 carbon ≤98; ≥1 hydrogen ≤8; ≥2.5 oxygen ≤10; nitrogen ≥0.5; ≥1 sulfur ≤10; ≥0.001 vanadium ≤0.8; ≥0.001 iron ≤0.5; ≥0.001 nickel ≤0.5; ≥0.001 molybdenum ≤0.1; and, ≥0.01 cobalt ≤1;solubilizing a soluble portion of the solid green petroleum coke in a basic subcritical aqueous solubilization liquid under solubilization conditions that comprise a solubilization pressure of at least 500 psi, a solubilization temperature of from 220° C. to 240° C., and an added solubilization base concentration effective to maintain a solubilization pH ≥8, for an effective solubilization time of not more than 2 hours, in the presence of an oxidizing atmosphere comprising more than 21% oxygen, with agitation to generate a stirred reaction region in the solubilization liquid having a Reynolds number of ≥10,000, so as to solubilize at least 75% of the solid green petroleum coke ...

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Номер записи: 47
04-02-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20210032555A1
Автор: Lukas Michael D., Ostvik Bjornulf
Принадлежит:

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120.-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;a first mixer disposed in the cavity;a second mixer disposed in the cavity; andan extruder element disposed in the channel in the cavity.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first mixer and the second mixer each comprise a rotary mixing blade.23. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the extruder element is an extrusion screw.24. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first arcuate inner wall portion has a first radius of curvature and the second arcuate inner wall portion has a second radius of curvature that is larger than the first radius of curvature.25. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell ...

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Номер записи: 48
09-02-2017 дата публикации

Processing materials

Номер: US20170036186A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff, Robert Paradis, Thomas Craig Masterman
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

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Номер записи: 49
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Apparatus for Dewatering and Demineralization of Fine Particles

Номер: US20180036651A1
Автор: Gupta Nikhil, Luttrell Gerald, Yoon Roe-Hoan
Принадлежит:

Hydrophobic particles such as coal and hydrophobized mineral fines can be readily separated from hydrophilic impurities by forming agglomerates in water using a hydrophobic liquids such as oil. The agglomerates of hydrophobic particles usually entrap large amounts of water, causing the moisture of the recovered hydrophobic particles to be excessively high. This problem can be overcome by dispersing the hydrophobic agglomerates in a hydrophobic liquid that can be readily recycled. The dispersion can be achieved using specially designed apparatus and methods that can create a turbulence that can help destabilize the agglomerates in a recyclable hydrophobic liquid and facilitate the dispersion. 137-. (canceled)38. A method of dispersing hydrophobic particles in a hydrophobic liquid , comprising:providing agglomerates of hydrophobic particles including water droplets and hydrophilic mineral matter entrained therein to a container, wherein said container includes a hydrophobic liquid;breaking the agglomerates and liberating the water droplets and hydrophilic mineral matter from said agglomerates by moving the agglomerates through a) a path in a packing material, b) a path in a ragging material, or c) an in-line static mixer;removing the hydrophobic liquid and the hydrophobic particles from the container through a first outlet; anddischarging the water droplets and hydrophilic mineral matter from the container through as second outlet.39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the hydrophobic liquid is pulsed to move the agglomerates up and down through the paths in the packing material.40. The method of claim 38 , wherein said agglomerates are passed through the ragging material by pulsion and suction cycles.41. The method of claim 38 , wherein said agglomerates are water-in-oil emulsion droplets stabilized by hydrophobic particles and suspended in the hydrophobic liquid.42. The method of claim 38 , wherein said agglomerates are stabilized by asphaltenes.43. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 50
08-02-2018 дата публикации

PROCESSING MATERIALS

Номер: US20180038048A1
Автор: Masterman Thomas Craig, Medoff Marshall, PARADIS Robert
Принадлежит:

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described. 1. An apparatus for processing a biomass material , the apparatus comprising:a first treatment cell equipped with a first electron beam device for irradiating a biomass material therein with electron beams;a screw conveyor for cooling and conveying the biomass material from the first treatment cell.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including a second treatment cell equipped with a second electron beam device for further irradiating the biomass material.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the screw conveyor includes interior portions that are cooled.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the interior portions are cooled using a chilled liquid.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the interior portions include a hollow shaft and hollow flight.6. The apparatus of further including a geothermal ground loop for cooling the chilled liquid.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling reduces the temperature of the biomass material by between about 1° C. and 110° C.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling reduces the temperature of the biomass material by between about 10° C. and about 75° C.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling reduces the temperature of the biomass material by between about 10° C. and about 50° C.10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a total dose delivered is between about 1 and 200 Mrad.11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a total dose delivered is between about 10 Mrad and about 50 Mrad.12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a total dose delivered is between about 20 Mrad and about 40 Mrad.13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the biomass material during the irradiation does not exceed about 160° C.14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature ...

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Номер записи: 51
07-02-2019 дата публикации

Processing materials

Номер: US20190039023A1
Автор: Marshall Medoff, Robert Paradis, Thomas Craig Masterman
Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Materials, such as biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. Conveying systems, such as flowing gas conveying systems and such as closed-loop flowing gas conveying systems are described.

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Номер записи: 52
06-02-2020 дата публикации

ENCLOSURES FOR TREATING MATERIALS

Номер: US20200038811A1
Автор: Masterman Thomas Craig, Medoff Marshall, PARADIS Robert
Принадлежит:

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in two or more vaults that can share a common wall. 115-. (canceled)16. A biomass treatment facility , comprising:a first conveying system configured to convey a biomass material through a first enclosure while exposing the biomass material to a first dose of ionizing radiation from a first electron accelerator to produce a first treated biomass material; anda second conveying system configured to convey the first treated biomass material through a second enclosure while exposing the first treated biomass material to a second dose of ionizing radiation from a second electron accelerator to produce a second treated biomass material.17. The facility of claim 16 , wherein the first and second enclosure share a common wall.18. The facility of claim 16 , wherein each accelerator operates at a power of between about 100 kW and about 300 kW.19. The facility of claim 16 , wherein walls of both the first and second enclosures are fabricated from discrete interconnecting blocks configured to provide a photo-tight structure. This application is a continuation of PCT/US14/21604 filed Mar. 7, 2014 which claims priority to the following provisional applications: U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,684, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,773, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,731, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,735, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,740, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,744, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,746, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,750, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,752, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,754, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,775, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S ...

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Номер записи: 53
16-02-2017 дата публикации

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR CARBON HEAT SOURCE

Номер: US20170042226A1
Автор: Akiyama Takeshi, Yamada Manabu
Принадлежит: JAPAN TOBACCO INC.

A manufacturing method for a carbon heat source comprises: a step A1 of forming a first groove in a state where the plurality of carbon members are aligned in one line; a step A2 of changing, subsequent to the step A1 being performed, an orientation of the plurality of carbon members so that the first groove formed in the plurality of carbon members crosses relative to the first predetermined direction in a state where the plurality of carbon members are aligned in one line; and a step A3 of forming, subsequent to the step A2 being performed, a second groove in a state where the plurality of carbon members are aligned in one line. 1. A manufacturing method for a carbon heat source having an ignition end , the ignition end formed with a plurality of respectively crossing grooves , the method comprising:a step A of forming a plurality of grooves at the ignition end of a plurality of carbon members that extend along a longitudinal axis direction from the ignition end toward a non-ignition end and that have a pillar-like profile, wherein a step A1 of forming a first groove along a first predetermined direction by bringing the ignition end of each of the plurality of carbon members into contact with a first groove cutting member in a state where the plurality of carbon members are aligned in one line along the first predetermined direction while transporting the plurality of carbon members along the first predetermined direction;', 'a step A2 of changing, subsequent to the step A1 being performed, an orientation of the plurality of carbon members so that the first groove formed in the plurality of carbon members crosses relative to the first predetermined direction in a state where the plurality of carbon members are aligned in one line while transporting the plurality of carbon members; and', 'a step A3 of forming, subsequent to the step A2 being performed, a second groove crossing the first groove along a second predetermined direction by bringing the ignition end of ...

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Номер записи: 54
06-02-2020 дата публикации

WOOD PROCESSING METHOD

Номер: US20200040273A1
Автор: GRONN Arne Johannes
Принадлежит: GLOMMEN TECHNOLOGY AS

The invention provides a method for generating a solid wood-based material and a hemicellulose-derived material from a wood raw material. The method includes treating the wood raw material under aqueous conditions at elevated temperature and pressure to generate a hemicellulose-containing fluid component and a solid component; separating the fluid component from the solid component; processing at least a part of the solid component into a solid wood-based material; and processing the liquid component into a hemicellulose-derived material. The invention also provides for a wood-derived fuel with a low ash content. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a step of iv) processing said liquid component into a hemicellulose-derived material.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said biomass is a non-wood lignocellulosic material claim 1 , such as straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , stover claim 1 , grass or any mixtures thereof claim 1 , preferably straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , or any mixtures thereof.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said solid biomass-derived material has an ash deformation temperature of at least 1050° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 1100° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 1200° C. claim 1 , more preferably at least 1300° C.5. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said solid biomass-derived material has a chlorine content of 0.2 wt % or less claim 1 , preferably 0.1 wt % or less claim 1 , more preferably 0.08 wt % or less.6. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out in the absence of additives for increasing the ash melting temperature claim 1 , such as mineral agents claim 1 , e.g. calcium carbonate claim 1 , lime or limestone.7. The method of wherein step i) comprises steam treatment claim 1 , or steam explosion claim 1 , of the biomass raw material whereby to generate a steam treated biomass material and optionally washing said treated biomass material with an aqueous material such as ...

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Номер записи: 55
16-02-2017 дата публикации

MODIFIED COAL STORAGE METHOD

Номер: US20170044453A1
Автор: Furuya Atsushi, HIGUCHI Toru, Shigehisa Takuo, TAKAHASHI Yolchl
Принадлежит: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.)

A method for storing a modified coal includes a pile forming step of forming a pile by stacking a blended coal of an agglomerate-shaped coal and a powdery modified coal. The modified coal has a content of particles having a particle diameter of 2 mm or less of 35% by mass or more. The pile formed in the pile forming step has a packing density of 1.0 g/cmor more. 1: A method for storing a modified coal , the method comprisingforming a pile by stacking a blended coal of an agglomerate-shaped coal and a powdery modified coal,wherein:the modified coal has a content of particles having a particle diameter of 2 mm or less of 35% by mass or more; and{'sup': '3', 'the pile has a packing density of 1.0 g/cmor more.'}2: The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , before the forming:agglomerating the modified coal to generate an agglomerated coal and a powdery modified coal;aging the agglomerated coal to generate a powdery modified coal; andblending the powdery modified coal generated in the aging with the agglomerate-shaped coal.3: The method according to claim 2 , further comprising claim 2 , before the forming:blending the powdery modified coal generated in the agglomerating with the agglomerate-shaped coal.4: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pile has an airflow resistance coefficient of 1×10Pa·s/mor more.5: The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pile has an airflow resistance coefficient of 1×10Pa·s/mor more.6: The method according to claim 3 , wherein the pile has an airflow resistance coefficient of 1×10Pa·s/mor more. The present invention relates to a method for storing modified coal.Coal used in a thermal electric power plant, an iron work or the like is usually stored as a pile stacked in an outdoor yard. The coal thus stored produces heat by a reaction with oxygen in the air to sometimes cause spontaneous ignition. In particular, a low-rank coal has high oxidation reactivity because of its porous form and easily produces heat. ...

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Номер записи: 56
15-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ASHLESS COAL

Номер: US20180044603A1
Автор: KINOSHITA Shigeru, Okuyama Noriyuki, SAKAI Koji, Yoshida Takuya
Принадлежит: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.)

A method for producing an ash-free coal includes a step of mixing a coal with a solvent to prepare a slurry; a step of dissolving away a coal component soluble in the solvent, from the coal, by heating the slurry; a step of separating the solution containing the coal component dissolved therein from the slurry after the dissolution; and a step of subjecting the solution separated in the separation step to a vaporization and a separation of the solvent to obtain an ash-free coal. The separation step and the dissolution step are simultaneously performed. 1. A method for producing an ash-free coal , the method comprising:mixing a coal with a solvent to thereby prepare a slurry;dissolving away a coal component soluble in the solvent, from the coal, by heating the slurry;separating a solution comprising the coal component dissolved therein, from the slurry; andsubjecting the solution obtained after said separating to a vaporization and a separation to remove the solvent to obtain an ash-free coal,wherein said dissolving and said separating are simultaneously performed.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said separating is performed during a temperature rising in said dissolving.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said separating step is performed as a continuous treatment.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein in said separating claim 3 , a solid-liquid separator equipped with a filter cylinder and a helical channel disposed along an inner side surface of the filter cylinder is used.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the filter cylinder is a meshy filter cylinder comprising a metal wire.6. The method according to claim 4 ,wherein the solid-liquid separator is further equipped with a recovery pipe that includes the filter cylinder and recovers the solution, andwherein the recovery pipe has a recovery hole, which discharges the solution, in a side face thereof at an upstream side of the helical channel.7. The method according to claim 4 , ...

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Номер записи: 57
25-02-2016 дата публикации

Gas Collection Apparatus

Номер: US20160053181A1
Автор: Daniel Lennart Ericsson, Jerry Daniel Ericsson
Принадлежит: DIACARBON TECHNOLOGIES Inc

The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.

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Номер записи: 58
03-03-2016 дата публикации

Method for treatment of process water

Номер: US20160060141A1
Автор: Francois Badoux, Jan Vyskocil, Stephan Koehler
Принадлежит: AVA-CO2 SCHWEIZ AG

Within the scope of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, not only the main product, coal, but also the platform chemical 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as furfural and levulinic acid, are formed. These are extracted from the process water of the carbonization reaction. However, in this connection, the problem exists that humic substances deposit on the container walls of the extraction column and can only be removed again by means of great cleaning effort. Furthermore, oligomers clearly worsen the purity of the product. This problem is solved by a filtration cascade through which the process water passes before extraction. In this connection, first the impurities mentioned are removed in a first filtration stage, and the remaining products and educts are separated from one another in a second filtration stage. Only the products are passed to extraction.

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Номер записи: 59
01-03-2018 дата публикации

Pipeline transportation method of coal

Номер: US20180057282A1
Автор: Jun Zhang, Luyang Xie, Xiangshu Zheng, Yongmei Lai, Yusong Zheng
Принадлежит: Yusong Zheng

A pipeline transportation method of coal is provided. The coal is pulverized and then subjected to a waterproofing treatment, so that a time needed for precipitating the pulverized coal in water is longer than a time needed for transporting the pulverized coal by flowing water to a destination. The waterproof pulverized coal is transported by water through a pipeline. After reaching the destination, the waterproof pulverized coal can be separated from the water in a static pool, collected by a cyclone separator, and then stored in a warehouse.

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Номер записи: 60
03-03-2016 дата публикации

Method to Produce Charcoal Without Producing Bio Oil Through Pyrolysis of Woody Biomass

Номер: US20160060555A1
Автор: Talwar Mahesh
Принадлежит:

A biomass processing system produces charcoal briquettes in a closed loop system. The system includes a first and second torrefaction/drying augers drying green raw sawdust and providing the dried material to a carbonizing auger. Charcoal released from the carbonizing auger is formed into charcoal briquettes. Process gas created during the charcoal production is used to provide heat required by the process. 1. A method for producing charcoal , the method comprising:feeding wet biomass to at least one pyrolysis systems;feeding the wet biomass sequentially through two torrefaction/drying sealed augers of the at least one pyrolysis systems;drying the biomass to create dry biomass;feeding the dried biomass through a sealed charcoal discharge auger at least one pyrolysis systems;discharging charcoal from the charcoal discharge auger;carrying the discharged charcoal from the at least one pyrolysis systems to a bulk packaging system;mixing the discharged charcoal with a charcoal binder;forming the mixed charcoal and binder into charcoal briquettes; anddrying the charcoal briquettes.2. The method of claim 1 , further including:separating liquid/gas mixture bio oil produced by the at least one pyrolysis systems are separated into process gas and into condensed liquids; andheating the at least one pyrolysis systems by the process gas.3. The method of claim 2 , further including mixing the condensed liquids with concentrated binder to provide the binder. The present application is a Continuation In Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/140,766 filed Dec. 26, 2013 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/140,956 filed Dec. 26, 2013 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/510,298 filed Oct. 09, 2014, which applications are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference.The present invention relates to charcoal production and in particular to a method for converting woody biomass feed material into useful charcoal briquettes.Biomass is comprised mainly of cellulose, hemi ...

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Номер записи: 61
21-02-2019 дата публикации

INTEGRATED PROCESS AND UNIT OPERATION FOR CONDITIONING A SOOT-CONTAINING SYNGAS

Номер: US20190055487A1
Автор: Coleman Luke, Jankowiak Jerome, Schwartz Joseph, Shah Minish Mahendra
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for conditioning a soot-containing syngas stream in a single integrated apparatus containing a scrubbing vessel wherein particulate matter is decoupled from the waste water stream. 1. An integrated process for conditioning a soot-containing synthesis gas stream , comprising:(a) introducing a raw soot-containing synthesis gas having particulate matter and gaseous contaminants therein at a temperature of less than about 900° F. into a quenching device to reduce the temperature of said synthesis gas to a range of about 250-400° F., thereby forming a two-phase stream;(b) routing the two-phase stream through a first scrubber device to substantially transfer majority of particulate matter from the gas phase to the liquid phase;(c) directing said two-phase stream to a second scrubbing device wherein the two-phase stream is separated into a water phase fluid contaminated with particulate matter and a gas phase fluid having water-soluble contaminants at a lower section of the scrubbing device;(d) cleaning and cooling the gas phase fluid having water-soluble contaminants in an upper section of the second scrubbing device where the gas phase fluid comes in direct contact with process water cooled to a temperature below 150° F. dispensed through a spray nozzle device thereby reducing the temperature of the gas phase fluid below the dew point temperature and removing water soluble impurities and remaining particulate matter therefrom;(e) further routing the cooled and cleaned gas phase fluid of step (d) through a mist eliminating device disposed in the upper section of the second scrubbing device to remove substantially all of the remaining entrained water droplets, thereby producing a cooled and substantially soot free synthesis gas stream.2. The integrated process of claim 1 , further comprising: recycling at least a portion of said water phase fluid contaminated with particulate matter from said second scrubbing device to said ...

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Номер записи: 62
21-02-2019 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ENHANCING THE CARBON CONTENT OF CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIALS

Номер: US20190055488A1
Автор: Yang Tsong-Jen
Принадлежит:

A method of enhancing the carbon content of a carbon-containing material, which includes loading a chamber with a carbon-containing material, evacuating air from the chamber, introducing an inert gas into the chamber, and heating sequentially the chamber at three or more different temperature phases each for a duration of time such that the weight percentage of the carbon in the treated carbon-containing material is increased by 20% or higher, as compared to the untreated carbon-containing material. Further disclosed is a system for performing this method. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing material is coal.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the coal is sub-bituminous coal or lignite.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing material is a carbon-containing lignin waste material.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the carbon-containing lignin waste material is selected from the group consisting of waste wood boards claim 4 , wood chips claim 4 , wood pellets claim 4 , wood bricks claim 4 , palm husks claim 4 , and coconut husks.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing material is rubber tire pellets.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert gas is introduced to the chamber to a pressure of 1-1.5 atm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating process is controlled to increase the temperature at a rate of 5-30° C./min.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the carbon-containing material is sub-bituminous coal or lignite.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the heating step includes sequentially holding the temperature at 200-240° C. for 35-45 minutes claim 10 , holding the temperature at each of 260-300° C. claim 10 , 320-360° C. claim 10 , and 380-420° C. for 25-35 minutes claim 10 , and holding the temperature at 550-900° C. for 30-90 minutes.12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the carbon-containing material is a carbon-containing lignin waste ...

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Номер записи: 63
01-03-2018 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DECREASING EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

Номер: US20180057763A1
Автор: Durham Michael D.
Принадлежит:

Methods and systems for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from a coal-fired power plant by using electrical energy from a renewable energy source to increase the energy density in a beneficiated coal are provided. The system includes at least one renewable energy source; a coal processing plant, wherein the renewable energy source is configured to power a coal beneficiation process; and a coal-fired power plant to combust beneficiated coal to produce electricity on demand with decreased emissions. The non-carbon thermal energy source may include solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, waste energy and combinations of the foregoing. 1. A system for reducing the amount of electricity needed in a coal-fired power plant to beneficiate and reduce the moisture content of coal by using thermal energy from a non-carbon source and increase the energy density of coal prior to combustion comprising:at least one non-carbon thermal energy source;a coal processing plant configured to reduce the moisture content of coal and produce an increased energy density beneficiated coal, wherein said at least one non-carbon thermal energy source is used to reduce an electrical need of the coal processing plant; anda coal-fired power plant configured to combust the increased energy density beneficiated coal thereby producing electricity on demand at an increased efficiency with reduced carbon dioxide emissions from the plant.229.-. (canceled)30. The system of wherein the non-carbon thermal energy source is selected from a solar thermal energy source claim 1 , a geothermal energy source claim 1 , a biomass energy source and combinations of the foregoing.31. The system of further comprising thermal energy from a fossil fuel combustor integrated with the at least one non-carbon thermal energy source and configured to supplement the at least one non-carbon thermal energy source.32. The system of wherein a location of the coal processing plant is selected from a coal mine claim 1 , a coal ...

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Номер записи: 64
01-03-2018 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR STORAGE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INCREASED ENERGY DENSITY COAL

Номер: US20180058265A1
Автор: Durham Michael D.
Принадлежит:

Methods and systems for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from a coal-fired power plant by using thermal energy from a non-carbon source to reduce the amount of electrical energy needed to reduce the moisture content of coal and increase the energy density of coal prior to combustion are provided. The system includes at least one non-carbon thermal energy source; a coal processing plant configured to reduce the moisture content of coal and produce an increased energy density beneficiated coal, wherein said at least one non-carbon thermal energy source is used to reduce an electrical need of the coal processing plant; and a coal-fired power plant configured to combust the increased energy density beneficiated coal thereby producing electricity on demand at an increased efficiency with reduced carbon dioxide emissions from the plant. The renewable energy source is selected from microwave, hydroelectric power, solar power, wind power, and/or wave power. 1. A system for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from a coal-fired power plant by using electrical energy from a renewable electricity source to reduce the amount of electrical energy needed to increase the energy density in a beneficiated coal comprising:at least one renewable electricity energy source;a coal processing plant, wherein the renewable electricity source is configured to power a coal beneficiation process; anda coal-fired power plant configured to combust the increased energy density beneficiated coal thereby producing electricity on demand at an increased efficiency with reduced carbon dioxide emissions from the plant.2. The system of wherein the renewable electricity source is selected from hydroelectric power claim 1 , solar power claim 1 , wind power claim 1 , wave power and combinations of the foregoing.3. (canceled)4. The system of wherein a location of the coal processing plant is selected from a coal mine claim 1 , a coal transportation terminal claim 1 , a coal-fired power plant claim 1 , a same ...

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Номер записи: 65
01-03-2018 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR THE STORAGE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN INCREASED ENERGY DENSITY COAL

Номер: US20180058266A1
Автор: Durham Michael D.
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide associated with coal fired power plants by using electricity from a nuclear power plant to power a coal processing plant that reduces the moisture content of coal resulting in an increased energy density beneficiated coal are provided. The system includes a source of electricity from a nuclear power plant; a coal processing plant configured to reduce the moisture content of the coal by a beneficiation process to produce an increased energy density coal; and a coal-fired power plant configured to convert the increased energy density coal to electricity on demand at a higher efficiency with reduced emissions of carbon dioxide. 1. A system to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide associated with coal fired power plants by using electricity from a nuclear power plant to power a coal processing plant that reduces the moisture content of coal resulting in an increased energy density beneficiated coal comprising:a source of electricity from a nuclear power plant;a coal processing plant configured to reduce the moisture content of the coal by a beneficiation process to produce an increased energy density coal; anda coal-fired power plant configured to convert the increased energy density coal to electricity on demand at a higher efficiency with reduced emissions of carbon dioxide.2. (canceled)3. The system of wherein the coal processing plant is configured to utilize energy selected from microwave energy and mechanical energy including compression to reduce the moisture content of the coal.4. The system of further comprising electricity from a renewable electrical energy source selected from hydroelectric power claim 1 , solar power claim 1 , wind power claim 1 , and wave power claim 1 , and combinations thereof configured to supplement the electricity generated by the source of nuclear energy for beneficiating and drying the coal.5. (canceled)6. The system of further comprising a supplemental source of thermal ...

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Номер записи: 66
22-05-2014 дата публикации

METHOD OF ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF HIGH-MOISTURE MATERIALS USING SYSTEM HEAT SOURCES

Номер: US20140141381A1
Автор: Bullinger Charles W., James Dennis R., Levy Edward K., Ness Mark A., Sarunac Nenad, Weinstein Richard S.
Принадлежит: GREAT RIVER ENERGY

The present invention harvests and utilizes fluidized bed drying technology and waste heat streams augmented by other available heat sources to dry feedstock or fuel. This method is useful in many industries, including coal-fired power plants. Coal is dried using the present invention before it goes to coal pulverizers and on to the furnace/boiler arrangement. Coal can be intercepted on current coal feed systems ahead of the pulverizers. Drying fuel, such as coal, is done to improve boiler efficiency and reduce emissions. A two-stage bed utilized in the process first “pre-dries and separates” the feed stream into desirable and undesirable feedstock. Then, it incrementally dries and segregates fluidizable and non-fluidizable material from the product stream. This is all completed in a low-temperature, open-air system. Elevation of fan room air temperature is also accomplished using waste heat, thereby making available to the plant system higher temperature media to enhance the feedstock drying process. 1. A method for thermally amplifying a gaseous stream for use within a manufacturing operation that produces at least one waste heat source , such method comprising:(a) providing a gaseous stream at a first temperature;(b) providing heat from a waste heat source and a first heat exchanger, whereby the gaseous stream is delivered to the first heat exchanger and heat content contained within the waste heat source is delivered to the gaseous stream which exits the first heat exchanger at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature; and(c) providing heat from a waste heat source and a second heat exchanger, whereby the gaseous stream that exited the first heat exchanger is delivered to the second heat exchanger, and heat content contained within the waste heat source is delivered to the gaseous stream which exits the second heat exchanger at a third temperature that is higher than the second temperature.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste heat ...

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Номер записи: 67
17-03-2022 дата публикации

PLANT AND PROCESS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF BIOMASS

Номер: US20220081633A1
Автор: BASSO Daniele, PAVANETTO Renato
Принадлежит:

It refers to a process and a plant for the transformation of biomass into hydrochar. 110. A process to transform biomass into hydrochar by means of a plant () comprising:{'b': ['12', '14', '16', '10'], '#text': 'a first reactor (), a second reactor (), a third reactor () into which feedstock can be loaded from the outside and the process products can be unloaded from the plant () to the outside;'}{'b': ['18', '20', '22'], '#text': 'a fourth reactor (), a fifth reactor () and a sixth reactor () in which the transformation of biomass into hydrochar can take place at a process temperature between 180° C. and 250° C., at a process pressure corresponding or higher than the vapor tension of water at the process temperature, namely between 15 bar and 30 bar, in a time span equal to the reaction time between 3 and 8 hours;'}{'b': ['24', '12', '14', '16', '18', '20', '22'], '#text': 'a heat exchanger () through which the first reactor (), the second reactor (), the third reactor () are indistinctly connected to the fourth reactor (), the fifth reactor () and the sixth reactor ();'}{'b': ['12', '14', '16', '18', '20', '22'], '#text': 'the first reactor (), the second reactor (), the third reactor (), the fourth reactor (), the fifth reactor () and the sixth reactor () being connected to one another also directly;'}{'claim-text': [{'b': '12', '#text': 'the first reactor () is full of process products, is pressurized at the process pressure and at an unloading temperature between 30° C. and 50° C.;'}, {'b': '14', '#text': 'the second reactor () is full of feedstock and is pressurized at the process pressure;'}, {'b': '16', '#text': 'the third reactor () is empty and is pressurized at the process pressure;'}, {'b': '18', '#text': 'the fourth reactor () is full of process products, is pressurized at the process pressure and is at a reaction temperature;'}, {'b': '20', '#text': 'the fifth reactor () is empty and is pressurized at a process pressure;'}, {'b': '22', '#text': 'the ...

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Номер записи: 68
08-03-2018 дата публикации

Method and system for the manufacture of methane as well as heat and electricity by hydrogasification of biomass

Номер: US20180066199A1
Автор: Krylowicz Adam, Krylowicz Jaroslaw
Принадлежит:

The method for the manufacture of bio-methane and eco-methane as well as electric and thermal energy according to the present invention consists in hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and fossil carbon in a carbon hydrogasification reactor using bio-hydrogen obtained in a bio-hydrogen production reactor from a mixture of bio-methane and steam in the presence of a catalyst and with a COacceptor being a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxides. The raw gas formed, after purification, is subjected to separation into hydrogen and methane sent to a hydrogen production process and to feed a power generation unit. Spent COacceptor is subjected to calcination and the COproduced in the calcination process is directed to a COsequestration process. The system for the manufacture of methane and energy consists of a first reactor () for the hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and carbon prepared by a carbon feed preparation unit () connected to a biomass pyrolysis apparatus () and a carbon conveyor () and fed by a carbon mixture conveyor () to the first reactor () connected to a vapour and gas separator (), said separator having a hydrogen outlet connected to the first reactor () and a methane outlet connected to a third reactor () and the power generation unit (). Additionally, the third reactor () has a COacceptor inlet connected to a second reactor () for the calcination of the spent COacceptor and a spent COoutlet at the third reactor () connected via a conveyor () to the second reactor (). A COpipeline () is connected to a COsequestration system, whereas another COpipeline () for the regenerating COstream exiting the second reactor () is connected via a heat exchanger () and a preheater () of that stream, connected via a pipeline () to the second reactor (). 1. A method for the manufacture of bio-methane and eco-methane as well as electricity and thermal energy using a process of pyrolysing biomass to biocarbon mixed with comminuted and , possibly , ...

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Номер записи: 69
11-03-2021 дата публикации

TORREFIED BIOMASS BRIQUETTES AND RELATED METHODS

Номер: US20210071099A1
Автор: Bu-Aamiri Osama, Satyavolu Jagannadh, Thilakaratne Chamila R.
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied. 1. A torrefied biomass briquette , comprising:(a) about 10% to about 95% of a highly-torrefied material (HTM) and about 5% to about 90% of a lightly torrefied material (LTM);(b) a torrefied acid hydrolyzed biomass having a FTIR profile comprising one or more reduced oxygen functionalities as compared to biomass not subjected to acid hydrolysis; or (c) a combination of (a) and (b).2. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , prior to densification claim 1 , the HTM and the LTM have a combined moisture content of about 7% to about 15%.3. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , subsequent to densification claim 1 , the briquette has a moisture content of about 3% to about 10%.4. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette exhibits lignin based in-situ binding and is free of an added binder.5. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a density in the range of about 1 to about 1.5 gm/cm.6. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a durability index value of about 5% to more than about 90%.7. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein hydrophobicity of the briquette is increased relative to a briquette including only LTM.8. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a calorific value of about 8 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb to about 10 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb.9. A method of producing a torrefied biomass briquette claim 1 , comprising:producing a mixture comprising about 10% to about 95% of a highly-torrefied material (HTM) and about 5% to about 90% of a lightly torrefied material (LTM);preheating the mixture to a predetermined temperature;compressing and simultaneously heating the mixture10. The method of claim 9 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 70
19-03-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PROCESSING ORGANIC PHASE SUBSTANCE BY USING HALOGEN-CONTAINING CHECICAL OR CHEMICALS AND/OR MIXTURE CONTAINING OXYGEN-CONTAINING OXIDIZER OR OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC CARBONYL ANALOGUE OR ANALOGUES, AND/OR METHOD FOR EXTRACTING OR DEPOSITING HEAVY ELEMENT SPECIES AND/OR ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF ASPHALTENE AND/OR INORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM THE ORGANIC PHASE SUBSTANCE BY USING HALOGEN-CONTAINING CHEMICAL OR CHEMICALS AND/OR MIXTURE CONTAINING OXYGEN-CONTAINING OXIDIZER OR OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC CARBONYL ANALOGUE OR ANALOGUES, AND PLANT USING FOR THE METHOD, AND ORGANIC PHASE SUBSTANCE

Номер: US20150075065A1
Автор: Brommeland Richard, Hayashi Yutaka, Myles Andrew, Nakamura Tooru, Suzuki Akira
Принадлежит: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The invention provides a processing method for upgrading an organic phase substance by removing heavy element species from the organic phase substance originating from a resource substance in mild environmental conditions, and further provides a method for collecting removed heavy element species and a method for collecting other substances. 1. A method for processing an organic phase substance , comprising:allowing an organic phase substance to coexist with a water phase, wherein the organic phase substance contains at least organic components originating from one or more selected from crude oil, bitumen, tar, residual fuel oil, petroleum residue, oil sands, tar-sand, asphaltene, fossil strata, cokes, oil-shale and coal, and contacting resultant of the above coexistence with halogen-containing chemical or chemicals, thereby extracting or depositing the heavy element species from the organic phase substance into the water phase.2. The method for processing an organic phase substance according to claim 1 , wherein the halogen-containing chemical or chemicals include at least one chlorine-containing chemical or more chlorine-containing chemicals selected from chlorine gas claim 1 , chlorofluorides or an interhalogen compound selected from bromine monochloride or iodine monochloride claim 1 , a chlorine radial and a chlorine oxide.3. The method for processing an organic phase substance according to claim 1 , wherein the halogen-containing chemical or chemicals include at least one bromine-containing chemical or more bromine-containing chemicals selected from bromine gas claim 1 , bromine liquid claim 1 , bromine-containing interhalogen compounds claim 1 , bromine radicals and bromine oxides.4. A method for processing an organic phase substance claim 1 , comprising:allowing an organic phase substance to coexist with a water phase, wherein the organic phase substance contains at least organic components originating from one or more selected from crude oil, bitumen, tar, ...

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Номер записи: 71
15-03-2018 дата публикации

CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL SUSPENSION

Номер: US20180072959A1
Автор: FAY Hélène, Pavageau Bertrand, TADMOURI Rawad
Принадлежит:

The present invention concerns a suspension comprising carbonaceous material particles, an alkoxylated phenol surfactant, and an aqueous liquid phase providing a high stability to the suspensions over time. The invention also concerns a process for the production of said suspensions and methods for generating power comprising combustion of said suspensions, notably with appropriate devices. 1. A suspension comprising:(a) carbonaceous material particles having an average diameter D50 between 0.1 and 100 μm;(b) an alkoxylated phenol surfactant; and(c) an aqueous liquid phase.2. A suspension according to wherein carbonaceous material particles are chosen in the group consisting of: coal claim 1 , coke claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , char claim 1 , and biocoal.3. A suspension according to wherein carbonaceous material particles comprise torrefied biomass.4. A suspension according to wherein carbonaceous material particles comprise torrefied wood.5. A suspension according to wherein carbonaceous material particles provide the size distribution as follows:{'sub': '10', 'Dbetween 1 and 30 μm,'}{'sub': '50', 'Dbetween 0.1 and 100 μm, and'}{'sub': '90', 'Dbetween 50 and 200 μm.'}6. A suspension according to wherein the alkoxylated phenol surfactant comprises between 2 and 100 oxyalkylene units.7. A suspension according to wherein the alkoxylated phenol surfactant comprises one claim 1 , two or three linear or branched hydrocarbon group(s).8. A suspension according to claim 7 , wherein the each of the one claim 7 , two claim 7 , or three hydrocarbon groups is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl groups claim 7 , aryl groups claim 7 , alkylaryl groups claim 7 , and aryalkyl groups claim 7 , that may optionally comprise a heteroatom such as N claim 7 , O or S.9. A suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated phenol surfactant comprises a functional group that is connected to the alkoxylated chain and selected from the group consisting of: POM claim 1 , SOM ...

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Номер записи: 72
07-03-2019 дата публикации

Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification System and Process for Conversion of Biomass Feedstocks

Номер: US20190071606A1
Автор: Elliott Douglas C., Hart Todd R., Neuenschwander Gary G.
Принадлежит: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy. 115-. (canceled)16: A system for conversion of a biomass , the system comprising:a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) stage that hydrothermally liquefies the biomass in an aqueous medium at a temperature and pressure selected to form a conversion product comprising a separable bio-oil and an aqueous fraction containing residual organics therein; anda catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) stage operatively coupled to the HTL stage configured to receive the aqueous fraction containing residual organics from the HTL stage at a selected temperature and pressure that forms a product gas containing at least one medium BTU product gas.17: The system of claim 16 , further including an upgrade stage configured to upgrade the bio-oil released from the HTL stage over a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature up to about 450° C. and a hydrogen partial pressure up to about 150 atmospheres (1.52×104 kPa) that yields a green crude.18: The system of claim 16 , wherein the product gas when combusted generates sufficient energy such that the sum of the energy demands for conversion of the biomass feedstock to the product gas is a net positive.19: The system of claim 16 , further including one or more heat exchangers positioned to distribute heat to selected locations in the HTL stage and/or the CHG stage. This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/657,416 filed 8 Jun. 2012 entitled “Combined Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification for ...

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Номер записи: 73
07-03-2019 дата публикации

COAL CHAR PASSIVATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS

Номер: US20190071614A1
Автор: Horne Deane Avent, Kinder James Darrell, Kuhn Timothy J., Mueller Robert W., Rinker Franklin G.
Принадлежит: C2O Technologies, LLC

A continuous process and apparatus for treating dried coal and coal char to promote passivation of the reactive carbon particles by forming a protective oxide coating and simultaneously adding moisture to rehydrate said particles. The passivation process is conducted in a novel apparatus providing for the staged control of the reaction temperature and the staged introduction of both oxygen and moisture. The fluidized bed apparatus has internal in-bed cooling means embedded within the fluidized coal or coal char particles so as to remove the heat energy as it is released by virtue of the exothermic passivation reactions. 1. A fluidized passivation apparatus for passivating coal char , comprisinga reaction chamber defining an interior and having a char inlet for receiving coal char into the interior and a char sump for allowing coal char to exit the interior;the reaction chamber further including at least one gas inlet for admitting an oxygen-containing fluidizing gas into the interior, at least one gas outlet for allowing exit of the fluidizing gas from the interior, and a gas recirculation system comprising a source of fluidizing gas, one or more conduits and a pump, the conduits and pump arranged and adapted to recirculate the fluidizing gas from the gas outlet to the gas inlet under conditions to cause a fluidized state in the coal char within the interior of the reaction chamber;at least one heat exchanger embedded within the interior of the reaction chamber, the heat exchanger having a coolant fluid inlet, a coolant fluid outlet and a plurality of contact surfaces for exchanging heat with coal char within the interior; anda humidifier connected to a source of water and adapted for humidifying the coal char.2. The apparatus of wherein there are a plurality of heat exchangers and a plurality of gas inlets.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a cyclone in the gas recirculation system for removing entrained particulates from the gas stream and returning ...

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Номер записи: 74
24-03-2022 дата публикации

A METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL FOR AN INDUSTRIAL BOILER, CORRESPONDING MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION

Номер: US20220089962A1
Автор: Despres Jean-Luc, Martel Frédéric, Quintero-Marquez Adriana
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a combustible material having a lower heating value of 5.29 MWh/t or more. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said wood chips contain at least 50 wt % of hardwood.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said wood chips contain at least 80 wt % of hardwood.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said wood chips are derived substantially exclusively from hardwoods.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said time of exposure of the wood fragments to said steam in the reactor is between 6 and 8 minutes.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of said steam in the reactor is between 205 and 210° C.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises transforming said combustible material into pellets.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the moisture content of said obtained wood fragments is between 8 and 12%.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the obtaining wood fragments having a moisture content of between 5 and 25% comprises grinding natural wood chips and/or recovered wood chips and drying said ground wood chips.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the introducing said wood fragments into the reactor comprises compacting and pushing said fragments by using a screw.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said reactor is a vertical reactor and said wood fragments introduced into said reactor are driven towards an extraction zone close to a bottom of said reactor under the effect of gravity.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said reactor is horizontal and the exposing comprises transporting said fragments between an introduction zone and an extraction zone in said reactor.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the separating comprises centrifuging said wood fragments and/or passing said wood fragments and residual steam through a cyclonic separator.14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 75
18-03-2021 дата публикации

Oxidation and Subsequent Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge

Номер: US20210078890A1
Автор: Lundqvist Fredrik, Odén Erik, Ohman Fredrik
Принадлежит:

There is provided a method of hydrothermal carbonization of a sludge, comprising the steps of: a) preheating the sludge to obtain a preheated sludge; b) adding an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen gas, to the preheated sludge; and c) subjecting the sludge from step b) to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a reactor to obtain a HTC-treated sludge. 1. A method of hydrothermal carbonization of a sludge , comprising the steps of:a) preheating the sludge to obtain a preheated sludge;b) adding an oxidizing agent to the preheated sludge; andc) subjecting the sludge from step b) to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a reactor to obtain a HTC-treated sludge.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step: d) subjecting the HTC-treated sludge from step c) to flashing to obtain at least one steam fraction and a cooled fraction claim 1 , wherein the at least one steam fraction is used in the preheating of step a).3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sludge passes through a reactor for wet oxidation between step b) and step c).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the volume of the reactor for wet oxidation is smaller than the volume of the reactor of step c).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the volume of the reactor for wet oxidation is 10-50% of the volume of the reactor of step c).6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the volume of the reactor for wet oxidation is 20-40% of the volume of the reactor of step c).7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sludge is a municipal or industrial sludge from a wastewater treatment plant.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the HTC-treated sludge in step c) is 180-250° C.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the HTC-treated sludge in step c) is at least 20° C. higher than the temperature of the preheated sludge to which the oxidizing agent is added in step b).10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the preheated sludge to which ...

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Номер записи: 76
14-03-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCT

Номер: US20190078032A1
Автор: Sharpe Darren, Sirovski Felix
Принадлежит:

A process for producing combustible product from an organic or biomass feedstock, the process comprising: mixing the feedstock with an alkaline material to give an alkaline aqueous mixture; heating the mixture by ohmic heating to a temperature in the range of about 280° C. to about 320° C. and reacting the mixture under subcritical conditions at the said temperature range and a pressure of about 6.6 to about 11.6 MPa (65 bar gauge to about 115 bar gauge); and removing at least some of the water to leave a combustible product, which may be used to form an aqueous slurry, suspension or emulsion and combusted in a suitable engine. 1. A process for producing a combustible product from an organic or biomass feedstock , the process comprising:mixing the feedstock with an alkaline material to give an alkaline aqueous mixture;heating the mixture by ohmic heating to a temperature in the range of about 280° C. to about 320° C. and reacting the mixture under subcritical conditions at the said temperature range and a pressure of about 6.6 to about 11.6 MPa (65 bar gauge to about 115 bar gauge); andremoving at least some of the water to leave a combustible product.2. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of solid:liquid in the mixture is in the range about 1:2 to about 1:25 claim 1 , preferably about 1:3 to about 1:7 claim 1 , particularly preferably about 1:3 to about 1:5.3. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the reaction under subcritical conditions is carried out over a period of at least about 1 minute claim 1 , preferably at least about 2 minutes claim 1 , particularly preferably at least about 5 minutes; and at most about 60 minutes claim 1 , preferably at most about 30 minutes.4. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the alkaline material is added in an amount about from 0.1 to 10% (calculated on 100% base content) claim 1 , preferably about 1 to about 5% w/w.5. The process as specified in claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is an ...

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Номер записи: 77
22-03-2018 дата публикации

Reactive twin-screw extrusion valve

Номер: US20180079964A1
Автор: James H. IRVIN, Larry G. Felix, Todd R. Snyder, WEI Yan, William E. Farthing
Принадлежит: GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE

A system for the production of carbonized biomass that includes an infeed for accepting biomass feed material and an associated twin screw extruder. A water heater is connected with respect to at least one inlet along a length of the twin screw extruder and a pressure sustaining valve is connected at an outlet of the twin screw extruder.

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Номер записи: 78
23-03-2017 дата публикации

COMBUSTIBLE PELLET DRYING SYSTEM

Номер: US20170081605A1
Автор: Gibbel David S.
Принадлежит:

A combustible pellet drying system includes a valveless pulse combustor and a drying column. The drying column includes a first drying region and optionally a second drying region. The first drying region receives heated drying gas from the pulse combustor to dry a quantity of moist pellets flowing downwardly through the drying column. Moisture-laden exhaust gas from the first drying region is processed by a condenser to remove water and recover thermal energy therefrom, and to produce a cooled dried exhaust gas which may be reheated by passing through a jacket around the pulse combustor. The reheated dry gas is introduced into the second drying region to further dry the pellets. The second drying region is preferably a downwardly expanding cone configuration. The drying column includes a plurality of temperature sensors. Adjacent temperature sensors may be used to determine a level of pellets within the drying column. The combustible pellets are preferably coal pellets. 1. A pellet drying system comprising:a valveless pulse combustor to provide a source of heated drying gas; and a first drying region containing a gas inlet and a gas outlet, wherein the gas inlet receives heated drying gas and the gas outlet exits moisture-laden exhaust gas;', 'an airlock opening at a top portion of the first drying region through which moist pellets are introduced into the first drying region to form a bed of moist pellets within the first drying region; and', 'a gate valve exit at a bottom portion of the first drying region through which dried or partially dried pellets exit the first drying region., 'a drying column comprising2. The pellet drying system according to claim 1 , further comprising a condenser that receives the moisture-laden exhaust gas and condenses water from the exhaust gas to produce a cooled dried exhaust gas claim 1 , and to recover the latent and sensible heat energy therefrom.3. The pellet drying system according to claim 1 , wherein the moisture-laden ...

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Номер записи: 79
25-03-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR BENEFICIATIATING AND CLEANING BIOMASS

Номер: US20210087486A1
Автор: Cella Ronald A., Scalzo Philip J., Tait Carleton D.
Принадлежит:

A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass, and evaporatively heating the biomass. 1. A method for removing at least one of salts and light volatile organic compounds from a disrupted biomass , the method comprising the following steps:passing the disrupted biomass from the reaction vessel to a separate wash chamber; andwashing the disrupted biomass within the separate wash chamber to remove at least 5 percent of the salts derived from the disrupted biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of washing the disrupted biomass comprises agitating the disrupted biomass with clean water in the separate wash chamber to contact the clean water with the biomass.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of agitating the disrupted biomass with clean water in the separate wash chamber comprises agitating by compressed air.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of washing the disrupted comprises removing at least 10 percent of at least one of the salts and light volatile organic compounds.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of washing the disrupted biomass comprises removing at least 20 percent of at least one of the salts and light volatile organic compounds.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of washing the disrupted biomass comprises ...

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Номер записи: 80
25-03-2021 дата публикации

BIOMASS CONVERSION REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20210087487A1
Автор: Ghoniem Ahmed Fouad, Kung Kevin S., Shanbhouge Santosh Janardhan, Slocum Alexander H., Stoner Robert James
Принадлежит: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Systems and methods associated with biomass decomposition are generally described. Certain embodiments are related to adjusting a flow rate of a fluid comprising oxygen into a reactor in which biomass is decomposed. The adjustment may be made, at least in part, based upon a measurement of a characteristic of the reactor and/or a characteristic of the biomass. Certain embodiments are related to cooling at least partially decomposed biomass. The biomass may be cooled by flowing a gas over an outlet conduit in which the biomass is cooled, and then directing the gas to a reactor after it has flowed over the outlet conduit. Certain embodiments are related to systems comprising a reactor and an outlet conduit configured such that greater than or equal to 75% of its axially projected cross-sectional area is occupied by a conveyor. Certain embodiments are related to systems comprising a reactor comprising an elongated compartment having a longitudinal axis arranged substantially vertically and an outlet conduit comprising a conveyor. 1. A method of decomposing biomass within a reactor to form a primarily solid product , comprising:adjusting a flow rate of a fluid comprising oxygen into the reactor in which the biomass is decomposed, wherein the adjustment is made, at least in part, based upon a measurement of a characteristic of the reactor and/or a characteristic of the biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises an inlet fluidically connected to a source of fluid comprising oxygen.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring a characteristic of the reactor claim 1 , wherein the characteristic comprises:a flow rate of the biomass into the reactor;a temperature at a point inside the reactor, outside the reactor, or of a surface of the reactor and/or a measurement of a variation in a temperature at a point inside the reactor, outside the reactor, or of a surface of the reactor;a pressure within the reactor; and/ora flow rate of decomposed ...

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Номер записи: 81
30-03-2017 дата публикации

DRYING METHOD FOR PROCESSING MATERIAL AND HORIZONTAL ROTARY DRYER

Номер: US20170089640A1
Автор: NAKATA Yoichi, Sato Sumito, Suwa Satoshi, WATARAI Tomonori
Принадлежит:

To provide a drying method for processing material and a horizontal rotary dryer allowing easy performance of mass processing of the processing material and enabling size reduction by improving drying performance of the dryer. In a drying method for processing material in which a horizontal rotary dryer provided with: a rotating shell having a feed port for processing material on one end side thereof and a discharge port for processing material on the other end side thereof, and capable of freely rotating around an axial center; and a group of heating tubes through which a heating medium passes, provided within the rotating shell, and configured in a manner that the processing material is lifted up in a rotational direction by the group of heating tubes in accordance with the rotation of the rotating shell, is used, and the processing material is dried, through indirect heating, by using the group of heating tubes in a process of feeding the processing material to the one end side of the rotating shell and discharging the processing material from the other end side of the rotating shell, the rotating shell is rotated to make a critical speed ratio α defined by the following expression 1 and expression 2 become 30 to less than 100% to dry the processing material, 1. A drying method for processing material using a horizontal rotary dryer provided with: a rotating shell having a feed port for processing material on one end side thereof and a discharge port for processing material on the other end side thereof , and capable of freely rotating around an axial center; and a group of heating tubes through which a heating medium passes , provided within the rotating shell , and configured in a manner that the processing material is lifted up in a rotational direction by the group of heating tubes in accordance with the rotation of the rotating shell , the drying method for processing material comprisingdrying, through indirect heating, the processing material by using the ...

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Номер записи: 82
19-03-2020 дата публикации

PROCESSING MATERIALS

Номер: US20200086273A1
Автор: Masterman Thomas Craig, Medoff Marshall, PARADIS Robert
Принадлежит:

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described. 1. A system for processing a biomass material comprising:a first treatment cell equipped with a first electron beam device for irradiating the biomass material with electron beams, anda screw conveyor comprising a housing and interior portions, wherein the interior portions convey the irradiated biomass material from the first treatment cell and the housing is cooled.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a second treatment cell equipped with an second electron beam device claim 1 , wherein the screw conveyor conveys the biomass material from the first treatment cell to the second treatment cell.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the housing is cooled using a chilled liquid.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the housing is cooled using water or glycol water mixtures.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the screw conveyor comprises two or more screws.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the screw conveyor has a material inlet and a material discharge.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second treatment cells are capable of delivering a total dose of between about 1 and 200 Mrad.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first and second treatment cells are capable of delivering a total dose of between about 10 Mrad and about 50 Mrad.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first and second treatment cells are capable of delivering a total dose of between about 20 Mrad and about 40 Mrad.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the screw conveyor further comprises a notched flight for comminuting the biomass material while it is conveyed.11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises a lignocellulosic material.12. The system of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first and second electron beam devices ...

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Номер записи: 83
19-03-2020 дата публикации

Operating method of an iron making installation and associated operating installation

Номер: US20200087742A1
Автор: GEEROMS Joris, SPELIER Kurt, VAN DE CASTEELE Stefaan
Принадлежит:

A method of operating an iron making installation is provided, in which waste material is dried using a drying gas, the drying gas including an exhaust gas from a sinter plant, and the dried material is roasted a roasting gas, so as to produce coal and a roasting exhaust gas. An associated installation is also provided. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of operating of an iron making installation , the method comprising the steps of:drying waste material using a drying gas, the drying gas comprising an exhaust gas from a sinter plant, androasting the dried waste material using a roasting gas, so as to produce coal and a roasting exhaust gas.22. The operating method according to claim 21 , wherein the drying gas comprises at least 50% of an exhaust gas from a sinter plant.23. The operating method according to claim 21 , further comprising recycling at least a part of the roasting exhaust gas to the sinter plant.24. The operating method according to claim 21 , wherein the drying gas has a temperature of at least 70° C.25. The operating method according to wherein the sinter plant exhaust gas is mixed with other components to form the drying gas claim 22 , and has a temperature between 100 and 150° C. when mixed with the other components to form the drying gas.26. The operating method according to claim 21 , wherein the roasting is performed at a temperature between 200 and 320° C.27. The operating method according to claim 21 , wherein at least a part of the roasting exhaust gas is used as part of the drying gas.28. The operating method according to claim 21 , wherein the roasting exhausts gas is used in the roasting step as part of the roasting gas.29. The operating method according to claim 21 , wherein after the roasting step the coal is used as raw material into an iron making process.30. The operating method according to claim 29 , wherein after the roasting step the coal is subjected to a milling step and milled coal is injected into a blast furnace through a tuyere. ...

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Номер записи: 84
26-06-2014 дата публикации

Method for Cooling and Increasing Yield of a Torrefied Product

Номер: US20140173929A1
Автор: Anders Nordin, Ingemar Olofsson, Katarina Åberg, Linda Pommer, Martin Nordwaeger
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention relates to a method and a system for cooling torrefied material, including, applying water to the torrefied material to quench-cool the material and thereafter further cooling the torrefied material and at least part of the torrefaction gases released from the material in a common cooling device, such that components of the torrefaction gases condenses on the torrefied material within the common cooling device.

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Номер записи: 85
12-05-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20220145202A1
Автор: Lukas Michael D., Ostvik Bjornulf
Принадлежит:

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;at least one mixer disposed in the cavity; anda heating structure coupled to a surface of the wall.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the heating structure extends over a surface of the wall.23. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an inner surface of the wall.24. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an outer surface of the wall.25. The vessel of claim 24 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell and the second shell.26. The vessel of claim 25 , wherein the heating structure comprises an insulating material disposed within the annular enclosure.27. The ...

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Номер записи: 86
06-04-2017 дата публикации

COAL BLEND

Номер: US20170096603A1
Автор: Hamaguchi Maki, Kikuchi Naoki, Shishido Takahiro
Принадлежит: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.)

A coal-blended material is obtained by mixing an ashless coal that is a solvent extract of a coal, and a steam coal, in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 1:5 without heating. The mixed coal after the mixing has a Gieseler fluidity of 1.0 (Log ddpm) or more and an average maximum reflectance of 0.75 (%) or higher. 1. A coal-blended material , obtained by a process comprising mixing an ashless coal that is a solvent extract of a coal , and a steam coal , in a weight ratio of from 1:1 to 1:5 without heating , thereby obtaining a mixed coal ,wherein the mixed coal has a Gieseler fluidity of 1.0 (Log ddpm) or more and an average maximum reflectance of 0.75 (%) or higher.2. The coal-blended material according to claim 1 , wherein the ashless coal and the steam coal are coarsely ground.3. The coal-blended material according to claim 1 , wherein the coal that is a raw material of the ashless coal is a steam coal.4. The coal-blended material according to claim 2 , wherein the coal that is a raw material of the ashless coal is a steam coal. The present invention relates to a coal-blended material obtained by mixing ashless coal that is a solvent extract of coal, and steam coal.In the production of steel using a blast furnace, coke obtained by carbonizing raw material coal under heating is used as a reducing agent. To produce coke having high quality, blended coal for coke containing heavy caking coal having high caking property as a main raw material is necessary. However, there is a concern that the heavy caking coal will be difficult to be available in future and the price thereof will rise quickly.In view of the above, it is required to suppress the amount of heavy caking coal used and reduce the cost of a coke raw material by using low rank raw materials (non-caking coal, weak caking coal and steam coal) as a coke raw material.Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing raw material coal for producing coke, by heating a mixed coal containing low rank coal and ashless ...

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Номер записи: 87
08-04-2021 дата публикации

Fine Particle Coal, and Systems, Apparatuses, and Methods for Collecting and Using the Same

Номер: US20210101798A1
Автор: TROIANO Richard
Принадлежит:

Methods, apparatuses, and systems to collect fine particle coal are provided herein. For example, these methods, apparatuses, and systems may be incorporated into a coal processing plant to collect a portion of the fine particle coal that is normally lost in the system. A fine particle coal also is provided. The fine particle coal may have a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. 1. A method of collecting fine particle coal comprising:dewatering a clean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of 30% or less, by weight, to produce a fine particle coal having a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein dewatering the clean coal effluent slurry comprises centrifuging the slurry in a solid bowl centrifuge claim 1 , the centrifuge comprising a rotating bowl claim 1 , an internal scroll claim 1 , and a weir plate.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:adjusting, based on properties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fine particle coal, or both, at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of centrifugal torque, differential rotational speed between the rotating bowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of the weir plate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clean coal effluent slurry has a solids content of from about 3% to about 25% claim 1 , by weight.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fine particle coal contains at least 95% claim 1 , by weight claim 1 , of the solids contained in the clean coal effluent slurry.6. An apparatus for collecting fine particle coal from a clean coal effluent slurry claim 1 , the apparatus comprising:a solid bowl centrifuge that retains a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the solid bowl centrifuge retains a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller.8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:the solid bowl centrifuge ...

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Номер записи: 88
13-04-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF SEPARATING AND DE-WATERING FINE PARTICLES

Номер: US20170101597A1
Автор: Yoon Roe-Hoan
Принадлежит:

A process for cleaning and dewatering hydrophobic particulate materials is presented. The process is performed in in two steps: 1) agglomeration of the hydrophobic particles in a first hydrophobic liquid/aqueous mixture; followed by 2) dispersion of the agglomerates in a second hydrophobic liquid to release the water trapped within the agglomerates along with the entrained hydrophilic particles. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said first or second hydrophobic liquid is selected from the group consisting of n-alkanes claim 1 , n-alkenes claim 1 , unbranched and branched cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes with carbon numbers of less than eight claim 1 , ligroin claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , petroleum naptha claim 1 , petroleum ether claim 1 , liquid carbon dioxide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said first hydrophobic liquid is selected from gasoline claim 1 , kerosene claim 1 , diesel fuel claim 1 , and heating oils.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first hydrophobic liquid and the second hydrophobic liquid is recycled.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic particulate material is naturally hydrophobic.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic particulate material is prepared by coating a selected hydrophilic particulate material with a hydrophobizing agent.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic particulate material is prepared by hydrophobizing with an adsorbing reagent selected from the group consisting of thiol-type collectors claim 1 , cationic surfactants claim 1 , anionic surfactants claim 1 , and non-ionic surfactants.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the particulate materials are smaller than 1 mm in diameter.9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of evaporating any hydrophobic liquid attached to the hydrophobic particles substantially free of hydrophilic contaminant and water produced in step e.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein step a produces ...

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Номер записи: 89
02-06-2022 дата публикации

Gasification of Torrefied Textiles and Fossil Fuels

Номер: US20220169931A1
Автор: Murphy Justin William, Trapp William Lewis, West Nathan Mitchell
Принадлежит: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY

Torrefied textiles can be gasified to produce a syngas suitable for making chemicals. Gasifying torrefied textile can generate a consistent quality of syngas and a hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio closer to that of coal relative to gasifying textiles. A variety of chemical compounds, reactants, polymers, fibers, and textiles can now be made utilizing syngas made by gasifying torrefied textiles. 1. (canceled)2. A process of making a torrefied textile derived polymer reactant , comprising making a torrefied textile derived syngas , and reacting said torrefied textile derived syngas to make a chemical or a torrefied textile derived polymer reactant optionally through one or more torrefied textile derived chemical intermediates.374-. (canceled)75. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reaction scheme to produce the polymer reactant comprises one or more of the following reactions: (1) converting said torrefied textile derived syngas to methanol; (2) reacting said methanol to produce acetic acid; (3) reacting said methanol and/or said acetic acid to produce methyl acetate; and (4) reacting said methyl acetate and/or said methanol to produce acetic anhydride.76. The process of claim 2 , wherein the polymer reactant comprises adipic acid made by carbonylation of butadiene with a torrefied textile derived syngas.77. The process of claim 2 , wherein adipic acid is reacted to make nylon 6 claim 2 ,6.78. A process for the production of syngas comprising:a. charging an oxidant and a feedstock composition to a gasification zone within a gasifier, said feedstock composition comprising torrefied textiles, andb. gasifying the feedstock composition together with the oxidant in a gasification zone to produce a torrefied textile derived syngas composition; andc. discharging at least a portion of the torrefied textile derived syngas composition from the gasifier.79. The process of claim 78 , comprising:a. providing a first textile, andb. torrefying said textile to make a torrefied textile ...

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Номер записи: 90
02-06-2022 дата публикации

TREATMENT OF BIOMASS WITH VINASSE

Номер: US20220169937A1
Автор: DE LEGÉ Levinus Jan, PELS Jan Remmert
Принадлежит: Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO

The present invention concerns an improved process for the wet torrefaction (Torwash) of biomass, wherein the liquid phase comprises vinasse which is typically considered a waste stream. The process according the invention comprises: (a) heating a mixture comprising biomass and vinasse at a temperature in the range of 100-400° C., to obtain torrefied biomass and a liquor; and (b) washing the torrefied biomass with water, to obtain a washed material and an effluent. The inventors found that by applying a washing step after the wet torrefaction, the results are equally good as when fresh water would be used in combination with a conventional pre-washing step. 1. A process for the treatment of biomass , comprising:(a) heating a mixture of the biomass and a treatment liquid comprising vinasse at a temperature in the range of 100-400° C., to obtain torrefied biomass and a liquor; and(b) washing the torrefied biomass with water, to obtain a washed material and an effluent, wherein the biomass is not bagasse.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is fibrous biomass.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid to solid (L/S) ratio (v/w) in the mixture that is subjected to step (a) is in the range of 2-25.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment liquid further comprises another source of water selected from fresh water claim 1 , rainwater claim 1 , muddy juice and process water obtained as liquor from step (a) and/or effluent from step (b).5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water used in step (b) is substantially free from potassium claim 1 , sodium and chloride.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the washing of step (b) occurs in counter-current mode.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of water used in step (b) amounts to 0.05-5 L per 1 kg of the biomass that is subjected to step (a).8. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising processing of the washed material into ...

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Номер записи: 91
28-04-2016 дата публикации

METHOD OF SEPARATING SOLIDS USING BIO-OILS

Номер: US20160115411A1
Автор: McLaren Michael David, Trass Olev
Принадлежит:

A process for separating a solid having two or more components, at least one of which is lyophobic and at least one of which is lyophilic. The process comprises, in a single step, comminuting a mixture of the solid in a first liquid to which one of the components is lyophilic and to which the other component is lyophobic and in a second liquid which is immiscible with the first liquid and which will wet the lyophobic component to form agglomerates or floes of the lyophobic component and the second liquid in a mill having positive transport capability such that the mill causes the mixture to be transported therethrough. The second liquid comprises a bio-oil, bio-diesel or combination thereof. The agglomerates are then separated from the mixture. This process may be used for beneficiating a coal containing ash. 1. A process for separating a solid having two or more components , at least one of which is lyophobic and at least one of which is lyophilic , comprising:In a single step comminuting a mixture of the solid in a first liquid to which one of the components is lyophilic and to which the other component is lyophobic and in a second liquid which is immiscible with the first liquid and which will wet the lyophobic component to form agglomerates or flocs of the lyophobic component and the second liquid, in a mill having positive transport capability such that the mill causes the mixture to be transported therethrough, wherein the second liquid comprises a bio-oil, bio-diesel or combination thereof; andthereafter, the further step of separating the agglomerates from the mixture.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid is a coal containing coal and ash components.3. The process as set out in claim 1 , wherein the mill includes a stationary grinding surface and at least one roller adapted to rotate against the grinding surface claim 1 , the roller having at least one helical groove such that rotation of the roller against the grinding surface creates at ...

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Номер записи: 92
28-04-2016 дата публикации

TREATMENT OF COAL

Номер: US20160115412A1
Автор: PAUL Anton Dilo, Ponce De Leon Ignacio
Принадлежит:

Process of producing a treated coal, by heating the coal to remove volatiles and drying the product to produce a treated coal consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen. 1. A process of producing a treated coal , which comprises heating the coal to remove volatiles and drying the product to produce a treated coal consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out using a staged heating process to break down and capture volatiles as coal-derived gases.3. The process of and further comprising combusting the treated coal by introducing a co-current slipstream of natural gas alongside the treated coal in a quantity sufficient to sustain a stable burn in an existing industrial boiler configured to burn bituminous coals.4. The process of wherein the slipstream is introduced co-currently with the treated coal.5. Process according to wherein the combustion is carried out in a combined cycle boilers or a multi-fuel boiler that is capable of burning both fuels separately or at the same time.6. Treated coal produced by the process of .7. A treated coal consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen claim 1 , in which the moisture and volatile matter have been removed to produce a fuel product that is free of undesired pollutants.8. A compacted product comprising the treated coal of in combination with torrefied biomass. The present invention relates to the treatment of coal.More particularly, the present invention provides a process for treating coal by removing moisture and volatile matter from the coal to produce a fuel product that is free of undesired pollutants that are emitted during the combustion of coal. Any air-borne emissions from the combustion of the fuel product of the invention will be cleaner than those of untreated coal and may obviate post combustion or scrubbing technologies that are typically needed to clean the emissions from a coal-fired burner. The invention results in a less costly ...

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Номер записи: 93
26-04-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALCINED PETROLEUM COKE

Номер: US20180112143A1
Автор: Gasafi Edgar, Schneider Guenter, Sturm Peter
Принадлежит:

A process for production of calcined petroleum coke includes combusting, in a fluidized bed reactor, green petroleum coke as a fuel with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen at a temperature of between 900 and 1,400° C. so as to provide a required amount of energy to evaporate volatile matter included in the green petroleum coke. An air-to-fuel ratio in the reactor is less than 1 and retention time is less than 40 minutes. Calcined petroleum coke and flue gas is obtained. The flue gas comprises at least 80 wt-% of the volatile matter contained in the green petroleum coke. The flue gas is at least partially recycled to the reactor as an additional fuel. 1. A process for production of calcined petroleum coke , the process comprising:combusting, in a fluidized bed reactor, green petroleum coke as a fuel with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen at a temperature of between 900 and 1,400° C. so as to provide a required amount of energy to evaporate volatile matter included in the green petroleum coke, wherein an air-to-fuel ratio in the reactor is less than 1 and retention time is less than 40 minutes;obtaining calcined petroleum coke and flue gas, wherein the flue gas comprises at least 80 wt-% of the volatile matter contained in the green petroleum coke; andat least partially recycling the flue gas to the reactor as an additional fuel.23-. (canceled)4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the reactor is between 900 and 1 claim 1 ,250° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled flue gas is used as fluidizing gas in the reactor.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the flue gas is passed through a Venturi pre-heater.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein at least a part of the flue gas is fed from the Venturi pre-heater into a cyclone and/or at least one heat exchanger prior to recycling.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein pure oxygen claim 1 , air or another gas containing at least 5 ...

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Номер записи: 94
09-06-2022 дата публикации

TORREFIED BIOMASS BRIQUETTES AND RELATED METHODS

Номер: US20220177795A1
Автор: Bu Aamiri Osama, Satyavolu Jagannadh, Thilakaratne Chamila Rajeeva
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied. 1. A torrefied biomass briquette , comprising:(a) about 10% to about 95% of a highly-torrefied material (HTM) and about 5% to about 90% of a lightly torrefied material (LTM);(b) a torrefied acid hydrolyzed biomass having a FTIR profile comprising one or more reduced oxygen functionalities as compared to biomass not subjected to acid hydrolysis; or(c) a combination of (a) and (b).2. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , prior to densification claim 1 , the HTM and the LTM have a combined moisture content of about 7% to about 15%.3. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , subsequent to densification claim 1 , the briquette has a moisture content of about 3% to about 10%.4. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette exhibits lignin based in-situ binding and is free of an added binder.5. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a density in the range of about 1 to about 1.5 gm/cm.6. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a durability index value of about 5% to more than about 90%.7. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein hydrophobicity of the briquette is increased relative to a briquette including only LTM.8. The briquette of claim 1 , wherein the briquette has a calorific value of about 8 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb to about 10 claim 1 ,000 BTU/lb.9. A method of producing a torrefied biomass briquette claim 1 , comprising:producing a mixture comprising about 10% to about 95% of a highly-torrefied material (HTM) and about 5% to about 90% of a lightly torrefied material (LTM);preheating the mixture to a predetermined temperature;compressing and simultaneously heating the mixture10. The method of claim 9 , wherein claim ...

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Номер записи: 95
17-07-2014 дата публикации

Process For Upgrading Low Rank Carbonaceous Material

Номер: US20140196362A1
Автор: Carnegie Roderick Howard, Cooper Brendon Gerrard, Stevens William John
Принадлежит: PACIFIC EDGE HOLDINGS PTY LTD

A process for upgrading brown coal having a first water content including subjecting the brown coal to a conditioning step which includes heating the brown coal to a first temperature to produce a conditioned brown coal having a second water content which is lower than the first water content; attritioning the conditioned brown coal to enable water to be released from the microstructure of the brown coal and thereby producing an admixture of the brown coal and released water; forming aggregates of the admixture; drying the aggregates to produce upgraded brown coal having a third water content which is lower than the second water content. 1. A process for upgrading brown coal having a first water content including:subjecting the brown coal to a conditioning step which includes heating the brown coal to a first temperature in excess of 40° C. and to impart energy into the brown coal to produce a conditioned brown coal having a second water content between 45 and 55 wt % which is lower than the first water content;attritioning the conditioned brown coal to enable water to be released from the microstructure of the brown coal and thereby producing an admixture of the brown coal and released water;forming aggregates of the admixture;drying the aggregates to produce upgraded brown coal having a third water content which is lower than the second water content.2. A process of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is greater than 45° C.3. A process of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is in the range of 45 to 55° C.4. A process of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is in excess of 50° C.5. A process of claim 1 , wherein the second water content is about 50 wt %.6. A process of claim 1 , further including comminuting the brown coal claim 1 , in order to break up coal lumps and result in a more homogeneous distribution of particle sizes.7. A process of claim 6 , wherein the brown coal is comminuted to an average particle size of less than 10 mm.8. A process of ...

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Номер записи: 96
13-05-2021 дата публикации

Mobile solid fuel production system

Номер: US20210139801A1
Автор: Bjornulf OSTVIK, Michael D. Lukas, Roberto RONDINELLI
Принадлежит: Ecogensus LLC

A fuel production system includes a first modular unit and a second modular unit. The first modular unit includes a first housing, a process vessel, an agitator rotor assembly, a first drivetrain, an extrusion screw, a second drivetrain, a first separation vessel, and a product shaping system. The second modular unit includes a second housing, a thermal fluid heater system, a condenser, a second separation vessel, and a vacuum pump. The second modular unit is configured to be coupled to the first modular unit. At least a portion of each of the process vessel, the agitator rotor assembly, the first drivetrain, the extrusion screw, the second drivetrain, the first separation vessel, and the product shaping system are contained in the first housing. At least a portion of each of the thermal fluid heater system, the condenser, the second separation vessel, and the vacuum pump are contained in the second housing.

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Номер записи: 97
05-05-2016 дата публикации

SOLID FUEL MANUFACTURING METHOD AND MANUFACTURING DEVICE

Номер: US20160122675A1
Автор: KINOSHITA Shigeru, Takahashi Yoichi
Принадлежит: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.)

A method and device manufacturing solid fuel, the method includes: mixing porous coal with a mixture oil containing solvent oil and heavy oil, to obtain material slurry; heating the material slurry to promote dehydration of porous coal and impregnating the mixture oil into pores of porous coal, to obtain dehydrated slurry; separating upgraded porous coal and the mixture oil from the dehydrated slurry; drying the upgraded porous coal by heating and conveying it while supplying carrier gas; setting a target value of the circulation amount of carrier gas and a target value of the pressure of carrier gas at the drying; calculating control outputs, based on deviations between the target values and measured values corresponding respectively thereto; and adjusting the supply amount of carrier gas, based on a smaller value between the control outputs obtained. 1: A method of manufacturing solid fuel comprising:mixing porous coal with a mixture oil containing solvent oil and heavy oil, to obtain material slurry;heating the material slurry to promote dehydration of porous coal and impregnating the mixture oil into pores of porous coal, to obtain dehydrated slurry;separating upgraded porous coal and the mixture oil from the dehydrated slurry;drying the upgraded porous coal by heating and conveying it while supplying carrier gas;setting a target value of the circulation amount of carrier gas and a target value of the pressure of carrier gas at the drying;calculating control outputs, based on deviations between the target values and measured values corresponding respectively thereto; andadjusting the supply amount of carrier gas, based on a smaller value between the control outputs obtained.2: The method of manufacturing solid fuel according to claim 1 , whereinthe target values are each decided based on the supply amount of upgraded porous coal to be dried at the drying and on the amount of oil contained in upgraded porous coal subjected to the drying.3: The method of ...

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Номер записи: 98
03-05-2018 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF A CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK MATERIAL FROM A WASTE CARBON SOURCE

Номер: US20180119040A1
Автор: BUNT John Reginald, MARX Sanette, WAANDERS Frans Boudewijn
Принадлежит:

The production carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources and the use thereof in gasification processes for hazardous emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphur are significantly minimized and enhanced reaction rates are described. A process for producing a carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources, including the steps consisting of: (i) introducing a source of biochar to a source of discard coal fines to form a bio-coal mixture; (ii) introducing a catalyst additive selected from the group consisting of a source of an alkali metal or a source of an alkaline earth metal to the bio-coal mixture; (iii) optionally, contacting the bio-coal mixture with a binder; and (iv) compacting the resulting mixture of step (ii) or (iii) to form one or more carbonaceous feedstock briquettes, the size of said briquettes having a dimension of at least 5 mm. 1. A process for producing a carbonaceous feedstock material from waste-containing carbon sources , the process including the steps consisting of:(i) introducing a source of biochar to a source of discard coal fines to form a bio-coal mixture;(ii) introducing a catalyst additive selected from the group consisting of a source of an alkali metal or a source of an alkaline earth metal to the bio-coal mixture;(iii) optionally, contacting the bio-coal mixture with a binder; and(iv) compacting the resulting mixture of step (ii) or (iii) to form one or more carbonaceous feedstock briquettes, the size of said briquettes having a dimension of at least 5 mm.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock briquettes are employed for use in reducing the melting point and increasing the efficiency of in-situ sulphur retention of the carbonaceous feedstock material during gasification processes.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the in-situ sulpur capturing gasification process is a fixed-bed gasifier claim 2 , operating in catalytic gasification mode.4. The process of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 99
24-07-2014 дата публикации

TORREFACTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS INCLUDING CATALYTIC OXIDATION AND/OR REUSE OF COMBUSTION GASES DIRECTLY IN A TORREFACTION REACTOR, COOLER, AND/OR DRYER/PREHEATER

Номер: US20140202073A1
Автор: Leonhardt Mark Alan
Принадлежит: Advanced Torrefaction Systems, LLC

A method for torrefying biomass comprises using an oxidation catalyst to combust gas produced by torrefaction, and thereby produce combustion flue gas. The method also comprises introducing the combustion flue gas into a torrefaction reactor and/or a cooler. 1. A method relating to biomass torrefaction , the method comprising:producing combustion gases, which includes using an oxidation catalyst; andintroducing the resultant combustion gases into a torrefaction reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method includes using the resultant combustion gases introduced into the torrefaction reactor to support direct heating and/or torrefying of the biomass in the torrefaction reactor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method includes introducing the resultant combustion gases into the torrefaction reactor such that the resultant combustion gases contact the biomass in the torrefaction reactor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method includes:introducing the resultant combustion gases into the torrefaction reactor such that the resultant combustion gases contact the biomass in the torrefaction reactor, and thereby support direct heating and/or torrefying of the biomass in the torrefaction reactor; and/orintroducing the resultant combustion gases into a cooler such that the resultant combustion gases contact torrefied biomass in the cooler, and thereby support direct cooling of the torrefied biomass in the cooler; and/orintroducing the resultant combustion gases into a dryer/preheater such that the resultant combustion gases contact biomass in the dryer/preheater, and thereby support direct preheating, extraction of moisture, and/or drying of the biomass in a dryer/preheater; and/orusing the resultant combustion gases in a condensation jacket of a dryer/preheater to support indirect heating of biomass in the dryer/preheater.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein producing combustion gases includes:using an oxidation catalyst that provides a low residual-oxygen ...

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Номер записи: 100