Method for a metal electrowinning

An electrowinning method of metals through electrolysis of a metal chloride solution uses an anode comprising a substrate comprising titanium or titanium alloy, and a coating layer comprising a plurality of a unit layer, provided on the surface of the substrate. The unit layer comprises the first coating layer comprising a mixture of iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide and titanium oxide and the second coating layer comprising a mixture of platinum and iridium oxide. The first coating layer contacts with the surface of said substrate and an outer coating layer of the unit layer formed on the outermost layer of said coating layer is the second coating layer. The coating layer is formed by thermal decomposition baking, which followed by post-baking at a higher baking temperature.

Electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride

It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm 2 , the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

Bipolar electrodes with high energy efficiency, and use thereof for synthesising sodium chlorate

The invention relates to novel bipolar electrodes with a cathodic coating on one portion of the electrode and an anodic coating on another portion of the same electrode. The anodic coating is preferably a DSA coating and the cathodic coating is an alloy such as Fe 3−x Al- 1+x M y T z . The invention also relates to the use of said novel electrodes for synthesising sodium chlorate.

Process for the production of graphite electrodes for electrolytic processes

A process is described for the production of graphite electrodes coated predominantly with noble metal for electrolytic processes, especially for the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, wherein the surface of a graphite electrode is coated with an aqueous solution of a noble metal compound and then tempered at 150 to 650° C. in the presence of reducing and/or extensively oxygen-free gases.

Cathode, electrolytic cell for electrolysis of alkali metal chloride, and method for producing negative electrode

The present invention provides a cathode that has a conductive substrate and a catalyst layer formed on the conductive substrate. The catalyst layer comprises a first layer and a second layer. The first layer at least includes palladium element and platinum element. The second layer at least includes iridium element and platinum element. The first layer is located on the conductive substrate, and the second layer is located on the first layer. The cathode is useful because it has a low hydrogen overvoltage and degradation and peel-off of the catalysis layer is reduced against reverse current generated when electrolysis is stopped.

Oxygen-consuming electrode and process for production thereof

An oxygen-consuming electrode is described, more particularly for use in chloralkali electrolysis, comprising a novel catalyst coating, as is an electrolysis apparatus. Also described is a production process for the oxygen-consuming electrode and the use thereof in chloralkali electrolysis or fuel cell technology. The oxygen-consuming electrode comprises at least an electrically conductive support, an electrical contact site and a gas diffusion layer comprising a catalytically active component, characterized in that the coating at least one fluorinated polymer, silver in the form of silver particles and silver oxide in the form of silver oxide particles, which is produced in a selected precipitation step.

Corrosion resistant and electrically conductive surface of metal

Methods for coating a metal substrate or a metal alloy with electrically conductive titania-based material. The methods produce metal components for electrochemical devices that need high electrical conductance, corrosion resistance and electrode reaction activities for long term operation at a low cost.

Oxygen-consuming electrode and method for producing same

An oxygen-consuming electrode, in particular for use in chloralkali electrolysis, having a novel catalyst coating and also an electrolysis apparatus are described. Furthermore, its use in chloralkali electrolysis, fuel cell technology or metal/air batteries is described. The oxygen-consuming electrode comprises at least a support which in particular is electrically conductive, a layer containing a catalyst and a hydrophobic layer, characterized in that it contains gallium in addition to silver as catalytically active component.

Porous electrode for proton exchange membrane

A process for manufacturing a catalytic electrode includes depositing an electrocatalytic ink on a carrier, wherein the electrocatalytic ink includes an electrocatalytic material and a product polymerizable into a protonically conductive polymer. The process also includes solidifying the electrocatalytic ink so as to form an electrode wherein the composition of the product polymerizable into a protonically conductive polymer and its proportion in the ink is defined so that the electrode formed has a breaking strength greater than 1 MPa. The process further includes separating the electrode formed from the carrier.

Trimetallic layered double hydroxide composition

A layered double hydroxide (LDH) material, methods for using the LDH material to catalyse the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a water-splitting process and methods for preparing the LDH material. The LDH material includes nickel, iron and chromium species and possesses a sheet-like morphology including at least one hole.

Process for the Oxidation of Carbon-Containing Organic Compounds with Electrochemically Generated Oxidizing Agents and Arrangement for Carrying Out the Process

The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds where the said compounds have at least one bond with a bond order >1, wherein an oxidizing of these carbon-containing organic compounds to be oxidized is performed with electrochemically generated C—O—O oxidizing agents, in particular peroxodicarbonate. Also described is the use of C—O—O oxidizing agents generated electrochemically from carbonate, in particular peroxodicarbonate, as oxidizing agents for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds, in particular carbon-containing organic compounds where the said compounds have at least one bond with a bond order >1. Finally, an arrangement for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds is provided, comprising a first unit for the electrochemical preparation of C—O—O oxidizing agents generated electrochemically from carbonate, in particular peroxodicarbonate, and a second unit for the oxidizing of the carbon-containing organic compound with the C—O—O oxidizing agent generated electrochemically from carbonate, in particular peroxodicarbonate. In this case, these two units are connected to one another in such a way that an ex situ generated oxidizing agent can be fed to the second unit. 1. A process for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds that have at least one bond with bond order ≥1 , comprising the step ofoxidizing said carbon-containing organic compounds with one or more electrochemically generated C—O—O oxidants to produce one or more oxidized or oxygenated, carbon-containing organic compounds.2. The process for the oxidation of carbon-containing organic compounds as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the one or more C—O—O oxidants comprise peroxydicarbonate claim 1 , generated electrochemically from carbonate using an electrolysis assembly comprising at least one cathode claim 1 , at least one diamond-coated anode claim 1 , and a carbonate-containing electrolyte that is pumped at a flow rate ...

Methods and systems for fuel production

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for producing carbon products via electrochemical reduction from fluid streams containing a carbon-containing material, such as, for example, carbon dioxide. Electrochemical reduction systems and methods of the present disclosure may comprise micro- or nanostructured membranes for separation and catalytic processes. The electrochemical reduction systems and methods may utilize renewable energy sources to generate a carbon product comprising one or more carbon atoms (C1+ product), such as, for example, fuel. This may be performed at substantially low (or nearly zero) net or negative carbon emissions.

Electrode For Electrolysis

The present invention provides an electrode for electrolysis in which a planarized metal substrate having a mesh structure such that the aspect ratio of an individual cross-section of a wire constituting the mesh structure is 120% or greater is used to increase the surface area of a coating layer, thereby increasing adhesion to a membrane and gas trap is reduced to reduce overvoltage. 1. An electrode for electrolysis comprising:A metal substrate layer having a mesh structure; andA coating layer including a ruthenium-based oxide, a cerium-based oxide, a platinum-based oxide, and an amine-based compound, wherein the coating layer is formed on the surface of a wire constituting the mesh structure, and an individual cross-section of the wire has an aspect ratio of 120% or greater.2. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein the aspect ratio is 120-180%.3. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein a metal of the metal substrate layer is one of nickel claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , or an alloy thereof.4. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the metal substrate layer is 100-300 μm.5. A method for manufacturing an electrode for electrolysis claim 1 , comprising:Planarizing a metal substrate having a mesh structure such that an aspect ratio of an individual cross-section of a wire constituting the mesh structure is 120% or greater;Applying a coating composition on a surface of the wire of the planarized metal substrate; andPerforming coating by drying and firing the metal substrate applied with the coating composition,Wherein the coating composition includes a ruthenium-based precursor, a cerium-based precursor, a platinum-based precursor, and an amine-based compound.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the planarizing is performed by roll-pressing or chemical etching.7. The method of claim ...

CORE-SHELL FE2P@C-FE3C ELECTROCATALYST AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention relates to a core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst comprises a carbon nanotube as a matrix which is formed by a carbon layer with FeCnano-dots distributed therein, and FeP@C embedded in the carbon nanotube. The FeP@C has a core-shell structure and is formed by coating FeP with carbon. 1. A core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst , comprising:{'sub': '3', 'a carbon nanotube as a matrix which is formed by a carbon layer with FeCnanodots distributed therein; and'}{'sub': '2', 'FeP@C embedded in the carbon nanotube,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the FeP@C has a core-shell structure and is formed by coating FeP with a C layer.'}2. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein in the FeP@C claim 1 , a thickness of the C layer is 2.5 to 3.5 nm claim 1 , and a particle size of the FeP is 12 to 15 nm.3. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of the carbon nanotube is 30 to 40 nm claim 1 , and a wall thickness of the carbon nanotube is 4 to 6 nm.4. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein a particle size of the FeCnanodots is 4 to 6 nm.5. The core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the content of P in the core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst is 2.07 at %.6. A preparation method of the core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst of claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': 3', '2', '2', '4', '4, '(1) dissolving FeCl.6HO, CHN, and F127 in a solvent to form a mixed solution, and then removing the solvent by drying, to obtain a powder;'}{'sub': 2', '3, '(2) putting the powder and sodium hypophosphite separately in different places of a porcelain boat, and under a protective atmosphere, first heating them at 300 to 500° C. for 1 to 3 hours, and then heating them at 700 to 900° C. for 1 to 3 hours, to obtain the core-shell FeP@C—FeC electrocatalyst.'}7. The preparation method of claim 6 ,{'sub': 3', '2', '2', ' ...

Methanol generation device, method for generating methanol, and electrode for generating methanol

The present invention provides a methanol generation device for generating methanol by reducing carbon dioxide, comprising: a container for storing an electrolyte solution containing carbon dioxide; a cathode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; an anode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; and an external power supply for applying a voltage so that a potential of the cathode electrode is negative with respect to a potential of the anode electrode. The cathode electrode has a region of Cu 1-x-y Ni x Au y (0<x, 0<y, and x+y<1). The anode electrode has a region of a metal or a metal compound.

WATER ELECTROLYZERS

A water electrolyzer comprising: a membrane having first and second opposed major surfaces, a thickness extending between the first and second major surfaces; a cathode comprising a first catalyst on the first major surface of the membrane; and an anode comprising a second catalyst on the second major surface of the membrane, wherein the membrane, if planar, has a length direction, an average length, a width direction, an average width, a thickness direction, and an average thickness, wherein the average length and the average width are each greater than the average thickness, wherein the average width is no greater than the average length, wherein the average thickness is defined between first and second major surfaces of the membrane, wherein the average length, the average width, and the average thickness define a membrane volume, wherein has the length direction, the width direction, and the thickness direction are each perpendicular to each other, wherein the membrane volume comprises at least one of metallic Pt or Pt oxide, wherein the membrane volume comprises at least 5 of alternating first and second regions across at least one plane in the membrane, wherein the first region has a first concentration within a 100 micrometercube volume collectively of metallic Pt and Pt oxide that is at least 0.1 microgram/cm3, wherein the second region has a second concentration within a 100 micrometercube volume collectively of metallic Pt and Pt oxide that is not greater than 0.01 microgram/cm, and wherein the first concentration is at least 10 times greater than the second concentration. 1. A water electrolyzer comprising:a membrane having first and second opposed major surfaces, a thickness extending between the first and second major surfaces;a cathode comprising a first catalyst on the first major surface of the membrane; andan anode comprising a second catalyst on the second major surface of the membrane,wherein the membrane, if planar, has a length direction, an ...

Preparation Method and Application of Non-noble Metal Single Atom Catalyst

The disclosure discloses a preparation method and application of a non-noble metal single atom catalyst, and belongs to the technical fields of chemistry, chemical engineering and material science. According to the disclosure, cheap raw materials and simple method are used to prepare the single atom catalyst. In essence, metal is anchored on light-absorbing carrier in a single atom form under irradiation to produce the single atom catalyst. In the disclosure, the non-noble metal single atom catalyst is prepared by using a photochemical synthetic route for the first time. The single atom catalyst synthesized in the disclosure is dispersed on the surface of photoactive substance. Using nickel single atom as a co-catalyst in photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen, the cost is low and the catalytic efficiency is greatly improved compared with other types of non-noble metal modified composite photocatalysts. 1. A preparation method of a non-noble metal single atom catalyst , comprising the following steps: mixing a photoactive carrier , a metal source and an electron donor reagent; and performing a reaction under illumination in a low-concentration oxygen or oxygen-free system to prepare the single atom catalyst , wherein the photoactive carrier is a substance whose electrons can undergo transition or be excited to produce reductive photo-generated electrons under irradiation , and the electron donor reagent is a substance which does not undergo a chemical reaction with the photoactive carrier and the metal source under dark and can undergo a reaction with hole or oxidizing substances generated when electrons undergo transition or are excited by the photoactive carrier under irradiation to provide electrons.2. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the photoactive carrier comprises any one or more of metal oxides claim 1 , sulfides claim 1 , oxyhalides claim 1 , tungstates and carbonitrides claim 1 , the photoactive carrier is selected from any ...

Anodes comprising transition metal and platinum group metal as alloys, and related methods and systems

Disclosed are anodes for an electrochemical reduction system, such as for the electrochemical reduction of oxides in systems using molten salt electrolytes. The anodes comprise a rod or plate formed of and include at least one alloy of at least one transition metal and at least one platinum group metal. The alloy anodes may be less expensive than anodes formed solely from platinum group metals and may exhibit less material attrition than anodes formed solely from transition metals. Related methods and electrochemical reduction systems are also disclosed.

Electrochemical Element, Electrochemical Module, Electrochemical Device, Energy System, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Manufacturing Method for Electrochemical Element

Provided are an electrochemical element and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical element includes a metal support, and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal support. The metal support is made of any one of a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Zr in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, and a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti and Zr, a total content of Ti and Zr being 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less.

Electrodes/electrolyte assembly, reactor and method for direct amination of hydrocarbons

An electrodes/electrolyte assembly—MEA, electrochemical membrane reactor—is described and a method for the direct amination of hydrocarbons, namely for the direct amination of benzene to aniline, and a method for the preparation of said electrodes/electrolyte assembly. The presented Solution allows the increase of conversion of said amination to above 60%, even at low temperatures, i.e., between 200° C. and 450° C.; preferably between 300° C. and 400° C. The electrodes/electrolyte assembly for direct amination of hydrocarbons comprises: an anode ( 1 ), electrons and protons conductor, that includes a composite porous matrix, comprised by a ceramic fraction and a catalyst for said amination at temperatures lower than 450° C.; a porous cathode ( 3 ), electrons and protons conductor, and electrocatalyst; an electrolyte ( 2 ), protons or ions conductor and electrically insulating, located between the anode ( 1 ) and the cathode ( 3 ), made of a composite ceramic impermeable to reagents and products of said amination.

Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst

Systems and methods for a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst are provided. Electrode material includes a plurality of clusters. The electrode exhibits bifunctionality with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction. The electrode with clusters exhibits improved performance with respect to the intrinsic material of the electrode absent the clusters.

Hybrid bipolar plate and method of making the same

A bipolar plate includes at least one electrically conductive plate having an anode flow field on an anode major side and a cathode flow field on a cathode major side opposite to the anode major side, an electrically insulating first capping plate containing a first plenum area, and located over the anode major side, and an electrically insulating second capping plate containing a second plenum area, and located over the cathode major side. The at least one electrically conductive plate, the first capping plate and the second capping plate are bonded to each other.

HYDROGEN GENERATING ELEMENT

A hydrogen generating element of an electrochemical apparatus may include a compacted homogenous body of an alloy-like material which contains at least 60 wt.-%, preferably more than 75 wt.-%, of Mg or a Mg alloy, 5 to 20 wt.-% FeO, and 5 to 20 wt.-% of an electrolyte precursor material. 1. A hydrogen generating element of an electrochemical apparatus , the element comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, 'a compacted homogenous body including an alloy-like material which contains at least 60 wt.-% of Mg or a Mg alloy, 5 to 20 wt.-% FeO, and 5 to 20 wt.-% of an electrolyte precursor material.'}2. The hydrogen generating element of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte precursor material is K.3. The hydrogen generating element of claim 2 , comprising 80 wt.-% of the Mg alloy claim 2 , 10 to 15 wt.-% FeO claim 2 , and 5 to 10 wt.-% K electrolyte precursor material.4. The hydrogen generating element of claim 1 , wherein the alloy-like material contains the Mg alloy claim 1 , and the Mg alloy contains 5 to 25 wt.-% Al.5. The hydrogen generating element of claim 1 , having the shape of a sphere claim 1 , or of a prism having a first height and an edge length equal to the first height claim 1 , or of a cylinder having a second height and a diameter equal to the second height.6. The hydrogen generating element of claim 5 , wherein the shape is the prism claim 5 , and the first height and the edge length are in the range of 10 to 30 mm.7. The hydrogen generating element of claim 5 , wherein the shape is the cylinder claim 5 , and the second height and the diameter are in the range of 10 to 30 mm.8. The hydrogen generating element of claim 5 , wherein the shape is the sphere claim 5 , and the sphere has a diameter in the range of 10 to 30 mm.9. The hydrogen generating element of claim 1 , comprising a powder having a grain size of 20 to 200 nm.10. The hydrogen generating element of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises more than 75 wt.-% of the Mg or the Mg alloy.11. An ...

Method for Converting Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Syngas by an Electrolysis Reaction

The present invention relates to a method for CO 2 electroreduction to syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ), using a cathode comprising an electrically conductive support of which at least a part of the surface is covered by a metal deposit of zinc and of a second metal selected from copper, gold and mixtures thereof, and being preferably copper, said metal deposit comprising at least 1 wt % of one or several phases of an alloy of zinc and of the second metal. The present invention relates also to an electrode useful for performing this method, a process for preparing such an electrode and an electrolysis device comprising such an electrode.

HETEROSTRUCTURED THIN-FILM CATALYSTS COMPRISING NANOCAVITIES

A heterostructured catalyst includes a 2-dimensional (2D) array of titanium including nanocavities that are all directly attached to a substrate. Each of the titanium including nanocavities have a pore with a nanopore size and a wall with a nanowall thickness. The titanium including nanocavities can be titania nanocavities with a metal layer or a metal compound layer on the titania nanocavities including inside the pores, or the titanium including nanocavities can include SrTiOor consist of SrTiO, each with a surface layer of reduced SrTiO.

Method for preparing polyaniline/ruthenium oxide/tin dioxide composite electrode material

The present invention provides a method for preparing a polyaniline/RuO 2 /SnO 2 composite electrode material, including: sputtering a SnO 2 film onto a tantalum substrate by a magnetron sputtering method, to form a SnO 2 layer; preparing porous-structured RuO 2 nanoparticles with a uniform pore size distribution (10-15 nm) by a template method; and embedding polyaniline into the RuO 2 nanoparticle matrix by a electrodeposition method, to finally obtain a multilayer-structured polyaniline/RuO 2 /SnO 2 composite electrode material with a specific capacitance value of 680-702 F·g−1 and an excellent cycling charge-discharge performance after it is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor.

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (soec) and preparation method thereof

The disclosure relates to the technical field of electrolysis cells, and in particular to a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and a preparation method thereof. The SOEC provided by the disclosure adopts an n-type TiO2 layer and a p-type La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ layer as an electrolyte layer. Although the n-type TiO2 and the p-type La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ have both ionic and electronic conductivities, the electric field effect of a PN junction between the two layers can effectively cut off the transmission of intermediate layer electrons and enable ions to rapidly pass through. The SOEC can effectively avoid short circuit and exhibit excellent performance. Furthermore, the above structure allows the SOEC to have a stable performance output, and the SOEC can be produced on a large scale due to low material cost.

ELECTROCHEMICAL GAS PRODUCTION CELL, IN PARTICULAR A MERCURY-FREE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CELL

An electrochemical, in particular mercury-free hydrogen production cell, is free of Raney nickel and corresponds to electrochemical gas production cells using Raney nickel regarding blank gassing rate and other electrochemical characteristics. The cell includes a metal anode, electrolyte and gas diffusion electrode. The gas diffusion electrode has, as a metal-containing main component, steel alloy and/or catalytic inorganic metal compound and/or platinum or palladium powder, all free of Raney nickel. Avoiding Raney nickel provides increased industrial safety. The substitute materials have significantly fewer risks regarding transportation, fire hazard and toxicology. Necessary preventative measures therefore require substantially less outlay. The amount of nickel (if nickel-containing compound is used) is at least 2 factors lower or tends towards zero. The substitute materials exhibit good to very good electrochemical activity and provide hydrogen production cell efficiency and stability as adequate as cells with a cathode containing Raney nickel. 15-. (canceled)6. An electrochemical gas production cell or mercury-free hydrogen production cell , comprising:a metal anode;an electrolyte; anda gas diffusion electrode, said gas diffusion electrode having a metal-containing main component including at least one of a steel alloy or a catalytic inorganic metal compound or a platinum or palladium powder all being free of Raney nickel.7. The electrochemical gas production cell according to claim 6 , wherein said metal-containing main component of said gas diffusion electrode is a composite applied to a carrier material.8. The electrochemical gas production cell according to claim 7 , wherein said composite includes carbon claim 7 , a silicon compound or a polymer.9. The electrochemical gas production cell according to claim 6 , wherein said metal-containing main component of said gas diffusion electrode includes at least one substance selected from:a) a nickel-iron alloy;b) ...

Continuous co-current electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

In various embodiments, the invention provides electro-chemical processes for reduction of carbon dioxide, for example converting carbon dioxide to formate salts or formic acid. In selected embodiments, operation of a continuous reactor with a three dimensional cathode and a two-phase (gas/liquid) catholyte flow provides advantageous conditions for electro-reduction of carbon dioxide. In these embodiments, the continuous two-phase flow of catholyte solvent and carbon dioxide containing gas, in selected gas/liquid phase volume flow ratios, provides dynamic conditions that favour the electro-reduction of COs at relatively high effective superficial current densities and gas space velocities, with relatively low reactor (cell) voltages (<10 Volts). In some embodiments, relatively high internal gas hold-up in the cathode chamber (evident in an internal gas to liquid phase volume ratio >0.1) may provide greater than equilibrium CO 2 concentrations in the liquid phase, also facilitating relatively high effective superficial current densities. In some embodiments, these characteristics may for example be achieved at catholyte pH>7 and relatively low CO 2 partial pressures (<10 bar). In some embodiments, these characteristics may for example be achieved under near adiabatic conditions, with catholyte outlet temperature up to about 80° C.

Method for preparing fuel electrode of solid oxide electrolysis cells embedded with bimetallic catalyst

A method for uniformly forming a nickel-metal alloy catalyst in a fuel electrode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell is provided. Specifically, before the nickel-metal alloy catalyst is formed, a metal oxide is uniformly distributed on nickel oxide contained in the fuel electrode through infiltration of a metal oxide precursor solution and hydrolysis of urea.

Semiconductor photoelectrode and method for splitting water photoelectrochemically using photoelectrochemical cell comprising the same

Provided is a semiconductor photoelectrode comprising a conductive substrate; a first semiconductor photocatalyst layer provided on a surface of the conductive substrate; a second semiconductor photocatalyst layer provided on a surface of the first semiconductor photocatalyst layer. The semiconductor photoelectrode has a plurality of pillar protrusions on the surface thereof. A surface of each of the pillar protrusions is formed of the second semiconductor photocatalyst layer.

CO2 REDUCTION INTO SYNGAS

An electrode of a chemical cell includes a structure having an outer surface, a plurality of catalyst particles distributed across the outer surface of the structure, and a catalyst layer disposed over the plurality of catalyst particles and the outer surface of the structure. Each catalyst particle of the plurality of catalyst particles includes a metal catalyst for reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) in the chemical cell. The catalyst layer includes an oxide material for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) in the chemical cell. 1. An electrode of a chemical cell , the electrode comprising:a structure having an outer surface;a plurality of catalyst particles distributed across the outer surface of the structure; anda catalyst layer disposed over the plurality of catalyst particles and the outer surface of the structure;{'sub': '2', '#text': 'wherein each catalyst particle of the plurality of catalyst particles comprises a metal catalyst for reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) in the chemical cell, and'}{'sub': '2', '#text': 'wherein the catalyst layer comprises an oxide material for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) in the chemical cell.'}2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein:the substrate comprises a semiconductor material; andthe semiconductor material is configured to generate charge carriers upon absorption of solar radiation such that the chemical cell is configured as a photoelectrochemical system.3. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein:the structure comprises a substrate and an array of conductive projections supported by the substrate;the array of conductive projections defines the outer surface of the structure; andthe array of conductive projections are configured to extract the charge carriers generated in the substrate.4. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections comprises a respective nanowire.5. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections ...

Method for mounting oxygen-consuming electrodes in electrochemical cells and electrochemical cells

Method for the gastight and liquid-tight installation of oxygen consuming electrodes in an electrolysis apparatus, and electrolysis apparatus for use in chloralkali electrolysis, in which particular regions are covered with an additional film having a composition comparable to the oxygen-consuming electrodes.

Alkaline water electrolysis method and alkaline water electrolysis anode

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis technique such that the electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated, and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a long period of time even when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used a power source, and this object is realized by an alkaline water electrolysis method, in which an electrolytic solution obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing a hybrid cobalt hydroxide nanosheet (Co-NS) being a composite of a metal hydroxide and an organic substance is supplied to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber that form an electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic solution is used for electrolysis in each chamber in common, and an alkaline water electrolysis anode.

Metallic Coating With Macro-Pores

The present disclosure relates to coatings. For example, some embodiments may include methods for producing a coating comprising: depositing a metallic matrix on a substrate by electrochemical deposition using a deposition bath including carbon comprising particles and oxide particles dispersed therein; wherein the carbon comprising particles are embedded into the metallic matrix and pores are distributed in the coating; wherein at least 80% of the pores have a pore diameter in a range from 3 to 30 μm; wherein oxide particles are incorporated into and fixed in the pores during deposition and the oxide particles remain partially uncoated by the material of the metallic matrix.

SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSIS CELL, AND METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING SAME

A method for operating a solid oxide electrolysis cell which can suppress degradation of the hydrogen electrode, is provided. A method for operating a solid oxide electrolysis cell includes a hydrogen electrode, an oxygen electrode, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode. The hydrogen electrode includes a catalyst layer structured with Ni-containing particles dispersed and supported on a porous mixed ionic and electronic conducting oxide. The method includes an alternating operation in which a water vapor electrolysis operation and a fuel cell operation are repeated alternately. 113-. (canceled)14. A method for operating a solid oxide electrolysis cell comprising a hydrogen electrode , an oxygen electrode , and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode;the hydrogen electrode comprises a catalyst layer structured with Ni-containing particles dispersed and supported on a porous mixed ionic and electronic conducting oxide;the method comprises an alternating operation step in which a water vapor electrolysis operation and a fuel cell operation are repeated alternately;the hydrogen electrode has a double-layered structure comprising the catalyst layer and a current collecting layer contacting with the catalyst layer; andthe current collecting layer is structured with a cermet of Ni-containing particles and yttria-stabilized zirconia.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein:when a period beginning from start of operation of the electrolysis cell is referred to as an aging time, a period beginning from end of the aging time is referred to as an operating time, time for the water vapor electrolysis operation and time for the fuel cell operation within one cycle are represented as T1 and T2 respectively, and [T1/(T1+T2)] is represented as electrolysis operation time fraction,an electrolysis operation time fraction during the aging time is smaller than an electrolysis operation time ...

Metal-Metal Bonded Ammonia Oxidation Catalysts

Methods and catalysts for oxidizing ammonia to nitrogen are described. Specifically, diruthenium complexes that spontaneously catalyze this reaction are disclosed. Accordingly, the disclosed methods and catalysts can be used in various electrochemical cell-based energy storage and energy production applications that could form the basis for a potential nitrogen economy.

Biofertilizer and methods of making and using same

The disclosure provides a bioreactor system for conducting nitrogen fixation with renewable electricity to produce an engineered soil microbiome enriched in ammonia and carbon. The disclosure further provides an inorganic-biological hybrid bioreactor system that couples the generation of H 2 by electricity-dependent H 2 O-splitting with the nitrogen-fixing capabilities of autotrophic, N 2 -fixing microorganisms to cultivate NH 3 -enriched and/or carbon-enriched biomass. The disclosure also provides methods for using NH 3 -enriched and/or carbon-enriched biomass for applications, such as, biofertilizers for improving the characteristics and performance of soils, e.g., to enhance the yield of agricultural crops. The disclosure further provides biofertilizers, as well as engineered soils and seeds augmented with a biofertilizer.

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS

An electrically conductive substrate contains at least titanium. An intermediate layer is provided on a primary surface of the electrically conductive substrate. A composite layer is provided on the intermediate layer. The composite layer includes tantalum layers and catalyst layers. Each of the catalyst layers contains platinum and iridium. Each of the tantalum layers is made from tantalum oxide, tantalum, or a mixture of tantalum oxide and tantalum. The tantalum layers and the catalyst layers are alternately stacked one layer by one layer in a thickness direction of the electrically conductive substrate. A bottom layer of the composite layer closest to the primary surface of the electrically conductive substrate is constituted by one tantalum layer of the tantalum layers. A top layer of the composite layer furthest from the electrically conductive substrate is constituted by one catalyst layer of the catalyst layers. 1. An electrode for electrolysis , comprising:an electrically conductive substrate containing at least titanium;an intermediate layer on a primary surface of the electrically conductive substrate; anda composite layer on the intermediate layer, a plurality of tantalum layers each of which is made from tantalum oxide, tantalum, or a mixture of tantalum oxide and tantalum, and', 'a plurality of catalyst layers each of which contains platinum and iridium,, 'the composite layer including'}the plurality of tantalum layers and the plurality of catalyst layers being alternately stacked one layer by one layer in a thickness direction of the electrically conductive substrate,a bottom layer of the composite layer closest to the primary surface of the electrically conductive substrate being constituted by one tantalum layer of the plurality of tantalum layers, anda top layer of the composite layer furthest from the electrically conductive substrate being constituted by one catalyst layer of the plurality of catalyst layers.2. The electrode for electrolysis of ...

Conductive, Anticorrosive Magnesium Titanium Oxide Material

An electrolyzer system includes an anticorrosive, conductive material including a first oxide having oxygen vacancies and a formula (Ia): MgTiO (Ia), where δ is any number between 0 and 3 including a fractional part denoting the oxygen vacancies; and a second oxide having a formula (II): TiO(II), where 1<=a<=20 and 1<=b<=30, optionally including a fractional part, the first and second oxides of formulas (Ia) and (II) forming a polycrystalline matrix within the electrolyzer system. 2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the polycrystalline matrix is porous.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the porous polycrystalline matrix is structured as a catalyst support.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein Mg/Ti ratio is about 0.01-0.8.5. The system of further comprising a porous transport layer (PTL) including the anticorrosive claim 1 , conductive material.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the polycrystalline matrix includes nanofibers with a diameter of about 10 to 250 nm.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the TiOis TiO.8. The system of further comprising a bipolar plate including the polycrystalline matrix.10. The material of claim 9 , wherein the material is a porous microfiber.11. The material of claim 9 , wherein the matrix comprises sintered fibers.12. The material of claim 9 , wherein the fractional part in a claim 9 , b claim 9 , or both is included.13. The material of claim 9 , wherein the matrix forms a surface layer of a component in the electrochemical cell.14. The material of claim 9 , wherein the electrochemical cell is an electrolyzer.16. The component of claim 15 , wherein the component is a bipolar plate.17. The component of claim 15 , wherein the component is a porous transport layer material.18. The component of claim 15 , wherein the electrochemical cell is an electrolyzer.19. The component of claim 15 , wherein the material has excess Ti such that 0 Подробнее

SULFUR-DOPED CARBONACEOUS POROUS MATERIALS

The present invention relates to novel sulfur-doped carbonaceous porous materials. The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of these materials and to the use of these materials in applications such as gas adsorption, mercury and gold capture, gas storage and as catalysts or catalyst supports. 1. A process for the preparation of a sulfur-doped carbonaceous porous material , the process comprising the steps of:i) preparing a sulfur-based polymer by reacting elemental sulfur with one or more organic crosslinking agents, wherein the organic crosslinking agent(s) comprises two or more carbon-carbon double bonds;ii) carbonising the sulfur-based polymer of step (i) in the presence of at least one porosity enhancement agent.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-doped carbonaceous porous material comprises greater than or equal to 5 wt % sulfur.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfur-doped carbonaceous porous material comprises greater than or equal to 10 wt % sulfur.4. A process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the porosity enhancement agent is an inorganic base claim 1 , an inorganic acid or an inorganic salt.5. A process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the porosity enhancement agent is selected from potassium hydroxide claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , sodium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium chloride claim 1 , magnesium chloride claim 1 , or zinc chloride.6. A process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the porosity enhancement agent is an inorganic base (e.g. potassium hydroxide).7. A process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the carbonisation of step (ii) is conducted at a temperature of between 500° C. and 1000° C.8. A process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the carbonisation of step (ii) is conducted at a temperature of between 650° C. and 850° C.9. A process according to any one of to claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of sulfur-based polymer to porosity ...

REDUCTION ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Provided is a reduction electrode for electrolysis and a manufacturing method thereof, the reduction electrode including a metal substrate and an active layer positioned on at least one surface of the metal substrate, wherein the active layer includes ruthenium oxide, a platinum oxide, and a cerium oxide. When the active layer is uniformly divided into a plurality of pixels, the standard deviation of the composition of ruthenium between the plurality of pixels formed by uniformly dividing the active layer is 0.4 or less, and N atoms in the active layer are present in an amount of 20-60 mol % based on ruthenium. 1. A reduction electrode for electrolysis comprising a metal substrate and an active layer positioned on at least one surface of the metal substrate , wherein:the active layer includes a ruthenium oxide, a platinum oxide, and a cerium oxide;when the active layer is uniformly divided into a plurality of pixels, the standard deviation of the composition of ruthenium between the plurality of pixels uniformly divided is 0.4 or less; andN atoms in the active layer are present in an amount of 20-60 mol % based on ruthenium.2. The reduction electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein the standard deviation of the composition of ruthenium is 0.35 or less.3. The reduction electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein the active layer comprises claim 1 , based on 100 mol % in total of metal components in the active layer claim 1 , the ruthenium in an amount of 3-7 mol %.4. The reduction electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein the active layer comprises cerium and ruthenium in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.5.5. The reduction electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrogen adsorption layer positioned on the active layer and including one or more selected from the group consisting of a tantalum oxide claim 1 , a nickel oxide claim 1 , and carbon.6. A method for manufacturing the reduction electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , the method ...

Anode catalyst layer for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

A catalyst layer including: (i) a first catalytic material, wherein the first catalytic material facilitates a hydrogen oxidation reaction suitably selected from platinum group metals, gold, silver, base metals or an oxide thereof; and (ii) a second catalytic material, wherein the second catalytic material facilitates an oxygen evolution reaction, wherein the second catalytic material includes iridium or iridium oxide and one or more metals M or an oxide thereof, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of transition metals and Sn, wherein the transition metal is preferably selected from the group IVB, VB and VIB; and the first catalytic material is supported on the second catalytic material. The catalyst can be used in fuel cells, supported on electrodes or polymeric membranes for increasing tolerance to cell voltage reversal.

Composite protective layer for photoelectrode structure, photoelectrode structure including the composite protective layer, and photoelectrochemical cell including photoelectrode structure

A composite protective layer for a photoelectrode, the composite protective layer including a chemical protective layer; and a physical protective layer, wherein the chemical protective layer has corrosion rate of 0.1 Coulombs per square centimeter per 10 hours or less when evaluated at a water decomposition potential, and the physical protective layer has a moisture transmittance rate of 0.001 grams per square meter per day or less and has an electrical conductivity.

Hydrogen generation electrode and artificial photosynthesis module

A hydrogen generation electrode is used for an artificial photosynthesis module that decomposes an electrolytic aqueous solution into hydrogen and oxygen with light. The hydrogen generation electrode has a conductive layer, an inorganic semiconductor layer that is provided on the conductive layer and has a pn junction, and a functional layer that covers an inorganic semiconductor layer. The steam permeability of the functional layer is 5 g/(m 2 ·day) or less.

CARBON-SUPPORTED AND SURFACE-ENGINEERED PLATINUM NANOCUBE CATALYST, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND AMMONIA DECOMPOSITION DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a carbon-supported and surface-engineered platinum nanocube catalyst having excellent ammonia oxidation activity, a method for preparing the same, and an ammonia decomposition device including the same. 1. A carbon-supported and surface-engineered platinum nanocube catalyst comprising:a carbon-based support;platinum nanocubes supported on the carbon-based support; andindividual iridium atoms with which surfaces of the platinum nanocubes are decorated.2. The carbon-supported and surface-engineered platinum nanocube catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the platinum nanocube is a hexahedron having an edge length of 8 nm to 15 nm.3. The carbon-supported and surface-engineered platinum nanocube catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio between the platinum nanocubes and the iridium atoms is 150:1 to 30:1.4. The carbon-supported and surface-engineered platinum nanocube catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising nickel hydroxide clusters with which the surfaces of the platinum nanocubes are decorated.5. The carbon-supported and surface-engineered platinum nanocube catalyst of claim 1 , which shows an onset potential of 0.4 V to 0.6 V in ammonia oxidation reaction.6. A method for preparing the carbon-supported and surface-engineered platinum nanocube catalyst of claim 1 , the method comprising steps of:preparing platinum nanocubes;preparing carbon-supported platinum nanocubes by supporting the platinum nanocubes on carbon; andpreparing carbon-supported platinum nanocubes surface-decorated with iridium atoms by decorating the surfaces of the carbon-supported platinum nanocubes with iridium atoms.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of preparing the platinum nanocubes comprises:heating a first solution containing a platinum precursor to a first temperature;heating the first solution, heated to the first temperature, to a second temperature while bubbling carbon monoxide; andmaintaining the first solution, heated to the second temperature, at ...

ELECTROCATALYSTS COMPRISING TRANSITION METALS AND CHALCOGEN FOR OXYGEN EVOLUTION REACTIONS (OER) AND MANUFACTURING THEREOF

The present description relates to metal alloy electrocatalysts, preferably composed of Ni and Co as transition metals and Se as a chalcogen. The electrocatalysts can take the form of nanochalcogenides that can be made using cryogenic milling followed by surfactant-assistant milling. The electrocatalysts can be used in the context of water electrolysis or electroreduction of COgas into carbon based products. 1. A process for producing a nanochalcogenide for use in electrocatalysis , comprising:subjecting at least two transition metals and at least one chalcogen to cryogenic milling to produce an alloyed chalcogenide material;subjecting the alloyed chalcogenide material to surfactant-assisted milling to produce a slurry comprising a nanochalcogenide; andseparating the nanochalcogenide from the slurry.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cryogenic milling comprises cryogenic ball milling.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the cryogenic milling comprises linear vibrational milling performed at speeds of 25 Hz to 35 Hz.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the cryogenic ball milling is performed at a ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) of 8:1 to 12:1 on a mass basis.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloyed chalcogenide material produced by cryogenic milling comprises particles having an average size above 1000 nm claim 1 , measured using DLS or SEM.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloyed chalcogenide material produced by cryogenic milling comprises MME and/or (MM)E claim 1 , wherein Mis a first transition metal claim 1 , Mis a second transition metal and E is a chalcogen claim 1 , and is a single phase.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant-assisted milling comprises surfactant-assisted ball milling performed in the presence of at least one surfactant and a solvent.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol and the least one surfactant comprises diphenylphosphoryl acid (DPPA) claim 7 , or oleic acid claim 7 , or CRAB ...

PHOTOSENSITIZER FOR A PHOTOCATHODE

An improved photosensitizer for a photocathode comprises an oligomeric or polymeric chromphore absorbing, as an ensemble, light at (a) wavelengths at or greater than 420 nm that includes at least 3 identical or different suitable monomeric chromophore units carrying at least two substituents each comprising at least one alkylene, alkenylene and/or alkynylene chain having a chain length of at least 3 carbon atoms, those substituents being terminated by thiol groups, wherein the oligomeric or polymeric chromphore has a disulfide bond between each of the chromophores. A photocathode comprising the photosensitzer is useful for the reduction of water-soluble chemicals in oxidized forms, including protons, with the aid of visible light in a system comprising the photocathode and a photoanode or any other anode or source of electrons. A method for reducing chemicals soluble in aqueous media in oxidized forms, including protons, in aqueous solutions by means of the photocathode is also disclosed. 110.-. (canceled)11. A photosensitizer , wherein the photosensitizer comprises an oligomeric or polymeric chromphore which absorbs , as an ensemble , light at wavelengths of 420 nm or longer and comprises (i) at least 3 identical or different monomeric chromophore units carrying at least two substituents and each comprising at least one alkylene , alkenylene and/or alkynylene chain having a chain length of at least 3 carbon atoms and being terminated by thiol groups , and (ii) disulfide bonds between the chromophores , prepared by combining two thiol groups of two individual monomeric units by oligomerization or poylmerization of the monomeric units to form the oligomeric or polymeric chromphore.12. The photosensitizer of claim 11 , wherein the photosensitizer further comprises at least one crosslinking agent that reacts with excess thiol groups not involved in forming the disulfide bonds.13. The photosensitizer of claim 12 , wherein the at least one crosslinking agent does not ...

Water electrolysis electrode containing catalyst having three-dimensional nanosheet structure, method for manufacturing same, and water electrolysis device including same

The present invention provides a water electrolysis electrode including a catalyst having a three-dimensional nanosheet structure with a low overvoltage and excellent catalytic activity, a method for producing the same, and a water electrolysis device including the same. The water electrolysis electrode according to the present invention includes a catalyst layer, which includes a composite metal oxide and has a three-dimensional nanosheet structure, and an electrode substrate. The method for producing a water electrolysis electrode according to the present invention comprises steps of: immersing an electrode substrate in an electrolyte solution containing metal oxide precursors; electrodepositing composite metal hydroxides by applying a voltage to the electrode substrate; and forming a composite metal oxide by annealing the electrode substrate. The water electrolysis device according to the present invention includes the water electrolysis electrode according to the present invention as an anode.

Hydrocarbon-selective electrode

An electrode, which includes at least one tetragonally crystallized compound containing at least one element selected from the group of Cu and Ag, the crystal lattice of the compound being of the space group I41/amd type. An electrolysis cell includes the electrode.

STABLE HYDROGEN EVOLUTION ELECTROCATALYST BASED ON 3D METAL NANOSTRUCTURES ON A TI SUBSTRATE

The present invention relates to an electrocatalyst comprising a Ti substrate coated with a 3D Cu nanostructured matrix decorated with a mixture of amorphous TiOand nanoparticles of a noble metal, preferably Pt nanoparticles, an electrochemical cell comprising said electrocatalyst and their use for hydrogen production via hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in basic conditions. The present invention also refers to an in situ process for the preparation of said electrocatalyst and simultaneous production of hydrogen, comprising the steps of: (a) providing an electrochemical cell having a 3-electrode configuration comprising a starting working electrode which comprises a Ti substrate coated with vertically oriented CuO nanoplatelets, the cell further comprising a counter electrode and a reference electrode; (b) adding an aqueous basic electrolyte solution to the cell of step (a), said aqueous basic electrolyte solution comprising a precursor of a noble metal, preferably a Pt precursor; (c) applying a negative potential with respect to the reference electrode to the cell of step b). 1. An electrocatalyst comprising a Ti substrate coated with a 3D Cu nanostructured matrix decorated with a mixture of amorphous TiOnanoparticles and nanoparticles of a noble metal.2. Electrocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles of a noble metal have a density of between 30 and 60 μg/cm.3. Electrocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles of a noble metal have a mean diameter measured by HRTEM technique of between 0.5 and 4 nm.4. Electrocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is selected from the group consisting of:platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru) and gold (Au).5. Electrocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the amorphous TiOnanoparticles have a mean diameter measured by HRTEM technique of between 0.5 and 10 nm.6. Electrocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the 3D Cu nanostructured matrix forms a layer on the Ti substrate ...

Electrochemical device

An electrochemical device of an embodiment includes: an electrochemical cell including a first electrode having a first flow path, a second electrode having a second flow path, and a separating membrane sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode; a gas-liquid separation tank which is connected to the first flow path of the first electrode and to which a product produced at the first electrode and water permeating from the second electrode to the first electrode are sent at an operation time; and a water sealing pipe which is connected to a liquid portion of the gas-liquid separation tank, and to send water in the gas-liquid separation tank to the first flow path of the first electrode at a stop time.

ACTIVE LAYER COMPOSITION OF REDUCTION ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS AND REDUCTION ELECTRODE DERIVED THEREFROM

Provided is an active layer composition of a reduction electrode for brine electrolysis containing a metal precursor mixture containing a ruthenium precursor, a platinum precursor, and a lanthanide metal precursor, and an organic solvent containing an alcohol-based compound and an amine-based compound. Also provided is a reduction electrode containing a metal substrate and an active layer that is a dried and heat treated active layer composition positioned on the metal substrate. 1. An active layer composition of a reduction electrode for brine electrolysis , the active layer composition comprising:a metal precursor mixture including a ruthenium precursor, a platinum precursor, and a lanthanide metal precursor; andan organic solvent including an alcohol-based compound and an amine-based compound.2. The active layer composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine-based compound is present in an amount of 0.5-10 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the organic solvent.3. The active layer composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor mixture comprises claim 1 , based on 1 mole of the ruthenium precursor claim 1 , the platinum precursor in an amount of 0.01-0.7 mole.4. The active layer composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor mixture comprises claim 1 , based on 1 mole of the ruthenium precursor claim 1 , the lanthanide metal precursor in an amount of 0.01-0.5 mole.5. The active layer composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine-based compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of n-octylamine claim 1 , t-octylamine claim 1 , isooctylamine claim 1 , trioctylamine claim 1 , oleylamine claim 1 , tributylamine claim 1 , and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.6. The active layer composition of claim 1 , wherein the lanthanide metal precursor comprises one or more lanthanide metals selected from the group consisting of cerium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , promethium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , terbium ...

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE NANOFIBERS FOR POLYMER MEMBRANE-BASED ELECTROLYSIS

The invention preferably relates to an electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen with a layer system comprising at least one pair of catalytically active layers between which a polymer membrane is arranged, wherein the layer system comprises electrically conductive ceramic or metallic nanofibers. In particular, the layer system comprises a pair of catalytically active layers, as well as transport layers close to the anode and/or close to the cathode, wherein the pair of catalytically active layers comprises catalytically active nanoparticles, and wherein, in order to increase in-plane conductivity or connectivity of the catalytically active nanoparticles, an intermediate layer comprising ceramic or metallic nanofibers is present between one of the catalytically active layers and one of the transport layers, or metallic or ceramic nanofibers are present within one of the catalytically active layers in addition to the catalytically active nanoparticles. The nanofibers can themselves be catalytically active or catalytically inactive. 1. Electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen and oxygen with a layer system comprising at least one pair of catalytically active layers between which a polymer membrane is arranged , wherein the layer system comprises the following layers:a pair of catalytically active layers to form an anode and a cathode, andan anode-side transport layer and/or a cathode-side transport layer, (i) an intermediate layer comprising ceramic or metallic nanofibers is present between one of the catalytically active layers and a transport layer, or', '(ii) wherein ceramic or metallic nanofibers are present within one of the catalytically active layers in addition to the catalytically active nanoparticles,, 'wherein the pair of catalytically active layers comprises catalytically active nanoparticles and wherein to improve connectivity of the catalytically active nanoparticleswherein the nanoparticles exhibit a maximum dimension of 1 nm-1000 nm and a ...

Artificial lung for electrocatalysis

An electrochemical gas conversion device is provided, that includes a flexible membrane formed in a sack-shape, where the membrane includes a gas permeable and liquid-impermeable membrane, where at least a portion of the flexible membrane is surrounded by a liquid electrolyte held by a housing, where the flexible membrane includes a gas interior, an electrically conductive catalyst coating on an exterior surface of the flexible membrane, where the flexible membrane and the electrically conductive catalyst coating are configured as a anode or a cathode, and an inlet/outlet tube configured to flow the gas to the interior, from the interior, or to and from the interior of the flexible membrane. 1) An electrochemical gas conversion device , comprising:a) a flexible membrane formed in a sack-shape, wherein said membrane comprises a gas permeable and liquid-impermeable membrane, wherein at least a portion of said flexible membrane is surrounded by a liquid electrolyte held by a housing, wherein said flexible membrane comprises a gas interior;b) an electrically conductive catalyst coating on an exterior surface of said flexible membrane, wherein said flexible membrane and said electrically conductive catalyst coating are configured as an anode or a cathode; andc) an inlet/outlet tube configured to flow said gas to said interior, from said interior, or to and from said interior of said flexible membrane.2) The electrochemical gas conversion device of claim 1 , wherein said membrane comprises a nanoporous polyethylene (PE) membrane.3) The electrochemical gas conversion device of claim 1 , wherein said liquid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of a potassium hydroxide electrolyte claim 1 , and a potassium bicarbonate electrolyte.4) The electrochemical gas conversion device of claim 1 , wherein said electrically conductive catalyst coating comprises an electrocatalysts.5) The electrochemical gas conversion device of claim 1 , wherein said membrane further ...

CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION ELECTRO CATALYSTS PREPARED FOR METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS

A pyrolyzed MOF catalyst for in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction and methods of making the catalyst. The catalysts are composed of highly porous transition metal organic frameworks exhibiting large pores with regular distribution of transition metals within the structure. 1. A pyrolyzed metal organic framework for carbon dioxide reduction reaction catalyst comprising:a pyrolyzed metal organic framework consisting of nitrogen-free carbonaceous supports and zero valence transition metals, the metal organic framework consisting of pores having a pore size of 10-15 angstroms2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a selectivity of at least 95% for single product formation.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a dual selectivity of at least 95% for single product formation.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a powder having an average grain size of 25 nm.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a selectivity of at least 70% for single product formation.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the catalyst has a selectivity of at least 90% for single product formation.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal organic framework includes a dopant.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of: Cu claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cu/Zn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Fe and Co.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is Co.10. A pyrolyzed metal organic framework for carbon dioxide reduction reaction catalyst comprising:a pyrolyzed metal organic framework comprising nitrogen-free carbonaceous supports having pores wherein transition metal microcrystallites are positioned within at least a portion of the pores, the transition metal microcrystallites being in a zero valence state.11. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst has a selectivity of at least 95% for single product formation.12. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst has a dual ...

GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL HAVING A GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE

A gas diffusion electrode for carbon dioxide utilization, including a metal substrate and an electrically conductive catalyst layer, which is applied to the metal substrate and has hydrophilic pores and/or channels and hydrophobic pores and/or channels, wherein the catalyst layer includes metal particles and a first polymeric binding material; and a porous gas diffusion layer containing the first polymeric binding material is formed on the surface of the catalyst layer. A method produces a gas diffusion electrode for CO2 utilization and an electrolytic cell has a corresponding gas diffusion electrode. 1. A gas diffusion electrode for the utilization of carbon dioxide , comprising:a metallic support, andan electrically conductive catalyst layer which has been applied to the metallic support and has hydrophilic pores and/or channels and hydrophobic pores and/or channels,wherein the catalyst layer comprises metallic particles and a first polymeric binder material and a porous gas diffusion layer containing the first polymeric binder material has been formed on the surface of the catalyst layer.2. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the gas diffusion layer has a porosity of more than 70%.3. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein a fluoropolymer is used as first polymeric binder material.4. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed claim 1 ,wherein the thickness of the catalyst layer is in the range from 5 nm to 500 nm.5. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the first polymeric binder material is embedded partly within the pores and/or channels of the catalyst layer.6. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the differential pressure based on the passage of a fluid medium through the gas diffusion layer is in the range from 20 mbar to 220 mbar.7. The gas diffusion electrode as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the hydrostatic pressure based on passage of a fluid medium through the gas diffusion ...

Nitrided component surface repair

A plunger for fuel injection assembly is provided. The plunger includes a nitrided surface. The nitrided surface includes a damaged area. An electroless material is coated on the damaged area.

Electrochemical electrode comprising tin-based catalyst, method of making, and method of use

An electrochemical electrode comprising a tin-based catalyst, method of making, and method of use are provided. Catalyst particles are prepared which comprise tin deposits of about 0.1 nm to 10 nm deposited onto carbon support. Preparing an ink comprising the catalyst particles and a binder enable an electrode to be prepared comprising the catalyst particles bound to an electrode substrate. The electrode may then be used in an apparatus and process to reduce carbon dioxide to products such as formate and formic acid at Faradaic Efficiencies up to 95 percent.

ENERGY TRANSFERRING TYPE PHOTOELECTRODE, MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR THE SAME, AND WATER DECOMPOSITION SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to an energy transferring type photoelectrode including a substrate; a photoactive layer formed on the substrate; and a catalyst layer formed on the photoactive layer, in which an emission spectrum region of the photoactive layer and an absorption spectrum region of the catalyst layer overlap. 1. An energy transferring type photoelectrode , comprising:a substrate;a photoactive layer formed on the substrate; anda catalyst layer formed on the photoactive layer,wherein an emission spectrum region of the photoactive layer and an absorption spectrum region of the catalyst layer overlap.2. The energy transferring type photoelectrode of claim 1 , wherein holes claim 1 , electrons claim 1 , or energy generated from the photoactive layer are transmitted to the catalyst layer.3. The energy transferring type photoelectrode of claim 2 , wherein a catalyst performance of the catalyst layer is improved by the holes claim 2 , the electrons claim 2 , or the energy.4. The energy transferring type photoelectrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layer has a porous structure.5. The energy transferring type photoelectrode of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst layer includes pores of 1 nm or less.6. The energy transferring type photoelectrode of claim 1 , wherein the photoactive layer includes one selected from the group consisting of BiVO claim 1 , CuO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , WO claim 1 , MoS claim 1 , MoSe claim 1 , MoTe claim 1 , WS claim 1 , WSe claim 1 , WTe claim 1 , SnS claim 1 , SnSe claim 1 , SnTe claim 1 , ReS claim 1 , ReSe claim 1 , ReTe claim 1 , TaS claim 1 , TaSe claim 1 , TaTe claim 1 , TiS claim 1 , TiSe claim 1 , TiTe claim 1 , and a combination thereof.7. The energy transferring type photoelectrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layer includes one selected from the group consisting of a metal-organic framework (MOF) claim 1 , a zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF) claim 1 , zeolite claim 1 , and a combination thereof.8. The ...

High performance fuel electrode for a solid oxide electrochemical cell

A high performance anode (fuel electrode) for use in a solid oxide electrochemical cell is obtained by a process comprising the steps of (a) providing a suitably doped, stabilized zirconium oxide electrolyte, such as YSZ, ScYSZ, with an anode side having a coating of electronically conductive perovskite oxides selected from the group consisting of niobium-doped strontium titanate, vanadium-doped strontium titanate, tantalum-doped strontium titanate and mixtures thereof, thereby obtaining a porous anode backbone, (b) sintering the coated electrolyte at a high temperature, such as 1200° C. in a reducing atmosphere, for a sufficient period of time, (c) effecting a precursor infiltration of a mixed catalyst into the backbone, said catalyst comprising a combination of noble metals Pd or Pt or Pd or Ru and Ni with rare earth metals, such as Ce or Gd, said infiltration consisting of (1) infiltration of Pd, Ru and CGO containing chloride/nitrate precursors and (2) infiltration of Ni and CGO containing nitrate precursors, and (d) subjecting the resulting structure of step (c) to heat treatments, including heat treatments in several steps with infiltration.

Titanium-based active electrodes with high stability coating layer

The patent provides a method for preparing titanium-based active electrodes with high stability coating layer, which belongs to the field of electrochemistry. The patent describes the active electrode is used titanium as the substrate, multi-metal oxides as the activated catalytic layer, and dense oxides as the protective layer. The multi-metal catalytic layer is formed by pyrolysis method to form the main body of titanium-based catalytic layer, and the dense oxide protective layer is combined with Sol-gel method and electrochemical deposition method to form a dense protective layer of titanium base. It can be widely used in chlor-alkali industry, paper industry, sewage treatment and other fields.

Reduction catalyst, and chemical reactor, reduction method and reduction product-producing system employing the catalyst

The present embodiments provide a reduction catalyst realizing high reaction efficiency and a reduction reactor employing the catalyst. The reduction catalyst of the embodiment comprises an electric conductor and an organic layer having organic modifying groups placed on the surface of the conductor. The organic modifying groups have an aromatic ring having two or more nitrogen atoms. The reduction catalyst is used in a reduction reactor, and the reactor is also provided.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

An electrolyser (F) for generating hydrogen from water, the electrolyser comprising an electrode (), the electrode () comprising nanoparticles selected from Group 1 nanoparticles or alloys or composites or mixtures thereof. 125-. (canceled)26. An electrolyser for generating hydrogen from water , the electrolyser comprising an electrode , the electrode comprising nanoparticles comprising Group 11 elements , or alloys of Group 11 elements , or composites or mixtures of Group 11 elements.27. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , wherein the electrode is a cathode.28. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , further comprising a proton exchange membrane (PEM).29. An electrolyser according to claim 28 , wherein the PEM comprises an acidic polymer.30. An electrolyser according to claim 29 , wherein the PEM comprises a sulfonated fluorinated hydrocarbon selected from sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene or a sulphonated poly-sulphone (SPSF).31. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , further comprising an anode comprising iridium dioxide (IrO).32. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise one or more of nanocubes claim 26 , nanowires or nanospheres.33. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of silver (Ag) or copper (Cu) claim 26 , or gold (Au) claim 26 , or alloys or mixtures of two or more of silver (Ag) claim 26 , copper (Cu) claim 26 , or gold (Au).34. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise a shell-core composite structure.35. An electrolyser according to claim 34 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise an Ag-shell and a core composite structure.36. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise a morphology dominated by {100} facets.37. An electrolyser according to claim 26 , further comprising a power supply arranged to supply a voltage and a counter electrode claim 26 , the electrode and the counter electrode connected or connectable to the ...

An electrolytic composition and cathode for the nitrogen reduction reaction

The invention provides a cathode for the nitrogen reduction reaction, comprising an electrically conductive substrate and an electrocatalytic composition on the substrate, wherein the electrocatalytic composition comprises: a support material present in one or more crystalline phases; and metallic clusters dispersed on the support material, the metallic clusters comprising at least one metal selected from ruthenium, iron, rhodium, iridium and molybdenum, wherein at least 80 mass % of the support material is present in a semiconductive crystalline phase having a conduction band minimum energy below (more positive than) −0.3 V relative to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE).

CORE/SHELL-VACANCY ENGINEERING (CSVE) OF CATALYSTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CO2 REDUCTION

The invention relates to a catalyst system for electrocatalyzing conversion of COinto multi-carbon hydrocarbons and/or alcohols, and to the method to produce it. The catalyst comprises a core-shell structure comprising a core that is composed of metal sulphide and a shell that is composed of a metal with vacancies. 138-. (canceled)39. A catalyst system for electrocatalyzing conversion of COinto multi-carbon hydrocarbons and/or alcohols , characterised in that the catalyst system comprises a core-shell structure comprising a core that is composed of a metal sulphide and a shell having a lower sulphur content than the core and that is composed of a metal with vacancies; in that the metal of the core and the metal of the shell are the same metal; and in that the shell has a thickness that is ranging between 1 nm to 3 nm as determined by EDS line scan measurement , wherein EDS line scan is carried out using a JEM-ARM 200F Atomic Resolution Analytical Microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV.40. The catalyst system of claim 39 , characterised in that the metal of the core and the metal of the shell are copper.41. The catalyst system of claim 39 , characterised in that the core-shell structure is core-shell particles claim 39 , preferably core-shell nanoparticles claim 39 , with preference:the nanoparticles have a spherical shape; and/orthe nanoparticles have an average diameter ranging between 3 nm and 30 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with preference ranging between 5 nm and 10 nm.42. The catalyst system of claim 39 , characterised in that the catalyst system comprises copper and sulphur claim 39 , and in that copper and sulphur are distributed evenly throughout the core and/or copper and sulphur are present in a non-stoichiometric ratio.43. The catalyst system of claim 39 , characterised in that the core of the core-shell particles comprises or consists of a djurleite phase; and/or the core of the core-shell particles has a ...

Water splitting method

The present invention provides a method for splitting water. In the present method, first, prepared is a water splitting device comprising: cathode and anode containers in which first and second electrolyte solutions are stored respectively; a proton exchange membrane disposed therebetween; a cathode electrode in contact with the first electrolyte solution and comprises a metal or metal compound; and an anode electrode in contact with the second electrolyte solution and comprises a nitride semiconductor layer. Then, the anode electrode is irradiated with light to split water contained in the first electrolyte solution. The anode electrode comprises a cobalt oxide layer formed of Co 3 O 4 as a main component on a surface of the nitride semiconductor layer; the surface of the nitride semiconductor layer being in contact with the second electrolyte solution. The cathode electrode is electrically connected to the anode electrode without an external power supply.

Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst

Systems and methods for a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst are provided. Electrode material includes a plurality of clusters. The electrode exhibits bifunctionality with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction. The electrode with clusters exhibits improved performance with respect to the intrinsic material of the electrode absent the clusters.

Method for generating oxygen and water electrolysis device

The present invention provides a method for efficiently generating oxygen by electrolyzing water using a copper delafossite compound as an anode. First, in the present invention, a water electrolysis device is prepared. The water electrolysis device comprises container, a power supply, an anode, a cathode; and an aqueous electrolytic solution. The anode and the cathode are in contact with the aqueous electrolytic solution. The anode has a copper rhodium delafossite compound represented by a chemical formula CuRhO 2 . The copper rhodium delafossite compound is in contact with the aqueous electrolytic solution. Then, an electric potential difference is applied between the cathode and the anode using the power supply to generate oxygen on the anode due to electrolysis of water which occurs on the copper rhodium delafossite compound.

Anode for oxygen evolution

An electrode for electrochemical processes comprises a substrate of titanium or other valve metal, an intermediate protection layer based on valve metal oxides and a catalytic layer based on oxides of tin and of iridium doped with small amounts of oxides of elements selected between bismuth, antimony, tantalum and niobium. The electrode used in electrometallurgical processes, for example in the electrowinning of metals, as anode for anodic oxygen evolution presents a reduced overvoltage and a higher duration.

Method for producing core shell nanoparticles

An electrode material which may be used in an electrochemical cell used to convert carbon dioxide into useful products, such as synthetic fuel. The electrode material may comprise nano-sized core-shell catalyst (i.e., core-shell nanoparticles, or CSNs) having a catalytic core component encompassed by one or more outer shells, wherein at least one of the outer shells has a mesoporous structure. Electrochemical cells, electrochemical cell electrodes, and methods of making CSNs are also provided.

Device for solar light driven co2 reduction in water

Method and photo-electrochemical system using Cu(In,Ga)Se2 CIGS for reducing electrochemically CO2 into CO using as catalyst a metal complex with quaterpyridine ligand, the electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, an anode, a cathodic electrolyte comprising water as the solvent, and a power supply providing the energy necessary to trigger the electrochemical reactions.

PASSIVATING AGENTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

Articles and methods involving electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell preproducts comprising passivating agents are generally provided. In certain embodiments, an electrochemical cell includes first and second passivating agents. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell may include a first electrode comprising a first surface, a second electrode (e.g., a counter electrode with respect to the first electrode) comprising a second surface, a first passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the first surface, and a second passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the second surface. 1. (canceled)2. An electrochemical cell , comprising:a first electrode comprising lithium, the first electrode comprising a first surface;a second electrode, the second electrode comprising a second surface;an electrolyte;a first passivating agent, wherein the first passivating agent comprises a carbamate group;a second passivating agent, wherein the second passivating agent comprises an (oxalato)borate group, and wherein the second passivating agent is present in the electrolyte at greater than or equal to 0.2 wt %.3. An electrochemical cell , comprising:a first electrode comprising lithium, the first electrode comprising a first surface;a second electrode, the second electrode comprising a second surface;an electrolyte;a first passivating agent, wherein the first passivating agent comprises a carbamate group;a second passivating agent, wherein the second passivating agent comprises one or more of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, a species that is capable of undergoing polymerization to form a layer on the cathode during cell cycling, and a species absent a vinyl group but is capable of developing a vinyl group upon electrochemical cell cycling.4. An electrochemical cell , comprising:a first electrode comprising lithium, the first electrode comprising a first surface;a second electrode, the second electrode comprising a second surface;an electrolyte;a ...

Photochemical reaction system

According to one embodiment, a photochemical reaction system comprises a CO 2 production unit, a CO 2 absorption unit, and a CO 2 reduction unit. The CO 2 reduction unit comprises a laminated body and an ion transfer pathway. The laminated body comprises an oxidation catalyst layer producing O 2 and H + by oxidizing H 2 O, a reduction catalyst layer producing carbon compounds by reducing CO 2 absorbed by the CO 2 absorption unit, and a semiconductor layer formed between the oxidation catalyst layer and the reduction catalyst layer and develops charge separation with light energy. The ion transfer pathways make ions move between the oxidation catalyst layer side and the reduction catalyst layer side.

BORON-DOPED COPPER CATALYSTS FOR EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF CO2 TO MULTI-CARBON HYDROCARBONS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS

The invention relates to a catalyst system for catalyzing conversion of carbon dioxide into multi-carbon compounds comprising a boron-doped copper catalytic material and associated methods. 123-. (canceled)24. A catalyst system for catalyzing conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into multi-carbon compounds , the catalyst system characterized in that the catalyst system comprises a boron-doped copper catalytic material , wherein the boron-doped copper catalytic material has a boron concentration that decreases with depth into the material , and further wherein the boron-doped copper catalytic material has a boron concentration of about 4-7 mol % proximate at the external surface of the catalyst and has a boron concentration below about 4 mol % beyond a depth of about 7 nm from the external surface; the boron concentration determined by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.25. The catalyst system of claim 24 , characterized in that the boron-doped copper catalytic material has a porous dendritic morphology.26. The catalyst system of claim 24 , characterized in that the boron-doped copper catalytic material has a particle size ranging from 30 to 40 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy.27. The catalyst system of claim 24 , characterized in that the copper comprises Cu (111).28. The catalyst system of claim 24 , characterized in that the catalyst system further comprises:a gas-diffusion layer; anda catalyst layer comprising the boron-doped copper catalytic material applied to the gas-diffusion layer.29. A method to produce the boron-doped copper catalytic material for a catalyst system according to claim 24 , characterized in that the copper comprises Cu (111); and in that the boron-doped copper catalytic material is prepared via incipient wetness impregnation of a single crystal Cu (111) material with a boric acid aqueous solution.30. The method of claim 29 , characterized in that the impregnation step is followed by a calcination step.31. A ...

ELECTRODE FOR OXYGEN EVOLUTION IN INDUSTRIAL ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES

An electrode for electrolytic processes, in particular to an anode suitable for oxygen evolution having a valve metal substrate, a catalytic layer, a protection layer consisting of oxides of valve metals interposed between the substrate and the catalytic layer and an outer coating of oxides of valve metals. The electrode is particularly suitable for processes of cathodic electrodeposition of chromium from an aqueous solution containing Cr (III). 1. A method for manufacturing an electrode suitable for oxygen evolution in electrolytic processes comprising:applying a solution containing precursors of iridium, tin and doping element bismuth to a valve metal substrate and subsequently decomposing the solution by a thermal treatment in air at a temperature of 480 to 530° C.; the valve metal substrate,', 'the catalytic layer comprising mixed oxides of iridium, of tin and doping element bismuth, the molar ratio of Ir:(Ir+Sn) ranging from 0.25 to 0.55 and the molar ratio of Bi:(Ir+Sn+Bi) ranging from 0.02 to 0.15,', 'a protective layer consisting of valve metal oxides interposed between the substrate and the catalytic layer, and', {'sup': '2', 'the external layer comprising tantalum pentoxide, wherein the specific loading of tantalum pentoxide in the external layer ranges from 12 to 15 g/mreferred to the oxides.'}], 'forming an external layer by application and subsequent thermal decomposition of a solution containing a precursor of tantalum pentoxide, thereby obtaining the electrode suitable for oxygen evolution in electrolytic processes comprising2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is applied to the valve metal substrate prior to applying a solution containing precursors of iridium claim 1 , tin and doping element bismuth.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein after applying the solution claim 2 , a thermal decomposition is carried out.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio Bi:(Ir+Sn+Bi) ranges from 0.05 to 0.12.5. ...

Photoelectrode used for carbon dioxide reduction and method for reducing carbon dioxide using the photoelectrode

Disclosed is an anode electrode including a nitride semiconductor layer. This nitride semiconductor layer includes an Al x Ga 1-x N layer (0<x≦0.25), an Al y Ga 1-y N layer (0≦y≦x), and a GaN layer. The Al y Ga 1-y N layer is interposed between the Al x Ga 1-x N layer and the GaN layer. The value of x is fixed in the thickness direction of the Al x Ga 1-x N layer. The value of y decreases from the interface with the Al x Ga 1-x N layer f toward the interface with the GaN layer. The Al x Ga 1-x N layer is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 360 nm or less so as to reduce carbon dioxide.

RUTHENIUM AND NITROGEN DOPED CARBON MATRIX CATALYST AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THEREOF

A catalyst nanocomposite and methods of making the same. The catalyst nanocomposite includes a substrate; and a coating disposed on the substrate, the coating having a ruthenium and nitrogen co-doped carbon matrix. The coating may be melamine and formaldehyde and produced via pyrolizing the melamine and formaldehyde on a nanowire made of metals such as tellurium. 1. A catalyst nanocomposite comprising:a substrate; anda coating disposed on the substrate, the coating having a ruthenium and nitrogen co-doped carbon matrix.2. The catalyst nanocomposite according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a nanowire having a length from about 100 nm to about 10 claim 1 ,000 nm and a cross section from about 10 nm to about 100 nm.3. The catalyst nanocomposite according to claim 2 , wherein the nanowire is metal including at least one of tellurium claim 2 , copper claim 2 , silver claim 2 , gold claim 2 , iron claim 2 , silicon claim 2 , zinc claim 2 , germanium claim 2 , antimony claim 2 , oxides or alloys thereof.4. The catalyst nanocomposite according to claim 1 , wherein the coating is a melamine-formaldehyde polymer.5. The catalyst nanocomposite according to claim 1 , wherein ruthenium is present in the carbon matrix as nanoparticle species and atomic species.6. The catalyst nanocomposite according to claim 5 , wherein a ratio of the atomic species to the nanoparticle species is from about 0.3 to about 0.5.7. The catalyst nanocomposite according to claim 5 , wherein a ratio of the atomic species to the nanoparticle species is from about 0.35 to about 0.45.8. A method for forming a catalyst nanocomposite claim 5 , the method comprising:forming a coating on a substrate;reacting the substrate having the coating with a catalyst metal halide salt to incorporate catalyst metal atoms into the resin; andpyrolizing the substrate having the coating and the catalyst metal atoms to form a catalyst metal atom and nitrogen co-doped carbon matrix.9. The method according to claim 8 , ...

CATALYST AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAME

An electrode catalyst is configured such that non-noble metal particles, noble metal particles or nitride-doped noble metal particles are supported on a carbon support, wherein the carbon support has a 2D planar crystal structure or a 3D polyhedral crystal structure and is doped with nitrogen, thereby exhibiting increased catalytic activity. 1. A catalyst comprising:a carbon support doped with nitrogen; andsolid particles supported on a surface of the carbon support,wherein the solid particles comprise particles selected from the group consisting of non-noble metal particles, noble metal particles, nitride-containing noble metal particles and combinations thereof.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the carbon support has a 2D planar crystal structure or a 3D polyhedral crystal structure.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the carbon support has a porosity of 10% to 85%.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the nitride-containing noble metal particles comprise cobalt nitride.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the solid particles comprise particles selected from the group consisting of noble metal particles claim 1 , cobalt-nitride-containing noble metal particles and combinations thereof.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the non-noble metal particles comprise cobalt claim 1 , and the noble metal particles comprise platinum.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is contained in an electrode for a fuel cell or a water electrolysis cell.8. A method of preparing a catalyst claim 1 , the method comprising:preparing a carbon support by synthesizing a metal precursor and alkyl imidazole;subjecting the carbon support to primary heat treatment;subjecting the carbon support to secondary heat treatment;purifying the carbon support by removing metal particles from the carbon support through acid treatment; andsubjecting the carbon support to tertiary heat treatment.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the carbon support comprises ZIF-67 claim 8 , which is a ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF METHANE TO METHANOL

This invention provides an electrochemical system for manufacturing methanol from methane in good yields and without admixtures of methanol oxidation products. A fuel cell for methane or methanol utilization is also provided. 1. An electrochemical cell for oxidizing methane (CH) to methanol (CHOH) , comprising{'sub': '2', 'i) an electrode comprising nickel in an oxidized form selected from the group consisting of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)), nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH), and nickel foam;'}ii) an electrolyte comprising a base, such as a hydroxide or carbonate comprising solution, in contact with said electrode;{'sub': 4', '4, 'iii) pressurized CHsource configured to deliver gaseous CHto the electrode surface;'}iv) voltage source connected with said electrode; and{'sub': '3', 'v) means for reducing thermodynamic activity of CHOH near the surface of said electrode;'}{'sub': '3', 'wherein said cell produces CHOH when an electric current flows through the cell.'}2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrode comprises Ni(OH)/NiOOH grown on its surface from a precursor.3. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrode comprises Ni(OH)/NiOOH grown electrolytically on its surface from a nickel foam precursor.4. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte comprises an aqueous base claim 1 , such as KOH claim 1 , NaOH claim 1 , KCO claim 1 , or NaCO claim 1 , at a concentration of at least 1 mM.5. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said methane source comprises a pressurized CHcontainer and a dispersal means for delivering and dispersing the CHgas on the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte or through an electrode porous structure (such as provided by carbon paper serving as a gas diffusion electrode).6. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said voltage source is configured to provide stable and high-output voltage between 0.5 and 1.5V.7. The cell of claim 1 , wherein said means for reducing thermodynamic activity of CHOH comprises a distillation unit.8. The cell of ...

Excavated Nanoframes with Three-Dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces

Described herein are metallic excavated nanoframes and methods for producing metallic excavated nanoframes. A method may include providing a solution including a plurality of excavated nanoparticles dispersed in a solvent, and exposing the solution to chemical corrosion to convert the plurality of excavated nanoparticles into a plurality of excavated nanoframes.

Device and method for the flexible use of electricity

An electrolysis cell for chlor-alkali electrolysis, having an anode half-cell, a cathode half-cell and a cation exchange membrane that separates the anode half-cell and the cathode half-cell from one another, an anode arranged in the anode half-cell for evolution of chlorine, an oxygen-consuming electrode arranged in the cathode half-cell as the cathode, a catholyte space which is formed between the cation exchange membrane and the oxygen-consuming cathode, and through which electrolyte flows, a gas space adjoining the oxygen-consuming electrode at a surface facing away from the catholyte space, a conduit for supply of gaseous oxygen to this gas space, a second cathode for generation of hydrogen arranged within the catholyte space and at least one conduit for purging of the gas space with inert gas, enables flexible use of power in a method in which, when power supply is low, the oxygen-consuming electrode is supplied with gaseous oxygen and oxygen is reduced at the oxygen-consuming electrode at a first cell voltage, and when power supply is high, the oxygen-consuming electrode is not supplied with oxygen and hydrogen is generated at the second cathode at a second cell voltage which is higher than the first cell voltage.

Photoexcitable material, photochemical electrode, and method for manufacturing photoexcitable material

A photoexcitable material includes: a solid solution of MN (where M is at least one of gallium, aluminum and indium) and ZnO, wherein the photoexcitable material includes 30 to 70 mol % ZnO and has a band gap energy of 2.20 eV or less.

Photocatalytic water splitting with cobalt oxide-titanium dioxide-palladium nano-composite catalysts

Photocatalysts and methods of using the same for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water are disclosed. The photocatalysts include photoactive titanium dioxide loaded with 0.5 wt. % to 4 wt. % of a hole-scavenging material comprising cobalt oxide and 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % of palladium (Pd) and/or a Pd—Co alloy.

Chemically Modified Graphene

This disclosure relates to graphene derivatives, as well as related devices including graphene derivatives and methods of using graphene derivatives.

Reactor with advanced architecture for the electrochemical reaction of co2, co, and other chemical compounds

A platform technology that uses a novel membrane electrode assembly including a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-and-cation-conducting polymer, an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a cation-conducting polymer, a membrane layer comprising a cation-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer, in a CO x reduction reactor has been developed. The reactor can be used to synthesize a broad range of carbon-based compounds from carbon dioxide.

Electrochemical hydroxide systems and methods using metal oxidation

There are provided methods and systems for an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode where the anode is contacted with a metal ion that converts the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state. The metal ion in the higher oxidation state is reacted with hydrogen gas, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and/or a saturated hydrocarbon to form products.

Biomimetic water oxidation catalysts

Disclosed herein is a composite material comprising a graphene-based material, manganese oxide, and group II metal ions. The graphene based material may be functionalised with an organic moiety comprising an acidic functional group. The composite material may function as a catalyst for electrolysis of water.

Nonprecious metal catalyst for hydrogen production from neutral solutions

Catalysts comprising MoP and MoP2 are disclosed, wherein the catalyst is a composite. The catalyst may have a molar ratio of MoP:MoP2 within a range of 5:95 to 95:5. The catalyst may be used as a cathode active material for hydrogen generation from neutral pH solutions, such as wastewater or seawater. Methods of making the catalyst also are disclosed.

Nickel Phosphide Catalysts for Direct Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons

Disclosed are cathodes comprising a conductive support substrate having an electrocatalyst coating containing nickel phosphide nanoparticles. The conductive support substrate is capable of incorporating a material to be reduced, such as CO2 or CO. A co-catalyst, either incorporated into the electrolyte solution, or adsorbed to, deposited on, or incorporated into the bulk cathode material, provides increased selectivity and activity of the nickel phosphide electrocatalyst. Also disclosed are electrochemical methods for selectively generating hydrocarbon and/or carbohydrate products from CO2 or CO using water as a source of hydrogen.

Porous electrode for the electrochemical reaction of organic compounds in two immiscible phases in an electrochemical flow reactor

A method for the electrochemical reaction of an organic material, and a device in which a corresponding method is carried out including a porous electrode for the electrochemical reaction of organic compounds in two immiscible phases in an electrochemical flow reactor. A first nonpolar solvent and a first polar electrolyte or a first organic material in the form of a liquid or gas and the first polar electrolyte form a first phase boundary with one another in such a form that the first phase boundary in the electrochemical conversion is at least partly within a first electrode, preferably at an interface between a first lipophilic layer and a second hydrophilic layer.

Biochip comprising covalently immobilized bioactive molecules through organic couplers thereon

The present invention relates to a biochip comprising an electrode having a titania coating layer on its surface; an organic coupler comprising two or more carboxylic acid groups and capable of transporting electrons; and bioactive molecules, wherein the organic coupler is covalently bonded to a hydroxyl group of titania on the electrode surface through one carboxylic acid group, and to the bioactive molecules through other one or more carboxylic acid groups, a method for analyzing target molecules using the biochip, a method for diagnosing the development of diseases using the biochip, an electrode provided with a titania coating layer on its surface to which an organic coupler, comprising 2 or more carboxylic acid groups and capable of transporting electrons, is bound, wherein the organic coupler is covalently bonded to a hydroxyl group of titania on the electrode surface through one carboxylic acid group, and a method for preparing the electrode provided with a mesoporous titania coating layer, the method comprising coating a mixed solution of a titania precursor and a template polymer on the top of the electrode, and calcinating the coated electrode under an air flow condition.

Electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride

It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm 2 , the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

ELECTROCATALYSTS

Oxyde ou mélange d'oxydes du type spinelle ou de structure similaire, renfermant 0,05 à 20 atomes % de bore, dont la présence augmente d'au moins 1 000 fois la conductivité électrique de l'oxyde correspondant, sans bore. La préparation comprend le chauffage réducteur d'un spinelle, en particulier ferrite ou nickelite de cobalt, avec un composé du bore. Ces oxydes borurés sont appliqués avantageusement en tant qu'électrocatalyseurs, notamment en électrolyse réductrice ou oxydante. An oxide or mixture of oxides of the spinel type or of similar structure, containing 0.05 to 20 atom% of boron, the presence of which increases the electrical conductivity of the corresponding oxide by at least 1000 times, without boron. The preparation comprises the reductive heating of a spinel, in particular cobalt ferrite or nickelite, with a boron compound. These boride oxides are advantageously applied as electrocatalysts, in particular in reducing or oxidizing electrolysis.

Electrode for electrochemical measurement, electrolysis cell for electrochemical measurement, analyzer for electrochemical measurement, and methods for producing same

Electrode for Electrolysis

The present technology relates to an electrode for electrolysis which has a coating layer containing an ytterbium oxide, wherein the electrode for electrolysis of the present technology is characterized by exhibiting excellent durability and improved overvoltage. Further, the present technology relates to a method of preparing an electrode for electrolysis which includes: applying a coating composition on at least one surface of a metal base, and coating by drying and heat-treating the metal base on which the coating composition has been applied, wherein the coating composition includes a ruthenium precursor and an ytterbium precursor. 1. An electrode for electrolysis , the electrode comprising:a metal base layer; anda coating layer containing a ruthenium oxide and an ytterbium oxide,wherein the coating layer is formed on at least one surface of the base layer.2. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of a ruthenium element to an ytterbium element claim 1 , which are contained in the coating layer claim 1 , is in a range of 100:5 to 100:30.3. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer further contains a platinum group oxide.4. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 3 , wherein a molar ratio of a ruthenium element to a platinum group element claim 3 , which are contained in the coating layer claim 3 , is in a range of 100:2 to 100:20.5. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer further contains a cerium oxide.6. The electrode for electrolysis of claim 5 , wherein a molar ratio of a ruthenium element to a cerium element claim 5 , which are contained in the coating layer claim 5 , is in a range of 100:5 to 100:30.7. A method of preparing an electrode for electrolysis claim 5 , the method comprising:applying a coating composition on at least one surface of a metal base; andforming coating by drying and heat-treating the metal base on which the coating composition has been applied,wherein ...

CATHODE ELECTRODE, COMPOSITE OF CATHODE ELECTRODE AND SUBSTRATE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE OF CATHODE ELECTRODE AND SUBSTRATE

The present disclosure provides a cathode electrode that can stably sustain a catalytic reaction producing an olefinic hydrocarbon such as ethylene and an alcohol such as ethanol by a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide over a long term. A cathode electrode that electrically reduces carbon dioxide, including cuprous oxide, copper, and at least one additional metal element selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, zinc, and cadmium. 1. A cathode electrode that electrically reduces carbon dioxide , comprising:cuprous oxide, copper, and at least one additional metal element selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, zinc, and cadmium.2. A cathode electrode that electrically reduces carbon dioxide , comprising:a cuprous oxide that is not reduced to copper; at least one additional metal element selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, zinc, and cadmium; and a cuprous oxide for reduction that is reduced to copper by a reduction treatment.3. A cathode electrode that electrically reduces carbon dioxide in an electrolyte solution containing carbon dioxide , comprising:cuprous oxide, copper, and at least one additional metal element selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, zinc, and cadmium.4. A cathode electrode that electrically reduces carbon dioxide in an electrolyte solution containing carbon dioxide , comprising:a cuprous oxide that is not reduced to copper; at least one additional metal element selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, zinc, and cadmium; and a cuprous oxide for reduction that is reduced to copper by a reduction treatment.5. The cathode electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one additional metal element selected from the group consisting of silver claim 1 , gold claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , and cadmium is a hydroxide or an oxide.6. The cathode electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a maximum peak intensity among peak intensities of XRD patterns of an X-ray diffraction ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL WATER GAS SHIFT REACTOR AND METHOD OF USE

Herein discussed is an electrochemical reactor comprising an ionically conducting membrane, wherein the reactor performs the water gas shift reactions electrochemically without electricity input, wherein electrochemical water gas shift reactions involve the exchange of an ion through the membrane and include forward water gas shift reactions, or reverse water gas shift reactions, or both. Also discussed herein is a reactor comprising: a bi-functional layer and a mixed conducting membrane; wherein the bi-functional layer and the mixed conducting membrane are in contact with each other, and wherein the bi-functional layer catalyzes reverse-water-gas-shift (RWGS) reaction and functions as an anode in an electrochemical reaction.

Novel catalyst mixtures

Catalysts comprised of at least one catalytically active element and at least one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid.

Process for the sustainable production of acrylic acid

A process for the production of organic acids having at least three carbon atoms comprises the steps of forming an amount of carbon monoxide and reacting the amount of carbon monoxide with an amount of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst, a strong acid, and a phosphine. In some embodiments, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is one of acetylene and methylacetylene, and the organic acid is one of acrylic acid and methyl acrylic acid. The reacting step is preferably performed with carbon monoxide produced from carbon dioxide.