СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ АНАЭРОБНОЙ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ

Изобретение относится к области биотехнологии. Способ получения летучих органических кислот включает стадии: а) анаэробной ферментации биомассы в водной ферментационной среде с получением ферментированного сусла, б) извлечения ферментированного сиропа из ферментированного сусла, в) концентрирования ферментированного сиропа путем выпаривания и г) извлечения летучих органических кислот из концентрированного ферментированного сиропа, при этом указанный ферментированный сироп аэрируют до стадии в) концентрирования ферментированного сиропа путем выпаривания. Способ позволяет извлекать летучие органические кислоты с высоким выходом, ограничивая их потери. 6 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА

Изобретение относится к биотехнологической промышленности. Предложен способ получения химического вещества, продуцируемого микроорганизмом(ами) посредством непрерывной ферментации сахарного сиропа, полученного из целлюлозосодержащей биомассы. Способ включает фильтрацию культуральной жидкости через разделительную мембрану, сохранение не подвергнутой фильтрованию жидкости или возвращение не подвергнутой фильтрованию жидкости в культуральной(ую) жидкости(ь), добавление в культуральную жидкость исходного материала для ферментации и выделение химического продукта. Используемый микроорганизм(ы) подвергается подавлению катаболитами. Отношение пентозы к гексозе в сахарном сиропе от 1:9 до 9:1. Концентрация пентозы в фильтрате не более 5 г/л, при этом пентозой является ксилоза. Изобретение обеспечивает высокий выход химического вещества. 4 з.п. ф-лы, 35 табл., 37 пр.

ШТАММ, ПРОДУЦИРУЮЩИЙ D-МОЛОЧНУЮ КИСЛОТУ, И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Группа изобретений относится к рекомбинантному микроорганизму Lactobacillus sp., продуцирующему D-молочную кислоту, способу его получения и способу получения D-молочной кислоты с использованием указанного микроорганизма. Рекомбинантный микроорганизм Lactobacillus sp. получают инактивированием L-лактатдегидрогеназы (L-LDH) и усилением активности D-лактатдегидрогеназы (D-LDH) в микроорганизме Lactobacillus sp., продуцирующем больше L-молочной кислоты, чем D-молочной кислоты. При этом указанный микроорганизм Lactobacillus sp. выбран из группы, состоящей из Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei и Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Способ получения D-молочной кислоты включает культивирование указанного рекомбинантного микроорганизма Lactobacillus sp. с получением культурального бульона и извлечение D-молочной кислоты из культурального бульона. Группа изобретений обеспечивает высокий выход D-молочной кислоты. 3 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 3 табл., 5 пр.

Микроорганизм, имеющий повышенную продуктивность в отношении молочной кислоты, и способ получения молочной кислоты с использованием данного микроорганизма

Изобретение относится к области биохимии, генной инженерии и биотехнологии, в частности к модифицированному микроорганизму Saccharomyces cerevisiae, имеющему повышенную продуктивность в отношении молочной кислоты. Настоящий модифицированный микроорганизм характеризуется тем, что в нем снижена активность пируватдекарбоксилазы, усилены активности альдегиддегидрогеназы и ацетил-КоА-синтетазы и в него введена дегидрогеназа молочной кислоты. В результате указанных модификаций этот микроорганизм способен продуцировать молочную кислоту с высоким выходом. Изобретение также относится к способу получения молочной кислоты. Настоящий способ предусматривает культивирование указанного микроорганизма и выделение из культуральной среды молочной кислоты, продуцируемой при культивировании этого микроорганизма. Настоящее изобретение позволяет получать молочную кислоту с высоким выходом. 2 н. и 4 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 14 табл., 10 пр.

Испытание качества полимеризуемой молочной кислоты и способ его осуществления

Настоящее изобретение относится к получению молочной кислоты, являющейся полимеризуемым материалом, из углеводсодержащих материалов посредством ферментации последующей очистки от ферментируемых сред. Описан способ получения полимеризуемой молочной кислоты из ферментируемых сред, включающий следующие стадии; отделение имеющейся биомассы и любых твердых веществ от ферментируемой среды по меньшей мере в две последовательные стадии; снижение значения pH до значений 2,2-2,4 путем добавления и примешивания концентрированной серной кислоты в раствор молочной кислоты из ферментируемой среды без биомассы; отделение раствора молочной кислоты от ферментируемой среды без биомассы посредством применения хроматографии псевдодвижущегося слоя (SMB); очистка отделенного раствора молочной кислоты с помощью первой стадии ионного обмена; концентрирование раствора молочной кислоты, очищенного на первой стадии ионного обмена, с помощью первой стадии одно- или многоступенчатого выпаривания; дополнительная очистка ...

СПОСОБ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ НИЗКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО САХАРА В ЭТАНОЛ

Способ ферментации низкомолекулярного сахара в этанол включает смешивание низкомолекулярного сахара, одного или нескольких ферментирующих микроорганизмов и модифицированной биомассы, ферментацию низкомолекулярного сахара в условиях, подходящих для конвертирования сахара в этанол. Причем модифицированная биомасса имеет объемную плотность менее чем примерно 0,5 г/сми содержит целлюлозные волокна, которые по существу были подвергнуты облучению и содержат группы карбоновой кислоты. Ферментирующий микроорганизм включает дрожжи, выбранные из группы, состоящей из S. cerevisiae и Р.Stipitis, или бактерии Zymomonas mobilis. Изобретение позволяет получить этанол с выходом, равным по меньшей мере 140%. 16 з.п. ф-лы, 40 ил, 78 табл., 32 пр.

Штамм лактобактерий Enterococcus canintestini КФ н 37 12-2018 ВКПМ В-13053 - продуцент молочной кислоты и антибиотических веществ

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии Штамм лактобактерий Enterococcus canintestini КФ(н)37, обладающий способностью продуцировать молочную кислоту и антагонистической способностью по отношению к условно- патогенной и патогенной микрофлоре, депонирован во Всероссийской Коллекции Промышленных Микроорганизмов под регистрационным номером ВКПМ В-13053. Штамм лактобактерий Enterococcus canintestini ВКПМ В-13053 может быть использован для получения кисломолочных напитков.

Способ получения молочной кислоты

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии. Способ получения молочной кислоты предусматривает внесение бактерий рода Lactobacillus в питательную среду, содержащую рассиропную, отстерилизованную свекловичную мелассу, сточные воды, предварительно очищенные с помощью биомассы Chlorella vulgaris при заданных соотношениях компонентов, и культивирование молочнокислых бактерий в течение 24-35 часов, при температуре 37-50°С, начальном уровне рН 6,5-7,5, при перемешивании 50-80 об/мин, аэрации суспензии на стадии накопительного культивирования газовоздушной смесью 60-80 л/ч с последующим обеспечением анаэробных условий в течение 24-35 ч. Причем в питательной среде используют сточные воды, очищенные до содержания внеклеточных метаболитов, моль/л: водорастворимые витамины В2, В12 - 10-10, растворимые полисахариды (галактоза, арабиноза, галактоза, ксилоза) - 10-10, свободные жирные кислоты (стеариновая, олеиновая, линолевая, линоленовая) - 10-10, полипептиды, свободные аминокислоты - 10-10, вещества фенольной ...

СПОСОБ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ

Изобретение относится к области биотехнологии, в частности к способу производства продукта ферментации. Ферментируют в условиях ферментации в водной ферментационной среде в реакторе ферментации источник углеводов с помощью микроорганизма, способного превращать углевод в продукт ферментации, причем продукт ферментации представляет собой соль или продукт с температурой кипения выше температуры кипения воды. В процессе ферментации извлекают часть ферментационной среды, содержащей биомассу, в виде возвратного потока. Подают возвратный поток в сосуд под давлением, в котором давление выбирают так, что температура возвратного потока снижается путем испарения воды на величину 1-8°С по сравнению с температурой ферментационной среды в реакторе ферментации. Возвращают рециклом охлажденный возвратный поток в реактор ферментации. Изобретение позволяет регулировать температуру ферментационного бульона в реакторе на уровне желательной температуры с отклонением 0,1°С, получать однородный профиль температуры ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ЭТАНОЛ

... 1. Способ превращения целлюлозного материала в этанол и другие продукты, причем целлюлозный материал содержит по меньшей мере целлюлозу, лигнин, гемицеллюлозу и золу, в котором целлюлозный материал очищают и подвергают непрерывной гидротермической предварительной обработке без добавления кислот или оснований, или других химических реактивов, которые требуется извлекать, причем получают жидкость и фракцию волокон, фракцию волокон подвергают ферментативному размягчению и осахариванию, причем способ включает ферментацию с получением этанола и извлечение продукта, где способ включает: ! осуществление гидротермической предварительной обработки, подвергая целлюлозный материал по меньшей мере одной операции вымачивания, и проведение целлюлозного материала через по меньшей мере один реактор высокого давления, задающий зону высокого давления реактора, работающую при повышенном давлении; целлюлозный материал нагревают до температуры от 170 до 230°С, и проводят по меньшей мере одну операцию отжима ...

Микроорганизм, продуцирующий молочную кислоту, и способ продуцирования молочной кислоты с его использованием

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МОЛОЧНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

СТИМУЛИРУЕМОЕ СВЕТОМ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ CO2 ДО ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ, СЛУЖАЩИХ ТОПЛИВАМИ ИЛИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫМИ ПОЛУФАБРИКАТАМИ, В АВТОТРОФАХ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ КАССЕТУ С ГЕНАМИ ФЕРМЕНТОВ

... 1. Способ получения органического соединения и/или промежуточного соединения, продуцируемого в каскаде, ведущем к указанному органическому соединению, путем подачи диоксида углерода в культуру клеток цианобактерий и воздействия на указанную культуру светом, где указанная клетка способна экспрессировать молекулу нуклеиновой кислоты, где экспрессия указанной молекулы нуклеиновой кислоты придает клетке способность превращать промежуточное соединение гликолиза в указанное органическое соединение и/или в указанное промежуточное соединение, и где указанная молекула нуклеиновой кислоты находится под контролем регуляторной системы, которая отвечает на изменение концентрации питательного вещества в указанной культуре. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где указанный фермент является, по существу, нечувствительным к инактивации кислородом. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, где органическим продуктом является бутанол, промежуточным соединением является бутиральдегид, и где молекулы нуклеиновых кислот кодируют ферменты, ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛАКТАТА

... 1. Способ получения соли молочной кислоты, включающий стадию осуществления кристаллизации водного раствора соли молочной кислоты, содержащего соль муравьиной кислоты в количестве не менее 7,0% по массе по отношению к указанной соли молочной кислоты, и извлечения указанной соли молочной кислоты.2. Способ получения соли молочной кислоты по п.1, в котором указанный водный раствор соли молочной кислоты представляет собой водный раствор соли молочной кислоты, содержащий соль муравьиной кислоты в количестве от 7,0 до 40,0% по массе по отношению к указанной соли молочной кислоты.3. Способ получения соли молочной кислоты по п.1 или 2, в котором указанная соль молочной кислоты представляет собой лактат кальция или лактат магния.4. Способ получения соли молочной кислоты по п.1, в котором концентрация соли молочной кислоты в указанном водном растворе соли молочной кислоты составляет от 10,0 до 30,0% по массе.5. Способ получения соли молочной кислоты по п.1, в котором кристаллизация указанной соли ...

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОТОКА ВЕЩЕСТВ

... 1. Способ обработки потока веществ, который содержит, по меньшей мере, одно полезное вещество, выбранное из группы: ! A) аминокислоты, ! B) полученные из аминокислот различные карбоксикислоты, имеющие от 1 до 5 атомов углерода, ! C) неорганические соли, включающий следующие стадии: ! (1) обработка потока веществ путем нанофильтрации с получением ретентата, обогащенного полезным веществом (А), ! (2) обработка пермеата стадии (1) путем электродиализа с получением концентрата, обогащенного полезным веществом (С), ! (3) обработка дилуата стадии (2) при помощи системы (3) из двух друг с другом непосредственно или опосредованно соединенных стадий (4) и (5), причем ! (4) обработку проводят посредством обратного осмоса и ! (5) обработку проводят посредством электродиализа с получением концентрата, обогащенного полезным веществом (В) ! (6) по меньшей мере часть ретентата стадии (4) непосредственно или опосредованно направляют на стадию (5) ! (7) по меньшей мере часть дилуата стадии (5) непосредственно ...

Способ получения @ -молочной кислоты

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧьНИЯ 13-МОЛрЧНОЙ . Кислоты путем сбраживания глюкозы или лактозы бактериями рода LactobacHlOs в присутствии источника азота, регулятора рН и других питательных минеральных солей в анаэробных условиях при рН 4,5 - 7,0 и температуре 3050 С с послепутшим выделением целевогЪ гфодукта, отличающийс я тем, что, с целью повьшения в ыхода кислоты, из бактерий рода Lactobaci Mus используют штамм .Lactobacillus bulgaricus DSM 2129.

VERFAHREN ZUR ISOLIERUNG VON MILCHSAEURE AUS FESTSTOFFHALTIGEN WAESSRIGEN LOESUNGEN.

Gärung zur Gewinnung von d-Milchsäure.

EINE METHODE ZUR INDUKTION DER MALOLAKTISCHEN GÄRUNG VON WEIN ODER FRUCHTSAFT DURCH DIREKTES ANIMPFEN MIT EINER NICHT-AKTIVIERTEN STARTERKULTUR.

Reporter systems for promoters of fermentative or metabolic pathways in bacteria

A reporter construct comprising a light-emitting reporter, such as luceiferase, operative linked to a promoter of a gene expressed in a fermentative or synthetic pathway in a cell is disclosed. The pathway may be a solventogenesis pathway, such as one producing acetone, ethanol or butanol, preferably from Clostridium, E.Coli, Z. mobilis or S. cerevisiae. The expression of the reporter correlates with the expression of the target product of the fermentative or synthetic pathway, and therefore the amount of light produced by the reporter indicates the amount of target product being produced. When the reporter is measured in real time, it provides information that can be used to regulate culture conditions and to optimize production of the target product.

Lignocellulose conversion processes and products

Expression of heterologous enzymes in yeast for flavoured alcoholic beverage production

The present disclosure concerns recombinant yeast host cells expressing one or more heterologous polypeptide for making a flavour compound and a native ethanol production pathway. The recombinant yeast host cells can be used in a subsequent production process to make flavoured alcoholic beverage products, such as beers.

Improvements in fermentation of paper pulp waste liquors

Fatty acids and derivatives thereof are obtained by fermenting waste liquors resulting from paper pulp manufacture at 40-50 DEG C. and at a pH of 5.5-7.5, by means of a culture which is obtained by growing together (a) mixed bacteria obtained from soil or the intestinal canal of herbivorous animals or both, without any separation or selective cultivation, and (b) a pure culture chosen according to the product derived from cultures of lactic, butyric, pseudo-lactic, cellulosolytic or pectinolytic bacteria. Liquors from the soda process are treated with acid and liquors from the sulphite process are treated with alkali to give the required pH before fermentation. The resulting fatty acid, e.g. butyric acid may be converted to ketone. Specification 565,772 is referred to.

Process for making lactic acid and lactates

... 265,336. Faithfull, S. E. Dec. 8, 1925. Lactic acid and lactates are produced by fermentation, a gaseous oxidizing material containing free oxygen being introduced to retard the production of butyric acid, and impurities being removed from the lactate solution after fermentation. In an example a hydrolyzed carbohydrate (glucose) is subjected to fermentation with lactic bacteria in slightly acid solution. Slaked lime or calcium carbonate is added to neutralize the acid formed and oxygen or air is injected during the fermentation and as long as calcium lactate is present in the liquor. The solution is then made slightly alkaline and heated nearly to boiling point, which converts any carbohydrates remaining into caramel, which can be filtered off. The solution is concentrated, acidified, and lead lactate or other lead salt or tannin is added to precipitate the nitrogeneous matter present, from which, after filtration, nitrogen may be recovered as ammonia by heating. The solution may be purified ...

Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of acetic acid and lactic acid by fermentation

... 316,287. Soc. Anon. des Distilleries des Deux-Sevres. July 27, 1928, [Convention date]. Drawings to Specification. Bacteria, cultivating. - A species of bacteria named lacto-bacillus acidophilus B which ferments worts rich in sugar and occurs naturally in milk, is selected by starting with a culture medium containing 10 per cent sugar and testing samples taken therefrom on natural sugar worts at a temperature of 38‹ C. and with a lactic acid content of 25 to 30 grams per litre until the species of bacteria is found evolving rapidly in such a medium.

Improvements in concealed door hinges

... 447,734. Concealed hinges. LEFEVRE, E. B. G., 14618, Ashton Road, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Feb. 17, 1936, No. 4754. Convention date, March 6, 1935. [Class 65 (ii)] A concealed hinge for a vehicle door comprises a member 30 attached to the body, a member 31 attached to the door, and links 32, 33, of which the latter is the longer, pivoted to the members 30, 31, the pivots on member 30 being in a line forming a substantial angle with the outer surface of the closed door while the pivots on member 31 are on a line nearly parallel to the door surface and are further apart than those on member 30; the longer link 33 is attached to the outer pivot on member 30 and the inner one on member 31. Members 30, 31 are fixed adjustably to reinforcing members 13, 27, welded or otherwise fixed to the sheet-metal body and door, by screws passing through slots in these members into clamping plates.

PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF LACTIC ACID

... 1,220,770. Purification of lactic acid. RHONE-POULENC S.A. 13 Nov., 1969 [14 Nov., 1968], No. 55727/69. Heading C2C. [Also in Division C7] Lactic acid, obtained by the fermentation of carbohydrates, is purified by (a) introducing the crude lactic acid, in aqueous solution containing 1-80 weight per cent of lactic acid into a dilution compartment while introducing water or an aqueous solution of an acid into a concentration compartment of an electrodialysis cell; and removing from the concentration compartment an aqueous solution containing purified lactic acid, and (b) extracting the purified lactic acid from the said solution with an organic solvent immiscible in water, e.g. diisopropyl ether saturated with water.

Expression of heterologous enzymes in yeast for flavoured alcoholic beverage production

Processing and transforming biomass

Processing biomass and energy

Processing materials

Controlling process gases

Processing biomass

Processing materials

Upgrading process streams

Processing biomass materials

Processing biomass

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomass.

Reconfigurable processing enclosures

Array for processing materials

Upgrading process streams

Processing biomass

Processing biomass and energy

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Filtration

Processing materials

Processing of biomass materials

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing materials

Processing and transforming biomass

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Controlling process gases

Processing biomass materials

Enclosures for treating materials

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC A CIDS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomass

Processing biomas.

Processing biomass

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomass.

Processing biomass

Processing biomass

Methods and compositions for biomethane production

Process of production of a stable culture of a micro-organism of the lactobacillus kind.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing biomass

Processing biomas.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing materials

Processing biomass

Processing biomass materials

Processing biomass and energy

Reconfigurable processing enclosures

Processing materials

Processing biomass

Processing biomass

Processing biomass

Upgrading process streams

Filtration

Processing of biomass materials

Enclosures for treating materials

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC A CIDS

Controlling process gases

Array for processing materials

Processing and transforming biomass

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Processing of biomass materials

Enclosures for treating materials

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC A CIDS

Homolactic Fermentation from Pentose

Provided is a lactic acid bacterium capable of homolactic fermentation using a pentose as a substrate, the lactic acid bacterium utilizing a pentose, and in which a phosphoketolase pathway is blocked and a pentose phosphate pathway is activated. Also provided is a method for producing lactic acid from a pentose using the lactic acid bacterium and a method for preparing the lactic acid bacterium.

Method for producing lactic acid

Provided is a method for producing lactic acid, which includes: obtaining D-lactic acid or L-lactic acid by carrying out lactic acid fermentation using a lactic acid-producing microorganism under a pressurized condition that exceeds normal pressure and is capable of maintaining lactic acid production activity of the lactic acid-producing microorganism.

Mesophilic and Thermophilic Organisms Modified to Produce Acrylate, and Methods of Use Thereof

The present invention provides for novel metabolic pathways leading to acrylate formation in a consolidated bio-processing system (CBP) where lignocellulosic biomass is efficiently converted to acrylate. In one such metabolic pathway, pyruvate is converted to lactate, which is converted to lactoyol-CoA, which is converted to acryloyl-CoA, and which is finally converted to acrylate. In another such metabolic pathway, pyruvate is converted to L-α-alanine, which is converted to L-aspartate, which is converted to β-alanine, which is converted to β-alanyl-CoA, which is converted to acryloyl-CoA, and which is finally converted to acrylate. In yet another metabolic pathway, pyruvate is converted to lactate, and then lactate is converted directly to acrylate. In certain aspects, the invention provides for heterologous expression of one or more enzymes in a mesophilic or thermophilic organism, such as Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum or Clostridium thermocellutn , where the one or more enzymes functions within a novel metabolic pathway as described above to convert pyruvate to acrylate via lactate, or via β alanine and acryloyl-CoA.

Transformant and process for production thereof, and process for production of lactic acid

The present invention relates to a transformant, containing a lactate dehydrogenase gene which is introduced into Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a host, in which a part of a gene cluster encoding a pyruvate decarboxylase in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe host is deleted or inactivated.

Substrate-selective co-fermentation process

Biological method for conversion of a sugar-containing organic material into a desired biochemical product. Use of a plurality of substrate-selective cells allows different sugars in a complex mixture to be consumed concurrently and independently. The method can be readily extended to remove inhibitory compounds from hydrolysate.

L-LACTATE PRODUCTION IN CYANOBACTERIA

A process of producing L-lactate as defined herein by feeding carbon dioxide to a culture of a cyanobacterial cell and subjecting said culture to light, wherein said cell is capable of expressing a nucleic acid molecule, wherein the expression of said nucleic acid molecule confer on the cell the ability to convert a glycolytic intermediate into L-lactate and wherein said nucleic acid molecule is under the control of a regulatory system which responds to light or to a change in the concentration of a nutrient in said culture. 1. A process of producing L-lactate by feeding carbon dioxide to a culture of a cyanobacterial cells and subjecting said culture to light , wherein said cell comprises a nucleic acid molecule coding for an enzyme capable of converting pyruvate to L-lactate , preferably for a L-lactate dehydrogenase , more preferably for a NAD(P)H-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase , and wherein the expression of said nucleic acid molecule confers on the cell the ability to convert a glycolytic intermediate into L-lactate.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said nucleic acid molecule is under the control of a regulatory system which responds to light intensity.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said enzyme is substantially not sensitive towards oxygen inactivation.4. (canceled)5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a a nucleotide sequence encoding a L-lactate dehydrogenase claim 1 , wherein said nucleotide sequence is selected from the group consisting of:i. nucleotide sequences encoding a L-lactate dehydrogenase, said L-lactate dehydrogenase comprising an amino acid sequence that has at least 40% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2;ii. nucleotide sequences comprising a nucleotide sequence that has at least 40% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;iii. nucleotide sequences the reverse complementary strand of which hybridizes to a nucleic acid molecule of ...

Transformed cells that ferment-pentose sugars and methods of their use

The present invention relates to host cells transformed with a nucleic acid sequence encoding a eukaryotic xylose isomerase obtainable from an anaerobic fungus. When expressed, the sequence encoding the xylose isomerase confers to the host cell the ability to convert xylose to xylulose which may be further metabolized by the host cell. Thus, the host cell is capable of growth on xylose as carbon source. The host cell preferably is a eukaryotic microorganism such as a yeast or a filamentous fungus. The invention further relates to processes for the production of fermentation products such as ethanol, in which a host cell of the invention uses xylose for growth and for the production of the fermentation product. The invention further relates to nucleic acid sequences encoding eukaryotic xylose isomerases and xylulose kinases as obtainable from anaerobic fungi.

LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION METHOD

A method of producing lactic acid by separating lactic acid produced in a culture solution by microbial fermentation, comprising: a step (A) of filtering the culture solution through a nano-filtration membrane; and a step (B) of distilling a lactic-acid-containing solution produced in step (A) under a pressure of 1 Pa to atmospheric pressure (inclusive) at a temperature of 25 to 200° C. (inclusive) to recover lactic acid. 1. A method of producing lactic acid comprising producing lactic acid in a culture solution by microbial fermentation; and separating the lactic acid by steps comprising:a step A of filtering the culture solution through a nano-filtration membrane; anda step B of distilling a lactic acid-containing solution obtained in step A under a pressure of 1 Pa to atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 25° C. to 200° C. to recover lactic acid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein pH of the culture solution in step A is not less than 2 and not more than 4.5.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step C prior to step A of adding a calcium salt to said culture solution to maintain a selected pH during the microbial fermentation claim 1 , and then removing a resulting calcium component in said culture solution as a poorly-soluble sulfate salt.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of permeability of magnesium sulfate to permeability of citric acid through said nano-filtration membrane is 3 or more at 0.5 MPa of operation pressure claim 1 , 25° C. of liquid temperature claim 1 , and 1000 ppm of magnesium sulfate concentration.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a permeability of magnesium sulfate through said nano-filtration membrane is 1.5% or less at 0.5 MPa of operation pressure claim 1 , 25° C. of liquid temperature claim 1 , and 1000 ppm of magnesium sulfate concentration.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a membrane material of said nano-filtration membrane includes polyamide.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein filtration pressure of the culture ...

Acid Production by Fermentation

The invention provides methods for producing Lactate by anaerobic Fermentation. According to particular methods of the invention, Lactate is produced by anaerobic fermentation of a substrate comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 1. A method of producing lactate by microbial fermentation , said method comprising:continuously passing a gaseous substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor comprising a culture of at least one carboxydotrophic microorganism and anaerobically fermenting the substrate to produce lactate; wherein the gaseous substrate comprising CO is provided such that a specific rate of CO uptake of at least 0.4 mmol CO/gram dry cells weight of bacteria/minute by the culture is maintained and lactate is produced at a productivity greater than 0.2 g/L/per day.2. The method of wherein the substrate is provided at a level sufficient to maintain a specific CO uptake rate of at least 0.6 mmol CO/gram dry cells weight of bacteria/minute.3. The method of wherein the at least one microorganism comprises at least one lactate dehydrogenase gene and the lactate dehydrogenase gene is upregulated such that lactate is produced by the microorganism.4Clostridium autoethanogenum.. The method of wherein the microorganism comprises5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous substrate comprises at least 15% to about 100% CO by volume.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous substrate comprises a gas obtained as a by-product from an industrial process.7. The method of wherein the substrate is provided at a level sufficient to maintain a specific CO uptake rate of at least 0.8 mmol CO/gram dry cells weight of bacteria/minute.8. The method of wherein the lactate is produced at a productivity greater than 0.3 g/L/per day.9. The method of wherein the lactate is produced at a productivity greater than 0.5 g/L/per day.10Clostridium autoethanogenumClostridium autoethanogenum. The method of wherein the has at least some of the defining characteristics of the strain deposited ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL TO ETHANOL

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced. The fibre fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises: 1. A method for conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol and other products , the cellulosic material comprising at least cellulose , lignin , hemicellulose and ash , in which method the cellulosic material is cleaned and subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of acids or bases or other chemicals , which must be recovered , and in which method a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced , the fibre fraction being subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification , the method including ethanol fermentation and product recovery , the method comprising:performing the hydrothermal pre-treatment by subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one soaking operation, and conveying the cellulosic material through at least one pressurised reactor defining a reactor pressure zone at an elevated pressure; the cellulosic material being heated to a temperature between 170 and 230° C., and subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one pressing operation, creating a fibre fraction and a liquid fraction;selecting the temperature and residence time for the hydrothermal pretreatment, so that the fibrous structure of the feedstock is maintained and at least 80% of the lignin is maintained in the fibre fraction;unloading the pressed fibre fraction from the reactor pressure zone to a downstream closed zone, which is at a lower pressure than the reactor pressure zone, while collecting the released steam without access for air;unloading the liquid fraction from the pressurised ...

Bacillus coagulans strains and their applications in l-lactic acid production

The invention is concerned with the strains of B. coagulans for lactic acid production and the related methods, in which the carbon sources are pentose or hexose or the agricultural or industrial wastes containing pentose or hexose or a mixture of both. According to the invention, the highest amount of L -lactic acid produced from glucose is 173 g/L, the optical purity is over 99%, the yield is up to 0.98, and the productivity is up to 2.4 g/L per hour. The highest amount of L -lactic acid produced from xylose is 195 g/L, the optical purity is over 99%, the yield is up to 0.98, and the productivity is up to 2.7 g/L per hour. The highest amount of L -lactic acid produced from reducing sugars in xylitol byproducts is 106 g/L, the optical purity is over 99%, and the productivity is up to 2.08 g/L per hour. The B. coagulans strains XZL4 (DSM No. 23183) and XZL9 (DSM No. 23184) of the invention can directly utilize various reducing sugars in xylitol byproducts to produce high amounts of L -lactic acid, which improves the production efficiency at low costs, and the strains are, thus, appropriate for industrial productions.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHEMICALS BY CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION

A method produces a chemical by fermentation including: filtering a liquid containing a feedstock, the chemical, and bacterial, microbial or cultured cells through a membrane to recover the chemical from the filtrate; retaining or refluxing unfiltered liquid in the liquid; and adding the feedstock to the liquid, wherein the membrane is a porous hollow-fiber membrane including a polyvinylidene fluoride resin, the porous hollow-fiber membrane having an average pore size of 0.001 μm to 10.0 μm, pure water permeability coefficient at 50 kPa at 25° C. of 0.5 m/m/hr to 15 m/m/hr, breaking strength of 5 MPa to 20 MPa, elongation at break of 30% to 200%, crimping degree of 1.3 to 2.5, porosity of not less than 40%, and critical surface tension of 45 mN/m to 75 mN/m. 1. A method of producing a chemical by continuous fermentation comprising:filtering a fermentation liquid containing a fermentation feedstock, the chemical, and bacterial, microbial or cultured cells through a separation membrane to recover the chemical from the filtrate;retaining or refluxing unfiltered liquid in the fermentation liquid; andadding the fermentation feedstock to the fermentation liquid;wherein the separation membrane is a porous hollow-fiber membrane comprising a polyvinylidene fluoride resin,{'sup': 3', '2', '3', '2, 'the porous hollow-fiber membrane having an average pore size of not less than 0.001 μm and not more than 10.0 μm, a pure water permeability coefficient at 50 kPa at 25° C. of not less than 0.5 m/m/hr and not more than 15 m/m/hr, a breaking strength of not less than 5 MPa and not more than 20 MPa, an elongation at break of not less than 80% and less than 1150%, a crimp amplitude of not less than 1.3 and not more than 2.5, a porosity of not less than 40%, and a critical surface tension of not less than 45 mN/m and not more than 75 mN/m.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a surface of the porous hollow-fiber membrane is coated with an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.3. The ...

Method for Simultaneous Fermentation of Pentose and Hexose

The present invention relates to a method for simultaneous fermentation of pentose and hexose. The present invention modifies the metabolic pathways of a target microorganism in order to enable the target microorganism to rapidly metabolize pentose and hexose at the same time. This present invention simplified the fermentation process, decreased the cost, and increased the efficiency of the fermentation process. 1. A method enabling a microorganism to ferment pentose and hexose simultaneously , which method comprises steps of:(a) deleting a gene sequence of glucose permease in a target microorganism;(b) introducing a glucose facilitator gene sequence into the target microorganism;(c) introducing at least one promoter into upstream of at least one of the gene sequence in pentose phosphate pathway of the target microorganism; and(d) deleting at least one of gene sequence responsible for synthesis of organic acid in the target microorganism.2Escherichia coli.. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the target microorganism in the step (a) is3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gene sequence of the glucose permease in step (a) is a ptsG gene sequence.4Zymomonas mobilis.. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glucose facilitator gene sequence in the step (b) is a glf gene sequence of5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the gene sequences in the pentose phosphate pathway in the step (c) comprises a rpiA claim 1 , a tktA claim 1 , a rpe claim 1 , a talB gene sequence or the combination thereof.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the gene sequences responsible for the synthesis of organic acid in the step (d) comprises a ldhA claim 1 , a pta claim 1 , a poxB claim 1 , a frdA gene sequence or the combination thereof.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glucose facilitator gene sequence is introduced into the chromosome of the target microorganism in the step (b).8. The method as ...

Catalytic dehydration of lactic acid and lactic acid esters

This invention relates to catalytic dehydration of lactic acid derived from biological fermentation and its esters into acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters respectively. Disclosed in this invention are chemical catalysts suitable for industrial scale production of acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters. This invention also provides an industrial scale integrated process technology for producing acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters from biological fermentation using renewable resources and biological catalysts.

System and process for correcting constant volume acidity of fermentative media for producing organic acids

A system ( 100, 200 ) is described for correcting constant volume acidity of fermentative media for the production of organic acids, which comprises a fermenter ( 1 ) provided with a pH sensor (P 1 ) a filtration module ( 2 ) provided with a filtering element, an addition vessel ( 3 ) provided with a main metering element ( 4 ), and a heat exchanger ( 5 ). Operation of the system ( 100, 200 ) is controlled by a controller (CT). As soon as the sensor (P 1 ) detects a reduction in pH to below the ideal values for producing organic acid, the controller (CT) calculates the amount of fermentative medium to be withdrawn from the fermenter ( 1 ) and said amount is conveyed to the vessel ( 3 ) in order to be alkalinized and returned to the system. Arrangements of the system with more than one fermenter are also described. The process for correcting acidity used by the system ( 100, 200 ) of the invention is likewise described.

Method for producing l-lactic acid by lactic acid bacterium under presence of pentose and cellooligosaccharides

The present invention thus provides a method for producing L-lactic acid, which comprises the step of culturing a lactic acid bacterium that can produce L-lactic acid in a medium containing any one selected from the group consisting of cellobiose, cellooligosaccharides, xylose, arabinose, and glucose derived from cellulose and/or hemicellulose as a substrate to obtain L-lactic acid. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Enterococcus mundtii NITE BP-965 can be used.

Processes and apparatus for producing fermentable sugars and low-ash biomass for combustion at reduced emissions

This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing hemicellulosic sugars and low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution; and recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products include fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin.

METHOD OF PRODUCING COMPOUND ORIGINATING FROM POLYSACCHARIDE-BASED BIO-MASS

A method of producing a compound originating from a polysaccharide-based biomass includes at least one of a saccharification step that produces a sugar solution containing a monosaccharide and/or an oligosaccharide from a product obtainable by hydrolyzing the polysaccharide-based biomass; a fermentation step that ferments the sugar solution containing the monosaccharide and/or oligosaccharide originating from the polysaccharide-based biomass; and a treatment that removes a fermentation inhibitor with the use of a separation membrane having a glucose removal rate and an isopropyl alcohol removal rate which simultaneously satisfy the following relationships (I) and (II) when a 500 ppm aqueous glucose solution at pH 6.5 at 25° C. and a 500 ppm aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution at pH 6.5 at 25° C. are respectively permeated through the membrane at an operation pressure of 0.5 MPa, prior to the saccharification step and/or in the step prior to the fermentation step: 1. A method of producing a compound originating from a polysaccharide-based biomass comprising:at least one of a saccharification step that produces a sugar solution containing 1) a monosaccharide and an oligosaccharide or 2) a monosaccharide or 3) an oligosaccharide from a product obtainable by hydrolyzing the polysaccharide-based biomass;a fermentation step that ferments the sugar solution containing 1) the monosaccharide and oligosaccharide or 2) the monosaccharide or 3) the oligosaccharide originating from the polysaccharide-based biomass; and [{'br': None, 'Glucose removal rate≧80%\u2003\u2003(I)'}, {'br': None, 'Glucose removal rate−Isopropyl alcohol removal rate≧20%\u2003\u2003(II).'}], 'a treatment step that removes a fermentation inhibitor with a separation membrane comprising at least one of cellulose acetate, polyamide, polyester, polyimide, or a vinyl polymer, having a glucose removal rate and an isopropyl alcohol removal rate which simultaneously satisfy relationships (I) and (II) when a 500 ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHEMICAL BY CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION

A method of producing a chemical includes a fermentation step that converts a fermentation feedstock, through fermentation by culturing a microorganism or culture cells, into a fermented liquid containing the chemical, and a membrane separation step that collects the chemical, as a filtrate, from the fermented liquid with the use of two or more separation membrane modules, and returning the non-filtered liquid to the fermented liquid, wherein in the membrane separation step, timing of the filtration-stop treatment for each separation membrane module is controlled when an intermittent filtration operation including alternately repeating a filtration treatment and a filtration-stop treatment is performed with plural separation membrane modules. 1. A method of producing a chemical by continuous fermentation , comprising:a fermentation step that converts a fermentation feedstock, through fermentation by culturing a microorganism or culture cells, into a fermented liquid containing the chemical by a fermentation tank; anda membrane separation step that collects the chemical, as a filtrate, from the fermented liquid with the use of a plurality of separation membrane modules, and returning a non-filtered liquid to a fermented tank,wherein, in the membrane separation step, an intermittent filtration treatment is performed such that a filtration treatment and a filtration-stop treatment are alternately repeated with the plurality of the separation membrane modules, andtiming of the filtration-stop treatment in each separation membrane module is controlled during the intermittent filtration treatment.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the filtration-stop treatment of the separation membrane module is controlled such that stopping the filtering operation of at least one separation membrane module is performed during an filtering operation of other separation membrane module.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the filtration-stop treatment of the separation ...

USE OF MONASCUS IN ORGANIC ACID PRODUCTION

The present invention provides tools and methods for producing organic acids using strains of which are tolerant to high organic acid concentrations at low pH. 1. A method of producing a composition comprising an organic acid comprising the steps of:{'i': 'Monascus', '(i) providing a micro-organism of the genus , tolerant to an organic acid concentration of at least 50 g/L at a pH of less than 5.0, which has been genetically modified for increased production of said organic acid; and'}(ii) culturing said micro-organism at a pH which is less than 1.5 unit above the pKa value of the organic acid in the presence of a hexose or pentose sugars or combinations thereof as the sole carbon source.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said micro-organism is tolerant to an organic acid concentration of at least 50 g/L at a pH of less than 3.0.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said micro-organism comprises one or more of the following:a) one or more recombinant genes involved in the production of said organic acid; and/orb) one or more engineered gene deletions and/or inactivation of genes involved in an endogenous metabolic pathway which produces a metabolite other than the organic acid of interest and/or wherein the endogenous metabolic pathway consumes the organic acid of interest.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said micro-organism comprises one or more engineered gene deletions and/or inactivation of genes involved in the endogenous production of ethanol.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said micro-organism comprises one or more engineered gene deletions and/or inactivation of the endogenous PDC1 claim 4 , PDC2 and/or PDC4 genes.6. (canceled)7Monascus. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said organic acid is lactic acid and wherein said strain comprises one or more of the followinga) a recombinant gene encoding L-LDH; andb) at least one engineered gene deletion and/or inactivation of an endogenous D-lactic acid production or L-lactic ...

Processing biomass

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Use of monascus in organic acid production

The present invention provides tools and methods for producing organic acids using strains of Monascus which are tolerant to high organicacid concentrations at low pH.

PRODUCTION METHOD FOR CHEMICALS BY CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION

A method of producing chemicals through continuous fermentation includes washing a membrane with a washing liquid supplied from a permeate side of a membrane unit in a continuous fermentation; filtering a culture medium containing a fermentation feedstock, a chemical and a microbe or a cultured cell through a separation membrane; collecting the chemical from a filtrate; retaining or refluxing unfiltered remains in the culture medium; and adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture medium, wherein the washing liquid is high-temperature water having a temperature higher than a temperature of the culture medium and of 150° C. or less, and a concentration of the microbe in a fermenter is controlled by supplying the washing liquid. 1. A method of producing chemicals through continuous fermentation comprising:washing a membrane with a washing liquid supplied from a permeate side of a membrane unit in a continuous fermentation;filtering a culture medium containing a fermentation feedstock, a chemical and a microbe or a cultured cell through a separation membrane;collecting the chemical from a filtrate;retaining or refluxing unfiltered remains in the culture medium; andadding a fermentation feedstock to the culture medium,wherein the washing liquid is high-temperature water having a temperature higher than a temperature of the culture medium and of 150° C. or less, and a concentration of the microbe in a fermenter is controlled by supplying the washing liquid.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the washing liquid contains an oxidizing agent.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the oxidizing agent contains at least one selected from the group consisting of hypochlorite claim 2 , chlorine dioxide claim 2 , ozone claim 2 , and hydrogen peroxide.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the washing liquid contains a pH adjuster.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the washing liquid contains the fermentation feedstock. This application is a §371 ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHEMICAL BY CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION

A method produces a chemical through continuous fermentation including: (a) culturing a cell in a culture medium in a fermentor to ferment a feedstock to produce a chemical; (b) conducting filtration of the culture medium with a separation membrane module; (c) separating a permeate containing the chemical from the culture medium while retaining a non-permeated liquid in the fermentor, and (d) supplying a gas from at least one of a lower portion of the separation membrane module and a pipe communicating between the fermentor and the separation membrane module to adjust a gas linear velocity in the separation membrane module to 0.15 cm/s to 70 cm/s while supplying the separation membrane module with a liquid. 1. A method of producing a chemical through continuous fermentation comprising:(a) culturing a cell in a culture medium in a fermentor to ferment a feedstock to produce a chemical;(b) conducting filtration of the culture medium with a separation membrane module;(c) separating a permeate containing the chemical from the culture medium while retaining a non-permeated liquid in the fermentor, and(d) supplying a gas from at least one of a lower portion of the separation membrane module and a pipe communicating between the fermentor and the separation membrane module to adjust a gas linear velocity in the separation membrane module to 0.15 cm/s to 70 cm/s while supplying the separation membrane module with a liquid.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in (d) claim 1 , the gas contains oxygen.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising claim 2 , in addition to (d) claim 2 , (e) supplying the fermentor with a gas claim 2 , wherein:the gas is supplied in (d) intermittently, andwhen the gas is not supplied in (d), a supply rate of the gas in (e) is increased compared with that when the gas is supplied in (d).4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the filtration in (b) is conducted intermittently.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHEMICALS BY CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION

A method of producing a chemical by continuous fermentation includes a fermentation step of converting a fermentation feedstock to a fermentation liquid containing a chemical by fermentation on cultivation of a microorganism; a membrane separation step of recovering the chemical as a filtrate by a separation membrane from the fermentation liquid; a concentrating step of obtaining a permeate and a concentrate containing the chemical by a reverse osmosis membrane from the filtrate; and/or a purification step of distilling the filtrate to increase a purity of the chemical, in which, cleaning etc. of the separation membrane in the membrane separation step is preformed by using the permeated liquid from the reverse osmosis membrane in the concentrating step and/or the condensed liquid in the purification step. 1. A method of producing a chemical by continuous fermentation comprising:a fermentation step of converting a fermentation feedstock to a fermentation liquid containing a chemical;a membrane separation step of recovering a filtrate containing the chemical by a separation membrane from the fermentation liquid;a concentrating step of obtaining a permeate and a concentrate containing the chemical by a reverse osmosis membrane from the filtrate; anda permeate utilization step of using the permeate as at least one of a fermentation feedstock, a pH adjusting solution, a water content adjusting solution for the fermentation liquid, a cleaning solution for the separation membrane and a cleaning solution for the reverse osmosis membrane.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the permeate utilization step includes using the permeate as the cleaning solution for the separation membrane.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the permeate utilization step includes:adding any one of an alkali, an acid, and an oxidizing agent to the permeate; andusing the permeate after the addition, as a cleaning solution for the separation membrane of the membrane separation step.4. ...

Method for producing sugar solution

A method produces a sugar liquid by adding a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to a pretreated product of cellulose to obtain a hydrolysate; adding waste molasses to said hydrolysate to obtain a mixed sugar liquid; and subjecting said mixed sugar liquid to solid-liquid separation and filtering the obtained solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane, to recover the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase as a non-permeate and to obtain a sugar liquid as a permeate.

Method for producing lactate

A method produces a lactic acid salt and includes subjecting an aqueous lactic acid salt solution comprising a formic acid salt in an amount of not less than 7.0% by weight with respect to the lactic acid salt to crystallization, and recovering the lactic acid salt. By subjecting the aqueous lactic acid salt solution including a formic acid salt in an amount of not less than 7.0% by weight with respect to the lactic acid salt to crystallization, supersaturation of the lactic acid salt can be stabilized, and the recovery of the lactic acid salt can be increased.

Genetic modification of homolactic thermophilic bacilli

Disclosed herein is a genetic modification of moderately thermophilic Bacillus species that are facultative anaerobic and homolactic. The method includes introducing DNA cloned in a thermosensitive plasmid system containing a pSH71 replicon or a homologue thereof into cells of a moderately thermophilic Bacillus species that is facultative anaerobic and homolactic; culturing the cells on a selective medium at a permissive temperature to select transformed cells; culturing the transformed cells on a selective medium at a non-permissive temperature to select transformed cells capable of growing on the selective medium at the non-permissive temperature. The method can modify the Bacilli for R-lactic acid production, production of other organic acids than lactic acid, alcohol, enzymes, amino acids, and vitamins. The Bacillus species may be modified by replacing the S-lactate dehydrogenase gene by a DNA construct including a DNA sequence encoding R-lactate dehydrogenase.

METHOD OF PRODUCING LACTIC ACID BY CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION

A method of producing lactic acid by continuous fermentation includes filtering a culture of polyploidy prototrophic yeast having a capacity to produce lactic acid by introduction of a lactate dehydrogenase gene through a porous membrane having an average pore size of not less than 0.01 μm and less than 1 μm; and recovering the lactic acid from filtrate while the unfiltered liquid is retained in or returned to the culture and a fermentation feedstock is added to the culture. 1. A method of producing lactic acid by continuous fermentation comprising:filtering a culture of polyploidy prototrophic yeast having a capacity to produce lactic acid by introduction of a lactate dehydrogenase gene through a porous membrane having an average pore size of not less than 0.01 μm and less than 1 μm; andrecovering the lactic acid from filtrate while the unfiltered liquid is retained in or returned to the culture and a fermentation feedstock is added to the culture.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said filtration is carried out with a transmembrane pressure difference of said porour membrane within a range of 0.1 kPa to less than 20 kPa.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said polyplid yeast is diploid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the yield of lactic acid to saccharides in said continuous fermentation is not less than 70%.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of accumulated lactic acid in the culture subjected to said continuous fermentation is not less than 40 g/L.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the rate of production of lactic acid during said continuous fermentation is not less than 7.5 g/L/h.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said continuous fermentation is continued for not less than 400 hours.8Saccharomyces.. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said polyplid prototrophic yeast belongs to9Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said polyplid prototrophic yeast ...

OVER-EXPRESSION OF NADH-DEPENDENT OXIDOREDUCTASE (FUCO) FOR INCREASING FURFURAL OR 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL TOLERANCE

The subject invention pertains to the discovery that the NADH-dependent propanediol oxidoreductase (FucO) can reduce furfural. This allows for a new approach to improve furfural tolerance in bacterial and/or yeast cells used to produce desired products. Thus, novel biocatalysts (bacterial, fungal or yeast cells) exhibiting increased tolerance to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) are provided as are methods of making and using such biocatalysts for the production of a desired product. 178-. (canceled)79. An isolated bacterial , fungal or yeast cell having increased NADH-dependent propanediol oxidoreductase (FucO) activity as compared to a reference bacterial , fungal or yeast cell , wherein said bacterial , fungal or yeast cell having increased FucO activity reduces furfural and/or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF).80. The isolated bacterial claim 79 , fungal or yeast cell of claim 79 , wherein said bacterial claim 79 , fungal or yeast cell produces a desired product claim 79 , or is genetically engineered to produce a desired product claim 79 , selected from the group consisting of ethanol claim 79 , lactic acid claim 79 , succinic acid claim 79 , malic acid claim 79 , acetic acid claim 79 , 1 claim 79 ,3-propanediol claim 79 , 2 claim 79 ,3-propanediol claim 79 , 1 claim 79 ,4-butanediol claim 79 , 2 claim 79 ,3-butanediol claim 79 , butanol claim 79 , pyruvate claim 79 , dicarboxylic acids claim 79 , adipic acid and amino acids.81. The isolated bacterial claim 79 , fungal or yeast cell of claim 79 , wherein said bacterial claim 79 , fungal or yeast cell exhibits increased production of said desired product as compared to a reference bacterial claim 79 , fungal or yeast cell in the presence of furfural and/or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF).82. The isolated bacterial cell of claim 79 , wherein:a) expression of the yqhD gene is reduced in said bacterial cell as compared to a reference bacterial cell;b) expression of the dkgA gene is reduced in said ...

MUTANT STRAIN OF LACTIC ACID PRODUCING YEAST AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LACTIC ACID

A lactic acid-producing yeast mutant which is a mutant of a yeast prepared by introduction of a lactate dehydrogenase gene that results in lactic acid-producing ability, the mutant having, in a medium at pH 3, a lactic acid-producing ability equivalent to or higher than the lactic acid-producing ability of a parent strain of the mutant at a lactic acid fermentation optimum pH. 1. A lactic acid-producing yeast mutant which is a mutant of a yeast prepared by introduction of a lactate dehydrogenase gene that results in lactic acid-producing ability , said mutant having , in a medium at pH 3 , a lactic acid-producing ability equivalent to or higher than the lactic acid-producing ability of a parent strain of said mutant at a lactic acid fermentation optimum pH.2. The lactic acid-producing yeast mutant according to claim 1 , wherein said lactate dehydrogenase gene is a gene encoding D-lactate dehydrogenase or a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase.3Limulus polyphemus.. The lactic acid-producing yeast mutant according to claim 1 , wherein said lactate dehydrogenase gene is a gene encoding D-lactate dehydrogenase derived from4Xenopus laevis.. The lactic acid-producing yeast mutant according to claim 1 , wherein said lactate dehydrogenase gene is a gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase derived from5Saccharomyces.. The lactic acid-producing yeast mutant according to claim 1 , wherein said yeast belongs to the genus6Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The lactic acid-producing yeast mutant according to claim 1 , wherein said yeast is7. The lactic acid-producing yeast mutant according to claim 1 , which is a yeast deposited under accession No. NITE BP-1087 claim 1 , NITE BP-1088 claim 1 , NITE BP-1089 claim 1 , NITE BP-1189 or NITE BP-1190.8. A method of producing lactic acid comprising culturing the lactic acid-producing yeast mutant according to .9. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising maintaining the culture liquid of said lactic acid-producing yeast mutant at a pH ...

Novel Microbial Biocatalysts That Enables Use Of Cellodextrin As Biofuel

The present disclosure provides genetically engineered biocatalysts which enable intracellular assimilation of cellodextrin. The genetically engineered biocatalyst co-expresses a cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) gene and a cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) gene. Further, the genetically engineered biocatalyst includes a first synthetic promoter used to express the cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) gene and a second synthetic promoter used to express the cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) gene. Furthermore, the genetically engineered biocatalyst expresses one or more cellodextrin permeases. The intracellular assimilation includes hydrolysis and phosphorolysis mechanism. Further provided are methods of using the genetically engineered biocatalysts to generate various useful end-products including alcohol and lactic acid. 1. A genetically engineered biocatalyst that enables an intracellular assimilation of cellodextrin , wherein the genetically engineered biocatalyst comprises:{'i': 'C. thermocellum', 'a cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) gene expression of a corresponding gene from ; and'}{'i': 'S. degradans.', 'a cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) gene expression of a corresponding gene from'}2C. thermocellumS. degradans.. The genetically engineered biocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the intracellular assimilation comprises a phosphorolysis mechanism claim 1 , the phosphorolysis mechanism being inherent to a CepB gene encoded cellodextrin phosphorylase of a and a Cep94A gene encoded cellobiose phosphorylase from a3. The genetically engineered biocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the intracellular assimilation comprises a hydrolysis mechanism claim 1 , the hydrolysis mechanism being inherent to a beta-glucosidases.4. The genetically engineered biocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the intracellular assimilation evades a carbon catabolite repression.5. The genetically engineered biocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the genetically engineered biocatalyst produces one or more fermentation end- ...

Processes for producing cellulose pulp, sugars, and co-products from lignocellulosic biomass

The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars.

YEAST HAVING IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND METHOD OF PRODUCING PRODUCT

A recombinant yeast cell capable of consuming glucose at an increased rate, and a method of efficiently producing glycolysis-derived products using the recombinant yeast cell. 1. A recombinant yeast cell having increased activity of at least one of GCR1 and GCR2 , wherein the recombinant yeast cell comprises a genetic modification that increases activity of at least one of GCR1 and GCR2 , in comparison with a yeast cell of the same type that does not comprise the genetic modification that increases activity of at least one of GCR1 and GCR2.2. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell is capable of consuming glucose at an increased glucose consumption rate in comparison with a yeast cell of the same type that does not comprise the genetic modification that increases activity of at least one of GCR1 and GCR2.3. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell has an increased productivity of a glycolysis intermediate or glycolysis intermediate-derived material in comparison with a yeast cell of the same type that does not comprise the genetic modification that increases activity of at least one of GCR1 and GCR2.4. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 3 , wherein the glycolysis intermediate comprises dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) claim 3 , glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) claim 3 , or pyruvate claim 3 , and wherein the glycolysis intermediates-derived material comprises glyceol-3-phosphate (G3P) claim 3 , glycerol claim 3 , acetyl-CoA claim 3 , ethanol claim 3 , acetic acid claim 3 , lactate claim 3 , citric acid claim 3 , itaconic acid claim 3 , isocitric acid claim 3 , oxalosuccinic acid claim 3 , α-ketoglutaric acid claim 3 , succinic acid claim 3 , succinyl-CoA claim 3 , fumaric acid claim 3 , maleic acid claim 3 , oxaloacetic acid claim 3 , 1 claim 3 ,3-butanediol (1 claim 3 ,3-BDO) claim 3 , 1 claim 3 ,4-butanediol (1 claim 3 ,4-BDO) claim 3 , butanol claim 3 , isobutanol claim 3 , or a combination thereof.5. The recombinant ...

Lactic acid-producing bacillus coagulans strain and use thereof

Disclosed herein are Bacillus coagulans strain RBE4-4, which is deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) under accession number CCTCC M 2018310, and a method for producing lactic acid using such strain. The method comprises subjecting a fermentable sugar-containing substrate to a fermentation process with Bacillus coagulans strain RBE4-4.

GLUCOAMYLASE VARIANTS AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES ENCODING SAME

The present invention relates to glucoamylase variants having improved thermostability. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants. 1. A glucoamylase variant , comprising a substitution or deletion at one or more positions corresponding to positions 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 1 1 , 12 , 18 , 26 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 65 , 72 , 74 , 79 , 80 , 103 , 105 , 1 12 , 161 , 172 , 218 , 220 , 221 , 245 , 253 , 255 , 279 , 325 , 327 , 359 , 364 , 370 , 375 , 377 , 405 , 445 , 447 , 460 , 463 , 465 , 468 , 477 , 501 , 502 , 504 , 516 , 524 , 526 , 563 , 564 , 568 , 571 of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 , wherein the variant has glucoamylase activity and at least 70 percent sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3.2. The variant of claim 1 , comprising a substitution or deletion in at least one position selected from position 65 claim 1 , 327 claim 1 , 501 claim 1 , 504 of SEQ ID NO: 3.3. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises or consists of one or more substitutions selected from the group consisting of T65A claim 1 , Q327F claim 1 , E501V claim 1 , Y504T claim 1 , Y504*.4. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises at least one of the following substitutions or combinations of substitutions:T65A; orQ327F; orE501V; orY504T; orY504*; orT65A+Q327F; orT65A+E501V; orT65A+Y504T; orT65A+Y504*; orQ327F+E501V; orQ327F+Y504T; orQ327F+Y504*; orE501V+Y504T; orE501V+Y504*; orT65A+Q327F+E501V; orT65A+Q327F+Y504T; orT65A+E501V+Y504T; orQ327F+E501V+Y504T; orT65A+Q327F+Y504*; orT65A+E501V+Y504*; orQ327F+E501V+Y504*; orT65A+Q327F+E501V+Y504T; orT65A+Q327F+E501V+Y504*.5. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises at least one of the following combinations of substitutions:E501V+Y504T;T65A+K161S;T65A+Q405T;T65A+Q327W;T65A+Q327F;T65A+Q327Y;P11F+T65A+Q327F;R1K+D3W+K5Q+G7V+N8S+T10K+P11S+T65A+ ...

Recombinant yeast cells producing polylactic acid and uses thereof

The present invention relates to a recombinant yeast cell comprising a gene encoding a protein exhibiting lactyl-CoA synthase activity and a gene encoding a protein exhibiting lactyl-CoA polymerase activity, said recombinant cell having the ability of producing polylactic acid (PLA), and the uses thereof.

METABOLIC TRANSISTOR IN BACTERIA

The disclosure relates to a metabolic transistor in microbes such as bacteria and yeast where a competitive pathway is introduced to compete with a product pathway for available carbon so as to control the carbon flux in the microbe. 1) A method of increasing the production of a product in a microbe , said method comprising:a) providing a microbe having a product pathway producing a product, wherein a competitive pathway competes with said product pathway for available carbon, said competitive pathway requiring a cofactor that is not rate limiting and not used in said product pathway;b) adding one or more diverting gene(s) under the control of a promoter to said microbe to directly or indirectly divert said cofactor away from said competitive pathway; and,c) allowing expression of said diverting gene(s) and reducing levels of said cofactor, and thus reducing levels of said competitive pathway;d) thereby increasing said product pathway and said product.4) The method of claim 1 , wherein said promoter is a constitutive promoter.5) The method of claim 1 , wherein said promoter is an inducible promoter.6) A method of controlling aerobic respiration in a microbe in the presence of O claim 1 , said method comprising:a) adding a diverting gene(s) to a microbe to divert substrates away from ubiquinone or thiamine or heme production, wherein said diverting gene(s) is under the control of a promoter; and,{'sub': '2', 'b) inducing said promoter, thereby allowing expression of said diverting gene(s), thus reducing ubiquinone levels and reducing aerobic respiration in the presence of 0.'}7) The method of claim 6 , wherein said diverting gene(s) includes the lycopene synthesis pathway.8) The method of claim 6 , wherein said diverting gene(s) include crtE claim 6 , crtB and crtI.9) The method of claim 6 , wherein said diverting gene encodes geranyl diphosphate:4-hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase.10) The method of claim 6 , wherein said diverting gene is lePGT-1.11) The method of ...

Methods for producing end-products from carbon substrates

The present invention provides means for the production of desired end-products of in vitro and/or in vivo bioconversion of biomass-based feed stock substrates, including but not limited to such materials as starch and cellulose. In particularly preferred embodiments, the methods of the present invention do not require gelatinization and/or liquefaction of the substrate.

METHOD OF PRODUCING CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE

A method of producing a chemical product by continuous fermentation includes filtering a culture liquid of a microorganism(s) through a separation membrane; retaining unfiltered liquid in, or refluxing unfiltered liquid to, the culture liquid; adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture liquid; and recovering a product in the filtrate, wherein the fermentation feedstock contains pentose and hexose, and wherein the microorganism(s) has/have a pathway in which pentose isomerase is used to metabolize pentose. 1. A method of producing a chemical product by continuous fermentation comprising:filtering a culture liquid of a microorganism(s) through a separation membrane;retaining unfiltered liquid in, or refluxing unfiltered liquid to, the culture liquid;adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture liquid; andrecovering a product in the filtrate, wherein said fermentation feedstock comprises pentose and hexose, and wherein said microorganism(s) has/have a pathway in which pentose isomerase is used to metabolize pentose.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising performing continuous fermentation under conditions where an oxygen transfer coefficient (Kla) is not more than 150 h.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio between the hexose and the pentose contained in said fermentation feedstock is 1:9 to 9:1.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said fermentation feedstock comprises a biomass-derived sugar liquid.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said pentose isomerase is xylose isomerase.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said pentose is xylose.7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a weight ratio between the hexose and the pentose contained in said fermentation feedstock is 1:9 to 9:1.8. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said fermentation feedstock comprises a biomass-derived sugar liquid.9. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said pentose isomerase is xylose isomerase.10. The method according to ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LACTIC ACID

Provided is a method for producing lactic acid by use of a filamentous fungus, in which the productivity of lactic acid can be maintained at high level even when lactic acid is produced continuously. 1. A method for producing lactic acid , the method comprising a first fermentation step of carrying out fermentation by use of one or more fungus cells selected from the group consisting of pellet-form filamentous fungus cells and immobilized filamentous fungus cells in a liquid culture medium having a phosphate ion concentration of less than 0.007% by mass and containing a carbon source , to thereby produce lactic acid.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphate ion concentration of the liquid culture medium employed in the first fermentation step is from 0 to 0.006% by mass.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphate ion concentration of the liquid culture medium employed in the first fermentation step is from 0 to 0.005% by mass.4. The method for producing lactic acid according to claim 1 , which comprises a second fermentation step of carrying out fermentation by use of the cells employed in the first fermentation step in a liquid culture medium having a phosphate ion concentration of from 0.007% by mass to 1% by mass and containing a carbon source claim 1 , the second fermentation step being carried out at the time when the percent maintenance of lactic acid production rate becomes from 50 to 95% in the first fermentation step.5. The method for producing lactic acid according to claim 4 , wherein the percent maintenance of lactic acid production rate is from 60 to 90%.6. The method for producing lactic acid according to claim 4 , wherein the percent maintenance of lactic acid production rate is determined by use of the following formula (i):{'br': None, 'i': T', 'Vt', 'Vi, '[%]=[g/L/h]/[g/L/h]×100\u2003\u2003(i)'}[wherein T represents the percent maintenance of lactic acid production rate [%]; Vt represents lactic acid production rate ...

Method for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

The present invention relates to methods for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose using whole cell cultures. The cellulase-producing microbes (e.g. fungus) may be cultivated at a lower temperature (e.g. about 30° C.) to produce extracellular cellulase enzymes followed by raising the temperature to a higher level (e.g. about 50° C.) to deactivate the cells and to promote the cellulose hydrolysis by extracellular cellulases resulting in continuous hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose without the risk of glucose being consumed by the deactivated cells.

D-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Engineered Strain Containing D-Lactate Dehydrogenase and Construction Method and Use of Engineered Strain

The present invention provides D-lactate dehydrogenase, an engineered strain containing the D-lactate dehydrogenase and a construction method and use of the engineered strain. The present invention discloses a D-lactate dehydrogenase which has unique properties and is from Thermodesulfatator indicus, and the D-lactate dehydrogenase has good thermophily and heat stability. By using the D-lactate dehydrogenase and said gene engineering reconstruction method, a fermentation product of the reconstructed Bacillus licheniformis can be redirected to optically-pure D-lactic acid with a high yield from naturally produced 2,3-butanediol, and the optical purity of the produced D-lactic acid reaches 99.9%; and raw materials for fermentation are low-cost, and a fermentation state is between an anaerobic fermentation state and a microaerobic fermentation state. By using the inventive method for producing D-lactic acid through fermentation at high temperature, the production cost can be reduced, the production efficiency can be improved and there is a wide industrial application prospect for the inventive method.

ARRAY FOR PROCESSING MATERIALS

Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults. 1. A treatment operating unit , comprising:a plurality of enclosure systems, each enclosure system including one or more vaults, andwithin each vault, an irradiation device and a treatment conveyor.2. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure systems are arranged in rows.3. The operating unit of claim 2 , wherein the rows extend in a first direction claim 2 , and wherein each enclosure system comprises two or more vaults extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction.4. The operating unit of claim 3 , wherein the first and second vaults of each enclosure share a common wall.5. The operating unit of claim 4 , wherein each first vault is configured to accept untreated biomass from a storage facility claim 4 , and wherein the biomass material is treated in each vault utilizing the irradiation device and the treatment conveyor.6. The operating unit of claim 5 , wherein the first vault of each enclosure system further encloses equipment configured to transfer treated biomass from the first vault to the second vault of the enclosure system.7. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation device comprises an electron accelerator.8. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the treatment conveyor comprises a vibratory conveyor.9. A method for producing treated materials claim 1 , the method comprising;partitioning a material into a plurality of material portions,conveying the material portions into a plurality of first vaults, each first vault accepting one of the material portions,treating the material portions in the vaults,conveying the material portions out of the ...

Xylose isomerases and their uses

This disclosure relates to novel xylose isomerases and their uses, particularly in fermentation processes that employ xylose-containing media.

CLEANING COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING FERMENTED FRUIT SOLUTIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Described herein are cleaning compositions comprising fermented fruit solutions and builders, methods for making the same, and methods for using the same. The fermented fruit solutions can contain fruit, sugar and water. The builder can be selected from the group consisting of a non-phosphate builder, such as sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate, boric acid and mixtures thereof. The cleaning compositions can be used to clean articles, launder articles, clean stains from articles, and clean surfaces. 195-. (canceled)96. A method for cleaning an article , comprising:cleaning the article with a cleaning composition comprising:(a) a fermented fruit solution having a total acid content of greater than or equal to 3.0%, prepared by fermenting with lactic acid bacteria a pre-fermented fruit solution comprising: (i) about 2 to about 20 weight percent of a sugar based on the total weight of the pre-fermented fruit solution, (ii) about 20 to about 50 weight percent of a fruit puree based on the total weight of the pre-fermented fruit solution, wherein the fruit is more than 90% pineapple, and (iii) about 30 to about 75 weight percent of a water based on the total weight of the pre-fermented fruit solution, and(b) an amount of about 2 to about 30 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, boric acid, or a mixture thereof.97. The method of claim 96 , wherein the total weight percent of sodium citrate claim 96 , sodium bicarbonate claim 96 , and boric acid claim 96 , or a mixture thereof is about 15 to about 27.5 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition.98. The method of claim 96 , wherein the cleaning composition comprises sodium citrate in an amount of about 10 to about 25 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition.99. The method of claim 96 , wherein the cleaning composition comprises a surfactant.100. The method of claim 99 , wherein the surfactant is selected from the group ...

MICROORGANISMS AND PROCESSES FOR LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION

Improved yeast strains and fermentation process for producing D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid are disclosed. The improvement lead to higher titer, higher yield, shorter time, lower pH, and higher average specific productivity. 1. A yeast strain genetically engineered to produce lactic acid comprising a chromosomally integrated gene that encodes an exogenous lactate dehydrogenase , wherein said yeast strain produces lactic acid in a fermentation production medium with an average specific productivity of at least 1.875 g/L-hr , and wherein said fermentation production medium has a final pH that is lower than 3.86.2. A yeast strain of claim 1 , wherein said yeast strain produces lactic acid in a fermentation production medium with an average specific productivity of at least 3.00 g/L-hr.3. A yeast strain of claim 1 , wherein said yeast strain produces lactic acid in a fermentation production medium with an average specific productivity of at least 3.00 g/L-hr and a final pyruvic acid titer of less than 1 g/L.4Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Issatchenkia, Pichia, Torulopsis, Candida, Hansenula, Zygosaccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, YarrowiaLachancea.. The yeast strain of claim 1 , wherein said yeast strain is selected from a group consisting of the genera and5SaccharomycesKluyveromyces.. The yeast strain of claim 1 , wherein said yeast strain is selected from a group consisting of the genera and6. The yeast strain of claim 1 , wherein said gene that encodes an exogenous lactate dehydrogenase is integrated at least at one chromosomal locus selected from a group consisting of a pyruvate decarboxylase gene or a homolog or analog thereof claim 1 , a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinse gene or a homolog or analog thereof claim 1 , a glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase gene or a homolog or analog thereof claim 1 , and a NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene or a homolog or analog thereof.7. The yeast strain of claim 1 , wherein said gene that encodes an exogenous lactate dehydrogenase is ...

CELLS AND METHOD OF CELL CULTURE

The invention relates to a method of cell culture where the cells are modified to reduce the level of synthesis of growth and/or productivity inhibitors by the cell. The invention also relates to a method of cell culture for improving cell growth and productivity, in particular in fed-batch culture of mammalian cells at high cell density. The invention further relates to a method of producing cells with improved cell growth and/or productivity in cell culture and to cells obtained or obtainable by such methods. 186-. (canceled)87. A cell comprising one or more modified genes which reduces the level of synthesis of growth and/or productivity inhibitors by the cell , wherein the one or more modified gene(s) are selected fromPah, PCBD1, Hpd, and Hgd, wherein the modification increases gene expression.88. (canceled)89. The cell according to claim 87 , wherein the cell comprises:(ii) an expressible nucleic acid or vector construct comprising a PCDB1 gene,(iii) an expressible nucleic acid or vector construct comprising a Pah gene,(iv) an expressible nucleic acid or vector construct comprising a Pah gene and PCDB1 gene,or(vi) an expressible nucleic acid or vector construct of (ii) to (iv) further comprising a HPD gene and/or a HGD gene.9091-. (canceled)92. The cell of claim 87 , wherein the cell is a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell.93. The cell of claim 87 , wherein the cell is a human embryonic kidney cell (HEK). The invention relates to a method of cell culture where the cells are modified to reduce the level of synthesis of growth and/or productivity inhibitors by the cell. The invention also relates to a method of cell culture for improving cell growth and productivity, in particular in fed-batch culture of mammalian cells at high cell density. The invention further relates to a method of producing cells with improved cell growth and/or productivity in cell culture and to cells obtained or obtainable by such methods.Proteins have become increasingly important as ...

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED AND ACID-RESISTANT YEAST CELL WITH ENHANCED ACTIVITY OF RADIATION SENSITIVITY COMPLEMENTING KINASE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING LACTATE BY USING THE YEAST CELL

Provided is an acid-resistant yeast cell that is genetically engineered to enhance activity of a radiation sensitivity complementing kinase, and a method of producing lactate by using the yeast cell. 1. A recombinant acid-resistant yeast cell comprising increased radiation sensitivity complementing kinase (RCK) activity as compared to the RCK activity of a parent cell of the recombinant yeast cell , wherein the yeast cell comprises a genetic modification that increases the RCK activity.2. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase is classified under EC 2.7.11.1.3. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase is RCK1 or RCK2.4. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.5. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising an increased expression level of a polynucleotide encoding the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase as compared to a parent cell of the recombinant yeast cell.6. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising an exogenous polynucleotide encoding the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase.7. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising an increased copy number of a gene encoding the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase in comparison to a parent cell of the recombinant yeast cell claim 1 , or comprising a modification of an expression regulatory sequence of a gene encoding the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase claim 1 , which causes the increased activity of a radiation sensitivity complementing kinase.8. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising an increased copy number of a gene encoding the radiation sensitivity complementing kinase in comparison to a parent cell of the recombinant yeast cell claim 7 , wherein the increased copy number is due to the presence of an exogenous gene encoding the ...

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED AND ACID-RESISTANT YEAST CELL WITH ENHANCED ERG5 ACTIVITY AND METHOD OF PRODUCING LACTATE BY USING THE YEAST CELL

Provided is a recombinant acid resistance yeast cell that is genetically engineered to increase ERG5 activity and a method of producing lactate by using the yeast cell. 1. A recombinant acid-resistant yeast cell comprising increased ERG5 activity compared to ERG5 activity of a parent cell thereof , wherein the yeast cell comprises a genetic modification that increases activity of the ERG5.2. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising increased expression of a polynucleotide encoding an ERG5 polypeptide claim 1 , compared to ERG5 expression in the parent cell.3. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising an exogenous polynucleotide encoding ERG5.4. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising an increased copy number of a gene encoding ERG5 or a modification of an expression regulatory sequence of the gene encoding ERG5 as compared to a parent cell thereof claim 1 , thereby increasing ERG5 activity in the recombinant yeast cell compared to the parent cell.5. The recombinant yeast cell of comprising an exogenous gene encoding ERG5 or amplification of an endogenous gene encoding ERG5 claim 4 , thereby increasing the copy number of a gene encoding ERG5 in the recombinant yeast cell.6. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the increased activity of ERG5 is caused by mutation of the gene encoding ERG5.7. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein ERG5 has about 60% or more sequence identity with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.8. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide encoding ERG5 has about 95% or more sequence identity with a polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.9SaccharomycesKluyveromycesCandidaPichiaIssatchenkiaDebaryomycesZygosaccharomycesShizosaccharomycesSaccharomycopsis. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast cell is selected from the group consisting of the genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , and ...

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED AND STRESS RESISTANT YEAST CELL WITH ENHANCED MSN2 ACTIVITY AND METHOD OF PRODUCING LACTATE USING THE SAME

Provided is a yeast cell having a stress tolerance, wherein the yeast cell has enhanced MSN2 activity, a method of producing the yeast cell, and a method of producing lactate by using the same. 1. A yeast cell having a genetic modification that enhances MSN2 activity in comparison with a parent cell , the yeast cell having an acid resistance or a tolerance to osmotic pressure.2. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein MSN2 has 95% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1.3. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell has a modification of an expression regulatory sequence of a gene encoding MSN2.4. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell has an increased copy number of a gene encoding MSN2.5. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell is tolerant to an acid of about pH 2 to about pH 6.5.6. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell has a decreased amount of hexadecenoic acid in comparison with the parent cell.7. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell has an increased amount of glycerol or trehalose in comparison with the parent cell.8. The yeast cell of claim 7 , wherein a gene encoding a polypeptide converting dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP) to glycerol-3-phosphate is deleted or disrupted in the yeast cell.9. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell produces lactate.10. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide that converts pyruvate to lactate.11. The yeast cell of claim 8 , wherein the polypeptide that converts pyruvate to lactate comprises an amino acid sequence having a 95% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3.12. The yeast cell of claim 9 , wherein a gene encoding a polypeptide that converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde claim 9 , a polypeptide that converts lactate to pyruvate claim 9 , a polypeptide that converts DHAP to glycerol-3-phosphate claim 9 , a polypeptide that converts acetaldehyde to ethanol claim 9 , aldehyde dehydrogenase claim ...

YEAST CELL WITH INACTIVATED NADH DEHYDROGENASE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING LACTATE USING THE YEAST CELL

Provided are a yeast cell in which the activity of an external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is decreased and a method of producing lactate by using the yeast cell. 1. A genetically engineered yeast cell in which the activity of a protein having a sequence identity of about 95% or more to an external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is decreased compared to a parent cell of the genetically engineered yeast cell , wherein the yeast produces lactate.2Saccharomyces. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell is a genus yeast cell.3. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase belongs to EC.1.6.5.9 or EC.1.6.5.3.4. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is NDE1 claim 1 , NDE2 claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 4 , wherein the external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase has a sequence identity of about 95% or more to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.6. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein a gene encoding the external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is inactivated or deleted in the genetically engineered yeast cell.7. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 6 , wherein the gene encoding the external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is a gene encoding an amino sequence having a sequence identity of about 95% or more to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.8. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 6 , wherein the gene encoding the external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase has a sequence identity of about 95% or more to a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 4.9. The genetically engineered yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the activity of a protein having a sequence identity of about 95% or more to an external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is decreased due to a substitution or addition mutation claim 1 , or ...

Method of producing chemical substance

A method of producing a chemical product by continuous fermentation includes filtering a culture liquid of a microorganism(s) through a separation membrane; retaining unfiltered liquid in, or refluxing unfiltered liquid to, the culture liquid; adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture liquid; and recovering a product in the filtrate, wherein the fermentation feedstock contains pentose and hexose, and wherein the microorganism(s) is/are a microorganism(s) having a pathway in which pentose reductase and pentol dehydrogenase are used to metabolize pentose.

NOVEL EXTREME THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS CALDICELLULOSIRUPTOR

A method for converting lignocellulosic biomass material to a carboxylic acid comprising the step of contacting the lignocellulosic biomass material with a microbial culture for a period of time at an initial temperature and an initial pH, thereby producing an amount of a carboxylic acid; wherein the microbial culture comprises an extremely thermophilic bacteria strain selected from the group consisting of sp. DIB041C, sp. DIB087C, sp. DIB103C, sp. DIB104C, sp. DIB107C, sp. DIB101C, and sp. DIB004C, and wherein the lignocellulosic biomass material is converted in a single step process as part of a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) system. 1CaldicellulosiruptorCaldicellulosiruptor, Caldicellulosiruptor, Caldicellulosiruptor, Caldicellulosiruptor, Caldicellulosiruptor, CaldicellulosiruptorCaldicellulosiruptor. A method for converting lignocellulosic biomass material to a carboxylic acid comprising the step of contacting the lignocellulosic biomass material with a microbial culture for a period of time at an initial temperature and an initial pH , thereby producing an amount of a carboxylic acid; wherein the microbial culture comprises an extremely thermophilic bacteria strain of the genus , wherein the strain is selected from the group consisting of sp. DIB041C , deposited as DSM 25771sp. DIB087C , deposited as DSM 25772sp. DIB103C , deposited as DSM 25773sp. DIB104C , deposited as DSM 25774sp. DIB107C , deposited as DSM 25775sp. DIB101C , deposited as DSM 25178 and sp. DIB004C , deposited as DSM 25177 , and wherein the lignocellulosic biomass material is converted in a single step process as part of a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) system.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the period of time is 10 hours to 300 hours.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the period of time is 50 hours to 200 hours claim 1 , 80 hours to 160 hours.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the initial temperature is in the range between 55° C. and 80° C. claim 1 , ...

MAGNESIUM LACTATE FERMENTATION PROCESS

A fermentation process for producing magnesium lactate from a carbon source including the steps of: providing a fermentation medium including a fermentable carbon source in a fermentation reactor; fermenting the fermentation medium by a lactic acid producing microorganism in the presence of an alkaline magnesium salt to provide a fermentation broth including magnesium lactate; and recovering solid magnesium lactate from the magnesium lactate containing fermentation broth, wherein during at least 40% of the operating time of the fermentation process, the concentration of solid magnesium lactate in the fermentation broth is maintained in the range of 5-40 vol. %, calculated as solid magnesium lactate crystals on the total of the fermentation broth. The process allows stable operation at high productivity, in combination with efficient product separation. 1. Fermentation process for producing magnesium lactate from a carbon source comprising the steps ofproviding a fermentation medium comprising a fermentable carbon source in a fermentation reactor,fermenting the fermentation medium by means of a lactic acid producing microorganism in the presence of an alkaline magnesium salt to provide a fermentation broth comprising magnesium lactate, andrecovering solid magnesium lactate from the magnesium lactate containing fermentation broth,wherein during at least 40% of the operating time of the fermentation process, the concentration of solid magnesium lactate in the fermentation broth is maintained in the range of 5-40 vol. %, calculated as solid magnesium lactate crystals on the total of the fermentation broth.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of solid magnesium lactate in the fermentation broth is in the range of 5-35 vol. % during the stipulated part of the operating time.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of solid magnesium lactate in the fermentation broth is in the range of 15-40 vol. % during the stipulated part of the ...

TRANSFORMED CELLS THAT FERMENT PENTOSE SUGARS AND METHODS OF THEIR USE

The present invention relates to host cells transformed with a nucleic acid sequence encoding a eukaryotic xylose isomerase obtainable from an anaerobic fungus. When expressed, the sequence encoding the xylose isomerase confers to the host cell the ability to convert xylose to xylulose which may be further metabolized by the host cell. Thus, the host cell is capable of growth on xylose as carbon source. The host cell preferably is a eukaryotic microorganism such as a yeast or a filamentous fungus. The invention further relates to processes for the production of fermentation products such as ethanol, in which a host cell of the invention uses xylose for growth and for the production of the fermentation product. The invention further relates to nucleic acid sequences encoding eukaryotic xylose isomerases and xylulose kinases as obtainable from anaerobic fungi. 1. A eukaryotic host cell transformed with a nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a xylose isomerase (XI) enzyme , wherein , expression of the nucleic acid construct in the host cell confers on the host cell the ability to isomerize xylose to xylulose.2. The transformed host cell according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence is selected from the group consisting of:(a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that has at least 40% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;(b) a nucleotide sequence that has at least 40% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2;(c) a nucleotide sequence the complementary strand of which hybridizes to the nucleic acid sequence of (a) or (b); and(d) a nucleotide sequence which differs from the sequence of (c) due to degeneracy of the genetic code.3. The transformed host cell according to claim 2 , wherein the host cell is a yeast cell.4Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Candida, Pichia, Schizosaccharomyces, Hansenula, Kloeckera, Schwanniomyces,Yarrowia.. A transformed host ...

ACID-TOLERANT YEAST CELL, METHOD OF PRODUCING ORGANIC ACID USING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE YEAST CELL

Provided is an acid-tolerant yeast cell, a method of producing an organic acid by using the yeast cell, and a method of producing the yeast cell resistant to acid. 1. An acid-tolerant genetically engineered yeast cell comprisinga genetic modification that increases activity of an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and ceramide to inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) and diacylglycerol (DG);a genetic modification that increases activity of an enzyme, which catalyzes introduction of a double bond to a fatty acyl site of a fatty acyl-CoA;a genetic modification that decreases activity of an enzyme, which catalyzes formation of triacylglycerol (TG) from diacylglycerol (DG) ora combination of the genetic modifications.2. The yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme claim 1 , which catalyzes formation of IPC is an IPC synthase; the enzyme that catalyzes introduction of a double bond to a fatty acyl site of a fatty acyl-CoA is an enzyme that belongs to enzyme code (EC) 1.14.19.1; and the enzyme that catalyzes formation of TG from DG is selected from the group consisting of enzymes that belong to EC 2.3.1.22 and 2.3.1.158.3. The yeast cell of claim 2 , wherein the IPC synthase is AUR1; the enzyme claim 2 , which catalyzes introduction of a double bond to a fatty acyl site of a fatty acyl-CoA is OLE1; and the enzyme claim 2 , which catalyzes formation of triacylglycerol (TG) from diacylglycerol (DG) is DGA1 or LRO1.4. The yeast cell of claim 3 , wherein the AUR1 is a polypeptide having at least 95% of sequence identity with amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 claim 3 , OLE1 is a polypeptide each having at least 95% of sequence identity with amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:5 claim 3 , DGA1 is a polypeptide having at least 95% of sequence identity with amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 claim 3 , and LRO1 is a polypeptide having at least 95% of sequence identity with amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.5. The yeast cell of claim 1 , ...

RECOMBINANT ACID-RESISTANT YEAST WITH INHIBITED LACTATE METABOLISM AND ALCOHOL PRODUCTION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING LACTIC ACID USING THE SAME

Disclosed is a method of producing lactic acid using a recombinant acid-resistant yeast with inhibited lactate metabolism and alcohol production. More specifically, disclosed are a recombinant acid-resistant yeast in which lactate consumption reaction is reduced and which is imparted with lactic-acid-producing ability to thereby exhibit improved lactic-acid-producing ability and reduced ethanol production, and a method of producing lactic acid using the same. 1. A recombinant strain having lactic-acid-producing ability , in which a gene encoding an enzyme converting lactate to pyruvate is deleted or attenuated from an acid-resistant yeast YBC strain (KCTC13508BP) , and a gene encoding a lactate dehydrogenase is introduced into the acid-resistant yeast YBC strain.2. The recombinant strain according to claim 1 , wherein the gene encoding an enzyme converting lactate to pyruvate is a g2947 gene.3. The recombinant strain according to claim 2 , wherein the g2947 gene has a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2.4. The recombinant strain according to claim 1 , wherein a gene encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase is further deleted.5. The recombinant strain according to claim 4 , wherein the gene encoding the alcohol dehydrogenase is a g4423 gene.6. The recombinant strain according to claim 4 , wherein a gene encoding a pyruvate decarboxylase is further deleted.7. The recombinant strain according to claim 5 , wherein the gene encoding the pyruvate decarboxylase is a g3002 gene.8. The recombinant strain according to claim 1 , wherein the gene encoding the lactate dehydrogenase is introduced by substitution with the g2947 gene and is regulated by a promoter of the g2947 gene.9. The recombinant strain according to claim 2 , wherein the recombinant strain has increased lactic-acid-producing ability claim 2 , and reduced or removed ethanol-producing ability compared to the YBC strain (KCTC13508BP) as a parent strain due to deletion or attenuation of the g2947 gene.10. ...

PROCESS FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL AND FERMENTATION OF SUGARS

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fermentation product from ligno-cellulosic material, comprising the following steps: 1. A process for the preparation of a sugar product from ligno-cellulosic material , comprising the following:a) optionally pre-treatment of the ligno-cellulosic material;b) optionally washing of the optionally pre-treated ligno-cellulosic material;c) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pre-treated ligno-cellulosic material using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulase and whereby the enzyme composition at least comprises GH61;d) whereby less than 7.5 mg enzyme composition/g glucan (on dry matter and enzyme as protein) or less than 3.0 mg enzyme composition/g feedstock (on dry matter and enzyme as protein) is used; ande) optionally recovery of a sugar product;wherein after the pre-treatment and before and/or during the enzymatic hydrolysis oxygen is added to the ligno-cellulosic material.2. A process for the preparation of a fermentation product from ligno-cellulosic material , comprising the following:a) optionally pre-treatment of the ligno-cellulosic material;b) optionally washing of the optionally pre-treated ligno-cellulosic material;c) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pre-treated ligno-cellulosic material using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulase and whereby the enzyme composition at least comprises GH61;d) whereby less than 7.5 mg enzyme composition/g glucan (on dry matter and enzyme as protein) or less than 3.0 mg enzyme composition/g feedstock (on dry matter and enzyme as protein) is used; ande) fermentation of the hydrolysed ligno-cellulosic material to produce a fermentation product; andf) optionally recovery of a fermentation product;wherein after the pre-treatment and before and/or during the enzymatic hydrolysis oxygen is added to the ligno-cellulosic material.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein during the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING SUGAR, BIOETHANOL OR MICROBIAL METABOLITE FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMAS

The present invention relates to a method for preparing bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The method of the present invention is capable of: minimizing the impurity content of an enzymatic saccharification raw material, by extracting biomass using hot water, before pretreatment, and removing extractable substances such as inorganic salts; suppressing, to the greatest extent, the production of overdecomposition products of sugar, by pretreating the biomass, from which the hot water extractable substances have been removed, in a condition for maximizing xylan yield; preparing fermentable sugar at a low cost, without washing a pretreated solid obtained from subsequent solid-liquid separation, but by only concentrating a sugar solution obtained after enzymatic saccharification, using a separation film; and preparing bioethanol therefrom in high yield. 133.-. (canceled)34. A method for preparing a sugar solution , the method comprising the steps of:modifying a polyamide nanofiltration membrane with sodium hypochlorite and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (step 1); andfiltering an aqueous sugar solution obtained by hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass using the modified polyamide nanofiltration membrane to recover a refined sugar solution from the non-permeate side and remove fermentation inhibitors from the permeate side (step 2).35. The method according to claim 34 , between the step 1) and the step 2) claim 34 , further comprising:filtering the aqueous sugar solution obtained by hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass using a microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane to recover a sugar solution from the permeate side (step 1-1).36. The method according to claim 34 , after the step 2) claim 34 , further comprising:filtering the refined sugar solution using a reverse osmosis membrane to recover a refined sugar solution from the non-permeate side and remove fermentation inhibitors from the permeate side (step 2-1).37. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the step ...

Processing materials

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

SYNGAS FERMENTATION PROCESS AND MEDIUM

A process for fermenting syngas and a fermentation medium provides high ethanol productivity while removing medium components that were previously thought to be essential. The process is effective for providing a specific STY of at least about 1 g ethanol/(L-day-gram cells). In this aspect, the fermentation medium has a weight ratio of NH to B of about 625:1 or more, or a weight ratio of NH4+ to Mn of about 4050:1 or more, or a weight ratio of NH/ to Mo of about 2500:I or more, or a ratio of NH4+ to Cu of about 4050:I or more; or the fermentation medium has a weight ratio of P to B of about 30:1 or more, or a weight ratio of P to Mn of about 190:1 or more, or a weight ratio of P to Mo of about 120:1 or more, or a weight ratio of Mn to Cu of about 190:1 or more; or the fermentation medium has a weight ratio of K to B of about 35:1 or more, or a weight ratio of K to Mn of about 245:1 or more, or a weight ratio of K to Mo of about 150:1 or more, or a weight ratio of K to Cu of about 245:1 or more. 17-. (canceled)8. A fermentation process comprising fermenting syngas in a fermentation medium , the process effective for providing a specific STY of at least about 1 gram of ethanol/(L-day·gram cells) , wherein the fermentation medium has a weight ratio of NHto B of about 625:1 or more , or a weight ratio of NHto Mn of about 4050:1 or more , or a weight ratio of NHto Mo of about 2500:1 or more , or a ratio of NHto Cu of about 4050:1 or more; orwherein the fermentation medium has a weight ratio of P to B of about 30:1 or more, or a weight ratio of P to Mn of about 190:1 or more, or a weight ratio of P to Mo of about 120:1 or more, or a weight ratio of Mn to Cu of about 190:1 or more; orwherein the fermentation medium has a weight ratio of K to B of about 35:1 or more, or a weight ratio of K to Mn of about 245:1 or more, or a weight ratio of K to Mo of about 150:1 or more, or a weight ratio of K to Cu of about 245:1 or more.9. The fermentation process of wherein the ...

Method of producing chemical substance by continuous fermentation

A method of producing a chemical product by continuous fermentation utilizes a separation membrane under conditions at a pH of not more than 3.5, wherein yeast having vanillin resistance is used to enable efficient production of a chemical product without leaving a large amount of fermentation feedstock unused, is provided.

Processing materials

Materials, such as biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. Conveying systems, such as flowing gas conveying systems and such as closed-loop flowing gas conveying systems are described.

RECOMBINANT ACID-RESISTANT YEAST IN WHICH ALCOHOL PRODUCTION IS INHIBITED AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LACTIC ACID BY USING SAME

The present invention relates to: acid-resistant yeast to which lactic acid productivity is imparted, and in which the conversion of pyruvate into acetaldehyde is inhibited and, consequently, the ethanol production pathway is inhibited; and a method for producing lactic acid by using same. 1. A recombinant strain having lactic acid-producing ability , in which a pyruvate decarboxylase-encoding gene has been deleted or attenuated from an acid-tolerant yeast YBC strain (KCTC13508BP) and a lactate dehydrogenase-encoding gene is introduced into an acid-tolerant yeast YBC strain (KCTC13508BP).2. The recombinant strain of claim 1 , wherein the pyruvate decarboxylase-encoding gene is a g3002 gene.3. The recombinant strain of claim 2 , wherein the g3002 gene has the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2.4. The recombinant strain of claim 1 , wherein an alcohol dehydrogenase-encoding gene is additionally deleted.5. The recombinant strain of claim 4 , wherein the alcohol dehydrogenase-encoding gene is a g4423 gene.6. The recombinant strain of claim 1 , wherein the lactate dehydrogenase-encoding gene is introduced to replace the g3002 gene and is controlled by a promoter of the g3002 gene.7. The recombinant strain of claim 1 , which has reduced ethanol-producing ability compared to the YBC strain (KCTC13508BP) claim 1 , which is a parent strain claim 1 , due to deletion or attenuation of the g3002 gene.8. A method for producing lactic acid claim 1 , the method comprising steps of:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(a) producing lactic acid by culturing the recombinant strain of ; and'}(b) collecting the produced lactic acid.9. A gene which encodes a protein having pyruvate decarboxylase activity and having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4.10. The gene of claim 9 , which has the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2.11. A protein having pyruvate decarboxylase activity and having the amino ...

ENCLOSURES FOR TREATING MATERIALS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in two or more vaults that can share a common wall. 115-. (canceled)16. A biomass treatment facility , comprising:a first conveying system configured to convey a biomass material through a first enclosure while exposing the biomass material to a first dose of ionizing radiation from a first electron accelerator to produce a first treated biomass material; anda second conveying system configured to convey the first treated biomass material through a second enclosure while exposing the first treated biomass material to a second dose of ionizing radiation from a second electron accelerator to produce a second treated biomass material.17. The facility of claim 16 , wherein the first and second enclosure share a common wall.18. The facility of claim 16 , wherein each accelerator operates at a power of between about 100 kW and about 300 kW.19. The facility of claim 16 , wherein walls of both the first and second enclosures are fabricated from discrete interconnecting blocks configured to provide a photo-tight structure. This application is a continuation of PCT/US14/21604 filed Mar. 7, 2014 which claims priority to the following provisional applications: U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,684, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,773, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,731, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,735, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,740, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,744, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,746, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,750, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,752, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,754, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S. Ser. No. 61/774,775, filed Mar. 8, 2013; U.S ...

YEAST CELL WITH ACTIVATED LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING LACTATE USING THE YEAST CELL

A yeast cell comprising LDH from a genus fungi, in which activity of lactate dehydrogenase converting pyruvate into lactate is increased, as well as a method of preparing the yeast cell and a method of using the yeast cell to produce lactate. 1Sordaria. A recombinant yeast cell comprising a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme from genus fungi.2Sordaria. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast exhibits increased activity of converting pyruvate into lactate relative to a parent yeast cell not having LDH enzyme from genus fungi.3SordariaSordaria macrospora, Sordaria fimicola, Sordaria alcina, Sordaria araneosa, Sordaria brevicollis, Sordaria equina, Sordaria heterothallis, Sordaria humana, Sordaria lappae, Sordaria sclerogenia, Sordaria superbaSordaria tomento. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the genus fungi is claim 1 , or -alba.4Sordaria. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme has about 65% or more sequence identity with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.5Sordaria. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the lactate dehydrogenase is encoded by a gene that has a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.6SaccharomycesSaccharomycesKluyveromycesCandidaPichiaIssatchenkiaDebaryomycesZygosaccharomycesSaccharomycopsis. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell belongs to a genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , genus claim 1 , or genus.7Saccharomyces. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 6 , wherein the yeast cell is genus.8. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant yeast cell has a deletion or disruption mutation of a gene encoding a polypeptide that converts pyruvate into acetaldehyde.9. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 8 , wherein the polypeptide that converts pyruvate into acetaldehyde has about 65% or more sequence identity with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ...

CARBOXYLATE ACIDIFICATION

A method for preparing a carboxylic acid by acidification of a liquid feed including a carboxylate salt, which method includes the steps of providing a liquid feed including magnesium carboxylate; providing a gas feed including gaseous hydrogen chloride; and acidifying the carboxylate to carboxylic acid by bringing the liquid feed into contact with the gas feed, thereby forming a liquid effluent including carboxylic acid and magnesium chloride, wherein the gas feed including gaseous hydrogen chloride is derived from a thermal decomposition step wherein an aqueous liquid including magnesium chloride is subjected to a temperature of at least 300° C., thereby decomposing magnesium chloride into magnesium oxide and hydrogen chloride, thus obtaining a solid including magnesium oxide and a gas comprising gaseous hydrogen chloride. 1. A method for preparing a carboxylic acid by acidification of a liquid feed comprising a carboxylate salt , which method comprises the steps ofproviding a liquid feed comprising magnesium carboxylate;providing a gas feed comprising gaseous hydrogen chloride; andacidifying the carboxylate to carboxylic acid by bringing the liquid feed into contact with the gas feed, thereby forming a liquid effluent comprising carboxylic acid and magnesium chloride,{'b': '300', 'wherein the gas feed comprising gaseous hydrogen chloride is derived from a thermal decomposition step wherein an aqueous liquid comprising magnesium chloride is subjected to a temperature of at least ° C., thereby decomposing magnesium chloride into magnesium oxide and hydrogen chloride, thus obtaining a solid comprising magnesium oxide and a gas comprising gaseous hydrogen chloride.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gas feed comprises gaseous hydrogen chloride and gaseous water.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the hydrogen chloride to water weight ratio in the gas feed is between 1:10 and 1:4.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a ...

BIOLOGICAL FERMENTATION USING DIHYDROXYACETONE AS A SOURCE OF CARBON

The present invention relates to the use of hydrocarbons derived from natural gas in the fermentative production of biochemicals including biofuels. More specifically, the present invention provides the method for manufacturing dihydroxyacetone (“DHA”) from natural gas, biogas, biomass and COreleased from industrial plants including electricity-generating plants, steel mills and cement factories and the use of DHA as a source of organic carbon in the fermentative production of biochemicals including biofuels. The present invention comprises three stages. In the first stage of the present invention, syngas and formaldehyde are produced from natural gas, biogas, biomass and COreleased from industrial plants. In the second stage of the present invention, formaldehyde and syngas are condensed to produce DHA. In the third stage of the present invention, biochemicals including biofuels are produced from DHA using fermentation process involving wild type or genetically modified microbial biocatalysts. 1. A microbial biocatalyst useful in producing a biochemical in commercial quantity in a fermentation medium comprising dihydroxyacetone as a major source of carbon and energy.2. The microbial biocatalyst as in claim 1 , wherein said biocatalyst is selected from a group consisting of gram negative bacteria claim 1 , gram positive bacteria claim 1 , algae claim 1 , archaea claim 1 , cyanobacteria claim 1 , yeast and filamentous fungi.3. The microbial biocatalyst as in claim 1 , wherein said biochemical is selected from a group comprising claim 1 , organic acids claim 1 , C2-C3 alcohols claim 1 , C4-C10 alcohols claim 1 , diols claim 1 , isoprenoids claim 1 , terpenoids claim 1 , fatty acids and its derivatives claim 1 , amino acids and its derivatives claim 1 , vitamins claim 1 , sterols claim 1 , antibiotics claim 1 , olefins and flavonoids.4. The microbial biocatalyst as in claim 1 , wherein said fermentation medium is kept in aerobic or microaerobic or anaerobic condition.5 ...

D-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Engineered Strain Containing D-Lactate Dehydrogenase and Construction Method and Use of Engineered Strain

Provided herein is D-lactate dehydrogenase, an engineered strain containing the D-lactate dehydrogenase, and a construction method and use of the engineered strain. The D-lactate dehydrogenase has unique properties and is from , and the D-lactate dehydrogenase has good thermophily and heat stability. By using the D-lactate dehydrogenase and said gene engineering reconstruction method, a fermentation product of the reconstructed can be redirected to optically-pure D-lactic acid with a high yield from naturally produced 2,3-butanediol, and the optical purity of the produced D-lactic acid reaches 99.9%; and raw materials for fermentation are low-cost, and a fermentation state is between an anaerobic fermentation state and a microaerobic fermentation state. By using the method for producing D-lactic acid through fermentation at high temperature, the production cost can be reduced, the production efficiency can be improved and there is a wide industrial application prospect for the method. 1. A D-lactate dehydrogenase , wherein the D-lactate dehydrogenase has one of the following amino acid sequences:1) an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No.1;2) an amino acid sequence derivatively produced from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No.1 through substitution, deletion, insertion or addition of one or more amino acid residues, a protein produced by the amino acid sequence having D-lactate dehydrogenase activity;3) an amino acid sequence produced from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No.1 through conservative replacement; and4) an amino acid sequence having at least 80% of homology with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No.1.2. The D-lactate dehydrogenase according to claim 1 , wherein the substitution claim 1 , deletion claim 1 , insertion or addition of the amino acid residues occurs outside a functional domain comprising enzyme catalytic sites claim 1 , ligand binding sites and NAD binding sites of the D-lactate dehydrogenase.3. The D-lactate dehydrogenase according to claim ...

BATCH FEED PROCESS FOR FERMENTING SUGARS

A batch fermentation process ferments a starch hydrolysate containing 80-98 weight percent of glucose based on total carbohydrate and 0.3-5% weight percent of isomaltose based on total carbohydrate to a fermentation product. A fermentation broth is formed containing a first portion of a total amount of the starch hydrolysate so that the fermentation broth has an initial glucose concentration of at least about 50 g/L. Fermentation is carried out until the fermentation broth contains 30 g/L or less of glucose. An effective amount of at least one active enzyme that converts isomaltose into glucose is adding to the fermentation broth. Then the remaining portion of the total amount of starch hydrolysate is fed into the fermentation broth to maintain a glucose concentration of from about 5 to about 15 g/L in the fermentation broth throughout the feeding step. The final fermentation broth containing the fermentation product is then produced. 142-. (canceled)43. A batch feed fermentation process for fermenting a starch hydrolysate to a fermentation product , comprising:a) forming a fermentation broth containing a first portion of a total amount of a starch hydrolysate, wherein the starch hydrolysate comprises at least 60 weight percent of glucose based on total carbohydrate and 0.3-5% weight percent of isomaltose based on total carbohydrate, so that the fermentation broth has an initial glucose concentration of at least 50 g/L;b) fermenting the first portion of starch hydrolysate with a yeast in an initial fermentation step to produce a fermentation product until the fermentation broth contains 30 g/L or less of glucose;c) adding to the fermentation broth an effective amount of at least one active enzyme that converts isomaltose into glucose after step b); andd) feeding the remaining portion of the total amount of starch hydrolysate into the fermentation broth to maintain a glucose concentration of from 5 to about 15 g/L in the fermentation broth throughout the feeding step ...

Method of sterilizing separation membrane module, method of producing chemical by continuous fermentation, and membrane separation-type continuous fermentation apparatus

A method of sterilizing a separation membrane module using water vapor includes: a liquid supplying step of supplying a liquid having a boiling point of 80° C. or higher at atmospheric pressure to a secondary side of the separation membrane module such that a filling ratio of the liquid in a space surrounded by a filtration portion of a separation membrane is 70% or more, the filtration portion being used for filtration; a liquid sealing step of isolating the secondary side of the separation membrane module such that the filling ratio of the liquid supplied to the secondary side in the liquid supplying step is 70% or more; and a sterilization step of sterilizing the separation membrane module by supplying water vapor to a primary side of the separation membrane module while the secondary side of the separation membrane module is isolated.

TRANSFORMANT FOR PRODUCTION OF LACTIC ACID OF HIGH OPTICAL PURITY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LACTIC ACID USING THE SAME

Disclosed is the biological production of lactic acid using a microorganism. A transformant capable of producing lactic acid of high optical purity at high yield, a method for the preparation thereof, and a method for producing lactic acid in a convenient and economically beneficial manner using the same are provided. The transformant can produce lactic acid of high optical purity at high yield without a stringent limitation to production conditions and a regulation of the intracellular metabolism pathway. Because it requires no additional separation and purification steps, the use of the transformant allows the production of lactic acid in a short process, resulting in a significant reduction in production cost, and avoiding the environment problems caused by precipitate wastes, which brings about environmental issues. 1Zymomonas mobilisLeuconostoc. A transformant , comprising a gene encoding a D-lactate dehydrogenase derived from sp.2Zymomonas mobilis. The transformant of claim 1 , wherein the gene encoding a D-lactate dehydrogenase is a gene encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 4 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 6 claim 1 , or SEQ ID NO: 8.3Zymomonas mobilis. The transformant of claim 1 , wherein the gene encoding a D-lactate dehydrogenase has a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 3 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 5 claim 1 , or SEQ ID NO: 74Zymomonas mobilisZymomonas mobilis. The transformant of claim 1 , wherein the transformant is deposited under accession No. KCTC 11803BP.5Zymomonas mobilis. A method for preparing a transformant claim 1 , comprising:{'i': 'Zymomonas mobilis', 'providing a strain; and'}{'i': Leuconostoc', 'Zymomonas mobilis, 'introducing a gene encoding a D-lactate dehydrogenase derived from sp. into the strain.'}6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the gene encoding a D-lactate dehydrogenase is introduced by using conjugation claim 5 , electroporation claim 5 , or ...

Recombinant candida cell and preparation process and use thereof

Disclosed herein is a process for producing a recombinant Candida cell, which involves genetically engineering a parent Candida cell using a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)(CRISPR/Cas) system. A recombinant Candida cell obtained using the process and a method for producing D-lactic acid from a biomass using the recombinant Candida cell are also disclosed.

Process for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and fermentation of sugars

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fermentation product from lignocellulosic material, comprising the following steps: a) optionally, pre-treatment of the lignocellulosic material, b) optionally, washing of the optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material, c) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases and whereby the enzyme composition at least comprises LPMO, and optionally purifying the hydrolysed lignocellulosic material, d) fermentation of the hydrolysed lignocellulosic material to produce a fermentation product, and e) optionally, recovery of a fermentation product, wherein oxygen is consumed in amounts corresponding to between 20 and 5000 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material, the oxygen is added after the pretreatment and before and/or during the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic material, preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 30 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material, more preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 40 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material, and most preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 50 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material is consumed.

NEW POLYPEPTIDE HAVING A POLYESTER DEGRADING ACTIVITY AND USES THEREOF

The present invention relates to a new isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% identity to the full length amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, and having a polyester degrading activity, and uses thereof. 120-. (canceled)21. A polypeptide having a polyester degrading activity and having at least 90% identity to the full length amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.22. The polypeptide of claim 21 , further comprising an amino acid sequence with at least 75% identity to the full length amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.23. The polypeptide of claim 21 , which is active in a range of temperatures between 20° C. and 70° C.24. The polypeptide of claim 21 , which is active in a range of pH of 5-11.25. The polypeptide of claim 21 , which has a degrading activity selecting from a polylactic acid (PLA) degrading activity claim 21 , a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) degrading activity claim 21 , a poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) degrading activity claim 21 , a polybutylene succinate (PBS) degrading activity claim 21 , and a polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) degrading activity.26. A nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of .27. An expression cassette comprising the nucleic acid of .28. A vector comprising the nucleic acid of .29. A recombinant cell containing a nucleic acid of .30Micromonospora. An isolated bacterial strain of the genus expressing a polypeptide of .31. A method of producing a polypeptide claim 21 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00029', 'claim 29'}, '(i) culturing a recombinant cell of and'}(ii) recovering the culture supernatant or the cells.32. A method of producing a polypeptide claim 21 , comprising:{'i': 'Micromonospora', 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00030', 'claim 30'}, '(i) culturing a recombinant cell of or a strain of and'}(ii) recovering the culture supernatant or the cells.33. A composition comprising a polypeptide of .34. The composition of claim 33 , wherein said composition is ...

Method of producing chemical by continuous fermentation and continuous fermentation apparatus

A method of producing a chemical includes culturing cells in a culture solution in a fermentor to ferment a feedstock to produce a chemical; supplying the culture solution containing the chemical produced in the culturing to a plurality of separation membrane units arranged in parallel; filtering the culture solution supplied in the supplying to separate a permeate containing the chemical; refluxing a retentate that is not filtered in the filtering to the fermentor; and supplying a gas containing oxygen to the plurality of separation membrane units while a supply amount is changed to at least two different values to perform scrubbing, wherein the supply amount and supply time of the gas containing oxygen supplied in the culturing and the supplying the gas are set so that a kLa value is within a predetermined range from an optimal kLa value for the cells cultured in the culturing.

RECOMBINANT MICROORGANISM

The invention concerns a microorganism which is genetically modified so as to i) synthesize a hydrocarbon monomer by fermentation of a carbon source, and ii) depolymerize a polymer constituted at least by hydrocarbon monomer which it is capable of synthesizing. The invention also concerns a method for producing a hydrocarbon monomer using a genetically modified microorganism of this type, as well as the coculture of this microorganism with another microorganism which is capable of synthesizing a polymer of interest. 112-. (canceled)13. A genetically modified microorganism which is genetically modified so as to:i) synthesize a hydrocarbon monomer by fermentation of a carbon source, andii) depolymerize a polymer constituted at least by hydrocarbon monomer which it is capable of synthesizing.14. The microorganism according to claim 13 , in which the monomer comprises at least one heteroatom selected from oxygen and nitrogen.15. The microorganism according to claim 14 , wherein said monomer comprises at least one heteroatom selected from oxygen and nitrogen in the form of an acid claim 14 , alcohol and amine function on said monomer.16. The microorganism according to claim 13 , genetically modified so as to:iii) attenuate the degradation pathways of the hydrocarbon monomer which it is capable of synthesizing.17. The microorganism according to claim 13 , genetically modified so as to:iv) synthesize a polymer comprising the hydrocarbon monomer which it is capable of synthesizing.18. The microorganism according to claim 13 , genetically modified so as to depolymerize a polyester and to synthesize an intermediate claim 13 , acid and/or alcohol of esterification of said polyester.19. The microorganism according to claim 18 , genetically modified so as to depolymerize polylactic acid (PLA) and synthesize lactic acid.20. The microorganism according to claim 19 , expressing at least one enzyme for depolymerizing PLA selected from a proteinase K claim 19 , a lipase and a PLA ...

SYSTEM FOR AND METHOD OF CONVERTING AGRICULTURAL WASTE TO PROBIOTIC ANIMAL FEED

Methods of and devices for producing probiotic animal feed are provided. The method includes adding probiotic microorganisms or enzymes, providing an environmental condition suitable for the growth of the probiotic microorganisms, such as providing abundant sources of carbon, controlling temperature, and controlling pH values, in a fermenting process. 1. A method of making probiotic animal feed comprising:a) adding one or more probiotic substances to a fermenting; andb) generating a probiotic animal feed.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising breaking cell wall of an agriculture substance before fermenting.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating a liquid portion from a solid portion claim 1 , wherein the liquid portion is sent to the fermenting.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the probiotic substances comprise microorganisms.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the probiotic substances comprise enzymes of microorganisms.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the probiotic substances comprise enzymes.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising converting hydrocarbons to organic acids.8Bacillus subtilisLactobacillus acidophilus.. The method of claim 1 , further comprising co-fermenting with an engineered and engineered9. A method of making probiotic animal feed comprising:a) providing an environment suitable for the proliferation of probiotic microorganisms; andb) generating a probiotic animal feed.10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising increasing the number of probiotic microorganisms.11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising a fiber and liquid separating claim 9 , which generates a fiber portion and a liquid portion.12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising adjusting a pH value of the liquid portion to a range between 5.5 and 7.13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising precipitating proteins and nutrients by performing the pH adjusting.14. A method of making probiotic animal feed comprising:a) collecting an agriculture ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RECYCLING OF REDUCED DENSITY BIOPLASTICS

A method for deriving value from a mixed waste feedstock can include receiving a mixed waste feedstock including at least a reduced density biopolymer material and an organic feedstock. At least one of a fluid or a material that releases liquids during degradation is added to the mixed waste feedstock. The reduced density biopolymer material is separated, via density separation, from the mixed waste feedstock. The reduced density biopolymer material has a specific gravity below a specific gravity threshold. The reduced density biopolymer material separated from the mixed waste feedstock as a result of the separating is recovered. 1. A method for deriving value from a mixed waste feedstock , the method comprising:receiving a mixed waste feedstock including at least a reduced density biopolymer material and an organic feedstock;adding to the mixed waste feedstock at least one of a fluid or a material that releases liquids during degradation;separating, via density separation, at least a portion of the reduced density biopolymer material from the mixed waste feedstock, the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material having a specific gravity less than a specific gravity threshold; andrecovering the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material separated from the mixed waste feedstock as a result of the separating.23-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material is configured to float during the density separation.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the recovering includes skimming the portion of the reduced density biopolymer material during the density separation.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduced density biopolymer material has a layered structure with at least two distinct cell sizes.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduced density biopolymer material has a durometer of at least 35 Shore A.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specific gravity threshold is 0.9.9. The method of ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., by fermentation. 1. A method of processing biomass , the method comprising:pretreating biomass with electron beam irradiation;saccharifying the pretreated biomass in an aqueous medium to produce sugars;fermenting the sugars to produce an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product; anddistilling the aqueous solution to concentrate the fermentation product;wherein the aqueous medium comprises water removed during the distilling step.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation product comprises an alcohol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein fermentation is conducted in an aqueous fermentation medium and a portion of the water removed during the distilling step is used in the fermentation medium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the water removed during the distilling step is sent to a waste water treatment process.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the biomass comprises a lignocellulosic material and the method further comprises recovering lignin after the saccharification and/or fermentation step.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the method further comprises utilizing the lignin to generate energy and utilizing the energy in one or more of the method steps. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/682,936, filed Nov. 21, 2012, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US2011/037322, which designated the United States and was filed on May 20, 2011, published in English, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/347,692, filed on ...

GLUCOAMYLASE VARIANTS AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES ENCODING SAME

The present invention relates to glucoamylase variants having improved thermostability. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants. 1. A glucoamylase variant , comprising a substitution or deletion at one or more positions corresponding to positions 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 26 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 65 , 72 , 74 , 79 , 80 , 103 , 105 , 112 , 161 , 172 , 218 , 220 , 221 , 245 , 253 , 255 , 279 , 325 , 327 , 359 , 364 , 370 , 375 , 377 , 405 , 445 , 447 , 460 , 463 , 465 , 468 , 477 , 501 , 502 , 504 , 516 , 524 , 526 , 563 , 564 , 568 , 571 of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 , wherein the variant has glucoamylase activity and at least 70 percent sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3.2. The variant of claim 1 , comprising a substitution or deletion in at least one position selected from position 65 claim 1 , 327 claim 1 , 501 claim 1 , 504 of SEQ ID NO: 3.3. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises or consists of one or more substitutions selected from the group consisting of T65A claim 1 , Q327F claim 1 , E501V claim 1 , Y504T claim 1 , Y504*.4. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises at least one of the following substitutions or combinations of substitutions:T65A; orQ327F; orE501V; orY504T; orY504*; orT65A+Q327F; orT65A+E501V; orT65A+Y504T; orT65A+Y504*; orQ327F+E501V; orQ327F+Y504T; orQ327F+Y504*; orE501V+Y504T; orE501V+Y504*; orT65A+Q327F+E501V; orT65A+Q327F+Y504T; orT65A+E501V+Y504T; orQ327F+E501V+Y504T; orT65A+Q327F+Y504*; orT65A+E501V+Y504*; orQ327F+E501V+Y504*; orT65A+Q327F+E501V+Y504T; orT65A+Q327F+E501V+Y504*.5. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises at least one of the following combinations of substitutions:E501V+Y504T;T65A+K161S;T65A+Q405T;T65A+Q327W;T65A+Q327F;T65A+Q327Y;P11F+T65A+Q327F;R1K+D3W+K5Q+G7V+N8S+T10K+P11S+T65A+Q327F; ...

FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING D-LACTIC ACID OR ITS SALTS

This invention relates to a fermentation process for producing D-lactic acid or its salts. The said process comprises the following steps: cultivating of bacteria strain by fermentation with sugarcane juice in order to obtain the seed culture; fermenting of the obtained seed culture in sugarcane juice, wherein the cultivation step is operated for the time that the final concentration of strain in the cultivation step is in a range of 400 to 1,600 mg of dry cell per liter. The said process according to the invention can provide high productivity and yield of the D-lactic acid with a high optical purity. Moreover, the said process can be easily done and reduces the complicate steps. 1: A fermentation process for producing D-lactic acid or a salt thereof , the fermentation process comprising:{'i': 'Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus', '(a) cultivating bacteria strain, microbial accession number NITE ABP-02334, in sugarcane juice, to obtain a seed culture; and'}(b) fermenting the seed culture in sugarcane juice;{'i': 'Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus', 'wherein (a) is operated for a time such that a final concentration of the bacteria strain in (a) is in a range of from 400 to 1,600 mg of dry cell per liter.'}2Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus: The fermentation process of claim 1 , wherein the final concentration of the bacteria strain in (a) is in a range of from 1 claim 1 ,000 to 1 claim 1 ,400 mg of dry cell per liter.3: The fermentation process of claim 1 , wherein (a) is operated under an aerobic condition.4Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus: The fermentation process of claim 1 , wherein a starting concentration of the bacteria strain in (a) is in a range of from 40 to 240 mg of dry cell per liter.5: The fermentation process of claim 4 , wherein the starting concentration is in a range of from 120 to 160 mg of dry cell per liter.6: The fermentation process of claim 1 , wherein (b) is operated under a mircoaerobic condition.7: The fermentation process of claim 1 , ...

Polypeptide conferring acid tolerant property to yeast cell, polynucleotide encoding the same, yeast cell having increased amount of the polypeptide, method of producing a product by using the yeast cell, and method of producing acid-tolerant yeast cell

A polypeptide conferring an acid-tolerant property on a yeast cell, a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide, a yeast cell including an increased amount of the polypeptide, a method of producing a product by using the yeast cell, and a method of producing an acid-tolerant yeast cell are provided.

Separation Process

A process for treating a mixture of R,R- and S,S-lactide is provided. The process involves contacting the mixture with an aliphatic alcohol and an enzyme in the presence of a ketone solvent to produce a mixture comprising aliphatic ester of lactic acid corresponding to one lactide enantiomer, and the aliphatic ester of lactyllactic acid corresponding to the other lactide enantiomer. Also provided are processes for the production of S-lactic acid, S,S-lactide, poly-S-lactic acid, R-lactic acid, R,R-lactide, poly-R-lactic acid and stereocomplex polylactic acid. 1. A process for treating a mixture of R ,R- and S ,S-lactide comprising:contacting the mixture of R,R- and S,S-lactide with an aliphatic alcohol and an enzyme in the presence of a ketone solvent to produce a mixture comprising aliphatic ester of lactic acid corresponding to one lactide enantiomer and the aliphatic ester of lactyllactic acid corresponding to the other lactide enantiomer.2. A process as claimed in characterised in that the ketone solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone claim 1 , methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone.3. (canceled)4. The process as claimed in characterised in that the aliphatic ester of lactic acid has an enantiomeric excess of at least 90%.5. The process as claimed in characterised in that the aliphatic ester of lactyllactic acid has an enantiomeric excess of at least 90%.6. The process as claimed in characterised in that the aliphatic alcohol is a Cto Caliphatic alcohol claim 1 , preferably n-butanol.7. The process as claimed in characterised in that the molar ratio of Cto Caliphatic alcohol to racemic lactide is in the range 2:1 to 5:1 claim 6 , preferably 2:1 to 3:1.8Candida antarctica. The process as claimed in characterised in that the enzyme is a lipase B claim 1 , and the aliphatic ester of lactic acid and the aliphatic ester of lactyllactic acid are respectively an aliphatic ester of R-lactic acid and an aliphatic ester of S claim 1 ,S- ...

Process for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and fermentation of sugars

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fermentation product from lignocellulosic material, comprising the following steps: a) optionally, pre-treatment of the lignocellulosic material, b) optionally, washing of the optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material, c) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases and whereby the enzyme composition at least comprises LPMO, and optionally purifying the hydrolysed lignocellulosic material, d) fermentation of the hydrolysed lignocellulosic material to produce a fermentation product, and e) optionally, recovery of a fermentation product, wherein oxygen is consumed in amounts corresponding to between 20 and 5000 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material, the oxygen is added after the pretreatment and before and/or during the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic material, preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 30 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material, more preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 40 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material, and most preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 50 mmol molecular oxygen per kg glucan present in the lignocellulosic material is consumed.

Genetically engineered yeast cell with enhanced edc activity and capability of producing lactate, method of producing the yeast cell, and method of producing lactate by using the yeast cell

A genetically engineered yeast cell with enhanced activity of an EDC enzyme compared to that of a parent cell and capability of producing lactate, a method of producing the yeast cell, and a method of producing lactate by using the yeast cell.

COMBINED CANCER THERAPY WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT MODULATORS AND FERMENTATION PRODUCTS BY SYMBIOTIC MICROBIOTA

Combined therapy of cancer using an immune check point modulators (e.g., an immune checkpoint inhibitor) and a fermented product, which may be prepared using symbiotic microbiota. 1. A method for treating cancer , comprising:(i) administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of an immune checkpoint modulator; and(ii) administering to the subject a fermented composition, which comprises multiple metabolites that are generated via fermentation of a legume plant or a portion thereby by one or more microorganisms.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immune checkpoint modulator is an immune checkpoint inhibitor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermented composition is administered by oral administration or intravenous administration.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermented composition is in liquid form.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermented composition comprises multiple metabolites that are generated via fermentation of soybean or an extract thereof.6lactobacillus. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermented composition comprise multiple metabolites that are generated via fermentation of the legume plant or a portion thereof by a yeast claim 1 , a claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the portion of the legume plant is soybean.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multiple metabolites comprise a combination of lactic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , and/or 3-aminoisobutyric acid.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the fermented composition comprises lactic acid at 5-20% by weight claim 8 , acetic acid at less than 5% by weight claim 8 , and 3-aminoisobutyric acid at less than 5% by weight.10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the fermented composition is prepared by a process comprising:{'i': 'lactobacillus', '(i) growing the yeast, the , or the combination thereof in a medium comprising the legume plant, a portion thereof, or an extract thereof under conditions allowing for fermentation of ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC ACID

To provide a method for producing an organic acid, whereby the desired organic acid can be efficiently recovered without necessity for adjusting the pH to a neutral level in the fermentation step. The method for producing an organic acid, comprises 1. A method for producing an organic acid , which comprisesa first step of producing an organic acid by fermentation to obtain a crude liquid containing the organic acid and having a pH of from 1 to 5, and{'sub': '10-30', 'a second step of extracting the organic acid from the crude liquid containing the organic acid obtained in the first step by means of an extraction medium containing a Cdiester compound to obtain an extract (1) containing the organic acid.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the diester compound is a dialkyl ester of an aliphatic acid dicarboxylic acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the diester compound is a diester compound selected from the group consisting of bis(2-ethylhexyl) fumarate claim 1 , bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate claim 1 , bis(2-ethylhexyl) itaconate claim 1 , bis(2-ethylhexyl) azelate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extraction medium further contains an alkylamine compound.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the alkylamine compound is a Ctrialkylamine.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the trialkylamine is a trialkylamine selected from the group consisting of trihexylamine claim 5 , trioctylamine claim 5 , tridecylamine and tridodecylamine.7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the volume ratio of the alkylamine compound/the ester compound in the extraction medium is from 0.6/1 to 9/1.8. The method according to claim 1 , which further includes a third step of extracting the organic acid from the extract (1) by means of water to obtain an extract (2) containing the organic acid.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the third step is carried out at a temperature of from 60 to 90° C.10. The ...

Processing biomass

Provided herein are methods for processing biomass materials that are disposed in one or more structures or carriers, e.g., a bag, a shell, a net, a membrane, a mesh or any combination of these. Containing the material in this manner allows it to be readily added or removed at any point and in any sequence during processing.

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as hydroxy-carboxylic acids and hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives. A method includes treating a reduced recalcitrance lignocellulosic or cellulosic material with one or more enzymes and/or organisms (such as ) to produce an alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxycarboxylic acid (such as lactic acid, glycolic acid); and converting the alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product (such as esters, polymers, and copolymers). 1. A method for making a product comprising:treating a reduced recalcitrance lignocellulosic or cellulosic material with one or more enzymes and/or organisms to produce an alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid, andconverting the alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a feedstock is pretreated with at least one of irradiation claim 1 , sonication claim 1 , oxidation claim 1 , pyrolysis and steam explosion to produce the reduced recalcitrance lignocellulosic or cellulosic material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein irradiation is performed with an electron beam.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting is selected from the group consisting of polymerization claim 1 , isomerization claim 1 , esterification claim 1 , oxidation claim 1 , reduction claim 1 , disproportionation and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product comprises converting lactic acid to esters.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein treating is performed initially with one of more enzymes to release one or more sugars from the lignocellulosic or cellulosic material followed by adding one or more organisms to produce the hydroxy-carboxylic acid.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein producing the hydroxy-carboxylic acid comprises treating is performed initially to release one ...

Polymer Grade Lactic Acid Monomer Production Bacteria and Construction Method thereof and Technology for Manufacturing Lactic Acid

Disclosed are very high optically pure D- and L-lactic acid fermentation production strains and construction methods thereof and the method for preparing very high optically pure D- and L-lactic acids using the strains, wherein the deposit number of the D-lactic acid fermentation production strain is CGMCC No. 11059, and the deposit number of the L-lactic acid fermentation production strain is CGMCC No. 11060. 1. A polymer grade lactic acid monomer producing strain for producing extremely high optical pure D-lactic acid by fermentation , wherein , the deposit number of the strain is CGMCC No. 11059.2. A polymer grade lactic acid monomer producing strain for producing extremely high optical pure L-lactic acid by fermentation , wherein , the deposit number of the strain is CGMCC No. 11060.3. A construction method of the polymer grade lactic acid monomer producing strain of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,{'sub': R', 'L, 'knocking out a single or a plurality of genes for preliminary strain construction, the genes include: ldhA, thiE, dld, ackA, pta, pps, pflB, poxB, frdA, adhE, lldD; expressing the single or a plurality of genes, the genes include: kan-clts857-p-pldhA, ldhBcoa, ldhLca, ldhStrb; using a temperature-induced gene transcription mode to control and regulate the cell growth process and lactic acid formation process, including: the strain is subjected to cell fermentation culture-induction-acid production stage by stage under the condition of 25-50° C. after being preliminarily constructed, quantitative control of the cell accumulation can be performed in the cell growth process under the regulation of a single fermentation factor, wherein the single fermentation factor is a regulation factor in the transcriptional process, the translation process, the secretion process or the catalytic process after expression of a key enzyme of a cell central metabolic pathway.'}4. The construction method of the polymer grade lactic acid monomer producing strain according to ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

A method of lowering the blood lactate concentration of subject in the need thereof includes the step of applying to the subject a pulsating magnetic field to the thyroid area of the subject. 1. A method of lowering the blood lactate concentration of subject in the need thereof comprising the step of applying to the subject a pulsating magnetic field to the thyroid area of the subject.2. The method according to for the recovery of the subject after physical strain.3. The method according to for the increase of physical fitness.4. The method according to for the shift of the individual anaerobic threshold.5. The method according to claim 1 , whereas the magnetic field has a field strength in the range of 0.1 to 100 μT.6. The method of claim 1 , whereas the pulsating magnetic field as a single frequency selected from the range of 1 to 100 Hz.7. The method according to claim 1 , whereas the subject has a blood lactate level of at least 1.5 mmol/l.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulsating magnetic field is applied at least once daily.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the pulsating magnetic field is applied for a duration of 1 to 60 min.10. The method according to wherein the pulsating magnetic field is applied directly after the termination of physical strain.11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the pulsating magnetic field is applied in the interval between to phases of physical strain.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the physical strain is of at least 75 Watt.13. The method according to for the treatment of hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis. The invention relates to the improvement and regeneration of physical fitness, especially after physical strain, and the enhancement of physical performance. More particularly, the invention relates to the field of lowering blood lactate values. Furthermore, it relates to a device and a method for the stimulation of the clearance of blood lactate and/or the reduction of the heart ...

MICROBIAL STRAINS ENGINEERED FOR IMPROVED FRUCTOSE UTILIZATION

The present invention discloses a genetically engineered sp. yeast strain that is capable of producing lactic acid from carbon source selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose or a mixture thereof wherein the genetically engineered yeast comprises at least one heterologous DNA cassette that confers production of a protein functioning as a fructose importer. The genetically engineered yeast strain according to this invention has an improvement of fructose utilization and use fructose as a faster rate than conventional strain, allowing for shorter fermentation times and improved economics. 19-. (canceled)10Kluyveromyces. A genetically engineered sp. yeast strain that is capable of producing lactic acid from carbon source selected from glucose , fructose , sucrose or a mixture thereof , wherein the genetically engineered yeast comprises at least one heterologous DNA cassette that confers production of a protein functioning as a fructose importer.11Kluyveromyces. The genetically engineered sp. yeast strain of claim 10 , wherein said fructose importer is functioned by facilitated diffusion.12Kluyveromyces. The genetically engineered sp. yeast strain of claim 10 , wherein said fructose importer is encoded by an exogenous FFZ1 gene claim 10 , or a functional homolog thereof.13Kluyveromyces. The genetically engineered sp. yeast strain according to claim 10 , wherein said genetically engineered yeast strain has an improvement of fructose utilization as compared to the parental.14Kluyveromyces. The genetically engineered sp. yeast strain according to claim 10 , wherein said genetically engineered yeast strain is capable of consuming all measurable glucose and fructose with fructose consumption rate of at least 1.25 g Lhr.15Kluyveromyces. The genetically engineered sp. yeast strain according to claim 10 , wherein said genetically engineered yeast strain further comprises a cassette that confers expression of gene encoding a fructokinase or a hexokinase. ...

GLUCOAMYLASE VARIANTS AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES ENCODING SAME

The present invention relates to glucoamylase variants having improved thermostability. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants. 1. A glucoamylase variant having improved thermostability , comprising a substitution at a position corresponding to position 2 of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 , wherein the variant has glucoamylase activity and wherein the variant has at least 90% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3.2. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.3. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant has at least 97% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3.4. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant has at least 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:3.5. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant has at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.69-. (canceled)10. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the number of substitutions is 1-20.11. The variant of claim 1 , comprising a substitution or deletion in at least one position selected from the group consisting of 65 claim 1 , 327 claim 1 , 501 claim 1 , and 504 of SEQ ID NO: 3.12. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises or consists of one or more alterations selected from the group consisting of T65A claim 1 , Q327F claim 1 , E501V claim 1 , Y504T claim 1 , and Y504*.13. The variant of claim 1 , wherein the variant comprises at least one of the following substitutions or combinations of substitutions:T65A; orQ327F; orE501V; orY504T; orY504*; orT65A+Q327F; orT65A+E501V; orT65A+Y504T; orT65A+Y504*; orQ327F+E501V; orQ327F+Y504T; orQ327F+Y504*; orE501V+Y504T; orE501V+Y504*; orT65A+Q327F+E501V; orT65A+Q327F+Y504T; orT65A+E501V+Y504T; orQ327F+E501V+Y504T; orT65A+Q327F+Y504*; orT65A+E501V+Y504*; orQ327F+E501V+Y504*; orT65A+Q327F+E501V+Y504T; orT65A+Q327F+E501V+Y504*.14. ...

FERMENTATION PROCESS

The present invention pertains to a fermentation process for the production of an organic acid salt including the steps of fermenting a microorganism in a fermentation medium in a fermentation reactor to form a fermentation broth having an organic acid salt, wherein part of the organic acid salt is present in the solid state and part of the organic acid salt is dissolved in the fermentation broth; withdrawing at least part of the fermentation broth from the fermentation reactor, providing the broth to a hydrocyclone, and withdrawing a top effluent and a bottom effluent from the hydrocyclone; providing the bottom effluent from the hydocyclone to a solid/liquid separation step, to form a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, providing at least 30 vol.% of the total of the top effluent from the hydrocyclone and the liquid fraction from the solid-liquid separation step to the fermentation reactor. 1. Fermentation process for the production of an organic acid salt comprising the steps offermenting a microorganism in a fermentation medium in a fermentation reactor to form a fermentation broth comprising an organic acid salt, wherein part of the organic acid salt is present in the solid state and part of the organic acid salt is dissolved in the fermentation broth;withdrawing at least part of the fermentation broth from the fermentation reactor, providing said broth to a hydrocyclone, and withdrawing a top effluent and a bottom effluent from the hydrocyclone;providing the bottom effluent from the hydocyclone to a solid/liquid separation step, to form a solid fraction and a liquid fraction,providing at least 30 vol.% of the total of the top effluent from the hydrocyclone and the liquid fraction from the solid-liquid separation step to the fermentation reactor.2. Fermentation process according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the top effluent from the hydrocyclone is provided to the fermentation reactor.3. Fermentation process according to claim 1 , wherein the organic ...

Biological Stabilization for Fermentable Biomass

A stabilized biomass and a method of producing a stabilized biomass is disclosed. The biomass has active matter containing carbon atoms having an average oxidation state, inactive matter, a biological catalyst having a fermentation organism capable of converting the active matter into a renewable material, and water. The biomass has not been milled. The biomass is suitable for use in the production of renewable materials, such as ethanol. 1. A biomass comprising:active matter containing carbon atoms having an average oxidation state, inactive matter, a biological catalyst comprising a fermentation organism capable of converting the active matter into a renewable material and water;the biomass having been processed in the absence of milling;whereby the biomass is suitable for use in the production of renewable materials.2. The biomass of claim 1 , wherein the average oxidation state of the carbon atoms in the active matter is between −2 and −0.25.3. The biomass of claim 1 , wherein the biomass further comprises an antimicrobial agent.4. The biomass of claim 1 , the biological catalyst being selected from the group consisting of cyanobacteria claim 1 , fungus claim 1 , algae claim 1 , yeast claim 1 , ethanologenic yeast claim 1 , diatom and phytoplankton.5. The biomass of claim 1 , the biological catalyst comprising ethanologenic yeast.6. The biomass of claim 5 , further having between 100 and 10 claim 5 ,000 colony forming units of the biological catalyst per gram of biomass.7. The biomass of claim 1 , wherein the biomass has a moisture content of between 18% and 50% by weight.8. The biomass of claim 1 , wherein the biomass has a moisture content of between 20% and 30% by weight.9. The biomass of claim 1 , wherein the biomass has a moisture content of between 22% and 25% by weight.10. The biomass of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises a grain.11. The biomass of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises a whole grain.12. The biomass of claim 1 , the biomass being ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids. 1. A method comprising:producing a sugar by the saccharification of an electron beam irradiated biomass material, whereinthe biomass material comprises a genetically modified corn or soybean.2. The method of wherein the sugar is a low molecular weight sugar selected from the group consisting of glucose claim 1 , xylose claim 1 , arabinose claim 1 , mannose and galactose.3. The method of wherein the biomass is irradiated with a radiation dose of between about 10 Mrad and about 150 Mrad.4. The method of wherein irradiating comprises irradiating the biomass material with more than one electron beam device.5. The method of wherein the saccarification includes treating the biomass material with a cellulolytic enzyme.6. The method of wherein the saccharification includes chemical hydrolysis.7. The method of further comprising converting the sugar to a product.8. The method of wherein converting comprises fermenting the sugar with an organism.9. The method of wherein the organism is a yeast or a bacteria.10. The method of wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of alcohols claim 7 , organic acids claim 7 , hydrocarbons claim 7 , hydrogen claim 7 , proteins claim 7 , carbohydrates claim 7 , fats claim 7 , oils claim 7 , lipids claim 7 , amino acids claim 7 , vitamins claim 7 , and mixtures thereof.11. The method of wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 10 , ethanol claim 10 , propanol claim 10 , isopropanol claim 10 , butanol claim 10 , ethylene glycol claim 10 , propylene glycol claim 10 , 1 claim 10 ,4-butane diol claim 10 , glycerin claim 10 , and combinations thereof.12. The method of wherein the alcohol is ethanol.13. The method of wherein the alcohol is butanol.14. The method of wherein the product is a carboxylic acids selected from the group ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LOW-ASH BIOMASS FOR COMBUSTION OR PELLETS

This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; and recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products may include fermentable sugars, fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin. 1. A process for producing low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) providing an extraction solution comprising steam and/or hot water, and starting acetic acid;(c) treating said feedstock with said extraction solution under effective extraction conditions to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids;(d) separating at least a portion of said cellulose-rich solids from said extract liquor, to produce dewatered solids containing cellulose and lignin;(e) hydrolyzing said hemicellulosic oligomers contained in said extract liquor, under effective hydrolysis conditions, to produce hemicellulosic sugars, wherein said effective hydrolysis conditions release acetyl groups to generate additional acetic acid;(f) removing a vapor stream ...

ENZYME COMPOSITIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES AND BY-PRODUCTS

The present technology relates to novel enzyme compositions for the use in processes of producing a fermentation product, in particular ethanol. The use of the disclosed enzyme composition results in improving the quality of by-products in the fermentative production process since they are capable of optimal degrading components in the fermented mash in the fermentation process. 1Trichoderma reesei. An enzyme composition comprising a xylanase , a beta 1 ,3 glucanase and a polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase II activity comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80 percent identical to a CBHII from (SEQ ID NO: 1) , wherein the amino acid sequence of said polypeptide comprises at least one variation as compared with SEQ ID NO: 1 , and wherein the variation occurs at position corresponding to amino acid residue 438 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , and wherein said variation can comprise a substitution , deletion or insertion.2. The enzyme composition according to claim 1 , wherein the variation in the polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase II activity is a substitution selected from the group consisting of H438S and H438N.3. The enzyme composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase II activity comprises a further variation at a position selected from the group consisting of: Q37 claim 1 , N38 claim 1 , Y53 claim 1 , S54 claim 1 , A65 and A66.4. The enzyme composition according to claim 3 , wherein the further variation is a substitution selected from the group consisting of Q37I claim 3 , N38K claim 3 , Y53A claim 3 , S54V claim 3 , A65P and A66Y.5. The enzyme composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase II activity comprises the substitutions selected from the group consisting of:i) Y53A, S54V, H438Nii) Y53Q, S54V, H438Siii) Q37I, N38K, A65P, A66Y, H438Siv) Q37I, N38K, Y53A, S54V, A65P, A66Y, H438S.6. The enzyme composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide having cellobiohydrolase II ...