ГИДРОЛИЗ И ФРАКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ БИОМАССЫ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к гидролизной промышленности и предназначено для отделения сахаров гемицеллюлозы от других компонентов биомассы. Способ предусматривает подачу твердой исходной биомассы или твердой частично фракционированной лигноцеллюлозной биомассы в по крайней мере один проточный реактор непрерывного действия со сжимающимся слоем. В реактор вводят разбавленную кислоту с рН 1-5. В нем осуществляют основную стадию процесса гидролиза при 140-220oС в течение 10-60 мин при объемной скорости потока кислоты 1 - 50 объемов реактора для поддержания постоянного соотношения твердой и жидкой фаз в ходе процесса для увеличения выхода сахаров гемицеллюлозы. Для гидролиза используют различные минеральные кислоты, в частности угольную кислоту. При необходимости проводят дополнительные стадии гидролиза. Используют реактор конической или цилиндрической формы или ряд реакторов с последовательно уменьшающейся емкостью, в которых перемещают биомассу из реактора большей емкости в реактор меньшей емкости ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КСИЛИТА

Изобретение относится к получению ксилита. Способ осуществляют путем отделения ксилозы и ксилоновой кислоты от материала, содержащего ксилозу и ксилоновую кислоту, представляющего собой варочную жидкость сульфитной варки. Ксилозу отделяют и кристаллизуют. Ксилоновую кислоту отделяют и восстанавливают до ксилита. Восстановление осуществляют при температуре 70-150oС, под давлением от 10000 до 13000 кПа в присутствии катализатора, в состав которого входят соединения на основе Ru, Pd, Pt, Rh или Ni-Ренея, кроме того, используют боргирид натрия в качестве металлгидридного реагента. Ксилит выделяют хроматографически или путем кристаллизации. Технический результат - получение ксилита с высоким выходом из сульфитного варочного раствора. 40 з.п.ф-лы, 11 табл.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗАТРАВОЧНОЙ СУСПЕНЗИИ ДЛЯ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ ГЛЮКОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к сахарной промышленности. Способ получения затравочной суспензии для кристаллизации глюкозы предусматривает механическое измельчение кристаллической глюкозы с кристаллами в диапазоне 1-300 мкм, предпочтительно 250-300 мкм, с помощью мельницы с фильтрами для классификации частиц по размерам. Получают затравочные кристаллы размером 1-10 мкм и 10-30 мкм. Смешивают с абсолютным спиртом в соотношении 3:2. Спирт выбирают из этанола, пропанола, бутанола, изопропанола, изобутанола. Затем герметично укупоривают и хранят для последующего использования в качестве затравки. Затравочные кристаллы размером 1-10 мкм применяют для кристаллизации ангидридной глюкозы изотермическим способом, а затравочные кристаллы размером 10-30 мкм - для кристаллизации ангидридной глюкозы политермическим способом. Изобретение позволяет получить стабильную при хранении затравочную суспензию для получения ангидридной глюкозы изотермическим и политермическим способами. 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ВЫХОДА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДЕКСТРОЗЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕМБРАННОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии. Предложен способ повышения степени извлечения декстрозы из содержащего декстрозу раствора. Способ включает мембранную фильтрацию содержащего декстрозу раствора с порогом фильтрации по молекулярному весу от 100 до 400 дальтон и обработку получаемого ретентата иммобилизованными на смоле и/или удерживаемыми мембраной ферментами глюкоамилазой и/или пуллуланазой. Способ обеспечивает повышение выхода целевого продукта декстрозы. 6 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ D-ПСИКОЗЫ ВЫСОКОЙ ЧИСТОТЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения D-псикозы, который может быть использован в химической промышленности. Способ включает эпимеризацию D-фруктозы в D-псикозу для получения содержащего D-псикозу раствора, первое охлаждение и ионную очистку содержащего D-псикозу раствора, первое концентрирование и второе охлаждение очищенного содержащего D-псикозу раствора, хроматографию содержащего D-псикозу раствора, который подвергали первому концентрированию и второму охлаждению, для получения содержащего D-фруктозу маточного раствора и содержащего D-псикозу отделенного раствора, и второе концентрирование и третье охлаждение содержащего D-псикозу отделенного раствора для получения кристаллов D-псикозы, где содержащий D-фруктозу маточный раствор, полученный с помощью хроматографии, повторно используют в эпимеризации D-псикозы, и где маточный раствор, полученный в результате кристаллизации D-псикозы, повторно используют в первом охлаждении и ионной очистке, первом концентрировании и втором охлаждении ...

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ

Изобретение описывает способ получения твердого материала на основе древесины и материала, полученного из гемицеллюлозы, из древесного сырья, включающий: i) паровую обработку или паровой взрыв древесного сырья с получением тем самым текучего компонента, содержащего гемицеллюлозу, и твердого материала на основе древесины, содержащего обработанный паром древесный материал; при этом указанный способ включает стадии: a) введение древесного сырья в сосуд высокого давления; b) нагревание древесного сырья путем нагнетания пара и поддержания температуры при от 150 до 280° C в течение промежутка времени от 60 до 2400 секунд; c) снижение давления на одной или более стадий и удаление взорванного древесного материала из сосуда; ii) отделение указанного текучего компонента от указанного твердого компонента; iii) обработку по меньшей мере части указанного твердого компонента с получением твердого материала на основе древесины; и iv) обработку указанного жидкого компонента с получением материала, полученного ...

СПОСОБЫ ОБРАБОТКИ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способам обработки лигноцеллюлозного материала для получения сахаров и может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Предложен способ рафинирования водного потока сахаров лигноцеллюлозного гидролизата, содержащий приведение водного потока сахаров в контакт с аминовым экстрагентом-растворителем для образования смеси; отделение от смеси первого органического потока, содержащего аминовый экстрагент-растворитель, минеральную кислоту, органическую кислоту и примесь; и второго водного потока, содержащего один или несколько сахаров; приведение первого потока в контакт с раствором основания с образованием нейтрализованного аминового экстрагента, причем аминовый экстрагент-растворитель содержит амин, содержащий по меньшей мере 20 атомов углерода, и разбавитель. Предложен новый эффективный способ рафинирования сахаров из лигноцеллюлозного гидролизата. 16 з.п. ф-лы, 19 пр., 17 табл., 43 ил.

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к области биотехнологии, а именно к переработке биомассы. Предложен способ повышения доступности углеводов, содержащихся в исходном материале биомассы. Путем нарезания, растирания, раздавливания, дробления или рубки уменьшают размер исходного материала биомассы, содержащего полисахариды, выбранные из целлюлозы, пектина, гемицеллюлозы и их смесей. Получают исходную биомассу, содержащую менее 5% воды. Облучают исходную биомассу электронным пучком при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт с получением первого обработанного материала биомассы. Охлаждают и снова облучают первый обработанный материал биомассы пучком электронов при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт. Получают второй обработанный материал биомассы со среднечисленной молекулярной массой от 3000 до 50000 Дальтон и увеличенной доступностью углеводов. Изобретение позволяет получать материал, имеющий доступность питательных элементов, превышающую доступность питательных ...

СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ ИЗ РАСТВОРОВ

Изобретение относится к технологии кристаллизации органических соединений из содержащих их растворов. Способ извлечения предусматривает приготовление вязкого перенасыщенного исходного раствора, имеющего вязкость 100-1000 Па•с и степень перенасыщения менее чем 4. В этом растворе образуют зародыши кристаллов, размер которых примерно составляет 10-120 мкм. Полученные кристаллы отделяют от межкристального раствора. Исходный раствор перед кристаллизацией выпаривают до достижения перенасыщенного состояния и высокую вязкость раствора достигают путем охлаждения. Извлекаемое органическое соединение представляет собой ксилозу, маннозу, ксилит, маннит, лактозу, лактит, сахарозу, глюкозу, фруктозу, мальтозу, мальтит, изомальтозу, изомальтулозу, лактозу, α-D-глюкопираноцил (1-->6) маннит и др. Образование зародышей кристаллов осуществляют путем эффективного перемешивания исходного раствора для их самопроизвольного возникновения или путем введения затравочных кристаллов извлекаемого соединения. Изобретение ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО НИЗКОКАЛОРИЙНОГО ЗАМЕНИТЕЛЯ САХАРА (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к пищевой промышленности. Предложен способ производства композиционного низкокалорийного заменителя сахара, согласно которому в кристаллическую массу сахара вводят дистиллированную воду. Затем в увлажненную массу сахара добавляют порошкообразный интенсивный подсластитель или предварительно подготовленную смесь порошкообразного интенсивного подсластителя с сахаром и осуществляют одновременно перемешивание и сушку продукта. Также предложен вариант способа производства композиционного низкокалорийного заменителя сахара, согласно которому порошкообразный интенсивный подсластитель добавляют в объемный сахарозаменитель. Изобретение обеспечивает получение низкокалорийного заменителя сахара с высокой степенью однородности. 2 н. и 2 з.п. ф-лы, 4 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БЕТАИНА И САХАРОЗЫ ИЗ МЕЛАССЫ

Изобретение относится к сахарной отрасли пищевой промышленности. Способ переработки мелассы предусматривает разбавление мелассы водой до 10% сухих веществ и разделение ее на фракции при помощи баромембранных технологий в результате последовательно осуществляемых микрофильтрации с использованием микрофильтрационных мембран с размером пор 100-0,1 мкм для отделения высокомолекулярных белковых веществ, обратного осмоса с использованием мембран с размерами пор 0,001-0,0001 мкм для отделения минеральных веществ: от калия при размерах пор 0,000472 мкм, от кальция при размерах пор 0,000394 мкм, от натрия (Na) при размерах пор 0,000378 мкм, ультрафильтрации с использованием ультрафильтрационных мембран для отделения: сахарозы при размере пор 0,0012 мкм, бетаина при размере пор 0,0017 мкм. Осуществляют подкисление до рН<6 или подщелачивание до рН>7 фракции мелассы с бетаином. Далее проводят электролиз в результате пропускания электрического тока через фракцию мелассы с бетаином при плотности тока ...

СПОСОБ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ МАЛЬТОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к пищевой и крахмалопаточной промышленности. Согласно предложенному способу к исходному водному раствору мальтозы с содержанием 30,0-80,0% сухих веществ при температуре 25-80°С добавляют изопропанол в количестве 50,0-500,0% к массе раствора и перемешивают. Охлаждают до температуры 2-25°С, отстаивают и отделяют образовавшиеся кристаллы от жидкой фракции. Образовавшиеся кристаллы высушивают при температуре 75-85°С до влажности 5-6%. Способ обеспечивает упрощение процесса кристаллизации, а также увеличение выхода и чистоты кристаллической мальтозы. 2 пр.

Способ выделения ксилозы и лигнина из жидкостей с примесью сахаров

Изобретение относится к комплексной переработке биомассы. Предложен способ выделения ксилозы и лигнина из водного сахарного раствора при комплексном использовании биомассы. Причем водный сахарный раствор содержит от 20 до 30% сахарного компонента. При этом моносахариды составляют от 5 до 15% сахарного компонента, а полисахариды составляют от 85 до 95% сахарного компонента. Причем кроме моносахаридов и полисахаридов раствор на 60-70% состоит из лигнина и растворимых солей. На этапе гидролиза предложенного способа водный сахарный раствор и растворитель помещают в реакционную камеру, добавляют кислотный катализатор и проводят реакцию гидролиза. При этом реакция гидролиза проходит от 1 до 5 часов при температуре от 90 до 120°С. При этом растворитель, используемый на этапе гидролиза, содержит один или два и более следующих компонентов: метилизобутилкетон, н-бутиловый спирт, толуол и изофорон, а кислотный катализатор содержит одно или два и более следующих веществ: серная кислота, соляная кислота ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИЗ ЗЛАКОВОГО ЗЕРНА ПЕНТОЗ И РАСТВОРИМЫХ ОЛИГО/ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПЕНТОЗЫ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЮ УДАЛЕНИЯ ОБОЛОЧЕК

... 1. Способ извлечения из злакового зерна и отделения растворимых продуктов арабиноксилана, причем вышеупомянутый способ включает (i) удаление части внешних слоев цельных злаковых зерен посредством частичного удаления оболочек, получение первых отрубей злаков и злаковых зерен с частично удаленными оболочками, (ii) вальцовый помол вышеупомянутых злаковых зерен с частично удаленными оболочками с целью получения вторых отрубей злаков, при этом вышеупомянутый способ также включает (iii) заливку водным раствором, по меньшей мере, части вышеупомянутых вторых отрубей злаков с целью повышения растворимости и дополнительной деполимеризации, по меньшей мере, части арабиноксилана, содержащейся в вышеупомянутых вторых отрубях злаков, и (iv) отделение от нерастворимой фракции вышеупомянутой мягкой массы сольюбилизированной фракции, содержащей, по меньшей мере, часть солюбилизированных растворимых продуктов арабиноксилана.2. Способ по п. 1, причем перед заливкой водным раствором вышеупомянутые вторые отруби ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЛАКТОЗЫ ИЗ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТАГАТОЗЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГАЛАКТОЗЫ

... 1. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы, включающий:проведение экстракции лиственницы горячей водой с получением арабиногалактана;проведение кислотного гидролиза экстрагированного горячей водой арабиногалактана с получением кислотного гидролизата; ивыделение галактозы из кислотного гидролизата.2. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором экстракция горячей водой включает переработку лиственницы на щепы или опилки.3. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором экстракцию горячей водой проводят при температуре от 15°С до менее чем 100°С в течение от 0,5 до 24 часов.4. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором кислотный гидролиз включает добавление от 0,1% (масс./об.) до 15% (масс./об.) серной кислоты к арабиногалактану, экстрагированному горячей водой.5. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 1, в котором выделение галактозы включает выделение галактозы хроматографией.6. Способ получения галактозы из лиственницы по п. 5, ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ С5 И С6 ОЛИГОСАХАРИДЫ

... 1. Композиция, включающая:по меньшей мере, один водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид гидролизата;необязательно, по меньшей мере, один водорастворимый C6 моносахарид гидролизата; исуммарно меньше чем приблизительно 5250 частей на миллион (ppm) по массе элементов, в расчете на общую массу указанного водорастворимого C6 олигосахарида гидролизата и указанного водорастворимого C6 моносахарида гидролизата в указанной композиции;где указанные элементы представляют собой Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, и Zn.2. Композиция по п.1, где указанный водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид гидролизата включает C6 олигосахарид, имеющий степень полимеризации от приблизительно 2 до приблизительно 15.3. Композиция по п.1, где указанный водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид гидролизата включает C6 олигосахарид, имеющий степень полимеризации от приблизительно 2 до приблизительно 13.4. Композиция по п.1, где указанный водорастворимый C6 олигосахарид ...

Способ получения молочного сахара с поточной кристаллизацией лактозы

Изобретение относится к молочной промышленности. Способ получения молочного сахара с поточной кристаллизацией лактозы предусматривает ультрафильтрацию обезжиренного молока при температуре 18-20 °С, полученный пермеат с содержанием сухих веществ 5,2-5,4 % направляют на нанофильтрацию, где при температуре 18-20 °С обессоливают до уровня 25-30 % и концентрируют до содержания сухих веществ 18-20 %. Пермеат после нанофильтрации подают на электродиализ, где при температуре 18-20 °С обессоливают до уровня 70-90 % и получают доброкачественность раствора 0,955-0,974, сгущают до коэффициента пересыщения 1,8-2,7, далее направляют на поточную кристаллизацию до конечной температуры 10-12 °С с темпом охлаждения 1,5-2,0 °С/мин. Изобретение позволяет получить высокую однородность кристаллов, низкую гигроскопичность сухого продукта, максимальное количество кристаллизованной лактозы, исключить налипание продукта на поверхности. 3 табл., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ ГИДРОЛИЗА СМЕШАННОЙ БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к пищевой промышленности. Предложен способ гидролиза смешанной биомассы, который включает предоставление по меньшей мере двух исходных модифицированных биомасс. При этом первая биомасса проявляет максимальный выход гидролиза при времени X, а вторая биомасса - при времени Y. Кроме того, вторая биомасса отличается от первой биомассы, а время X меньше или равно времени Y. Способ обеспечивает максимальный выход сахаров из смесей биомассы. 19 з.п. ф-лы, 15 ил., 9 табл., 7 пр.

Композиции для получения глюкозных сиропов

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА САХАРА

... 1. Способ производства сахара, включающий: ! предварительную стадию ферментирования сахаросодержащего сока, полученного из растения посредством микроорганизмов, не продуцирующих фермент сахаразу, и ! стадию получения сахара из ферментированного сахаросодержащего сиропа. ! 2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий стадию выделения этанола из ферментированного сахаросодержащего сиропа перед получением сахара из сахаросодержащего сиропа. ! 3. Способ по п.2, в котором стадия выделения этанола из ферментированного сахаросодержащего сиропа включает отделение этанола посредством перегонки. ! 4. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, в котором растение представляет собой сахарный тростник. ! 5. Способ производства сахара, включающий ! предварительную стадию ферментирования сахаросодержащего сока, полученного из растения посредством микроорганизмов в присутствии ингибитора сахаразы, и ! стадию получения сахара из ферментированного сахаросодержащего сиропа. ! 6. Способ по п.5, дополнительно включающий стадию ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ЭТАНОЛ

... 1. Способ превращения целлюлозного материала в этанол и другие продукты, причем целлюлозный материал содержит по меньшей мере целлюлозу, лигнин, гемицеллюлозу и золу, в котором целлюлозный материал очищают и подвергают непрерывной гидротермической предварительной обработке без добавления кислот или оснований, или других химических реактивов, которые требуется извлекать, причем получают жидкость и фракцию волокон, фракцию волокон подвергают ферментативному размягчению и осахариванию, причем способ включает ферментацию с получением этанола и извлечение продукта, где способ включает: ! осуществление гидротермической предварительной обработки, подвергая целлюлозный материал по меньшей мере одной операции вымачивания, и проведение целлюлозного материала через по меньшей мере один реактор высокого давления, задающий зону высокого давления реактора, работающую при повышенном давлении; целлюлозный материал нагревают до температуры от 170 до 230°С, и проводят по меньшей мере одну операцию отжима ...

СПОСОБ ГЛИКОЗИЛИРОВАНИЯ И ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ВОЛОКНИСТОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ гидролиза растительного волокнистого материала и получения и выделения сахарида, содержащего глюкозу, включающий: ! процесс гидролиза при использовании кластерного кислотного катализатора в псевдорасплавленном состоянии, для гидролиза целлюлозы, содержащейся в растительном волокнистом материале, и получения глюкозы, ! где в процессе гидролиза кластерный кислотный катализатор и первое количество растительного волокнистого материала, который повышает вязкость кластерного кислотного катализатора в псевдорасплавленном состоянии при добавлении к кластерному кислотному катализатору в псевдорасплавленном состоянии, нагревают и смешивают, и второе количество растительного волокнистого материала затем добавляют, когда происходит снижение вязкости горячей смеси кластерного кислотного катализатора и первого количества растительного волокнистого материала. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где объемное отношение первого количества растительного волокнистого материала к кластерному кислотному катализатору ...

СПОСОБЫ КОНВЕРСИИ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ В ФУРАНОВЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ

СПОСОБ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРАСТВОРИМЫХ САХАРОВ ИЗ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ получения целлюлозы и/или сахаросодержащего продукта из лигноцеллюлозного материала, включающийa) фракционирование лигноцеллюлозного материала посредством варки в муравьиной кислоте при содержании муравьиной кислоты от 70 до 98% и температуре от 110 до 160°С;b) доведение фракции целлюлозной массы, полученной таким образом, до консистенции от 10 до 40% и промывание ее муравьиной кислотой;c) обработку загущенной и промытой целлюлозной массы при температуре от 50 до 90°С пермуравьиной кислотой, полученной посредством добавления пероксида водорода к муравьиной кислоте в количестве от 0,5 до 3% от сухой массы целлюлозной массы, и проведения реакции муравьиной кислоты и пероксида водорода с получением перуксусной кислоты за 1-10 минут до добавления пермуравьиной кислоты к загущенной и промытой целлюлозной массе;где обработку целлюлозной массы пермуравьиной кислотой проводят до тех пор, пока пермуравьиная кислота не будет, по существу, израсходована, после чего обработку продолжают, ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СЕПАРАЦИИ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ/ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ СЕПАРАЦИЮ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ/ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

... 1. Сепарационный модуль для сепарации твердых частиц/текучей среды для сепарации массы текучей среды, находящейся под давлением и содержащей твердые частицы, содержащий:сборную выдерживающую давление камеру и по меньшей мере один фильтрующий узел для отделения текучей среды от массы, находящейся под давлением, и направления текучей среды в сборную камеру;фильтрующий узел, образующий центральное отверстие, герметично изолированное от сборной камеры, для размещения массы, находящейся под давлением, и содержащий фильтровальный пакет, состоящий из фильтровальной пластины, содержащей сквозную прорезь фильтра, проходящую от центрального отверстия в фильтровальную пластину для направления текучей среды от центрального отверстия, и опорную пластину для направления текучей среды, собранной в прорези фильтра, в сборную камеру.2. Сепарационный модуль по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фильтровальная пластина содержит множество прорезей фильтра.3. Сепарационный модуль по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фильтрующий ...

СПОСОБ ИНГИБИРОВАНИЯ ИЗОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ВОССТАНАВЛИВАЮЩЕГО САХАРИДА ПРИ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКЕ

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СПОСОБА БЫСТРОГО КИСЛОТНОГО ГИДРОЛИЗА ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА И РЕАКТОРА ГИДРОЛИЗА

... 1. Усовершенствованный способ быстрого кислотного гидролиза лигноцеллюлозного материала такого типа, который содержит целлюлозную часть и лигнинную часть, включающий следующие стадии: ! (а) непрерывная подача в верхнюю часть реактора (10) однородного потока предварительно нагретого и измельченного лигноцеллюлозного материала; ! (b) осуществление контакта указанного лигноцеллюлозного материала на различных уровнях реактора (10) с множеством потоков системы гидросольвента, содержащей большую часть органического растворителя лигнина и воды и меньшую часть чрезвычайно разбавленного раствора сильной неорганической кислоты, так, чтобы одновременно растворялся лигнин и реагировал целлюлозный материал, с получением жидкой фазы в виде гидролизной вытяжки, содержащей реакционные продукты целлюлозной части и раствор лигнина, и твердой фазы, содержащей непрореагировавший и нерастворенный материал; и ! (с) удерживание указанной твердой фазы таким образом, чтобы обеспечить ее осаждение на дно реактора ...

Водное фракционирование биомассы, основанное на новых видах кинетики углеводородного гидролиза

... 1. Многофункциональный способ гидролиза и фракционирования лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, проводимого с целью отделения лигноцеллюлозных сахаров от других компонентов биомассы, содержащей экстрактивные вещества и протеины, часть растворенного лигнина, целлюлозу, глюкозу, полученную из целлюлозы, и растворимый лигнин из указанной биомассы, отличающийся тем, что предусматривает: а) введение в реактор или твердой свежей биомассы, или частично фракционированного материала из лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, содержащих захваченную ими воду или кислоту при рН<5,0, и нагрев до температуры от приблизительно 185°С до приблизительно 205°С; б) обеспечение возможности протекания реакции до точки, в которой приблизительно 60% гемицеллюлозы гидролизовалось, в случае только воды в течение приблизительно 6-10 мин или в случае, когда присутствует кислота, в течение приблизительно 5-10 мин для полного растворения; в) добавление разбавленной кислой жидкости при рН ниже приблизительно 5,0 при температуре с верхним пределом ...

ФЕРМЕНТАТИВНЫЙ ГИДРОЛИЗ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

... 1. Способ непрерывного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы, включающий, по меньшей мере, следующие стадии:(P) обеспечения, по меньшей мере, одного реактора, который может работать в стационарном состоянии;(A) добавления заданного количества целлюлозной биологической массы в указанный реактор, при этом указанная целлюлозная биологическая масса имеет содержание твердых продуктов, по меньшей мере, 10%;(Α') добавления заданного количества ферментов в указанный реактор;(E) осуществления, по меньшей мере, частичного ферментативного гидролиза целлюлозной биологической массы в указанном реакторе,при этом достигается стационарное состояние, при котором целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно добавляют в указанный реактор, в то время как, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованную целлюлозную биологическую массу непрерывно удаляют из указанного реактора, при этом указанная, по меньшей мере, частично гидролизованная целлюлозная биологическая масса, которую непрерывно удаляют, имеет вязкость ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА РАСТВОРА САХАРА И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

... 1. Способ получения жидкого сахара в результате повторения способа получения жидкого сахара, включающего в себя стадии (1)-(3), указанные ниже:(1) стадию добавления выделенной из нитчатого гриба целлюлазы к целлюлозе для осуществления первичного гидролиза;(2) стадию добавления свежей выделенной из нитчатого гриба целлюлазы к гидролизату со стадии (1) для осуществления вторичного гидролиза; и(3) стадию, на которой гидролизат со стадии (2) подвергают разделению твердого вещества и жидкости, получая жидкий сахар, из которого получают регенерированный фермент;при этом указанный регенерированный фермент, получаемый на стадии (3), используют для стадии (1) следующего и последующих процессов получения жидкого сахара.2. Способ получения жидкого сахара по п.1, в котором в качестве указанной выделенной из нитчатого гриба целлюлазы на стадии (1) способа получения жидкого сахара используют ферментный компонент, регенерированный из гидролизата целлюлозы, полученного с использованием выделенной из нитчатого ...

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ изготовления корма для животных, включающийизменение молекулярной структуры полисахаридов биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, путем воздействия на биомассу излучением дозой по меньшей мере 5,0 Мрад, используя пучок электронов, работающий при мощности по меньшей мере 5 кВт, для получения пищевого материала, включающего материал, имеющий среднечисленную молекулярную массу от приблизительно 3000 до 50000 Дальтон, имеющего доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте, превышающую доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте биомассы,при этом доступность питательных веществ определяют путем скармливания равных количеств указанного пищевого материала и биомассы по меньшей мере двум различным группам, состоящим из одного или нескольких животных, и сравнения потерь с экскрементами белка или аминокислоты для этих двух групп;уплотнение пищевого материала с получением корма для животных; ипредоставление пищевого материала ...

СВЕРХКРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ГИДРОЛИЗ БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ, включающий:уменьшение размера частиц исходной лигноцеллюлозной биомассы для изготовления лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, у которой размер частиц составляет менее чем приблизительно 500 мкм;изготовление смеси, которую составляют:вода ивышеупомянутая лигноцеллюлозная биомасса, у которой размер частиц составляет менее чем приблизительно 500 мкм; ивыдерживание в контакте с водой при температуре, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 374°C и при давлении, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 221 бар (22,1 МПа), вышеупомянутой смеси в течение достаточного периода времени для получения, по меньшей мере, одного содержащего 5 или 6 атомов углерода сахарида;причем в вышеупомянутой смеси практически отсутствует экзогенная кислота.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором вышеупомянутое уменьшение размера частиц включает паровой взрыв вышеупомянутой исходной лигноцеллюлозной биомассы необязательно в присутствии химического реагента, выбранного из группы: аммиак, диоксид серы и их сочетания.3. Способ по п. 1, в котором ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ И СПОСОБЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ДИАБЕТОМ

... 1. Способ профилактики, лечения или задержки сердечных осложнений у пациентов с диабетом, включающий введение пациентам фармацевтической композиции, содержащей эффективное количество нейрегулина.2. Способ по п. 1, где сердечным осложнением является сердечная недостаточность.3. Способ по п. 1, где нейрегулином является нейрегулин-1.4. Способ по п. 1, где нейрегулин содержит EGF-подобный домен нейрегулина-1β.5. Способ по п. 1, где нейрегулин имеет последовательность SEQ ID NO:1.6. Способ по п. 1, где фармацевтическую композицию вводят пациентам внутривенно или подкожно.7. Способ по п. 1, где фармацевтическую композицию вводят пациентам в режиме введения.8. Способ по п. 7, где режим введения включает непрерывное введение фармацевтической композиции в течение, по меньшей мере, 3, 5, 7 или 10 дней.9. Способ по п. 7, где фармацевтическую композицию вводят пациентам в режиме поддержки после режима введения.10. Способ по п. 9, где режим поддержки включает введение фармацевтической композиции каждые ...

Способ получения фруктозы

Способ разложения лигноцеллюлозного материала

... 1. СПОСОБ РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МТЕРИАЛА путем его гидролиза в подкисленной варочной жццкости, содержащей 60-40 ч. воды и 40-60 ч. органического растворителя - этанола или ацетона и кислоты в качестве катализатора, при температуре 180-210 С и давлении в.течение 10-60 мин с последующим отделением от варочной жидкости целлюлозы , ее отмывкой, отгонкой из варочной жидкости органического растворителя и летучих продуктов разложения с высаживанием при этом лигнина , конденсацией продуктов отгонки и получением в остаточном растворе caxaров , отличающийся тем, что, с целью предотвращения деструкции целлюлозы и регулирования степени гидролиза исходного материала, процесс гидролиза ведут при поддержании рН среды варочной жидкости 3,51 ,7, причем если используют ацетон, то в качестве кислоты берут соляную или серную кислоту, a если - этанол, то в качестве кислоты используют .щавелевую кислоту. 2. Способ по п. 1, о т л и ч a ю щ и и с я тем, что процесс гидролиза лигноцеллюлозного материала ...

Способ получения сухого препарата лактулозы

Способ непрерывного получения моногидрата декстрозы

Изобретение относится к технологии получения моногидрата декстрозы . Цель изобретения заключается в повышении выхода глюкозы. Способ непрерывного получения моногидрата декстрозы предусматривает введение сиропа, содержащего по крайней мере 55% сухих веществ и 60% глюкозы, в верхнюю часть вертикального или наклонного кристаллизатора, введение В сироп кристаллов, .перемещение кристалломассы сверху вниз емкости при одновременном снижении температуры ее и перемешивании и вывод готового утфеля из зоны кристаллизатора . В качестве затравки используют кристалломассу в количестве 10-40% от объема исходного сиропа, отбираемую из зоны кристаллизации, расположенной по крайней мере на 1/6 общей длины от ее начала и конца , и рециркулируют эту массу на начало зоны кристаллизации. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил. СО ...

Способ получения ксилозы

Способ получения ксиланов и волокнистых материалов

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КСИЛАНОВ И ВОЛОКНИСТЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ путем обработки ксилансодержащего исходного сырья насыщенным водяным паром при температуре 160-210°-С и давлении, последующей обработки .частично прогидролизованного сырья водой и/или разбавленным водным раствором щелочи с получением водного раствора ксиланов и продуктов расщепления ксиланов и нерастворимого в воде остатка - волокнистого материала, отличающийся тем, что, с целью повышения выхода целевых продуктов , обработку исходного сырья водяным паром ведут в течение 5 240 мин при давлении 6,3-19,5 ати. СП ...

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER REINEN AUFLÖSUNG VON EINFACHEN ZUCKERN DURCH HYDROLYSE VON MINDESTENS EINES KOMPLEXEN ZUCKERS IN ANWESENHEIT EINES ABSORBTIONSMITTELS

VERFAHREN ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG ENZYMATISCHER REAKTIONEN

Screen for solids-fluid separation - has outward tapering slots produced by parallel assembly of sections or form milling

Screen for the improved sepn. of solids and liq. has slots with a tapered section and a width of 0.01-1 mm. at the narrowest point. The screen apertures are produced by a parallel assembly of trapezoidal or triangular sections or by milling tapered slots into a metal sheet. Used for sepn. of solids and liq. during the bisulphide process for cellulose prods. in an autoclave. Such a screen provides satisfactory sepn. and a uniform penetration of steam into the filter cake, resulting in an even loose structure. The autoclave contents are well impregnated by the chemicals in the fluid and the cake is uniformly freed from liq.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isomelezitose und Isomelezitose-haltigen Süßungsmitteln

The invention relates to a method for producing isomelezitose, to a method for producing sweetening agents, and to sweetening agents produced in this way.

Gum-like confectionery prepn. from date-pulp - by enzyme treatment, filtration, salt separation, concn., heating with polysaccharide and gelling

Soaked, stoned and homogenised date pulp is used in gum-like confectionery prepn. The process comprises enzyme-treatment, filtration, freeing from salt, discolouration and concn. The concentrate is mixed with liquefied polysaccharides and heated, solidified by cooling and worked into portions. In addn. to confectionery main prod. prepn., the process yields a filter-cake which can be mixed with ground pips and used as feedstuff for ruminants.

KALORIENARMES SUESSUNGSMITTEL UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NAHRUNGSMITTELN UND GETRAENKEN MIT NIEDRIGEM KALORIENGEHALT UNTER VERWENDUNG DESSELBEN

Verfahren zur Verzuckerung von cellulosehaltigen Stoffen mit Hilfe von verduennten Mineralsaeuren

VERFAHREN ZUR EXTRAKTION, REINIGUNG UND ENZYMATISCHEN VERÄNDERUNG VON SOJA 7S GLOBULIN ALPHA' UNTEREINHEIT ZUR VERWENDUNG ALS HYPOCHOLESTEROL-MISCHER-WIRKSTOFF

Verfahren zur Reinigung xylosehaltiger Hydrolysate

Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Glucose in Fructose

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum chemischen Aufschluss cellulosehaltigen Materials

Chromatographische Trennungen mit Ionenaustauschharzen.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KRISTALLINER L-ARABINOSE

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dextroseloesungen

Verfahren zum Umwandeln von Substanzen.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER MISCHUNG VON SACCHARIDEN.

VERFAHREN FUER DIE VERFLUESSIGUNG VON ZUCKERRUEBEN UND ZICHORIENWURZELN DURCH ENZYMATISCHE HYDROLYSE UND DAS SO ERHALTENE HYDROLYSAT.

Invert sugar prepn - by admixing sugar solns with gluconic acid

Liquid or crystal invert sugar and synthetic honey prepn. by admixing sugar solns. with 0.01-0.5% gluconic acid (w.r.t. solids content) and opt. recovering the solid prod. can be controlled to achieve partial inversion. No decompsn. or reversion and no discolouration set in even at high temps. with long reaction times. In a pref. process, 0.01-0.1% gluconic acid may be added to the hot sugar solns. and mixtures may be left to cool. With continuous processes, gluconic acid added is pref. 0.1-0.5%. Re-inversion on prolonged storage may be prevented by adjusting sugar soln. pH to 4.

Verfahren zur Verzuckerung von Holz, Torf und anderen pflanzlichen Stoffen mit verduennten Saeuren

VERFAHREN ZUM AUFSCHLUSS VON ZELLULOSEHALTIGEM MATERIAL MIT GASFOERMIGEM FLUORWASSERSTOFF

HERSTELLUNG VON CHEMISCHEN ZELLSTOFF UND XYLOSE UNTER ANWENDUNG DIREKTER SAURER HYDROLYSE DES ZELLSTOFFES

VERFAHREN ZUR ENTFERNUNG VON VITAMIN B TIEF 2 AUS MOLKE

Verfahren, um Holzzucker, die durch Einwirkung von konzentrierter Saeure auf Holz gewonnen werden, durch Hydrolyse in gaerungsfaehige und kristallisierbare Zucker ueberzufuehren

FILTRATIONSVERFAHREN FUER EINEN MILCHSTROM

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trockenproduktes aus Staerkezuckersirup

Verfahren zum Abbau hochpolymerer Kohlenhydrate

Verfahren zur UEbertragung der Waerme heisser Holzzuckerwuerzen

Verfahren zur Reinigung von Staerkesyrup und Staerkezuckersaeften

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dextrose aus Staerke

Verfahren zur Herstellung von wertvollen Produkten aus cellulosehaltigen Materialien

Herstellung eines Naehrmittels, vorzugsweise fuer Saeuglinge

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON XYLOSE

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON XYLITOL

Verfahren zur Zubereitung der L-Arabinose

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Staerkesirup

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Kristallisierung von Dextrose

Fructose crystallisation - from alcoholic solutions by adding aqueous syrup to alcoholic solution containing seed crystals

Sugar is obtainable as coarse well-centrifuged crystals, in 70 - 80% yields, by process in which aq. fructose-contg. soln. is concd. to a syrup, dissolved in alcohol and charged with stirring to a satd. alcoholic fructose soln. contg. seed cyrstals. Pref. aq. fructose-contng. soln. is concd. to a syrup contg. 86 - 92% dry solids and 1 pt. wt. syrup is dissolved, with heating, in 0.5 - 2 vol. pts. alcohol, pref. MeOH, EtOH, n- or isopropanol. Pref. temp. of fructose-contg. aq.-alcoholic soln. is set to 40 - 60 degrees C during feeding to seed crystal-contg. saturated alcoholic fructose soln., and pref. filler temp. is 10 - 30 (15 - 20) degrees C during crystallisation. Seed crystals are pref. prepd. by controlled spontaneous crystallisation from an alcohol-water-fructose mixture.

Fructose-contg syrup produced enzymatically

Starch is first converted enzymatically to dextrose and the dextrose is enzymatically converted to fructose to obtain a syrup contg. 5-80% fructose, 20-60% dextrose, 2% non-fructose ketose sugars, 2% monosaccharides consisting mainly of maltose and 0-30% of trisaccharides. Pref. syrups contain 30-50% fructose, 30-49% dextrose, maltose. The pH of the syrups is pref. 4-5 and the dry weight 60-82%. The syrups may be used as sweeteners for sauces, pastry, tinned fruits etc. The process gives much less undesirable by-products and is therefore economical, requiring simple purifications. The syrup produced is sweeter, no saccharose-inversion takes place and it does not crystallise upon prolonged storage. The syrup improves the taste and odour of fruit and products contg. fruit.

A method of manufacturing a product using a binder

A method of manufacturing a product comprises the steps of: i) Providing a collection of non-woven materials in the form of loose matter; ii) Treating the collection of loose matter with a substantially formaldehyde free binder solution having a pH of greater than 6 comprising: a carbohydrate, an acid precursor derivable from an inorganic salt which makes up at least 5% by dry weight of the uncured binder solution, a source of nitrogen and water; iii) Arranging the collection of loose matter treated with the binder solution in the form of a substrate; and iv) Curing the binder by applying a source of energy to the substrate. The product may be a mineral fibre insulation product. The carbohydrate may be dextrose; the acid precursor may be ammonium sulphate.

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING SWEET SYRUP

... 1,239,776. Sweet syrups. CORN PRODUCTS CO. 2 Oct., 1968, No. 46862/68. Heading C2C. [Also in Division C7] In the preparation of sweet syrup by interconverting dextrose in a dextrose bearing solution to ketone, the anion content of the solution is substantially reduced by electrodialysis prior to interconversion. The deanionizing is preferably continued until the effluent has a pH of 8 to 10À5. In particular a sweet syrup is prepared from starch conversion syrup by substantially deanionizing said syrup by conventional electrodialysis, isomerizing the deanionized syrup in the absence of alkali by heating at 60-95‹ C., refining the resulting effluent to substantially remove industrial cations and organic anions, e.g. by ion-exchange or electrodialysis, and recovering a sweet syrup containing at least about 12% levulose.

Hydrolysis systems and methods

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MALTOSE

... 1433847 Maltose; enzyme hydrolysis of liquefied starch MEIJI SEIKA KAISHA Ltd 21 May 1974 [22 May 1973] 22744/74 Heading C2S Maltose is produced by saccharifying a liquefied starch using #-amylase and, at the same time or subsequently, streptomyces - amylase. The streptomyces amylase is generally that obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Streptomyces aureofaciens, Streptomyces flavus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. angustomycetes, Streptomyces albus, or Streptomyces tosaensis nor. Sp. The liquefied starch is preferably derived from potato, corn, sweet potato, tapioca, wheat or rice starches, their -starches or a mixture thereof.

Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of glucose from potatoes

... 536,020. Glucose. CORN PRODUCTS CO., Ltd., and WASCHER, H. G. Oct. 23, 1939, No. 28507. [Class 127.] In preparing glucose from potatoes, the conversion of the starch is carried out in the presence of the fine fibre of the pulp. The potatoes, washed and scrubbed, are pulped, and passed over a sieve to remove unground portions and the large portions of the pulp. The resulting material is diluted with water and centrifuged to remove soluble substances, and is sieved to remove coarse fibre. The mixture of starch and fine fibre is treated to convert the starch to glucose, and the solution is filtered to separate the fine fibre which has become partially hydrolised and is suitable for use as a cattle food.

Stable syrup of high dextrine content and method of manufacturing same

A clear and stable syrup is produced by a process which includes the steps of hydrolysing a starch with an acid to a relatively low dextrose equivalent of 16-24, then hydrolysing by means of a diastatic enzyme the partially hydrolysed syrup so formed to a relatively higher dextrose equivalent of 26-40 and then concentrating the syrup to about 38 DEG to 43 DEG B<\>e. The invention also comprises as a new product a sterile, stable low viscosity liquid syrup having a ratio of fermentable extract to dextrose equivalent of from 0.8 to 0.96 and a dextrose equivalent of 26-40. In an example starch e.g. corn starch is acidified and hydrolysed with heat and pressure using sulphuric or hydrochloric acid but the hydrolysis is stopped when the dextrose equivalent is 16-23, the hydrolysate is then neutralised to a pH of 4.6 to 5.4 and then maintained at 100-135 DEG F. in a tank. An enzyme preparation pre-dominating in diastatic activity e.g. the products known as Clarase or Rhozymes is then added and ...

Method for converting waste lignocellulosic materials derived from converting lignocellulose to ethanol into levoglucosenone

Artificial honey composition and production process

The present invention relates to a production process, composition and use of an artificial honey based on the use of inverted sugar, preferably using the enzyme invertase from yeast, with the addition of nutritive components such that the final syrup has a formulation similar to that of natural honey and can have improved pharmaceutical functions and biological functions, being healthier. The artificial honey of the present invention relates to a product of strictly plant origin, which is produced without the use of animal work or biological materials, and can be commercialized in various sectors, including the vegan sector. More specifically, the artificial honey of the present invention is produced from inverted sucrose, preferably by means of the enzymatic catalysis of VHP/VVHP/demerara brown sugars rich in minerals, vitamins and natural antioxidants of great pharmacological interest and various types of substances of interest. The artificial honey of the present invention has no chemical ...

PRODUCING SUGAR SYRUP FROM SORGHUM

Improvements in or relating to the hydrolysis of cellulosic materials

... 536,759. Saccharifying cellulose. REEMTSMA, P. F., and WARTH, C., [trading as CHEMISCHE FABRIK LOWENBERG, Dr. WARTH & CO.]. March 9, 1939, No. 7716. Convention date, March 22, 1938. [Class 127] In hydrolysing cellulosic materials, such as wood, potato tops, cotton-spinning waste, &c. by suspending the material in an organic liquid and treating with hydrogen halide, the material is first soaked in hot or cold water or in dilute acid. It may in addition be treated with chlorine and sulphur dioxide. If the material contains resin, this is first extracted by a volatile solvent. The organic suspension liquid may be benzene mixed with tetra- or deca-hydronaphthalene and carbon tetrachloride so as to have a specific gravity high enough to maintain the material in suspension and may contain a wetting-agent such as methyl hexaline or a flotation agent. A temporary emulsion of aqueous acid and organic suspension liquid is formed and the suspension separates into two layers after introduction of the ...

Improvements in and relating to the treatment of cellulosic material with a view to the production therefrom of glucose

In treating cellulose with an acid such as sulphuric acid to produce glucose, an intermediate product described as cellodextrin is first formed and separated and is then hydrolysed to form glucose. The cellulose is stirred or kneaded at room temperature with concentrated sulphuric acid containing an ester of an organic acid and an organic acid both of low boiling point, e.g., a liquid containing 77 per cent. sulphuric acid, 6 per cent. acetic acid, 11 per cent. ethylacetate and 6 per cent. water. Cellodextrin is precipitated by addition of an organic ester such as ethyl acetate and is washed with ethyl acetate. It is dissolved in water, when occluded ethyl acetate separates as an upper layer and is removed, and the solution is heated with dilute sulphuric acid, sufficient of which may already be contained in the solution. Ethyl acetate may be recovered from the residual liquors by distillation in presence of further quantities of acetic acid. Excess of acetic acid is then removed by distillation ...

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЛИНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЗАМЕНИТЕЛЯ САХАРА

1. Технологическая линия производства заменителя сахара, включающая взаимосвязанные между собой и смонтированные на основании функциональные узлы - узлы подготовки и измельчения растительного сырья с транспортерами и дробилками, узлы отбора заменителя сахара и его упаковки и привод, отличающаяся тем, что узел измельчения выполнен с расположенным перед дробилками приспособлением ориентации растительного сырья, которое выполнено в виде смонтированных над транспортерами шарнирно закрепленных направителей и вертикально установленного поворотного стола, узлы отбора заменителя сахара выполнены в виде параллельно установленных рабочих емкостей с мешалками и приспособлениями введения растворителя и прессования измельченного растительного сырья, а дробилки выполнены взаимосвязанными с выгрузочным агрегатом рабочих емкостей и имеют дополнительные возвратные транспортеры с устройствами отжима отходов растительного сырья. 2. Линия по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что шарнирно закрепленные направители приспособления ориентации растительного сырья смонтированы вдоль транспортеров со смещением друг относительно друга. 3. Линия по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что шарнирно закрепленные направители приспособления ориентации растительного сырья выполнены со смещением друг относительно друга по вертикали. 4. Линия по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что шарнирно закрепленные направители приспособления ориентации растительного сырья выполнены со смещением друг относительно друга по горизонтали. 5. Линия по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что шарнирно закрепленные направители приспособления ориентации растительного сырья выполнены со смещением друг относительно друга по вертикали и горизонтали. 6. Линия по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что шарнирно закрепленные направители приспособления ориентации растительного сырья выполнены с дополнительными разворотными шарнирами. 7. Линия по пп. 1-6, отличающаяся тем, что вертикально установленный поворотный стол приспособления ориентации растительного сырья выполнен с боковыми ...

АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕМЕШИВАНИЯ И/ИЛИ АЭРАЦИИ ЖИДКИХ И ВЯЗКОТЕКУЧИХ ПРОДУКТОВ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

1. Аппарат для перемешивания и/или аэрации жидких и вязкотекучих продуктов при проведении биохимических процессов, содержащий цилиндрическую емкость с крышкой и патрубками, соответственно, для подачи газа и отвода газообразной среды и устройство для перемешивания среды, включающее горизонтальное лопастное колесо, укрепленное на вертикальном валу и размещенное в верхней части емкости непосредственно под крышкой, кольцевую перегородку, установленную в емкости соосно лопастному колесу с образованием зазора между цилиндрической стенкой емкости и кольцевой перегородкой и механизм регулирования положения кольцевой перегородки по высоте относительно поверхности перемешиваемой жидкости, отличающийся тем, что кольцевая перегородка снабжена втулкой, расположенной над кольцевой перегородкой соосно последней и прикрепленной к этой кольцевой перегородке посредством наклонных стоек, механизм регулирования положения кольцевой перегородки относительно поверхности перемешиваемой жидкости выполнен в виде штанги, установленной вертикально в емкости соосно последней и прикрепленной одним концом через патрубок слива продукта к днищу, другой конец которой пропущен через втулку кольцевой перегородки с возможностью вращения последней и снабжен фиксатором положения кольцевой перегородки относительно штанги или фиксатором положения штанги относительно цилиндрической емкости. 2. Аппарат по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фиксатор положения кольцевой перегородки относительно штанги выполнен в виде поплавков, прикрепленных к верхней поверхности кольцевой перегородки и выполненных в виде емкостей, герметично закрытых или открытых в нижней части со стороны перемешиваемой жидкости. 3. Аппарат по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фиксатор положения кольцевой перегородки относительно штанги выполнен в виде дополнительной втулки с ограничителями хода кольцевой перегородки, установленной между штангой и втулкой кольцевой перегородки с возможностью вращения последней и одного или нескольких зажимных элементов, ...

Process and Reactor System for Depolymerization of Polymeric Biomass

The present invention provides a continuous process for saccharification of cellulose by enzymatic degration without any loss of enzymes and also discloses a bioreactor for performing said process.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ГИДРОЛИЗА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗОСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЫРЬЯ

Устройство для гидролиза целлюлозосодержащего сырья, характеризующееся тем, что оно содержит волновод, передняя часть которого выполнена в виде прямоугольного параллелепипеда, а задняя - в виде прямоугольно-трапециидального параллелепипеда, последовательно размещенные в передней части волновода магнетрон и реакционную камеру, вход которой соединен с блоком подачи сырья, связанным с блоком подготовки сырья, а выход через клапан высокого давления подсоединен к приемнику продуктов реакции, и размещенный в задней части волновода энергоприемник, выполненный в виде трубки каплевидной формы, расширенная часть которой расположена в торцевом конце указанной части волновода, связанной по входу-выходу соответственно с патрубками для подачи и вывода воды. И 1 101446 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ВУ” 104 446” 44 ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ИЗВЕЩЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ НА ПОЛЕЗНУЮ МОДЕЛЬ ММ9К Досрочное прекращение действия патента из-за неуплаты в установленный срок пошлины за поддержание патента в силе Дата прекращения действия патента: 06.10.2019 Дата внесения записи в Государственный реестр: 19.08.2020 Дата публикации и номер бюллетеня: 19.08.2020 Бюл. №23 Стр.: 1 па УГО ЕП

ЛИНИЯ ПО ПРОИЗВОДСТВУ ГЛЮКОЗНО-ФРУКТОЗНОГО СИРОПА ИЗ КРАХМАЛСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЫРЬЯ

1. Линия по производству глюкозно-фруктозного сиропа из крахмалсодержащего сырья, содержащая расположенные по ходу технологического процесса и соединенные транспортерами и насосами сборник сырья 1, воздушно-ситовой сепаратор 2, магнитный сепаратор 3, триер куколе- и овсюгоотборник 4, сборник отходов 5, дробилку 6, форсмеситель 7, аппарат для клейстеризации и ферментативной декстринизации замеса 8, вакуум-испаритель 9, аппарат для ферментативного гидролиза оклейстеризованного и декстринизированного замеса 10, декантерную центрифугу или фильтр-пресс для разделения гидролизата на твердую и жидкую фракции 11, установку микрофильтрации 12, аппарат для промывки твердой фракции 13, декантерную центрифугу или фильтр-пресс для отделения промывных вод от твердой фракции 14, сушилку 15, сборник кормового продукта 16, аппарат для обработки фильтрата активным углем 17, установку ультрафильтрации 18, установку для ионообменного электродиализа 19, установку вакуум-выпарную 20, реактор для изомеризации глюкозы в фруктозу 21, аппарат для обработки сиропа активным углем для деколоризации сиропа 22, установку ультрафильтрации для отделения частиц активного угля и нанофильтрации для удаления ионов магния и кобальта 23, реактор для разделения глюкозы и фруктозы на кальций-ионообменной смоле 24, установку вакуум-выпарную для концентрирования сиропа 25, сборники готового продукта 26 и 27, отличающаяся тем, что для разделения гидролизата на твердую и жидкую фракции используется декантерная центрифуга или фильтр-пресс, твердая фракция гидролизата дополнительно экстрагируется водой в аппарате для промывания твердой фракции, для разделения суспензии твердой фракции гидролизата с водой на промывные воды и промытую твердую фракцию используется декаентерная центрифуга или фильтр-пресс, жидкая фракция гидролизата и промывные воды перед обработкой активным углем проходят предварительную очистку от крупных примесей на установке микрофильтрации, обработанный активным углем фильтрат очищается от ...

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ СУЛЬФИТАЦИИ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ САХАРНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

Установка для сульфитации жидкостей сахарного производства, включающая печь для сжигания серы, связанный с ней трубопроводом циклон, струйный сульфитатор, корпус которого соединен с эжектором, содержащим камеру смешивания, снабженную патрубком подвода сернистого газа, и средство подвода сульфитируемой жидкости - центробежно-струйную форсунку, отличающаяся тем, что центробежно-струйная форсунка представляет собой камеру закручивания с соплом, выполненную в кожухе и имеющую три овальных отверстия, расположенных через 120° таким образом, что их продольные оси смещены под углом относительно продольной оси камеры, при этом часть линий взаимного пересечения каждой из поверхностей овального отверстия с цилиндрической камерой закручивания расположена тангенциально относительно поверхности камеры, а часть - радиально к последней. И 1 124680 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ВУ” 124 680” 44 ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ИЗВЕЩЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ НА ПОЛЕЗНУЮ МОДЕЛЬ ММ9К Досрочное прекращение действия патента из-за неуплаты в установленный срок пошлины за поддержание патента в силе Дата прекращения действия патента: 13.10.2020 Дата внесения записи в Государственный реестр: 20.09.2021 Дата публикации и номер бюллетеня: 20.09.2021 Бюл. №26 Стр.: 1 па ОЗЭ9УСЬ ЕП

РОТАЦИОННАЯ ПУЛЬПОЛОВУШКА ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ДИФФУЗИОННОГО СОКА

Ротационная пульполовушка для очистки диффузионного сока, содержащая корытообразный корпус с патрубками для подвода нефильтрованного диффузионного сока, размещенный в нем на валу сетчатый цилиндрический барабан, установленную на валу раму, поверхность которой, обращенная к сетчатому цилиндрическому барабану, имеет игольчатые гибкие штыри для очистки отверстий сетки барабана, приемник фильтрованного сока, бункер для мезги и привод вала, содержащий электродвигатель и цепную передачу с зубчатыми колесами, установленными на валу, регулятор расхода нефильтрованного диффузионного сока, содержащий последовательно соединенные блок сравнения, блок задания, электронный усилитель с блоком нелинейной обратной связи и магнитный усилитель с выпрямителями на выходах, установленный между электродвигателем и цепной передачей регулятора скорости вращения вала, представляющим собой блок порошковых электромагнитных муфт, подключенных к магнитному усилителю, и датчик расхода сока, размещенный на патрубке для подвода нефильтрованного диффузионного сока и соединенный с блоком сравнения регулятора расхода, отличающаяся тем, что между патрубком для подвода нефильтрованного диффузионного сока и корытообразным корпусом расположен термоэлектрический генератор, выполненный в виде корпуса с проходным каналом для нефильтрованного диффузионного сока и комплектом дифференциальных термопар, при этом "горячие" концы дифференциальных термопар расположены внутри проходного канала для нефильтрованного диффузионного сока, а их "холодные" концы укреплены на поверхности корпуса термоэлектрического генератора, причем вход проходного канала для нефильтрованного диффузионного сока термоэлектрического генератора соединен с патрубком для подвода нефильтрованного диффузионного сока, а выход его соединен с корытообразным корпусом. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C13K 13/00 (13) 128 613 U1 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ...

Biomass hydrothermal decomposition system and saccharide-solution production method using biomass material

A biomass hydrothermal decomposition system includes a hydrothermal decomposition unit 17 that transports the fed biomass material from a lower side to an upper side in an apparatus body 13 by screw means 14, feeds pressurized hot water 15 from an upper side different from a feed position of the biomass material 11 into the apparatus body 13, which is pressurized hot water to be discharged, so as to separate a lignin component and a hemicellulose component from the biomass material; a biomass solid discharging unit 18 that discharges a biomass solid 20 from the upper side of the apparatus body 13; and a slurrying vessel 21 communicating with the biomass solid discharging unit 18, into which water 19 is injected and the discharged biomass solid 20 is added to obtain a slurried biomass solid are provided.

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning includes a first evaporator receives a hardwood mix extract and outputting a quantity of vapor and extract. A hydrolysis unit receives the extract, hydrolyzes and outputs to a lignin separation device, which separates and recovers a quantity of lignin. A neutralization device receives extract from the lignin separation device and a neutralizing agent, producing a mixture of solid precipitate and a fifth extract. The solid precipitate is removed from the fifth extract. A second evaporator removes a quantity of acid from the fifth extract in a vapor form. This vapor may be recycled to improve total acid recovery or discarded. A desalination device receives the diluted extract, separates out some of the acid and salt and outputs a desalinated solution.

Methods for increasing the yield of fermentable sugars from plant stover

Methods for increasing yield of fermentable sugars from plant stover are provided. The methods include using plants homozygous for two brown midrib mutations, bm1 and bm3. The methods also include using plants homozygous for a mutation in a gene that results in reduced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and a mutation in a gene that results in reduced 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde/5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol O-methyltransferase activity. The methods also include using transgenic plants that have reduced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity and reduced 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde/5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol O-methyltransferase activity in comparison with wild-type plants.

Methods and Systems for Processing Sugar Mixtures and Resultant Compositions

A method including: (a) selectively reacting a first sugar in a mixture which includes at least one second sugar to form a product mixture comprising a product of said first sugar; (b) separating said product of said first sugar from said product mixture; and (c) separating at least one of said at least one second sugar from said product mixture.

Method for production of fermentable sugars from biomass

A process for production of fermentable sugars from biomass using multi-enzyme multi-step system is provided herein. The process disclosed in the present invention provides high yielded sugars in less time period. The multi-enzyme system disclosed in the present invention converts celluloses, hemicelluloses and/or mixture thereof to fermentable sugar with higher efficiency and better economics than the process known in the prior art. Cellulose and hemicelluloses fractions derived from natural sources such as any lignocellulosic biomass are saccharified in a shortened time with higher conversion rates of intermediates with modified enzymatic compositions/groups of the Multi-enzyme system to enhance the rate thus providing an economical cellulose and hemicellulose saccharification process.

Treating biomass to produce materials useful for biofuels

Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels can be produced from biomass by contacting the biomass with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid. The α-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the product and recycled.

Imprinted Biomimetic Catalysts for Cellulose Hydrolysis

The present disclosure describes methods and biomimetic catalysts useful for hydrolyzing glucose polymers, such as cellulose, and oligomers, such as cellobiose, to glucose for the subsequent production of ethanol.

Combinatorial variants of glucoamylase with improved specific activity and/or thermostability

Presently provided are variant glucoamylases displaying altered properties, such as improved thermostability and/or specific activity. Also disclosed are DNA sequences coding for the variants, vectors and host cells incorporating the DNA sequence, enzyme compositions, and methods of using the variants in various applications.

Solvolysis of biomass using solvent from a bioreforming process

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Enhanced natural sweetener and method of making

A natural sweetening composition comprising a crude mixture of at least one plant based natural high intensity sweetening compound, the sweetening composition made by the process comprising (a) the step of steam stripping the crude mixture; and (b) at least one step of filtering the crude mixture.

Economic Process for Producing Xylose from Hydrolysate Using Electrodialysis and Direct Recovery Method

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly, simple and economic process for producing xylose. The process comprises the steps of: a) countercurrently extracting tropical fruit biomass by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid to obtain a high-concentration xylose extract; b) adjusting the extract to a pH of 1.5-2.5 and decolorizing and filtering the pH-adjusted extract; c) desalting the filtrate in an electrodialysis device; and d) recycling a waste sulfuric acid solution recovered from step c), to step a), and concentrating and directly recovering the desalted filtrate to obtain xylose crystals.

Composition with high protein content for the food industry

The invention relates to a novel protein composition comprising sources of both animal and vegetable origin, having a high PDCAAS nutritional quality value and containing essential amino acids better than those of the proteins in a whole egg, as well as essential amino acids similar to or better than those in meat, suitable for use in pastries, extruded snacks, pastries and meat products.

Sugar mixtures and methods for production and use thereof

A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ≧0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ≧0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ≧0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Viscous carbohydrate compositions and methods for the production thereof

A viscous fluid comprising 2% wt to 25% wt water, at least 75% wt carbohydrate (calculated by 100×[carbohydrate/(carbohydrate weight+water weight)]), between 0% wt and 25% wt of a second organic solvent and between 10% wt and 55% wt HCl (calculated by 100×[HCl weight/HCl weight+water weight]), which second organic solvent is characterized by at least one of: (a2) having a polarity related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter between 0 and 15 MPa 1/2 ; (b2) having a Hydrogen bonding related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter between 0 and 20 MPa 1/2 ; and (c2) having a solubility in water of less than 15% and forming a heterogeneous azeotrope with water, wherein the weight/weight ratio of said second organic solvent to water is in the range of between 50 and 0.02, and wherein the solubility of water in said organic solvent is less than 20%.

Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin from Biomass Using Supercritical Fluids

Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.

Saccharide-solution producing apparatus, fermentation system, saccharide-solution producing method, and fermentation method

A saccharide-solution producing apparatus 11 A according to the present invention is a saccharide-solution producing apparatus for producing a saccharide solution 22 derived from a carbohydrate-based material 21 , and includes a saccharide-solution controlling unit 15 A that controls the saccharide solution derived from the carbohydrate-based material 21 , a cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit 16 that saccharifies hydrothermally treated biomass obtained by hydrothermally decomposing a cellulosic biomass material 35 that contains a lignin component and a hemicellulose component, and produces a diluted saccharide solution 37 , and a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L 11 that mixes the diluted saccharide solution 37 produced by the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit 16 into the saccharide-solution controlling unit 15 A. With this configuration, it is possible to improve production efficiency of the saccharide solution 22 and to realize cost reduction.

Method for producing saccharified solution

A method for producing a saccharified solution is provided, by which a saccharide recovered as a saccharified solution can be increased. The saccharified solution is obtained by treating a substrate solution containing lignocellulosic biomass as a substrate with a saccharifying enzyme produced by a microorganism to prepare a substrate/saccharifying enzyme mixture liquid, and removing a residue of the substrate from the substrate/saccharifying enzyme mixture liquid. The concentration of the substrate in the substrate/saccharifying enzyme mixture liquid is adjusted to be in the range of 15 to 30% by mass. In the removal of the residue of the substrate, a saccharide adsorbed on the residue is extracted.

Methods for the recovery of hcl and for the production of carbohydrates

The invention provides an organic phase composition comprising: a. a first component selected from the group consisting of quaternary amines; b. a second component selected from: b1. The group consisting of category B organic acids; b2. The group consisting of a mixtures of category B organic acids and category C organic acids at a B/C molar ratio of RB/C; and b3. The group consisting of a mixtures of category A organic acids and category C organic acids at an A/C molar ratio of RA/C; c. a third component selected from the group consisting of solvents for said first component and for said second component, wherein (i) all three components are oil-soluble and water-insoluble; (ii) the molar concentration of each of said first component and said second component is greater than 0.6 mol/Kg; (iii) the molar ratio between said second component and said first component is greater than 0.9; (iv) RB/C and RA/c are greater than 2; (v) category A organic acids are selected from the group consisting of poly-aromatic sulfonic acids, naphthalene sulfonic acids and acids with a pKa in the range within +/−0.5 pKa units of that of naphthalene sulfonic acid; (vi) category B organic acids are selected from the group consisting of mono-aromatic sulfonic acids, benzene sulfonic acids, and acids with a pKa in the range within +/−0.5 pKa units of that of benzene sulfonic acid; and (vii) category C organic acids are selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid esters and acids with a pKa in the range within +/−0.5 pKa units of that of di-octyl esters of phosphoric acid.

Fine fibrous cellulosic material and process for producing the same

To provide a fine fibrous cellulosic material capable of producing a saccharide in a high yield by hydrolysis; to provide a process for producing the fine fibrous cellulosic material from a cellulosic material; and to provide a process for producing the saccharide using the fine fibrous cellulosic material. The present invention is the fine fibrous cellulosic material containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which the fine fibrous cellulosic material has a width of 1 μm or less and a length of 5,000 μm or less and is used for glycation reaction by hydrolysis.

Pretreatment Method for Producing Water-Soluble Sugars From Lignocellulosic Material

The invention relates to manufacturing hydrolyzable cellulose and further, if desired, sugars from lignocellulosic material by means of formic and performic acid treatment.

UNIVERSAL BIOMASS REFINERY

The invention is directed to a process for refining prepared biomass to produce hemicellulose hydrolyzates, cellulose or sugars involving the perforate at least a portion of the cells of the prepared biomass prior to hydrolyzing the biomass, reclaiming the catalysts used in hydrolysis for further hydrolysis, and drying the hydrolysis using reclaimed heat from previous steps in the process. 149-. (canceled)50. A process for refining biomass , the process comprising the steps of: (i) forming a first slurry from the biomass having a first solids portion comprising hemicellulose and cellulose, and having a first liquid portion;', '(ii) adding an alkaline catalyst and applying heat and either mechanical shear or cavitation to the first slurry;', '(iii) mechanically separating the first solids portion from the first liquid portion; and', '(iv) combining the first liquid portion with additional biomass and repeating steps (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) until a threshold concentration of extractable products in the first liquid extraction is achieved;, 'a. performing a first hemicellulose hydrolysis by (i) combining the first solids portion and a catalyst in a second slurry having a second solids portion comprising cellulose, and a second liquids portion comprising hemicellulose hydrolyzates in solution, and applying mechanical shear or cavitation to the second slurry;', '(ii) mechanically separating the second solids portion from the second liquid portion;', '(iii) recovering the catalyst from the second liquid portion;', '(iv) repeating steps (b)(i) and (b)(ii), using, in step (b)(i) the second solids portion recovered in step (b)(ii) as the first solids portion and the catalyst recovered in step (b)(iii), adding additional catalyst or fresh biomass to maintain a minimum specified concentration of catalyst., 'b. performing a second hemicellulose hydrolysis by51. The process of claims 50 , wherein the first solids portion or the second solids portion comprise lignin claims 50 , ...

Low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, methods of making, and applications thereof

The invention provides a low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, methods of making such a low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, and uses of such syrup.

Solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate and methods to prepare a solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate

The present disclosure provides a solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate and methods to prepare the solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate from a woody biomass or an herbaceous biomass. The solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate may be used in the production of biofuels, bioproducts, and food products. The solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate allows for ease of storage, ease of transportation and handling of the solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate, and ease of use in biological or fermentation processes or chemical processes for the production of biofuel, bioproducts, chemicals and food products due to the bulk handling characteristics (e.g., solubility and rate of dissolution) of the solid lignocellulosic hydrolysate.

Simultaneous Hydrolysis Refine Method Of Cellulose Biomass

A method of refining cellulosic biomass, including synchronous hydrolyzation of at least 85 wt % organic polymers, based on the total weight of the cellulosic biomass, in the cellulosic biomass into small molecular organic compounds. The synchronous hydrolyzation is catalytic hydrolyzation for which the catalyst used is a substance represented by L-M-S-H or L-M=S, wherein “M” represents metal, carbon or silicon, “S” represents a heteroatom, “L” represents one or more ligands, and “H” represents hydrogen.

Method and apparatus of hydrolytic saccharification of cellulosic biomass

The hydrolytic saccharification method and hydrolytic saccharification apparatus according to the present invention use a hydraulic cylinder-type pressurized reactor as a reactor for causing cellulosic biomass to be in a supercritical or subcritical state, and use a hydraulic cylinder-type steam compressor as a source of superheated steam, such that the reactor and the compressor are operated in conjunction with each other. Surplus hydraulic pressure that is generated when hydrolysis of the cellulosic biomass is completed is recovered as compression power of the hydraulic cylinder-type steam compressor. Moreover, flash steam generated from slurry containing a hydrolysate is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder-type steam compressor for cyclic use of the flash steam.

METHOD OF PRODUCING SUGARS USING A COMBINATION OF ACIDS TO SELECTIVELY HYDROLYZE HEMICELLULOSIC AND CELLULOSIC MATERIALS

A method is provided for producing sugars using a combination of acids to hydrolyze hemicellulosic and cellulosic materials in biomass, said combination of acids namely comprising a first, weak organic acid (such as acetic acid or formic acid) for providing a pentose product or stream from hydrolyzing hemicellulosic materials in the biomass on a batchwise, semi-continuous or continuous basis, and a second, strong mineral acid (such as sulfuric acid) for providing a hexose product or stream from hydrolyzing cellulosic materials in the biomass. 1. A method of processing a lignocellulosic biomass including cellulose , hemicellulose and lignin fractions , comprising the steps of:applying a weak organic acid to the biomass to at least partly depolymerize the hemicellulosic and lignin materials in the biomass;drying the weak-acid treated biomass to provide a sufficiently high solids content material as to be pelletized;pelletizing the material from the drying step; andshipping the pelletized material to a second location;at the second location, recovering a cellulosic solids product from the pelletized material; andcontacting the cellulosic solids so isolated with a strong mineral acid to hydrolyze the same and provide a hexose product or stream.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic solids product is recovered from the pelletized material by solvent washing the pelletized material in one or more iterations with filtration claim 1 , whereby the at least partly depolymerized hemicellulosic and lignin materials from the pelletized material are separated together from the remaining cellulosic solids.3. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising claim 2 , in one or more iterations claim 2 , washing the at least partly depolymerized hemicellulosic and lignin materials with filtering to separate water-insoluble lignin solids from water-soluble hemicellulosic materials.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least partly depolymerized ...

Method for dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks

The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of a lignocellulosic feedstock involving acid pretreatment. The process comprises the steps of treating the lignocellulosic feedstock with alkali at a pH of between about 8.0 and about 12.0 so as to dissolve acetyl groups present on said lignocellulosic feedstock, while converting less than about 10% of the xylan present in the lignocellulosic feedstock to xylose and less than about 10% of the cellulose to glucose, thereby producing an alkali conditioned feedstock. The alkali conditioned feedstock is then pretreated at a temperature of about 160° C. to about 250° C., at a pH of about 0.5 to about 2.5 for about 0.5 to about 10 minutes so as to hydrolyze about 80 to 100% of the xylan and about 3 to about 15% of the cellulose to produce an acid pretreated feedstock comprising cellulose. The cellulose in the pretreated feedstock can be hydrolyzed to glucose with cellulase and the glucose can be fermented to produce a fermentation product.

Pre-Treatment of Cellulosic Material

A method of pre-treating a cellulosic material before hydrolysis is provided. The method comprises the steps of: impregnating the cellulosic material with a reactive water-soluble gas, such as sulphur dioxide (SO) or carbon dioxide (CO), in an impregnation chamber to obtain impregnated material; and heating the impregnated material to obtain pre-treated material, wherein the cellulosic material is compressed right before or when it is transferred to the impregnation chamber. A corresponding system is also provided. 1. Method of pre-treating a cellulosic material before hydrolysis , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a) impregnating the cellulosic material with a reactive water-soluble gas, such as sulphur dioxide (SO) or carbon dioxide (CO), in an impregnation chamber to obtain impregnated material; and'}b) heating the impregnated material to obtain pre-treated material, wherein the cellulosic material is compressed right before or when it is transferred to the impregnation chamber.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure in the impregnation chamber is 0.5-15 bar claim 1 , such as 0.5-10 bar claim 1 , such as 0.5-5.0 bar claim 1 , such as 0.7-3.0 bar claim 1 , such as 0.8-1.5 bar.3. Method according to or claim 1 , wherein temperature of the impregnation is 5-120° C.4. Method according to any one of the previous claims claim 1 , wherein the impregnation chamber contains gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO(g)) or carbon dioxide (CO(g)).5. Method according to any one of the previous claims claim 1 , wherein SOis employed.6. Method according to claim 5 , wherein the pressure in the impregnation chamber is 0.5-10 bar claim 5 , such as such as 0.5-5.0 bar claim 5 , such as 0.7-3.0 bar claim 5 , such as 0.8-1.5 bar.7. Method according to or claim 5 , wherein 0.1-10% (w/w) SOis added per dry matter of cellulosic material.84. Method according to any one of - claims 1 , wherein COis employed.9. Method according to claim 8 , wherein the pressure in the impregnation ...

METHOD OF TREATING ETHANOL PRODUCTION BYPRODUCTS

A method of treating ethanol production byproduct is provided by treating wet distillers grain or stillage with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid to produce at least one fermentable sugar containing product. Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels or ethanol can be produced from such methods. The α-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the product and recycled. 1. A method of treating ethanol production byproduct comprising: (a) providing a wet distillers grain; and (b) contacting the wet distillers grain with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid thereby hydrolyzing the wet distillers grain to produce at least one fermentable sugar containing product.2. The method of further comprising (c) removing the α-hydroxysulfonic acid from the product by heating and/or reducing pressure to produce an acid-removed product containing at least one fermentable sugar substantially free of the α-hydroxysulfonic acid.3. The method of further comprising recycling the removed α-hydroxysulfonic acid to step (b) as components or in its recombined form.4. The method of further comprising fermenting the acid-removed product thereby producing at least one alcohol.5. The method of further comprising hydrolyzing the acid-removed product.6. The method of further comprising fermenting the thus-hydrolyzed product thereby producing at least one alcohol.7. The method of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is present in an amount of from about 1% wt. to about 55% wt. claim 1 , based on the solution.8. The method of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is produced from a carbonyl compound or a precursor to a carbonyl compound with sulfur dioxide and water.9. The method of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is in-situ generated.10. The method of wherein step (b) is carried out at a temperature within the range of about 50° C. to about 150° C. and a pressure within the range of 1 barg to about 10 barg.11. A method comprising: (a) ...

METHOD FOR TREATING, PRESSING AND WASHING BIOMASS

A method to process cellulosic material in a treatment vessel including: introducing the cellulosic material to a processing chamber of the vessel; adding heat energy or pressure to the vessel to hydrolyze the cellulosic material in the processing chamber and dissolve hemi-cellulosic from the cellulosic material; compressing the cellulosic material in the processing chamber; extracting the dissolved hemi-cellulosic material through a screen from the processing section; draining the extracted hemi-cellulosic material from the vessel; and discharging the cellulosic material from the vessel separately from the extracted hemi-cellulosic material. 1. A method to process cellulosic material in a treatment vessel comprising:introducing the cellulosic material to a processing chamber of the vessel;adding heat energy or pressure to the vessel to hydrolyze the cellulosic material in the processing chamber and dissolve hemi-cellulosic from the cellulosic material;compressing the cellulosic material in the processing chamber;extracting the dissolved hemi-cellulosic material through a screen from the processing section during or after the compression of the cellulosic material;draining the extracted hemi-cellulosic material from the vessel; anddischarging the cellulosic material from the vessel separately from the extracted hemi-cellulosic material.2. The method of wherein the step of compressing is performed with a pressing device advancing in the vessel to reduce a volume of the processing section3. The method of further comprising crumbling the cellulosic material after being compressed.4. The method of wherein the crumbling step is performed using a mixer in the vessel.515. The method of wherein the addition of heat energy or pressure includes injection to the vessel of steam at a pressure of at least . bar gauge.6. The method of wherein the discharging of the cellulosic material includes discharging the material to a high pressure reactor.7. The method of further comprising ...

TREATING BIOMASS TO PRODUCE MATERIALS USEFUL FOR BIOFUELS

Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels can be produced from biomass by contacting the biomass with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid. The α-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the product and recycled. 131.-. (canceled)32. A method comprising:(a) providing a biomass containing polysaccharides;(b) providing ethanol;(c) converting at least a portion of ethanol to acetaldehyde thereby producing an acetaldehyde containing products;(d) contacting said acetaldehyde with SO2 and water to produce α-hydroxysulfonic acid;(e) contacting the biomass with a solution containing said α-hydroxysulfonic acid thereby hydrolyzing the biomass to produce at least one fermentable sugar containing product;(f) removing the α-hydroxysulfonic acid in its component form from the fermentable sugar containing product by heating and/or reducing pressure to produce an acid-removed product containing at least one fermentable sugar substantially free of the α-hydroxysulfonic acid.33. The method of further comprising (g) separating a liquid stream containing said fermentable sugar and a wet solid stream containing remaining biomass from the acid-removed product.34. The method of further comprising (h) hydrolyzing the wet solid stream thereby producing a sugar stream.35. The method of further comprising (i) fermenting the sugar stream thereby producing fermented products comprising ethanol.36. The method of wherein ethanol is provided from the fermented products.37. The method of wherein the removed α-hydroxysulfonic acid as components is recycled to step (b) as components or in its recombined form.38. The method of wherein the removed α-hydroxysulfonic acid as components is recycled to step (b) as components or in its recombined form.39. The method of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is present in an amount of from about 1% wt. to about 55% wt. claim 32 , based on the solution.40. The method of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is present in an ...

Manufacturing method for sugar solution and device for same

A method produces a sugar liquid by repeating a sugar liquid production process including (1) to (3): (1) adding a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to cellulose to perform primary hydrolysis; (2) adding a fresh filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to the hydrolysate in Step (1) to perform secondary hydrolysis; and (3) subjecting the hydrolysate in Step (2) to solid-liquid separation to obtain a sugar liquid, from which a recovered enzyme is obtained; wherein the recovered enzyme obtained in Step (3) is used for Step (1) of the next and later sugar liquid production processes.

Hypersulfated disaccharides to treat elastase related disorders

Hypersulfated disaccharides of formula I and other hypersulfated disaccharides disclosed herein are used to treat diseases or conditions associated with human neutrophil elastase imbalances. The disaccharides and/or intermediates useful to prepare such compounds are prepared from heparin. The diseases and conditions which are treated with a compound of formula I include chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). The formulations are delivered to the lungs in an aerosol formulation or dry powder means or via nebulization. Oral forms are also suitable.

SUGAR AERATION CLARIFIER

A sugar aeration clarifier includes: multi-stage flocculator having a chemical injection port an aeration mixing chamber; a separation tank having an inlet distributor, separator plate pack, effluent discharge weir, and inclined sludge plate; an adjustable height clear well riser overflowing into a clear well; an aeration injector recirculating clarified sugar syrup from the clear well to the aeration mixing chamber; and a skimmer to remove agglomerated retentate from the separation tank surface over the sludge plate into a sludge collector portion. 1. An apparatus for clarifying sugar syrup , comprising:a separation tank having a volume defined by a bottom wall, opposed first and second end walls each extending from a bottom portion connected to the bottom wall to a top portion, and opposed parallel first and second side walls each extending from a bottom portion connected to the bottom wall to a top portion;a sludge plate extending transversely from the first to the second side walls and extending longitudinally from an interior region of the separation tank at a height below the liquid operating level of the apparatus to at least the upper edge of the separation tank second end wall, the sludge plate oriented at an inclined angle from horizontal;a flocculator portion having an inlet, an outlet in fluid communication with the separation tank, an aeration mixing chamber disposed between the flocculator inlet and outlet, an aeration injection port proximate an upstream end of the aeration mixing chamber, and a chemical injection port disposed between the flocculator inlet and the aeration injection port;one or more effluent weirs mounted within the separation tank at a depth proximate the bottom portions of the first and second side walls but set off from the bottom wall, each of the one or more effluent weirs having an enclosed top portion, a bottom inlet, and a discharge in fluid communication with a clear well riser;a clear well adjacent to the separation tank, ...

FIBER-CONTAINING CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION

A food product comprises an oligosaccharide composition that is digestion resistant or slowly digestible. The oligosaccharide composition can be produced by a process that comprises producing an aqueous composition that comprises at least one oligosaccharide and at least one monosaccharide by saccharification of starch, membrane filtering the aqueous composition to form a monosaccharide-rich stream and an oligosaccharide-rich stream, and recovering the oligosaccharide-rich stream. Alternatively, the oligosaccharide composition can be produced by a process that comprises heating an aqueous feed composition that comprises at least one monosaccharide or linear saccharide oligomer, and that has a solids concentration of at least about 70% by weight, to a temperature of at least about 40° C., and contacting the feed composition with at least one catalyst that accelerates the rate of cleavage or formation of glucosyl bonds for a time sufficient to cause formation of non-linear saccharide oligomers, wherein a product composition is produced that contains a higher concentration of non-linear saccharide oligomers than linear saccharide oligomers. 1. A carbohydrate composition comprising linear saccharide oligomers and non-linear saccharide oligomers , a sugar content of from about 5% to about 25% on a dry solids basis , a content of higher molecular weight polysaccharides sufficiently low such that the carbohydrate composition has a viscosity of less than about 16 ,000 cP at 100° F. and 75% dry solids , and from about 10% to about 70% fiber on a dry solids basis.2. The carbohydrate composition of claim 1 , comprising about 25 to about 40% fiber on a dry solids basis.3. The carbohydrate composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate composition has a DE of from about 23 to about 30.4. The carbohydrate composition of claim 1 , comprising about 10% to about 17% by weight sugar on a dry solids basis.5. The carbohydrate composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate ...

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning is provided. The system includes a first evaporator, a hydrolysis unit, at least one lignin separation device, a neutralization device, a precipitate removal device, a solvent extraction unit, a lignin removal and recovery unit, an acid and furfural separation and conditioning unit, and an electrodialysis device, which process a quantity of hardwood mix to produce a desalinated solution containing sugar.

SOLUBLE SUGARS PRODUCED ACCORDING TO A PROCESS OF NON-AQUEOUS SOLID ACID CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS

The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to processes for the non-aqueous hydrolysis of cellulose-containing material, and, more particularly but without limitation, to processes for the non-aqueous hydrolysis of cellulose-containing material into soluble sugars using a solid acid material as a catalyst. Further, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to non-aqueous and/or powdered soluble sugars and reaction products containing such non-aqueous and/or powdered soluble sugars produced according to a non-aqueous hydrolysis of cellulose-containing material using a solid acid material as a catalyst. 1. A reaction product produced by a non-aqueous hydrolysis reaction of a cellulose-containing material and a solid acid material.2. A method for the production of a reaction product , comprising the step of hydrolytically reacting a solid acid material and a cellulose-containing material in a non-aqueous environment for a period of time to sufficient to produce the reaction product.3. The reaction product of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product comprises at least 70% by weight of soluble sugars selected from the group consisting of glucose claim 1 , xylose claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The reaction product of claim 2 , wherein the reaction product comprises at least 70% by weight of soluble sugars selected from the group consisting of glucose claim 2 , xylose claim 2 , and combinations thereof. The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 12/621,741, filed Nov. 19, 2009, entitled “SOLID ACID CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS”; which claims priority to PCT/US08/082,386, filed Nov. 5, 2008; which claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 11/935,712, filed Nov. 6, 2007, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,062,428; the entire contents of each of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. The present application also claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. ...

Methods for Producing a Fermentation Product from Lignocellulose-Containing Material

The present invention provides a method for producing a fermentation product from lignocellulose-containing material, a method for converting lignocellulose-containing material into a hydrolyzate comprising mono- and oligo-saccharides, and a method for treating lignocellulose-containing material, all of which comprise the step of mixing an acid pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material and an alkaline pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material. The present invention further provides a fermentation product made according to the method for producing a fermentation product.

PRODUCTION OF FERMENTABLE SUGARS AND LIGNIN FROM BIOMASS USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS

Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor. 1. A method for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising: [{'sub': '2', 'wherein said first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid comprises water and, optionally, CO; and'}, {'sub': 1', '5, 'wherein said first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid is substantially free of C-Calcohol; and'}], 'a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction;'} [{'sub': '2', 'wherein said second supercritical or near-critical fluid comprises water and, optionally, CO; and'}, {'sub': 1', '5, 'wherein said second supercritical or near-critical fluid is substantially free of C-Calcohols.'}], 'a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix is contacted with a second supercritical or near-critical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and an insoluble lignin-containing fraction;'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said first supercritical claim 1 , near-critical claim 1 , or sub-critical fluid and said second supercritical or near-critical fluid comprises less than about 10% carbon dioxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pretreatment step occurs at a temperature and pressure below the critical point of at least one component of said first supercritical claim 1 , near- ...

METHOD FOR THE ACID-CATALYZED DEPOLYMERIZATION OF CELLULOSE

A method for the acid-catalyzed depolymerization of cellulose comprises a mechanical treatment of cellulose in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic acid. The catalytic conversion of cellulose into water-soluble products is virtually completely achieved in that celluoligomers, cellubiose, glucose and glycerol are obtained without significant byproduction. 1. A method for the acid-catalyzed depolymerization of cellulose , said method comprising mechanically treating cellulose-containing material in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic acid in a catalytic amount , wherein the mechanically treating the cellulose with an acid is preceded by treating the cellulose with a mixture of said acid in a solvent and removing the solvent before the mechanically treating whereby the mechanically treating comprises grinding wherein the millbase is comminuted using grinding media.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the acid has a pKa value of −14 to 2.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inorganic acid is selected from sulfuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , haloalkanecarboxylic acids claim 1 , phosphotungstic acid and mixtures thereof4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic acid is selected from benzenesulfonic acid claim 1 , p-toluenesulfonic acid claim 1 , nitrobenzenesulfonic acids claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonic acid claim 1 , or derivatives thereof claim 1 , methanesulfonic acid claim 1 , maleic acid claim 1 , oxalic acid claim 1 , haloalkanecarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inorganic acid is used in an amount of 0.0001 to 6.2 mmol per g of cellulose-containing material.68-. (canceled)9. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein a mill is used claim 5 , and the mill is selected from swing mills claim 5 , stirred mills claim 5 , stirred-media mills and ball mills.10. (canceled)11. The ...

Processes and apparatus for producing fermentable sugars and low-ash biomass for combustion at reduced emissions

This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing hemicellulosic sugars and low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution; and recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products include fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin.

PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ENERGY-DENSE BIOMASS FOR COMBUSTION AND FERMENTABLE SUGARS FROM THE BIOMASS

This invention provides processes to convert biomass into energy-dense biomass for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing fermentable sugars and energy-dense biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising extracting the feedstock with steam and/or hot water to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; separating the extract liquor, to produce dewatered cellulose-rich solids; hydrolyzing the dewatered cellulose-rich solids, thereby removing a portion of the cellulose, to produce intermediate solids (with higher energy density) and a hydrolysate; drying the intermediate solids to produce energy-dense biomass; and recovering fermentable sugars from the hydrolysate. The energy-dense biomass may be pelletized into biomass pellets, which may have a similar energy density as torrefied pellets from wood. The hemicellulosic oligomers may be further hydrolyzed to produce additional fermentable sugars. The fermentable sugars may be fermented to ethanol or another product. 1. A process for producing energy-dense biomass and fermentable sugars from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) extracting said feedstock with steam and/or hot water under effective extraction conditions to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids;(c) separating at least a portion of said cellulose-rich solids from said extract liquor, to produce dewatered cellulose-rich solids;(d) hydrolyzing said dewatered cellulose-rich solids, thereby removing a portion of cellulose contained therein, to produce intermediate solids and a hydrolysate;(e) drying said intermediate solids to produce energy-dense biomass; and(f) recovering fermentable sugars from said hydrolysate.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said extraction solution comprises steam in ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIO-BASED PRODUCT FROM STRAW HEMICELLULOSE AND FULLY UTILIZING THE COMPONENTS THEREOF

Provided is a process for producing biomass-based product from straw hemicellulose and utilizing the components thereof thoroughly. Steam-explosion and acid-hydrolysis are combined in the pre-treatment of straw in the process, thus a higher concentration of a sugar liquid can be obtained, and furfural and acetic acid can be recovered. The hemicellulose obtained by the pre-treatment can be used directly as ferment materials for producing butanol, succinic acid, butylene glycol, lactic acid, hydrogen and firedamp, which reduces the cost of these biomass-based products. The cellulose and lignin obtained by extracting the straw with an alkaline solution can produce products, such as sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose etc. In the process, all components in the straw can be utilized thoroughly and waste and pollutant will not be produced. 110.-. (canceled)11. A process for producing a bio-based product from straw hemicellulose and fully utilizing the components thereof , comprising the steps of:1) pretreating straw, wherein the straw is soaked in water, wherein the mass ratio of straw to water is from 1:1 to 1:3, the a soaking temperature is from 15° C. to 90° C., and the soaking period is from 10 mins to 60 mins;2) conducting steam explosion, wherein the straw soaked in step 1) is fed into a steam-explosion tank, and maintained under a steam-explosion pressure for a steam-explosion period; then the steam-exploded straw material is released, wherein the steam-explosion pressure is from 0.3 MPa to 2.0 MPa, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 MPa, and the pressure maintenance period is from 1 min to 10 mins;3) performing an acid treatment, wherein the steam-exploded straw material obtained in step 2) is fed into an acid-hydrolysis tank pre-filled with a 0.8 to 1.6% dilute acid and subjected to acid hydrolysis to generate a hydrolyzed material, wherein in the acid-hydrolysis tank, the mass ratio of the steam-exploded straw to the dilute acid is from 1:2 to 1:7, the reaction temperature is ...

SACCHARIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

An efficient process for saccharifying lignocellulosic biomass in concentrated aqueous solutions of certain bromine salts, particularly LiBr and CaBr. Real lignocellulose biomass, such as corn stover, switchgrass, waste paper, hardwood, and softwood, can be hydrolyzed without the need for any prior pretreatment. Complete saccharification of both cellulose and hemicellulose is achieved within 5-200 min at temperatures ranging from about 100 to about 160° C. Residual lignin is readily separated from product sugars by filtration or centrifugation and can be used to prepare beneficial coproducts. The bromine salt can be recovered and separated from product sugars (predominantly monosaccharides) by any art-known method and in particular solvent extraction, anti-solvent precipitation, ion-exclusion chromatography and/or ion-exchange chromatography can be employed. Hydrolysis product containing sugars can be employed for in fermentation for the production of value added products or useful fuels. 1. A method for solubilizing and/or hydrolyzing lignocellulosic material which comprises the step of contacting the lignocellulosic material with an aqueous solution of a bromine salt wherein the bromine salt is present in the solution at a concentration of 40-80% by weight of the solution at temperatures ranging from 100-160° C.2. The method of wherein the aqueous solution further comprises acid at a concentration of 1M of less.3. The method of wherein the acid concentration is less than 0.5M.4. The method of wherein the acid is an inorganic acid.5. The method of wherein the acid is HCl or HSO.6. The method of wherein the bromine salt is LiBr or CaBr.7. The method of wherein the concentration of bromine salt ranges from 55 to 65% by weight.8. The method of wherein the temperatures range from 100 to 130° C.9. The method of wherein the volume:weight ratio of solution to lignocellulosic material ranges from 10:1 to 1:1.10. A method for obtaining sugars from lignocellulosic materials ...

Method for producing concentrated aqueous sugar solution

A method produces a concentrated aqueous sugar solution using a cellulose-containing biomass as a raw material, including: (1) hydrolyzing a cellulose-containing biomass to produce an aqueous sugar solution; (2) filtering the aqueous sugar solution obtained in (1) through a microfiltration membrane and/or an ultrafiltration membrane, and recovering an aqueous sugar solution from the permeate side; and (3) filtering the aqueous sugar solution obtained in (2) through a reverse osmosis membrane, recovering a permeate from the permeate side and recovering a concentrated aqueous sugar solution from the feed side; wherein at least a part of the permeate from the reverse osmosis membrane is used as a hydrothermal treatment liquid, biomass-suspending, liquid, enzyme-diluting liquid, acid-diluting liquid and/or alkali-diluting liquid in (1).

Processes for Extraction of Sugar From Sugar-Bearing Plant Material

The invention provides processes for the extraction of sugar from sugar-bearing plant material such as sugar cane. Accordingly, in one aspect of the invention, a process for extracting sugar from sugar-bearing plant material comprises contacting the sugar-bearing plant material with an extractant solution comprising water and a surfactant; and separating the extractant solution from the sugar-bearing plant material. One example of a suitable surfactant is a poly(alkylene oxide) polymer such as a poly(propylene oxide) polymer, a poly(ethylene oxide) polymer, or a poly(propylene oxide)/(ethylene oxide) copolymer. 1. A process for extracting sugar from sugar-bearing plant material , the process comprising:contacting the sugar-bearing plant material with an extractant solution comprising water and a surfactant; andseparating the extractant solution from the sugar-bearing plant material.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the extractant solution consists essentially of water claim 1 , surfactant claim 1 , optionally a solvent claim 1 , and optionally sugar-bearing plant material juice.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sugar-bearing plant material is sugar cane material.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the sugar cane material is sugar cane bagasse.5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising grinding claim 1 , milling claim 1 , chopping claim 1 , pulping claim 1 , shredding or macerating the sugar-bearing plant material before contacting it with the extractant solution.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sugar-bearing plant material is ground claim 1 , milled claim 1 , chopped claim 1 , pulped claim 1 , shredded or macerated while it is being contacted with the extractant solution.7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising grinding claim 1 , milling claim 1 , chopping claim 1 , pulping claim 1 , shredding or macerating the sugar-bearing plant material before contacting it with the extractant solution claim 1 , and wherein the sugar-bearing plant ...

Method For The Dissolving And Rapid Hydrolyzing Of Lignocellulose Biomass, Device Thereof And Use Of the Same

A method for the dissolving and rapid hydrolyzing of the lignocellulose biomass and the device thereof are disclosed. The lignocellulose biomass is put in the pure water and rapidly heated to 330˜403° C., and then 89˜99% of the lignocellulose biomass is dissolved and rapidly hydrolyzed to saccharide in 3.38˜21.79 s. The following hydrolysis reaction can be carried out under the homogeneous phase condition for the dissolving of the lignocellulose biomass. At the same time, the solvated biomass could be easily used in the high pressure flow reactor to continuously pretreat the biomass and hydrolyze for producing saccharide, other biofuel and product. The present invention doesn't need any catalyst and doesn't pollute the environment, furthermore the process is simple and the cost is low, and it belongs to green, continuable industry encouraged by the state, and a good prospect of market application could be taken on. 1. A method for dissolving and rapidly hydrolyzing lignocellulose biomass , comprising the following steps:(1) placing the lignocellulose biomass in pure water in a solid/liquid volume ratio of 0.003˜1.05:1;{'b': '330˜403° C.;', '(2) heating pure water to a temperature of'}{'sup': '3', '(3) mixing the products obtained in steps (1) and (2) and putting the resultant mixture into a reactor, while keeping the biomass concentration in the mixture at 0.1˜51.5%, setting the pressure at 19˜416 MPa or water density at 523˜905 kg/m, and heating the mixture to 330˜403° C. at a heating rate of 7˜10° C./s, whereby 89˜99% of the lignocellulose biomass is hydrolyzed.'}2. (canceled)3. A device for rapidly hydrolyzing lignocellulose biomass , characterized in that a pure water vessel is connected to a feed inlet of a reactor via a high pressure pump; a preheater is installed between the high pressure pump and the feed inlet of the reactor; a biomass material vessel is connected to a pure water pipe at the feed inlet of the reactor via a high pressure slurry pump; a ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING ENERGY-DENSE BIOMASS AND SUGARS OR SUGAR DERIVATIVES, BY INTEGRATED HYDROLYSIS AND TORREFACTION

This invention provides processes to convert biomass into energy-dense biomass for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. In some variations, biomass is extracted to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and cellulose-rich solids; hemicellulosic oligomers are removed; and the cellulose-rich solids are torrefied to produce energy-dense biomass. In some embodiments, hydrotorrefaction is employed to produce hydrophobic, energy-dense biomass in an energy-efficient process that avoids intermediate drying between extraction/hydrolysis and torrefaction. The energy-dense biomass may be pelletized or directly combusted or gasified. The hemicellulosic oligomers may be hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars and then fermented to ethanol or other products, or further reacted to produce furfural or other products. 1. A process for producing energy-dense biomass and fermentable sugars from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) extracting said feedstock with steam and/or hot water under effective extraction conditions to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids;(c) separating at least a portion of said hemicellulosic oligomers from said cellulose-rich solids, to produce intermediate solids;(d) torrefying said intermediate solids to produce said energy-dense biomass;(e) hydrolyzing said hemicellulosic oligomers into fermentable sugars; and(f) recovering said fermentable sugars.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (d) utilizes hydrotorrefaction.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said extraction solution comprises pressurized hot water.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said extraction solution further contains sulfur dioxide claim 1 , sulfurous acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) includes washing said cellulose-rich solids using an ...

CONTINUOUS OR SEMI-CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR TREATING BIOMASS TO PRODUCE MATERIALS USEFUL FOR BIOFUELS

Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels is produced from biomass in a continuous or semi-continuous manner by providing pumpable biomass. 2. The process of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is present in an amount of from about 1% wt. to about 55% wt. claim 1 , based on the solution.3. The process of wherein the biomass solution contains greater than about 5 wt % of fermentable sugar.4. The process of wherein the biomass content in the biomass solution is less than about 20 wt %.5. The process of wherein the biomass content in the biomass solution is less than about 15 wt %.6. The process of wherein the biomass content in the biomass solution is about 10 wt % or less.7. The process of wherein the separation of step (d) is by centrifugal force.8. The process of wherein the separation of step (d) is by filtration.9. The process of wherein the separation of step (d) is by decantation.10. The process of further separating a C5 stream from the liquid stream.11. The process of wherein the hexose content of the wet solid stream is greater than about 0.5 wt % based on the wet solid stream.12. The process of wherein the wet solid stream contains less than 0.5 wt % furfural.13. The process of wherein the wet solid stream contains less than 0.2 wt % furfural.14. The process of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is produced from (a) a carbonyl compound or a precursor to a carbonyl compound with (b) sulfur dioxide or a precursor to sulfur dioxide and (c) water.15. The process of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is in-situ generated.16. The process of wherein the biomass is contacted with the α-hydroxysulfonic acid at a temperature of 120° C. or less.17. The process of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is produced from (a) a carbonyl compound or a precursor to a carbonyl compound with (b) sulfur dioxide or a precursor to sulfur dioxide and (c) water.18. The process of wherein the α-hydroxysulfonic acid is in-situ generated.19. The process of wherein the at ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HEMICELLULOSE SUGARS AND ENERGY FROM BIOMASS

A method for the production of alcohol and other bioproducts hemicelluloses extracted from biomass prior to thermal conversion of the biomass to energy. The process can be integrated with the host plant process to minimize the energy loss from extracting hemicelluloses. Also disclosed is a Stepwise enzymatic break down of cellulose fibers from a pulping operation which is performed with the redeployment of equipment and vessels contained within typical existing pulp and paper manufacturing mills. The preferred feedstock is highly delignified pulp from acid or alkaline pulping process or from bleaching stage. 1. A process for producing hemicellulose sugars and energy from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) extracting hemicelluloses from cellulosic biomass by a batch or continuous extraction reactor in the presence of steam, to produce a cellulose-rich solids stream and a liquid extract comprising water, wherein hemicelluloses and acetyl groups are released from said cellulosic biomass, and wherein said liquid extract contains at least 5 wt % solids;(b) hydrolyzing said liquid extract in the presence of sulfuric acid, heat, or enzymes, to produce a hydrolyzate comprising hemicellulose sugars and additional acetyl groups released during said hydrolyzing said liquid extract;(c) introducing said hydrolyzate to an evaporation stage, to produce a concentrated extract, wherein said evaporation stage is operated at a pH of 4.8 or less, wherein acetic acid obtained from said acetyl groups released from said cellulosic biomass and said additional acetyl groups released during said hydrolyzing said liquid extract, is evaporated from said evaporation stage, and wherein said concentrated extract comprises said hemicellulose sugars; and(d) recovering or further processing said hemicellulose sugars.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said extracting in step (a) utilizes a mineral acid.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said extracting in step (a) utilizes acetic acid ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUGAR SOLUTION

A method of producing a sugar liquid, includes filtering a cellulose-derived sugar liquid through one or more separation membranes selected from the group consisting of ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes, and washing the separation membrane(s) after filtration with warm water at a temperature of not less than 50° C. 18.-. (canceled)9. A method of producing a sugar liquid , comprising:filtering a cellulose-derived sugar liquid through one or more separation membranes selected from the group consisting of ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes, andwashing the separation membrane(s) after filtration with warm water at a temperature of not less than 50° C.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said warm water comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of HMF claim 9 , furfural claim 9 , coumaric acid claim 9 , ferulic acid claim 9 , coumaramide claim 9 , ferulamide and vanillin.11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said warm water is a filtrate obtained by passing a cellulose-derived sugar liquid through a nanofiltration membrane(s) and/or reverse osmosis membrane(s).12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the temperature of said warm water is 75 to 90° C.13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said cellulose-derived sugar liquid is a cellulose-derived sugar liquid filtered through a microfiltration membrane(s).14. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the pH of said warm water is 9 to 12.15. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said separation membrane(s) is/are washed by cross-flow filtration of said warm water through the separation membrane(s).16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein linear velocity of said warm water on a surface of the membrane is 5 to 50 cm/sec.17. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said warm water is a filtrate obtained by passing a cellulose-derived sugar liquid through a ...

REACTION APPARATUS AND METHOD USING SUPERCRITICAL WATER OR SUBCRITICAL WATER

In a method and apparatus for producing a useful substance by allowing a fluid containing a biomass raw material to act on a supercritical water and/or subcritical water, the fluid containing a biomass raw material in a high concentration is efficiently mixed with the supercritical water and/or subcritical water, whereby the amount of tar and carbon particles produced as by-products is decreased and blockage and abrasion of a pipe and an equipment is suppressed, or it is possible to easily remove the by-products. 1. A reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water comprisinga cylindrical mixing flow path for mixing at least one raw material fluid selected from the group consisting of glycerin, cellulose, and lignin with at least one of a supercritical water and a subcritical water;at least two inlet flow paths for flowing the raw material fluid and the supercritical water or subcritical water into the mixing flow path;an outlet flow path for discharging a reaction solution mixed in the mixing flow path; andan agitation blade having a rotating shaft set on a center shaft of the mixing flow path.2. The reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water according to claim 1 , whereinthe rotating shaft is rotated by kinetic energy of the reaction solution.3. The reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water according to claim 1 , whereina magnet and a bearing fixed to the rotating shaft are provided;a magnet for rotating the magnet in a non-contact state by a magnetic force is provided outside the reaction apparatus; andan inlet flow path for flowing a cooling water therein at a pressure higher than a pressure of the mixing flow path and an outlet flow path are provided in a vessel having the magnet and the bearing fixed to the rotating shaft housed therein.4. The reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water according to claim 1 , whereina liquid contact part within the reaction apparatus, which ...

Method for producing sugar solution

A method produces a sugar liquid by adding a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to a pretreated product of cellulose to obtain a hydrolysate; adding waste molasses to said hydrolysate to obtain a mixed sugar liquid; and subjecting said mixed sugar liquid to solid-liquid separation and filtering the obtained solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane, to recover the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase as a non-permeate and to obtain a sugar liquid as a permeate.

Process and equipment for sugar crystallization by controlled cooling

A process is proposed for crystallizing, by progressively cooling, in multiple stages arranged in series in a crystallization vessel ( 10 ), a descending continuous flow of a saturated sucrose solution at a temperature from about 78° to about 120° C., each stage maintaining the sucrose solution being crystallized at a predetermined temperature, until reaching a temperature from about 25 to 40° C., obtaining substantially pure sucrose crystals. A suspension containing sugar seeds is introduced in the crystallizing equipment, in the first stage, jointly with the saturated sucrose solution of 1.05-1.15. In another embodiment of the invention, the saturated solution is fed and its temperature is controlled, already in the first stage of the vessel ( 10 ), to obtain a supersaturation between 1.05 and 1.15, inducing the formation of small crystals used as crystallization seeds.

PRE-TREATMENT METHOD FOR PLANT BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS REACTION RAW MATERIALS AND PLANT BIOMASS SACCHARIFICATION METHOD

The invention relates to: a pre-treatment method for plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw materials characterized in comprising a process for mixing a solid catalyst and solid substrate beforehand and grinding same simultaneously (grinding process); a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material pre-treated by said pre-treatment method; and a plant biomass saccharification method comprising a process for hydrolyzing said hydrolysis reaction raw material. The invention provides an efficient and practical pre-treatment method for plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw materials that can improve the saccharification yield and saccharide concentration of plant biomass hydrolysis reactions, a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material obtained therefrom, and a plant biomass saccharification method. 1. A pre-treatment method for a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material , comprising pulverization step that comprises preliminarily mixing and simultaneously pulverizing a solid catalyst and a solid substrate.2. The pre-treatment method for a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material according to claim 1 , in which the solid catalyst is a carbon material.3. The pre-treatment method for a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material according to claim 1 , in which the carbon material is alkali-activated carbon claim 1 , steam-activated carbon claim 1 , or mesoporous carbon.4. The pre-treatment method for a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material according to claim 1 , in which the solid substrate is a polysaccharide derived from a plant biomass.5. The pre-treatment method for a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material according to claim 1 , in which the pulverization step is carried out using a tumbling ball mill claim 1 , a vibrating ball mill claim 1 , a mixing mill claim 1 , or a planetary ball mill.6. The pre-treatment method for a plant biomass hydrolysis reaction raw material according to claim 1 , in which a median diameter of a mixture ...

SUPERCRITICAL HYDROLYSIS OF BIOMASS

Methods are disclosed for processing biomass by single-stage supercritical hydrolysis, wherein the biomass has been size reduced. 1. A method , comprising:size reducing a starting lignocellulosic biomass to form a lignocellulosic biomass having a particle size less than about 500 μm; water; and', 'said lignocellulosic biomass having a particle size less than about 500 μm; and, 'forming a mixture comprising{'sub': 5', '6, 'contacting water at a temperature of at least about 374° C. and a pressure of at least about 221 bar with said mixture for a duration sufficient to produce at least one Cor Csaccharide;'}wherein said mixture is substantially free of exogenous acid.2. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said size reducing comprises steam exploding said starting lignocellulosic biomass optionally in the presence of a chemical selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and combinations thereof3. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said size reducing comprises comminuting said starting lignocellulosic biomass.4. The method of claim 1 ,{'sub': 1', '5, 'wherein said mixture is substantially free of CCalcohol.'}5. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said starting lignocellulosic biomass is in the form of logs.6. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said starting lignocellulosic biomass is substantially free of acid functionality.7. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said starting lignocellulosic biomass is substantially stable to autohydrolysis.8. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said lignocellulosic biomass is derived from hardwood, softwood, agricultural residue, grass, algae, paper, waste lignocellulosic biomass, thermally processed cellulosic biomass, chemically processed cellulosic biomass, or combinations thereof9. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said lignocellulosic biomass has a particle size less than about 250 μm.10. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said lignocellulosic biomass has a particle size less than about 125 μm.11. The method of claim 1 ,wherein said ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR SOLUTION

A method of producing a sugar liquid includes concentrating an aqueous cellulose-derived sugar solution with a nanofiltration membrane and/or reverse osmosis membrane, wherein the concentration is carried out after adding a water-soluble anionic polymer to the aqueous cellulose-derived sugar solution to remove a fermentation inhibitor(s) into a permeate side of the nanofiltration membrane and/or reverse osmosis membrane. 1. A method of producing a sugar liquid comprising concentrating an aqueous cellulose-derived sugar solution with a nanofiltration membrane and/or reverse osmosis membrane , wherein said concentration is carried out after adding a water-soluble anionic polymer to said aqueous cellulose-derived sugar solution to remove a fermentation inhibitor(s) into a permeate side of said nanofiltration membrane and/or reverse osmosis membrane.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said aqueous cellulose-derived sugar solution to be concentrated with said nanofiltration membrane and/or reverse osmosis membrane is a permeate of a microfiltration membrane and/or ultrafiltration membrane.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said water-soluble anionic polymer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of a salt of a phosphate polymer claim 1 , a phosphate polymer claim 1 , a salt of a polycarboxylate polymer and a polycarboxylate polymer.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said water-soluble anionic polymer is an inorganic polyphosphate.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of said aqueous cellulose-derived sugar solution after addition of said water-soluble anionic polymer is 4 to 9.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said water-soluble anionic polymer is added to said aqueous cellulose-derived sugar solution at 0.5 mg/L to 500 mg/L.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the weight average molecular weight of said water-soluble anionic polymer is 200 to 10000.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Integrated wood processing and sugar production

Provided is a system for localizing and optimizing harvesting of woody biomass by providing a plurality of portable pretreatment units at harvesting or mill sites. The sugars derived from woody waste products can be transported to plants for processing or processing directly by plants located at mill sites to generate biofuels and other chemicals.

Method for processing vegetable biomass

The present invention relates to an energy-efficient process for the treatment of plant biomass, particularly sugar cane, for the production of carbohydrates and ethanol, using physico-chemical and extraction techniques, as well as very simple milling configurations, thereby minimizing energy consumption during extraction of the cane juice. The biomass treated and obtained through this process, when subjected to a fermentation process for the production of ethanol, increases the yield of the process in comparison with that of traditional sugar cane. It can also be used for the production of enzymes, animal feedstuffs, and other useful products.

METHOD OF AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING OIL AND VALUABLE BYPRODUCTS FROM GRAINS IN DRY MILLING SYSTEMS WITH A BACK-END DEWATER MILLING UNIT

A method of and system for producing oil and valuable byproducts from grains, such as corn, in dry mills are disclosed. The method and system include dewater milling process after fermenting. Further, the method and system are able to produce oil without evaporating. Moreover, the method and system include one or more of the germ processing units, emulsion processing units, fiber processing units, high value protein producing units, and glycerol and inorganic salt producing units, such that high value byproducts are able to be generated. 1. A method of producing oil using a dry milling system comprising:a) separating a whole stillage into a solid portion and a liquid portion after fermenting; andb) grinding the solid portion after the separating to release oil from germs and release the starch from grit in kernels of grains.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the grinding comprises dewater milling.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oil is recovered at oil recovering after fermenting.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid portion contains protein claim 1 , oil claim 1 , soluble solid claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The method of further comprising oil and protein separating.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the oil and protein separating separates the liquid portion into an oily part and a protein part.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising protein dewatering generating protein meal from the protein part.8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising fiber and protein dewatering generating DDG from the protein part.9. The method of further comprising recycling the overflow from the fiber/protein dewatering as part of a back-set fluid.10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising recovering oil from the oily part from the oil and protein separating.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the recovering oil is performed without evaporating.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the recovering oil is preformed before evaporating.13. The method of ...

Methods of producing sugars from biomass feedstocks

Provided herein are catalysts useful in non-enzymatic saccharification processes. The catalysts can be polymeric catalysts or solid-supported catalysts with acidic and ionic moieties. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using the catalysts described herein.

PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FERMENTABLE SUGARS, CELLULOSE SOLIDS, AND LIGNIN FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Variations of this invention reduce or avoid lignin precipitation during acidic hydrolysis of biomass hydrolysates (such as hemicellulose-containing liquid extracts). Net acid usage and byproduct salt formation are significantly reduced. In some embodiments, hemicellulosic oligomers are hydrolyzed, in the presence of sulfur dioxide, to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars; the process comprising recovering and recycling at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide, wherein at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide reacts with the lignin to produce hydrophilic sulfonated lignin that has less tendency to precipitate or stick. In other embodiments, hemicellulosic oligomers are hydrolyzed, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfur dioxide, and combinations thereof, and an additive selected from metal sulfites, metal bisulfites, and combinations thereof, to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein at least a portion of the additive reacts with the lignin to produce sulfonated lignin. 1. A process for producing fermentable hemicellulose sugars from lignocellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass;(b) extracting said feedstock with steam and/or hot water under effective extraction conditions to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin;(c) substantially removing said cellulose-rich solids from said extract liquor;(d) hydrolyzing said hemicellulosic oligomers contained in said extract liquor, in the presence of sulfur dioxide, to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars;(e) recovering and recycling at least a portion of said sulfur dioxide from step (d); and(f) recovering said fermentable hemicellulosic sugars from said extract liquor,wherein at least a portion of said sulfur dioxide reacts with said lignin to produce sulfonated lignin.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ...

SUGAR PRODUCTS AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sugar product and method for fabricating the same is provided. The method includes mixing an acid compound and lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride or iron chloride or lithium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide or iron bromide or heteropoly acid to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution for a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution for a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar product. The present disclosure also provides a sugar product fabricated from the method. 1. A sugar product , comprising:a sugar mixture comprising glucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose and oligosaccharides thereof with a weight ratio of 2-15 wt %;an acid compound with a weight ratio of 48-97 wt %; anda salt compound with a weight ratio of 1-50 wt %.2. The sugar product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the acid compound comprises organic acid compounds or inorganic acid compounds.3. The sugar product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein acid compound comprises formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid or a mixture thereof.4. The sugar product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the salt compound comprises lithium chloride claim 1 , magnesium chloride claim 1 , calcium chloride claim 1 , zinc chloride claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , lithium bromide claim 1 , magnesium bromide claim 1 , calcium bromide claim 1 , zinc bromide or iron bromide.5. A method for fabricating a sugar product claim 1 , comprising:mixing an acid compound and lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride, lithium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, iron bromide or heteropoly acid to form a mixing solution;adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution for a dissolution reaction; andadding water to the mixing solution for a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar product.6. The method for fabricating a sugar product as ...

SUGAR PRODUCTS AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for fabricating a sugar product is provided. The method includes mixing formic acid and lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride or iron chloride or lithium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide or iron bromide or heteropoly acid to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution for a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution for a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar product. The present disclosure also provides a sugar product fabricated from the method. 1. A sugar product , comprising:a sugar mixture comprising glucose, xylose, and reducing sugar with a weight ratio of 2-15 wt %;an acid compound with a weight ratio of 60-97 wt %; anda salt compound with a weight ratio of 1-50 wt %.2. The sugar product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the acid compound comprises formic acid.3. The sugar product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the salt compound comprises lithium chloride claim 1 , magnesium chloride claim 1 , calcium chloride claim 1 , zinc chloride claim 1 , iron chloride claim 1 , lithium bromide claim 1 , magnesium bromide claim 1 , calcium bromide claim 1 , zinc bromide or iron bromide.4. A method for fabricating a sugar product claim 1 , comprising:mixing formic acid and lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride, lithium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, iron bromide or heteropoly acid to form a mixing solution;adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution for a dissolution reaction; andadding water to the mixing solution for a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar product.5. The method for fabricating a sugar product as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the formic acid has a weight ratio of 60-97 wt % in the mixing solution.6. The method for fabricating a sugar product as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the lithium chloride or lithium bromide has a ...

METHODS FOR CONVERTING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS TO USEFUL PRODUCTS

The present invention provides compositions and methods for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. The present invention further provides for pretreated lignocellulosic material that can be used to produce useful products, such as fermentable sugars. 1. A method for producing a partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material , comprising pretreating a lignocellulosic material with a pretreatment solution comprising about 30% to about 99% by weight alkylene carbonate , about 0.1% to about 5% by weight an acid catalyst , and about 0% to about 20% by weight water , thereby producing a pretreated partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step is carried out at a temperature from about 50° C. to about 150° C.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step is carried out for a period of time from about 1 minute to about 120 minutes.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step is carried out at a biomass loading from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the pretreatment solution.710.-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkylene carbonate is present in an amount of about 45% to about 99% claim 1 , the acid catalyst is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the pretreatment solution claim 1 , and water is present in an amount of about 0% to about 5% by weight of the pretreatment solution.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreatment solution further comprises a polyol in an amount from about 1% to about 55%.13. (canceled)14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material has a total recovered lignin content of about 20% of the total lignin in the lignocellulosic material prior to the pretreating step.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step decreases the amount of hemicellulose in the lignocellulosic material by at least 40%.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step ...

METHODS FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

The present invention provides compositions and methods for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. The present invention further provides for pretreated lignocellulosic material that can be used to produce products, such as fermentable sugars. 1. A method for producing a partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material , comprising pretreating a lignocellulosic material with a pretreatment solution comprising about 40% to about 95% by weight an ionic liquid and about 5% to about 60% by weight water , thereby producing a pretreated partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreatment solution further comprises about 0.1% to about 5% by weight an acid catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step is carried out at a temperature from about 80° C. to about 150° C.47.-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises an imidazolium cation.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of a halide anion claim 1 , an acetate anion claim 1 , a methanesulfonate anion claim 1 , a tosylate anion claim 1 , or any combination thereof.1012.-. (canceled)13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the acid catalyst is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the pretreatment solution.14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is present in an amount of about 70% to about 85% by weight of the pretreatment solution.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein water is present in an amount of about 15% to about 25% by weight of the pretreatment solution.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material has a total recovered lignin content of at least 40% of the total lignin in the lignocellulosic material prior to the pretreating step.17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pretreating step decreases the amount of hemicellulose in the lignocellulosic material by at least 40%.18. The method ...

Processes for producing cellulose pulp, sugars, and co-products from lignocellulosic biomass

The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars.

DRYER FOR LACTOSE AND HIGH LACTOSE PRODUCTS

A system for drying a wet lactose product stream includes a disperser configured to disperse agglomerated lactose particulates in a wet lactose stream into a dispersed wet lactose stream. A back-mixed partial drying zone is configured to at least partially dry the dispersed wet lactose stream by recirculating a partially dried lactose stream with the dispersed wet lactose stream. A plug-flow secondary drying zone is configured to dry the partially dried lactose stream to generate a substantially dried lactose stream. 1. A system comprising:a disperser configured to disperse agglomerated lactose particulates in a wet lactose stream into a dispersed wet lactose stream;a back-mixed partial drying zone configured to at least partially dry the dispersed wet lactose stream by recirculating a partially dried lactose stream with the dispersed wet lactose stream; anda plug-flow secondary drying zone configured to dry the partially dried lactose stream to generate a substantially dried lactose stream.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lactose stream comprises lactose.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lactose stream comprises de-proteinized whey.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lactose stream consists essentially of lactose.5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a static fluid bed dryer claim 1 , wherein the static fluid bed dryer comprises one or both of the back-mixed partial drying zone and the plug-flow secondary drying zone.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a fluidized cooling bed configured to cool the substantially dried lactose stream.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein an inlet temperature in the back-mixed partial drying zone is about 90° C. to about 160° C.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein an outlet temperature of the back-mixed drying zone is about 45° C. to about 90° C.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the partially dried lactose stream emerging from the back-mixed drying zone has a free moisture content of less than about 5% by ...

SYSTEM TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS INTO SUGAR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A device for converting cellulose to sugar comprises a reactor chamber with a plurality of control components, and a control assembly. The control assembly is operatively connected to the reactor chamber, a chive assembly and control components to transmit and receive interoperability signals. The device has an inlet hopper with a detector, a crusher, an outlet hopper, a sensor assembly, a steam inlet, and a carbon dioxide inlet. The inlet hopper is configured to receive and analyze proportion data of matters in a feedstock and catalyst mixture via the detector. The crusher receives and grinds the mixture from the inlet hopper to induce chemical reaction for producing sugar. The outlet hopper is configured to determine a proportion data of matter in the grinded mixture. The control assembly is configured to determine adjustments need to be performed on the components and chive assembly to optimize the sugar production. 1. A device for converting cellulose to sugar , comprising:a reactor chamber comprising a plurality of control components;a control assembly operatively connected to the reactor chamber and to each of the control components, the control components configured to transmit and receive interoperability signals; a crusher assembly configured to receive a mixture of cellulose feedstock and solid acid catalyst, wherein the crusher assembly is configured to grind the mixture under pressure to induce a solid-solid interaction between the cellulose feedstock and the solid acid catalyst inducing a chemical reaction to produce the sugar;an outlet hopper having a detector configured to determine a proportion of matter in the grinded mixture delivered by the crusher assembly, wherein the control assembly is configured to determine if reprocessing of the grinded mixture is required, and if so, tune the control components to optimize sugar production; wherein the crusher assembly comprises rollers.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor assembly ...

CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SACCHARIDES USING WHOLE CRACKED BEADS OF GEL-TYPE STRONG ACID EXCHANGE RESIN

A method for chromatographically separating a first saccharide from a liquid eluent comprising the first saccharide and a second saccharide by passing the liquid eluent through a bed comprising a gel-type strong acid cation exchange resin in calcium form, wherein the resin is provided in bead form and is characterized by comprising at least 20% whole cracked beads. 1. A method for chromatographically separating a first saccharide from a liquid eluent comprising the first saccharide and a second saccharide by passing the liquid eluent through a bed comprising a gel-type strong acid cation exchange resin in calcium form , wherein the resin is provided in bead form and is characterized by comprising at least 20% whole cracked beads.2. The method of wherein the resin comprises at least 40% whole cracked beads.3. The method of wherein the resin comprises at least 20% whole un-cracked beads.4. The method of wherein the resin comprises at least 40% whole un-cracked beads.5. The method of wherein the first and second saccharide comprises glucose and fructose claim 1 , respectively. The invention relates the use of gel-type strong acid cation exchange resins to chromatographically separate sugars including monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose.The current state of the art for chromatographic separation of sugars (e.g. fructose and glucose) utilizes strong acid gel-type ion exchange resins in calcium form (Ca+). A representative resin is DOWEX™ MONOSPHERE™ 99Ca/320 available from The Dow Chemical Company. See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,832. These types of chromatographic resins do not “exchange” ions in the traditional sense. Rather the bound Ca+ions form ligand interactions with the hydroxyl (—OH) and carbonyl (C═O) groups of sugar molecules. Fructose has more “absorbing” interactions with the Ca+ions and thus is more strongly retained by the resin as compared with glucose. Fructose with three —OH groups and two C═O groups is classified as a ketone while glucose with ...

CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SACCHARIDES USING STRONG ACID EXCHANGE RESIN INCORPORATING PRECIPITATED BARIUM SULFATE

A method for chromatographically separating a first saccharide from a liquid eluent comprising the first saccharide and a second saccharide by passing the liquid eluent through a bed comprising a gel-type strong acid cation exchange resin in calcium form, wherein precipitated barium sulfate is incorporated within the resin. 1. A method for chromatographically separating a first saccharide from a liquid eluent comprising the first saccharide and a second saccharide by passing the liquid eluent through a bed comprising a strong acid cation exchange resin in calcium form , wherein precipitated barium sulfate is incorporated within the resin.2. The method of wherein the cation exchange resin is a gel-type resin.3. The method of wherein the cation exchange resin is in bead form having a median diameter from 150 to 500 microns.4. The method of wherein the cation exchange resin has a total wet volume capacity of from 0.5 to 1.5 meg/ml.5. The method of wherein the first and second saccharide comprises glucose and fructose claim 1 , respectively. The invention relates the use of strong acid cation exchange resins to chromatographically separate sugars including monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose.The current state of the art for chromatographic separation of sugars (e.g. fructose and glucose) utilizes strong acid gel-type ion exchange resins in calcium form (Ca+). A representative resin is DOWEX™ MONOSPHERE™ 99Ca/320 available from The Dow Chemical Company. See for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,832.Strong acid ion exchange resins in alternative ionic forms have also been described in the literature (e.g. barium, lead, silver and strontium). See for example U.S. Pat. No. 3,044,905. Concerns regarding residual leakage of such metals have limited their use in food and beverage related applications.These types of chromatographic resins do not “exchange” ions in the traditional sense. Rather the bound Ca+ions form ligand interactions with the hydroxyl (—OH) and carbonyl (C ...

Biomass processing using ionic liquids

Without limitation, the disclosure provides processes for (a) dissolving biomass in ionic liquids, (b) deconstructing cellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin into derivatives including fermentable sugars, (c) separating the biomass derivatives from the ionic liquid, and (d) converting the biomass derivatives to useful fuels or chemicals, either dissolved within or separated from the ionic liquid. It should be understood that processes described herein can be used in isolation or in combination with each other.

Method of preparing seaweed-derived galactose using agarase

Provided is a method of preparing galactose by enzymatic treatment of a red algae residue. The method of preparing galactose comprises: preparing a residue; treating the residue with an enzyme; concentrating the enzyme treated residue containing sugar mixture, and precipitating and particulating galactose by adding an alcohol to the concentrated sugar mixture. The preparation method according to the present invention provides a technique capable of industrially producing a substantial amount of galactose which is utilized as an important intermediate material in the preparation of biochemical materials.

Mineral wool insulation

A method of manufacturing a mineral fibre thermal insulation product comprises the sequential steps of: Forming mineral fibres from a molten mineral mixture; Spraying a substantially formaldehyde free binder solution on to the mineral fibres, the binder solution comprising: a reducing sugar, an acid precursor derivable from an inorganic salt and a source of nitrogen; Collecting the mineral fibres to which the binder solution has been applied to form a batt of mineral fibres; and Curing the batt comprising the mineral fibres and the binder which is in contact with the mineral fibres by passing the batt through a curing oven so as to provide a batt of mineral fibres held together by a substantially water insoluble cured binder.

METHOD OF PRODUCING SACCHARIDES HAVING GLUCOSE AS MAJOR COMPONENT

A method of efficiently producing saccharides having glucose as the major component by inexpensively suppressing the non-productive adsorption of the enzyme to lignin is provided. The method of producing saccharides includes: a first step of preparing a water-soluble protein by adding at least any one of an animal protein and a vegetable protein to an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution to react with each other; a second step of adding the water-soluble protein to a slurry including a biomass; and a third step of producing saccharides having glucose as a major component by adding a degrading enzyme to the slurry for at least any one of a cellulose or a hemicellulose included in the biomass to be degraded by the degrading enzyme simultaneously with addition of the water-soluble protein to the slurry or after addition of the water-soluble protein. 1. A method of producing saccharides comprising:a first step of preparing a water-soluble protein by adding at least any one of an animal protein and a vegetable protein to an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution to react with each other;a second step of adding the water-soluble protein to a slurry including a biomass; anda third step of producing saccharides having glucose as a major component by adding a degrading enzyme to the slurry for at least any one of a cellulose or a hemicellulose included in the biomass to be degraded by the degrading enzyme simultaneously with addition of the water-soluble protein to the slurry or after addition of the water-soluble protein to the slurry.2. The method of producing saccharides according to claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or a concentration of the aqueous calcium hydroxide solution is 0.05 mol/L to 1 mol/L.3. The method of producing saccharides according to claim 1 , wherein an addition amount of the at least any one of the animal protein and the vegetable protein ...

Method for preparing fructose or xylulose from biomass containing glucose or xylose using butanol, and method for separating the same

The present invention relates to a method for preparing fructose or xylulose from biomass comprising glucose or xylose, and a method for separating a mixture of glucose and fructose and a mixture of xylose and xylulose.

PROCESS FOR RECOVERING HIGHER SUGAR FROM BIOMASS

An advantageous process for pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysable polysaccharide enriched biomass with reduced amount of inhibitors of catalysis comprising steps of: providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass; chopping of cellulosic biomass to have a cellulosic biomass feed material of uniform size; feeding of uniform sized feed material to a horizontal counter current extraction unit; removing excess of water from the feed material obtained from the extraction unit; soaking the extruded feed material obtained from the extraction unit; optionally removing excess of water from the feed material obtained after acid soaking; steam pre-treating the feed material obtained after removing excess of water from the acid soaked feed material; neutralizing the slurry obtained from the steam pre-treating; and optionally saccharifying the neutralized slurry. 1. A process for pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysable polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising steps of:a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;b) chopping of cellulosic biomass using knife-mill to have a cellulosic biomass feed material of size in the range of 1 mm to 40 mm;c) feeding of feed material obtained from the preceding step b) in to a horizontal counter current extraction unit through one end;d) removing excess of water from the feed material obtained from the preceding step c);e) soaking the feed material obtained from the preceding step d);f) optionally removing excess of water from the feed material obtained from preceding step e);g) steam pre-treating the feed material obtained from the preceding step f);h) neutralizing the slurry obtained from the preceding step g); andi) optionally saccharifying the neutralized slurry obtained from the preceding step h).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in step c) a hot water is simultaneously introduced in to a horizontal counter current extraction unit from the other end.3. The process as claimed in ...

PROCESS FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL AND FERMENTATION OF SUGARS

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a sugar and/or fermentation product from lignocellulosic material. 1. A process for preparation of a sugar product from lignocellulosic material , comprising:a) optionally, pretreatment of the lignocellulosic material;b) optionally, washing of the optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material;c) fed-batch addition of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material to a first container that comprises an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases;d) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material in the first container using the enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to liquefy the lignocellulosic material;e) addition of the liquefied lignocellulosic material to a second container;f) enzymatic hydrolysis of the liquefied lignocellulosic material in the second container using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to obtain a sugar product; andg) optionally, recovery of the sugar product.2. A process for preparation of a fermentation product from lignocellulosic material , comprising:a) optionally, pretreatment of the lignocellulosic material;b) optionally, washing of the optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material;c) fed-batch addition of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material to a first container that comprises an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases;d) enzymatic hydrolysis of the optionally washed and/or optionally pretreated lignocellulosic material in the first container using the enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to liquefy the lignocellulosic material;e) addition of the liquefied lignocellulosic material to a second container;f) enzymatic hydrolysis of the liquefied lignocellulosic material in the second container using an enzyme composition comprising at least two cellulases to obtain a hydrolysed ...

POLYPEPTIDES HAVING GLUCOAMYLASE ACTIVITY AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES ENCODING SAME

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. 1. A nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a polypeptide having glucoamylase activity and at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acids 22 to 616 of SEQ ID NO: 2 operably linked to one or more heterologous control sequences that direct the production of the polypeptide in an expression host.2. A recombinant expression vector comprising the nucleic acid construct of .3. A recombinant host cell comprising the nucleic acid construct of .4. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a fungal host cell.5. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell.6Candida cell, Hansenula cell, Kluyveromyces cell, Pichia cell, Saccharomyces cell, SchizosaccharomycesYarrowia. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell selected from the group consisting of a cell claim 3 , and a cell.7Saccharomyces diastaticusSaccharomyces douglasiiSaccharomyces kluyveriSaccharomyces norbensisSaccharomyces oviformis. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell selected from the group consisting of a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , and a cell.8Kluyveromyces lacticYarrowia lipolytica. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a cell or a call.9Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a cell.10. A method of producing a polypeptide having glucoamylase activity and at least 70% sequence identity to amino acids 22 to 616 of SEQ ID NO: 2 claim 3 , comprising:(a) cultivating a host cell comprising a nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive ...

PHYSICALLY PRETREATED BIOMASS COMPOSITION CAPABLE OF MEMBRANE FILTRATION

The present disclosure relates to a physically pretreated biomass composition capable of membrane filtration treatment in a biomass solid-liquid separation process, and a method for preparing sugar therefrom. 1. A physically pretreated biomass composition , comprising a particle size distribution wherein D10 is 1 μm to 10 μm , D50 is 10 μm to 30 μm , and D90 is 30 μm to 120 μm.2. The physically pretreated biomass composition of claim 1 , wherein the physical pretreatment comprises attrition mill treatment.3. The physically pretreated biomass composition of claim 1 , wherein an average particle size distribution of the biomass is 10 μm to 50 μm.4. The physically pretreated biomass composition of claim 1 , wherein a density of the biomass is 0.4 g/mL to 0.6 g/mL.5. The physically pretreated biomass composition of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises herbaceous biomass.6. The physically pretreated biomass composition of claim 1 , wherein the biomass composition comprises glucose claim 1 , xylose claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , and ash.7. A method for producing sugar from biomass claim 1 , comprising:(a) a pretreatment step comprising physical pretreatment of biomass; and(b) a step of converting the pretreated biomass composition to sugar, which is subjected to solid-liquid separation by membrane filtration.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a particle size distribution of the physically pretreated biomass is that D10 is 1 μm to 10 μm claim 7 , D50 is 10 μm to 30 μm claim 7 , and D90 is 30 μm to 120 μm.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the physical pretreatment comprises attrition mill treatment. The present disclosure relates to a physically pretreated biomass composition capable of membrane filtration treatment in a biomass solid-liquid separation process, and a method for preparing sugar therefrom.Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of a non-degradable structure of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In order to use lignocellulosic biomass as a sustainable supply ...

METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL AND A FERMENTED, SOLID PRODUCT

The invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of a fermented, solid product and ethanol comprising the following steps: 1) providing a mixture of milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water; 2) fermenting the mixture resulting from step (1) under conditions where the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight, for 1-36 hours at a temperature of about 25-60°C. under anaerobic conditions; 3) incubating the fermented mixture resulting from step (2) for 0.5-240 minutes at a temperature of about 70-150°C.; and 4) separating wet fermented, solid product from the fermented mixture resulting from step (3); further comprising either a) that the fermentation in step (2) is performed in one or more interconnected paddle worm or continuous worm conveyers with inlet means for the fermentation mixture and additives and outlet means for the ferment as well as control means for rotation speed, temperature and pH, or b) that one or more processing aids are added in any of steps (1), (2) and (3) and further comprising a step of 5) separating crude ethanol from the fermented mixture in step (2) by vacuum and/or in step (3) by vacuum or by injection of steam and condensing the surplus stripping steam. The invention further relates to the products of this method as well as uses thereof. 125-. (canceled)26. A fermented , solid protein product obtained from a biomass by a process comprising:(1) providing an initial mixture of a milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising proteins and oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides, and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water, wherein the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight of the initial mixture;(2) adding one or more processing aids to the mixture prior to fermenting,(3) fermenting the mixture for 1- ...

WET OXIDATION OF BIOMASS

A process for producing a transportation fuel from a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising subjecting a stream comprising lignin to a wet oxidation that produces low molecular weight carboxylic acids. These carboxylic acids and/or the corresponding esters are fed to a hydrogenation reaction or gas fermentation wherein they are converted to an alcohol. Heat from the wet oxidation may be supplied to any stage of the process in which heat is introduced. 150.-. (canceled)51. A process for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstock comprising:(i) hydrolyzing at least a portion of the hemicellulose and cellulose in the lignocellulosic feedstock to provide an aqueous mixture comprising insoluble lignin and a soluble sugar;(ii) fermenting the soluble sugar to provide ethanol, said fermenting comprising mixing the soluble sugar with a fermentation microorganism;(iii) separating the insoluble lignin from at least portion of the soluble sugar or the ethanol;(iv) subjecting a mixture comprising the separated insoluble lignin to a wet oxidation to produce at least one of acetic acid, acetate, and carbon dioxide;(v) converting at least a portion of the at least one of acetic acid, acetate, and carbon dioxide produced by the wet oxidation to ethanol;(vi) recovering ethanol produced in (ii) and (v).52. The process according to claim 51 , wherein step (iii) comprises separating the insoluble lignin from at least a portion of the soluble sugar claim 51 , said separating comprising conducting a solid-liquid separation on the aqueous mixture produced in (i) to produce lignin solids and a liquid comprising the soluble sugar claim 51 , and wherein the mixture subjected to the wet oxidation comprises the lignin solids.53. The process according to claim 51 , wherein step (iii) comprises separating the insoluble lignin from at least a portion of the ethanol claim 51 , said separating comprising distilling an aqueous mixture comprising the ethanol and the insoluble lignin claim 51 , and ...

USING DISSOLVED OXYGEN TO INHIBIT LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION DURING PROPAGATION OF YEAST AND/OR HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Embodiments of the present disclosure involve systems and methods that inhibit the production of lactic acid during propagation of yeast and/or during hydrolysis of cellulose by including a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen. 1. A method of treating lignocellulosic biomass , wherein the method comprises converting cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide in the presence of an amount of oxygen that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide comprises providing an aqueous slurry comprising:a) the lignocellulosic biomass that comprises the cellulose;b) one or more enzymes that can convert the cellulose into the oligosaccharide and/or the monosaccharide; andc) dissolved oxygen in an amount that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide comprises:a) forming an aqueous slurry comprising the lignocellulosic biomass that comprises the cellulose, one or more enzymes that can convert the cellulose into the oligosaccharide and/or the monosaccharide; and dissolved oxygen in an amount that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria;b) maintaining the aqueous slurry at a pH and temperature for a time period to convert at least a portion of the cellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass into an oligosaccharide and/or a monosaccharide in the presence of an amount of oxygen that inhibits the production of lactic acid by a bacteria.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved oxygen is present in the aqueous slurry in an amount of at least 11 milligrams of dissolved oxygen per liter of slurry.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein lactic acid is present in an amount from 0 to 150 milligrams lactic acid per liter of slurry.6. The method of ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS PELLETS AND SUGARS

In this disclosure, a process for producing biomass pellets and sugars from cellulosic biomass is provided, comprising: extracting the feedstock with steam and/or hot water and optionally with an acid catalyst, to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and lignin; separating the cellulose-rich solids from the extract liquor; filtering the extract liquor to remove at least some of the lignin, thereby generating a filter permeate comprising cleaned extract liquor containing the hemicellulosic oligomers and a filter retentate comprising a lignin-rich stream; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers in the cleaned extract liquor with an acid or enzymes, to generate hemicellulosic monomers which are recovered; and pelletizing the cellulose-rich solids to form biomass pellets, wherein the pelletizing utilizes at least some of the lignin-rich stream as a binder or binder component. 1. A process for producing biomass pellets and sugars from cellulosic biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing a feedstock comprising cellulosic biomass;(b) extracting said feedstock with steam and/or hot water under effective extraction conditions and optionally with an acid catalyst, to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and lignin;(c) separating said cellulose-rich solids from said extract liquor;(d) filtering said extract liquor to remove at least some of said lignin, thereby generating a filter permeate comprising cleaned extract liquor containing said hemicellulosic oligomers and a filter retentate comprising a lignin-rich stream;(e) hydrolyzing said hemicellulosic oligomers in said cleaned extract liquor with an acid or enzymes, to generate hemicellulosic monomers;(f) recovering said hemicellulosic monomers; and(g) pelletizing said cellulose-rich solids to form biomass pellets, wherein said pelletizing utilizes at least some of said lignin-rich stream from step (d) as a binder or ...

Method for utilizing biomasses

The present invention relates to utilization of bio-based materials. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for utilization of grain based raw materials, wherein the method also comprises a versatile use of the side streams or by-products of the process. The method produces a wet fiber cake for combustion, wherein said wet fiber cake provides excellent burn values, low emission values and low amount of residual ash. 1. A method for utilizing oat hulls , comprising the steps of:hydrolysing the oat hulls to obtain a hydrolysate;separating the hydrolysate to a liquid fraction and to a solid fraction;washing and optionally pressing the solid fraction to obtain a wet fiber cake having a DS (dry solids) content of 40 to 90%;recovering the liquid fraction to obtain a carbohydrate-containing liquid fraction;recovering the wet fiber cake; andutilizing the wet fiber cake as an energy source by combustion.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake has a DS content of 50-70%.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis is carried out by employing acid hydrolysis claim 1 , followed by pH adjustment with a base.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is washed with water before the recovering the wet fiber cake.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake contains at least 20% less salts than the oat hull starting material claim 1 , on a dry matter basis.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is essentially hemicellulose-free.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed with dry fractions of dry hulls or dry fine solids of grains before combustion.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed with said dry fractions to obtain a mixture of the wet fiber cake and the dry fractions claim 7 , wherein the mixture has a DS content of 50-85%.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wet fiber cake is mixed ...

Steviol glycoside compositions

Steviol glycoside compositions having improved sweetness and flavor profiles are described.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FURAN DERIVATIVES FROM GLUCOSE

A process for the production of furan derivatives from D-glucose, wherein 1. A process for the production of furan derivatives from D-glucose , characterized in thatA) D-glucose is converted into D-fructose in an enzymatic process, wherein redox cofactors are used and regenerated, whereby, as a result of at least two further enzymatically catalyzed redox reactions proceeding in the same reaction batch, one of the two redox cofactors accumulates in its reduced form and, respectively, the other one in its oxidized form, whereby D-glucose is converted into D-fructose, involving two or more oxidoreductases, andB) D-fructose is converted into furan derivatives.2. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that NAD/NADH and/or NADP/NADPH are used as redox cofactors in Step A).4. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , during the conversion of D-glucose into D-fructose claim 1 , at first an enzymatically catalyzed reduction and subsequently an enzymatically catalyzed oxidation are performed.5. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that isomerization of D-glucose occurs via reduction to D-sorbitol claim 1 , which is oxidized into D-fructose.6. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that Step A) is performed as a two-step redox process.7. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that both the reduction and the oxidation reaction(s) for converting D-glucose into D-fructose occur in the same reaction batch claim 1 , without any intermediates being isolated.8. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least one dehydrogenase as well as redox cofactor(s) are used for the conversion of D-glucose into D-fructose.9. A process according to claim 8 , characterized in that NAD/NADH and/or NADP/NADPH claim 8 , either in a soluble form or immobilized onto solids claim 8 , are used as redox cofactor(s).10. A process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the redox cofactor(s) NAD/NADH and/or NADP/NADPH ...

Processing biomass

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce a product or intermediate, e.g., energy, a food, a fuel, or a material.

PRODUCTS FROM STEVIA REBAUDIANA

Various organic molecules, ingredients and compositions are prepared from plant. The compositions can be used as bulking agents, and sweeteners in foods, beverages, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. 13-. (canceled)4. A process of producing a stevia ingredient , comprising the steps of:(a) providing a water-insoluble stevia biomass;(b) incubating the water-insoluble stevia biomass in an aqueous alkaline solution comprising at least 10% NaOH to produce a cellulose containing material;(c) processing the cellulose containing material in a pressurized vessel at a temperature of 110-180° C. for 0.1 to 10 hours to provide a stevia-derived feedstock; and(d) contacting the stevia-derived feedstock with a recombinant microorganism.5Stevia rebaudiana. The process of claim 4 , wherein the stevia ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: stevioside claim 4 , rebaudioside A claim 4 , rebaudioside B claim 4 , rebaudioside C claim 4 , rebaudioside D claim 4 , rebaudioside E claim 4 , rebaudioside F claim 4 , rebaudioside G claim 4 , rebaudioside H claim 4 , rebaudioside I claim 4 , rebaudioside J claim 4 , rebaudioside K claim 4 , rebaudioside L claim 4 , rebaudioside M claim 4 , rebaudioside N claim 4 , rebaudioside O claim 4 , rebaudioside P claim 4 , rebaudioside Q claim 4 , rebaudioside R claim 4 , rebaudioside Z claim 4 , dulcoside A claim 4 , steviolbioside claim 4 , rubusoside claim 4 , alpha-glucosylated steviol glycosides claim 4 , steviol glycosides found in plant claim 4 , and combinations thereof.6. The process of claim 4 , further comprising the step of combining the stevia ingredient with a food claim 4 , beverage claim 4 , drug claim 4 , pharmaceutical claim 4 , cosmetic or consumable product.7. The process of claim 4 , further comprising the step of combining the stevia ingredient with a stevia-derived cellulose.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the stevia-derived cellulose is obtained from a second water-insoluble stevia biomass.9. The process of claim 8 ...

Method of producing saccharides and method of producing ethanol

A method of producing saccharides, in which fluidity of the slurry including biomass can be retained; the used amount of the degrading enzyme can be reduced; and high concentration saccharides can be produced, is provided. In addition, a method of producing ethanol, in which high concentration ethanol can produced, is provided. The method of producing saccharides includes the steps of: adding a cellulose degrading enzyme to a slurry including a biomass; and degrading the cellulose included in the biomass by the degrading enzyme to produce saccharide including glucose as a major component. The concentration of the cellulose is retained at 75 g/L or less in a mixed solution including the slurry, the degrading enzyme, and an adsorption inhibitor inhibiting adsorption of the degrading enzyme to a lignin contained in the biomass.

ARRAY FOR PROCESSING MATERIALS

Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults. 1. A treatment operating unit , comprising:a plurality of enclosure systems, each enclosure system including one or more vaults, andwithin each vault, an irradiation device and a treatment conveyor.2. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure systems are arranged in rows.3. The operating unit of claim 2 , wherein the rows extend in a first direction claim 2 , and wherein each enclosure system comprises two or more vaults extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the first direction.4. The operating unit of claim 3 , wherein the first and second vaults of each enclosure share a common wall.5. The operating unit of claim 4 , wherein each first vault is configured to accept untreated biomass from a storage facility claim 4 , and wherein the biomass material is treated in each vault utilizing the irradiation device and the treatment conveyor.6. The operating unit of claim 5 , wherein the first vault of each enclosure system further encloses equipment configured to transfer treated biomass from the first vault to the second vault of the enclosure system.7. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation device comprises an electron accelerator.8. The operating unit of claim 1 , wherein the treatment conveyor comprises a vibratory conveyor.9. A method for producing treated materials claim 1 , the method comprising;partitioning a material into a plurality of material portions,conveying the material portions into a plurality of first vaults, each first vault accepting one of the material portions,treating the material portions in the vaults,conveying the material portions out of the ...

SACCHARIFYING BIOMASS

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. 1. A method comprising concentrating a purified saccharification mixture comprising sugars including glucose and xylose to provide a concentrate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate comprises from about 10 to about 70 percent by weight glucose and from about 2 to about 35 percent by weight xylose.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the concentrate comprises from about 15 to about 65 percent by weight glucose and from about 2 to about 30 percent by weight xylose.4. The method of claim 2 , or in which the concentrate has a total sugar concentration of from about 10 to about 90 weight percent by weight.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the total sugar concentration is from about 20 to about 75 percent by weight.6. The method of claim 1 , in which the concentrate further comprising water.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purified saccharification mixture was obtained by saccharification of a treated biomass material with an enzyme.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the treated biomass material has been exposed to accelerated electrons.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the treated biomass material has been exposed to accelerated electrons to a dose of at least 10 Mrad.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biomass comprises corn cobs.11. A purified saccharification mixture comprising sugars including glucose and xylose.12. The purified mixture of claim 11 , wherein the mixture comprises from about 10 to about 70 percent by weight glucose and from about 2 to about 35 percent by weight xylose.13. The purified mixture of claim 12 , wherein the mixture comprises from about 15 to about 65 percent by weight glucose and from about 2 to about 30 percent by weight xylose.14. The ...

Sulfite-based processes for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with sulfur dioxide or a sulfite compound and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.