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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 6498. Отображено 100.
09-02-2012 дата публикации

Method and device for carboxylic acid production

Номер: US20120031769A1
Автор: Kean Duffy, Sai Bhavaraju
Принадлежит: Kean Duffy, Sai Bhavaraju

A method for producing and recovering a carboxylic acid in an electrolysis cell. The electrolysis cell is a multi-compartment electrolysis cell. The multi-compartment electrolysis cell includes an anodic compartment, a cathodic compartment, and a solid alkali ion transporting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). An anolyte is added to the anodic compartment. The anolyte comprises an alkali salt of a carboxylic acid, a first solvent, and a second solvent. The alkali salt of the carboxylic acid is partitioned into the first solvent. The anolyte is then electrolyzed to produce a carboxylic acid, wherein the produced carboxylic acid is partitioned into the second solvent. The second solvent may then be separated from the first solvent and the produced carboxylic acid may be recovered from the second solvent. The first solvent may be water and the second solvent may be an organic solvent.

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Номер записи: 1
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Method for the direct amination of hydrocarbons into amino hydrocarbons, including electrochemical separation of hydrogen and electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen into water

Номер: US20120107707A1
Автор: Alexander Panchenko, Andreas Fischer, Petr Kubanek, Thomas Heidemann
Принадлежит: BASF SE

Process for the direct amination of hydrocarbons to aminohydrocarbons by reaction of a feed stream E comprising at least one hydrocarbon and at least one aminating reagent to form a reaction mixture R comprising aminohydrocarbon and hydrogen in a reaction zone RZ and electrochemical separation of at least part of the hydrogen formed in the reaction from the reaction mixture R by means of a gastight membrane-electrode assembly having at least one selectively proton-conducting membrane and at least one electrode catalyst on each side of the membrane, where at least part of the hydrogen is oxidized to protons at the anode catalyst on the retentate side of the membrane and the protons pass through the membrane and on the permeate side are reacted with oxygen to form water, where the oxygen originates from an oxygen-comprising stream O which is brought into contact with the permeate side of the membrane, over the cathode catalyst.

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Номер записи: 2
10-05-2012 дата публикации

Method for direct amination of hydrocarbons to form amino hydrocarbons with the electrochemical separation of hydrocarbon

Номер: US20120111732A1
Автор: Alexander Panchenko, Andreas Fischer, Petr Kubanek, Thomas Heidemann
Принадлежит: BASF SE

Process for the direct amination of hydrocarbons to aminohydrocarbons, which comprises the steps: a) reaction of a feed stream E comprising at least one hydrocarbon and at least one aminating reagent to form a reaction mixture R comprising aminohydrocarbons and hydrogen and b) electrochemical separation of at least part of the hydrogen formed in the reaction from the reaction mixture R by means of a gastight membrane-electrode assembly having at least one selectively proton-conducting membrane and at least one electrode catalyst on each side of the membrane, where at least part of the hydrogen is oxidized to protons over the anode catalyst on the retentate side of the membrane and the protons are, after passing through the membrane, b1) reduced to hydrogen and/or b2) reacted with oxygen from an oxygen-comprising stream O which is brought into contact with the permeate side of the membrane to form water over the cathode catalyst on the permeate side.

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Номер записи: 3
14-03-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20130062216A1
Автор: DEGUCHI Masahiro, YAMADA Yuka, YOTSUHASHI Satoshi
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

The present subject matter provides a method for reducing carbon dioxide with the use of a device for reducing carbon dioxide. The device includes a cathode chamber, an anode chamber and a solid electrolyte membrane. The cathode chamber includes a working electrode which includes a metal or a metal compound. The anode chamber includes a counter electrode which includes a region formed of a nitride semiconductor. First and second electrolytic solutions are held in the cathode and anode chamber, respectively. The working electrode and the counter electrode are in contact with the first and second electrolytic solution, respectively. The solid electrolyte membrane is interposed between the cathode and anode chambers. The first electrolyte solution contains the carbon dioxide. An electric source is not interposed electrically between the working electrode and the counter electrode. 1. A method for reducing carbon dioxide with use of a device for reducing carbon dioxide , the method comprising: a cathode chamber;', 'an anode chamber; and', 'a solid electrolyte membrane; wherein:', 'the cathode chamber comprises a working electrode,', 'the working electrode comprises a metal or a metal compound,', 'the anode chamber comprises a counter electrode,', 'the counter electrode comprises a region formed of a nitride semiconductor on the surface thereof,', 'a first electrolytic solution is held in the cathode chamber,', 'a second electrolytic solution is held in the anode chamber,', 'the working electrode is in contact with the first electrolytic solution,', 'the counter electrode is in contact with the second electrolytic solution,', 'the solid electrolyte membrane is interposed between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber,', 'the first electrolyte solution contains the carbon dioxide,', 'the working electrode is connected to the counter electrode, and', 'an electric source is not interposed electrically between the working electrode and the counter electrode;, 'a step (a) ...

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Номер записи: 4
18-04-2013 дата публикации

Proton exchange membrane electrolysis using water vapor as a feedstock

Номер: US20130092549A1
Автор: Joshua M. Spurgeon, Nathan S. Lewis, Philip Stephen Marcus
Принадлежит: California Institute of Technology CalTech

A light-driven electrolytic cell that uses water vapor as the feedstock and that has no wires or connections whatsoever to an external electrical power source of any kind. In one embodiment, the electrolytic cell uses a proton exchange membrane (PEM) with an IrRuO x water oxidation catalyst and a Pt black water reduction catalyst to consume water vapor and generate molecular oxygen and a chemical fuel, molecular hydrogen. The operation of the electrolytic cell using water vapor supplied by a humidified carrier gas has been demonstrated under varying conditions of the gas flow rate, the relative humidity, and the presence or absence of oxygen. The performance of the system with water vapor was also compared to the performance when the device was immersed in liquid water.

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Номер записи: 5
25-04-2013 дата публикации

Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of High Density Combinatorial Polymer Arrays

Номер: US20130098771A1
Автор: Chow Brian Y., Emig Christopher J., JACOBSON Joseph M.
Принадлежит: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

In a method for creating polymer arrays through photoelectrochemically modulated acid/base/radical generation for combinatorial synthesis, electrochemical synthesis is guided by a spatially modulated light source striking a semiconductor in an electrolyte solution. A substrate having at its surface at least one photoelectrode that is proximate to at least one molecule bearing at least one chemical functional group is provided, along with a reagent-generating chemistry co-localized with the chemical functional group and capable of generating reagents when subjected to a potential above a threshold. An input potential is then applied to the photoelectrode that exceeds the threshold in the presence of light and that does not exceed the threshold in the absence of light, causing the transfer of electrons to or from the substrate, and creating a patterned substrate. The process is repeated until a polymer array of desired size is created. 1. A method for photoelectrochemical synthesis of a biomolecule array , comprising the steps of:(a) providing a semiconductor substrate having at least one light-addressable photoelectrode proximate to the substrate surface;(b) providing an photoelectrochemical reaction-generating chemistry that is in contact with the semiconductor substrate and is capable of generating reagents when subjected to a potential above a threshold, the photoelectrochemical reaction-generating chemistry comprising an electrolyte solution, matrix, gel, or solid that is suitable for photoelectrochemical reactions at a surface;(c) applying an input potential to the light-addressable photoelectrode to generate charge carriers in areas of the substrate under illumination and thereby create a patterned substrate, the applied input potential exceeding the threshold in the presence of light and not exceeding the threshold in the absence of light, the input potential being generated by light from a spatially-modulated light source, the light being patterned by a mask, ...

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Номер записи: 6
25-04-2013 дата публикации

Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Organic Products

Номер: US20130098772A1
Автор: Bocarsly Andrew B., Cole Emily Barton
Принадлежит: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

The invention relates to various embodiments of an environmentally beneficial method for reducing carbon dioxide. The methods in accordance with the invention include electrochemically or photoelectrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide in a divided electrochemical cell that includes an anode, e.g., an inert metal counterelectrode, in one cell compartment and a metal or p-type semiconductor cathode electrode in another cell compartment that also contains an aqueous solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst of one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines to produce therein a reduced organic product. 128-. (canceled)29. An environmentally beneficial method of producing methanol by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical reduction of any available source of carbon dioxide , which comprises:providing a divided electrochemical cell comprising an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode electrode in a second cell compartment that also contains a catalyst which is one or more of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic amine, both compartments containing an aqueous solution of an electrolyte,providing carbon dioxide from an existing source into the second cell compartment;electrochemically or photoelectrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide in the second cell compartment to produce methanol to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/206,28 filed on Jan. 29, 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference.This invention was made with United States government support from Natural Science Foundation Grant No. CHE-0606475 The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.In recent years, high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO), emitted, for example, from industry, fossil fuel combustion and utilities, have been linked to global climate change. A greenhouse effect attributed to carbon dioxide is indicated as one cause of the warming phenomenon of the ...

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Номер записи: 7
02-05-2013 дата публикации

Nanowire Mesh Solar Fuels Generator

Номер: US20130105305A1
Автор: Chan Candace, LIU BIN, Sun Jianwei, Yang Peidong
Принадлежит: The Regents of the University of California

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to a nanowire mesh solar fuels generator. In one aspect, a nanowire mesh solar fuels generator includes (1) a photoanode configured to perform water oxidation and (2) a photocathode configured to perform water reduction. The photocathode is in electrical contact with the photoanode. The photoanode may include a high surface area network of photoanode nanowires. The photocathode may include a high surface area network of photocathode nanowires. In some embodiments, the nanowire mesh solar fuels generator may include an ion conductive polymer infiltrating the photoanode and the photocathode in the region where the photocathode is in electrical contact with the photoanode. 1. An apparatus comprising:a photoanode configured to perform water oxidation, the photoanode including a high surface area network of photoanode nanowires; anda photocathode configured to perform water reduction or carbon dioxide reduction, the photocathode being disposed on a surface of and being in electrical contact with the photoanode, the photocathode including a high surface area network of photocathode nanowires.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an ion conductive polymer infiltrating the photoanode and the photocathode proximate a region where the photocathode is disposed on the surface of the photoanode.3. The apparatus of claim it wherein the photoanode nanowires include a photoanode material selected from the group consisting of WO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , SrTiO claim 1 , NaTaO claim 1 , oxynitrides claim 1 , TaON claim 1 , GaZnON claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , and BiVO.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of each of the photoanode nanowires is about 10 nm to 500 nm.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein an aspect ratio of each of the photoanode nanowires is about 10 to 1000.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an orientation of the photoanode nanowires is selected from the group consisting of the ...

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Номер записи: 8
09-05-2013 дата публикации

Electrochemical Co-Production of a Glycol and an Alkene Employing Recycled Halide

Номер: US20130116474A1
Автор: Cole Emily Barton, Kaczur Jerry J., Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

The present disclosure is a method and system for electrochemically co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, a first reactor, a second electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and at least one third reactor. The method and system for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a glycol and an alkene employing a recycled halide. 1. A method for co-producing a first product and a second product , the method comprising the steps of:contacting a first region of a first electrochemical cell having an cathode with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide;contacting a second region of a first electrochemical cell having an anode with an anolyte comprising a MX where M is at least one cation and X is selected from a group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, and mixtures thereof;applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce M-carboxylate recoverable from the first region of the first electrochemical cell and a halogen recoverable from the second region of the first electrochemical cell;reacting the M-carboxylate with HX via a secondary reactor to produce a carboxylic acid and MX, the MX being recycled to an input of the second region of the first electrochemical cell;contacting a first region of a second electrochemical cell having a cathode with a catholyte comprising the carboxylic acid;contacting a second region of a second electrochemical cell having an anode with an anolyte comprising HX;applying an electrical potential between the anode of the second electrochemical cell and the cathode of the second electrochemical cell sufficient to produce at least one of another carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, a ketone, a glycol or an alcohol recoverable from the first region of the second electrochemical cell and a halogen recoverable from the second region of the second electrochemical cell;reacting the halogen from the second region of the first ...

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Номер записи: 9
16-05-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ENHANCING CATALYTIC AND PHOTOCATALYTIC PROCESSES

Номер: US20130118906A1
Автор: Cronin Stephen, Hou Wenbo, Liu Zuwei, Pavaskar Prathamesh
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

A system for solar energy conversion includes a photoelectric cell. The photoelectric cell includes a cathode and an anode comprising a nanostructure array. The nanostructure array includes a semiconductor photocatalyst; and a plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film arranged on the semiconductor photocatalyst. The system is used in a method to produce methane by placing a photocatalytic cell in an environment containing CO; and exposing the photocatalytic cell to visible light thereby allowing the COto be converted to methane. 1. A system for solar energy conversion comprising:a photoelectric cell comprising:a cathode; andan anode comprising a nanostructure array,wherein the nanostructure array comprises:a semiconductor photocatalyst; anda plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film arranged on the semiconductor photocatalyst.2. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor photocatalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of TiO claim 1 , YbO claim 1 , PbO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , CdS claim 1 , SiC claim 1 , WO claim 1 , and GaP claim 1 , and any combination thereof.3. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film has a thickness of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.4. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film is not continuous and has island-shaped areas having a size of about 10 nm to about 30 nm in diameter.5. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 4 , wherein the island-shaped areas are separated from each other by a distance of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.6. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon resonant metal nanostructure film is comprised of at least one selected from the group consisting of Au claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Cu and Pt claim 1 , and any combination thereof.7. The system for solar energy conversion of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 10
16-05-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20130118907A1
Автор: DEGUCHI Masahiro, Ohkawa Kazuhiro, YAMADA Yuka, YOTSUHASHI Satoshi
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

A method for reducing carbon dioxide utilizes a carbon dioxide reduction device including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, a solid electrolyte membrane, a cathode electrode and anode electrode. The cathode electrode includes indium or indium compound. The anode electrode includes a region formed of a nitride semiconductor layer where an AlGaN (0 Подробнее

Номер записи: 11
16-05-2013 дата публикации

Electrochemical Co-Production of Chemicals with Sulfur-Based Reactant Feeds to Anode

Номер: US20130118909A1
Автор: Jerry J. Kaczur, Kyle Teamey
Принадлежит: Liquid Light Inc

The present disclosure includes a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide. The method may include another step of contacting the second region with an anolyte comprising a sulfur-based reactant. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region. An additional step of the method may include removing the second product and an unreacted sulfur-based reactant from the second region and recycling the unreacted sulfur-based reactant to the second region.

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Номер записи: 12
16-05-2013 дата публикации

System and Method for Oxidizing Organic Compounds While Reducing Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20130118910A1
Автор: Andrew B. Bocarsly, Emily Barton Cole, Jerry J. Kaczur, Kyle Teamey, Narayanappa Sivasankar, Paul Majsztrik
Принадлежит: Liquid Light Inc

Methods and systems for electrochemically generating an oxidation product and a reduction product may include one or more operations including, but not limited to: receiving a feed of at least one organic compound into an anolyte region of an electrochemical cell including an anode; at least partially oxidizing the at least one organic compound at the anode to generate at least carbon dioxide; receiving a feed including carbon dioxide into a catholyte region of the electrochemical cell including a cathode; and at least partially reducing carbon dioxide to generate a reduction product at the cathode.

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Номер записи: 13
16-05-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REMOVING OXYGEN FROM A REACTION MEDIUM

Номер: US20130118914A1
Автор: HAMMAD Ahmad D., YUSUF Zaki
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Company

The invention relates to a method for removing oxygen from a water containing reaction medium. A pair of electrodes (cathode and anode), are added to the medium, with a surfactant attached to the surface of at least one of the cathode and anode. The medium is kept at an acidic pH, and an electrical current is applied. Oxygen is drawn to the electrodes, displacing surfactant, and reacts with H ions and HO molecules to form HO, which can then be removed. 1. A method for removing oxygen from a water containing reaction medium comprising placing a cathode and an anode into said reaction medium together with a surfactant , wherein said surfactant is adsorbed to at least one of said cathode and said anode , and applying an electrical potential created by said cathode and anode to said reaction system , to attract oxygen in said reaction system thereto with displacement of molecules of said surfactant , and reacting said oxygen with Hions and HO to produce HO.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reaction medium comprises a hydrocarbon fuel.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding an acid to said reaction system to lower pH of said reaction medium to below 6.0.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said electrical potential is from −1 to −4 V.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surfactant comprises a hydrophobic chain of from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said hydrophobic chain comprises from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said hydrocarbon chain comprises from 12 to 16 carbon atoms.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said surfactant is acetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide claim 7 , or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.9. The method of claim 3 , wherein said acid is HSO. This application claims priority from provisional application No. 61/559,186 filed Nov. 14, 2011, incorporated by reference in its entirety.This invention relates to methods for removing or scavenging oxygen molecules in situ, during ...

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Номер записи: 14
23-05-2013 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE IMMOBILIZATION UNIT

Номер: US20130126336A1
Автор: Mita Hiroki, Sakai Hideki, Tokita Yuichi
Принадлежит: SONY CORPORATION

There is provided a carbon dioxide immobilization unit capable of easily immobilizing carbon dioxide in the form of an organic acid or a carbohydrate under a normal environment. An anode and a cathode both having a surface where an oxidoreductase is present are disposed to face each other with a proton conductor in between. Then, when electric power is externally supplied to the carbon dioxide immobilization unit, in the anode, water is decomposed to produce protons, and in the cathode, an organic acid or a carbohydrate is produced from the protons produced in the anode and carbon dioxide. At this time, while a carbon dioxide supply section supplies a high concentration of carbon dioxide to the cathode, oxygen produced in the anode and the organic acid or hydrocarbon produced in the cathode are removed from a reaction system through an oxygen removal section and a product recovery section, respectively. 1. A carbon dioxide immobilization unit comprising at least:a first electrode decomposing water to produce protons;a second electrode producing an organic acid or a carbohydrate from the protons produced in the first electrode and carbon dioxide; anda proton conductor transferring the protons produced in the first electrode to the second electrode,wherein an oxidoreductase is present on a surface of the first electrode or a surface of the second electrode, or both.2. The carbon dioxide immobilization unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide supply section supplying carbon dioxide to the second electrode.3. The carbon dioxide immobilization unit according to claim 2 , whereinthe carbon dioxide supply section supplies a gas containing carbon dioxide in concentration of 0.028 to 100 vol % both inclusive.4. The carbon dioxide immobilization unit according to claim 3 , comprising:an oxygen removal section removing oxygen produced in the first electrode; anda product recovery section extracting the organic acid or the carbohydrate produced in the ...

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Номер записи: 15
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Method for reducing carbon dioxide

Номер: US20130126359A1
Автор: Kazuhiro Ohkawa, Masahiro Deguchi, Satoshi Yotsuhashi, Yuka Yamada
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corp

A method for reducing carbon dioxide utilizes a carbon dioxide reduction device including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, a solid electrolyte membrane, a cathode electrode and anode electrode. The cathode electrode includes copper or copper compound. The anode electrode includes a region formed of a nitride semiconductor layer where an Al x Ga 1-x N (0<x≦1) layer and a GaN layer are stacked. The anode electrode is irradiated with a light having a wavelength of not more than 350 nanometers to reduce the carbon dioxide on the cathode electrode.

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Номер записи: 16
30-05-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF SUCCINIC ACID AND SULFURIC ACID BY PAIRED ELECTROSYNTHESIS

Номер: US20130134047A1
Автор: Gao Yunfang
Принадлежит: Zhejiang University of Technology

A method for the production of succinic acid and sulfuric acid by paired electrolytic synthesis is disclosed in the present invention. The method is described as following: in cathodic compartment of an electrochemical cell separated with cation exchange membrane, maleic acid or maleic anhydride is used as raw material, sulfuric acid as the cathodic reactant and the supporting electrolyte of the reaction system, succinic acid is thus synthesized by the electro-reduction reaction at cathode. In anodic compartment, the aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing iodide ion is used as electrolyte, iodide ion is anodized to form Iand I. SOgas is fed into the circulated anolyte, reacting with Iand I to form sulfuric acid and regenerate iodide ion. Simultaneously the evaporated hydroiodic acid and distilled water are returned to the anolyte circulation system. The cell voltage and the cost of production are reduced significantly. 1. A method for the production of succinic acid and sulfuric acid by paired electrolytic synthesis comprising: inside cathodic compartment of an electrochemical cell separated with cation exchange membrane , maleic acid or maleic anhydride is used as raw material , sulfuric acid as the cathodic reactant and the supporting electrolyte of the reaction system , succinic acid is thus synthesized by the electro-reduction reaction at cathode. When the extent of electrolysis reaction reaches a certain degree , catholyte is taken out and post-processed to obtain succinic acid. In anodic compartment , the aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing iodide ion is used as electrolyte , iodide ion is anodized to form Iand I. SOgas is fed into the circulated anolyte , reacting with Iand I through redox reaction to form sulfuric acid and regenerate iodide ion in anolyte. When the concentration of sulfuric acid in the anolyte reaches a certain degree , the anolyte is taken out to be concentrated to obtain sulfuric acid of high concentration. Simultaneously , the ...

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Номер записи: 17
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 with Co-Oxidation of an Alcohol

Номер: US20130140187A1
Автор: Bocarsly Andrew B., Cole Emily Barton, Kaczur Jerry J., Majsztrik Paul, Sivasankar Narayanappa, Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include the step of contacting the first region of the electrochemical cell with a catholyte comprising an alcohol and carbon dioxide. Another step of the method may include contacting the second region of the electrochemical cell with an anolyte comprising the alcohol. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region. 1. A method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode , the method comprising the steps of:contacting the first region with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide;contacting the second region with an anolyte, the anolyte comprising an alcohol; andapplying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce the first product recoverable from the first region and the second product recoverable from the second region.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anolyte is free of halide ions.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol includes at least one of methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , glycerol claim 1 , 1-propanol claim 1 , 2-propanol claim 1 , phenol claim 1 , 1-butanol claim 1 , 2-butanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , benzyl alcohol claim 1 , allyl alcohol claim 1 , a glycol claim 1 , and a polyol.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second product includes an aldehyde.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second product includes a carboxylic acid.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 18
06-06-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING IODIZING AGENT, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING AROMATIC IODINE COMPOUND

Номер: US20130140188A1
Автор: Hagiwara Yuji, KATAOKA Kazuhide, MIDORIKAWA Koji, SUGA Seiji, YOSHIDA Junichi
Принадлежит:

A method of the present invention, for producing an iodizing agent, includes the step of electrolyzing iodine molecules in a solution by using an acid as a supporting electrolyte. This realizes (i) a method of producing an iodine cation suitable for use as an iodizing agent that does not require a sophisticated separation operation after iodizing reaction is completed, and (ii) an electrolyte used in the method. Further, a method of the present invention, for producing an aromatic iodine compound, includes the step of causing an iodizing agent, and an aromatic compound whose nucleus has one or more substituent groups and two or more hydrogen atoms, to react with each other under the presence of a certain ether compound. This realizes such a method of producing an aromatic iodine compound that position selectivity in iodizing reaction of an aromatic compound is improved. 14-. (canceled)6. The electrolyte according to claim 5 , wherein:a concentration of the iodine molecules is not less than 0.1 percent by mass but not more than 50 percent by mass.713.-. (canceled) This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/530,274 filed on Sep. 8, 2009, which is a 371 of PCT/JP2008/054184 filed on Mar. 7, 2008 and claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2007-061067 filed on Mar. 9, 2007 and Japanese Application No. 2007-061068 filed on Mar. 9, 2007, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present invention relates to: a method of producing an iodizing agent; and an electrolyte used in the method. The present invention particularly relates to: a method of producing an iodizing agent by obtaining an iodine cation by electrolyzing iodine molecules; and an electrolyte used in the method. Further, the present invention relates to a method of producing an aromatic iodine compound, particularly, a method of producing an aromatic iodine compound, which is improved in selectivity of a binding position of iodine.There has been ...

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Номер записи: 19
27-06-2013 дата публикации

Electrocarboxylation Synthesis for Obtaining Intermediates Useful for the Synthesis of SPAN Derivatives

Номер: US20130165684A1
Автор: Ana Belen Gomez, Francisca Irene Reche, Gonzalo Guirado, Iluminado Gallardo, J Oriol Osso, Lourdes F. Vega
Принадлежит: Air Products and Chemicals Inc

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining a compound of formula ( 1 ), ( 2 ) or ( 3 ) by means of a electrocarboxylation with CO 2 . The present invention also relates to the new intermediates ( 1 ) and ( 2 ). The present invention further relates to the use of intermediates ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) as starting materials for the synthesis of SPAN derivatives.

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Номер записи: 20
18-07-2013 дата публикации

Process and High Surface Area Electrodes for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20130180863A1
Автор: Kaczur Jerry J., Keyshar Kunttal, Kramer Theodore J., Majsztrik Paul, Twardowski Zbigniew
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to organic products including formate and formic acid are provided. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may introduce an acidic anolyte to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce a bicarbonate-based catholyte saturated with carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a high surface area cathode including indium and having a void volume of between about 30% to 98%. At least a portion of the bicarbonate-based catholyte is recycled. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to at least one of a single-carbon based product or a multi-carbon based product. 1. A method for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into products , comprising:(A) introducing an acidic anolyte to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell, the first compartment including an anode;(B) introducing a bicarbonate-based catholyte saturated with carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell, the second compartment including a high surface area cathode, the high surface area cathode including an indium coating and having a void volume of between about 30% to 98%, at least a portion of the bicarbonate-based catholyte being recycled; and(C) applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to at least one of a single-carbon based product or a multi-carbon based product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to at least one of a single-carbon based product or a multi-carbon based product comprises:applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to a ...

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Номер записи: 21
18-07-2013 дата публикации

Reducing Carbon Dioxide to Products

Номер: US20130180865A1
Автор: Cole Emily Barton, Keyshar Kunttal, Parajuli Rishi, Sivasankar Narayanappa
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

A method reducing carbon dioxide to one or more organic products may include steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may introduce an anolyte to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell, said first compartment including an anode. Step (B) may introduce a catholyte and carbon dioxide to a second compartment of said electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a tin cathode and a catalyst. The catalyst may include at least one of pyridine, 2-picoline or 2,6-lutidine. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between said anode and said cathode sufficient for said cathode to reduce said carbon dioxide to at least one of formate or formic acid. 1. A system for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide , comprising: a first cell compartment;', 'an anode positioned within said first cell compartment;', 'a second cell compartment;', 'a separator interposed between said first cell compartment and said second cell compartment, said second cell compartment containing an electrolyte;', 'a cathode and a homogenous catalyst positioned within said second cell compartment, said cathode comprising tin (Sn), said catalyst including at least one of pyridine, 2-picoline or 2,6-lutidine; and, 'an electrochemical cell includingan energy source operably coupled with said anode and said cathode, said energy source configured to apply a voltage between said anode and said cathode to reduce carbon dioxide at said cathode to at least one of formate or formic acid.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst is present in said second cell compartment in a concentration of between about 1 mM and 100 mM.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein said catalyst is present in said second cell compartment in a concentration of about 30 mM.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said second cell compartment further includes an acidic solution.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein said second cell compartment further includes a phosphate buffer.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein said phosphate buffer is ...

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Номер записи: 22
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for combined electrochemical synthesis and detection of analytes

Номер: US20130186767A1
Автор: Brandon Barnett, Gordon Holt, Handong Li, Hernan Adolfo Castro, Narayan Sundararajan, Wei Wang
Принадлежит: Individual

Described are devices and methods for detecting binding on an electrode surface. In addition, devices and methods for electrochemically synthesizing polymers and devices and methods for synthesizing and detecting binding to the polymer on a common integrated device surface are described.

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Номер записи: 23
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Method and Apparatus for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20130186771A1
Автор: Agarwal Arun S., Guan Shan, Sridhar Narasi, Zhai Yumei
Принадлежит: DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

A method and apparatus is provided for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and formic acid. One embodiment features a three-compartment reactor which houses: a gas compartment; a catholyte compartment, which contains a porous cathode having a tin-based catalyst; and an anolyte compartment, which contains an anode having a mixed metal oxide catalyst. Further embodiments include a method for depositing tin onto a porous cathode, tin zinc cathodes, a reaction method using an acidic anolyte, and pulsed polarization to extend reactor runtimes. 1138-. (canceled)139. A process , comprising:(a) introducing an anolyte into an anolyte compartment of an electrochemical reactor, the anolyte compartment at least partially containing an anode;(b) introducing a catholyte into a catholyte compartment of the electrochemical reactor, the catholyte compartment separated from the anolyte compartment by a membrane, the catholyte compartment further separated from a gas compartment by a porous, catalytically coated cathode, the cathode and the membrane at least partially defining the cathode compartment;(c) introducing carbon dioxide gas into the gas compartment;(d) introducing carbon dioxide gas from the gas compartment into the cathode;(e) introducing the carbon dioxide gas from the cathode into the catholyte; and(f) impressing a DC voltage across the anode and the cathode.140. The process of claim 139 , the cathode comprising:(i) tin; a substrate, wherein the substrate is porous and electrically conductive; and', 'a tin catalyst, the tin catalyst deposited onto the substrate, the tin catalyst comprising tin deposits having a grain size of between 0.5 microns and 5 microns, the tin deposits substantially covering the catholyte compartment side surface of the substrate; or, '(ii) a manufacture, the manufacture comprising [ a tin salt;', 'at least one complexing agent; and', 'a non-ionic surfactant;, '(A) immersing a porous and electrically conductive substrate ...

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Номер записи: 24
08-08-2013 дата публикации

Reducing Carbon Dioxide to Products

Номер: US20130199937A1
Автор: Emily Barton Cole, Kate A. Keets, Narayanappa Sivasankar, Rishi Parajuli
Принадлежит: Liquid Light Inc

A method reducing carbon dioxide to one or more products may include steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may bubble said carbon dioxide into a solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst in a divided electrochemical cell. The divided electrochemical cell may include an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment. The cathode may reduce said carbon dioxide into said products. Step (B) may adjust one or more of (a) a cathode material, (b) a surface morphology of said cathode, (c) said electrolyte, (d) a manner in which said carbon dioxide is bubbled, (e), a pH level of said solution, and (f) an electrical potential of said divided electrochemical cell, to vary at least one of (i) which of said products is produced and (ii) a faradaic yield of said products. Step (C) may separate said products from said solution.

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Номер записи: 25
29-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CATALYSIS

Номер: US20130220822A1
Автор: MacFarlane Douglas, Winther-Jensen Bjorn, Winther-Jensen Orawan
Принадлежит:

A catalyst comprising a first conjugated polymer material that forms an interface with a second material, wherein charge is separated from photo excited species generated in one or both of the first and second materials and subsequently participates in a reaction, electro-catalytic reactions or redox reactions. 1. A catalyst comprising a first conjugated polymer material that forms an interface with a second material , wherein charge is separated from photo excited species generated in one or both of the first and second materials and subsequently participates in a reaction.2. A catalyst according to wherein the reaction is chosen from electro-catalytic reactions or redox reactions.3. A catalyst according to wherein the first material is chosen from the group of conjugated polymers comprising poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) claim 1 , polyterthiophene claim 1 , polybithiophene and combinations thereof.4. A catalyst according to wherein the second material is chosen from the group comprising polymers including conjugated polymers claim 1 , dyes containing a conjugated pi-system claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , organic semiconductors claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. A catalyst according to wherein the second material is chosen from inorganic species exhibiting d-d orbital transitions.6. A catalyst according to wherein the first material and the second material are both conjugated polymers.7. A catalyst according to which is combined with a support.8. A catalyst according to which further comprises a third material that performs a function chosen from charge mediation claim 1 , light harvesting or species transport enhancement.9. An electrode comprising a catalyst according to .10. A method of catalysis claim 1 , the steps comprising;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(i) forming a catalyst according to ,'}(ii) allowing light to impinge on the catalyst to generate photo excited species in either or both of the first and second materials,(iii) ...

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Номер записи: 26
05-09-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL INCLUDING A THREE-PHASE INTERFACE TO REACT CARBON-BASED GASES IN AN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20130228470A1
Автор: Chen Ed Ite
Принадлежит: VICEROY CHEMICAL

A process for converts carbon-based gases such as non-polar organic gases and carbon oxides to longer chained organic gases such as liquid hydrocarbons, longer chained gaseous hydrocarbons, branched-chain liquid hydrocarbons, branched-chain gaseous hydrocarbons, as well as chained and branched-chain organic compounds. In general, the method is for chain modification of hydrocarbons and organic compounds, including chain lengthening, and eventual conversion into liquids including, but not limited to, hydrocarbons, alcohols, and other organic compounds. 1. An electrolytic cell , comprising:at least one reaction chamber into which, during operation, a aqueous electrolyte and a gaseous feedstock including are introduced, wherein the gaseous feedstock comprises a carbon-based gas; anda pair of reaction electrodes disposed within the reaction chamber, at least one of the reaction electrodes including a solid catalyst and defining, in conjunction with the aqueous electrolyte and the gaseous feedstock, a three-phase interface.2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous electrolyte is mixed with the gaseous feedstock when the aqueous electrolyte has been introduced into the reaction chamber.3. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous electrolyte directly contacts the reaction electrode without the intercession of a polymer exchange membrane when the aqueous electrolyte has been introduced into the first chamber and mixed with the gaseous feedstock.4. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous electrolyte is selected from potassium chloride claim 1 , potassium bromide claim 1 , potassium iodide claim 1 , or hydrogen chloride.5. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the solid catalyst contains an element selected from copper claim 1 , silver claim 1 , gold claim 1 , iron claim 1 , tin claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , rhenium claim 1 , or a lanthanide metal.6. The electrolytic cell ...

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Номер записи: 27
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Electrochemical Co-Production of a Glycol and an Alkene Employing Recycled Halide

Номер: US20130230435A1
Автор: Emily Barton Cole, Jerry J. Kaczur, Kyle Teamey
Принадлежит: Liquid Light Inc

The present disclosure is a method and system for electrochemically co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, a first reactor, a second electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and at least one third reactor. The method and system for for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a glycol and an alkene employing a recycled halide.

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Номер записи: 28
12-09-2013 дата публикации

Process for preparing amino hydrocarbons by direct amination of hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130233721A1
Автор: Alexander Panchenko, Bernd Bastian Schaack, Philipp Brueggemann
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The present invention relates to a process for direct amination of hydrocarbons to amino hydrocarbons, comprising (a) the reaction of a reactant stream E comprising at least one hydrocarbon and at least one aminating reagent to give a reaction mixture R comprising at least one amino hydrocarbon and hydrogen in a reaction zone RZ, and (b) electrochemical removal of at least a portion of the hydrogen formed in the reaction from the reaction mixture R by means of at least one gas-tight membrane electrode assembly which is in contact with the reaction zone RZ on the retentate side and which has at least one selectively proton-conducting membrane, at least a portion of the hydrogen being oxidized over an anode catalyst to protons on the retentate side of the membrane, and the protons, after passing through the membrane, being partly or fully reduced by applying a voltage over a cathode catalyst to give hydrogen on the permeate side.

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Номер записи: 29
12-09-2013 дата публикации

CHAIN MODIFICATION OF GASEOUS METHANE USING AQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVATION AT A THREE-PHASE INTERFACE

Номер: US20130233722A1
Автор: Chen Ed Ite
Принадлежит: VICEROY CHEMICAL

In a first aspect, a method for chain modification of hydrocarbons and organic compounds comprises: contacting an aqueous electrolyte, a powered electrode including a catalyst, and a gaseous methane feedstock in a reaction area; and activating the methane in an aqueous electrochemical reaction to generate methyl radicals at the powered electrode and yield a Song chained hydrocarbon. In a second aspect, method for chain modification of hydrocarbons and organic compounds comprises: contacting an aqueous electrolyte with a catalyst in a reaction area; introducing a gaseous methane feedstock directly into the reaction area under pressure; and reacting the aqueous electrolyte, the catalyst, and the gaseous methane feedstock at temperatures in the range of −10 C to 1000 C and at pressures in the range of 0.1 ATM to 100 ATM. 1. A method for chain modification of hydrocarbons and organic compounds comprising:contacting an aqueous electrolyte, a powered electrode including a catalyst, and a gaseous methane feedstock in a reaction area; andactivating the methane in an aqueous electrochemical reaction to generate methyl radicals at the powered electrode to yield a product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein gaseous methane feedstock is a methane stream or natural gas.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product includes long chained hydrocarbons.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the product includes ethylene claim 3 , butane claim 3 , or octane.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the product further includes methanol and higher alcohols.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product includes alcohols.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the alcohols include methanol claim 6 , ethanol claim 6 , propanol claim 6 , butanol.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal claim 1 , an inorganic salt of a metal claim 1 , or an organometallic compound.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the aqueous electrolyte includes Alkali or Alkaline Earth Salts.10. A method for ...

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Номер записи: 30
03-10-2013 дата публикации

SILVER CATHODE ACTIVATION

Номер: US20130256148A1
Автор: Haynes Scott Lee, Scortichini Carey L., Wang Chen
Принадлежит:

The selective electrochemical reduction of halogenated 4-aminopicolinic acids is improved by activating the cathode at a final potential from about +1.0 to about +1.8 volts. 2. The method of claim 1 , further including the step of reversing the polarization of the activated cathode.3. The method of claim 1 , in which the 3 halopicolinic acid of Formula I is aminopyralid and the 3 claim 1 ,5-dihalopicolincic acid of Formula II is picloram.4. The method of claim 2 , in which the 3 halopicolinic acid of Formula I is aminopyralid and the 3 claim 2 ,5-dihalopicolincic acid of Formula II is picloram. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/255,187 filed on 27 Oct. 2009. The present invention concerns an improved process of activating the silver cathode for the selective electrochemical reduction of halogenated pyridines and picolinic acids.U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,217,185, 4,242,183 and 6,352,635 B2 and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2009/0090639 describe the preparation of certain halopyridine and halopicolinic acid derivatives by the selective electrochemical reduction of the corresponding higher halogenated pyridine and picolinic acid derivatives. in this process, the silver cathode is activated by an anodization that involves increasing the potential from an initial value of zero volts to a final value of at least +0.3 volts and preferably about +0.7 volts. Because of passivation, however, the reaction rate typically slows down as conversion proceeds and it is sometimes necessary to reactivate the cathode by re-anodization to finish a batch. It would be desirable to have an improved method for activating the cathode that is more resistant to passivation and would allow shorter reaction times.It has now been found that, by activating the cathode at a final potential from about +1.0 to about +1.8 volts, the reaction rate is faster, and the cathode does not need to be reactivated as often to finish a batch. More particularly, the ...

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Номер записи: 31
24-10-2013 дата публикации

Fluoropolymer compositions and purification methods thereof

Номер: US20130281607A1
Автор: André Streiter, Gunther J. Kaempf, Harald Kaspar, Herbert Koenigsmann, Kai H. Lochhaas, Klaus Hintzer, Michael Juergens, Oleg Shyshkov, Tilman C. Zipplies
Принадлежит: 3M Innovative Properties Co

Described herein is a composition comprising an aqueous polymerization reaction product of fluorinated monomers and wherein the polymerization is initiated (i) in the absence of a fluorinated emulsifier and whereby no fluorinated emulsifier is added during polymerization or (ii) in the presence of an fluorinated emulsifier selected from: [R f —O-L-COO-] i X i+ (I) wherein L represents a linear or branched, non-fluorinated, partially fluorinated, or fully fluorinated alkylene group, R f represents a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated aliphatic group or a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated aliphatic group interrupted with at least one oxygen atom, X i+ represents a cation having the valence i and i is 1, 2 or 3; wherein the reaction product and/or the resulting aqueous phase are substantially free of di- and tri-alkylamines and substantially free of low molecular weight fluoroorganic compounds and methods thereof.

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Номер записи: 32
31-10-2013 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF BIODIESEL TO AVIATION FUELS

Номер: US20130284606A1
Автор: He Qinggang, Mukerjee Sanjeev
Принадлежит: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY

Methods for the conversion of a biofuel such as biodiesel into an alkane composition such as an aviation fuel, kerosine, or liquified petroleum gas product involve a series of electrochemical reactions. The reactions include oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide, reduction of fatty acid esters, and cleavage of fatty acid chains at C═C double bonds. The methods are carried out by systems of two or more electrochemical reactors. 1. A system for the chemical conversion of a biodiesel to an alkane composition , the system comprising:a first electrochemical reactor that reduces excess MeOH in a biodiesel source material to yield a first composition comprising methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids;a second electrochemical reactor that fragments the methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids of said first composition by carbon-carbon double bond cleavage to yield a second composition comprising short chain methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids; anda third electrochemical reactor that hydrogenates the methyl esters of said second composition to yield a third composition comprising alkanes.2. A system for the chemical conversion of a biodiesel to an alkane composition , the system comprising:a first electrochemical reactor that fragments aliphatic chains of a biodiesel source material by carbon-carbon double bond cleavage to yield a first composition comprising short chain methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids; anda second electrochemical reactor that performs a Kolbe reaction, whereby the aliphatic carboxylic acids of said first composition are decarboxylated to yield a second composition comprising alkanes.3. A system for the chemical conversion of a biodiesel to an alkane composition , the system comprising:a first electrochemical reactor that fragments aliphatic chains of a biodiesel source material by carbon-carbon double bond cleavage to yield a first composition comprising short chain methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids; anda second ...

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Номер записи: 33
07-11-2013 дата публикации

Catalytic Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether

Номер: US20130292260A1
Автор: Johnston Christina M., Li Qing, Wu Gang, Zelenay Piotr
Принадлежит: Los Alamos National Security, LLC

A composition for oxidizing dimethyl ether includes an alloy supported on carbon, the alloy being of platinum, ruthenium, and palladium. A process for oxidizing dimethyl ether involves exposing dimethyl ether to a carbon-supported alloy of platinum, ruthenium, and palladium under conditions sufficient to electrochemically oxidize the dimethyl ether.

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Номер записи: 34
21-11-2013 дата публикации

Method for reducing carbon dioxide

Номер: US20130306488A1
Автор: Reiko Taniguchi, Satoshi Yotsuhashi
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corp

A method for reducing carbon dioxide with use of a device for reducing carbon dioxide includes steps of (a) preparing the device. The device includes a vessel, a cathode electrode and an anode electrode. An electrolytic solution is stored in the vessel, the cathode electrode contains a copper rubeanate metal organic framework, the copper rubeanate metal organic framework is in contact with the electrolytic solution, the anode electrode is in contact with the electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution contains carbon dioxide. The method further includes step of (b) applying a voltage difference between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode so as to reduce the carbon dioxide.

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Номер записи: 35
28-11-2013 дата публикации

ORGANIC COMPOUND HYDROGENATION DEVICE AND HYDROGENATION METHOD

Номер: US20130313127A1
Автор: Domen Kazunari, Higuchi Masakazu, Kobori Yoshihiro, Kubota Jun, Maekawa Shunsuke, Sato Yasushi, Takanabe Kazuhiro
Принадлежит:

The invention provides an organic compound(s) hydrogenation device that allows hydrogen derived from water to be stored essentially without generating hydrogen gas. The organic compound hydrogenation device of the invention comprises an oxidation chamber that holds a water-containing electrolyte, a reduction chamber that holds an organic compound(s) with an unsaturated bond, an electrolyte membrane with ion permeability that separates the electrolyte held in the oxidation chamber from the organic compound(s) held in the reduction chamber, an oxidizing electrode that generates protons from the water held in the oxidation chamber, and a reducing electrode that hydrogenates the organic compound(s) held in the reduction chamber. 1. An organic compound(s) hydrogenation device comprising:an oxidation chamber that holds a water-containing electrolyte,a reduction chamber that holds an organic compound(s) with an unsaturated bond,an electrolyte membrane with ion permeability, separating the electrolyte held in the oxidation chamber from the organic compound(s) held in the reduction chamber,an oxidizing electrode that generates protons from the water held in the oxidation chamber, anda reducing electrode that hydrogenates the organic compound(s) held in the reduction chamber.2. An organic compound(s) hydrogenation device comprising:an oxidation chamber that holds a water-containing electrolyte,a reduction chamber that holds an organic compound(s) with an unsaturated bond,a proton conductive electrolyte membrane separating the interior of the oxidation chamber from the interior of the reduction chamber,an oxidizing electrode situated in the oxidation chamber, anda reducing electrode adjacent to the electrolyte membrane, contacting with the organic compound(s) in the reduction chamber to hydrogenate the organic compound(s).3. The organic compound(s) hydrogenation device according to claim 1 , comprising a membrane-electrode assembly having an electron collector layer that ...

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Номер записи: 36
12-12-2013 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for a photocatalytic and electrocatalytic copolymer

Номер: US20130327654A1
Автор: Ed Ite Chen, Tara CRONIN
Принадлежит: VICEROY CHEMICAL, Viceroy Chemical Inc

A method and apparatus for a photocatalytic and electrolytic catalyst includes in various aspects one or more catalysts, a method for forming a catalyst, an electrolytic cell, and a reaction method.

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Номер записи: 37
19-12-2013 дата публикации

ANODIC OXIDATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTRATES IN THE PRESENCE OF NUCLEOPHILES

Номер: US20130334058A1
Автор: AUST Nicola Christiane, MALKOWSKY Itamar Michael
Принадлежит:

This invention refers to a process of anodic substitution comprising the electrolyzing the liquid reaction medium in an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an anode, whereas the liquid reaction medium comprises an organic compound with at least one carbon bound hydrogen atom, a nucleophilic agent, and an ionic liquid in a proportion of at least 10% by weight, and whereas the said hydrogen atoms are replaced at least partially with the nucleophilic group of said nucleophilic agent. Preferably, a gas diffusion layer electrode is used as anode. 1. A process of anodic substitution , the process comprising:b) adding to an electrochemical cell, comprising a cathode and an anode, a liquid reaction medium comprising an organic compound, comprising at least one hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom, and a nucleophilic agent; andc) electrolyzing the liquid reaction medium to replace at least some hydrogen atoms of the organic compound with a nucleophilic group of the nucleophilic agent,wherein the liquid reaction medium further comprises an ionic liquid in a proportion of at least 10% by weight.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the anode is a gas diffusion layer electrode.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the gas diffusion layer electrode comprises a substrate and a microporous layer comprising carbon particles as main component.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the gas diffusion layer electrode comprises a substrate and a microporous layer comprising carbon black as main component.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises an organic cation comprising an ammonium group.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic compound is selected of the group consisting of(i) an alkane or cycloalkane having at least one hydrogen atom directly bound to a tertiary carbon atom,(ii) an alkene or cycloalkene or diene having at least one hydrogen atom directly bound to an allylic carbon atom,(iii) an alkyarene having at least one hydrogen atom directly ...

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Номер записи: 38
09-01-2014 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS USING A FUEL CELL, AND FUEL STORAGE SYSTEM COMPRISING THE FUEL CELL

Номер: US20140008237A1
Автор: Green Sara K., HUBER GEORGE W., Kim Hyung Ju, Kim Won Bae, Tompsett Geoffrey A.
Принадлежит: THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS

A method of producing a hydrocarbon comprises providing electrical energy to a first fuel cell comprising an anode, cathode, and polymer electrolyte membrane; electrocatalytically oxidizing a hydrogen source by a first catalyst disposed on the anode to produce protons; and electrocatalytically reducing a hydrocarbonaceous source by the protons and a second catalyst disposed on the cathode to produce a hydrocarbon fuel composition, wherein the first and second catalysts are each a solid catalyst, and the anode and cathode are separated by the polymer electrolyte membrane. 1. A method of producing a hydrocarbon comprising:providing electrical energy to a first fuel cell comprising an anode, cathode, and polymer electrolyte membrane;electrocatalytically oxidizing a hydrogen source by a first catalyst disposed on the anode to produce protons; andelectrocatalytically reducing a hydrocarbonaceous source by the protons and a second catalyst disposed on the cathode to produce a hydrocarbon fuel composition,wherein the first and second catalysts are each a solid catalyst, and the anode and cathode are separated by the polymer electrolyte membrane.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous source is a biomass- derived compound claim 1 , a compound comprising a hydroxyl group claim 1 , a compound comprising an ether group claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous source is a bio-oil claim 2 , carbohydrate claim 2 , carboxylic acid claim 2 , cellulose claim 2 , furan claim 2 , furfural claim 2 , furfural alcohol claim 2 , hemicellulose claim 2 , lignin claim 2 , a derivative thereof claim 2 , or a combination comprising any of the foregoing.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the carbohydrate is a monosaccharide claim 3 , disaccharide claim 3 , polysaccharide claim 3 , sugar alcohol claim 3 , starch claim 3 , a derivative thereof claim 3 , or a combination comprising any of the ...

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Номер записи: 39
23-01-2014 дата публикации

System and Process for Making Formic Acid

Номер: US20140021059A1
Автор: Cole Emily Barton, Keyshar Kunttal, Sivasankar Narayanappa, Sullivan Ian, Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

Methods and systems for electrochemical production of formic acid are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte and a cathode. The cathode is selected from the group consisting of indium, lead, tin, cadmium, and bismuth. The second compartment may include a pH of between approximately 4 and 7. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to formic acid. Step (D) may maintain a concentration of formic acid in the second compartment at or below approximately 500 ppm. 110.-. (canceled)11. A system for electrochemical production of at least formic acid , comprising: a cathode; and', 'a catholyte, the pH of the catholyte being maintained from 4.3 to 5.5, the catholyte including formic acid maintained at a concentration of no greater than about 500 ppm., 'an electrochemical cell including12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte includes at least one of potassium sulfate claim 11 , potassium chloride claim 11 , sodium chloride claim 11 , sodium sulfate claim 11 , lithium sulfate claim 11 , sodium perchlorate claim 11 , or lithium chloride.13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the second cell compartment includes a heterocyclic aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxy pyridine claim 11 , adenine claim 11 , a heterocyclic amine containing sulfur claim 11 , a heterocyclic amine containing oxygen claim 11 , an azole claim 11 , benzimidazole claim 11 , a bipyridine claim 11 , furan claim 11 , an imidazole claim 11 , an imidazole related species with at least one five-member ring claim 11 , an indole claim 11 , methylimidazole claim 11 , an ...

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Номер записи: 40
23-01-2014 дата публикации

Heterocycle Catalyzed Electrochemical Process

Номер: US20140021060A1
Автор: Bocarsly Andrew B., Cole Emily Barton, Parajuli Rishi, Sivasankar Narayanappa
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

A method for heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical reduction of a carbonyl compound is disclosed. The method generally includes steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may introduce the carbonyl compound into a solution of an electrolyte and a heterocycle catalyst in a divided electrochemical cell. The divided electrochemical cell may include an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment. The cathode generally reduces the carbonyl compound to at least one aldehyde compound. Step (B) may vary which of the aldehyde compounds is produced by adjusting one or more of (i) a cathode material, (ii) the electrolyte, (iii) the heterocycle catalyst, (iv) a pH level and (v) an electrical potential. Step (C) may separate the aldehyde compounds from the solution. 1. A method for heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical reduction of a carbonyl compound , comprising the steps of:(A) introducing said carbonyl compound into a solution of an electrolyte and a heterocycle catalyst in a divided electrochemical cell, wherein (i) said divided electrochemical cell comprises an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment, (ii) said cathode reducing said carbonyl compound to at least one aldehyde compound;(B) varying which of said aldehyde compounds is produced by adjusting one or more of (i) a cathode material, (ii) said electrolyte, (iii) said heterocycle catalyst, (iv) a pH level and (v) an electrical potential; and(C) separating said aldehyde compounds from said solution.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said cathode material is at least one of Al claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , C claim 1 , Cd claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cu alloys claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Hg claim 1 , In claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Ni alloys claim 1 , Ni—Fe alloys claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Sn alloys claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , W claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , elgiloy claim 1 , Nichrome claim 1 , austenitic steel claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 41
30-01-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING REDUCED GLUTATHIONE

Номер: US20140027302A1
Автор: Fukumoto Kenta, KINO Mitsutaka
Принадлежит: KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD.

Reduced glutathione is produced by a process for producing reduced glutathione by electroreduction of oxidized glutathione using a cathode cell and an anode cell separated from each other by a separating membrane, comprising using, as a solution in the cathode cell, an aqueous oxidized glutathione solution having a pH adjusted to higher than 3.0 and not more than 7.0 by adding a base, in which oxidized glutathione itself also acts as a conducting agent. 1. A process for producing reduced glutathione by electroreduction of oxidized glutathione using a cathode cell and an anode cell separated from each other by a separating membrane , comprising using , as a solution in the cathode cell , an aqueous oxidized glutathione solution having a pH adjusted to higher than 3.0 and not more than 7.0 by adding a base.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the base is sodium or potassium salt of hydroxide claim 1 , carbonate or hydrogencarbonate.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous oxidized glutathione solution does not contain a neutral salt as a conducting agent.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous oxidized glutathione solution has a concentration of not less than 20 g/L.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the electroreduction is carried out at an electric current density of 0.1-30 A/dm.6. A process for producing a reduced glutathione crystal claim 1 , comprising subjecting a reduced glutathione solution produced by the process according to to 1) adjustment of pH claim 1 , or 2) removal of cation by passing the solution through an ion exchange column claim 1 , followed by crystallization. This application is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2012/059208, filed on Apr. 4, 2012, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-084358, filed on Ap. 6, 2011, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein.The present invention relates to a process for producing ...

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Номер записи: 42
30-01-2014 дата публикации

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carboxylic Acids, Glycols, and Carboxylates

Номер: US20140027303A1
Автор: Bocarsly Andrew B., Cole Emily Barton, Sivasankar Narayanappa, Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carboxylic acids, glycols, and carboxylates are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte and a cathode. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to a carboxylic acid intermediate. Step (D) may contact the carboxylic acid intermediate with hydrogen to produce a reaction product. 1. A method for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide , comprising:(A) introducing a liquid to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell, the first compartment including an anode;(B) introducing carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell, the second compartment including a solution of an electrolyte, a cathode, and a homogenous heterocyclic amine catalyst, the cathode selected from the group consisting of cadmium, a cadmium alloy, cobalt, a cobalt alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, chromium, a chromium alloy, indium, an indium alloy, iron, an iron alloy, copper, a copper alloy, lead, a lead alloy, palladium, a palladium alloy, platinum, a platinum alloy, molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy, tungsten, a tungsten alloy, niobium, a niobium alloy, silver, a silver alloy, tin, a tin alloy, rhodium, a rhodium alloy, ruthenium, a ruthenium alloy, carbon, and mixtures thereof;(C) applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient for the cathode to reduce the carbon dioxide to a carboxylic acid intermediate; and(D) contacting the carboxylic acid intermediate with hydrogen to produce a reaction product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid intermediate ...

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Номер записи: 43
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Ruthenium or Osmium Complexes and Their Uses as Catalysts for Water Oxidation

Номер: US20140034505A1
Автор: Chen Zuofeng, Corbea Javier Jesus Concepcion, Hoertz Paul, Jurss Jonah Wesley, Meyer Thomas J., Templeton Joseph L.
Принадлежит: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The present invention provides ruthenium or osmium complexes and their uses as a catalyst for catalytic water oxidation. Another aspect of the invention provides an electrode and photo-electrochemical cells for electrolysis of water molecules. 2. (canceled)46.-. (canceled)811.-. (canceled)12. A photo-electrochemical cell comprising the catalyst comprising a complex according to formula (I) according to .1317.-. (canceled)19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising exposing the electrolytic media which contains the catalyst to light radiation to generate hydrogen and/or oxygen gases.21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising exposing the reaction media which contains the catalyst to light radiation to generate methanol claim 20 , hydrocarbons and/or oxygen (O). This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/236,219, filed Aug. 24, 2009, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.This invention was made, in-part, with United States government support under grant number DE-FG02-06ER15788 from the Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has certain rights to this invention.The present invention generally relates to catalysts for water oxidation.Hydrogen is one of the most promising alternative energy sources. It can be obtained by electrolysis of water, which is environmentally friendly and efficient. However, the electrolysis of water is an energy intensive process, which is very expensive. On the other hand, photolysis, the splitting of water by light, presents an attractive alternative method of obtaining hydrogen. Additionally, light driven reduction of carbon dioxide by water to provide hydrocarbons or methanol may be another promising alternative to alternate energy sources. For both types of reactions, coupled water oxidation to oxygen is required. In order to facilitate the photolysis of water by light in either type of reaction, a catalyst is required ...

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Номер записи: 44
06-02-2014 дата публикации

System and Method for Oxidizing Organic Compounds While Reducing Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20140034506A1
Автор: Bocarsly Andrew B., Cole Emily Barton, Kaczur Jerry J., Majsztrik Paul, Sivasankar Narayanappa, Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

Methods and systems for electrochemically generating an oxidation product and a reduction product may include one or more operations including, but not limited to: receiving a feed of at least one organic compound into an anolyte region of an electrochemical cell including an anode; at least partially oxidizing the at least one organic compound at the anode to generate at least carbon dioxide; receiving a feed including carbon dioxide into a catholyte region of the electrochemical cell including a cathode; and at least partially reducing carbon dioxide to generate a reduction product at the cathode. 16-. (canceled)7. A system for at least partially simultaneously electrochemically generating an oxidation product and a reduction product , the system comprising:an electrochemical cell including an anolyte region and a catholyte region separated by at least one ion exchange membrane;an organic compound feed input operably coupled to the anolyte region; and a carbon dioxide feed input operably coupled to the catholyte region.8. The system of claim 7 , further comprising:a gas/fluid coupling between the anolyte region and the catholyte region and configured for the transfer of carbon dioxide generated in an oxidation reaction in the anolyte region to the catholyte region.9. The system of claim 7 , wherein an organic compound feed to the anolyte region includes an aqueous solution of an organic compound.10. The system of claim 7 , wherein an organic compound feed to the anolyte region includes an compound feed selected from at least one of: an alkane claim 7 , an alkene; an aromatic; a carboxylic acid; an aldehyde; a ketone; an alcohol; a cyanide; a phenol claim 7 , a sugar claim 7 , a glycol claim 7 , a surfactant claim 7 , and a halogenated organic compound.11. The system of claim 7 , where a reduction product generated in the catholyte region is selected from at least one of: hydrogen claim 7 , carbon monoxide claim 7 , carbon claim 7 , formic acid claim 7 , ...

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Номер записи: 45
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Process for the preparation of vanillin

Номер: US20140034508A1
Автор: Fischer Andreas, KIRSTE Axel, REGENBRECHT Carolin, Schmitt Dominik, Stecker Florian, Waldvogel Siegfried
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for preparing vanillin, comprising an electrolysis of an aqueous, alkaline lignin-comprising suspension or solution, wherein, as anode material, a base alloy is used which is selected among Co-base alloys, Fe-base alloys, Cu-base alloys and Ni-base alloys. 1. A process for preparing vanillin , said process comprising an electrolysis of an aqueous , alkaline lignin-comprising suspension or solution , wherein , as anode material , a base alloy is used which is selected from Co-base alloys , Fe-base alloys , Cu-base alloys , or Ni-base alloys.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , as anode material claim 1 , a base alloy is used which is selected from Co-base alloys claim 1 , Fe-base alloys claim 1 , or Ni-base alloys claim 1 , wherein a1) 50 to 95% by weight of Ni and', 'b1) 5 to 50% by weight of at least one further alloy component, selected from Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, Mo, V, Nb, Ti, Si, Al, C, or S;, '(1) the Ni-base alloy comprises a2) 50 to 95% by weight of Co and', 'b2) 5 to 50% by weight of at least one further alloy component, selected from Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nb, Ti, Si, P, or C; and, '(2) the Co-base alloy substantially a3) 50 to 95% by weight of Co and', 'b3) 5 to 50% by weight of at least one further alloy component, selected from Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nb, Ti, Si, P, S or C., '(3) the Fe-base alloy substantially comprises3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the base alloy is selected from1.1 Ni-base alloys that comprise 5 to 35% by weight of Cu,1.2 Ni-base alloys that comprise 5 to 40% by weight of Cr,1.3 Ni-base alloys that comprise 5 to 35% by weight of Mo,2.1 Co-base alloys that comprise 5 to 40% by weight of Cr, or3.1 high-alloy chromium-comprising stainless steels.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the anode material is selected from a Cu-base alloy that comprisesa4) 50 to 95% by weight of Cu andb4) 5 to 50% by weight of at least one further alloy component ...

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Номер записи: 46
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Heterocycle Catalyzed Carbonylation and Hydroformylation with Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20140034509A1
Автор: Cole Emily Barton, Sivasankar Narayanappa, Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит: Liquid Light, Inc.

Methods and systems for heterocycle catalyzed carbonylation and hydroformylation with carbon dioxide are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte, a heterocyclic catalyst, and a cathode. Step (C) may introduce a second reactant to the second compartment of the electrochemical cell. Step (D) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient to induce liquid phase carbonylation or hydroformylation to form a product mixture. 19-. (canceled)10. A method for carbonylation with carbon dioxide , comprising:(A) introducing water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell, said first compartment including an anode;(B) introducing carbon dioxide to a second compartment of said electrochemical cell, said second compartment including a solution of an electrolyte, a heterocyclic catalyst, and a cathode;(C) introducing at least one of a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, an alcohol, acetylene, an amine, an aromatic compound, or an epoxide to said second compartment of said electrochemical cell; and(D) applying an electrical potential between said anode and said cathode in said electrochemical cell sufficient for said cathode to induce liquid phase carbonylation to form a product mixture.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said product mixture includes at least one of an organic acid claim 10 , an aldehyde claim 10 , an alcohol claim 10 , a carbonate claim 10 , or a cyclic compound.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said solution of said electrolyte includes at least one of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.13. The method of claim 10 , where said heterocyclic catalyst includes at least one of imidazole claim ...

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Номер записи: 47
13-03-2014 дата публикации

BIO-ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS

Номер: US20140069806A1
Автор: Buck Justin, Guzman Juan J., Kiely Patrick, Silver Matthew
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides bio-electrochemical systems having various configurations for the treatment of water, wastewater, gases, and other biodegradable matter. In one aspect, the invention provides bio-electrochemical systems configured for treating wastewater while generating multiple outputs. In another aspect, the invention provides bio-electrochemical systems configured for improving the efficiency of electrodialysis removal systems. In yet another aspect, the invention provides bio-electrochemical systems configured for use in banks and basins. 120-. (canceled)21. A bio-electrochemical system comprising an anode , at least two cathodes , and electrogenic bacteria , and capable of producing water , hydrogen , methane , and electricity.22. The bio-electrochemical system of claim 21 , comprising an aqueous anode claim 21 , an aqueous cathode claim 21 , and a gaseous cathode claim 21 , wherein the anode and cathodes are electrically connected.23. The bio-electrochemical system of claim 21 , wherein the hydrogen is produced via an anaerobic reaction in the presence of an applied voltage.24. The bio-electrochemical system of claim 21 , wherein the methane is produced via the reduction of COin the presence of an applied voltage.25. The bio-electrochemical system of claim 21 , further comprising a second anode.26. A bio-electrochemical system comprising:an aqueous chamber comprising at least one anode and at least one cathode;a gaseous chamber separate from the aqueous chamber and comprising at least one cathode, wherein the at least one anode is electrically coupled to both the cathode disposed in the aqueous chamber and the cathode disposed in the gaseous chamber; andat least one electrogenic microbe disposed in the aqueous chamber.27. The bio-electrochemical cell of claim 26 , wherein the at least one electrogenic microbe is associated with the anode.28. The bio-electrochemical cell of claim 26 , wherein the at least one electrogenic microbe is associated ...

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Номер записи: 48
03-04-2014 дата публикации

COMBUSTIBLE FUEL AND APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR CREATING THE SAME

Номер: US20140090986A1
Автор: Bethurem Gary J.
Принадлежит:

Features for an aqueous reactor include a field generator. The field generator includes a series of parallel conductive plates including a series of intermediate neutral plates. The intermediate neutral plates are arranged in interleaved sets between an anode and a cathode. Other features of the aqueous reactor may include a sealed reaction vessel, fluid circulation manifold, electrical power modulator, vacuum port, and barrier membrane. Methods of using the field generator include immersion in an electrolyte solution and application of an external voltage and vacuum to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases. The reactor and related components can be arranged to produce gaseous fuel or liquid fuel. In one use, a mixture of a carbon based material and a liquid hydrocarbon is added. The preferred carbon based material is powdered coal. 1. An apparatus for generating an electric field , comprising:one or more arrays of plates, the first array including electrically conductive parallel spaced-apart plates supported by a non-electrically conductive framework, wherein the first array of plates includes one or more plates capable of being a cathode at a first end of the array, one or more plates capable of being an anode at a second end of the array opposite to the first end, and one or more neutral plates interposed between the plates capable of being a cathode and an anode, wherein the neutral plates are arranged in interleaved neutral subsets, a first neutral subset including at least three neutral plates electrically connected together and electrically isolated from the plates capable of being a cathode and an anode and any other neutral subsets.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plates of each subset is interleaved with the plates of other of the subsets.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plates are substantially comprised of a material of high conductivity plated with a catalyst interactive in electrolysis.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 49
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Devices And Processes For Carbon Dioxide Conversion Into Useful Fuels And Chemicals

Номер: US20140093799A1
Автор: Masel Richard I., Rosen Brian A., Zhu Wei
Принадлежит:

Electrochemical devices for converting carbon dioxide to useful reaction products include a solid or a liquid with a specific pH and/or water content. Chemical processes using the devices are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, (COOH), (COO), acrylic acid, diphenyl carbonate, other carbonates, other organic acids and synthetic fuels. The electrochemical device can be a COsensor. 2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the substance is 2-5.3. The electrochemical device of claim 2 , wherein the pH of the substance is 2.5-4.0.4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the substance is 1.2-1.8.5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 1 , liquid claim 1 , solid or solution has a concentration of 1%-98% water by volume.6. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 5 , liquid claim 5 , solid and solution has a concentration of 10%-70% water by volume.7. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 5 , liquid claim 5 , solid and solution has a concentration of 70%-98% water by volume.8. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , further comprising a membrane electrode assembly claim 1 , the membrane electrode assembly comprising:(i) a cathode;(ii) a cathode catalyst;(iii) a Buffer Layer;(iv) a separator membrane;(v) an anode catalyst; and(vi) an anode.9. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the Buffer Layer is located within 1 mm of the cathode claim 1 , the Buffer Layer comprising a substance having a pH of 1.1-5.5 when measured according to at least one of the tests listed in .10. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the cathode and a catalyst operatively associated with the cathode comprises a catalytically active element.11. The electrochemical device of claim 10 , wherein the catalytically ...

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Номер записи: 50
03-01-2019 дата публикации

CARBON-DIOXIDE-REDUCING FILM, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND CARBON-DIOXIDE-REDUCING APPARATUS

Номер: US20190001258A1
Автор: AMADA Hideyuki, Anazawa Toshihisa, Imanaka Yoshihiko, MANABE Toshio
Принадлежит: FUJITSU LIMITED

A carbon-dioxide-reducing film includes, an electrically conductive material, a carbon-dioxide adsorbent, and a proton-permeable high-molecular-weight material. The electrically conductive material includes at least one selected from a group consisting of carbon nanotubes, nanographenes, and carbon paper. 1. A carbon-dioxide-reducing film comprising:an electrically conductive material including at least one selected from a group consisting of carbon nanotubes, nanographenes, and carbon paper;a carbon-dioxide adsorbent; anda proton-permeable high-molecular-weight material.2. The carbon-dioxide-reducing film according to claim 1 , comprising:the electrically conductive material configured to be at least one selected from a group consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes having carboxy groups on the surfaces and multi-walled carbon nanotubes having carboxy groups on the surfaces.3. The carbon-dioxide-reducing film according to claim 1 , comprising:the carbon-dioxide adsorbent configured to include a metal that reduces carbon dioxide and a ligand that coordinate with the metal.4. The carbon-dioxide-reducing film according to claim 1 ,wherein the content of the electrically conductive material is 1% by mass to 10% by mass relative to the carbon-dioxide adsorbent.5. The carbon-dioxide-reducing film according to claim 3 ,wherein the metal is at least one selected from a group consisting of nickel, copper, zinc, magnesium, iron, and cobalt.6. The carbon-dioxide-reducing film according to claim 3 ,wherein the ligand has at least one selected from a group consisting of a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, an imino group, a thiol group, a carboxylate group, and an oxime group.7. The carbon-dioxide-reducing film according to claim 3 , at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and', 'two pairs of a carboxy group and a hydroxy group, the two pairs being bonded to the at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring, where a carboxy group of one pair of a carboxy group and a ...

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Номер записи: 51
07-01-2016 дата публикации

SYNTHESIS AND USE OF BIOBASED IMIDAZOLIUM CARBOXYLATES

Номер: US20160002796A1
Автор: ANDRIEU Jacques, de ROBILLARD Guillaume, DEVILLERS Charles
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a new method for preparation of biobased imidazolium salts and derivatives thereof; in particular, for the preparation of imidazolium hydrogenooxalate. The present invention also relates to uses of imidazolium hydrogenooxalate salts, especially as a precursor of imidazolium carboxylate compounds. The present invention also refers to a green electrochemical process providing imidazolium compounds, especially imidazolium carboxylate compounds. Especially, the invention refers to a one-compartment electrochemical cell and its use for the preparation of imidazolium carboxylate compounds of formula (II): 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supporting electrolyte is a halogen-free imidazolium salt.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supporting electrolyte is imidazolium hydrogeno-oxalate salts and derivatives thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the imidazolium salt is a biosourced compound.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical cell is constituted by only one compartment.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide source.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the products of the oxidation step do not contaminate the products of the reduction step.9. The one-compartment electrochemical cell of claim 8 , wherein subproducts of an oxidation reaction occurring within the cell are non-toxic compounds claim 8 , easy to remove from a final reaction medium.10. The one-compartment electrochemical cell of claim 8 , further comprising a source of carbon dioxide.15. A cyclic process for delivering carbon dioxide stocked in a material claim 8 , membrane support claim 8 , solid or liquid claim 8 , comprising:contacting an imidazolium carboxylate compound with oxalic acid or formic acid to synthesize an imidazolium hydrogeno-oxalate or imidazolium formate salt and produce carbon dioxide; andregenerating an imidazolium carboxylate compound by an electrochemical process from the imidazolium hydrogeno-oxalate or ...

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Номер записи: 52
07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING REDUCED GLUTATHIONE

Номер: US20160002797A1
Автор: FUKUDA Miyuki, Fukumoto Kenta, KINO Mitsutaka
Принадлежит:

A method of producing reduced glutathione by electrolytic reduction of oxidized glutathione using a cathode cell and an anode cell separated from each other by a separating membrane, including using a cathode having a metal cathode surface, and, as a cathode solution, an aqueous oxidized glutathione solution having a pH adjusted to higher than and 5.0 or below by adding a base, which is added with the same metal as the metal of the cathode surface, a metal salt thereof, or a metal oxide thereof. 1. A method of producing reduced glutathione by electrolytic reduction of oxidized glutathione using a cathode cell and an anode cell separated from each other by a separating membrane , comprising using a cathode having a metal cathode surface , and , as a cathode solution , an aqueous oxidized glutathione solution having a pH adjusted to higher than 3.0 and 5.0 or below by adding a base , which is added with the same metal as the metal of the cathode surface , a metal salt thereof , or a metal oxide thereof2. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal on the cathode surface is a metal showing high hydrogen overvoltage.3. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the base is hydroxide claim 1 , carbonate or hydrogencarbonate of sodium or potassium.4. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous oxidized glutathione solution has a concentration of not less than 20 g/L.5. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the same metal as the metal of the cathode surface claim 1 , a metal salt thereof claim 1 , or a metal oxide thereof has a concentration after addition of 0.5-50 mmol/L.6. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic reduction is performed at an electric current density of 0.1-30 A/dm2.7. A method of producing a reduced glutathione crystal claim 1 , comprising subjecting a reduced glutathione solution claim 1 , produced by the production method according to claim 1 , to 1) ...

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Номер записи: 53
05-01-2017 дата публикации

PHOTOSYNTHESIS APPARATUS

Номер: US20170002471A1
Автор: OKAMOTO Naoya
Принадлежит: FUJITSU LIMITED

A photosynthesis apparatus includes a groove part formed in a semiconductor substrate; a first conductive type area formed on one side surface of the groove part; a second conductive type area formed on another side surface of the groove part; an oxidation electrode formed in contact with the first conductive type area on the one side surface; a reduction electrode formed in contact with the second conductive type area on the other side surface; and a proton diaphragm formed at a center part of the groove part. Water including carbon dioxide is supplied to the groove part, and light is radiated to the oxidation electrode or the reduction electrode to generate oxygen and a hydrogen ion from the water at the oxidation electrode, and the generated hydrogen ion penetrates the proton diaphragm and reacts with the carbon dioxide to generate formic acid at the reduction electrode. 1. A photosynthesis apparatus comprising:a groove part formed in a semiconductor substrate;a first conductive type area formed on one side surface of the groove part in the semiconductor substrate;a second conductive type area formed on another side surface of the groove part in the semiconductor substrate;an oxidation electrode formed in contact with the first conductive type area on the one side surface of the groove part;a reduction electrode formed in contact with the second conductive type area on the other side surface of the groove part; anda proton diaphragm formed at a center part of the groove part, whereinwater including carbon dioxide is supplied to the groove part, andlight is radiated to the oxidation electrode or the reduction electrode to generate oxygen and a hydrogen ion from the water at the oxidation electrode, and the generated hydrogen ion penetrates the proton diaphragm and reacts with the carbon dioxide to generate formic acid at the reduction electrode.2. The photosynthesis apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon substrate.3. A ...

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Номер записи: 54
04-01-2018 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HYDRIDE OF AROMATIC COMPOUND

Номер: US20180002823A1
Автор: Kobori Yoshihiro, MIYOSHI Kota, NAKAGAWA Kojiro, Sato Yasushi
Принадлежит: JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

An electrochemical reduction device comprising: an electrode unit configured to include an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode; a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode; a concentration measurement unit that measures a concentration of an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode; and a raw material supply amount adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of an organic liquid including an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode per unit time based on the concentration measured by the concentration measurement unit. 1. A method for manufacturing a hydride of an aromatic compound , the method comprising:introducing an aromatic compound to a reduction electrode of an electrode unit, the electrode unit comprising: (i) an electrolyte membrane having ionic conductivity; (ii) the reduction electrode that is provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane and that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of the aromatic compound; and (iii) an oxygen evolving electrode that is provided on the other side of the electrolyte membrane, and circulating water or a humidified gas to the oxygen evolving electrode;hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of the aromatic compound introduced to the reduction electrode, by applying a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode;adjusting an amount of an organic liquid including the aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode per unit time based on the concentration of the aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode; andincreasing the amount of the organic liquid to be supplied to the reduction electrode when the concentration of the aromatic compound is decreased.2. The method of manufacturing ...

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Номер записи: 55
02-01-2020 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE ELECTROLYTIC SYSTEM

Номер: US20200002823A1
Автор: KITAGAWA Ryota, Kudo Yuki, Mikoshiba Satoshi, Motoshige Asahi, ONO Akihiko, Sugano Yoshitsune, Tamura Jun, Tsukagoshi Takayuki, Yamagiwa Masakazu
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

A carbon dioxide reduction system comprises: an electrolytic unit including an electrolysis cell having a cathode to reduce a first substance containing carbon dioxide and thus produce a first product containing a carbon compound, and an anode to oxidize a second substance containing water or hydroxide ions and thus produce a second product containing oxygen, a detection unit to acquire data defining operation states of the electrolysis cell, and an electrolytic regulator to regulate electrolysis conditions of the electrolysis cell; a compression unit including a compressor to compress the first product, and a compressor regulator to regulate compression conditions of the first product by the compressor; and a controller programmed to predict a flow rate of the carbon compound discharged from the electrolysis cell in accordance with the data to control regulation of the compression conditions in accordance with the predicted flow rate. 1. A carbon dioxide reduction system , comprising: an electrolysis cell having a cathode to reduce a first substance containing carbon dioxide and thus produce a first product containing a carbon compound, and an anode to oxidize a second substance containing water or hydroxide ions and thus produce a second product containing oxygen,', 'a detection unit to acquire data defining operation states of the electrolysis cell, and', 'an electrolytic regulator to regulate electrolysis conditions of the electrolysis cell;, 'an electrolytic unit including'} a compressor to compress the first product, and', 'a compressor regulator to regulate compression conditions of the first product by the compressor; and, 'a compression unit including'}a controller programmed to predict a flow rate of the carbon compound discharged from the electrolysis cell in accordance with the data to control regulation of the compression conditions in accordance with the predicted flow rate.2. The system according to claim 1 , whereinthe first substance further ...

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Номер записи: 56
02-01-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20200002824A1
Автор: KITAGAWA Ryota, Kudo Yuki, Mikoshiba Satoshi, Motoshige Asahi, ONO Akihiko, Sugano Yoshitsune, Tamura Jun, Yamagiwa Masakazu
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other. 1. An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide comprising:an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode;a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, a gas flow path to supply the carbon dioxide to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; anda separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.2. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member includes a woven fabric claim 1 , a nonwoven fabric claim 1 , or a porous body allowing a liquid and an ion to pass through.3. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member has a porosity of not less than 40% nor more than 90%.4. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member includes a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric of a zirconia fiber.5. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid passing member includes a woven fabric claim 1 , a nonwoven fabric claim 1 , or a porous body ...

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Номер записи: 57
02-01-2020 дата публикации

OXIDATION ELECTRODE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION DEVICE USING THE SAME

Номер: US20200002827A1
Автор: KITAGAWA Ryota, Kudo Yuki, Mikoshiba Satoshi, Motoshige Asahi, ONO Akihiko, Sugano Yoshitsune, Tamura Jun, Yamagiwa Masakazu
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

An oxidation electrode in an embodiment includes: a conductive substrate made of a metal material including titanium, titanium alloy, or stainless steel; and an oxidation catalyst layer provided on the conductive substrate and made of a composite body containing nickel and iron. A bonding state of nickel and iron in the composite body containing nickel and iron is composed of Ni(OH), NiOOH, and FeOOH. 1. An oxidation electrode comprising:a conductive substrate made of a metal material including titanium, titanium alloy, or stainless steel; andan oxidation catalyst layer provided on the conductive substrate and made of a composite body containing nickel and iron, wherein{'sub': '2', 'a bonding state of nickel and iron in the composite body is composed of Ni(OH), NiOOH, and FeOOH.'}2. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereina content of iron in the composite body is 20 mass % or more and 70 mass % or less.3. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': −1', '−1', '−1', '−1', '−1', '−1, 'a Raman spectrum of the oxidation catalyst layer provided on the conductive substrate measured by a Raman spectroscopic analysis has a first peak in a Raman shift of 170 cmor more and 350 cmor less, a second peak in a Raman shift of 450 cmor more and 570 cmor less, and a third peak in a Raman shift of 650 cmor more and 700 cmor less.'}4. The electrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe electrode is configured to use as an oxidation electrode of an electrochemical reaction device which reduces carbon dioxide to produce a carbon compound and oxidizes water to produce oxygen.5. An electrochemical reaction device comprising:a reduction electrode arranged in contact with at least carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the oxidation electrode according to arranged in contact with an electrolytic solution containing water to oxidize the water and thus produce oxygen; and'}a power supply to ...

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Номер записи: 58
02-01-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

Номер: US20200002829A1
Автор: KITAGAWA Ryota, Kudo Yuki, Mikoshiba Satoshi, Motoshige Asahi, ONO Akihiko, Sugano Yoshitsune, Tamura Jun, Tsukagoshi Takayuki, Yamagiwa Masakazu
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, a gas flow path to supply the carbon dioxide to the cathode, and a hydrophobic porous body disposed between the cathode and the gas flow path; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other. 1. An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide comprising:an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode;a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, a gas flow path to supply the carbon dioxide to the cathode, and a hydrophobic porous body disposed between the cathode and the gas flow path; anda separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.2. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode includes a catalyst layer facing the cathode solution flow path and a gas diffusion layer in contact with the hydrophobic porous body claim 1 , and the hydrophobic porous body is disposed between the gas diffusion layer and the gas flow path.3. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic porous body contains a fluororesin in an amount of 50 mass % or more as a hydrophobic substance.4. The cell according to claim 2 ,wherein the hydrophobic porous body contains a fluororesin in an amount of 50 mass % or more as a hydrophobic substance, andwherein the gas diffusion layer contains a fluororesin in an amount of not less than 5 mass % nor more than 10 mass % as a hydrophobic substance.5. ...

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Номер записи: 59
08-01-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HYDRIDE OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPOUND OR N-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUND

Номер: US20150008138A1
Автор: Kobori Yoshihiro, MIYOSHI Kota, NAKAGAWA Kojiro, Sato Yasushi
Принадлежит: JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

An electrochemical reduction device is provided with an electrode unit, a power control unit, an organic material storage tank, a water storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, and a control unit. The electrode unit has an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The electrolyte membrane is formed of an ionomer. A reduction catalyst used for the reduction electrode contains at least one of Pt and Pd. The oxygen evolving electrode contains catalysts of noble metal oxides such as RuO, IrO, and the like. The control unit controls the power control unit such that a relationship, V−20 mV≦V≦V, can be satisfied when the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, the standard redox potential of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or an N-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound, and the potential of the reduction electrode are expressed as V, V, and V, respectively. 1. An electrochemical reduction device comprising:an electrode unit including an electrolyte membrane having ionic conductivity, a reduction electrode that is provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane and that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or an N-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode that is provided on the other side of the electrolyte membrane;a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode; and{'sub': HER', 'CA', 'TRR', 'HER', 'TRR', 'CA, 'a control unit that controls the power control unit such that a relationship, V−arbitrarily-defined acceptable potential≦V≦V, can be satisfied when the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, the standard redox potential of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound or an N-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound, and the potential of the reduction electrode are expressed as V, V, and V, respectively.'}2. The electrochemical reduction device according ...

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Номер записи: 60
08-01-2015 дата публикации

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygenated and Unsaturated Organic Compounds

Номер: US20150008139A1
Автор: JACKSON James E., Li Zhenglong, Miller Dennis J., Saffron Christopher M.
Принадлежит:

A process and related electrode composition are disclosed for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived bio-oil components by the production of hydrogen atoms on a catalyst surface followed by the reaction of the hydrogen atoms with the organic compounds in bio-oil. The catalyst is a metal supported on a monolithic high surface area material such as activated carbon cloth. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation stabilizes the bio-oil under mild conditions to reduce coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The process converts oxygen-containing functionalities and unsaturated bonds into chemically reduced forms with an increased hydrogen content. The process is operated at mild conditions, which enables it to be a good means for stabilizing bio-oil to a form that can be stored and transported using metal containers and pipes. 1. A process for performing at least one of electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) and electrocatalytic hydrodeoxygenation (ECHDO) of an organic substrate , the process comprising:(a) providing a reaction mixture comprising an organic reactant comprising one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carbonyl carbon-oxygen double bonds, aromatic double bonds, ethylenic carbon-carbon double bonds, acetylenic carbon-carbon triple bonds, hydroxylcarbon-oxygen single bonds, ether carbon-oxygen single bonds, and combinations thereof;(b) contacting the reaction mixture with a first electrode comprising a catalytic electrode composition comprising (i) a porous activated carbon cloth (ACC) support and (ii) metal catalyst particles immobilized on the ACC support;(c) electrically contacting the reaction mixture with a second electrode; and(d) applying an electrical potential between the first electrode and the second electrode to provide an electrical current therebetween and through the reaction mixture, thereby performing at least one of an ECH reaction and an ECHDO reaction to ...

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Номер записи: 61
03-01-2019 дата публикации

MICROBIAL ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY AND BIOPRODUCTS THEREIN

Номер: US20190006694A1
Автор: Awate Bhushan, Reguera Gemma, Speers Allison M., Young Jenna M.
Принадлежит:

Bioelectrochemical systems comprising a microbial fuel cell (MFC) or a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) are provided. Either type of system is capable of fermenting insoluble or soluble biomass, with the MFC capable of using a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) organism to also hydrolyze an insoluble biomass, and an electricigen to produce electricity. In contrast, the MEC relies on electricity input into the system, a fermentative organism and an electricigen to produce fermentative products such as ethanol and 1,3-propanediol from a polyol biomass (e.g., containing glycerol). Related methods are also provided. 122-. (canceled)23. A method of using a microbial electrolysis cell comprising:setting a potential in the microbial electrolysis cell between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode;{'i': 'Clostridium cellulolyticum', 'performing a fermentation step comprising fermentation only or fermentation and hydrolysis in the microbial electrolysis cell with one or more mesophilic consolidated bioprocessing organisms to convert biomass located in the microbial electrolysis cell to a bioproduct, wherein the fermentation step also produces one or more fermentation byproducts which contain electrons and protons, wherein the one or more mesophilic consolidated bioprocessing organisms also anaerobically co-ferment six- and five-carbon sugars and comprise one or more cellulomonads, or one or more clostridial strains, not including ; and'}in the presence of the potential, allowing a second organism comprising an electricigen cultured at a temperature not greater than 40° C. to convert substantially all the fermentation byproducts to electricity by first transferring substantially all the electrons present in the one or more fermentation byproducts to the anode electrode to produce a film which catalytically splits the electrons and the protons, wherein the electrons thereafter flow from the anode electrode towards the cathode electrode to produce the electricity, further ...

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Номер записи: 62
20-01-2022 дата публикации

Methods and systems for fuel production

Номер: US20220018029A1
Автор: Robert McGinnis
Принадлежит: Prometheus Fuels Inc

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for producing carbon products via electrochemical reduction from fluid streams containing a carbon-containing material, such as, for example, carbon dioxide. Electrochemical reduction systems and methods of the present disclosure may comprise micro- or nanostructured membranes for separation and catalytic processes. The electrochemical reduction systems and methods may utilize renewable energy sources to generate a carbon product comprising one or more carbon atoms (C1+ product), such as, for example, fuel. This may be performed at substantially low (or nearly zero) net or negative carbon emissions.

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Номер записи: 63
14-01-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HYDRIDE OF AROMATIC COMPOUND

Номер: US20160010223A1
Автор: Kobori Yoshihiro, MIYOSHI Kota, NAKAGAWA Kojiro, Sato Yasushi
Принадлежит: JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

An electrochemical reduction device includes an electrode unit, a power control unit, an organic material storage tank, a concentration measurement unit, a water storage tank, a gas-water separation unit, and a control unit. The electrode unit includes an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The control unit controls the power control unit so as to satisfy a relation of V−V≦V≦Vwhen the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, the standard redox potential of the aromatic compound, and the potential of the reduction electrode are expressed as V, V, and V, respectively. Vis adjusted according to the concentration of the aromatic compound measured by the concentration measurement unit. 1. An electrochemical reduction device comprising:an electrode unit configured to include an electrolyte membrane having ionic conductivity, a reduction electrode that is provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane and that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode that is provided on the other side of the electrolyte membrane;a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode;a concentration measurement unit that measures a concentration of an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode;{'sub': HER', 'allow', 'CA', 'TRR', 'CA', 'HER', 'TRR', 'CA', 'allow, 'a control unit that controls the power control unit so as to satisfy a relation of V−V≦V≦Vwhen a potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, a standard redox potential of the aromatic compound, a potential of the reduction electrode, and a potential difference for setting a lower limit potential used for determining a lower limit acceptable potential of the potential Vare expressed as V, V, V, and V, respectively; and'}{'sub': CA', 'allow, 'a lower limit potential setting unit that determines a lower limit of the ...

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Номер записи: 64
14-01-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HYDRIDE OF AROMATIC COMPOUND

Номер: US20160010224A1
Автор: Kobori Yoshihiro, MIYOSHI Kota, NAKAGAWA Kojiro, Sato Yasushi
Принадлежит: JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

An electrochemical reduction device comprising: an electrode unit configured to include an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode; a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode; a concentration measurement unit that measures a concentration of an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode; and a raw material supply amount adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of an organic liquid including an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode per unit time based on the concentration measured by the concentration measurement unit. 1. An electrochemical reduction device comprising:an electrode unit configured to include an electrolyte membrane having ionic conductivity, a reduction electrode that is provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane and that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode that is provided on the other side of the electrolyte membrane;a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode;a concentration measurement unit that measures a concentration of an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode; anda raw material supply amount adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of an organic liquid including an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode per unit time based on the concentration of the aromatic compound measured by the concentration measurement unit.2. The electrochemical reduction device according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material supply amount adjustment unit increases the amount of the organic liquid to be supplied to the reduction electrode when the concentration of the aromatic compound is decreased.3. An ...

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Номер записи: 65
08-01-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF CHLORO-CHITOSAN

Номер: US20150011742A1
Автор: Halada Gary P., Jha Prashant Kumar
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides methods for producing chitosan derivatives and the derivatives formed by these methods. The processes of the present disclosure utilize electrochemical methods to functionalize and/or modify amine and/or hydroxyl groups present on chitosan, to form new derivatives. In embodiments, a chloro-chitosan derivative may be prepared. The altered cationic affinity of these derivatives make them excellent candidates for biomedical applications, including pharmaceuticals, as well as food applications. 1. A process comprising:contacting chitosan with a solvent to form a chitosan solution;adding to the chitosan solution an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hypochloric acid, organic acids, and combinations thereof, to reduce the pH of the chitosan solution to a pH from about 1 to about 6;applying a positive potential of from about 1.5 volts to about 50 volts to the chitosan solution by the introduction of a cathode and anode into the chitosan solution;forming a chloro-chitosan derivative in the chitosan solution; andrecovering the chloro-chitosan derivative from the chitosan solution.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water claim 1 , alcohols and combinations thereof claim 1 , and wherein the chitosan is present in an amount from about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight of the chitosan solution.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan solution is formed with heating from about 10° C. to about 90° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan solution is formed with mixing at a rate of from about 1 revolution per minute to about 1000 revolutions per minute.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan solution is formed over a period of time from about 1 minute to about 48 hours.7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising contacting a drug with the chloro-chitosan derivative to form a drug delivery device.8. The process of claim 1 , further ...

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Номер записи: 66
11-01-2018 дата публикации

Methanol generation device, method for generating methanol, and electrode for generating methanol

Номер: US20180010255A1
Автор: Hiroshi HASHIBA, Masahiro Deguchi, Satoshi Yotsuhashi, Yuka Yamada
Принадлежит: Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd

The present invention provides a methanol generation device for generating methanol by reducing carbon dioxide, comprising: a container for storing an electrolyte solution containing carbon dioxide; a cathode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; an anode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; and an external power supply for applying a voltage so that a potential of the cathode electrode is negative with respect to a potential of the anode electrode. The cathode electrode has a region of Cu 1-x-y Ni x Au y (0<x, 0<y, and x+y<1). The anode electrode has a region of a metal or a metal compound.

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Номер записи: 67
10-01-2019 дата публикации

PHOTOELECTRODE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

Номер: US20190010617A1
Автор: KITAGAWA Ryota, Kudo Yuki, Mikoshiba Satoshi, ONO Akihiko, Sugano Yoshitsune, Tamura Jun, TSUTSUMI Eishi, Yamagiwa Masakazu
Принадлежит: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA

A method of manufacturing a photoelectrode of an embodiment includes: preparing a stack including a first electrode layer having a light transmitting electrode, a second electrode layer having a metal electrode, and a photovoltaic layer disposed between the electrode layers; immersing the stack in an electrolytic solution containing an ion including a metal constituting a catalyst layer which is to be formed on the first electrode layer; and passing a current to the stack through the second electrode layer to electrochemically precipitate at least one selected from the metal and a compound containing the metal, onto the first electrode layer, thereby forming the catalyst layer. 1. A method for manufacturing an electrode , the method comprising:preparing a stack comprising a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer comprising a metal electrode, and a voltaic layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the voltaic layer comprising a pin junction or a pn junction of semiconductors;immersing the stack in an electrolytic solution comprising an ion comprising a metal constituting at least part of a catalyst layer which is to be formed on the first electrode layer; andpassing a current to the stack immersed in the electrolytic solution through the second electrode layer to electrochemically precipitate at least one selected from the group consisting of the metal and a compound comprising the metal, onto the first electrode layer.2. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the electrolytic solution comprises: at least one cation selected from the group consisting of an ion of the metal, an oxide ion of the metal, and a complex ion of the metal; and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of an inorganic acid ion and a hydroxide ion, andwherein a counter electrode is immersed in the electrolytic solution to face the stack immersed in the electrolytic solution, and at least one selected from the group consisting of the metal, a ...

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Номер записи: 68
10-01-2019 дата публикации

Method And System For Electrochemical Production Of Formic Acid From Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20190010620A1
Автор: Kaczur Jerry J., Masel Richard I., Sajjad Syed Dawar, Yang Hongzhou
Принадлежит:

An electrochemical device converts carbon dioxide to a formic acid reaction product. The device includes an anode and a cathode, each comprising a quantity of catalyst. The anode and cathode each have reactant introduced thereto. A cation exchange polymer electrolyte membrane and an anion exchange polymer electrolyte membrane, are interposed between the anode and the cathode, forming a central flow compartment where a carbon dioxide reduction product, such as formic acid, can be recovered. At least a portion of the cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous carbon dioxide during electrolysis. The average current density at the membrane is at least 20 mA/cm, measured as the area of the cathode gas diffusion layer that is covered by catalyst, and formate ion selectivity is at least 50% at a cell potential difference of 3.0 V. 2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein said anion exchange membrane has oppositely facing first and second major surfaces claim 1 , said first major surface contacts said cathode and said second major surface contacting an aqueous constituent.3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein said central flow compartment comprises an acidic medium.5. The electrochemical device in claim 1 , wherein at least 50% by mass of said cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous COduring electrochemical conversion of the COto said reaction product.6. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein said gaseous COis directed within 2 mm of said cathode catalyst or said gas diffusion layer on which said cathode catalyst is disposed.7. The electrochemical device in claim 6 , wherein at least 90% by mass of said cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous COduring electrochemical conversion of the COto said reaction product.8. The electrochemical device in claim 1 , wherein said central flow compartment contains a structure comprising an ion exchange resin.10. The electrochemical device of claim 9 , wherein said anion exchange ...

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Номер записи: 69
09-01-2020 дата публикации

METHODS OF AND SYSTEMS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF SUBSTRATES

Номер: US20200010964A1
Автор: Abdullayev Yusif, Hasanov Zafar
Принадлежит:

Provided are methods and systems for electrochemical reduction of carbon sources including, for example, carbon dioxide and carbonates. The methods and systems use a catalyst. The catalyst may comprise metals such as Fe (iron), and Ti (titanium), Ni (nickel), and Zn (zinc) and/or oxides thereof. The metals may be disposed in an aluminosilicate. The catalyst may be a porous volcanic tuff based material. The methods and systems can be used to produce various carbon-source, reduction products. 1. A method for electrochemical reduction of a carbon source comprising:contacting a carbon source and, optionally, a chloride salt, with a catalyst comprising Fe (iron) at 2-15 weight %, and Ti (titanium) at 0.3-5 weight %, Ni (nickel), and Zn (zinc) disposed in an aluminosilicate, wherein the catalyst is under an electrochemical potential, such that a carbon-source, reduction product is formed, andoptionally, separating the carbon-source, reduction product from the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon source is carbon dioxide or a carbonate material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is based on various porous volcanic tuff material.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more of Ga (gallium) claim 1 , Zirconium (Zr) claim 1 , Copper (Cu) claim 1 , and Vanadium (V).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an anode and/or a cathode in an electrochemical cell or disposed between and in electrical contact with a cathode and an anode of an electrochemical cell.6. The method claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a cathode and a carbon material is an anode of an electrochemical cell.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-source claim 1 , reduction product is chosen from carbon monoxide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , organic compounds claim 1 , chlorinated organic compounds claim 1 , chloride oxidation products claim 1 , and combinations thereof.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the chloride oxidation products ...

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Номер записи: 70
15-01-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NITRO-CHITOSAN

Номер: US20150014180A1
Автор: Halada Gary P., Jha Prashant Kumar
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides methods for producing chitosan derivatives and the derivatives formed by these methods. The processes of the present disclosure utilize electrochemical methods to functionalize and/or modify amine and/or hydroxyl groups present on chitosan, to form new derivatives. In embodiments, a nitro-chitosan derivative may be prepared. The altered cationic affinity of these derivatives make them excellent candidates for environmental applications, including water and waste treatments, and fertilizers. 1. A process comprising:contacting chitosan with a solvent to form a chitosan solution;adding to the chitosan solution an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, organic acids, and combinations thereof, to reduce the pH of the chitosan solution to a pH from about 1 to about 7;applying a negative potential of from about −1 volt to about −5 volts to the chitosan solution by the introduction of a cathode and anode into the chitosan solution;forming a hydrogel comprising a nitro-chitosan derivative on the cathode; andrecovering the nitro-chitosan derivative from the cathode.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water claim 1 , alcohols claim 1 , or other polar solvents and combinations thereof claim 1 , and wherein the chitosan is present in an amount from about 1% by weight to about 50% by weight of the chitosan solution.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan solution is formed with heating from about 10° C. to about 90° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan solution is formed with mixing at a rate of from about 1 revolution per minute to about 1000 revolutions per minute.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan solution is formed over a period of time from about 1 minute to about 48 hours.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising exposing the hydrogel on the cathode to a source of radiation selected from the group consisting ...

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Номер записи: 71
15-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS FROM PRODUCTION PLANTS OF EPOXY COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20150014181A1
Автор: FAITA Giuseppe, IACOPETTI Luciano, Meneghini Giovanni, Porcino Gaetano
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process of abatement of the organic content of a depleted brine coming from epoxy compound production involving a vapour stripping step and a mineralisation with hypochlorite in two steps, at distinct pH and temperature conditions. 2. The process according to wherein said depleted brine has a COD higher than 10 claim 1 ,000 mg/l of oxygen at the inlet of step a) and of 2 claim 1 ,000 to 4 claim 1 ,000 mg/l of oxygen at the outlet of step a).3. The process according to wherein said vapour stripping step takes place at pH adjusted between 3 and 4.4. The process according to wherein said depleted brine has a COD of 400 to 1 claim 1 ,500 mg/l of oxygen at the outlet of step b).5. The process according to wherein said fresh brine at the outlet of step c) has a COD not higher than 40 mg/l of oxygen.6. The process according to wherein said organic raw material is selected from the group consisting of propylene claim 1 , allyl chloride and glycerine and said epoxy compound is propylene oxide or epichlorohydrin.7. The process according to wherein said pre-oxidation step with hypochlorite is carried out by feeding chlorine and alkali.8. The process according to wherein said pre-oxidation step with hypochlorite is carried out within an electrolysis cell of the undivided type.9. The process according to wherein said final oxidation step is carried out in an electrolysis cell.10. The process according to wherein said electrolysis cell is an alkali brine electrolysis cell of the undivided type.11. The process according to wherein said final oxidation step is carried out directly within the chlor-alkali electrolysis unit fed with fresh brine claim 9 , consisting of an electrolysis cell equipped with a non-asbestos diaphragm separator comprising fluorinated polymer fibers.13. A synthesis plant of an epoxy compound comprising means for reducing organic content of depleted brine of said synthesis plant claim 9 , said reducing means comprising a chlor-alkali ...

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Номер записи: 72
15-01-2015 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for Capturing Carbon Dioxide and Producing a Fuel Using a Solvent Including a Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Material and a Secondary Fluid

Номер: US20150014182A1
Автор: Ah-Hyung Alissa Park, Camille PETIT, Kun-yi Andrew LIN, Youngjune Park
Принадлежит: Columbia University of New York

Methods and systems for capturing carbon dioxide and producing fuels such as alcohol using a solvent including a nanoparticle organic hybrid material and a secondary fluid are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: providing a solvent including a nanoparticle organic hybrid material and a secondary fluid, the material being configured to capture carbon dioxide; introducing a gas including carbon dioxide to the solvent until the material is loaded with carbon dioxide; introducing at least one of catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction and a proton source to the solvent; heating the solvent including the material loaded with carbon dioxide until carbon dioxide loaded on the material is electrochemically converted to a fuel.

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Номер записи: 73
15-01-2015 дата публикации

INTEGRATED INTENSIFIED BIOREFINERY FOR GAS-TO-LIQUID CONVERSION

Номер: US20150014183A1
Автор: Akay Galip, Al-Harrasi Wail S. S., El-Naggar Ahmed M. A., Mohamed Abdulaziz H., ZHANG Kui
Принадлежит:

A support device for carrying a selectively permeable membrane is disclosed along with apparatuses and methods of removing long chain hydrocarbons from a stream of gas. The gas cleaning apparatus uses, individually or in combination, plasma, catalyst and electrodes containing catalysts to perform the cleaning of the gas. 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus for the removal of long chain hydrocarbons from a stream of gas , the apparatus comprising:a vessel including at least one inlet and at least one outlet, allowing a stream of gas to pass therebetween;a plurality of electrodes including at least one anode and at least one cathode, contained within said vessel, such that said stream of gas passes between at least one said anode and at least one said cathode, wherein at least one said electrode comprises at least one catalyst.19. An apparatus according to wherein at least one cathode comprises at least one said catalyst.20. An apparatus according to wherein at least one anode and at least one cathode comprise at least one catalyst.21. An apparatus according to wherein said electrode including said catalyst further comprises at least one porous metal.22. An apparatus according to wherein said metal comprises nickel.23. An apparatus according to wherein said catalyst comprises a cobalt based catalyst.24. An apparatus according to wherein said catalyst is supported on silica.25. An apparatus according to further comprising at least one water supply for supplying a spray of water into said vessel.26. An apparatus according to further comprising at least one bed of solid material located at least partially between said electrodes.27. An apparatus according to wherein said bed comprises a fixed bed.28. An apparatus according to wherein said bed comprises a fluidised bed.29. An apparatus according to wherein said solid material comprises at least one tar adsorbent.30. An apparatus according to wherein said solid material comprises at least one catalyst.31. An apparatus ...

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Номер записи: 74
03-02-2022 дата публикации

CATALYST FOR SYNTHESIZING ORGANIC CARBONATE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THEREOF, ELECTRODE FOR SYNTHESIZING ORGANIC CARBONATE, CELL FOR SYNTHESIZING ORGANIC CARBONATE, METHOD OF PRODUCING ORGANIC CARBONATE, AND SYNTHESIS SYSTEM

Номер: US20220033979A1
Автор: FUJINUMA Naohiro
Принадлежит: Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.

An organic carbonate synthesis catalyst for electrochemically synthesizing an organic carbonate from carbon monoxide, comprises: an active particle containing a metal element; and a porous carbon supporting the active particle. 1. An organic carbonate synthesis catalyst for electrochemically synthesizing an organic carbonate from carbon monoxide , comprising: an active particle containing a metal element; and a porous carbon supporting the active particle.2. The organic carbonate synthesis catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal element includes at least one selected from the group consisting of group 8 to group 11 elements.3. The organic carbonate synthesis catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising a component derived from a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound.4. The organic carbonate synthesis catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein the nitrogen-containing aromatic compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of a pyridine derivative claim 3 , an imidazole derivative claim 3 , and a pyrazole derivative.5. The organic carbonate synthesis catalyst according to claim 1 , obtained by mixing a metal precursor and a porous carbon and heat-treating the mixture at 150° C. or more and 800° C. or less.6. The organic carbonate synthesis catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal element includes at least two selected from the group consisting of group 8 to group 11 elements.7. An electrode for synthesizing an organic carbonate claim 1 , comprising the organic carbonate synthesis catalyst according to .8. A cell for synthesizing an organic carbonate claim 7 , comprising the electrode for synthesizing an organic carbonate according to .9. The cell for synthesizing an organic carbonate according to claim 8 , comprising an electrolyte solution containing a redox species.10. The cell for synthesizing an organic carbonate according to claim 8 , further comprising: an anode compartment having the electrode for synthesizing an organic ...

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Номер записи: 75
19-01-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR THE ELECTROLYSIS OF LIQUID WATER OR WATER VAPOR, MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND USES

Номер: US20170016124A1
Автор: Sala Béatrice
Принадлежит:

An electrochemical cell for the electrolysis of liquid water or water vapor includes a proton-conducting electrolyte () made of aluminosilicate, sandwiched between a porous metal anode () and a porous electronic conducting cathode (). Preferably, the porous metal anode () is a sintered stainless alloy at least 18% chromium. Also, a method of manufacturing such a cell includes at least:—manufacturing the proton-conducting aluminosilicate electrolyte () and deposition of said electrolyte () on the porous metal anode () by hydrothermal method, and—depositing the electronic conducting porous cathode () on the electrolyte () to form the electrochemical cell (). The electrochemical cell can be used for, amongst other compounds, the reduction of oxidized compounds, such as the oxidized compounds constituted, for example, by carbon dioxide. 1. An electrochemical cell for the electrolysis of liquid water or water vapor , comprising:a porous metal anode,{'b': '1', 'an electronic conducting porous cathode, and p a proton conducting inorganic electrolyte made of aluminosilicate, sandwiched between the porous metal anode and the electronic conducting porous cathode.'}2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the porous metal anode is a sintered stainless alloy comprising at least 18% chromium.3. The electrochemical cell according to claim 2 , wherein the sintered stainless alloy comprises nickel and/or cobalt and/or iron.4. The electrochemical cell according to claim 2 , comprising a diffusion layer of metal elements constituting the porous metal anode in the aluminosilicate electrolyte resulting from complexing of oxycarbonated compounds.5. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the porous electronically conducting cathode is based on at least one of transition metals and metals selected from the group consisting of Groups IVB claim 1 , VB claim 1 , VIB claim 1 , VIIB claim 1 , VIIIB claim 1 , VIIIB claim 1 , IB claim 1 , and IIB claim 1 , and ...

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Номер записи: 76
19-01-2017 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSFORMATION FACILITATED BY EARTH ABUNDANT METALS

Номер: US20170016126A1
Автор: Barry Brian, Dickie Diane A., Donovan Elizabeth S., KEMP Richard
Принадлежит:

Novel complexes of various earth-abundant, inexpensive transition or main group metals that facilitate the transformation of carbon dioxide into other more useful organic products. These complexes can bind and alter the COat mild conditions of temperature and pressure, enabling, according to some embodiments, the electrochemical conversion of COinto new products. 1. A method for the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) comprising:providing a complex comprising a ligand and a metal;{'sub': 2', '2, 'exposing the COto the complex under suitable conditions such that an adduct is formed between the COand the complex; and'}{'sub': '2', 'providing electrochemical energy and trace protons to the adduct to reduce CO.'}2. The method of wherein the adduct comprises non-linear CO.3. The method of wherein the ligand provides a Lewis base site to bind the electrophilic carbon center of COand the metal binds one of the nucleophilic oxygen atoms of the CO.4. The method of wherein the complex consists of a ligand and a metal.5. The method of wherein the adduct consists of the complex and CO.6. The method of wherein the ligand has the chemical structure —N(PR) claim 1 , where R is an alkyl or aryl group.7. The method of wherein the metal is a main group metal or an inexpensive transition metal.8. The method of wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn claim 4 , Zn claim 4 , Ti claim 4 , Zr claim 4 , Cr claim 4 , Mo claim 4 , Mn claim 4 , Fe claim 4 , Co claim 4 , and Sb.9. The method of wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Zn diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine (PhPpy) and Zn bis(2-pyridyl)phenylphosphine (PhPpy).10. An adduct comprising a complex formed from a ligand and a metal and a non-linear COmolecule.11. The adduct of wherein the adduct consists of a ligand claim 10 , a metal claim 10 , and the non-linear COmolecule.12. The adduct of wherein the ligand in the complex provides a Lewis base site to bind the electrophilic carbon ...

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Номер записи: 77
15-01-2015 дата публикации

WC/CNT, WC/CNT/Pt Composite Material and Preparation Process Therefor and Use Thereof

Номер: US20150018199A1
Автор: Chen Zhao-Yang, Chu You-Qun, Lin Wen-Feng, Ma Chun-An
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are WC/CNT, WC/CNT/Pt composite material and preparation process therefor and use thereof. The WC/CNT/Pt composite material comprises mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide with diameter of 1-5 microns, carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles, with the carbon nanotubes growing on the surface of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and expanding outward, and the platinum nanoparticles growing on the surfaces of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and carbon nanotubes. The WC/CNT composite material comprises mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide with diameter of 1-5 microns, and carbon nanotubes growing on the surface of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and expanding outward. The WC/CNT/Pt composite material can be used as an electro-catalyst in a methanol flue battery, significantly improving the catalytic conversion rate and the service life of the catalyst. The WC/CNT composite material can be used as an electro-catalyst in the electro-reduction of a nitro aromatic compound, significantly improving the efficiency of organic electro-synthesis. 1. A tungsten carbide/carbon nanotube/platinum composite material , wherein the tungsten carbide/carbon nanotube/platinum composite material comprises mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide of 1-5 microns in diameter , carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles , wherein the carbon nanotubes grow on the surface of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and extend outwardly therefrom , and the platinum nanoparticles grow on the surfaces of the mesoporous spherical tungsten carbide and the carbon nanotubes.2. A method for preparing the tungsten carbide/carbon nanotube/platinum composite material of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the following steps:(1) pelletizing a solution of a mixture of ammonium metatungstate and ferric nitrate by spray drying; carbonizing the resulting particles by temperature programmed gas-solid reaction process directly or after calcination to obtain a tungsten ...

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Номер записи: 78
21-01-2016 дата публикации

Method and System for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Employing a Gas Diffusion Electrode

Номер: US20160017503A1
Автор: Kaczur Jerry J., Lakkaraju Prasad, Teamey Kyle
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure is a method and system for the reduction of carbon dioxide. The method may include receiving hydrogen gas at an anolyte region of an electrochemical cell including an anode, the anode including a gas diffusion electrode, receiving an anolyte feed at an anolyte region of the electrochemical cell, and receiving a catholyte feed including carbon dioxide and an alkali metal bicarbonate at a catholyte region of the electrochemical cell including a cathode. The method may include applying an electrical potential between the anode and cathode sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to at least one reduction product.

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Номер записи: 79
21-01-2016 дата публикации

POLYMER STABILIZING LIQUID CRYSTAL LENS, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, DISPLAY DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCT

Номер: US20160018680A1
Автор: Wang Xinxing, YAO Jikai, YOU Jaegeon
Принадлежит: BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd.

The present disclosure disclose a polymer stabilizing liquid crystal lens and a method for manufacturing the same, a display device and an electronic product. The polymer stabilizing liquid crystal lens includes a first substrate with a first electrode, a liquid crystal layer and a second substrate with a second electrode. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a plurality of electrode units. A periodic electric field which has voltages varying periodically is generated between the plurality of electrode units and the second electrode. The liquid crystal layer includes polymers and liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecules are deflected under action of the periodic electric field before the polymers are stabilized, and are maintained at a deflecting angle after the polymers are stabilized.

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Номер записи: 80
17-01-2019 дата публикации

SUBNANOMETER CATALYTIC CLUSTERS FOR WATER SPLITTING, METHOD FOR SPLITTING WATER USING SUBNANOMETER CATALYST CLUSTERS

Номер: US20190017182A1
Автор: Curtiss Larry A., Pellin Michael J., Vajda Stefan
Принадлежит: UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC

The invention provides a catalytic electrode for converting molecules, the electrode comprising a predetermined number of single catalytic sites supported on a substrate. Also provided is a method for oxidizing water comprising contacting the water with size selected catalyst clusters. The invention also provides a method for reducing an oxidized moiety, the method comprising contacting the moiety with size selected catalyst clusters at a predetermined voltage potential. 1. A method for splitting water comprising:a) contacting the water with a catalytic electrode of an electrocatalytic cell, wherein the electrocatalytic cell comprises the catalytic electrode, an alkaline electrolyte with a pH greater than 10, and a reference hydrogen electrode, wherein the two electrodes and electrolyte are all in fluid communication; andb) applying a voltage to the electrodes.2. The method of wherein the catalytic electrode comprises cluster spots supported on a substrate claim 1 , each cluster spot comprising a plurality of palladium clusters claim 1 , wherein each of the clusters have a size of between 3 and 20 atoms and remain physically isolated from each other claim 1 , wherein each cluster spot is between 4 and 5 mm in diameter wherein the size of all the plurality of palladium clusters is selected from the group consisting of 4 plus or minus 1 claim 1 , 6 plus or minus 2 claim 1 , and 17 plus or minus 3 atoms of palladium per cluster.3. The method as recited in wherein the substrate is an electrically conductive material selected from the group consisting of (ultra)nanocrystalline diamond claim 2 , graphite claim 2 , graphene claim 2 , carbon nanotubes claim 2 , alumina claim 2 , iron oxide claim 2 , copper oxide claim 2 , titania claim 2 , magnesium oxide claim 2 , zinc oxide claim 2 , zirconium oxide claim 2 , hafnium oxide claim 2 , tungsten oxide claim 2 , copper claim 2 , silver claim 2 , aluminum claim 2 , tantalum claim 2 , tungsten claim 2 , and combinations thereof. ...

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Номер записи: 81
17-01-2019 дата публикации

System and Method for the Co-Production of Oxalic Acid and Acetic Acid

Номер: US20190017183A1
Автор: Cole Emily Barton, Krasovic Julia L., Miryala Balaraju, More Santosh R., Parajuli Rishi, Tanielyan Setrak
Принадлежит:

A system and method for reducing carbon dioxide in an electrochemical cell comprising a first cell compartment, a second cell compartment, and a membrane positioned between the first cell compartment and the second cell compartment is disclosed. The method may include introducing a feed containing a carbon dioxide gas and a feed of catholyte at a cathode positioned in the first cell compartment, in which the cathode contains a gas diffusion electrode comprising a carbon cloth or graphitized carbon weave and wherein the carbon dioxide gas is directed through carbon fibers of the carbon cloth or graphitized carbon weave. The method may further include introducing a feed of anolyte at an anode positioned in the second cell compartment and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode of the electrochemical cell to thereby reduce the carbon dioxide to a reduction product. 1. A gas diffusion electrode , including:a current collector;a fluorinated binder;a carbon support including a carbon cloth or graphitized carbon weave; anda catalyst;wherein the carbon support is connected to the current collector, fluorinated binder and catalyst and wherein the gas diffusion electrode further includes an inlet for receiving a gas and directing the gas through the carbon cloth or graphitized carbon weave.2. The gas diffusion electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a catalyst layer including a metallic catalyst supported on carbon.3. The gas diffusion electrode of claim 2 , wherein the metallic catalyst is chosen from the group consisting of In claim 2 , Sn claim 2 , Cu claim 2 , Mn claim 2 , Ni and Co.4. The gas diffusion electrode of claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated binder comprises a hydrophobic fluorinated binder layer formed of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) claim 1 , Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or Paraformaldehyde (PFA).5. The gas diffusion electrode of claim 1 , wherein the carbon cloth or graphitized carbon weave allows flow of the ...

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Номер записи: 82
21-01-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL, HALOGENATION, AND OXYHALOGENATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20210017656A1
Автор: Albrecht Thomas A, Gilliam Ryan J, Self Kyle, Weiss Michael Joseph
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to electrochemically oxidizing metal halide with a metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state; halogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon with the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state; and oxyhalogenating the metal halide with the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant. In some embodiments, the oxyhalogenation is in series with the electrochemical oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation is in series with the oxyhalogenation, the oxyhalogenation is parallel to the electrochemical oxidation, and/or the oxyhalogenation is simultaneous with the halogenation. 125-. (canceled)26. A method , comprising:(i) contacting an anode with an anode electrolyte wherein the anode electrolyte comprises metal halide and saltwater; contacting a cathode with a cathode electrolyte; applying a voltage to the anode and the cathode and oxidizing the metal halide with metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state at the anode;(ii) halogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon with the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in the saltwater to result in one or more organic compounds or enantiomers thereof and the metal halide with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state; and(iii) oxyhalogenating the metal halide with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state to the higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant and the saltwater;wherein the step (iii) is parallel to the step (i).27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the method comprises delivering both the anode electrolyte of the step (i) comprising the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state as well as saltwater of the oxyhalogenating step (iii) comprising the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state to the halogenating step (ii).28. The method of claim 27 ...

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Номер записи: 83
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC DECARBOXYLATION OF SUGARS

Номер: US20160024668A1
Автор: Genders J. David, STAPLEY Jonathan A.
Принадлежит:

Methods for decarboxylating carbohydrate acids in a divided electrochemical cell are disclosed using a cation membrane. The improved methods are more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly than conventional methods. 1. A method of decarboxylating a carbohydrate acid in an electrochemical cell , comprising:providing an electrochemical cell having two compartments divided by a cation membrane for monovalent cation transfer between the two compartments, the first compartment containing catholyte and a cathode, and the second compartment containing carbohydrate acid, anolyte, and an anode;providing an electrical current to the cell thereby producing an aldehydic carbohydrate in the anolyte and monovalent cation hydroxide;wherein the ratio of monovalent cation to carbohydrate acid maintains neutralization of the available carbohydrate acid for decarboxylation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cation membrane is permeable to hydroxide ions to at least partially maintain the ratio of monovalent cation to carbohydrate acid.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the current efficiency for monovalent cation transfer across the cation membrane is less than 90% claim 2 , preferably less than 80% claim 2 , and more preferably less than 75%.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of monovalent cation to carbohydrate acid is at least partially maintained by adding cation hydroxide selected from the group consisting of: sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , lithium hydroxide claim 1 , and ammonium hydroxide.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the monovalent cation hydroxide added to the anolyte is produced in the catholyte of the divided cell during the decarboxylation of a carbohydrate acid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of monovalent cation to carbohydrate acid is at least partially maintained by concurrently circulating the carbohydrate acid solution through two sets of electrolytic cells claim 1 , where one set of cells is a divided ...

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Номер записи: 84
28-01-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROLYZER REACTOR AND RELATED METHODS

Номер: US20160024669A1
Автор: JACKSON James E., Lam Chun Ho, Miller Dennis J., Saffron Christopher M.
Принадлежит:

The disclosure relates to an electrolyzer reactor suitable for the reduction of organic compounds. The reactor includes a membrane electrode assembly with freestanding metallic meshes which serve both as metallic electrode structures for electron transport as well as catalytic surfaces for electron generation and organic compound reduction. Suitable organic compounds for reduction include oxygenated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, in particular those characteristic of bio-oil (e.g., alone or a multicomponent mixtures). The reactor and related methods provide a resource- and energy-efficient approach to organic compound reduction, in particular for bio-oil mixtures which can be conveniently upgraded at or near their point of production with minimal or no transportation. 1. An electrolyzer reactor comprising: (i) a proton exchange membrane (PEM) having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface,', '(ii) a freestanding first metallic mesh in physical contact with the first PEM surface and having electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation and hydrogen ion formation, and', '(iii) a freestanding second metallic mesh in physical contact with the second PEM surface and having electrocatalytic activity for reduction of one or more organic compounds,', 'wherein the first metallic mesh and the second metallic mesh are in electrical contact with each other and optionally with a voltage source for driving electrons therebetween;, '(a) a membrane electrode assembly comprising(b) a first reaction volume in fluid communication with (i) the first metallic mesh and (ii) the first PEM surface; and(c) a second reaction volume in fluid communication with (i) the second metallic mesh and (ii) the second PEM surface.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the first metallic mesh and the second metallic mesh are free from additional catalytic materials thereon.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first metallic mesh and the second metallic ...

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Номер записи: 85
26-01-2017 дата публикации

Electrochemical Devices Comprising Novel Catalyst Mixtures

Номер: US20170022618A1
Автор: Liu Zengcai, Masel Richard I., Rosen Brian
Принадлежит:

Electrochemical devices comprising electrocatalyst mixtures include at least one Catalytically Active Element and, as a separate constituent, one Helper Catalyst. The electrocatalysts can be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These electrocatalysts are useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO. Chemical processes employing these catalysts produce CO, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, (COOH), or (COO). Devices using the electrocatalysts include, for example, a COsensor and a COelectrolyzer. 1. An electrochemical device comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'an anode and a cathode, the cathode comprising at least one Catalytically Active Element, the cathode contacting a Positively Charged Cyclic Amine and carbon dioxide (CO), wherein, when electrical energy is applied to create a cell voltage between the anode and the cathode, the electrochemical device is capable of converting at least a portion of the COto a predominantly carbonaceous product when the cell voltage is equal to 2.8 V, the conversion effectuated non-photoelectrochemically.'}2. The electrochemical device of wherein said Positively Charged Cyclic Amine comprises a five-member or a six-member aromatic ring claim 1 , wherein all ring nitrogen atoms are attached only to non-hydrogen atoms.3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the predominant carbonaceous product consists of one of CO claim 1 , HCO claim 1 , HCO claim 1 , (HCO) claim 1 , HCO claim 1 , CH claim 1 , CH claim 1 , CHCHOH claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , CHCOO claim 1 , CHCOOH claim 1 , CH claim 1 , (COOH)and (COO).4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the predominant carbonaceous product consists of one of carbon monoxide (CO) claim 1 , formic acid (HCO claim 1 ,) or formate ions ((HCO)).5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the predominant carbonaceous product is one ...

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Номер записи: 86
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Reduction Method And Electrolysis System For Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Utilization

Номер: US20180023198A1
Автор: Graetzel Michael, Reller Christian, Schmid Guenter, Schreier Marcel
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

The present disclosure relates to electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide. The teachings may be embodied in methods and electrolysis systems in which carbon dioxide is introduced into an electrolysis cell and reduced at a cathode. For example, a reduction method for carbon dioxide utilization by means of an electrolysis system may include: delivering carbon dioxide into a chamber containing a cathode; introducing a first material in the cathode chamber, enabling catalysis of a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide to a hydrocarbon compound or to carbon monoxide; and introducing a second material together with the electrolyte or a reactant/electrolyte mixture into the cathode chamber or metered separately into the cathode chamber. The second material enables cocatalysis of the reduction reaction by promoting charge transfer from the cathode to the first material. The first and second materials react with one another in situ as precursor and form hydrido-metal complexes or metal-carbonyl hydrides within the cathode chamber. 1. A reduction method for carbon dioxide utilization by means of an electrolysis system , the method comprising:delivering carbon dioxide into a cathode chamber containing a cathode;introducing a first material in the cathode chamber, the first material enabling catalysis of a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide to a hydrocarbon compound or to carbon monoxide; andintroducing a second material, different from the first material, together with the electrolyte or a reactant/electrolyte mixture, into the cathode chamber or metered separately into the cathode chamber, said second material enabling cocatalysis of the reduction reaction by promoting charge transfer from the cathode to the first material;wherein the first and second materials react with one another in situ as precursor and form hydrido-metal complexes or metal-carbonyl hydrides within the cathode chamber.2. The reduction method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second material ...

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Номер записи: 87
25-01-2018 дата публикации

Electrolysis System for Carbon Dioxide

Номер: US20180023202A1
Автор: Krause Ralf, Reller Christian, Schmid Guenter, VOLKOVA Elena
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

The present disclosure relates to electrolysis systems and methods. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and systems for the utilization of carbon dioxide and production of carbon monoxide. For example, a method may include: passing an electrolyte and carbon dioxide in front of a cathode through a cathode chamber; and removing electrolysis byproducts from an electrolyte/electrolysis product mixture using a catalytic filter system. The cathode may include material to reduce carbon dioxide. The process may generate a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide as the electrolysis product and a formate as an electrolysis byproduct. The filter system may include a functionalized complex or a functionalized support material which catalyzes a cleavage reaction of formates (a) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or (b) to water and carbon monoxide. 1. A method for carbon dioxide utilization by means of an electrolysis system , the method comprising:passing an electrolyte and carbon dioxide in front of a cathode through a cathode chamber;wherein the cathode comprises an electrode and/or catalyst material with which carbon dioxide is reduced;wherein a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide is generated as electrolysis product and a formate is generated as electrolysis byproduct; andremoving electrolysis byproducts from an electrolyte/electrolysis product mixture using a catalytic filter system comprising a functionalized complex or a functionalized support material which catalyzes a cleavage reaction of formates (a) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or (b) to water and carbon monoxide.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:guiding the electrolyte in a closed circuit; andthermally regenerating the filter system.3. An electrolysis system for carbon dioxide utilization comprising:an electrolysis cell having an anode in an anode chamber, a cathode in a cathode chamber, and a filter unit;the cathode chamber takes up an electrolysis reactant comprising carbon ...

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Номер записи: 88
24-01-2019 дата публикации

Process for Producing Oxalic Acid

Номер: US20190023639A1
Автор: Kaczur Jerry J., Lakkaraju Prasad P., Parajuli Rishi R.
Принадлежит:

A process for producing oxalic acid containing or having the following steps: i) Utilizing a chemical reaction to produce an alkali metal formate and/or alkaline earth metal formate; ii) Converting the alkali metal formate and/or alkaline earth metal formate to an alkali metal oxalate and/or alkaline earth metal oxalate in a thermal reaction, preferably utilizing hydrogen in the process; iii) Converting the alkali metal oxalate and/or alkaline earth metal oxalate to oxalic acid and an alkali metal base and/or alkaline earth metal base utilizing an electrochemical process; and iv) Recycling the alkali metal base and/or alkaline earth metal base from step (iii) to step (i). 1. A method for producing oxalic acid , comprising the following steps:i) Utilizing a chemical reaction to produce an alkali metal formate and/or alkaline earth metal formate;ii) Converting the alkali metal formate and/or alkaline earth metal formate to an alkali metal oxalate and/or alkaline earth metal oxalate in a thermal reaction, preferably utilizing hydrogen in the process;iii) Converting the alkali metal oxalate and/or alkaline earth metal oxalate to oxalic acid and an alkali metal base and/or alkaline earth metal base utilizing an electrochemical process; andiv) Recycling the alkali metal base and/or alkaline earth metal base from step (iii) to step (i).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (i) comprises utilizing a chemical reaction to convert carbon claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , methane claim 1 , hydrogen or a combination of any of these to thereby produce an alkali metal formate and/or alkaline earth metal formate.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal base and/or alkaline earth metal base in step (iv) is recycled from step (iii) into step (i) in addition to hydrogen claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , or chlorine.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (i) further includes the use of an electrochemical cell for the ...

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Номер записи: 89
10-02-2022 дата публикации

ELECTRODE CATALYST AND METHD FOR PRODUCING AMINE COMPOUND

Номер: US20220042188A1
Автор: AKAI Sho, Fukushima Takashi, YAMAUCHI Miho
Принадлежит:

An electrode catalyst in which a metal or a metal oxide is supported on an electrode support composed of a conductive substance is provided. It is preferable that the electrode support contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a carbon material and the metal or the metal oxide contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a metal oxide. 1. An electrode catalyst , in which a metal or a metal oxide is supported on an electrode support composed of a conductive substance.2. The electrode catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode support comprises one or more metals selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 claim 1 , or a carbon-based material claim 1 , andthe metal or the metal oxide comprises one or more kinds of a metal or a metal oxide, wherein the metal is selected from a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14.3. The electrode catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the metal comprised in the electrode support is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of a transition metal in Groups 4 to 11 and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 claim 2 , andthe metal or the metal oxide supported on the electrode support is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of a transition metal in Groups 4 to 11 and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or metal oxides.4. The electrode catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is supported on the electrode support claim 1 , andthe metal oxide is an oxide of a metal having the same element as the metal comprised in the electrode support.5. The electrode catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein fine particles of a metal oxide wherein the metal is titanium or a metal comprising titanium are further supported on the metal oxide supported on the ...

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Номер записи: 90
24-01-2019 дата публикации

PARTICLE INCLUDING ATOMIC-SCALE CHANNEL, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND CATALYST INCLUDING THE SAME

Номер: US20190023992A1
Автор: Jeong Hyung Mo, KANG Jeung Ku, KIM Beom-Sik, Kwon Youngkook
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a particle including at least one atomic-scale channel formed on a surface of the particle or on a surface and inside of the particle; a catalyst including the particle, particularly a catalyst for efficient and selective electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into high value-added C fuel; and a method of preparing the particle. 1. A particle , comprising at least one atomic-scale channel ,the at least one atomic-scale channel being formed on a surface of the particle, or on a surface and inside of the particle.2. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein a width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is less than 1 nm.3. The particle of claim 1 ,wherein an inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle includes a reduced metal.4. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein a surface between the channels comprised in the particle includes the reduced metal.5. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is 7 Å or less.6. The particle of claim 2 ,wherein the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is from 5 Å to 6 Å.7. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the at least one atomic-scale channel comprised in the particle is formed by a process including electrochemical lithiation of a metal compound-containing particle, followed by delithiation, andwherein the inner surface of the at least one atomic-scale channel includes the reduced metal formed by reduction of the metal compound during the lithiation.8. The particle of claim 7 ,wherein a dimension of the width of the at least one atomic-scale channel is controlled by a cut-off voltage of the electrochemical lithiation of the metal compound-containing particle.9. The particle of claim 3 ,wherein the reduced metal includes one or at least two metals selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Au, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ir, Mo, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Sn, Ti, V, W, Zn, Sc, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Mn, Fe, Tc, and Re.10. The ...

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Номер записи: 91
24-04-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGENATION AND HYDRODEOXYGENATION OF OXYGENATED AND UNSATURATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20140110268A1
Автор: JACKSON James E., Lam Chun Ho, Miller Dennis J., Saffron Christopher M.
Принадлежит: BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

A process and related electrode composition are disclosed for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation of organic substrates such as biomass-derived bio-oil components by the production of hydrogen atoms on a catalyst surface followed by the reaction of the hydrogen atoms with the organic reactants. Biomass fast pyrolysis-derived bio-oil is a liquid mixture containing hundreds of organic compounds with chemical functionalities that are corrosive to container materials and are prone to polymerization. A high surface area skeletal metal catalyst material such as Raney Nickel can be used as the cathode. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation convert the organic substrates under mild conditions to reduce coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The process converts oxygen-containing functionalities and unsaturated bonds into chemically reduced forms with an increased hydrogen content. The process is operated at mild conditions, which enables it to be a good means for stabilizing bio-oil to a form that can be stored and transported using metal containers and pipes. 1. A process for performing at least one of electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) and electrocatalytic hydrodeoxygenation (ECHDO) of an organic substrate , the process comprising:(a) providing a reaction mixture comprising an organic reactant comprising one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of carbonyl carbon-oxygen double bonds, aromatic double bonds, ethylenic carbon-carbon double bonds, acetylenic carbon-carbon triple bonds, hydroxyl carbon-oxygen single bonds, ether carbon-oxygen single bonds, and combinations thereof;(b) contacting the reaction mixture with a first electrode and a catalytic composition comprising a skeletal metal catalyst capable of catalyzing at least one of electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) and electrocatalytic hydrodeoxygenation (ECHDO);(c) electrically contacting the reaction mixture with a second electrode; and(d) ...

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Номер записи: 92
24-01-2019 дата публикации

COMPOSITE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRODES AND METHODS OF FABRICATION

Номер: US20190027759A1
Автор: ANTIOHOS Dennis, BEIRNE Stephen Thomas, CHEN Jun, Kloos Steven DuWayne, NATTESTAD Andrew, ROMANO Mark S., Swiegers Gerhard Frederick, THOMPSON Fletcher William, WANG Caiyun, ZHENG Wen
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are gas permeable 3D electrodes, preferably that have practical utility in, particularly, electro-energy and electro-synthetic applications. Gas permeable materials, such as non-conductive porous polymer membranes, are attached to one or more porous conductive materials. In another aspect there is provided a method for the fabrication of gas permeable 3D electrodes, for example gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). The 3D electrodes can be utilised in electrochemical cells or devices. 1. A method of fabricating a gas permeable 3D electrode , comprising the steps of:selecting a gas permeable material layer that is non-conductive; andattaching a porous conductive material layer to a first side of the gas permeable material layer using a binder material;wherein the binder material penetrates the porous conductive material layer.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising laminating the porous conductive material layer to the gas permeable material layer together.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the laminating comprises compressing the porous conductive material layer and the gas permeable material layer together under pressure and heat.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying the binder material onto a surface of the gas permeable material layer or the porous conductive material layer claim 1 , placing the porous conductive material layer over the binder material coating claim 1 , and compressing the gas permeable material layer and the porous conductive material layer together.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the applying the binder material comprises screen printing the binder material onto the gas permeable material layer or the porous conductive material layer.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the applying the binder material comprises painting the binder material onto the gas permeable material layer or the porous conductive material layer.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the applying the binder material comprises spraying the binder ...

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Номер записи: 93
02-02-2017 дата публикации

AIR QUALITY BY ELIMINATING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THROUGH A PROCESS OF CONVERSION OF FLUE GASES INTO LIQUID OR SEMI-SOLID CHEMICALS

Номер: US20170028343A1
Автор: Ahearn John
Принадлежит: Emission Control Associates

Apparatus for removing Greenhouse Gases from combustion of fossil and non-fossil fuels, including hydrocarbons and biomass fuels, is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a vessel containing a liquid medium; a circulation system with a pump; a plurality of positively charged metal plates, each with a plurality of apertures; a negatively charged discharge pipe connected to the circulation pipe; a refrigeration system on the outside of the vessel; and a power source. The apparatus uses the process of electrolysis and electrostatic induction to form covalent bonding among various constituents of Greenhouse Gases and thereby converts and condenses all or most of Greenhouse Gases in the emission. The apparatus has a working prototype. The apparatus can be used in converting and condensing all or some Greenhouse Gases from emissions of power plants and all types of industrial plants which generate Greenhouse Gases as emissions, as well as from various sources of vehicular emissions. 1. Apparatus or system for processing and removing Greenhouse Gases from flue gases generated by combustion of fossil and non-fossil fuels , the apparatus comprising , among others:(i) a vessel containing a liquid medium and having a circulation inlet and a circulation outlet;(ii) a circulation pump connected to the circulation inlet and the circulation outlet and configured to circulate the liquid medium contained in the vessel;(iii) a plurality of positively charged metal plates arranged in various configurations, each plate in the plurality including a plurality of apertures formed in the plate that connect opposite sides of the plate;(iv) a circulation pipe connected to the circulation inlet and spanning the plurality of plates;(v) a negatively charged discharge pipe connected to the circulation pipe and located on a side opposite the circulation outlet;(vi) a power source having positive and negative connections;(vii) wherein metal plates in the plurality are connected to the positive ...

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Номер записи: 94
23-01-2020 дата публикации

Photovoltaic battery

Номер: US20200028012A1
Автор: Jason Rugolo, William Regan
Принадлежит: X Development LLC

A photovoltaic power system includes a photofuel having a molecular structure to emit light, and a receptacle including the photofuel disposed within. One or more photovoltaic cells are positioned within the receptacle to receive light emitted from the photofuel, and a negative electrode is coupled to the one or more photovoltaic cells. A positive electrode is coupled to the one or more photovoltaic cells to produce an electrical potential between the negative electrode and the positive electrode when a photocurrent is generated by the one or more photovoltaic cells in response to the one or more photovoltaic cells receiving the light emitted from the photofuel.

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Номер записи: 95
04-02-2016 дата публикации

Electrodes/electrolyte assembly, reactor and method for direct amination of hydrocarbons

Номер: US20160032469A1
Автор: Adélio Miguel MAGALHÃES MENDES, Alejandro FRANÇA GOMES RIBEIRO, Ana Sofia PIMENTEL FÉLIX, Margarida Dias Catarino, Mário Jorge DE OLIVEIRA PINHO
Принадлежит: Cuf - Quimicos Industriais Sa

An electrodes/electrolyte assembly—MEA, electrochemical membrane reactor—is described and a method for the direct amination of hydrocarbons, namely for the direct amination of benzene to aniline, and a method for the preparation of said electrodes/electrolyte assembly. The presented Solution allows the increase of conversion of said amination to above 60%, even at low temperatures, i.e., between 200° C. and 450° C.; preferably between 300° C. and 400° C. The electrodes/electrolyte assembly for direct amination of hydrocarbons comprises: an anode ( 1 ), electrons and protons conductor, that includes a composite porous matrix, comprised by a ceramic fraction and a catalyst for said amination at temperatures lower than 450° C.; a porous cathode ( 3 ), electrons and protons conductor, and electrocatalyst; an electrolyte ( 2 ), protons or ions conductor and electrically insulating, located between the anode ( 1 ) and the cathode ( 3 ), made of a composite ceramic impermeable to reagents and products of said amination.

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Номер записи: 96
04-02-2016 дата публикации

AMALGAM ELECTRODE, PRODUCING METHOD THEREOF, AND METHOD OF ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE USING THE SAME

Номер: US20160032470A1
Автор: Kim Gwang Gyu, Kim Suk Kyu, Kwon Ki Nam, Oh Sae Young, Shin Woonsup, Yu Chan Hyo
Принадлежит:

The embodiments described herein pertain generally to an amalgam electrode, and a producing method of the amalgam electrode, and an electrochemical reduction method of carbon dioxide using the amalgam electrode. 1. An amalgam electrode comprising a member selected from the group consisting of Hg , Ag , Sn , Cu , Zn and combinations thereof.2. The amalgam electrode of claim 1 ,wherein the amalgam electrode includes Hg of from 35 wt % to 55 wt %, Ag of from 14 wt % to 34 wt %, Sn of from 7 wt % to 17 wt %, and Cu of from 4 wt % to 24 wt %.3. The amalgam electrode of claim 1 ,wherein the amalgam electrode is a rod or planar shape.4. The amalgam electrode of claim 1 ,wherein the amalgam electrode further comprises a copper or tin electrode on one side thereof.5. A producing method of an amalgam electrode claim 1 , comprising:forming an electrode by using amalgam including a member selected from the group consisting of Hg, Ag, Sn, Cu, Zn and combinations thereof.6. The producing method of an amalgam electrode of claim 5 , further comprising:forming a copper or tin electrode on one side of the amalgam electrode.7. An electrochemical reduction method of carbon dioxide claim 1 , by using the amalgam electrode of .8. The electrochemical reduction method of carbon dioxide of claim 7 ,supplying a solution containing carbon dioxide into a reduction electrode unit in an electrochemical reactor; andapplying current to a working electrode including the amalgam electrode and a counter electrode to reduce carbon dioxide.9. The electrochemical reduction method of carbon dioxide of claim 8 ,{'sub': 3', '3', '2', '4, 'wherein the solution includes a member selected from the group consisting of KHCO, NaHCO, KSO, NaCl, KCl and combinations thereof.'}10. The electrochemical reduction method of claim 8 ,{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the current ranges from 2 mA/cmto 50 mA/cm.'} The embodiments described herein pertain generally to an amalgam electrode, and in particular, an electrode including ...

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Номер записи: 97
01-02-2018 дата публикации

CARBON DIOXIDE-REDUCTION DEVICE

Номер: US20180030604A1
Автор: Imanaka Yoshihiko, MANABE Toshio
Принадлежит: FUJITSU LIMITED

A carbon dioxide-reduction device including an anode, a liquid-retaining film capable of retaining an electrolytic solution, a proton-permeable membrane, and a cathode, wherein the cathode includes a metal-containing member and an adsorbent, where the metal-containing member includes a metal capable of reducing carbon dioxide and has pores through which carbon dioxide can pass in a thickness direction of the metal-containing member, and the adsorbent is capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide, and is disposed at a surface of the metal-containing member at a side of which the proton-permeable membrane is present. 1. A carbon dioxide-reduction device comprising:an anode;a liquid-retaining film capable of retaining an electrolytic solution;a proton-permeable membrane; anda cathode,wherein the cathode includes a metal-containing member and an adsorbent,where the metal-containing member includes a metal capable of reducing carbon dioxide and has pores through which carbon dioxide can pass in a thickness direction of the metal-containing member, andthe adsorbent is capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide, and is disposed at a surface of the metal-containing member at a side of which the proton-permeable membrane is present.2. The carbon dioxide-reduction device according to claim 1 ,wherein the metal includes copper, silver, gold, zinc, or indium.3. The carbon dioxide-reduction device according to claim 1 ,wherein the adsorbent includes activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica, or a porous metal complex.4. The carbon dioxide-reduction device according to claim 1 ,wherein the adsorbent is a porous metal complex.5. The carbon dioxide-reduction device according to claim 1 ,wherein the adsorbent includes metal particles at surfaces of grains of the adsorbent.6. The carbon dioxide-reduction device according to claim 5 ,wherein the metal particles are copper, silver, gold, zinc, or indium.7. The carbon dioxide-reduction device according to claim 1 ,wherein the anode has ...

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Номер записи: 98
17-02-2022 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL MONO-HYDROXYLATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20220049366A1
Автор: Khenkin Alexander, Neumann Ronny, SOMEKH Miriam
Принадлежит: Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd.

This invention relates to electrocatalytic processes for the formation of formate esters using at least one catalyst or pre-catalyst; wherein the formate ester can be further hydrolyzed. 1. A process for the preparation of formate ester:{'br': None, 'sub': '2', '#text': 'R—H+HCOOH→R—OOCH+H'}wherein the process is an electrocatalytic reaction performed in the presence of at least one catalyst and a formate salt electrolyte, wherein said at least one catalyst is cobalt tungstate, manganese tungstate, cobalt or manganese carboxylate or any combination thereof, and wherein R is selected from a group consisting of linear or branched, optionally substituted, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the formate ester is further hydrolyzed to formic acid:{'br': None, 'sub': '2', '#text': 'R—OOCH+HO→R—OH+HCOOH.'}3. The process according to claim 2 , carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst is cobalt or manganese formate and is formed by reaction of manganese or cobalt carboxylate with a salt or solution or any other soluble species of formate.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein said carboxylate is acetate.6. The process according to claim 4 , wherein said formate salt is lithium formate.7. The process according to claim 4 , wherein said cobalt or manganese formate is formed by an in situ ion exchange of cobalt or manganese carboxylate with formate anions.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst has an oxidation potential of at least above 1.0 V.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst has an oxidation potential of between about 1.0 V to 1.8 V.10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said formate salt electrolyte is HCOOQ′ where Q′ is an alkali metal or NH.11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein said formate salt electrolyte is HCOOLi.12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one catalyst is cobalt ...

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Номер записи: 99
31-01-2019 дата публикации

Electrolysis System and Method for Electrochemical Ethylene Oxide Production

Номер: US20190032228A1
Автор: Bernhard Schmid, Christian Reller, Günter Schmid, Ralf Krause
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AG

An example electrolysis system for the electrochemical production of ethylene oxide includes an electrolysis cell having an anode in an anode space and a cathode in a cathode space and a gas separation element. The cathode space has a first inlet for carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. The anode space is integrated into an anolyte circuit and the cathode space is integrated into a catholyte circuit. The catholyte circuit has a first product outlet for a reduction product joined to a first connecting conduit connected to the anolyte circuit. The anode space is configured for bringing a reduction product introduced via the first connecting conduit into contact with an oxidation product.

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Номер записи: 100