СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АКТИВИРОВАННЫХ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ И СТИМУЛИРОВАННЫХ ИЛИ СВЕРХСТИМУЛИРОВАННЫХ КАРБОНАТНЫХ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ/ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ, В ЧАСТНОСТИ, ДЛЯ МЕТАНИЗАЦИИ ИЛИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОГАЗА

... 1. Способ получения стимулированных или сверхстимулированных растительных комплексов CVD или CVSD "с укрытием компоста", отличающийся тем, что он включает следующие этапы:a) приготовление нескольких, предпочтительно от 6 до 20, или предпочтительно от 8 до 15, активированных растительных комплексов CV путем покрытия слоем необработанной соломы нескольких пластов (6-20 или 8-15) растительных комплексов, каждый из которых получен из конкретного растения или растительного материала, и подвергание этих продуктов разложению или вне почвы в течение 2-8, предпочтительно 3-6 месяцев, или наполовину закопанными в землю в течение 18-24 месяцев, предпочтительно 2 лет, а затем, по окончании указанных периодов, уборка этих продуктов разложения, что образуют растительный комплекс "CV",b) сушка CV до концентрации сухих веществ примерно 60-80%,c) смешение сухого CV с карбонатным материалом, в частности карбонатом кальция, из расчета 70-95 вес.% карбонатного материала, что образует "карбонатный растительный ...

СПОСОБЫ КОНВЕРСИИ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ В ФУРАНОВЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ

АНАЭРОБНЫЙ РЕАКТОР

... 1. Анаэробный реактор, содержащий две или более отдельные реакционные камеры, расположенные одна над другой.2. Анаэробный реактор по п.1, который включает наружный корпус.3. Анаэробный реактор по п.2, в котором в наружном корпусе расположены твердые элементы конструкции, отделяющие смежные камеры друг от друга.4. Анаэробный реактор по любому из пп.1-3, дополнительно включающий устройства регулирования давления, расположенные на выходе из каждой камеры.5. Анаэробный реактор по любому из пп.1-3, дополнительно включающий устройства уравнивания давления, расположенные между смежными камерами.6. Анаэробный реактор по п.2, который выполнен в форме бака, причем бак разделен на отдельные камеры при помощи твердых элементов конструкции.7. Анаэробный реактор по п.1, который выполнен в форме отдельных устанавливаемых в стойку камер.8. Анаэробный реактор по п.1, который является реактором с насадочным слоем, необязательно многослойным реактором.9. Анаэробный реактор по п.8, в котором каждая камера ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТОВ РАСЩЕПЛЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОВ ИЗ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫХ МЕТАРИАЛОВ

... 1. Способ получения продуктов расщепления углеводов, в частности сахара, отличающийся тем, что- лигноцеллюлозные материалы обрабатывают водным раствором, который содержит, спирт, в частности Cспирт или фенол, и имеет значение рН от 11,0 до 14,0, с расщеплением лигноцеллюлозы и с отделением продуктов расщепления от материала, при этом получают обогащенный целлюлозой и гемицеллюлозой материал, и- полученный обогащенный целлюлозой и гемицеллюлозой материал обрабатывают по меньшей мере одним расщепляющим углеводы ферментом для того, чтобы получить продукты расщепления углеводов.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что водный раствор имеет значение рН от 11,0 до 13,0.3. Способ по одному из пп.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что расщепление проходит при температуре меньше 100°С.4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что расщепление проходит при температуре меньше 40°С.5. Способ по одному из пп.1, 2 или 4, отличающийся тем, что в качестве лигноцеллюлозных материалов используют солому, багассу, энергетическое ...

Gas prodn. from rotting organic waste material - by partly dewatering chopped wet raw material and treating with low-oxygen content fluid before entering reaction vessel

In a procedure for producing gas from rotting organic material in a foul gas reactor (13), the wet mixt. of raw materials, pref. having been chopped or ground in a wet process, is at least partly de-watered and in this way the oxygen-rich gas in the raw material is at least partly sepd.. The raw material may be rinsed with a rinsing fluid of low oxygen content in order to remove the oxygen-rich gas. Waste water from the reactor, and/or from the de-watering of the residual material from the reactor, may be used for rinsing, as also may be an exhaust gas from for example the combustion of the foul gas. The rinsing fluid (10) is passed through the solid material as it separates from the liquid in the de-watering process (9). During transport from the de-watering stage to the mashing (11), the raw material is kept under a low-oxygen gas atmos., which may be in partic. an atmos. of exhaust gas from a combustion process. USE/ADVANTAGE - Used the prodn. of gas from rotting organic material in ...

Process to convert bovine neural tissue into methane minimizes the problems associated with the disposal of possibly infected neural tissue

In a process to use slaughterhouse residues, the cattle brains and marrowbone are finely shredded and pulverized to 200 m and are used for the generation of methane. The body tissues are mechanically shredded and powdered in raw form, and are then mixed with water to produce a paste. One kilo of dry powder produces 500 cubic meters of gas, of which 65 to 72 per cent is methane.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verwertung von Feucht- und Trockenhalmgut

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Verwertung von Biomasse, die bei Maßnahmen zur Landschaftspflege, bei der Pflege kommunaler Rasenflächen, bei Pflegmaßnahmen privater Haushalte und bei der Rasen- und Wiesenmahd anfällt. Es werden nachfolgende Verfahrensschritte durchlaufen: Biomasse, insbesondere Feuchthalmgut (10) werden in Form einer Silage (12) gelagert. Die Silage (12) wird kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich einem Lager entnommen. Die Silage (12) wird als Biomasse einem Rührwerkreaktor (16) unter Wasserzugabe (20) zugeführt. Danach erfolgt ein Abpressen der Biomasse in einer Presse (24), bei der es sich insbesondere um eine Schneckenpresse handelt, wodurch ein Feststoffstrom (28) und ein flüssiger Strom (30) erhalten werden. Der flüssige Stoffstrom (30) wird einer anaeroben Behandlung (34) zugeführt, während der Feststoffstrom (28) thermisch und/oder biologisch getrocknet wird. Anschließend erfolgt eine thermische Verwertung des behandelten Feststoffstromes (38), ...

Fermentation of biomass and production of biogas, comprises sprinkling fermenter content using a nozzle, conducting fermentation residue from an opening below liquid level and adding fresh biomass below liquid level or above a pipeline

Fermentation of biomass and production of biogas in a fermenter, comprises sprinkling the fermenter content using at least one nozzle (4), where the jet is positioned horizontally upward at an angle of about 0[deg] , conducting the fermentation residue in flowable consistency from at least an opening below the liquid level; and adding fresh biomass below the liquid level or above a pipeline. Independent claims are included for: (1) an apparatus for the fermentation of biomass and the production of biogas, comprising a fermenter, which does not have stirring device, at least one nozzle (4) attached at the sides of the fermenter, a pipeline- or hose-line system and a pump (5), which are connected to the nozzles, openings for discharge of biogas, and a device for injection of fresh biomass; and (2) a biogas plant, comprising the device, measuring devices, safety valves, dehydrator, at least one gas storage container, gas pipelines to link the individual components.

Biogasification plant comprises a drying fermenter connected with percolate processor, which consists two closed chambers connected with one another as heating chamber for percolate and as fermentation chamber for methanizing organic acids

The biogasification plant has two heatable drying fermenters (1) connected with percolate processor (6), which consists two closed chambers connected with one another as heating chamber (7) for percolate from the drying fermenter and as fermentation chamber (8) for methanizing organic acids dissolved in the heated percolate, The percolate arrives from one of the drying fermenter to the percolate processor and/or to other drying fermenter. The organic acid in the fermentation chamber is arranged at a structure body with a large surface for the settlement of methane-forming microorganisms. The biogasification plant has two heatable drying fermenters (1) connected with percolate processor (6), which consists two closed chambers connected with one another as heating chamber (7) for percolate from the drying fermenter and as fermentation chamber (8) for methanizing organic acids dissolved in the heated percolate, The percolate arrives from one of the drying fermenter to the percolate processor ...

Verfahren zur Umwandlung des Kohlendioxids im Rauchgas durch bakterielle Vergärung zu Methan als Endstufe der Rauchgasreinigung in Kohlekraftwerken

Anaerobic digestion of organic material

Anaerobic digestion of degradable organic material is effected in a single 2-stage reactor equipped for controlled recycle of water drained from the reactor ...

Anaerobic digestion process

Anaerobic digestion process for organic waste products in which a) in a first step, the organic waste products are subjected to a digestion treatment under anaerobic conditions, as a result of which a digested slurry and fermentation gas, which contains methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, are formed, b) in a second step, the digested slurry obtained in the first step is subjected to a solid/liquid separation treatment, digested water separated off and digested sludge being formed, c) in a third step, calcium hydroxide is added to a portion of the digested water separated off obtained in the second step in order to make the water basic, d) in a fourth step, the gas which was recovered in the first step and which contains methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is passed through the digestive separated-off basic water obtained in the third step, as a result of which hydrogen and methane and digested separated-off water, which contains absorbed carbon dioxide ...

Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung biogener Reststoffe von Anlagen zur Bioethanolgewinnung und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung biogener Reststoffe der Bioethanolgewinnung durch Einsatz der Reststoffe in eine Nassfermentation, durch Konzentration des gesamten Nährstoffpotentials in Form von Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kalium und Schwefel in einer aus den Fermentationsrückständen gewonnenen Düngemittelfraktion, und durch Bereitstellung des entschwefelten Biogases für die energetische Verwertung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die anfallenden biogenen Reststoffe aus dem Brennereiprozess, wie Schlempen, Filterstäube, wässrige Medien aus der periodischen Anlagenreinigung und Fuselöle, einem Suspendierprozess unterzogen werden, dass unter Einsatz von Zusatzstoffen mit Trockenmassegehalten von wenigstens 25% in der Biosuspension ein Trockenmassegehalt zwischen 12 und 18% eingestellt wird, dass die erzeugte Biosuspension einem aeroben Hydrolyseprozess unterzogen wird, dass das aus der Biosuspension erzeugte Hydrolysat einem anaeroben Fermentersystem aus wenigstens einem hydraulisch ...

Mixed organic waste disposal by conversion to solid and gaseous fuels

Organic materials in the waste are separated from inorganics and metals (13, 14), before de-watering (3) and pelletization (6). Water released is fermented in reactors (4). Biogas produced is consumed in a power station (10), or is sent to a pressure reactor (5), for reforming with the pellets. An Independent claim is included for the corresponding plant.

System and method for modular batch production of bio-methane from wet municipal solid waste (MSW)

A system for a batch production of bio-methane using wet municipal solid waste (MSW), characterised in that the system comprises: a segregator sub-system 100 comprising: a fractionaliser and an air density separator for segregation into a dry, wet and inert fraction; a modular digestion sub-system 300 for converting the wet fraction to bio-methane under anaerobic conditions, comprising: an automatic sealing unit which contains a plurality of digesters which are held in a tank and the space between is filled with water which acts as a jacket; and a collection unit; wherein an automatic sealing unit having an overhead tank coupled with a ball valve, an overflow pipe, a collection tank and a pump; and an automatic purification sub-system 400 that facilitates purification of evolved biogas into 91-93% bio-methane, comprising a housing configured with a balloon, sensors and a purifier. A method for the production of bio-methane from MSW comprises layering wet MSW with mixtures comprising mother ...

Improved digestion of wastes

Electrical energy generating system

Biological production of methane utilising the molecular mechanisms and proliferation in methanogenic archaea for use as a renewable fuel

Treating solid waste material

A process for treating solid waste material comprises: a) preparing a slurry comprising particles of the solid waste material in a liquid carrier, the particles having sizes less than a predetermined maximum size; b) subjecting a decomposable fraction of the solid waste material to a fermentation process in a solids digestion vessel to produce a compostable 10 material and a fermentation gas comprising mainly carbon dioxide; c) before the fermentation gas from the slurry contains as much as 1% of methane by volume, removing liquid from the solids digestion vessel to leave a compostable fermented solid waste material; d) removing at least some of the compostable solid waste material from the solids digestion vessel; e) feeding at least some of the liquid from step (c) to a liquid digestion vessel; and f) subjecting the liquid in the liquid digestion vessel to anaerobic bacterial digestion to produce a liquid fraction containing active anaerobic bacteria and a methane-rich gas fraction. Also ...

System and method for modular batch production of bio-methane from wet municipal solid waste (MSW)

Agricultural system and method

Bioconversion of agricultural wastes into proteinaceous animal feed

The present invention is directed to the conversion of agricultural waste material, including animal manure and crop wastes, by a fermentation process using edible microbial organisms, into proteinaceous animal feed products.

Processing biomass

Talaromyces emersonii enzyme system

PROCESSES FOR BIOCONVERSION OF CARBON BEARING MATERIALS

Conversion systems for biomass

BIOGAS PROCESS WITH NUTRIENT RECOVERY

Method and bioreactor for producing synfuel from carbonaceous material

Pretreatment of non-wood lignocellulosic material.

BIOGAS PROCESS WITH NUTRIENT RECOVERY

PROCESSES FOR BIOCONVERSION OF CARBON BEARING MATERIALS

LIGHTWEIGHT ASSEMBLABLE APPLIANCE AND RESPECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND LIQUID FERTILIZER

Conversion systems for biomass

Pretreatment of non-wood lignocellulosic material

Method and device for continuous dry methanisation

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND COLLECTION OF PRODUCTS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Conversion systems for biomass

Method and bioreactor for producing synfuel from carbonaceous material

Talaromyces emersonii enzyme system

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Method for processing plant remains

Method and device for continuous dry methanisation

PROCESSES FOR BIOCONVERSION OF CARBON BEARING MATERIALS

Processing of biomass materials

LIGHTWEIGHT ASSEMBLABLE APPLIANCE AND RESPECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND LIQUID FERTILIZER

BIOGAS PROCESS WITH NUTRIENT RECOVERY

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biogas generator

Pretreatment of non-wood lignocellulosic material.

Conversion systems for biomass

Systems and methods for anaerobic digestion and collection of products.

Processing biomass

LIGHTWEIGHT ASSEMBLABLE APPLIANCE AND RESPECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND LIQUID FERTILIZER

Talaromyces emersonii enzyme system

Processing biomass

Processing biomass

Methods and compositions for biomethane production

Process and installation to carry out degradation in anaerobic medium of products, by-products and organic waste of human, animal and/or vegetable origin.

Process of obtaining proteinic matters starting from agricultural waste.

Method for processing plant remains

Methods and compositions for biomethane production

Systems and methods for anaerobic digestion and collection of products.

Conversion systems for biomass

LIGHTWEIGHT ASSEMBLABLE APPLIANCE AND RESPECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND LIQUID FERTILIZER

Conversion systems for biomass

Biogas generator

Conversion systems for biomass

Method and device for continuous dry methanisation

Processing biomass

Processing biomass

Processing of biomass materials

LIGHTWEIGHT ASSEMBLABLE APPLIANCE AND RESPECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND LIQUID FERTILIZER

Methods and compositions for biomethane production

Method for processing plant remains

Pretreatment of non-wood lignocellulosic material.

Systems and methods for anaerobic digestion and collection of products.

Processing of biomass materials

Method and device for continuous dry methanisation

Processing biomass

LIGHTWEIGHT ASSEMBLABLE APPLIANCE AND RESPECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND LIQUID FERTILIZER

Processing biomass

Biogas generator

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Method and bioreactor for producing synfuel from carbonaceous material

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON STICKSTOFFVERBINDUNGEN ENTHALTENDEN ORGANISCHEN MASSEN

VERFAHREN ZUR ENTSORGUNG VON ERDOELHALTIGEN ABFAELLEN UNTER VERWENDUNG VON KOMMUNALEN ABFAELLEN

The invention relates to a method for disposing of crude oil-containing wastes by mixing with municipal wastes, wherein a solid municipal waste containing at least 200 g/kg of organic substances and having a volumetric density of 300 to 500 kg/m<3> is intimately mixed with the oily waste containing crude oil or by-products of crude oil processing and the crude oil content of the mixture is thus adjusted to at most 5 % by mass and the mixture is dumped (in cassettes) in conventional soil-covered landfills for the deposition of municipal wastes and, if possible, the corresponding biogas is recovered.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIO ETHANOL AND FOR KOPRODUKTION OF ENERGY FROM A STÄRKEHALTIGEN VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC MATERIAL

VERFAHREN ZUR ABTRENNUNG EINER KOMPONENTE AUS EINEM GASGEMISCH

The invention describes a process for separating off at least in part at least one component from a gas mixture, in particular from biogas (2), wherein, in a reactor (4) having an interior (21), microorganisms (10) are provided for by a process liquid (9), in particular a wash solution and/or nutrient solution. In particular, silicon-containing compounds, such as siloxanes, are at least in part separated off via aerobic, in particular mesophilic, microorganisms (10).

PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS FROM REGENERATING RAW MATERIALS FOR FERMENTATION GAS IN ANAEROBIC FERMENTERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISPOSAL OF OIL-BEARING WASTES USING LOCAL WASTES

ZEOLITH IN DER BIOGASGEWINNUNG

VERFAHREN ZUR BIOGENEN SYNTHESE VON METHAN AUS BIOMASSE

Es wird ein Verfahren zur biogenen Synthese von Methan aus Biomasse beschrieben, die durch eine Hydrolyse und eine Versäuerung aufgeschlossen und einer Methanogenese unterworfen.wird. Um eine Produktionssteigerung zu erreichen, wird vorgeschlagen, dass während der Versäuerung freigesetzte, überschüssige Wasserstoffionen in einem elektrischen Gleichfeld an einer Kathode gesammelt und als molekularer Wasserstoff abgezogen werden.

Selektive Abtrennung von Wasser bei gleichzeitiger Biomasse- und Medienkomponentenretention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur selektiven Abscheidung von Wasser aus Prozessflüssigkeiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Wasser bei der Durchführung eines Bioprozesses mittels eines Membranmoduls selektiv abgeschieden wird.

cell cultural status regulation

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Status einer Mikrobenkultur durch Messen zumindest eines Kulturparameters sowie anschließendes Korrelieren der Messwerte des zumindest einen Kulturparameters mit dem Status der Kultur, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem mikrobiellen Methanisierungsprozess unter Verwendung eines hydrogenotrophen methanogenen Mikroorganismus vor dem Beginn des Methanisierungsprozesses das spezifische Aminosäuresekretionsmuster des jeweils eingesetzten Mikroorganismus bestimmt wird; während des Prozesses die Konzentration zumindest einer speziellen Aminosäure im Kulturmedium bestimmt wird; und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich der Gesamtproteingehalt im Kulturmedium und der Anteil der zumindest einen Aminosäure am Gesamtproteingehalt bestimmt werden; wonach die Konzentration oder gegebenenfalls der Anteil der jeweiligen Aminosäure am Gesamtproteingehalt mit dem Status der Kultur korreliert wird, um so die Lebensfähigkeit der Kultur abzuschätzen und/oder die ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE ENVIRONMENTALCOMPATIBLE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AS WELL AS ARRANGEMENT COMPREHENSIVE A PURIFICATION PLANT

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF NITROGEN CONNECTIONS ABSTENTION ORGANIC MASSES

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHANE FROM CELEBRATIONS PLANT MATERIALS.

Systems and methods for digestion of solid waste

This invention relates generally to systems and methods for digestion of solid waste that simplify solids handling. In certain embodiments, anaerobic methane extraction takes place for a period of time (e.g., from 1 to 4 weeks), after which an aerobic composting process begins in the same chamber. The organic waste remains in place and oxygen (e.g., in air) is forced into the chamber for an additional period of time (e.g., from 2 to 4 weeks). At the conclusion of the aerobic phase, the process yields a rough compost product that is stable and pathogen free. The rough compost can be further processed and blended to create high value engineered soils.

Generation of materials with enhanced hydrogen content from anaerobic microbial consortia including desulfuromonas or clostridia

An isolated microbial consortia is described. The consortia may include a first-bite microbial consortium that converts a starting hydrocarbon that is a complex hydrocarbon into two or more first-bite metabolic products. The consortia may also include a downstream microbial consortium that converts a starting hydrocarbon metabolic product into a downstream metabolic product. The downstream metabolic product has a greater mol. % hydrogen than the starting hydrocarbon. The first-bite microbial consortium or the downstream microbial consortium includes one or more species of Desulfuromonas.

Microbially-assisted water electrolysis for improving biomethane production

A method of producing in a bioreactor a biogas rich in methane involves electrolyzing water in an aqueous medium at a voltage in a range of from 1.8 V to 12 V in the presence of electrochemically active anaerobic microorganisms that biocatalyze production of hydrogen gas, and, contacting a species of hydrogenotrophic methanogenic microorganisms with the hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide to produce methane. Volumetric power consumption is in a range of from 0.03 Wh/L R to 0.3 Wh/L R . Current density is 0.01 A/cm E 2 or lower. The voltage is sufficient to electrolyze water without destroying microbial growth. Such a method results in improved electrolysis efficiency while avoiding the use of noble metal catalysts. Further, a combination of water electrolysis with anaerobic degradation of organic matter results in increased biogas quality and in increased biogas quantity and yield. Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide contributes to the increased quality, while an increase in the rate of organic matter hydrolysis and an increase in the production of methane from hydrogen contributes to the increased quantity and yield.

Method for producing biogas or sewage gas

The invention relates to a method for producing biogas or sewage gas by a multi-stage anaerobic reaction of biomass and/or sludge. Considering the disadvantages of the known prior art, a method is to be provided that leads to a higher yield of raw gas or biogas and a higher content of methane in the raw gas and enables an economically improved operating method. To this end, the reaction is carried out in the first fermentation stage (F 1 ) while maintaining a TS content of 3 to 8% and a volume load of 1 to 3 kg OTS/m 3 d. In the second fermentation stage (F 2 ), a further reaction of the solid matter phase is carried out while maintaining a TS content of 8 to 40% and a volume load of over 2 kg OTS/ m 3 d. In the second fermentation stage, the fermentation substrate is set to a TS content that is higher than the TS content of the first stage. In both fermentation stages, the reaction is carried out in the range from slightly acidic to neutral (pH value 6.5 to 8). The biogas obtained in the fermentation stages (F 1, F 2 ) is combined or removed separately and is subjected to further purification.

Methods and products using grass of the genus triodia

According to this invention, plants of the genus Triodia are harvested for use as a renewable energy source or as a means of carbon sequestration. Triodia is a hummock-forming grass endemic to Australia, commonly known as spinifex. It is an abundant perennial plant which grows in semi-arid and arid regions. The novel use of Triodia as a biofuel feedstock has many advantages over the prior art. Being perennial, there is no need to plant and fertilise crops. The plants can be continuously harvested without damaging the soil. Triodia grows well with even small amounts of natural rainfall.

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

Process for producing biogas

Process for the production of a biogas containing methane from an organic matter amenable to anaerobic digestion comprising feeding an anaerobic digester with the organic matter, said anaerobic digester containing a digestion medium comprising microorganisms capable of digesting said organic matter, wherein the total inorganic carbon concentration of the digestion medium is maintained above 9000 mg of equivalent CaCO 3 /l and the buffering capacity is maintained above 200 mmol/l by the addition of a buffering reagent comprising sodium bicarbonate to the digestion medium.

Biological and chemical process utilizing chemoautotrophic microorganisms for the chemosythetic fixation of carbon dioxide and/or other inorganic carbon sources into organic compounds, and the generation of additional useful products

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for the recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps.

Method and system for the gas-tight process control of percolators in a biogas method having two or more stages

The invention relates to a method and a system for obtaining biogas in two or more stages in a hydrolysis and a methane stage, wherein the hydrolysis of solid biogenic materials is performed in at least two percolators operated at offset times. Liquid hydrolyzate and COrich hydrolysis gas, and then hydrolysis gas comprising methane thereby arises in the percolator. The liquid hydrolyzate is removed from the percolators, wherein part of the hydrolyzate is fed into the methane stage and the other part of the hydrolysis stage. In the methane stage, the hydrolyzate is converted to biogas and fermenting fluid. In the method according to the invention, the percolators are operated in a gas tight manner and hydrolysis gas is drawn off from the percolators, wherein the hydrolysis gas comprising methane is fed to an energy utilization and COrich hydrolysis gas is used for purging a further percolator operated at an offset time. The system according to the invention is suitable for performing said method and comprises at least two gas tight percolators that are interconnected by means of the gas supply lines thereof, and at least one methane reactor. 1. A method for obtaining biogas in two or more stages by hydrolysis of solid biogenic material in at least two percolators operated at offset times , comprising a hydrolysis stage and a methane stage , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'hydrolyzing biogenic material in the hydrolysis stage to form in the percolator liquid hydrolysate and hydrolysis gas at first CO-rich hydrolysis gas being formed and afterwards methane-containing hydrolysis gas being formed,'}removing the hydrolysate from the percolators and collecting the hydrolysate,feeding one part of the hydrolysate into the methane stage and feeding the other part of the hydrolysate into the hydrolysis stage,converting the hydrolysate in the methane stage into biogas and fermentation liquid by methane-forming microorganisms,removing the fermentation liquid from the methane ...

Method to reduce ghg emissions of fuel production

The present invention provides a method comprising carrying out an anaerobic digestion that produces biomethane and biogenic carbon dioxide and supplying the biogenic carbon dioxide for use in one or more enhanced oil or gas recovery operations. The biogenic carbon dioxide supplied to the one or more enhanced oil or gas recovery operations displaces the use of geologic carbon dioxide. Further provided is a method to reduce the life cycle GHG emissions associated with the production of a liquid fuel or fuel intermediate in a fuel production facility by providing such biomethane for use in the fuel production facility or associated utilities to supply energy. The present invention also relates to a method for receiving carbon dioxide at an enhanced oil or gas recovery site that has the GHG emission attributes of the biogenic carbon dioxide and using the received carbon dioxide to displace geologic carbon dioxide.

Industrial fatty acid engineering general system for modifying fatty acids

Compositions and methods for a hybrid biological and chemical process utilizing chemotrophic microorganisms that converts syngas and/or gaseous CO2 and/or a mixture of CO2 gas and H2 gas into one or more desaturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxy acids, or diacids.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND MODIFYING CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS

This invention generally relates to natural gas and methylotrophic energy generation, bio-generated fuels and microbiology. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides nutrient amendments and microbial compositions, e.g., consortia, that are both specifically optimized to stimulate methanogenesis, or for “methylotrophic” or other conversions. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides methods to develop nutrient amendments and microbial compositions that are both specifically optimized to stimulate methanogenesis in a given reservoir. The invention also provides methods for the evaluation of potentially damaging biomass formation and scale precipitation resulting from the addition of nutrient amendments. In other embodiments, the invention provides methods for simulating biogas in sub-surface conditions using a computational model. 1. A composition , a fluid , a bioreactor , a mud , a reservoir , a product of manufacture or a synthetic consortium comprising:(1) a plurality of microorganism strains, (a) at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or eleven or all twelve of the microorganism strains of Consort-ABS1; or', '(b) a group (or “consortium”) of different microorganism strains comprising at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven or twelve different microorganism strains, each strain comprising at least one 16S rRNA gene or nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid having at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% (complete) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 12, or', '(c) a group (or “consortium”) of different microorganism strains consisting of at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven or twelve different microorganism strains, each strain comprising at least one ...

Anaerobic Reactor

An anaerobic reactor comprising two or more discrete reaction chambers arranged one above the other is disclosed. The reactor may be in the form of a tank separated into discrete chambers by means of solid members, or the reactor may be in the form of separate and stackable chambers. Additionally, the reactor may be a packed bed reactor, a fluidised bed reactor, or a hybrid reactor comprising at least one packed bed reaction chamber and at least one fluidised bed reaction chamber. Use of an anaerobic reactor according to the invention enables an increase in the yield of biogas that can be produced per unit area of land occupied by an anaerobic reactor. A method of producing biogas is also disclosed, the method comprising providing an anaerobic reactor according to the invention, providing input biomass, carrying out anaerobic digestion of the biomass in the reactor, and collecting the biogas produced. 1. An anaerobic reactor comprising two or more discrete reaction chambers arranged one above the other.2. An anaerobic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises an outer housing.3. An anaerobic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein solid members located within the outer housing separate adjacent chambers from one another.4. An anaerobic reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising pressure regulating devices positioned at the discharge from each chamber.5. An anaerobic reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising pressure equalisation devices located between adjacent chambers.6. An anaerobic reactor according to claim 3 , wherein the reactor is in the form of a tank claim 3 , said tank being separated into discrete chambers by means of the solid members.7. An anaerobic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is in the form of separate and stackable chambers.8. An anaerobic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a packed bed reactor claim 1 , optionally a multibed reactor.9. An anaerobic reactor according to claim ...

CONVERSION OF ALGAE TO LIQUID METHANE, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems and methods for converting algae to liquid methane are disclosed. The system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes an algae cultivator, an anaerobic digester operatively coupled to the algae cultivator to receive algae and produce biogas, and a biogas converter coupled to the anaerobic digester to receive the biogas and produce liquefied methane and thermal energy, at least a portion of the thermal energy resulting from a methane liquefaction process. The system can further include a thermal path between the biogas converter and at least one of the algae cultivator and the anaerobic digester. The system can still further include a controller coupled to the biogas converter and at least one of the algae cultivator and the anaerobic digester. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed (e.g., based on measured variables of the system), direct the portion of thermal energy between the biogas converter and the algae cultivator and/or anaerobic digester. 1. A system for processing methane , comprising:an algae cultivator;an anaerobic digester operatively coupled to the algae cultivator to receive algae and produce biogas;a biogas converter coupled to the anaerobic digester to receive the biogas and produce liquefied methane and thermal energy, at least a portion of the thermal energy resulting from a methane liquefaction process;a thermal path between the biogas converter and at least one of the algae cultivator and the anaerobic digester; anda controller coupled to the biogas converter and the at least one of the algae cultivator and the anaerobic digester, the controller being programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the portion of thermal energy between the biogas converter and the at least one of the algae cultivator and the anaerobic digester.2. The system of wherein the biogas converter includes a refrigeration cycle claim 1 , and wherein the thermal path is positioned to transmit a refrigerated ...

Method and Apparatus for Producing Engineered Fuel from High Cellulose Feedstock

An apparatus and method for producing methane gas, synthetic hydrocarbon gas, and fertilizer is provided. The apparatus includes a mix tank for mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry and a generator having an exhaust. The apparatus further includes a stir tank reactor for converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid, and a separator for separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid. An anaerobic digester decomposes the received liquid received from the stir tank into methane and liquid components. A carbon dioxide scrubber scrubs the methane component of carbon dioxide. The method includes mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry, and converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid. It also includes separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid and decomposing the liquid into methane and liquid components, and scrubbing the methane component of carbon dioxide.

SYNGAS BIOMETHANATION PROCESS AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM

An anaerobic digester is fed a feedstock, for example sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and produces a digestate. The digestate is dewatered into a cake. The cake may be dried further, for example in a thermal drier. The cake is treated in a pyrolysis system to produce a synthesis gas and biochar. The gas is sent to the same or another digester to increase its methane production. The char may be used as a soil enhancer. 1. A process comprising steps of ,a) producing a synthesis gas from pyrolysis of a feedstock; and,b) adding the synthesis gas to an anaerobic digester.2. The process of wherein the feedstock comprises one or more of a raw biomass claim 1 , wood claim 1 , municipal yard waste claim 1 , municipal solids waste claim 1 , primary sludge from a wastewater treatment plant claim 1 , waste activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant or an agricultural waste or residue.3. The process of wherein the feedstock comprises digestate.4. The process of wherein the digestate is produced by the anaerobic digester.5. The process of wherein the anaerobic digester is coupled with or part of a municipal wastewater treatment plant claim 1 , or an agricultural or industrial digester.6. The process of wherein the synthesis gas is cooled before it is fed to the digester.7. The process of wherein condensable organic compounds are removed from the synthesis gas and returned as feedstock to step a).8. An apparatus for transferring syngas to digestate comprising claim 1 ,a) a pipe between a source of digestate and a digester;b) a pump to create a flow of digestate in the pipe;c) an ejector, microbubble pump or gas transfer membrane in communication with pipe having an inlet connected to a source of the syngas.9. The apparatus of wherein the source of digestate is the digester.10. The apparatus of wherein the pipe is connected to multiple outlets in the digester.11. The apparatus of wherein the inlet is further connected to the headspace of the digester.12. ...

Methods and apparatuses for producing biogases

There are provided methods for producing at least one biogas comprising submitting an organic material to an anaerobic digestion process in an apparatus effective for carrying such a process so as to produce the at least one biogas, pressurizing the produced at least one biogas, and using the at least one biogas for conveying the organic material through the apparatus. Apparatuses for producing at least one biogas are also disclosed.

METHOD OF ORGANIC ACID FERMENTATION BY RUMEN FLUID USING CELLULOSE-CONTAINING WASTE MATTER

The present application provides a method for producing organic acid, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, or another high-quality raw material designed for methane fermentation and obtained by converting waste paper and other forms of cellulose-based biomass to organic acid, wherein said method comprising a step for reacting rumen fluid collected from a ruminant animal with cellulose-containing waste matter. This method provides the effective use of cellulose-containing waste matter, which is a high-quality fermentation resource. 1. A method for increasing an amount of the production of acetic acid in the production of organic acids to serve as the raw material for methane fermentation , comprising reacting rumen fluid collected from a ruminant with cellulose-containing waste , wherein the reaction between the rumen fluid collected from the ruminant and the cellulose-containing waste is carried out in anaerobic conditions generated by co-existence of cysteine at a concentration of 0.025˜0.25% by weight.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulose-containing waste is waste paper.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ruminant is cattle.46-. (canceled)7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction between the rumen fluid with the cellulose-containing waste is carried out in a closed system under atmosphere of nitrogen or hydrogen.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction is kept at 30° C.˜45° C.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein pH of the reaction is in a range of 5.0˜8.010. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a waste concentration in the reaction system is 0. 5%˜7% by weight.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a final concentration of generated acetic acid is 10 g/L (reaction mixture) or more.12. A method for the production of methane claim 1 , comprising performing methane fermentation using as a raw material the organic acids or processed rumen fluid containing the organic ...

Als inhibitor herbicide tolerant beta vulgaris mutants

The present invention relates to an ALS inhibitor herbicide tolerant Beta vulgaris plant and parts thereof comprising a mutation of an endogenous acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene, wherein the ALS gene encodes an ALS polypeptide containing an amino acid different from tryptophan at a position 569 of the ALS polypeptide.

Stimulation of Biogenic Gas Generation in Deposits of Carbonaceous Material

The invention relates to treating of subterranean formations to increase the susceptibility (by way of chemical break down or solubilization, but not necessarily limited by these or any other theories) of large carbonaceous molecules therein, such as comprise coal, to bioconversion into methane and other useful hydrocarbon products by indigenous and/or non-indigenous microbial consortia, by introducing into the subterranean formations: (a) a solution containing at least one of an oxoacid ester of phosphorus or a thioacid ester of phosphorus; and (b) one or more other chemical compounds/chemical entities selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids, salts of carboxylic acids, oxoacids of phosphorus, salts of oxoacids of phosphorus, vitamins, minerals, mineral salts, metals, and yeast extracts. In an additional embodiment the treating of the subterranean formation further comprises introducing into the subterranean formation a microbial consortia (preferably comprised of methanogens).

Processing biomass and petroleum containing materials

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

METHOD AND PLANT FOR THE METHANATION OF BIOMASS

A method for the methanation of biomass and the energetic use of the biogas obtained in a plant featuring at least one fermenter operating in a batch process, the fermenter is filled with biomass, a loading opening is closed in an airtight manner, methane-rich biogas produced in a fermentation phase is fed into a first gas storage unit, at least intermittently, during the flushing of the fermenter with flushing air, mixed gas with low methane content is fed into a second gas storage unit, at least intermittently, the loading opening is opened and the fermentation residue is removed from the fermenter. The energetic use of gas stored in the second gas storage unit is carried out such that gas removed from this gas storage unit is mixed with the biogas removed from the first gas storage unit before the mixed gas produced in this way is subsequently used energetically. 11. A method for the methanation of biomass and the energetic use of the biogas obtained in a plant featuring at least one fermenter () operating in batch processing mode , where in at least one fermenter the following sequence of steps is cyclically repeated:{'b': 1', '2, 'a) Filling the fermenter () with biomass through a loading hatch () open to the environment,'}{'b': '2', 'b) airtight closing the loading hatch (),'}{'b': '14', 'c) feeding methane-rich biogas produced during the fermentation phase (II), at least temporarily, into a first gas storage unit (),'}{'b': 1', '15, 'd) flushing the fermenter () with flushing air, and, at least temporarily, feeding the mixed gas with low methane content, which leaves the fermenter during the flushing phase (III), into a second gas storage unit (),'}{'b': '2', 'e) opening the loading hatch (), and'}{'b': 1', '15', '14, 'f) removing the digestate from the fermenter (), where gas is removed from the second gas storage () unit and is mixed with biogas removed from the first gas storage (), and the mixed gas produced in this way is subsequently used energetically ...

Processing Biomass Containing Materials

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMASS DIGESTION

Provided herein are systems and methods for biomass digestion and products formed thereof. The products include one or more biogases, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classified Class A Biosolids, and pathogen reduced organic liquid fertilizer. Through the digestion of waste materials using sequential phases in an efficient digestion process, enhanced biomass conversion efficiency and improved output of products (in quantity and/or quality) are obtained with a significant reduction in dwell time in each phase. 1. A method for digesting a biomass , the method comprising:processing at least a portion of the biomass in a first unit to undergo a first digestion, wherein the first digestion is performed at a first temperature;processing at least another portion of the biomass in a second unit, wherein the at least another portion of the biomass transferred from the first unit to the second unit, wherein the at least another portion of the biomass in the second unit undergoes a second digestion, wherein the second digestion is performed at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature;processing at least a further portion of the biomass in at least one third unit, wherein the at least further portion of the biomass is transferred from the second unit to the at least one third unit, wherein in the at least one third unit the processing includes a third digestion, wherein the third digestion is performed at a third temperature that is higher than either the first temperature or the second temperature;diverting at least a portion of feedstream from the at least one third unit after undergoing the third digestion, wherein diverting provides a bioproduct suitable as one or more of a fuel, supplement, fertilizer and gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first unit digestion is a hydrolysis reaction performed under aerobic conditions.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second unit digestion is an acidification reaction performed under anaerobic ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING A FERMENTATION PLANT

A method for operating a fermentation plant with at least one digester that is supplied with a substrate. The substrate is percolated using a percolate from a percolate container and biogas that is generated via the percolation process in the digester or/and in the percolate container is drawn off. The drawn off biogas is treated in a biogas treatment device and the CO-containing exhaust gas that is generated during the treatment is introduced into the digester using a purge line, for forcing out and drawing off the biogas that was generated in the digester. Alternatively CO-containing biogas that was generated in an additional digester in a different fermentation process can be introduced into the digester for forcing out and drawing off the biogas that was generated in the digester. The CO-containing purge gas is forced to pass through the substrate dislodging any trapped biogas. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)81112212314111313311141411aaaaa. A method for operating a fermentation plant with at least one digester () to which a substrate to be digested () is supplied , whereby the substrate () is percolated with a percolate () from a percolate container () , and biogas that is generated in the digester () or/and in the percolate container () is withdrawn , whereby the withdrawn biogas is treated in a biogas treatment device and wherein CO-containing exhaust gas that is generated during treatment in the treatment device () is introduced into the digester () using a purge line () for removing any biogas that was generated in the digester () , whereby the CO-containing purge gas is introduced into the digester () such that it passes through the substrate () , whereby a treatment device () for treating biogas and/or at least one additional digester () is provided , whereby the treatment device () for the purpose of supplying CO-containing exhaust gas generated during the treatment process via an exhaust gas ...

Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Systems Wherein One of the Stages Comprises a Two-Phase System

Low cost, efficient two-stage anaerobic digestion systems for the production of biogas (e.g. methane) are provided. During the first stage, biogas is produced in a first reactor by anaerobic microbes cultured in two phases: a high solids phase and a low solids phase. During the second stage, biogas is produced in a second reactor by a methanogen-rich anaerobic culture cultured in low solids medium. Removal of effluent comprising pH lowering reaction products assists in maintaining a suitable pH in the high solids phase. The transfer of effluent from the second reactor to the first reactor assists in maintaining a suitable pH in the high solids phase, in mixing of the high solids phase, and in reseeding the high solids phase with methanogens. Methane is produced in and recovered from both reactors. 1. A method of producing biogas , comprising the steps ofi) in a first reactor, culturing at least one anaerobic microbial consortium in a high solids medium comprising 10 to 20% solids and having a pH in the range of from 6.0 to 7.5, for a period of time sufficient to produce biogas containing methane and to form a high solids phase and a low solids phase within said first reactor, wherein said high solids phase is positioned within a top portion of said first reactor and said low solids phase is positioned within a bottom portion of said first reactor, and wherein said high solids phase and said low solids phase are in direct contact with each other;ii) culturing, in a second reactor, at least one methanogen-rich anaerobic culture in a low solids medium comprising at most 1% solids and having a pH in the range of from 6.5 to 8.5, for a period of time sufficient to generate methane;during said steps of i) culturing and ii) culturing,iii) removing effluent containing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from said low solids phase in said first reactor at a rate that is sufficient to at least partially offset a decrease in pH within said high solids phase;iv) transferring effluent ...

Method and apparatus for producing cells and fat soluble materials by cell culture

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing cells without injury and fat-soluble materials by from cell culturing in an inexpensive and highly efficient manner. The apparatus according to the present invention comprises a culturing device 10 , a solvent device 20 , a mixing device 30 , a separation device 40 , a fractionation device 50 , a cell accommodation device 60 , and a fat-soluble material solvent accommodation device 70.

Process for Producing Biogas from Pectin and Lignocellulose Containing Material

The present invention relates to biogas production processes with enzymatic pre-treatment, said processes comprising the steps of providing a slurry comprising a lignocellulose- and pectin-containing material, water and two or more enzyme treatments; allowing the two or more enzyme-treatment steps to degrade the lignocellulose- and pectin-containing material, and adding the degraded material to a biogas digester tank at a suitable rate and ratio to effectively convert the material to biogas in the digester. 1. A biogas production process with two enzymatic pre-treatments , said process comprising the steps of:{'figref': {'@idref': 'DRAWINGS', 'FIG. 1'}, '(a) providing a slurry comprising a lignocellulose- and pectin-containing material, water and one or more enzyme (; enzyme 1), including, at least one pectate lyase, pectin lyase and/or pectin methylesterase;'}(b) allowing the one or more enzyme to catalyze the degradation of the material at a suitable temperature and a starting pH, wherein the pH drops to below 7 over time; and{'figref': {'@idref': 'DRAWINGS', 'FIG. 1'}, '(c) adding one or more additional enzyme (; enzyme 2) and allowing the one or more additional enzyme to catalyze the degradation of the material further at a suitable temperature and pH; and'}(d) adding the enzyme-degraded material to a biogas digester tank at a suitable rate and ratio to effectively convert the material to biogas in the digester.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more enzyme or additional enzyme is selected from the group consisting of an amylolytic enzyme claim 1 , a lipolytic enzyme claim 1 , a proteolytic enzyme claim 1 , a cellulolytic enzyme claim 1 , an oxidoreductase and a plant cell-wall degrading enzyme.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the one or more enzyme or additional enzyme is selected from the group consisting of aminopeptidase claim 2 , alpha-amylase claim 2 , amyloglucosidase claim 2 , arabinofuranosidase claim 2 , arabinoxylanase claim 2 , beta- ...

Methods for Harvesting and Processing Biomass

A system and method for harvesting and processing algae, the system and method including harvesting algae by mechanical or chemical system and processing the harvested algae to produce at least one of biodiesel, biosolvents, bioplastics, biogas, or fertilizer. 1. A system for harvesting algae , comprising:a mechanical harvesting system, anda chemical harvesting system.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical harvesting system comprises a rotating bioreactor.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chemical harvesting system comprises organic coagulants.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the organic coagulants comprise modified starch.5. A system for harvesting and processing algae claim 3 , comprising:a rotating bioreactor harvester,a chemical harvesting module,a biodiesel producing module,a biosolvent producing module,a bioplastics producing module, anda biogas and fertilizer producing module.6. A method for harvesting and processing algae claim 3 , the method comprising:harvesting algae, andprocessing algae.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein harvesting algae comprises harvesting algae with a rotating bioreactor.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein harvesting algae comprises harvesting algae with organic chemical coagulants.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein processing algae comprises wet lipid extraction.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein processing algae further comprises producing biodiesel.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein processing algae further comprises producing biosolvents.12. The method of claim 9 , wherein processing algae further comprises producing bioplastics.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein processing algae further comprises producing biogas and/or fertilizer. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/657,972, filed Jun. 11, 2012, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. This application hereby incorporates by reference the following related U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.: 12/907, ...

PROCESS FOR COMPLETE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF POLYMER MIXTURES

The present invention relates to a process for complete anaerobic digestion of polymer mixtures comprising: 16-. (canceled)7. A process for complete anaerobic digestion of polymer mixtures of the composition:a) 25 to 95% by weight of a polyhydroxyalkanoate selected from the group consisting of poly-4-hydroxybutyrates, poly-3-hydroxybutyrates, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerates), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoates) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrates), and [{'sub': 5', '36', '5', '36, 'i) 65 to 95 mol %, based on components i to ii, of one or more C-C-dicarboxylic acid derivatives or C-C-dicarboxylic acids;'}, 'ii) 35 to 5 mol %, based on components i to ii, of a terephthalic acid derivative or of a terephthalic acid;', {'sub': 2', '8', '2', '6, 'iii) 98 to 100 mol %, based on components i to ii, of an C-C-alkylenediol or CC-oxyalkylenediol;'}, 'iv) 0 to 2% by weight, based on the polymer obtainable from components i to iii, of at least one polyfunctional compound comprising at least two isocyanate, isocyanurate, oxazoline or epoxide groups or at least three alcohol or carboxylic acid groups., 'b) 5 to 75% by weight of an aliphatic-aromatic polyester comprising8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the polymer mixture comprises:a) 25 to 50% by weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoate, andb) 50 to 75% by weight of the aliphatic-aromatic polyester.9. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate (polymer component a)) used is a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) claim 7 , poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) or a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate).10. The process according to claim 7 , wherein 5 to 50% by weight of thermoplasticized starch claim 7 , based on the total weight of components a to c claim 7 , are added to the polymer mixture as a further component c).11. A process for complete anaerobic digestion of packaging for biological material claim 7 , comprising polymer mixtures ...

BIOGAS PRODUCTION

A process for the production of biogas from biodegradable material is disclosed, the process comprising the steps of: (a) adding the biodegradable material to the reactor; (b) inoculating a microorganisms; (c) adding a colloidal solution of surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles to the reactor; (d) providing anaerobic conditions; (e) carrying out an anaerobic digestion; and (f) collecting the biogas; wherein the steps (a), (b) and (c) can be carried out in any order. 1. A process for the production of biogas from biodegradable material which comprises the steps of:(a) adding a biodegradable material to the reactor;(b) inoculating a microorganisms;(c) adding a colloidal solution of surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles to the reactor;(d) providing anaerobic conditions;(e) carrying out an anaerobic digestion;(f) collecting the biogas;wherein the steps (a), (b) and (c) can be carried out in any order.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the iron oxide nanoparticles are FeOnanoparticles.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at a temperature between 30° C. and 70° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is a mesophilic bacterium.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the diameter of the iron oxide nanoparticles is between 5 nm and 30 nm.6. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the surface of the iron oxide nanoparticles is hydroxylated or coated with serum proteins.7. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the concentration of the iron oxide nanoparticles is between 0.5 and 1 mg/ml.8. A method for biogas production in anaerobic conditions and in the presence of iron ions in a biomass medium claim 2 , the methodadding iron oxide nanoparticles capable of supplying iron ions to the medium andcollecting biogas.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the iron oxide nanoparticles are surface modified.10. The method according to any of the claim 8 , wherein the iron oxide ...

Biological/Electrolytic Conversion of Biomass to Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon and hydrogen fuels and other products may be produced by a process employing a combination of fermentation and electrochemical stages. In the process, a biomass contained within a fermentation medium is fermented with an inoculum comprising a mixed culture of microorganisms derived the rumen contents of a rumen-containing animal. This inoculated medium is incubated under anaerobic conditions and for a sufficient time to produce volatile fatty acids. The resultant volatile fatty acids are then subjected to electrolysis under conditions effective to convert said volatile fatty acids to hydrocarbons and hydrogen simultaneously. The process can convert a wide range of biomass materials to a wide range of volatile fatty acid chain lengths and can convert these into a wide range of biobased fuels and biobased products. 2. The method of wherein said volatile fatty acids comprise C-2 to C-6 straight or branched chain fatty acids or salts thereof.3. The method of wherein said volatile fatty acids comprise acetic acid claim 2 , propionic acid claim 2 , butyric acid claim 2 , isobutyric acid claim 2 , 2-methyl butyric acid claim 2 , valeric acid claim 2 , isovaleric acid claim 2 , caproic acid or salts thereof.4. The method of wherein said hydrocarbons comprise alkanes claim 1 , alkenes claim 1 , dienes claim 1 , trienes or mixtures thereof.5. The method of wherein said hydrocarbons comprise methane claim 4 , ethane claim 4 , propane claim 4 , butane claim 4 , pentane claim 4 , hexane claim 4 , heptane claim 4 , octane claim 4 , ethylene claim 4 , propylene claim 4 , butene claim 4 , pentene claim 4 , or isomers or mixtures thereof.6. The method of wherein said fermenting is conducted without the addition of a significant amount of methane production inhibitors.7. The method of wherein said time is between 1 to 4 days.8. The method of wherein said time is between 2 to 3 days.9. The method of wherein said biomass comprises a cellulosic biomass.10. The method of ...

Emulsions to enhance microbial activity in a reservoir

The present application relates to methods of repressurizing petroleum reservoirs by increasing the rate of methane production.

Methods of anaerobic digestion of biomass to produce biogas

Improved methods for anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce biogas. Among the improvements given are including ferric iron in a hydrolysis reactor to increase the rate and efficiency of anaerobic hydrolysis to provide substrates for methanogenesis. A solids separation step is added after hydrolysis and before methanogenesis to improve the efficiency of the methanogenesis step. Other improvements involve using separate tanks for the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages and using two (or more) methanogenesis tanks in sequence, and switching the order of the two (or more) methanogenesis tanks periodically.

Generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbon bearing materials

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

METHOD FOR THE COMPLETE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF POLYMER MIXTURES

The present invention relates to a process for complete anaerobic digestion of polymer mixtures of the composition: 17-. (canceled)8. A process for complete anaerobic digestion of polymer mixtures of the composition:a) 25 to 95% by weight of a polyhydroxyalkanoate selected from the group consisting of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) and i) 65 to 100 mol %, based on components i to ii, of succinic acid or of a succinic acid derivative;', {'sub': 5', '36, 'ii) 0 to 35 mol %, based on components i to ii, of an aliphatic C-C-dicarboxylic acid, of a corresponding acid derivative or of a mixture;'}, {'sub': 2', '8', '2', '6, 'iii) 98 to 100 mol %, based on components i to ii, of a C-C-alkylenediol or C-C-oxyalkylenediol;'}, 'iv) 0 to 2% by weight, based on the polymer obtainable from components i to iii, of at least one polyfunctional compound comprising at least two isocyanate, isocyanurate, oxazoline or epoxide groups or at least three alcohol or carboxylic acid groups., 'b) 5 to 75% by weight of an aliphatic polyester comprising9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the polymer mixture comprises:a) 25 to 50% by weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoate andb) 50 to 75% by weight of the aliphatic polyester.10. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the aliphatic polyester b) has the following composition:i) 75 to 98 mol %, based on components i to ii, of succinic acid or of a succinic acid derivative;ii) 2 to 25 mol %, based on components i to ii, of an adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and/or brassylic acid or of a corresponding acid derivative;{'sub': 2', '8', '2', '6, 'iii) 98 to 100 mol %, based on components i to ii, of a C-C-alkylenediol or C-C-oxyalkylenediol;'}iv) 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the polymer obtainable from components i to iii, of at least one polyfunctional compound ...

PROCESS FOR THE CRYSTALLISATION OF A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPOUND

A process for the crystallisation of a water-soluble compound from a solution of water and a solvent is provided. A process for the manufacture of crystalline sucrose from sugar palm juice or sucrose-containing biomass comprising such crystallisation process is also disclosed. 1. A process for crystallisation of a water-soluble compound from a solution , comprising:(a) providing, in a crystallisation vessel, a solution of the water-soluble compound in a mixture of water and a solvent in which the water-soluble compound has a lower solubility in the solvent than in water;(b) passing vapour phase of the mixture through a sorption zone containing a water vapour sorbent to selectively adsorb water from the vapour phase to obtain a vapour phase depleted in water and enriched in the solvent and water-saturated water vapour sorbent;(c) enriching the mixture in the crystallisation vessel in solvent by (i) recycling at least part of the vapour phase depleted in water and enriched in the solvent to the crystallisation vessel or (ii) withdrawing vapour phase depleted in water from the process and adding solvent from an external source to the crystallisation vessel;(d) allowing solid crystals of the water-soluble compound to precipitate from the solution in the crystallisation vessel at a crystallisation temperature; and(e) discharging precipitated solid crystals of the water-soluble compound from the crystallisation vessel and discharging a solution of non-crystallised water-soluble compound in water-solvent mixture from the crystallisation vessel.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble compound is a saccharide with one to five monose units.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the water-soluble compound is sucrose.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is an alcohol with one to tour carbon atoms or mixture of two or more thereof.5. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the alcohol is ethanol or 1-butanol.6. The process ...

ENERGY GRASS COMPREHENSIVE RECYCLING METHOD

This present invention discloses an integrated method of cyclic utilization of energy grasses comprising the steps of generating biogas residue from the energy grasses, growing edible mushrooms from the biogas residue, producing livestock or poultry feeds from the spent mushroom culture medium, feeding livestock with the feeds, and producing organic fertilizers from the manure of the livestock or poultry. The method, by producing biogas, edible mushrooms, feeds, livestock or poultry, and organic fertilizers, makes an integrated and cyclic use of energy grasses and aforementioned products. This invention will help achieve the goal of cyclic use of energy grasses with great efficiency. 1. An integrated method of cyclic utilization of energy grasses featuring cyclic and integrated use of energy grasses , biogas , edible mushrooms , livestock or poultry feeds , and organic fertilizers , said method comprising the steps of:(1) generating biogas and biogas residue from said energy grasses;(2) growing edible mushrooms from said biogas residue;(3) producing livestock or poultry feeds from said spent mushroom culture medium;(4) feeding livestock or poultry with said feeds;(5) producing organic fertilizers from the manure of said livestock or poultry.2Neyraudia reynaudianaSaccharum arundinaceum, Phragmites australisMiscanthus floridulusPennisetum purpureumPennisetum sinesePennisetum purpureumPennisetum alopecuroidesSpartina anglicaSorghumpropinqaumSorghum bicolorZea maysCymbopogon citratus, Spartina alterniflora. The method of claim 1 , wherein said energy grass is selected from one or more of the following: (Kunth) Keng claim 1 , (Cay.) Trin. ex Steud claim 1 , (Labill.) Warb. ex Schum. et Laut. claim 1 , Schumach claim 1 , Roxb claim 1 , cv. Jujuncao claim 1 , (L.) Spreng claim 1 , Hubb. claim 1 , (Kunth.) Hitch. claim 1 , L. Moench claim 1 , silaged L claim 1 , Loisel.3Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus, ...

TUBULAR DIGESTER

Contiguous flow anaerobic digester for mechanization of organic matter and production of fertilizer powering the conditions and performance of the anaerobic digestion process, through homogenization of the sludge and process temperature, wherein the digester is tubular shaped and comprises a biogas exhaust valve at the top of the digester. One end of the digester has a sludge outlet connection, a water- and gas-tight zipper that is resistant to the corrosive elements of digestion, and an outlet. The opposite end of the digester has a mud inlet, and a water- and gas-tight zipper that is resistant to the corrosive elements of digestion, wherein said digester further comprises at its base a gas irrigation system for biogas recirculation composed of a polymeric material resilient to the corrosive elements of anaerobic digestion. 1. Continuous flow anaerobic digester to methanization of organic matter and production of substrate for fertilizers or agricultural applications powering the conditions and the performance of the anaerobic digestion process , by means of hydrodynamic control that partially homogenizes the mass and the energy of the process characterized in that the digester (A) consists of a reactor of a series of polymeric flexible materials with high mechanical and chemical performance , comprising an exhaust valve of biogas (G) located at the top of the digester (A) , wherein one end of the digester (A) has a sludge outlet connection (D) , a path for drain and a inspection element (E) water-tight and gas-tight , as well as resistant to corrosive elements of digestion , that communicates the interior with the exterior , and where the opposite end of the digester (A) have a mud inlet (D′) and a inspection element (E) water-tight and gas-tight , as well as resistant to corrosive elements of digestion , that communicates the interior with the exterior , wherein said digester (A) further comprises at its base a gas recirculation system (H) for biogas ...

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AND METHOD

An anaerobic digestion system may include a material grinding/pulping portion, a hydrolysis portion arranged downstream of the grinding portion, a multiple chamber anaerobic reactor arranged downstream from the hydrolysis portion and including a gas collection and reintroduction system, a collection system for collecting digestate and gas from the anaerobic reactor. 1. An anaerobic digestion system , comprising:a material grinding/pulping portion;a hydrolysis portion arranged downstream of the grinding portion;an anaerobic reactor arranged downstream from the hydrolysis portion and comprising a gas collection and reintroduction system; anda collection system for collecting digestate and gas from the anaerobic reactor.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an input system comprising a feedstock input device.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the input system comprises a liquid feeding system.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the liquid feeding system comprises a waste water stream.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the waste water stream is one of animal and human waste water.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material grinding/pulping portion comprises a hydropulper.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material grinding/pulping portion comprises a hammer mill.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material grinding/pulping portion comprises a skimmer.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material grinding/pulping portion comprises a catalyst input system.10. A method of converting waste to energy claim 1 , comprising:receiving and grinding feedstock material to form a liquid/solid slurry;performing hydrolysis on the liquid/solid slurry;performing anaerobic digestion on the liquid/solid slurry in an anaerobic reactor, the anaerobic reactor comprising a plurality of stages arranged in series; andcollecting gas from a first stage of the plurality of stages and reintroducing the gas into the feedstock material in a later stage of the plurality of stages. ...

Grain Processing

The present invention provides a process for producing biogas and/or methane from solid spent cereal products derived from, for example, the mashing process of malt whisk(e)y and/or beer production. There is also provided a system for producing biogas and/or methane from solid spent cereal products derived from, for example, the mashing process of malt whisk(e)y and/or beer production. 1. A process for producing biogas and/or methane , the process comprising:(a) providing a slurry comprising one or more solid spent cereal product(s; and(b) subjecting the slurry to an anaerobic digestion comprising methanogenisis at a pH of pH 6.6-7.6, in order to obtain a biogas and a liquid digestate.2. The process according to further comprising processing the biogas in order to obtain methane at greater than 95% purity.3. The process according to wherein greater than 50% claim 1 , 60% claim 1 , 70% claim 1 , 80% or 90% of the solids (on a wt of liquid/dry wt of solids basis) of the slurry has been derived from a material comprising spent cereal and yeast in a ratio of 3:1-1:3.4. The process according to wherein the slurry further comprises silage in an amount of up to 20% of the total solids on a dry basis.5. The process according to wherein the slurry initially comprises a dry solids content of up to 20% on a wt/wt basis claim 1 , up to 15% claim 1 , up to 12% claim 1 , or up to 10%.6. The process according to wherein the slurry comprises spent pot ale claim 1 , pot ale syrup claim 1 , water and/or a liquid which possesses a high buffering capacity for maintaining the anaerobic digester at the desired pH.7. The process according to wherein the liquid with a high buffering capacity for maintaining the anaerobic digester at the desired pH possesses a high bicarbonate alkalinity.8. The process according to wherein the bicarbonate alkalinity of the slurry during the process is at least 3 claim 7 ,000 mg per litre9. The process according to wherein the liquid which possesses a high ...

Two-Times-Two Tank Process and System

A method and plant for hydrolysis of a liquid substrate, having a dry solids content of between 2 and 30%, to be used in an anaerobic fermentation, digestion or another process aimed at producing or extracting methane or other valuable substances, which method and plant relies on the use of vacuum and several pulpers and one or several flashtanks in series for step-wise pre-heating and pressure reduction, respectively.

A METHOD OF PRODUCING BIOMASS DEGRADATION PRODUCTS

A method of producing biomass degradation products from soft biomass is disclosed, the method comprising the steps of—providing a soft biomass, pretreating the soft biomass in a pretreatment step at a pressure below 2 bar by heating the soft biomass to at a pretreatment temperature between 65 and 100 degrees Celsius to obtain a pretreated biomass, hydrolyzing the pretreated biomass in a first hydrolyzation step to obtain a biomass hydrolysate, and posttreating the biomass hydrolysate in a pressurized posttreatment step by heating the biomass hydrolysate to a posttreatment temperature above 150 degrees Celsius to obtain a posttreated biomass, hydrolyzing the posttreated biomass in a second hydrolyzation step, wherein biogas is obtained from at least the first hydrolyzation step or the second hydrolyzation step. 1. A method of producing biomass degradation products from soft biomass , the method comprising the steps of:providing a soft biomass,pretreating the soft biomass in a pretreatment step at a pressure below 2 bar by heating the soft biomass to at a pretreatment temperature between 65 and 100 degrees Celsius to obtain a pretreated biomass,hydrolyzing the pretreated biomass in a first hydrolyzation step to obtain a biomass hydrolysate, andposttreating the biomass hydrolysate in a pressurized posttreatment step by heating the biomass hydrolysate to a posttreatment temperature above 150 degrees Celsius to obtain a posttreated biomass, 'wherein biogas is obtained from at least the first hydrolyzation step or the second hydrolyzation step.', 'hydrolyzing the posttreated biomass in a second hydrolyzation step,'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pretreatment step is non-pressurized.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises separating the biomass hydrolysate in a first separation step into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises separating the ...

CONSORTIUM AND PREPARATION OF MICROORGANISMS FOR CATALYZING CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS, PREPARATION FOR METHANE FERMENTATION SUPPLEMENTATION, COMBINATION PREPARATION, USE THEREOF AND METHOD USING THE SAME

The invention relates to a consortium of microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing cellulose, preferably lignocellulosic biomass, which may comprise the following mixtures of bacterial strains: sp. KP7, KP20 and sp. KP8 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP14; sp. KP6 and KP16 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP4, KP5, KP17 and KP22 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP10; sp. KP1 and KP19 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), sp. KP13; sp. KP9 and KP12 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/), as well as a preparation for hydrolyzing cellulose which may comprise this consortium, a supplement preparation, a combination preparation, and use and method of using the same. 1BacillusOchrobactrumProvidenciaBacillusBacillusProvidenciaBacillusOchrobactrum; Bacillus. A consortium of microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing cellulose , preferably lignocellulosic biomass , characterized in that it comprises the following mixtures of bacterial strains: sp. KP7 , KP20 and sp. KP8 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no B/00064) , sp. KP14 , sp. KP6 and KP16 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00065) , sp. KP4 , KP5 , KP17 and KP22 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00066) , sp. KP10; sp , KP1 and KP19 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00067) , sp. KP13sp. KP9 and KP12 (the mixture deposited in PCM under the no. B/00068).2. The consortium of microorganisms according to claim 1 , characterized in that the individual strains in each mixture are mixed in equal proportions.3. The consortium of microorganisms according to claim 2 , characterized in that all the mixtures are mixed in an equal quantitative ratio.4. A preparation for hydrolysis of cellulose claim 1 , increasing the efficiency of biogas production in methane fermentation process claim 1 , revival and/or propagation of methanogenic consortia and/or methanogenic microorganisms themselves claim 1 , characterized in that it ...

SOLUBILIZATION OF MSW WITH BLEND ENZYMES

The present invention relates to a method for solubilisation or hydrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an enzyme blend and an enzyme composition for solubilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), the enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition and a protease, lipase and/or beta-glucanase. 1. A process for solubilizing waste comprising:contacting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition comprising (a) a cellobiohydrolase I or variant thereof; (b) a cellobiohydrolase II or variant thereof; (c) a beta-glucosidase or variant thereof; and (d) a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity;and one or more enzymes selected from (i) a protease; (ii) a lipase and (iii) a beta-glucanase.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the waste is pretreated.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition further comprises one or more enzymes selected from (iv) a pectate lyase; (v) a mannanase; and (vi) an amylase.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10Aspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatusPenicillium. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cellobiohydrolase I of (a) is an cellobiohydrolase I or variant thereof; the cellobiohydrolase II of (b) is an cellobiohydrolase II or variant thereof; the beta-glucosidase of (c) is an beta-glucosidase or variant thereof; and the polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity of (d) is a sp. GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity; or homologs thereof.11Bacillus.. The process of claim 1 , wherein the protease (i) of the enzyme composition is derived from the genus12ThermomycesHumicola.. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lipase (ii) of the enzyme composition is derived from the genus or from the genus13Aspergillus.. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beta-glucanase (iii) of the enzyme composition is derived from a member of the genus14. The process of ...

Anaerobic process for producing biogas with a high methane content by means of the biodigestion of organic waste

This invention is about a process of increased Biogas () production, with high methane content, in anaerobic biodigestion plants, with production of electric () and thermal energy. The process is based upon biotechnologies, hardware and software specifically developed for this aim. One or more Devices for the Acceleration () of autochthon methanogenic bacteria multiplication, originally contained in the Organic Wastes (), collect a portion of the biological material from the Anaerobic Biodigester () and, successively, gives it back at a higher rate, with its methanogenic bacteria population remarkably multiplied. The increase and stabilization of the reproduction and nutrition of these bacterial strains allows the increase of the biogas produced in the Anaerobic Biodigester () along with the percentage of methane contained in this very Biogas (). The process is managed by an automation Expert System () which controls the biological, chemical and physical variables and that supervises the Automation and Control System () of the plant, providing commands and recipes also for the Compost () production system and for the Waste Water Treatment and Slurry Separation (). 11231. Process of biogas production by anaerobic biodigestion of one or more categories of Organic Wastes () , sent to an Accumulation Mixer/Homogenizer () which successively loads an Anaerobic Biodigester () , preferably but not exclusively of the kind appropriate for the treatment of those Organic Wastes () , CHARACTERIZED by the fact that:{'b': 3', '4', '1, 'a) A fraction equal to K times the daily load of the Anaerobic Biodigester (), in whatever way be it withdrawn, is sent to one or more acceleration devices () in order to speed up the multiplication of autochthon methanogenic bacteria already contained in that very Organic Wastes (). There that fraction stays until the Final concentration Cf of the same bacterial streams is equal to M times the Initial concentration Ci.'}{'b': 3', '3, 'b) once ...

OPTIMIZED BIOGAS (BIOMETHANE) PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC REACTORS

An improved process and apparatus for producing biogas having a high methane content from a feed or substrate. Feed material is injected into a reactor having anaerobic microorganisms to form a bulk liquid in the reactor. The oxidation-reduction potential, pH, and temperature of the bulk liquid and the methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and flow of the biogas is monitored. The amount of the feed material (substrate) fed to the reactor is adjusted in response to the monitoring parameters of the bulk liquid and biogas. A biomass recycle is provided to the reactor, thus increasing the reactor biomass retention time, or solids retention time within the reactor. 1. An anaerobic process for producing biogas , comprising the steps of:injecting feed material into a reactor having anaerobic microorganisms to form a volume of bulk liquid in the reactor;monitoring the oxidation-reduction potential, the pH, and temperature of the reactor bulk liquid to determine whether oxidation-reduction potential, pH, and temperature are each within a predetermined range;adjusting the amount of feed material fed to the reactor in response to a determination that one of the oxidation-reduction potential, pH, and temperature of the reactor bulk liquid are outside the corresponding predetermined ranges to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential, pH, or temperature of the reactor bulk liquid to within the predetermined range; andproducing biogas having methane.2. The anaerobic process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of:maintaining the pH of the reactor bulk liquid within a range of from about 6.5 to about 8.5.3. The anaerobic process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of:maintaining the oxidation-reduction potential of the reactor bulk liquid between about −300 mV and about −400 mV.4. The anaerobic process of claim 1 , wherein the process in the reactor is performed mesophilic at temperatures between about 80° F. and about 100° F.5. The anaerobic process of claim 1 , wherein ...

PROCESSES FOR BIOCONVERSION OF CARBON BEARING MATERIALS

A process involving a microorganism consortium for converting at least one component in a carbon-bearing material to a different product comprising at least one hydrocarbon. In the process, a microorganism consortium is contacted with a composition that causes an increase or decrease of a relative population of at least one species of microorganism in said microorganism consortium, to enhance a yield or selectivity or alter a rate of said process. The composition may be selected from a composition that affects an intracellular pathway of said at least one species of microorganism, a composition that affects an intercellular signaling pathway that involves said at least one species of microorganism and at least one antisense RNA. Also, the microorganism consortium can be exposed to signals such as sound waves or electromagnetic signals or a condition of the environment of the microorganism consortium can be altered. 1. A process involving a microorganism consortium for converting at least one component in a carbon-bearing material to a different product comprising at least one hydrocarbon , said process comprising the step of:contacting said microorganism consortium with a composition that causes an increase or decrease of a relative population of at least one species of microorganism in said microorganism consortium relative to at least another species of microorganism in said microorganism consortium, to enhance a yield or selectivity or alter a rate of said process, as compared to an identical process carried out in the absence of said composition,wherein said composition is selected from a composition that directly or indirectly affects an intracellular pathway of said at least one species of microorganism and a composition that affects an intercellular signaling pathway that involves said at least one species of microorganism.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said intracellular pathway is a metabolic pathway.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ...

BACTERIA AND ENZYMES PRODUCED THEREFROM AND METHODS OF USING SAME

A bacteria referred to here as 6A-1 is provided, compositions thereof and processes for use of the bacteria, spores, cells, extracts and enzymes. The compositions which comprise the bacteria, spores, cells, extracts and/or enzymes are capable of degrading polysaccharides. Such compositions are capable of degrading cellulose, including plant-produced cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose. The bacteria produces at least two cellulose-degrading protein fractions. Cellulose degrading activity continues across pH2 to pH13. 125.-. (canceled)26Bacillus subtilis. A method of degrading a composition comprising at least one polysaccharide , said method comprising combining a composition comprising 6A-1 (6A-1) , reference culture comprising said 6A-1 having been deposited at ATCC under deposit number PTA-125135 , or cells of said 6A-1 , or spores produced by said 6A-1 , or at least one polysaccharide-degrading enzyme extracted from said 6A-1 , or combination thereof , wherein said 6A-1 or cells or spores are filtered , dried , freeze dried or ground , or have added thereto at least one excipient , carrier or diluent to , and contacting said composition comprising said 6A-1 or cells or spores or at least one polysaccharide-degrading enzyme or combination thereof with said composition comprising said at least one polysaccharide and degrading said at least one polysaccharide.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein said composition comprising said 6A-1 or cells or spores or at least one polysaccharide-degrading enzyme or combination thereof comprises at least three cellulose-degrading protein fractions produced by said 6A-1 claim 26 , said protein fractions capable of degrading crystalline cellulose claim 26 , carboxymethyl cellulose and unmodified cellulose.28. The method of claim 26 , wherein composition comprising said 6A-1 or cells or spores or at least one polysaccharide-degrading enzyme or combination thereof is capable of degrading protein at a pH ...

Biogas From Enzyme-Treated Bagasse

The present invention relates to a process for treatment of a bagasse-derived material which treatment increases the degradability of the lignocellulosic fibres. In particular the invention relates to methane production from enzymatically treated bagasse-derived material, where the enzyme-treatment of the invention is used to increase the methane production in comparison with untreated bagasse. 1. A biogas production process comprising the steps of providing a slurry comprising a bagasse-derived material and water , and:(a) performing a pre-treatment comprising adding one or more enzyme to the slurry to degrade the bagasse-derived material at a suitable temperature and pH, and then adding the enzyme-degraded material to a biogas digester tank at a suitable rate and ratio to effectively convert the material to biogas in the digester; or(b) adding one or more enzyme to the slurry before adding the slurry to a biogas digester tank; or(c) adding one or more enzyme to the digester tank after adding the slurry to the digester tank, to degrade the bagasse-derived material at a suitable temperature and pH and to effectively convert the material to biogas in the digester.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more enzyme is selected from the group consisting of an amylolytic enzyme claim 1 , a lipolytic enzyme claim 1 , a proteolytic enzyme claim 1 , a cellulolytic enzyme claim 1 , an oxidoreductase and a plant cell-wall degrading enzyme.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the one or more enzyme is selected from the group consisting of aminopeptidase claim 2 , alpha-amylase claim 2 , amyloglucosidase claim 2 , arabinofuranosidase claim 2 , arabinoxylanase claim 2 , beta-glucanase claim 2 , carbohydrase claim 2 , carboxypeptidase claim 2 , catalase claim 2 , cellobiohydrolase claim 2 , cellulase claim 2 , chitinase claim 2 , cutinase claim 2 , cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase claim 2 , ferulic acid esterase claim 2 , deoxyribonuclease claim 2 , endo-cellulase claim 2 ...

Production of biogas from organic materials

Waste or organic material is compressed at a pressure sufficient to burst cells, for example 50 bar or more, and separated into a dry fraction and a wet fraction. The wet fraction is treated in an anaerobic digester to produce biogas after removing grit. The wet fraction is diluted, preferably with sludge, before it is degritted. Optionally, floatables are removed from the fraction before it is added to the digester.

DEPOLYMERIZATION PROCESS

A method for solubilizing a carbonaceous feedstock. The method includes steps of reacting a mixture of the carbonaceous feedstock with a metal oxide including a metal at a first, higher oxidation state to reduce the metal of the metal oxide to a second, lower oxidation state by releasing at least one oxygen atom from the metal oxide. The released oxygen from the metal oxide is used to oxidize the carbonaceous feedstock. At least a portion of the metal or metal oxide containing the metal at the second, lower oxidation state is then oxidized to the metal oxide containing the metal at the first, higher oxidation state for reuse in the reaction step. 1. A method for solubilizing a carbonaceous feedstock , comprising the steps of:a. reacting a mixture of the carbonaceous feedstock with a metal oxide including a metal at a first, higher oxidation state to reduce the metal of the metal oxide to a second, lower oxidation state by releasing at least one oxygen atom to oxidize at least one component of the carbonaceous feedstock; andb. oxidizing at least a portion of the metal or metal oxide containing the metal at the second, lower oxidation state to the first, higher oxidation state, andc. recycling at least a portion of the metal oxide containing the metal at the first, higher oxidation state from step (b) back to step (a).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a transition metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanides and actinides.3. The method of claim 1 , where the metal oxide comprises a metal selected from Fe claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , W claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , and Ag.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the reacting step the weight ratio of metal oxide to the carbonaceous feedstock is in a range of from about 0.1:100 to about 10:100 claim 1 , or from about 0.5: ...

IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF ORGANIC MATTER FOR OPTIMIZING THE ENERGY RECOVERY THEREFROM

Some embodiments are directed to a process for the treatment of organic waste which couples in situ biostimulation to produce hydrolytic enzymes and hydrolysis of the refractory organic matter from waste using these enzymes with a view to energy recovery. 118-. (canceled)19. A process for the treatment of a first , at least partially organic and at least partially solid , substrate , comprising:A. introduction of an initial volume of said first substrate to be treated into at least one hydrolysis reactor;B. introduction of an initial volume of second substrate into at least one biostimulation reactor;{'b': '11', 'C. biostimulation of the second substrate contained in said biostimulation reactor, under aerobic conditions, at a temperature of between 20° C. and 40° C., a pH of between 4 and 7, a moisture level of between 50% and 80% and a residence time of between 1 and 5 days, to ensure at least partial hydrolysis of the organic portion () of said substrate and the in situ production of hydrolytic enzymes;'}{'b': 5', '31, 'D. percolation of a liquid through said volume of second substrate contained in said biostimulation reactor, in order to form a first leachate () enriched in hydrolytic enzymes ();'}E. injection of the first leachate enriched in hydrolytic enzymes into at least one hydrolysis reactor containing said first substrate to be treated; andF. hydrolysis of the first substrate at least partially by the first enriched leachate; wherein the succession of the steps C and D define a biostimulation cycle.20. The process as claimed in claim 19 , in which the hydrolytic enzymes are produced by filamentous fungi.21TrichodermaAspergillusPleurotusPenicilliumFomitopsis. The process as claimed in claim 20 , in which the filamentous fungi belong to the group consisting of the fungi sp. claim 20 , sp. claim 20 , sp. claim 20 , sp. claim 20 , and sp.22. The process as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the succession of the steps C and D defining a biostimulation cycle is ...

SYNGAS BIOMETHANATION PROCESS AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM

An anaerobic digester is fed a feedstock, for example sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and produces a digestate. The digestate is dewatered into a cake. The cake may be dried further, for example in a thermal drier. The cake is treated in a pyrolysis system to produce a synthesis gas and biochar. The gas is sent to the same or another digester to increase its methane production. The char may be used as a soil enhancer. 1. A process comprising steps of ,a) producing a synthesis gas from pyrolysis of a feedstock; and,b) adding the synthesis gas to an anaerobic digester.2. The process of wherein the feedstock comprises one or more of a raw biomass claim 1 , wood claim 1 , municipal yard waste claim 1 , municipal solids waste claim 1 , primary sludge from a wastewater treatment plant claim 1 , waste activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant or an agricultural waste or residue.3. The process of wherein the feedstock comprises digestate.4. The process of wherein the digestate is produced by the anaerobic digester.5. The process of wherein the anaerobic digester is coupled with or part of a municipal wastewater treatment plant claim 1 , or an agricultural or industrial digester.6. The process of wherein the synthesis gas is cooled before it is fed to the digester.7. The process of wherein condensable organic compounds are removed from the synthesis gas and returned as feedstock to step a).8. An apparatus for transferring syngas to digestate comprising claim 1 ,a) a pipe between a source of digestate and a digester;b) a pump to create a flow of digestate in the pipe;c) an ejector, microbubble pump or gas transfer membrane in communication with pipe having an inlet connected to a source of the syngas.9. The apparatus of wherein the source of digestate is the digester.10. The apparatus of wherein the pipe is connected to multiple outlets in the digester.11. The apparatus of wherein the inlet is further connected to the headspace of the digester.12. ...

CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR BIOMASS

The efficient production of ethanol from low-cost biomass (e.g., corn, sugar beets, sugar cane, switchgrass and/or paper) has become increasingly important in making ethanol competitive with gasoline and decreasing the United States' dependence on foreign oil. For example, to reduce the cost of transporting biomass to ethanol production facilities, mobile systems for producing ethanol from biomass are provided. Also provided are small-scale ethanol production facilities. For example, instead of transporting biomass to the production facility, the facility is transported to the biomass or is located nearby the source of the biomass. The ethanol production facilities or components thereof may be transported via land, water, or air. Production of other products, such as hydrocarbons, natural gas, hydrogen gas, plastics, polymers, and proteins, can also be made by the methods and facilities. Any product described herein can be made in finished form or un-finished form and moved, e.g., to a fixed facility, e.g., fixed production facility. 1. A method of producing products from lignocellulosic biomass , comprising:producing a first product from lignocellulosic biomass at a first site with a fermenter;transporting the fermenter to a second site; andproducing a second product from lignocellulosic biomass at the second site with the fermenter;wherein the first and/or second products comprise one or more biomolecules selected from the group consisting of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, steroids, natural products, metabolic products, nucleotides, nucleosides, fats, amino acids, peptides, and mixtures thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is selected from the group consisting of corn claim 1 , sugar cane claim 1 , sugar beets claim 1 , trees claim 1 , shrubs claim 1 , grasses claim 1 , phytoplankton claim 1 , zooplankton claim 1 , algae claim 1 , macroalgae claim 1 , seaweed claim 1 , corn husks claim 1 , bushes claim 1 , lumber claim 1 , wood waste claim 1 , ...

System For Generating Biogas And Method For Operating Such A System

A system for generating biogas comprises at least one fermenter () for fermenting solid biomass (). The fermenter () comprises a device for charging the biomass with a liquid medium, a gas outlet () for removing the biogas from the fermenter () and a gas inlet () for supplying gases to the fermenter (). The gas inlet () is connectable to a biogas source, preferably to the gas outlet (), a biogas line and/or a biogas reservoir. 111311321313231. Layout for the generating of biogas , which has at least one fermenter () for the fermenting of solid biomass () , wherein the fermenter () has a device for subjecting the biomass () to a liquid medium , a gas outlet () for taking away the biogas from the fermenter () and a gas inlet () for supplying gases to the fermenter () , wherein the gas inlet () can be connected to a biogas source , preferably to the gas outlet () , a biogas pipeline and/or a biogas reservoir , characterized in that the gas inlet () is designed such that the liquid medium after passing through the biomass is drained by means of it , and biogas is introduced into the fermenter during the supplying of the liquid medium to the fermenter ().23. Layout according to claim 1 , characterized in that the gas inlet () is configured as a gas distributing arrangement claim 1 , especially a spigot floor.3. Layout according to claim 1 , characterized in that{'b': 6', '3, 'the layout has a delivery arrangement () for delivering the biogas in the direction of the gas inlet ().'}423. Layout according to claim 1 , characterized in that the layout has a biogas reservoir claim 1 , which can be connected preferably to the gas outlet () and/or to the gas inlet ()51413. Layout according to claim 1 , characterized in that an arrangement () for lateral supporting of the biomass () is provided inside the fermenter claim 1 , being preferably permeable to liquids.631. Layout according to claim 1 , characterized in that the gas inlet () is arranged underneath the biomass being ...

PROCESS FOR THE ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF BIOGENIC WASTE MATERIALS AND PLANT FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS

A process for the anaerobic fermentation of biogenic waste materials including the steps that a fermentation material containing the waste materials is mixed with liquid and the fermentation material suspension obtained in this manner is anaerobically fermented in a fermenter and the digest produced in the fermentation of the fermentation material suspension is dewatered of a dewatering device, wherein, with separation of press water, a press cake is obtained that has a dry matter proportion increased with respect to the digest; the press water is subjected to a solids separation, wherein a residual liquid having a dry matter proportion reduced with respect to the press water of at most 15% by weight is obtained and the residual liquid is used at least in part for the mixing according to the fermentation material step. 1. A process for the anaerobic fermentation of biogenic waste materials comprising the steps thata) a fermentation material containing the waste materials is mixed with liquid and the fermentation material suspension obtained in this manner is anaerobically fermented in a fermenter andb) the digest produced in the fermentation of the fermentation material suspension is dewatered by means of a dewatering device, wherein, with separation of press water, a press cake having a dry matter proportion increased with respect to the digest is obtained,wherein the process comprises the additional steps thatc) the press water is subjected to a solids separation, wherein a residual liquid having a dry matter proportion reduced with respect to the press water of at most 15% by weight is obtained andd) the residual liquid is used at least in part for the mixing according to step a).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein it is carried out continuously or semi-continuously.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solids separation according to step c) is performed by means of filtration and/or by means of screening claim 1 , in particular using a ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMPROVED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

A method for improved anaerobic digestion is presented. The method includes mixing a volume of waste material with water to form a feedstock mixture. The volume of waste material includes an initial amount of biomass and the feedstock mixture includes methanogenic bacteria either naturally present in the waste material or introduced artificially. The method also includes introducing one or more promoter substances to the feedstock mixture. The one or more promoter substances are capable of modifying the methanogenic bacteria. Modifying includes stimulating novel enzyme production in the methanogenic bacteria. 1. A method for improved anaerobic digestion , the method comprising:Mixing a volume of waste material with water to form a feedstock mixture, the volume of waste material including an initial amount of biomass, the feedstock mixture including methanogenic bacteria either naturally present in the waste material or introduced artificially; andIntroducing one or more promoter substances to the feedstock mixture, the one or more promoter substances being capable of modifying the methanogenic bacteria, wherein modifying includes stimulating novel enzyme production in the methanogenic bacteria.2. The method of claim 1 , including removing large solids from the feedstock mixture.3. The method of claim 2 , including collecting renewable energy or biochemical co-products generated from digestion of the waste material in the feedstock mixture.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the biochemical co-products include fertilizer claim 3 , vitamins claim 3 , or proteins.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the methanogenic bacteria or the waste stream claim 1 , or both claim 1 , are pre-treated with a solution of enzymes before any anaerobic digestion processes occur.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein stimulating novel enzyme production includes increasing the expression rate of already expressed genes to a level statistically significantly higher than that of methanogenic ...

METHODS AND MICROORGANISMS FOR MAKING 2,3-BUTANEDIOL AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF FROM C1 CARBONS

Genetically modified microorganisms that have the ability to convert carbon substrates into chemical products such as 2,3-BDO are disclosed. For example, genetically modified methanotrophs that are capable of generating 2,3-BDO at high titers from a methane source are disclosed. Methods of making these genetically modified microorganisms and methods of using them are also disclosed. 131-. (canceled)32. The vector of claim 147 , comprising two or more genes encoding: an acetoin reductase claim 147 , an alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase claim 147 , and/or an acetolactate synthase.33. The vector of claim 147 , wherein the gene encoding the acetolactate synthase is 5′ in relation to any other gene on the vector.34. The vector of claim 147 , wherein the gene encoding the acetoin reductase is 3′ in relation to any other gene on the vector.35. The vector of claim 147 , wherein the gene encoding the alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase is neither 5′ or 3′ in relation to any other gene on the vector.36. The vector of claim 147 , comprising a gene encoding an acetoin reductase.37. The vector of claim 147 , comprising a gene encoding an alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase.38. The vector of claim 147 , comprising a gene encoding an acetolactate synthase.39. The vector of claim 147 , further comprising a promoter that is active within a methanotroph.40. The vector of claim 147 , wherein the vector is an integration vector.41. The vector of claim 147 , wherein the vector is an episomal vector.42139-. (canceled)140. The vector of comprising one or more genes encoding an acetoin reductase claim 147 , an alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase claim 147 , and/or an acetolactate synthase claim 147 , wherein the one or more genes is under the control of a switch.141143-. (canceled)144. The vector of claim 140 , wherein the switch is an inducible switch or repressible switch.145. The vector of claim 144 , comprising an arabinose switch.146. The vector of claim 144 , comprising a rare-earth metal ...

BACTERIAL SPORE COMPOSITIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL USES

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a plant or plant part coated with a composition comprising a bacterial spore and a germinative compound. In another aspect the present invention is directed to a method of enhancing the growth of a plant or plant part comprising coating such plant or plant part with such a composition. In yet another aspect, the present invention is directed to a composition comprising a bacterial spore and a germinative compound where such components are maintained in an inactive form. The present invention also relates to use of the compositions in wastewater treatment, environmental remediation, oil recovery, aquaculture systems, and direct fed microbials. 1. A composition comprising a bacterial spore and a germinative compound.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spore and the germinative compound are maintained in an inactive form such that the germinative compound will not induce germination of the spore until the composition is subjected to an activation environment.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a substance which prohibits the bacterial spore and the germinative compound from interacting until the composition is subjected to an activation environment.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the substance is selected from the group consisting of a surfactant claim 3 , a sequestering agent claim 3 , a plasticizer claim 3 , a colorant claim 3 , a dye claim 3 , a brightener claim 3 , an emulsifier claim 3 , a flow agent claim 3 , a coalescing agent claim 3 , a defoaming agent claim 3 , a thickener claim 3 , a wax claim 3 , a bactericide claim 3 , a filler claim 3 , a polymer claim 3 , a wetting agent claim 3 , and an anti-freezing agent.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises an intimate mixture of the bacterial spore and the germinative compound claim 1 , wherein the bacterial spore and the germinative compound are maintained in proximate position until ...

A Method for Improving Substrate Degradation in Agricultural Biogas Plants

The invention relates to the use of at least one bacterial amylase and/or bacterial or fungal cellulase in combination with one or more protease(s) in substrates for anaerobic digestion processes for biogas production for improving degradation of maize, maize silages and/or other biogas substrates, in particular for improving gas yield, velocity and substrate conversion rate. 118-. (canceled)19Nocardiopsis dassonvilleidassonvillei, Nocardiopsis prasina, Nocardiopsis prasinaalbaNocardiopsisNocardiopsis alkaliphilaNocardiopsis lucentensis.. A method for treating substrates for biogas production in anaerobic digesters , which comprises treating a substrate with an efficient amount of one or more proteolytic enzymes alone or in combination with at least one carbohydrase , wherein at least one of the one or more proteolytic enzymes has at least 60% amino acid identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 or to SEQ ID NO: 2; or to a 51 serine protease derived from subsp. (previously ) , sp. , or20Nocardiopsis dassonvilleidassonvilleiNocardiopsis prasinaNocardiopsis prasinaNocardiopsisNocardiopsis alkaliphilaNocardiopsis lucentensis. The method of claim 19 , wherein the S1 serine protease is selected from the group consisting of proteases derived from subsp. DSM 43235 claim 19 , DSM 15649 claim 19 , DSM 14010 claim 19 , sp. DSM 16424 claim 19 , DSM 44657 or DSM 44048.21. The method of claim 19 , wherein at least one of the one or more proteolytic enzymes is thermostable.22. The method of claim 19 , wherein at least one of the one or more proteolytic enzymes is acid stable.23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the substrate is a plant material.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the plant material is selected from the group consisting of maize claim 23 , maize silage claim 23 , corn silage claim 23 , grass silage claim 23 , triticale silage and other whole plant silage.25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the substrate comprises liquid manure claim 19 , agricultural byproducts or organic waste. ...

Method for Processing Plant Remains

The invention relates to a method and to a system for processing plant remains, in particular shells of seeds and nuts, even more in particular shells of cocoa beans, shells of grain seeds, and rice remains. The method comprises the following steps: (i) providing plant remains having a shell portion of at least 20 wt %; and (ii) at least partially hydrolyzing constituents of the plant remains, in particular at least partially hydrolyzing and/or fermenting a carbohydrate, a fat, and/or a protein. A liquid phase having dissolved constituents and a solid phase can subsequently be separated. The solid portion can be used as dietary fiber and the liquid phase can be used as feed for a biogas plant. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for processing plant remains , comprising the following method steps:(i) provision of plant remains with a shell fraction of at least 20% by weight,(ii) at least partial fermentation of constituents of the plant residues.20. A method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the plant remains are shells of seeds and nuts.21. A method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the plant remains are shells of cocoa beans claim 20 , shells of grain seed and rice remains claim 20 , residues of oil-containing germs and nuts.22. A method as claimed in claim 19 , comprising at least partial fermentation of a carbohydrate claim 19 , a sugar claim 19 , a fat and/or a protein.23. A method as claimed in comprising:(i) provision of plant residues with a shell fraction of at least 20% by weight,(ii) at least partial hydrolysis of constituents of the plant remains.24. The method as claimed in wherein during step (ii)the fat fraction of the solid phase is reduced by at least 70%, based on the fat fraction of the plant remains, and/orthe weight ratio of water-insoluble to water-soluble constituents of the solid phase is increased by at least 20%, based on the ratio in the plant remains.25. The method as claimed in claim 19 , comprising:separation of liquid phase with dissolved ...

MOLECULAR SWITCHES

Genetically modified microorganisms that have the ability to convert carbon substrates into chemical products such as 2,3-BDO; 1,4-BDO; isobutyraldehyde; isobutanol; 1-butanol; n-butanol; ethanol; fatty alcohols; and fatty acid methyl ester are disclosed. For example, genetically modified methanotrophs that are capable of generating 2,3-BDO; 1,4-BDO; isobutyraldehyde; isobutanol; 1-butanol; n-butanol; ethanol; fatty alcohols; and fatty acid methyl ester at high titers from a methane source are disclosed. Methods of making these genetically modified microorganisms and methods of using them are also disclosed. These microorganisms and methods make use of molecular switches to regulate gene expression. 1. A genetically modified microorganism capable of converting a C1 carbon to a multicarbon product , the microorganism comprising a heterologous gene under the control of a molecular switch.215-. (canceled)16. The genetically modified microorganism of claim 1 , wherein expression of the heterologous gene is repressed by said molecular switch.1711-. (canceled)22. The genetically modified microorganism of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified microorganism is a methanotroph.2327-. (canceled)28. The genetically modified microorganism of claim 1 , wherein the heterologous gene under the control of the molecular switch encodes acetolactate synthase claim 1 , alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase claim 1 , acetoin reductase claim 1 , or any combination thereof.2969-. (canceled)70. A vector comprising a promoter driving the expression of a gene claim 1 , wherein the promoter is responsive to a rare earth metal and is active in a methanotroph.7184-. (canceled)85. A method of making a genetically modified microorganism capable of converting a C1 carbon to a multicarbon product claim 70 , the method comprising transforming a microorganism with the vector of .86. (canceled)87. A method of making a multicarbon product from a C1 carbon claim 70 , the method comprising{'claim-ref': ...

Methods of anaerobic digestion of biomass to produce biogas

Improved methods for anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce biogas. Among the improvements given are including ferric iron in a hydrolysis reactor to increase the rate and efficiency of anaerobic hydrolysis to provide substrates for methanogenesis. A solids separation step is added after hydrolysis and before methanogenesis to improve the efficiency of the methanogenesis step. Other improvements involve using separate tanks for the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages and using two (or more) methanogenesis tanks in sequence, and switching the order of the two (or more) methanogenesis tanks periodically.

METHODS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BIOMASS TO PRODUCE BIOGAS

Improved methods for anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce biogas. Among the improvements given are including ferric iron in a hydrolysis reactor to increase the rate and efficiency of anaerobic hydrolysis to provide substrates for methanogenesis. A solids separation step is added after hydrolysis and before methanogenesis to improve the efficiency of the methanogenesis step. Other improvements involve using separate tanks for the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages and using two (or more) methanogenesis tanks in sequence, and switching the order of the two (or more) methanogenesis tanks periodically. 113-. (canceled)14. A method of producing biogas comprising:(a)(i) transferring an organic substrate to a hydrolysis tank;(a)(ii) hydrolyzing the substrate in anaerobic condition in a hydrolysis tank to produce a hydrolysis liquid effluent;{'b': 1', '1', '1, '(b)(i) transferring the hydrolysis liquid effluent for a period of time to a methanogenesis tank comprising fixed film methanogens or granular methanogens and producing biogas and methanogenesis tank liquid effluent;'}{'b': '1', 'wherein the hydrolysis tank and methanogenesis tank each have a recirculation loop and one or more instrument detectors for monitoring one or more parameters of the liquid in the tank in the recirculation loop, and the method comprises recirculating liquid from each tank back into the same tank through the recirculation loop for that tank, and monitoring one or more parameters in each tank with the one or more instrument detectors in the recirculation loop of that tank, wherein the parameters are selected from the group consisting of pH, ORP, ionic strength, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved methane concentration; wherein each recirculation loop has at least one valve separating the recirculation loop from its tank, and the at least one valve can be closed to allow the one or more instrument detectors to be removed for cleaning or service without allowing air to contact ...

METHODS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BIOMASS TO PRODUCE BIOGAS

Improved methods for anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce biogas. Among the improvements given are including ferric iron in a hydrolysis reactor to increase the rate and efficiency of anaerobic hydrolysis to provide substrates for methanogenesis. A solids separation step is added after hydrolysis and before methanogenesis to improve the efficiency of the methanogenesis step. Other improvements involve using separate tanks for the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages and using two (or more) methanogenesis tanks in sequence, and switching the order of the two (or more) methanogenesis tanks periodically. 123-. (canceled)24. A method of producing biogas comprising:(a) hydrolyzing an organic substrate in anaerobic condition in a hydrolysis tank to produce a hydrolysis liquid effluent;{'b': 1', '1, '(b) transferring the hydrolysis liquid effluent to a methanogenesis tank comprising fixed film methanogens or granular methanogens and producing biogas and methanogenesis tank liquid effluent;'}{'b': '1', 'wherein the methanogenesis tank has a liquid substrate and a recirculation loop for recirculating liquid substrate in the methanogenesis tank, the recirculation loop comprising a heating element in contact with liquid substrate in the recirculation loop;'}(c) recirculating the liquid substrate through the recirculation loop and returning the liquid substrate to remainder of the methanogenesis tank; and(d) heating the liquid substrate in the recirculation loop with the heating element;wherein the liquid substrate in the recirculation loop is depleted in the fixed film methanogens or the granular methanogens compared to liquid substrate in the remainder of the methanogenesis tank.25. The method of wherein the methanogenesis tank comprises granular methanogens fixed film methanogens and the liquid substrate in the recirculation loop is depleted in the granular methanogens compared to the liquid substrate in the remainder of the methanogenesis tank.26. The method of ...

METHODS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BIOMASS TO PRODUCE BIOGAS

Improved methods for anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce biogas. Among the improvements given are including ferric iron in a hydrolysis reactor to increase the rate and efficiency of anaerobic hydrolysis to provide substrates for methanogenesis. A solids separation step is added after hydrolysis and before methanogenesis to improve the efficiency of the methanogenesis step. Other improvements involve using separate tanks for the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages and using two (or more) methanogenesis tanks in sequence, and switching the order of the two (or more) methanogenesis tanks periodically. 15. A method of producing biogas comprising:(a)(ii) transferring an organic substrate to a hydrolysis tank;(a)(iii) hydrolyzing the substrate in anaerobic condition in a hydrolysis tank to produce a hydrolysis liquid effluent;{'b': 1', '1', '1, '(b)(i) transferring the hydrolysis liquid effluent for a period of time to a methanogenesis tank comprising fixed film methanogens or granular methanogens and producing biogas and methanogenesis tank liquid effluent;'}{'b': 1', '2', '1', '2', '2, '(b)(ii) transferring the methanogenesis tank liquid effluent to a methanogenesis tank comprising fixed film methanogens or granular methanogens during period of time and producing biogas and methanogenesis tank liquid effluent in methanogenesis tank ;'}{'b': 2', '1, '(b)(iii) discharging methanogenesis tank liquid effluent during period of time ;'}{'b': 1', '2, '(c) and then switching the order of methanogenesis tanks and and'}{'b': 2', '2', '2', '2, '(c)(i) transferring the liquid hydrolysis effluent for a period of time to said methanogenesis tank and producing biogas and methanogenesis tank liquid effluent in methanogenesis tank ;'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '1', '1, '(c)(ii) transferring the methanogenesis tank liquid effluent to said methanogenesis tank during period of time and producing biogas and methanogenesis tank liquid effluent in methanogenesis tank ;'}{'b': 1', '2, ...

Systems and methods for converting biomass to biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction

Systems and processes of providing novel thermal energy sources for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) reactors are described herein. According to various implementations, the systems and processes use concentrated solar thermal energy from a focused high-energy beam to provide sufficient energy for driving the HTL biomass-to-biocrude process. In addition, other implementations convert biowaste, such as municipal biosolids and grease and food waste, to biocrude using anaerobic digesters, and a portion of the biogas generated by the digesters is used to produce the thermal and/or electrical energy used in the HTL reactor for the biomass-to-biocrude process. Furthermore, alternative implementations may include a hybrid system that uses biogas and solar radiation to provide sufficient thermal energy for the HTL reactor.

BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM EXCREMENT

A method for producing biogas includes: anaerobically digesting excrement with an additive, the additive including a pre-pupal stage of an insect from the scientific classification superfamily of Stratiomyoidea; and collecting the biogas. A method for producing an additive for anaerobic digestion of excrement includes: hatching eggs of an insect from the scientific classification superfamily of Stratiomyoidea in excrement; growing insect larvae by feeding with additional excrement; harvesting pre-pupal insect larvae; and grinding the pre-pupal larvae. An apparatus for producing an additive for anaerobic digestion of excrement includes: a tray having pivot along one lateral side and an upwardly sloping wall terminating with a lip along a lateral side opposite the pivot; a flume adjacent the lip; and a conveyor adjacent the pivot. 1. A method for producing biogas comprising the steps of:anaerobically digesting excrement with an additive, the additive including a pre-pupal stage of an insect from the scientific classification superfamily of Stratiomyoidea, andcollecting the biogas.2. The method of wherein the insect larvae are ground.3. The method of wherein the insect larvae are pureed.4. The method of wherein the insect is from the scientific classification family of Stratiomyoidea.5. The method of wherein the scientific classification subfamily of Hermetiinae.6Hermetia illucens.. The method of wherein the scientific classification species is7. The method of wherein the excrement is swine excrement.8. The method of wherein the additive further comprises frass.9. The method of further comprising purifying the biogas to produce methane.10. A method for producing an additive for anaerobic digestion of excrement comprising the steps of:hatching eggs of an insect from the scientific classification superfamily of Stratiomyoidea in excrement;growing larvae of the insect from the scientific classification superfamily of Stratiomyoidea by feeding with additional excrement; ...

METHOD AND STRUCTURE FOR COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF CO-PRODUCTS OF ALCOHOL PRODUCTION FROM GRAINS

A method is provided for treating distiller's grains with solubles (DGS) to produce one or more byproducts. The method includes separating the DGS into a low protein mixture and a high protein mixture. The method includes generating, from the low protein mixture, a biogas by an anaerobic digestion process. The method includes generating, from the high protein mixture, at least one of a vegetable oil from a vegetable oil separation process, a high protein animal feed from a separation process and a microalgae biomass material from a microalgae production process. 1. A method for treating distiller's grains with solubles (DGS) to produce one or more byproducts , the method comprising:separating the DGS into a low protein mixture and a high protein mixture;generating biogas, from the low protein mixture, by an anaerobic digestion process; and a vegetable oil from a vegetable oil separation process;', 'a high protein animal feed from a separation process; or', 'a microalgae biomass material from a microalgae production process., 'generating, from the high protein mixture, at least one of2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating the DGS comprises at least one of centrifuging claim 1 , filtration claim 1 , or pressing.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a protein content in the DGS is less than or equal to about 30%.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a protein content in the DGS is less than or equal to about 20%.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps of separating the DGS comprise at least one of anaerobic digestion and drying for combustion.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein if the DGS has a moisture content that is less than or equal to 80% claim 1 , adding liquid to the DGS to raise the moisture content to 80% or greater.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of separating the DGS comprises steeping claim 1 , size reduction claim 1 , and then separating of liquid from solid.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of separating the DGS comprises ...

Solid Waste Digestion System

A system for digesting biodigestible feed that preferably includes the steps of comminuting the feed, introducing feed, an oxygen-containing gas, an accelerant, and bacteria into a digestion zone, the bacteria being suitable for digesting the feed under aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic conditions. The contents of the digestion zone can be changed from aerobic operation to either anoxic or anaerobic operation, or vice versa, without changing the bacteria in the digestion zone. 113.-. (canceled)14. A system for digesting biodigestible feed comprising:a) a digestion vessel containing contents;b) a gas inlet for introducing a gas into the digestion vessel; andc) a control system for changing (i) the composition of the gas introduced into the digestion vessel from the gas inlet, from an oxygen containing gas to a gas not containing oxygen for changing the contents of the digestion vessel from aerobic operation to either anoxic or anaerobic operation without changing bacteria in the digestion vessel for different bacteria and (ii) the composition of the gas introduced into the digestion vessel from the gas inlet from a gas not containing oxygen to a gas containing oxygen for changing the contents of the digestion vessel from anaerobic or anoxic operation to aerobic operation without changing bacteria in the digestion vessel for different bacteria.15. A system for digesting biodigestible feed comprising:a) a digestion vessel containing contents;b) a gas inlet for introducing gas containing oxygen into the digestion vessel; andc) a control system for changing (i) the composition of the gas containing oxygen introduced from the gas inlet into the digestion vessel from oxygen containing to not containing oxygen which changes the contents of the digestion vessel from aerobic to either anoxic or anaerobic operation.16. The system of comprising an agitator for agitating the contents of the digestion vessel.17. The system of wherein the control system changes the contents of the ...

CELLULOSE-BASED BIOMASS JUICING METHOD AND GAS FUEL PREPARATION METHOD

The present invention is a cellulose-based biomass juicing method in which a cellulose-based biomass is chipped, and the cellulose-based biomass is juiced after a predetermined pre-treatment is performed on the cellulose-based biomass, wherein the pre-treatment is a mechanical treatment in which parenchyma constituting the cellulose-based biomass is crushed. 1. A cellulose-based biomass juicing method in which a cellulose-based biomass is crushed , and the cellulose-based biomass is juiced after a predetermined pre-treatment is performed on the cellulose-based biomass , whereinthe pre-treatment is a mechanical treatment in which parenchyma constituting the cellulose-based biomass is crushed.2. The cellulose-based biomass juicing method according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical treatment is a pulverizing treatment using a mill or a breaking treatment using a cutter and the pulverizing treatment.3. The cellulose-based biomass juicing method according to claim 2 , wherein a water adding process is performed between crushing and the mechanical treatment of the cellulose-based biomass.4. The cellulose-based biomass juicing method according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulose-based biomass is a trunk of an oil palm.5. A gas fuel preparation method of a cellulose-based biomass in which sap acquired through the cellulose-based biomass juicing method according to is subjected to a methane fermentation process.6. The gas fuel preparation method of a cellulose-based biomass according to claim 5 , wherein a saccharification process is performed on a pulp from which the sap is separated through a juicing process claim 5 , and a saccharified liquid acquired through the saccharification process or the saccharified liquid and the sap are subjected to a methane fermentation process. The present invention relates to a cellulose-based biomass juicing method and a gas fuel preparation method.Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-101839, filed May 15, 2014, the ...

LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION METHOD USING BIOMASS

A liquid fuel production method of the present invention includes: a saccharification step in which a biomass is saccharified; a methane fermentation step in which a saccharified liquid acquired in the saccharification step undergoes methane fermentation; and a biogas to liquid (BTL) step in which a liquid fuel is generated from a biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step. 1. A liquid fuel production method using a biomass , the method comprising:a saccharification step in which the biomass is saccharified;a methane fermentation step in which a saccharified liquid acquired in the saccharification step undergoes methane fermentation; anda biogas to liquid (BTL) step in which a liquid fuel is generated from a biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step.2. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , wherein the BTL step includes:a synthesis gas generation step in which a synthesis gas is generated from the biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step;an FT synthesis step in which the synthesis gas acquired in the synthesis gas generation step is subjected to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process; andan upgrade step in which an FT synthetic oil acquired in the FT synthesis step is subjected to an upgrade process.3. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 2 , wherein drainage water acquired in the FT synthesis step and the upgrade step is processed in the methane fermentation step.4. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , comprising:a juicing step of juicing sap from a woody biomass including a sugar solution as the sap as a step preceding the saccharification step when the biomass is the woody biomass,wherein, in the methane fermentation step, the saccharified liquid and the sap undergo the methane fermentation.5. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , further comprising:a crushing step of crushing the biomass as a step preceding the saccharification step.6. The liquid fuel production ...

Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Systems Wherein One of the Stages Comprises a Two-Phase System

Low cost, efficient two-stage anaerobic digestion systems for the production of biogas (e.g. methane) are provided. During the first stage, biogas is produced in a first reactor by anaerobic microbes cultured in two phases: a high solids phase and a low solids phase. During the second stage, biogas is produced in a second reactor by a methanogen-rich anaerobic culture cultured in low solids medium. Removal of effluent comprising pH lowering reaction products assists in maintaining a suitable pH in the high solids phase. The transfer of effluent from the second reactor to the first reactor assists in maintaining a suitable pH in the high solids phase, in mixing of the high solids phase, and in reseeding the high solids phase with methanogens. Methane is produced in and recovered from both reactors. 1. A method of producing biogas , comprising the steps ofi) in a first reactor, culturing at least one anaerobic microbial consortium in a high solids medium comprising 10 to 20% solids and having a pH in the range of from 6.0 to 7.5, for a period of time sufficient to produce biogas containing methane and to form a high solids phase and a low solids phase within said first reactor, wherein said high solids phase is positioned within a top portion of said first reactor and said low solids phase is positioned within a bottom portion of said first reactor, and wherein said high solids phase and said low solids phase are in direct contact with each other;ii) culturing, in a second reactor, at least one methanogen-rich anaerobic culture in a low solids medium comprising at most 1% solids and having a pH in the range of from 6.5 to 8.5, for a period of time sufficient to generate methane;during said steps of i) culturing and ii) culturing,iii) removing effluent containing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from said low solids phase in said first reactor at a rate that is sufficient to at least partially offset a decrease in pH within said high solids phase;iv) transferring effluent ...

SUBSTRATE DECOMPOSITION FOR BIOGAS PLANTS IN A MIXING AND COMBI-HYDROLYSIS TANK

fermelnters or other processes for the treatment or conversion of organic substances, and also for improving viscosity, in which specifically required, technological or biological procedures are combined in one mixing and combi-hydrolysis tank. The device has one or more descending walls for separating the gas chamber in the top part of the tank, one descending wall of which separates the gas chamber of the tank opening from the other tank, and optionally a further descending wall, the lower end of which is permanently located above the lowest fluid level and which separates the gas chamber of the pump chamber from the other tank. The device optionally has an ultrasonic module for treating a recirculated material from an advanced fermentation stage or from the device according to claim , and also a gas supply system in the lower zones of the feed and/or pump chamber for hydrogenous gases, produced in the process or supplied externally, for stimulating methane formation by means of hydrogen-oxidising archaea. 1. Apparatus for the processing of biomass , comprising:an opening with the ceiling of the first chamber adjacent the first end wall for feeding of biomass into the first chamber whereby the first chamber comprises a biomass feeding chamber and a pump in the second chamber whereby the second chamber comprises a pump chamber; and an interior first drop wall offset laterally from the slanted floor, and extending downwardly from a ceiling of the tank to above the tank floor to divide the tank into two wherein the first drop wall is configured so that lower end of the drop wall is below a lowest liquid level in the tank at all times, the two chambers which communicate for transport of liquid between the two chambers and between which the first drop wall prevents flow of gas above the liquid level between the two chamber, a first of the chambers having an end at a first end wall of the tank and a second of the chambers having an end at a second end wall of the tank ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RECYCLING OF REDUCED DENSITY BIOPLASTICS

A method for deriving value from a mixed waste feedstock can include receiving a mixed waste feedstock including at least a reduced density biopolymer material and an organic feedstock. At least one of a fluid or a material that releases liquids during degradation is added to the mixed waste feedstock. The reduced density biopolymer material is separated, via density separation, from the mixed waste feedstock. The reduced density biopolymer material has a specific gravity below a specific gravity threshold. The reduced density biopolymer material separated from the mixed waste feedstock as a result of the separating is recovered. 1. A method for deriving value from a mixed waste feedstock , the method comprising:receiving a mixed waste feedstock including at least a reduced density biopolymer material and an organic feedstock;adding to the mixed waste feedstock at least one of a fluid or a material that releases liquids during degradation;separating, via density separation, at least a portion of the reduced density biopolymer material from the mixed waste feedstock, the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material having a specific gravity less than a specific gravity threshold; andrecovering the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material separated from the mixed waste feedstock as a result of the separating.23-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material is configured to float during the density separation.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the recovering includes skimming the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material during the density separation.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduced density biopolymer material has a layered structure with at least two distinct cell sizes.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduced density biopolymer material has a durometer of at least 35 Shore A.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specific gravity threshold is 0.9.9. The method of ...

PROCESS FOR THE DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL

The present invention provides a process for the digestion of organic material into biogas which comprises: 1. A process for digestion of organic material into biogas which comprises:treating the organic material to reduce the number of viable microorganisms in the organic material;treating the organic material with at least one enzyme;separating a liquid fraction from a solid fraction of enzyme-treated organic material; anddigesting the liquid fraction to form biogas.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said organic material is treated at a temperature of from 65° C. to 120° C. claim 1 , optionally at a temperature of from 65° C. to 95° C.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said organic material is treated at low or high pH claim 1 , optionally at pH<4 claim 1 , or optionally at pH>8.4. A process according to of claim 1 , wherein CFU count in the organic material after treatment to reduce number of viable microorganisms claim 1 , is lower than 10 claim 1 , optionally less than 10CFU/ml in the organic material present.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one enzyme is selected from the group consisting of protease claim 1 , lipase claim 1 , lysing enzyme claim 1 , phytase claim 1 , hemicellulase and cellulase.6. A process according to claim 1 , whereby at least one thermostable enzyme is used.7. A process according to claim 1 , whereby a liquid fraction of stillage is digested in a biogas fermenter wherein a HRT in a EGSB digester of from 3 hours to 100 hours claim 1 , a HRT in a IC reactor of from 3 hours to 100 hours claim 1 , a HRT in an UASB digester of from 10 hours to 100 hours claim 1 , a HRT in a CSTR digester of from 1 day to 20 days and/or a HRT in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor of from 3 days to 12 days is used.8. A process according to claim 1 , whereby a liquid fraction of stillage is digested in a biogas fermenter claim 1 , which is an UASB claim 1 , IC claim 1 , anaerobic membrane bioreactor and/or EGSB reactor.9. ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METHANE FROM CARBON DIOXIDE BY CO-CULTURE

A method for producing methane by biological conversion of carbon dioxide is performed using a symbiosis between one or more methane-generating bacteria and: (i) one or more hetero-autotrophic cyanobacteria and/or microalgae, or (ii) one or more sulfobacteria and/or acetobacteria, wherein the hetero-autotrophic cyanobacteria and/or microalgae, or the sulfobacteria and/or acetobacteria, produce the molecular hydrogen required for the conversion of carbon dioxide into methane performed by the methane-generating bacteria. 114-. (canceled)16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein claim 15 , upon reaching the steady state of growth of said first and second microorganisms the following additional steps are performed:(iii) discharging from each fermentation reactor approximately ⅓ of the volume of the fermented broth into a centrifuge provided with a decanter;(iv) loading into each fermentation reactor new culture broth for a volume equal to the volume of the discharged fermented broth;(v) restarting the growth of the symbiotic culture until the steady state is reached, bubbling carbon dioxide in each fermentation reactor with a flow that is proportional to the volume of said fermentation reactor, so as to obtain the production of methane by the first microorganism; and(vi) capturing and sending to storage the methane produced in step (v).17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said second microorganism is one or more hetero-autotrophic cyanobacteria and/or microalgae.18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said symbiotic culture is provided by means of multiple symbiotic cultures in series.19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein said multiple symbiotic cultures in series are in a number comprised between three and five.20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein said symbiotic cultures in series are provided in fermentation reactors claim 18 , each of which has a larger effective volume than the preceding fermentation reactor.21. The method ...

METHODS FOR THE DIGESTION OF SOLUBLE COMPONENTS ISOLATED FROM THE SPENT GRAINS OF A FERMENTATION PROCESS

A method of processing spent grains by removing suspended solids from the spent grains to produce a stream low in suspended solids, directing the stream low in suspended solids to an anaerobic digester, converting at least some soluble compounds to biogas, and producing a biogas. A method of processing spent grain, by separating a first stream consisting of spent grains into a second stream and a third stream wherein the second stream contains a majority of suspended solids, separating the third stream into a fourth stream and a fifth stream wherein the fifth stream is lower in suspended solids than the fourth stream, directing the fifth stream to an anaerobic digester, and converting at least some organic compounds to a biogas. A method of fermenting a grain product. 1. A method of processing spent grains , including the steps of:removing suspended solids from the spent grains to produce a stream low in suspended solids;directing the stream low in suspended solids to an anaerobic digester;converting at least some soluble compounds to a biogas; andproducing a biogas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said removing step is performed in one or more steps by a process chosen from the group consisting of centrifugation claim 1 , filtration claim 1 , dissolved air flotation claim 1 , decantation and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , where the stream low in suspended solids has a suspended solids level of about 2 claim 1 ,000 ppm or less.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream low in suspended solids has a suspended solids level of about 1 claim 1 ,000 ppm or less.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anaerobic digester contains microorganisms primarily classified chosen from a group consisting of acetogenic and methanogenic.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a solids retention time (SRT) of the anaerobic digester is greater than a hydraulic retention time (HRT).7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the HRT is about 24 hours or less.8. The method of ...

Method for Operating a Bioreactor that Methanizes Biomass

The invention relates to a bioreactor for methanizing biomass, a biogas plant having a plurality of such bioreactors, and a method for operating such a bioreactor. Because the elongated reactor vessel includes both a loading gate and an unloading gate that are arranged at opposite ends of the elongated reactor vessel, it is possible to remove consumed biomass, which is harmless in terms of epidemiologic hygiene and plant hygiene due to thermophilic process control during the fermentation, from the reactor vessel through the unloading gate and to transfer this consumed biomass directly to the composting process. The bioreactor thus has a “clean” unloading gate and an “unclean” loading gate. 110-. (canceled)11. A bioreactor that generates methane through dry fermentation of biomass , the bioreactor comprising:an elongated reactor container with a bottom plate, a cover plate, two side walls, a front end and a back end, wherein the biomass rests on the bottom plate;a biogas removal outlet through which the methane exits the reactor container;a loading gate that seals the front end in an airtight manner when the loading gate is closed; andan unloading gate that seals the back end in an airtight manner when the unloading gate is closed.12. The bioreactor of claim 11 , wherein the unloading gate covers substantially all of the cross-sectional area of the reactor container at the back end.13. The bioreactor of claim 11 , wherein the bottom plate is flush with the ground allowing biomass to be pushed by a loader bucket across the ground claim 11 , through the front end and onto the bottom plate.14. The bioreactor of claim 11 , wherein the reactor container is made of steel-reinforced concrete and has a rectangular cross section.15. The bioreactor of claim 11 , wherein the unloading gate is hydraulically closed.16. The bioreactor of claim 11 , wherein the unloading gate is constructed as a flap that articulates from the top of the reactor container.17. The bioreactor of claim ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS AND PETROLEUM CONTAINING MATERIALS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. 1. A method , comprising:directing charged particles having a mass greater than or equal to the mass of a proton to pass through a fluid, and then directing the charged particles to be incident on a biomass material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles comprise ions.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles comprise two or more different types of ions.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles are negatively charged.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged particles are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions claim 1 , carbon ions claim 1 , oxygen ions claim 1 , nitrogen ions claim 1 , halogen ions claim 1 , and noble gas ions.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of air claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , and reactive gases.7. A method of treating biomass claim 1 , the method comprising:forming a plurality of negatively charged ions, and accelerating the negatively charged ions to a first energy;removing a plurality of electrons from at least some of the negatively charged ions to form positively charged ions; andaccelerating the positively charged ions to a second energy, and directing the positively charged ions to be incident on the biomass.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein removing the plurality of electrons from at least some of the negatively charged ions comprises directing the negatively charged ions to be incident on a metal foil.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein accelerating the negatively charged ions to a first energy comprises directing the ions to pass through a plurality of electrodes at different electrostatic ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACTIVATED VEGETABLE COMPLEXES AND CARBONATED, DOPED OR SUPERDOPED VEGETABLE/ORGANIC MATTERS COMPLEXES, AND APPLICATIONS OF SAME, ESPECIALLY FOR METHANATION OR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

(EN)The invention relates to the preparation of doped plant complexes by a process of fermenting a compost CP in particular of straw and of horse manure fermented for 3-6 days, with coverage by a special carbonated plant complex CVC. A doped or overdoped plant complex is obtained that has a very high concentration in particular of humic acid nuclei, mycorrhizae, and fixed gases (nitrogen, carbon), having an extremely improved biological activity with an application in the improvement of methanization, up to 200-350%. 1. A method for preparing doped (CVD) or superdoped (CVSD) vegetable complexes , said method comprising:a) covering a spreading of a plant complex with untreated straw, wherein the plant complex (CPL) is obtained from a plant or particular vegetable matter, anda1) degrading said covered plant complex either outside the soil for 2 to 8 months or half-buried in the soil for 18 to 24 months,a2) harvesting of said degradation products from a1) thereby forming a vegetable complex (CV);b) drying the CV to a concentration of approximately 60-80% of dry matter;c) mixing the dried CV with a carbonate matter in proportions of 70 to 95% by weight of carbonate matter, thus forming a carbonated vegetable complex (CVC);d) fermenting aerobically, in parallel and separate from the CV, a vegetable compost comprising approximately 5-15% of organic matters, for 3-6 days thereby producing a fermented or fermenting compost (CP);e) covering a layer of CP with CVC and optionally a top layer of an activated coarse matter (GA);f) harvesting an upper part (d2) of the compost CP situated underneath the interface with the layer of CVC when gaseous release is no longer observed at the top of the pile thereby producing crude CVD or, if the layer of GA was present, thereby producing crude CVSD;f1) transferring the crude CVD or crude CVSD onto a 1-mm sieve, and collecting the fine particles (FA) which pass through the sieve and the activated coarse matter (GA) which does not pass ...

DEVICE FOR FUEL AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS-SEQUESTERED CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHOD THEREFOR

A process and apparatus for converting sequestered carbon to fuel, such as methane, and/or materials, such as fermentation substrates, biopolymers, bioplastics, oils, pigments, fibers, proteins, vitamins, fertilizers and animal feed. The apparatus comprises a deep well carbon-sequestering bioreactor coaxially located within a deep well anaerobic bioreactor. Carbon is sequestered into a photosynthetic biomass or a heterotrophic biomass, which is subsequently digested by an anaerobic biomass containing methanogenic microbes, whereby methane is a digestion product. 120-. (canceled)21. An apparatus for converting sequestered carbon dioxide to biomass comprising:a) a deep well bioreactor holding a quantity of water wherein a depth of the water is maintained at least at 50 meters;b) a plant biomass located in the water; the plant biomass operably using light in a photosynthesis reaction to convert carbon dioxide to additional biomass;c) a light emitting array located within the water and extending from near a bottom to near a top thereof; andd) a carbon dioxide delivery system for operably delivering carbon dioxide to the water.22. The apparatus according to wherein the water depth is between 100 and 2000 meters.23. The apparatus according to wherein the water level is greater than 1000 meters in depth.24. The apparatus according to including a nutrient delivery system for operably delivering nutrients to the biomass.25. The apparatus according to including a fluid flow mechanism for operably flowing the water through the well.26. The apparatus according to wherein the bottom of the deep well includes a flow outlet that operably discharges water and biomass from the well.27. The apparatus according to including an anaerobic digester that operably receives biomass from the well outlet; and the digester including a plurality of methanogenic microorganisms that operably at least partially convert biomass into methane.28. The apparatus according to wherein the light emitting ...

Processing biomass

Provided herein are methods for processing biomass materials that are disposed in one or more structures or carriers, e.g., a bag, a shell, a net, a membrane, a mesh or any combination of these. Containing the material in this manner allows it to be readily added or removed at any point and in any sequence during processing.

INHIBITION OF METHANE AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCTION IN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER ANIMAL FARMS, LANDFILLS, SEDIMENTS AND SEWER SYSTEMS

A method for inhibiting methane and hydrogen sulfide production from anaerobic digester systems and other biogas generating mediums disclosed. The biogas generating medium is contacted with an effective amount of a composition comprising red yeast rice and iron oxide to cause inhibition of methane and hydrogen sulfide production, and is useful in biogas generating medium from animal farms, including a swine, cattle or chicken farms. The method is useful to inhibit methane and hydrogen sulfide production in sewage systems, landfills, and sediment containing organic carbon. The disclosed inhibiting composition blocks 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F) in the methane production pathway, due to the presence of lovastatin in the red yeast rice. Furthermore the disclosed inhibiting composition prevents hydrogen sulfide formation with a competing reaction resulting into iron sulfate via reaction with iron (II) having been formed within the reducing environment from iron (III) oxide. 1. A method for inhibiting methane and hydrogen sulfide production from anaerobic digester systems , such as animal farms , and other biogas generating media , including landfills , sediments and sewer systems; the method comprising contacting the biogas generating medium with an effective amount of a composition comprising red yeast rice and iron oxide to cause inhibition of methane and hydrogen sulfide production.2. The method of wherein the methane and hydrogen sulfide production is being released in an environmental medium.3. The method of wherein the environmental medium is sludge claim 2 , soil claim 2 , water or gas.4. The method of wherein the source biogas generating medium is from animal farm waste.5. The method of wherein the animal farm waste is from a swine claim 4 , cattle or chicken farm.6. The method of wherein the source biogas generating medium is waste from sewage systems.7. The method of wherein the source ...

SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT PULPING

This disclosure relates to systems, devices and methods for pulping agricultural products. Features for ensiling agricultural crops, separating solids and liquids, and processing the solids and liquids for use in a variety of products and processes are disclosed. For instance, systems and methods are disclosed for pulping grass crops, making products for energy conversion processes, screening fine debris, cell bursting, using strongly alkaline chemicals in pulping processes, and using sorghum plant for producing pulp. 1. An ensilage system for pulping agricultural crop , the system comprising:an ensilage facility configured to store the crop;a separation stage coupled with the ensilage facility, the separation stage configured to receive the crop from the ensilage facility and to separate solids from liquids in the crop;a liquids pathway coupled with the separation stage and configured to receive the liquids separated in the separation stage and to process the liquids for energy production; anda solids pathway coupled with the separation stage and configured to receive the solids separated in the separation stage and to process the solids into pulping product.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ensilage facility is configured for storing the crop long term for pulping production.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ensilage facility is configured for storing wet crop.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ensilage facility is further configured to compact the crop.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ensilage facility is further configured to enable long term storage without significant biological decay of organic compounds in the crop to exposure to oxygen while increasing sugar availability for purpose of energy production.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ensilage facility is further configured to enable long term storage of crop without exposure to molds and fungus.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the crop is grass crop.8. The system of claim 1 , ...

Biowaste treatment system and a method of biowaste treatment in association therewith

A decentralized based biowaste treatment system for treating biowaste (i.e., organic matter type/based waste such as manure, sawdust and/or food scraps) by manner of anaerobic digestion (e.g., an anaerobic digestion based waste-to-resource system) and a method of biowaste treatment in association with the biowaste treatment system.

BACTERIA AND ENZYMES PRODUCED THEREFROM AND METHODS OF USING SAME

A bacteria referred to here as 6A-1 is provided, compositions thereof and processes for use of the bacteria, spores, cells, extracts and enzymes. The compositions which comprise the bacteria, spores, cells, extracts and/or enzymes are capable of degrading polysaccharides. Such compositions are capable of degrading cellulose, including plant-produced cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose. The bacteria produces at least two cellulose-degrading protein fractions. Cellulose degrading activity continues across pH2 to pH13. 1. A method of producing a composition capable of degrading polysaccharides , the method comprising ,a) culturing said strain 6A-1 such that said 6A-1 produces at least two polysaccharide-degrading protein fractions;b) a process selected from (i) filtering or drying or freeze drying or grinding, or adding at least one excipient, carrier or diluent to said 6A-1 strain or cells or spores of said 6A-1 or (ii) extracting at least one polysaccharide-degrading protein fraction from said 6A-1, or iii) a combination thereof; andc) producing a composition comprising said strain, cells, spores or at least one polysaccharide-degrading protein fraction extraction of b), or a combination thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises at least three cellulose-degrading protein fractions produced by said 6A-1 claim 1 , said protein fractions capable of degrading crystalline cellulose claim 1 , carboxymethyl cellulose and unmodified cellulose.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein composition is capable of degrading protein at a pH of 2 to 12.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said 6A-1 is an asporogenous mutant of said 6A-1.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is capable of degrading cellulose under conditions from pH 2 to pH 13.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is capable of degrading acid detergent fiber.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said 6A-1 is cultured at a temperature of less ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE FUELS

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel. 153-. (canceled)54. A method comprising: (i) methane derived from biogas,', '(ii) methane that qualifies under applicable regulations as renewably derived, or', '(iii) a combination of (i) and (ii),, '(a) providing a combustible fluid feedstock that is processed to produce renewable hydrogen, said combustible fluid feedstock comprisingsaid renewable hydrogen being a feedstock in a process for producing liquid fuel, said process comprising:(i′) combining the renewable hydrogen with crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in a reactor under conditions to hydrogenate the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen, and(ii′) providing the liquid fuel as a transportation fuel, said liquid transportation fuel comprising renewable hydrogen incorporated into the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon;(b) determining an amount of the combustible fluid feedstock used to produce the renewable hydrogen;(c) determining numerical information relating to the amount of the combustible fluid feedstock, the renewable hydrogen, or a combination thereof; and(d) providing the numerical information to support fuel credit ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND COLLECTION OF PRODUCTS

Described herein are methods and systems that can provide independent energy generation as well as systems for the generation of other useful products, such as chemicals. In addition, the systems and methods can provide ways of harnessing the potential of biomass feedstock to generate of multitude of products including green crude, biogas, electricity, heat, fatty acids, biodiesel, ammonia, and chemical products. In many cases, the systems and methods herein utilize anaerobic microorganisms, including aquatic and ruminant organisms, to digest material and create products. 1. A bioreactor system comprising:a first module comprising a first plurality of anaerobic bacteria; anda second module comprising a second plurality of anaerobic bacteria;wherein an output of the first module is in communication with an input of the second module, andwherein the first plurality of anaerobic bacteria comprises a different mixture of anaerobic bacteria than the second plurality of anaerobic bacteria, andwherein the bioreactor system is configured to remove of volatile fatty acids from the first module and is configured to remove ammonia from the second module in order to maintain the pH of the bioreactor system between 5.9 and 8.5.2. The bioreactor system of claim 1 , wherein a majority of the first plurality of anaerobic bacteria is acidogenic bacteria claim 1 , and wherein a majority of the second plurality of anaerobic bacteria is acetogenic bacteria.3. The bioreactor system of claim 1 , wherein a majority of the first plurality of anaerobic bacteria is acidogenic bacteria claim 1 , and wherein a majority of the second plurality of anaerobic bacteria is methanogenic bacteria.4. The bioreactor system of claim 1 , wherein without the removal of volatile fatty acids claim 1 , the pH is not maintained 5.9 and 8.5.5. The bioreactor system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second pluralities of anaerobic bacteria each comprise aquatic anaerobic bacteria and ruminant anaerobic bacteria ...

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION WITH SUPERCRITICAL WATER HYDROLYSIS AS PRETREATMENT

An hydrolysis stage of an anaerobic digestion (AD) process includes supercritical treatment in a reactor (R). The treatment may use sub-stoichiometric oxygen so that there is not full oxidation. Effluent from the supercritical treatment may be used to pre-heat the organic matter in-feed to the supercritical treatment. There may be a second supercritical treatment in a second reactor (R). This may have full stoichiometric oxygen, to oxidise the solids from the first reactor (R) effluent. Furthermore, it provides heat for pre-heating its own in-feed and also that for the first reactor (R). The output from the hydrolysis may be only clarified liquid, leading to particularly efficient downstream AD processes. The second supercritical treatment rector may oxidise also fed-back solids from the final stage of the AD. 139-. (canceled)40. A process for anaerobic digestion of organic matter such as waste , the process comprising hydrolysis , acidogenesis , and methanogenesis , wherein the hydrolysis step includes supercritical treatment of the organic matter in a reactor by elevation of the organic matter to a temperature of at least 374° C. and a pressure of at least 221 bar for a supercritical residence time.41. The process as claimed in claim 40 , wherein the residence time is in the range of 60 s to 180 s.42. The process as claimed in claim 40 , wherein the supercritical treatment is performed in a reactor comprising a bulk reactor section followed by a plug flow reactor section; and wherein the organic matter is of the type having a moisture content greater than 70%.43. The process as claimed in claim 40 , wherein the organic matter comprises cellulose and lignins; and the organic matter has a pH value in the range of 3.5 to 8.0 claim 40 , preferably 4.5 to 7.5.44. The process as claimed in claim 40 , wherein oxidant is introduced for the supercritical treatment at a sub-stoichiometric level; and wherein said sub-stoichiometric level is below 40%.45. The process as ...

MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR ENHANCING THE METHANE PRODUCTION FROM FEEDSTOCK

The present invention relates to an inoculum of microbial consortium containing live microorganisms. More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel enviro-tolerant methane-producing microbial consortium and a method for the production of biogas having high methane content from organic wastes and biomass slurries. The microbial consortium disclosed in the present invention produces stable biogas production without any seasonal variation impact. 1. A thermophilic , microaerophilic and salinity tolerant microbial consortium for increasing methane production from feedstock in a biogas production system , said consortium comprising:(i) acetoclastic methanogens effective to oxidize acetic acid to methane and carbon dioxide;(ii) hydrogenotrophic methanogens;(iii) methanotrophic archea; and(iv) electroactive bacteria.2DesulfovibrioBrevibacteriumMethanothermobacterMethanolobusThermotoga. The microbial consortium as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the acetoclastic methanogens is selected from the group consisting of sp. (IOC-2) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-5) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-12) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-6) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-8).3MethanosarcinaClostridiumMethanobacteriumLactobacillus. The microbial consortium as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenotrophic methanogens is selected from the group consisting of sp. (IOC-1) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-3) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-4) and sp. (IOC-11).4MethanosaetaMoorellaLactobacillus. The microbial consortium as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the methanotrophic archea is selected from the group consisting of sp. (IOC-7) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-10) and sp. (IOC-11).5ClostridiumMethanosaetaPyrococcusShewanella. The microbial consortium as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electroactive bacteria is sp. (IOC-3) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-7) claim 1 , sp. (IOC-7) and sp. MTCC 25020.6. The microbial consortium as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the microbial consortium also contain additives selected from the group consisting of buffering agents claim 1 , growth ...

MULTIPLE TANK HIGH SOLIDS ANAEROBIC DIGESTER

A multi-stage anaerobic digester is designed to treat a high solids, stackable feedstock. The system may also receive a pumpable feedstock such as a slurry or sludge. In a first stage, the digestate circulates in one direction around a raceway such that the digestate may pass a feed inlet multiple times before leaving the first tank. An optional side stream loop withdraws fibrous material from near the top of the raceway and return digestate with chopped fibers, preferably lower and further along the raceway. An outlet from the raceway located near, but upstream of, the feed inlet discharges partially digested substrate to a second stage, which is operated as a stirred tank reactor. The two stages may be provided in a single tank with an internal wall separating a ring shaped outer portion from a cylindrical inner portion. The digester may be operated in a thermophilic temperature range. 1. An anaerobic digester comprising ,a) a covered cylindrical tank; andb) an interior wall dividing the cylindrical tank into an outer portion and a cylindrical inner portion.2. The digester of further comprising a passageway between the outer portion and the inner portion.3. The digester of wherein the outer portion is ring shaped.4. The digester of further comprising a set of mixers spaced around the outer portion and oriented to direct digestate in one direction around the outer portion.5. The digester of further comprising an inlet for adding a substrate to the outer portion.6. The digester of wherein a first of the set of mixers located closest to the inlet in the one direction has a mixing blade that is located higher than the mixing blades of other mixers in the set of mixers.7. The digester of wherein the height of the mixing blades decreases from the height of the mixing blades of the first mixer along the one direction.8. The digester of further comprising a side stream in which digestate is withdrawn from a location within one meter of the free surface of the digestate in ...

PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS WITH FAVOURABLE GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention provides a process for producing one or more products for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process comprises treating a cellulosic feedstock, in one or more processing steps that release extractives from the feedstock. A solids-liquid separation is subsequently conducted on the process stream comprising the extractives and solids. An aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives may be fed to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas from which one or more impurities may optionally be removed. In various embodiments the process further comprises providing a solids stream to a thermal process. A product produced or derived from the thermal process may displace a product made from fossil fuel. One or more products obtained or derived from at least one of the foregoing process steps are provided for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process enables advantaged fuel credit generation. 114-. (canceled)15. A process for producing a transportation or heating fuel comprising the steps of:(i) treating a cellulosic feedstock in one or more processing steps that release at least acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof from the feedstock;(ii) conducting a solids-liquid separation on a process stream comprising at least the acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof and solids comprising insoluble components, thereby producing an aqueous stream comprising at least the acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof, and a solids stream comprising the insoluble components;(iii) feeding the aqueous stream or a portion thereof comprising the acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas that comprises carbon dioxide;(iv) removing at least 80 weight percent of the carbon dioxide present in the crude biogas to produce a purified biogas;(v) providing a condensate stream from the process and introducing at least a portion ...

USE OF ENZYMES WHICH CATALYZE PYRUVATE SYNTHESIS FROM FORMATE AND ACETYL-COA AND BACTERIA EXPRESSING SAME

An isolated microorganism is disclosed being genetically modified to express pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) or 2-ketobutyrate formate lyase, wherein acetyl-CoA of the microorganism is converted to pyruvate in the presence of formate in a single step reaction, wherein the net flux of the reaction is in the direction of pyruvate synthesis. 1. An isolated microorganism being genetically modified to express pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) or 2-ketobutyrate formate lyase , wherein acetyl-CoA of the microorganism is converted to pyruvate in the presence of formate in a single step reaction , wherein the net flux of the reaction is in the direction of pyruvate synthesis.2. (canceled)3. The isolated microorganism of claim 1 , wherein said pyruvate formate lyase is encoded by a gene selected from the group consisting of pflB claim 1 , pflD and ybiW.4. The isolated microorganism of claim claim 1 , further expressing a polypeptide which activates said pyruvate formate lyase enzyme.51. The microorganism of clam claim 1 , not expressing isocitrate lyase.68-. (canceled)9. The microorganism of claim 1 , being capable of generating an internal source of acetyl-CoA.10. The microorganism of claim 1 , being formatotrophic.11. The microorganism of claim 9 , expressing at least one of the enzymes selected from the group consisting of pyruvate carboxylase claim 9 , malate dehydrogenase claim 9 , malate-CoA ligase and malyl-CoA lyase.1214-. (canceled)15. The microorganism of claim 1 , being autotrophic.1619-. (canceled)20. The microorganism of claim 1 , being a bacterium.21. (canceled)22Escherichia.. The microorganism of claim 20 , wherein said bacterium comprises23. The microorganism of claim 1 , being incapable of transporting and utilizing sugar.24. The microorganism of claim 23 , not expressing at least one of the enzymes selected from the group consisting of phosphoglyceromutase claim 23 , isocitrate lyase and phosphogluconate dehydratase.25. The microorganism of claim 1 , being a yeast ...

Energy generation system using biomass and method of controlling the same

An energy generation system using biomass includes a first information generation unit that generates the first information indicating that a distributor handling food has disposed of food waste biomass, an energy generation device that generates energy and the like using biomass collected from the distributor, a second information generation unit that generates the second information indicating that energy and the like have been generated using biomass collected from the distributor, a third information generation unit that obtains the first information and the second information and generates the third information indicating generation of at least one of energy and energy sources by collecting biomass disposed by the distributor, and a display unit that displays the third information generated by the third information generation unit.

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR TREATING BIOMASS

Methods and apparatuses for treating biomass are provided herein. In an embodiment, an exemplary method of treating biomass includes providing a biomass stream that includes a lipid component or a derivative thereof and a contaminant component that includes nitrogen, phosphorous, ammonia, or a combination thereof. The contaminant component is extracted from the biomass stream with a wash composition that includes water to produce a washed biomass stream that includes the lipid component and a waste water stream that includes the contaminant component. The waste water stream is contacted with a substrate that includes a bound microorganism to remove the contaminant component from the waste water stream. 1. A method of treating biomass , wherein the method comprises:providing a biomass stream comprising a lipid component or a derivative thereof and a contaminant component including nitrogen, phosphorous, ammonia, or a combination thereof;extracting the contaminant component from the biomass stream with a wash composition comprising water to produce a washed biomass stream comprising the lipid component and a waste water stream comprising the contaminant component; andcontacting the waste water stream with a substrate comprising a bound microorganism to remove the contaminant component from the waste water stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bound microorganism is an anaerobic microorganism and wherein contacting the waste water stream comprises contacting the waste water stream with the substrate comprising the anaerobic microorganism to produce a biogas stream.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising heating the wash composition using the biogas stream.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bound microorganism is an aerobic microorganism and wherein contacting the waste water stream comprises contacting the waste water stream with the substrate comprising the aerobic microorganism to produce exhaust gas.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bound ...

Apparatus and method for enhancing anaerobic digestion based on the coupling of electron transfer with microbial electrolytic cell

Anaerobic digestion is enhanced based on the coupling of electron transfer with microbial electrolytic cell. A traditional anaerobic digestion reactor is used as the main body, a microbial electrolytic cell applied with a micro voltage is constructed, and the electron transfer in the system is optimized by an immobilized conductor material, to establish an efficient electron output-transfer-consumption anaerobic digestion pathway to produce methane.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REACTOR CONTROL

A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

MEANS AND METHODS FOR METHANE PRODUCTION

A solid state fermentation process for producing methane, and a bioreactor and solid support for use in the process are disclosed. 1. A bioreactor comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a COdistribution system;'}{'sub': '2', 'an Hdistribution system;'}a water collection system; and{'sub': '4', 'a CHcollection system, wherein the bioreactor is-being loaded with a porous solid support in which at least 10% of the pore volumes have a size resulting in a water suction of about 0.01 to about 1.0 bar as compared to free water, the solid support is-being inoculated with methanogens, the bioreactor comprising a solid phase, a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, wherein the volume of the gaseous phase is 20% to 80% of the volume of the bioreactor.'}2. The bioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein said porous solid support comprises:particles having a diameter of 0.1 mm to 10 mm for at least 20% of the particles;a spongy material having a pore size of 0.1 mm to 10 mm for at least 10% of its pores;a filamentous material, wherein the diameter of inter-filamentous spaces is from 0.1 mm to 10 mm for at least 10% of its inter-filamentous spaces; ora mixture thereof.3. The bioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein said solid support has a cationic exchange capacity of at least 0.1 mmol/g.4. The bioreactor according to claim 1 , wherein said solid support has a specific surface area of at least 5 m/g.5. The bioreactor according to claim 2 , wherein said solid support particles are selected from the group consisting of material mixtures comprising vermiculite claim 2 , material mixtures comprising modified vermiculite claim 2 , material mixtures comprising vermiculite-like material claim 2 , material mixtures comprising synthetic vermiculites claim 2 , synthetic cation exchange resins claim 2 , various peat types claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.6. The bioreactor according to claim 2 , wherein said spongy material is selected from the group consisting of synthetic spongy materials and natural sponges. ...