Patent RU2020116823A3

`”ВУ“” 2020116823” АЗ Дата публикации: 28.09.2020 Форма № 18 ИЗИМ-2011 Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение 5 «Федеральный институт промышленной собственности» (ФИПС) ОТЧЕТ О ПОИСКЕ 1. . ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАЯВКИ Регистрационный номер Дата подачи 2020116823/04(028016) 30.09.2016 Приоритет установлен по дате: [ ] подачи заявки [ ] поступления дополнительных материалов от к ранее поданной заявке № [Х] приоритета 30.08.2018 по первоначальной заявке № 2018131253 из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи первоначальной заявки № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи ранее поданной заявки № [Х] подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) в государстве-участнике Парижской конвенции (31) Номер первой(ых) заявки(ок) (32) Дата подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) (33) Код страны 1. 1092016202202.4 12.02.2016 РЕ Название изобретения (полезной модели): [Х] - как заявлено; [ ] - уточненное (см. Примечания) ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ГРАФЕНА Заявитель: ФРАУНХОФЕР-ГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ ЦУР ФЕРДЕРУНГ ДЕР АНГЕВАНДТЕН ФОРШУНГ Е.Ф., РЕ 2. ЕДИНСТВО ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ [Х] соблюдено [ ] не соблюдено. Пояснения: см. Примечания 3. ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ: [Х] приняты во внимание все пункты см. п см. Примечания [ ] приняты во внимание следующие пункты: [ | принята во внимание измененная формула изобретения (см. Примечания) 4. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ (ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ) (Указываются индексы МПК и индикатор текущей версии) С25В 1/00 (2006.01) 5. ОБЛАСТЬ ПОИСКА 5.1 Проверенный минимум документации РСТ (указывается индексами МПК) С25В 1/00, НОМ 4/587 5.2 Другая проверенная документация в той мере, в какой она включена в поисковые подборки: 5.3 Электронные базы данных, использованные при поиске (название базы, и если, возможно, поисковые термины): ЕАРАТТУ, Е$расепек, ]-Р1а Рав Рабеагсв, КОРТО, ОЗРТО 6. ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ПРЕДМЕТУ ПОИСКА Кате- Наименование документа с указанием (где необходимо) частей, Относится к гория* относящихся к предмету поиска пункту ...

Zelle fuer die Elektrolyse von Salzsaeure oder waesserigen Chloridloesungen

Improvements relating to Electrode Arrangements for Electrochemical Cells.

... 1,194,181. Preparation of metanilic acid electrolytically. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 17 May, 1967 [24 May, 1966], No. 23070/66. Heading C2C. [Also in Divisions C7 and H1] An electrode for an electrochemical cell which may be used for cathodic reduction of mnitrobenzene sulphonic acid to metanilic acid comprises a bed of conducting and/or semiconducting particles and means whereby in operation the bed is fluidized, by upward passage therethrough of electrolyte, optionally containing one or more reactants. Fig. 1 shows a cell having a catholyte chamber formed by two flanged porous plastics tubes 1, 2 with a porous plastics plate 3 between them, above which lie the cathode particles, e.g. of copper powder, and round this an anolyte chamber formed by glass tube 5 lined with a lead anode 4, both chambers being closed by end plates 6, 7 through which pass catholyte and anolyte inlet and outlet tubes, a terminal 8 for the lead anode, a copper rod cathode conductor 9, and a reference ...

Electrolytic process and apparatus for the controlled oxidation or reduction o f inorganic and organic species in aqueous solutions

Electrolytic cell and method of electrolysis using such a cell

An electrolytic cell has dimensionally stable anodes 4, non- porous ion-selective membranes 8 separating the anodes from a cathode compartment in a cathode container 1 and a porous, static bed of loose, particulate conducting cathodic material 10 in the cathode compartment of the container. The cathodic material extends between conductive walls of the cathode compartment and the membranes and contacts the conductive walls of the cathode and the membranes to carry current between the walls of the cathode compartment and the membranes. This construction reduces the electrodic gap to substantially the thickness of the membranes and presses the membranes against the anodes. It produces greater uniformity of current density over the entire electrodic area, substantially free from localised differences of current density which tend to cause deterioration of the membranes by the creation of localised mechanical and electrical stresses in other types of cells. The invention also provides a method for carrying current from the effective cathodic surface to the walls of the cathode compartment. <IMAGE>

VERFAHREN ZUM BETRIEB EINER ELEKTROCHEMISCHEN ZELLE UND ELEKTROCHEMISCHE ZELLE ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR THE ELECTROLYSIS OF METALS OR METALLHAELTIGEN SOLUTIONS OR FOR THE ELECTRICAL SYNTHESIS OF CONNECTIONS AND ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE

Electrolytic process and apparatus for the controlled oxidation or reduction of inorganic and organic species in aqueous solutions

Electrolytic commercial production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon compounds

ENERGY EFFICIENT ELECTROLYZER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

... 49,444 Disclosed is an energy efficient electrolyzer for the production of hydrogen. The electrolyzer consists of an inner container, a plurality of electrolytic cells within the container and means for passing electric current in series through the electrolytic cells. Each cell consists of the anode half of one inert impervious conducting bipolar plate, in contact with an inert conductive anode bed of large surface area separated from the facing cathode half of another inert impervious conducting bipolar plate by a porous insulating separator. The anode is impregnated with an anolyte of about 10 to about 60% aqueous sulfuric acid saturated with sulfur dioxide and the cathode is bathed in a catholyte of about 10 to about 60% aqueous sulfuric acid. The anode is preferably carbon pellets which have been obtained from vegetable matter and which contain about 1 to about 5% platinum.

ELECTROLYTIC CELL WITH MEMBRANE

... 267.078 CAM:cb ELECTROLYTIC CELL WITH MEMBRANE AND METHOD OF OPERATION Describes electrolytic cell with dimensionally stable anodes, non-porous ion-selective membranes separating said anodes from the cathode compartment, and a porous, static bed of loose, conducting cathodic material in the cathode compartment, extending between the conductive walls of the cathode compartment and the membrane and contacting the conductive walls of the cathode and said membranes to carry current between the walls of the cathode compartment and said membranes. This construction reduces the electrodic gap to substantially the thickness of the membranes and presses the membranes against the anodes. It produces greater uniformity of current density over the entire electrodic area, substantially free from localized differences of current density which tend to cause deterioration of membranes by the creation of localized mechanical and electrical stresses in other types of cells, and provides a method for carrying ...

BIPOLE MATRIX ELECTRODE

An electrochemical reactor, particularly useful for the production of propylene oxide is provided. The reactor comprises two spaced apart monopole electrodes, and at least one electrically conducting matrix electrode disposed between the monopole electrodes. The matrix electrodes are dimensioned so that when a potential is applied across the monopole electrodes, and a mixture (i.e. an electrolyte or a mixture of electrolyte and a fluid immiscible therewith) of appropriate conductivity disposed therebetween, each matrix electrode acts as a bipole electrode. Preferably, fluid feed means is provided also for passing an immiscible fluid, in particular a gas, through the reactor simultaneously with the electrolyte. A method of operating the foregoing electrochemical reactor is also described.

Procédé électrochimique

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen elektrochemischer Prozesse

Elektrochemische Zelle und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF D-ARABINOSE ONES.

Membrane reactor

The invention relates to a membrane reactor used for electrochemically transforming carbon dioxide to an expected product. The membrane reactor includes a battery, a cavity, and an electrolyte membrane disposed in the cavity. The cavity is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. An anode is disposed in the anode chamber. A cathode is disposed in the cathode chamber. The battery has a negative end electrically connected with the cathode and a positive end electrically connected with the anode. The cathode has a trickle bed structure including a porous conductive supporting layer and cathode catalysts disposed on a surface of the porous conductive supporting layer. The membrane reactor has a high electrochemically transforming efficiency of the carbon dioxide and a good energy cycling utilization ratio.

Patent RU2018131253A3

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2018 131 253 A (51) МПК C25B 1/00 (2006.01) H01M 4/587 (2010.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2018131253, 30.09.2016 (71) Заявитель(и): ФРАУНХОФЕР-ГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ ЦУР ФЕРДЕРУНГ ДЕР АНГЕВАНДТЕН ФОРШУНГ Е.Ф. (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 12.02.2016 DE 10 2016 202 202.4 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 12.09.2018 (72) Автор(ы): ХОФФМАНН Рене (DE), НЕБЕЛЬ Кристоф Е. (DE), РОШЕР Сара (DE) R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 12.03.2020 Бюл. № 8 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2017/137103 (17.08.2017) A Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, стр. 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры" R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Композиция, содержащая дегидрированный графит, содержащий множество чешуек, имеющих по меньшей мере одну чешуйку из 10 с размером свыше 10 квадратных микрометров, среднюю толщину 10 атомных слоев или менее, и характерную плотность дефектов по меньшей мере 50% μ-рамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, имеющих отношение площадей D/G ниже 0,5. 2. Композиция, содержащая дегидрированный графит, содержащий множество чешуек, имеющих по меньшей мере одну чешуйку из 10 с размером свыше 10 квадратных микрометров, значение коэффициента смешанной корреляции подгонки одиночного 2D пика μрамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, большее чем 0,99 для более чем 50% этих спектров, и характерную плотность дефектов по меньшей мере 50% μ-рамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, имеющих отношение площадей D/G ниже 0,5. Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 8 1 3 1 2 5 3 (54) ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ...

ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ГРАФЕНА

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2020 116 823 A (51) МПК C25B 1/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2020116823, 30.09.2016 (71) Заявитель(и): ФРАУНХОФЕР-ГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ ЦУР ФЕРДЕРУНГ ДЕР АНГЕВАНДТЕН ФОРШУНГ Е.Ф. (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 12.02.2016 DE 102016202202.4 2018131253 30.08.2018 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 28.07.2020 Бюл. № 22 (72) Автор(ы): ХОФФМАНН, Рене (DE), НЕБЕЛЬ, Кристоф Е. (DE), РОШЕР, Сара (DE) R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Композиция, содержащая дегидрированный графит, содержащий множество чешуек, имеющих по меньшей мере одну чешуйку из 10 с размером свыше 10 квадратных микрометров, среднюю толщину 10 атомных слоев или менее, и характерную плотность дефектов по меньшей мере 50% μ-рамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, имеющих отношение площадей D/G ниже 0,5, причем эта композиция является композитом, и по меньшей мере 5% участков sp3-гибридизованного углерода композиции являются одними или более из: a) функционализированных неводородной химической группой, b) сшитых с участками sp3-гибридизованного углерода других чешуек. 2. Композиция по п. 1, причем по меньшей мере 10% участков sp3-гибридизованного углерода композиции являются одними или более из: a) функционализированных неводородной химической группой, b) сшитых с участками sp3-гибридизованного углерода других чешуек. 3. Композиция по п. 1, причем по меньшей мере 30% участков sp3-гибридизованного углерода композиции являются одними или более из: a) функционализированных неводородной химической группой, b) сшитых с участками sp3-гибридизованного углерода других чешуек. 4. Композиция по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая значение коэффициента смешанной корреляции подгонки одиночного 2D пика μ-рамановских спектров дегидрированного Стр.: 1 A 2 0 2 0 1 1 6 8 2 3 A (54) ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ...

HILFSELEKTRODE

ELECTROLYSIS CELL WITH PARTICLE BED ELECTRODES

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES

1,239,983. Metanilic acid. CONSTRUCTORS JOHN BROWN Ltd. 7 Oct., 1969 [7 Oct., 1968], No. 47406/68. Heading C2C. [Also in Divisions C7 and H1] m - Nitrobenzene sulphonic acid is reduced in aqueous sulphonic acid solution to metanilic acid in an electrochemical process in which at least one of the electrodes comprises a mass of discrete particles of size up to 2000 Á supported on a fluid-permeable support in which a fluid comprising the electrolyte and/or reactants is caused to flow upwards through the particles the amount of movement being limited by a particle-impermeable barrier above the particle bed. In an example the discrete particles are of copper but they may be of another metal or of a semi-conductor such as graphite or comcomprise a core of non-conducting material coated with a conductor. The rate of electrolyte flow may be "pulsed" so that for a period the particles are stationary. - Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 1,194,181.

ELECTRODE CHAMBER UNIT FOR AN ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL WITH A POROUS FILTER ELECTRODE.

MECHANISM TO THE CHANGE OF ELECTROLYTIC CELLS OF THE TYPE OF FILTER PRESS IN CELLS WITH CONTINUOUSLY RENEWABLE ONE ACTIVE ANODES.

PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE WASTE WATER TREATMENT BY ELECTROLYSIS WITH LOESLICHER ANODE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE ENTERPRISE OF AN ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL AND ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE

MODIFIED ION EXCHANGE RESIN

FLUIDIZED BED ELECTROLYSIS CELL

ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS AND APPARATUS

ELECTROLYTIC CELL TO PRODUCE ALKYL LEAD COMPOUNDS FROM GRIGNARD SOLUTION AND LEAD

ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF ALKALINE PEROXIDE SOLUTIONS

ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF ALKALINE PEROXIDE SOLUTIONS A novel electrolytic cell and process are described for producing alkaline peroxide solutions. The cell has an anode and cathode in spaced apart relationship, with the cathode being in the form of a fluid permeable conductive mass e.g. a packed bed of graphite particles, separated from the anode by a barrier wall. This barrier wall can be either a cation specific membrane dividing the cell into separate cathode and anode chambers or an insulating mesh permitting free flow of electrolyte between the cathode and anode. An aqueous alkaline electrolyte and oxygen are passed cocurrently through the cathode bed and the peroxide is generated in the solution within the cathode bed. The alkaline peroxide obtained is directly usable in wood pulp bleaching operations.

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED GRAPHENE

This disclosure relates to graphene derivatives, as well as related devices including graphene derivatives and methods of using graphene derivatives.

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED GRAPHENE

This disclosure relates to graphene derivatives, as well as related devices including graphene derivatives and methods of using graphene derivatives.

Electrocatalytic Process for Carbon Dioxide Conversion

An electrocatalytic device for carbon dioxide conversion includes an electrochemical stack comprising a series of cells with a cathode with a Catalytically Active Element metal in the form of supported or unsupported particles or flakes with an average size between 0.6 nm and 100 nm. The reaction products comprise at least one of CO, HCO−, H2CO, (HCOO)−, HCOOH, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO−, CH3COOH, C2H6, (COOH)2, (COO−)2, and CF3COOH.

Method of operating electrolytic cell to produce highly concentrated alkaline hydrogen peroxide

An alkaline peroxide cell for electrolytic regeneration of spent BHP from a chemical oxygen iodine laser, the cell having a for regenerating chlorine and a peroxide cell for regenerating BHP. The chlorine compartment having a potassium chloride electrolyte and producing chlorine gas for the chemical oxygen iodine laser. The peroxide cell having a spent BHP electrolyte and producing BHP for the chemical oxygen iodine laser. A cation exchange membrane between the chlorine compartment and the peroxide compartment allows potassium ions to be transported from the chlorine compartment to the peroxide compartment.

GRAPHENE AND THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE

Compositions comprising hydrogenated and dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes. At least one flake in ten has a size in excess of ten square micrometers. For example, the flakes can have an average thickness of 10 atomic layers or less.

ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ГРАФЕНА

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: disclosed is device (1) for expansion of graphite (2) to graphene (7) with at least one container (10) provided for receiving electrolyte, at least one anode (4) and at least one cathode (3), where cathode (3) contains a diamond or consists of it. Also disclosed is a method of expanding graphite (2) to graphene (7), in which particles of graphite (2) and at least one electrolyte are introduced into at least one container (10) and expanding graphite (2) by applying electric voltage (6) to at least one anode (4) and at least one cathode (3), where cathode (3) contains or consists of diamond, and hydrogen is obtained at the cathode. EFFECT: technical result is obtaining particles of average thickness of 10 air strata or less. 17 cl, 16 dwg, 2 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 722 528 C2 (51) МПК C25B 1/00 (2006.01) H01M 4/587 (2010.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C25B 1/00 (2019.08); H01M 4/587 (2019.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018131253, 30.09.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 12.02.2016 DE 10 2016 202 202.4 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 12.03.2020 Бюл. № 8 (45) Опубликовано: 01.06.2020 Бюл. № 16 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 12.09.2018 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2009155561 A1, 18.06.2009. WO 2015019093 A1, 12.02.2015. EP 2878709 A1, 03.06.2015. RU 2625910 C2, 19.07.2017. RU 2352029 C2, 10.04.2009. 2 7 2 2 5 2 8 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ФРАУНХОФЕР-ГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ ЦУР ФЕРДЕРУНГ ДЕР АНГЕВАНДТЕН ФОРШУНГ Е.Ф. (DE) 01.06.2020 R U 30.09.2016 (72) Автор(ы): ХОФФМАНН Рене (DE), НЕБЕЛЬ Кристоф Е. (DE), РОШЕР Сара (DE) EP 2016/073451 (30.09.2016) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: R U 2 7 2 2 5 2 8 WO 2017/137103 (17.08.2017) Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, стр. 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма ...

Elektrochemisches Verfahren

VORRICHTUNG ZUR ELEKTROCHEMISCHEN ERZEUGUNG KORROSIONSVERHINDERNDER ABLAGERUNGEN

Electrolytic commercial production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon compounds

Electrolytic cell or reaction unit

... An electrolytic reaction unit for producing organo metallic compounds such as tetraethyl lead, tetramethyl lead or compounds of zinc or manganese has hollow cathodes 56 through which heat exchange fluid flows, the anode being formed by a solid electrically conducting reactant substance, e.g. Pb granules, which is prevented from contacting the cathodes by liquid permeable electrically insulating means over the cathodes. The cathodes may have internal baffles 100, Fig. 10, for the heat exchange fluid and the liquid permeable electrically insulating means may comprise layers of woven glass 104, 106, Fig. 12, and nylon 105 cloth or cloth woven from polypropylene or both polypropylene and polyethylene filaments. The cathodes are mounted by brackets 92, 93, Fig. 3, and are electrically connected at 107. In making tetraethyl lead, the electrolyte comprises ethyl magnesium chloride dissolved in an anhydrous solvent such as the dibutyl ...

Method of and apparatus for carrying out electro-chemical reactions

... A slurry formed by an electrolyte, an electro-chemical reactant and electrode particles of a higher density than the liquid of the slurry is fed vortically into a cell on to the inner surface of a cylindrical conductive parent electrode surrounding a counter electrode adjacent the cylinder axis so that the electrode particles achieve at least temporary electrical connection with the parent electrode due to centrifugal force, the electrolyte is withdrawn as overflow and the electrode particles as underflow while keeping the electrodes immersed in electrolyte, and the products of electrolysis are also withdrawn from the cell. Typically the cell is formed by a hydrocyclone comprising a shell 2, an insulating liner 10, a hollow cylindrical parent electrode 11, an axially disposed vortex finder 15 for overflow discharge, and an insulating coaxial sleeve 18 surrounded by a counter electrode 17, together with a tangential inlet duct 14 for the slurry and an underflow discharge ...

Electrolytic cell for carrying out electro-chemical reactions

... 923,807. Electrolytic cells; metal alkyls. NALCO CHEMICAL CO. March 14, 1961 [July 13, 1960], No. 9248/61. Class 41. Electrolytic cells employing a sacrificial anode e.g. for making metal alkyls from anode metal, comprises a container 21 for the electrolyte within which is mounted a porous partition of non-conducting material in contact with the cell wall (cathode) and containing the anode metal in particulate form e.g. pellets, which are thus in contact with the inner side of the porous partition whereby the anode to cathode distance is very small e.g. 0.02 to 0.15 inch. The porous partition bag is clamped at its upper edge between flanges 28 and 29, and may be of glass filament fabric, nylon, a metal screen coated with P.T.F.E. or polythene, or a compound layer fabric of these. The outer cells 22, 23 surrounding the electrolytic cell, are used for heating or cooling liquids. In an example, lead pellets are fed into the cell through a funnel 63, and ethyl magnesium chloride flows into ...

CIRCULATING BED ELCTRODES

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS OF THE PACKED BED TYPE

... 1367883 Packed bed cell NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP 15 Sept 1971 [28 Sept 1970] 45999/70 Heading C7B An electro-chemical cell comprises a packed bed of conducting particles which form a plurality of isolated bi-polar cells. The conducting particles 10 may be graphite beads or glass beads coated with conducting material. Non-conducting particles 11 such as glass beads may be interposed between the conducting particles. In Fig. 1 where only a few beads are shown, the beads are supported on a porous glass plate 14. Platinum gauge electrodes 15, 16 are connected to the supply via leads 20 and 19. Electrolyte passes into the cell via duct 17 and out via duct 18. The beads may be compressed by electrode 16. The cell is particularly suitable for the oxidation of bromide solutions.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE ELECTROLYSIS WITH THE OOZING OF SEVERAL VOLUMINOESEN POROUS ELECTRODES.

ELECTROLYTIC PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTROLLED OXIDATION OR REDUCTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATERIALS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCEDURE

ELECTRODE MATERIAL; IMPROVED ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS

ABSTRACT A particle suitable for use as an electrode material comprising a generally spherical substrate, preferably graphite, having a diameter of from 0.3 mm to 2.5 cm. said substrate is provided with a coating of an admixture of a hydrophobic binder of, preferably, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and an electrochemically active, electrically conductive catalyst, e.g. carbon black, having a thickness of from 0.025 to 0.15, said coated particle is produced by a novel method and is advantageously employed as an electrode comprising a plurality of packed particles in an electrode cell, said coated particle is advantageously employed as a catalyst for the reduction of oxygen.

GRAPHENE AND THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE

Compositions comprising hydrogenated and dehydrogenated graphene comprising a plurality of flakes, where at least 10% of flakes has a size greater than ten square micrometers. For example, the flakes can have an average thickness of 10 atomic layers or less, and at least 30% of sp3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more of a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, or b) cross-linked with sp3 hybridized carbon sites of other flakes. Also provided is an apparatus for the production of graphene and method for the production of graphene.

ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR

The disclosure pertains to an electrochemical reactor (1), in particular but not exclusively for vatting sulphur dye or vat dye as well as to methods of using such a reactor and to uses of such a reactor. The electrochemical reactor comprises at least one liquid compartment (3) in which a multitude o f freely suspended granules (14) is enclosed, wherein at least one of the si de walls (5) of the compartment is an electrode and an opposite side wall is formed by a separator element (6), typically a membrane, wherein there is p rovided a bottom inlet (7, 9) and a top outlet (8, 10) of the compartment fo r a liquid catholyte (9) or a liquid anolyte (7), wherein the inlet region a s well as the outlet region of the compartment are provided with an upper gr id (H') and a lower grid (H"), the width of the mesh and the positioning of which is chosen such as to allow the liquid catholyte or the liquid anolyte to pass through from bottom to top but to prevent the granules to pass throu gh the grids ...

ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ГРАФЕНА

Изобретение относится к композиции графита для суперконденсаторов (варианты). Согласно одному из вариантов композиция содержит: дегидрированный графит, содержащий множество чешуек, имеющих по меньшей мере одну чешуйку из 10 с размером свыше 10 квадратных микрометров, среднюю толщину 10 атомных слоев или менее и характерную плотность дефектов по меньшей мере 50% μ-рамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, имеющих отношение площадей D/G ниже 0,5, причем эта композиция является композитом, и по меньшей мере 30% участков sp3-гибридизованного углерода композиции являются одними или более из: a) функционализированных неводородной химической группой, b) сшитых с участками sp3-гибридизованного углерода других чешуек. Также изобретение относится к электроду и суперконденсатору. 6 н. и 28 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил., 2 табл.

СПОСОБ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОФТОРИРОВАНИЯ СПЛАВА ИЛИ СМЕСИ МЕТАЛЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ УРАНА, ЭЛЕКТРОЛИЗЕР

Изобретение относится к способу селективного электрофторирования сплавов или смесей металлов на основе урана. Способ селективного электрофторирования проводят путем селективной анодной реакции с по крайней мере одним компонентом сплава или смеси металлов с помощью анодного напряжения, контролируемо накладываемого на сплав в ванне с расплавленными фторидами. Устройство для электрофторирования содержит ванну с металлическим катодом, анодным коробом, заполняемым загрузкой из сплава или смеси металлов, диафрагму, разделяющую анодное и катодное пространства, анодный подвод к загрузке, устройство нагрева или охлаждения ванны, устройство для улавливания летучих фторированных продуктов. Изобретение позволяет исключить необходимость манипуляций с газообразным фтором и упростить операции дистилляции и ректификации. 2 с. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR ELEKTROLYSE MIT DURCHSICKERN VON EINER MEHREREN VOLUMINOESEN POROESEN ELEKTRODEN.

Improvements in cells for the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid or aqueous solutionsof chlorides

... 865,288. Electrolytic cells. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. July 30, 1959 [Aug. 21, 1958], No. 26143/59. Addition to 839,275. Class 41. In an electrolytic cell, as claimed in the parent Specification, the diaphragms are very thin partitions of smooth-surfaced, finely-perforated foil, or of fabric composed of fine threads, of a material, e.g. polytetrafluorethylene, which is resistant to chlorine.

ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROLYZING DEVICE

FLUIDIZED-BED ELECTRODE SYSTEM

... 1427267 Fluidized bed electrolysis system NORANDA MINES Ltd 19 July 1974 [13 Aug 1973] 32136/74 Heading C7B A fluidized bed electrolytic cell comprises a chamber 14 having a porous base 24 and containing metal (optionally as a coating on glass or plastics) particles 25 constituting a main electrode. An auxiliary electrode 30, insulated from the particles, and main current feeder 32 extend into the bed. Fluidizing gas, e.g. air, enters through the porous base and fluid to be treated is passed in at 34 and out at 36. The fluid outlet may be in a separate chamber 38 communicating with the main chamber via a mesh 40. Porous base 24 may be polyethylene or polypropylene. The auxiliary electrode may be that described and claimed in Specification 1427268. The cell is useful in Cu electro-winning, using Cu particles of 130Á dia as the bed. Any Se or Te in the electrolyte reacts to form Cu 2 Te or Cu 2 Se which is swept out of the cell and recovered, while pure Cu is electro-deposited on the bed ...

POROUS DIAPHRAGM FOR ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL.

ELEKTROCHEMISCHES VERFAHREN ZUR ELEKTROLYSE VON METALLEN ODER METALLHAELTIGEN LOESUNGEN ODER ZUR ELEKTROSYNTHESE VON VERBINDUNGEN UND ELEKTROCHEMISCHE ZELLE ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE SUBURBAN HALOGEN TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Electrochemical and thermal digestion of organic molecules

Various examples are provided for electrochemical digestion of organic molecules. In one example, among others, a method includes providing a fluid mixture including organic molecules to a reaction vessel including at least one current distribution part suspended within the fluid mixture. At least a portion of the current distribution part is coated with nano catalytic powders. Current flow can be controlled through the fluid mixture to heat the fluid mixture and simultaneously cause electrolysis of the fluid mixture. In another example, a device includes a pipe section surrounding a fluid mixture including organic molecules, a current distribution part positioned within the pipe section and suspended in the fluid mixture, and an electrical coupling assembly configured to provide an electrical potential to the current distribution part for heating and electrolysis of the fluid mixture. At least a portion of the current distribution part is coated with nano catalytic powders.

Graphene and the production of graphene

Compositions comprising hydrogenated and dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes. At least one flake in ten has a size in excess of ten square micrometers. For example, the flakes can have an average thickness of 10 atomic layers or less.

PARTICULATE BED ELECTROLYSER

FLUIDIZED-BED ELECTRODE SYSTEM

CONTINUOUS CO-CURRENT ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

CONTINUOUS ELECTRO-CHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

In various embodiments, the invention provides electro-chemical processes for reduction of carbon dioxide, for example converting carbon dioxide to formate salts or formic acid. In selected embodiments, operation of a continuous reactor with a three dimensional cathode and a two-phase (gas/liquid) catholyte flow provides advantageous conditions for electro-reduction of carbon dioxide. In these embodiments, the continuous two-phase flow of catholyte solvent and carbon dioxide containing gas, in selected gas/liquid phase volume flow ratios, provides dynamic conditions that favour the electro-reduction of COs at relatively high effective superficial current densities and gas space velocities, with relatively low reactor (cell) voltages (<10 Volts). In some embodiments, relatively high internal gas hold-up in the cathode chamber (evident in an internal gas to liquid phase volume ratio > 0.1) may provide greater than equilibrium CO2 concentrations in the liquid phase, also facilitating relatively ...

SELECTIVE ELECTROFLUORATION PROCESS FOR URANIUM-BASED METALLIC ALLOYS

Procédé d'électro-fluoration sélective d'alliage métallique à base d'U caractérisé en ce qu'on opère une réaction anodique sélective sur au moins un des composants de l'alliage à l'aide d'une tension anodique contrôlée appliquée à l'alliage dans un bain de fluorures fondus.

Membrane reactor

The invention relates to a membrane reactor used for electrochemically transforming carbon dioxide to an expected product. The membrane reactor includes a fuel cell, a cavity, and an electrolyte membrane disposed in the cavity. The fuel cell includes a positive end and a negative end. The cavity is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. An anode is disposed in the anode chamber. A cathode is disposed in the cathode chamber. The negative end is electrically connected with the cathode. The positive end is electrically connected with the anode. The expected product includes oxygen and hydrogen. The fuel cell further includes a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, and a reaction product outlet. The oxygen is fed in the fuel cell from the oxidant inlet. The hydrogen is fed in the fuel cell from the fuel inlet. The membrane reactor has a high electrochemically transforming efficiency of the carbon dioxide and a good energy cycling utilization ratio.

Inert gas rejection device for zinc-halogen battery systems

An electrolytic cell for separating chlorine gas from other (foreign) gases, having an anode, a cathode assembly, an aqueous electrolyte, a housing, and a constant voltage power supply. The cathode assembly is generally comprised of a dense graphite electrode having a winding channel formed in the face opposing the anode, a gas impermeable (but liquid permeable) membrane sealed into the side of the cathode electrode over the channel, and a packing of graphite particles contained in the channel of the cathode electrode. The housing separates and parallelly aligns the anode and cathode assembly, and provides a hermetic seal for the cell. In operation, a stream of chlorine and foreign gases enters the cell at the beginning of the cathode electrode channel. The chlorine gas is dissolved into the electrolyte and electrochemically reduced into chloride ions. The chloride ions disfuse through the gas impermeable membrane, and are electrochemically oxidized at the anode into purified chlorine gas ...

FLIESSBETTELEKTROLYSEZELLE.

ELEKTROCHEMISCHE ZELLE UND IHRE VERWENDUNG

Electrodes for electrolyzing device

The device comprises an electrolytic cell, a diaphragm which devides said electrolytic cell into an anode compartment and a cathode compartment, a main anode and a main cathode disposed in said anode and cathode compartment, respectively, and a mixture of conductive and non-conductive particles packed in each compartment, said conductive particles being arranged in each compartment to possess the same polarity as that of said main anode or main cathode without causing bipolarization. Many electrode reactions are carried out in the device effectively and it is possible to make the device compact.

FLUIDIZED BED ELECTROLYSIS CELL

DIVIDED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH ELECTRODE OF CIRCULATING PARTICLES

There is disclosed an electrochemical process wherein an electrolyte is passed through one electrode compartment of an electrochemical cell, said one electrode compartment comprising a particulate electrode and being separated from a second electrode compartment of said electrochemical cell containing a counter-electrode by a separator having an ion-permeable wall inclined away from the vertical and towards the particulate electrode. The distribution of the particles of said particulate electrode in the electrolyte during the process is controlled in a manner such that there is formed within said one electrode compartment a first region which is adjacent to the ion-permeable wall and within which first region substantially all the particles are, for a large proportion of the time they spend in said first region, separated from each other, and a second region which is spaced from the ion-permeable wall and within which second region substantially all the particles are, for a large proportion ...

PROCEDE ET INSTALLATION D'ELECTROLYSE PAR PERCOLATION A TRAVERS UNE OU DES ELECTRODES VOLUMIQUES POREUSES

L'invention concerne un procédé et une installation d'électrolyse par percolation à travers au moins une électrode volumique poreuse, en vue de réaliser une réaction électrochimique. Ce procédé est du type consistant à polariser électriquement chaque électrode volumique constituée par un lit conducteur de particules solides, et à faire circuler à travers ladite électrode volumique un électrolyte liquide. Le procédé conforme à l'invention se caractérise en ce que l'on engendre une pulsation périodique de l'électrolyte, telle que les particules du lit formant l'électrode volumique soient mises en état de fluidisation pendant une fraction du cycle de pulsation et demeurent en lit fixe pendent le restant du cycle avec inversion du sens de la vitesse de circulation. Le procédé supprime les phénomènes de colmatage tout en fournissant un excellent coefficient de transfert, sans perturber la sélectivité de la réaction électrochimique.

ELECTROCHEMICAL AND THERMAL DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES

Various examples are provided for electrochemical digestion of organic molecules. In one example, among others, a method includes providing a fluid mixture including organic molecules to a reaction vessel including at least one current distribution part suspended within the fluid mixture. At least a portion of the current distribution part is coated with nano catalytic powders. Current flow can be controlled through the fluid mixture to heat the fluid mixture and simultaneously cause electrolysis of the fluid mixture. In another example, a device includes a pipe section surrounding a fluid mixture including organic molecules, a current distribution part positioned within the pipe section and suspended in the fluid mixture, and an electrical coupling assembly configured to provide an electrical potential to the current distribution part for heating and electrolysis of the fluid mixture. At least a portion of the current distribution part is coated with nano catalytic powders.

Chemically Modified Graphene

This disclosure relates to graphene derivatives, as well as related devices including graphene derivatives and methods of using graphene derivatives.

Water oxidation catalyst

A process for oxidizing water using amorphous cobalt tungstate is disclosed. A plurality of amorphous cobalt tungstate nanoparticles are supported on an electrode and are able to catalytically interact with water molecules generating oxygen. The catalyst can be used as part of a electrochemical or photo-electrochemical cell for the generation of electrical energy.

PROGRAMMABLE, SELF-ASSEMBLING PATCHED NANOPARTICLES, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The present invention generally relates to nanofabrication and, in some embodiments, to methods of synthesizing selectively binding patched nanoparticles and the devices that can be made from them. In some embodiments, the invention relates to methods of assembling arbitrarily shaped structures from patched nanocubes and the devices and uses that follow. For example, nanocube building blocks may be patched by stamping their faces with a selectively binding chemical species (e.g. DNA, antibody-antigen pairs, etc.), or by using self-assembly to attach to the nanocubes multiple selectively binding patch species whose immiscibility can be preprogrammed. Arbitrarily shaped structures can then be designed and assembled by deciding which faces will be bonded to each other in some target structure and combining nanocubes that have selectively binding patches on those faces. Other aspects of the invention are also directed to methods of making such nanocubes or other nanoparticles, methods of forming such nanocubes or other nanoparticles into devices, devices formed from such nanocubes or other nanoparticles, kits including such nanocubes, nanoparticles, or devices, or the like. 1114-. (canceled)115. A method of preparing at least three distinguishable patches of molecules on surfaces of a nanocube , the method comprising:providing a substrate having deposited thereon a nanocube;contacting a stamp surface containing a first patch molecule to a surface of the nanocube deposited on the substrate to print a patch of the first patch molecule on the surface of the nanocube;exposing the nanocube to a first liquid containing a second patch molecule, distinguishable from the first patch molecule, wherein the second patch molecule attaches to the nanocube; andsuspending the nanocube in a second liquid containing a third patch molecule, distinguishable from the first and second patch molecules, to form a suspension, wherein the third patch molecule attaches to the nanocube.116. The ...

ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ГРАФЕНА

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2018 131 253 A (51) МПК C25B 1/00 (2006.01) H01M 4/587 (2010.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2018131253, 30.09.2016 (71) Заявитель(и): ФРАУНХОФЕР-ГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ ЦУР ФЕРДЕРУНГ ДЕР АНГЕВАНДТЕН ФОРШУНГ Е.Ф. (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 12.02.2016 DE 10 2016 202 202.4 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 12.09.2018 (72) Автор(ы): ХОФФМАНН Рене (DE), НЕБЕЛЬ Кристоф Е. (DE), РОШЕР Сара (DE) R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 12.03.2020 Бюл. № 8 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2017/137103 (17.08.2017) A Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, стр. 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры" R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Композиция, содержащая дегидрированный графит, содержащий множество чешуек, имеющих по меньшей мере одну чешуйку из 10 с размером свыше 10 квадратных микрометров, среднюю толщину 10 атомных слоев или менее, и характерную плотность дефектов по меньшей мере 50% μ-рамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, имеющих отношение площадей D/G ниже 0,5. 2. Композиция, содержащая дегидрированный графит, содержащий множество чешуек, имеющих по меньшей мере одну чешуйку из 10 с размером свыше 10 квадратных микрометров, значение коэффициента смешанной корреляции подгонки одиночного 2D пика μрамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, большее чем 0,99 для более чем 50% этих спектров, и характерную плотность дефектов по меньшей мере 50% μ-рамановских спектров дегидрированного графита, полученных при возбуждении на длине волны 532 нм с разрешением лучше, чем 1,8 обратных сантиметров, имеющих отношение площадей D/G ниже 0,5. Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 8 1 3 1 2 5 3 (54) ГРАФЕН И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR IN WHICH COUNTER-CURRENT TWO PHASE FLOW IS COMBINED WITH ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION OR OXIDATION

... 1366877 Reduction of valency UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY 15 Nov 1971 [24 Nov 1970] 55943/70 Heading C7B A liquid-liquid contactor comprises an electro-chemical cell 10 having a bed 20 of particles at least in part of conducting material arranged so that mixed liquid phases flow through the bed. The mixed phases are subjected to electrolysis whereby one of the reactants is electro-chemically reduced and its extraction from one phase to the other is facilitated. Uranium and plutonium in an organic phase may be separated by reducing PuIV to the aqueous soluble PuIII. The liquid phases enter mixer compartment 11 through inlets 13 and 14 and are forced to flow upwards into the cell through gauze 19 by action of the paddle 12. The bed 20 forms the cathode and the fire-brick cylinder 17 contains the platinum anode 18. The mixed phases leave the cell through outlet 15 into a settler unit. The particles may be solid metal, or glass beads coated with gold palladium or ...

Electrochemical reactor

ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF ELECTROLYSIS USING SUCH A CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS AND APPARATUS

... 1485301 Flow control in fluidized bed electrodes PAREL SA 1 Aug 1974 [3 Aug 1973 (2) 14 Dec 1973 (3) 24 May 1974] 34077/74 Heading C7B Particle movement in a fluidized bed electrode located on one side of an ion-permeable separator 4 in a divided cell 1 is controlled such that a region 16 of relatively low particle density exists e.g. adjacent the separator, while a region 15 of relatively high density exists e.g. remote therefrom. As shown, separator 4 is inclined upwardly towards the bed and electrolyte flow contributes to forming the regions by flow as shown. Flow directors, which may include provision of a corrugated separator, may promote the required flow. The outer wall 2 of the particle enclosing compartment may be parallel to or slope at a greater angle than the separator. The current distributer 17 may comprise one or more rods extending into the bed, or be a metal plateÀembedded in wall 2. The cell is useful in electrowinning e.g. Au,.Ag, Cu, Fe, Pt group, Co, Zn, Ni or Mn and ...

ELECTROLYTIC CELL

Electrolytic cell and method for electrolysis

Electrolytic process and apparatus for the controlled reduction of inorganic and organic species in aqueous solutions

ELECTROLYTIC CELL FOR SEPARATING CHLORINE GAS FROM OTHER GASES

AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL FOR SEPARATING CHLORINE GAS FROM OTHER GASES An electrolytic cell for separating chlorine gas from other (foreign) gases, having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a gas impermeable (but liquid permeable) membrane interposed between the anode and cathode electrodes, an aqueous electrolyte, a housing, and a constant voltage power supply. The electrolytic cell may be constructed in either a rectangular or cylindrical geometry, and may be combined with other electrolytic cells to form a multiple cell system. In operation, a stream of chlorine and foreign gases enters the cell at the lower portion of the cathode electrode. The chlorine gas is dissolved into the electrolyte and electrochemically reduced into chloride ions. The chloride ion; diffuse through the gas impermeable membrane, and are electrochemically oxidized at the anode into purified chlorine gas. The foreign gases do not participate in the above, and are vented from the cell.

reator eletroquìmico, método para redução ou oxidação de um componente, método para produzir um leito de arrasto de reator e uso de reator

Electrochemical process using a fluidized electrode

An extended surface area electrode for an electrochemical cell is provided by causing a bed of conducting particles to be expanded in the form of a fluidized bed by controlled upward flow of electrolyte through an electrode chamber containing current-carrying conducting means which makes contact with the fluidized bed.

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Expansion von Graphit zu Graphen

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (1) zur Expansion von Graphit (2) zu Graphen (7) mit zumindest einem Behälter (10), welcher zur Aufnahme eines Elektrolyten vorgesehen ist, zumindest einer Anode (4) und zumindest einer Kathode (3), wobei die Kathode (3) Diamant enthält oder daraus besteht. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Expansion von Graphit (2) zu Graphen (7), bei welchem in zumindest einen Behälter (10) Graphit (2) und zumindest ein Elektrolyt eingebracht werden und der Graphit (2) durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung (6) an zumindest eine Anode (4) und zumindest eine Kathode (3) expandiert wird, wobei die Kathode (3) Diamant enthält oder daraus besteht, ein wässriger Elektrolyt verwendet wird und Wasserstoff in den Graphit (2) interkaliert.

Electrolytic commercial production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon compounds

IMPREGNATED AUXILIARY ELECTRODE FOR STATIC OR FLUIDIZED-BED- ELECTRODE SYSTEM

... 1427268 Particulate electrode electrolysis cells NORANDA MINES Ltd 19 July 1974 [13 Aug 1973] 32137/74 Heading C7B An electrolytic cell having a static or fluidizedbed particulate electrode is provided with an auxiliary electrode for insertion into the particles, comprising a conductive base into which is partially embedded a non-conducting screen whereby in use the particles are insulated from the conductive base. The base may be a sheet of Pb or Pb alloy into which is pressure rolled an organic fabric of nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene or PTFE and of which the mesh size preferably is not more than half the particle average size. These particles may be of 100- 1000Á dia and be of metal optionally as a coating on glass or plastics. The cell shown, which may be used for Cu electro-winning, has a perforated screen, e.g. of polyethylene or polypropylene, supporting particles 25 which are fluidized by upward electrolyte flow. Chamber 38 communicates via mesh 40 with the cell interior ...

ELECTROLYTIC CELL FOR INTRODUCING IRON IONS INTO WATER

... 1317847 Ferrous ions in water MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO K K 9 Aug 1971 [14 Aug 1970] 37237/71 Heading C7B An electrolytic cell for adding ferrous ions to water comprises a perforated anode plate 24, a cathode plate 31, at least one elongated iron member 30 provided vertically above the anode plate, cathode members 31a located parallel to and extending above the iron member and an insulator between the iron member and the cathode members. Water is passed into the cell via inlet 28 and out through outlet 32. Drain pipe 27 is normally closed. The insulator may be a perforated synthetic resin screen 35. The iron members 30 may be placed centrally and the cathode members 31a distributed around the perifery of the cell. Alternatively the iron members may be fixed in groups to the anode plate each group having its own insulating frame. In one embodiment the cathode member is situated within a tubular iron member. The anode may be made of platinum, lead silver alloy Fe 3 O 4 , or platinum coated titanium ...

FLUIDIZED-BED ELECTRODE SYSTEM UTILIZING EMBEDDED INSULATOR AUXILIARY ELECTRODE

POROUS DIAPHRAGM FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

... 73430-8 The invention relates to porous, substantially uniform electrolyte flow rate producing diaphragm and electrode assembly for use in electrochemical cells, said diaphragm contacting at least one electrode characterized as porous and self-draining, said diaphragm comprising a plurality of layers of a microporous polyolefin film or a plurality of layers of a composite comprising said microporous polyolefin film and a support fabric, said support fabric being laminated to said microporous polyolefin film, wherein portions of said diaphragm which are exposed to the full head of said aqueous solution as compared with portions of said diaphragm which are exposed to little or no head of said aqueous solution pass substantially the same amount of said aqueous solution to said electrode.

Verfahren zum Behandeln von Nanopartikeln unter Verwendung einer intermittierend arbeitenden elektrochemischen Zelle

Verfahren, umfassend, dass: elektrisch leitende Nanopartikel elektrochemisch behandelt werden, umfassend, dass eine elektrochemische Zelle bereitgestellt wird, die einen Behälter als eine Arbeitselektrode umfasst, eine Suspension in dem Behälter bereitgestellt wird, die die Nanopartikel und einen flüssigen Elektrolyt umfasst, und die Nanopartikel intermittierend mit einer Innenfläche des Behälters in Kontakt gebracht werden, um die Nanopartikel zu behandeln.

Leucodye (such as leucoindigo) as dispersing aid

An electrolytic dye reduction method comprises preparing a catholyte by dispersing a dye in a leucodye comprising electrolyte. In a preferred method the leucodye like leucoindigo is the sole dispersing aid.

Continuous co-current electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

In various embodiments, the invention provides electro-chemical processes for reduction of carbon dioxide, for example converting carbon dioxide to formate salts or formic acid. In selected embodiments, operation of a continuous reactor with a three dimensional cathode and a two-phase (gas/liquid) catholyte flow provides advantageous conditions for electro-reduction of carbon dioxide. In these embodiments, the continuous two-phase flow of catholyte solvent and carbon dioxide containing gas, in selected gas/liquid phase volume flow ratios, provides dynamic conditions that favour the electro-reduction of COs at relatively high effective superficial current densities and gas space velocities, with relatively low reactor (cell) voltages (<10 Volts). In some embodiments, relatively high internal gas hold-up in the cathode chamber (evident in an internal gas to liquid phase volume ratio >0.1) may provide greater than equilibrium CO 2 concentrations in the liquid phase, also facilitating relatively high effective superficial current densities. In some embodiments, these characteristics may for example be achieved at catholyte pH>7 and relatively low CO 2 partial pressures (<10 bar). In some embodiments, these characteristics may for example be achieved under near adiabatic conditions, with catholyte outlet temperature up to about 80° C.

Integrated photo-electrochemical device for concentrated irradiation

The present invention relates to a photo-electrochemical device for production of a gas, liquid or solid using concentrated electromagnetic irradiation. The device comprises a photovoltaic component configured to generate charge carriers from the concentrated electromagnetic irradiation; and an electrochemical component configured to carry out electrolysis of a reactant. The photovoltaic component contacts the electrochemical component at a solid interface to form an integrated photo-electrochemical device; and further includes at least one reactant channel or a plurality of reactant channels extending between the photovoltaic component and the electrochemical component to transfer heat and the reactant from the photovoltaic component to the electrochemical component. The integrated photo-electrochemical device and auxiliary devices (such as concentrator, flow controllers) build a system which can flexibly react to changes in operating condition and guarantee best performance.

Device for solar light driven co2 reduction in water

Method and photo-electrochemical system using Cu(In,Ga)Se2 CIGS for reducing electrochemically CO2 into CO using as catalyst a metal complex with quaterpyridine ligand, the electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, an anode, a cathodic electrolyte comprising water as the solvent, and a power supply providing the energy necessary to trigger the electrochemical reactions.

Photocatalytic water splitting with cobalt oxide-titanium dioxide-palladium nano-composite catalysts

Photocatalysts and methods of using the same for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water are disclosed. The photocatalysts include photoactive titanium dioxide loaded with 0.5 wt. % to 4 wt. % of a hole-scavenging material comprising cobalt oxide and 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % of palladium (Pd) and/or a Pd—Co alloy.

Chemically Modified Graphene

This disclosure relates to graphene derivatives, as well as related devices including graphene derivatives and methods of using graphene derivatives.

Electrocatalytic process for carbon dioxide conversion

An electrocatalytic device for carbon dioxide conversion includes an electrochemical stack comprising a series of cells with a cathode with a Catalytically Active Element metal in the form of supported or unsupported particles or flakes with an average size between 0.6 nm and 100 nm. The reaction products comprise at least one of CO, HCO − , H 2 CO, (HCOO) − , HCOOH, CH 3 OH, CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 COO − , CH 3 COOH, C 2 H 6 , (COOH) 2 , (COO − ) 2 , and CF 3 COOH.

Electrolytic process and apparatus

An electrolytic process and apparatus for oxidizing inorganic or organic species is disclosed. The process and apparatus includes contacting a solution containing the inorganic or organic species with an electrocatalytic material disposed in an electrolytic reactor. Also disclosed are processes for fabricating a catalyst material for use in the electrolytic reactors and processes.

How to produce alcohol

本発明に係る方法は、カソード電極３０１は銅または銅化合物を具備し、アノード電極３０４はＡｌｘＧａ１−ｘＮ（０＜ｘ≦１）層およびＧａＮ層が積層された窒化物半導体層からなる領域を具備する。カソード電極が配される陰極室の内部には、塩化カリウム水溶液（ＫＣｌ水溶液）または塩化ナトリウム水溶液（ＮａＣｌ水溶液）からなる第１電解液が保持される。アノード電極が配される陽極室の内部には、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液（ＮａＯＨ水溶液）からなる第２電解液が保持される。

Method for producing metal hydroxides or alkaline metal carbonates

본 발명은 금속을 양극용해(anodic dissolution)시키고 하이드록사이드 또는 알칼리성 카보네이트를 수성 매질에서 침전시킴으로써, 금속 하이드록사이드 또는 알칼리성 금속 카보네이트를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 금속 성분의 양극용해를 3-격실 전해전지의 양극실에서 수행한다. 양극실과 음극실 사이에 위치하며 다공질 격막에 의해 이들과 분리되어 있는 중간실에 보조 염 수용액을 공급한다. 적어도 알칼리성은 아닌 금속염 용액을 양극실에서 계속 배출시키면서 알칼리성 보조 염 용액을 음극실에서 계속 배출시킨다. 적어도 알칼리성은 아닌 금속염 용액과 알칼리성 보조 염 용액을 전해전지 외부에서 합하여, 이로부터 금속 하이드록사이드 또는 알칼리성 금속 카보네이트가 침전되게 한다. The present invention relates to a process for preparing metal hydroxides or alkaline metal carbonates by anodizing the metal and precipitating the hydroxide or alkaline carbonate in an aqueous medium. Anodic dissolution of the metal components is carried out in the anode chamber of a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The auxiliary salt solution is supplied to the intermediate chamber located between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber and separated from them by a porous diaphragm. The alkaline auxiliary salt solution is continuously discharged from the cathode chamber while at least the non-alkali metal salt solution is continuously discharged from the anode chamber. At least the non-alkaline metal salt solution and the alkaline auxiliary salt solution are combined outside the electrolytic cell, causing metal hydroxide or alkaline metal carbonate to precipitate therefrom. 전기분해, 양극용해, 금속 하이드록사이드, 금속 카보네이트, 보조 염 용액 Electrolysis, Anolysis, Metal Hydroxide, Metal Carbonate, Auxiliary Salt Solution

Monopolar electrolyzer

An electrolytic cell has dimensionally stable anodes 4, non- porous ion-selective membranes 8 separating the anodes from a cathode compartment in a cathode container 1 and a porous, static bed of loose, particulate conducting cathodic material 10 in the cathode compartment of the container. The cathodic material extends between conductive walls of the cathode compartment and the membranes and contacts the conductive walls of the cathode and the membranes to carry current between the walls of the cathode compartment and the membranes. This construction reduces the electrodic gap to substantially the thickness of the membranes and presses the membranes against the anodes. It produces greater uniformity of current density over the entire electrodic area, substantially free from localised differences of current density which tend to cause deterioration of the membranes by the creation of localised mechanical and electrical stresses in other types of cells. The invention also provides a method for carrying current from the effective cathodic surface to the walls of the cathode compartment. <IMAGE>

The method of Carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction trans-utilization

本发明涉及一种二氧化碳电化学还原转化利用的方法，包括以下步骤：提供一膜反应器，该膜反应器包括一燃料电池；一腔体；一电解质隔膜设置在该腔体中，并将该腔体分隔为阴极室以及阳极室；一阳极设置在所述阳极室内，以及一阴极设置在所述阴极室内；将阴极电解液以及二氧化碳持续并流通入所述膜反应器的阴极室，同时将所述阳极电解液以及阳极活性物质持续通入所述膜反应器的阳极室；利用所述燃料电池在该膜反应器的阴极与阳极之间提供电解电压以分解二氧化碳，并获得预期产物，该预期产物包括氢气及氧气；以及将所述氢气以及氧气作为燃料电池的燃料通入燃料电池反应产生电能。该方法具有较好的二氧化碳转化效率以及能量循环利用率。

Membrane reactor

本发明涉及一种膜反应器，用于将二氧化碳电化学转化为预期产物，包括：一燃料电池，所述燃料电池具有一正极端以及一负极端；一腔体；一电解质隔膜设置在该腔体中，并将该腔体分隔为阴极室以及阳极室；一阳极设置在所述阳极室内；以及一阴极设置在所述阴极室内；其中，所述正极端与所述阳极电连接，所述负极端与所述阴极电连接，用于给二氧化碳电化学转化提供电解电压，所述预期产物包括氢气以及氧气，所述燃料电池进一步具有一燃料进料口，氧化剂进料口以及反应物出料口，所述氢气作为燃料通入所述燃料进料口，所述氧气作为氧化剂通入所述氧化剂进料口。该膜反应器具有较好的二氧化碳电化学转化利用效率以及能量循环利用率。

Electrolyzer

Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride aqueous solution

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Graphene and Preparation of Graphene

조성물은 복수의 박편을 포함하는 수소화된 및 탈수소화된 흑연을 포함한다. 10개 중 적어도 1개의 박편은 10 마이크로미터 2 초과의 크기를 갖는다. 예를 들어, 박편은 10개 원자 층 이하의 평균 두께를 가질 수 있다. The composition includes hydrogenated and dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes. At least one flake out of ten has a size greater than 10 micrometers 2 . For example, the flakes may have an average thickness of 10 atomic layers or less.

Electrode material

An electrode material consists of particles of diam. 0.3 - 25 mm which are either coated partially or totally with a mixt. of hydrophobic binding agent and electroconductive catalyst, or bound with frozen liquid mixt. of the prescribed materials. An electrolytic bath comprises anode and cathode with their own compartments, aq. electrolytic soln. supply, elecric device, and product withdrawing device. At least one of the electrodes are of the prescribed electrode material.

Method for producing metal hydroxides or alkaline metal carbonates

本发明涉及通过阳极溶解相应的金属并在水介质中沉淀氢氧化物或碱式碳酸盐制备金属氢氧化物或碱式金属碳酸盐的方法。金属组分的阳极溶解在三室电解池的阳极室中进行，向排列在阳极室和阴极室之间的并由多孔膜分开的中间室中加入助剂盐水溶液，从阳极室连续移出至少一种非碱金属盐溶液，同时从阴极室连续移出碱性助剂盐溶液。将该至少一种非碱性金属盐溶液和该碱性助剂盐溶液在电解池外合并以沉淀金属氢氧化物或碱式金属碳酸盐。

Discrete particulate bipolar reactor

An electrochemical bipolar reactor has numerous conductive particles held in a fixed relationship to one another with non-conductive material wedged between at least some of the particles to electrically insulate those particles from other particles. In one embodiment, the conductive particles are separated into discrete layers by layers of non-conductive material. In another embodiment, the conductive particles are each partially covered with a layer of non-conductive material. In either case, the non-conductive material is pervious so that electrolyte can readily contact the conductive particles. The reactor has a low void volume and current leakage is minimized. The reactor of the present invention is particularly suited to process high volume wastes and can be constructed easily without machine parts. Also, the reactor can be operated over a wide range of conditions.

Electrolytic process and apparatus

BIO-ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR OPTIMIZED, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE DEGRADATION OF THE CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF AN EFFLUENT

L'invention concerne un réacteur bio-électrochimique optimisé de traitement d’un effluent liquide contenant une pollution organique biodégradable. Selon l’invention, l’un au moins des compartiments anodique et cathodique du réacteur est un compartiment à biofilm microbien (12) comportant un collecteur de courant multi-étagé immergé dans un électrolyte comprenant des microorganismes électro-actifs. Ce collecteur de courant comprend au moins deux étages définissant chacun une chambre faisant office de contenant pour un matériau support granulaire biocompatible et laissant passer le fluide. L’effluent circule à l’intérieur du compartiment (12) suivant une direction X traversant les étages du collecteur de courant. En fonctionnement, le matériau support (17) est dans un état fluidisé résultant soit de la circulation de l’effluent, soit de la circulation d’un gaz de fluidisation permettant d’optimiser la surface active de l’électrode et par conséquent le traitement de l’effluent. Figure pour l’abrégé : figure 1 The invention relates to an optimized bio-electrochemical reactor for the treatment of a liquid effluent containing biodegradable organic pollution. According to the invention, at least one of the anode and cathode compartments of the reactor is a microbial biofilm compartment (12) comprising a multi-stage current collector immersed in an electrolyte comprising electro-active microorganisms. This current collector comprises at least two stages each defining a chamber acting as a container for a biocompatible granular support material and allowing the fluid to pass. The effluent circulates inside the compartment (12) in a direction X crossing the stages of the current collector. In operation, the support material (17) is in a fluidized state resulting either from the circulation of the effluent, or from the circulation of a fluidizing gas making it possible to optimize the active surface of the electrode and consequently the treatment. of the effluent. Figure ...

ELECTROLYSER FOR PURIFICATION OF SEWAGE

An electrolyser for cleaning the waste water comprises a cylindrical casing (1) connected to the negative pole of a power source, a cylindrical cassette (5) which is located in the casing (1), is filled with a charge (6) of a conductive material and is connected to the positive pole of the power source, a means for rotating the cassette (5) about its axis of symmetry, a diaphragm (10) of a dielectric material mounted on the surface of the cassette (5) and sleeves (3, 4) for inletting and outletting the waste water. The cassette (5) is loosely placed in the casing (1) so that its longitudinal axis of symmetry is parallel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the casing (1), said axis being oriented in relation to the horizontal at an angle smaller than 90 DEG .

ELECTROCEDOM CAMERA DEVICE FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH POROS FLOW ELECTRODE

METHOD AND INSTALLATION OF PERCOLATION ELECTROLYSIS THROUGH POROUS VOLUMIC ELECTRODES

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN PROCEDE ET UNE INSTALLATION D'ELECTROLYSE PAR PERCOLATION A TRAVERS AU MOINS UNE ELECTRODE VOLUMIQUE POREUSE, EN VUE DE REALISER UNE REACTION ELECTROCHIMIQUE. CE PROCEDE EST DU TYPE CONSISTANT A POLARISER ELECTRIQUEMENT CHAQUE ELECTRODE VOLUMIQUE CONSTITUEE PAR UN LIT CONDUCTEUR DE PARTICULES SOLIDES 2, ET A FAIRE CIRCULER A TRAVERS LADITE ELECTRODE VOLUMIQUE UN ELECTROLYTE LIQUIDE. LE PROCEDE CONFORME A L'INVENTION SE CARACTERISE EN CE QUE L'ON ENGENDRE UNE PULSATION PERIODIQUE DE L'ELECTROLYTE, TELLE QUE LES PARTICULES DU LIT FORMANT L'ELECTRODE VOLUMIQUE SOIENT MISES EN ETAT DE FLUIDISATION PENDANT UNE FRACTION DU CYCLE DE PULSATION ET DEMEURENT EN LIT FIXE PENDANT LE RESTANT DU CYCLE. LE PROCEDE SUPPRIME LES PHENOMENES DE COLMATAGE TOUT EN FOURNISSANT UN EXCELLENT COEFFICIENT DE TRANSFERT, SANS PERTURBER LA SELECTIVITE DE LA REACTION ELECTROCHIMIQUE. THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS AND AN ELECTROLYSIS PLANT BY PERCOLATION THROUGH AT LEAST ONE POROUS VOLUME ELECTRODE, WITH A VIEW TO CARRYING OUT AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION. THIS PROCESS IS OF THE TYPE CONSISTING OF ELECTRICALLY POLARIZING EACH VOLUME ELECTRODE CONSTITUTED BY A CONDUCTIVE BED OF SOLID PARTICLES 2, AND IN CIRCULATING THROUGH THE SAID VOLUME ELECTRODE A LIQUID ELECTROLYTE. THE PROCESS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INVENTION CHARACTERIZED IN THAT A PERIODIC PULSATION OF THE ELECTROLYTE IS GENERATED, SUCH THAT THE PARTICLES OF THE BED FORMING THE VOLUME ELECTRODE ARE SET IN A FLUIDIZATION STATE DURING A FRACTION OF THE PULSATION CYCLE AND REMAIN IN A FIXED BED FOR THE REMAINING CYCLE. THE PROCESS ELIMINATES THE PHENOMENA OF CLOGGING WHILE PROVIDING AN EXCELLENT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT, WITHOUT DISTURBING THE SELECTIVITY OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS BY SOLUBLE ANODE ELECTROLYSIS

Making a membrane with nanometric or angstromic porosity and double wall and/or double compartments, comprises internally reinforcing the membrane using high pressure asymmetrical mesh by rod-shaped nanostructures

The process of making a membrane with nanometric or angstromic porosity and double wall and/or double compartments, comprises internally reinforcing the membrane using high pressure asymmetrical mesh by rod-shaped nanostructures. The double wall and/or double compartments are reinforced at an interior with sticks, and has nanoparticles outside the impermeable membrane walls, deposited using a permeable gel. An independent claim is included for a membrane with nanometric or angstromic porosity and double wall and/or double compartments.

Patent FR2239288B1

New electrochemical reactor based on consumable anodes

An electrochemical reactor for organic syntheses comprises a tank (1) in which are alternately arranged electrodes of opposed polarity. The anodes (10) are consumable volume electrodes comprising a cassette (22) formed from two frames (23) each supporting a wall permeable to the electrolyte; the walls enclose a space which is filled with a granular easily oxidisable metallic material (31) in contact with a current distributor (28) within the cassette. Also claimed is the use of the reactor for dimerisation or carboxylation reactions of halogenated compounds RX, where the granular anode material is magnesium. R = alkyl, aryl or aralkyl; and X = halo.

Graphene and the production of graphene

Compositions comprising hydrogenated and dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes. At least one flake in ten has a size in excess of ten square micrometers. For example, the flakes can have an average thickness of 10 atomic layers or less.

POROUS ELECTRODE ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE AND METHOD.

Electrolyser for cleaning of waste water

An electrolyser for cleaning the waste water comprises a cylindrical casing (1) connected to the negative pole of a power source, a cylindrical cassette (5) which is located in the casing (1), is filled with a charge (6) of a conductive material and is connected to the positive pole of the power source, a means for rotating the cassette (5) about its axis of symmetry, a diaphragm (10) of a dielectric material mounted on the surface of the cassette (5) and sleeves (3, 4) for inletting and outletting the waste water. The cassette (5) is loosely placed in the casing (1) so that its longitudinal axis of symmetry is parallel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the casing (1), said axis being oriented in relation to the horizontal at an angle smaller than 90.

Membrane reactor

A membrane reactor used for electrochemically converting a carbon dioxide gas into an expected product includes a cavity, a solid electrolyte membrane separator, a cathode, an anode, and a fuel cell. The solid electrolyte membrane separator is disposed in the cavity and divides the cavity into two chambers defined as a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. The cathode is disposed in the cathode chamber, and the anode is disposed in the anode chamber. The fuel cell is disposed outside the cavity to provide an electrolytic voltage. The fuel cell includes a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, and a reaction product outlet. The expected product includes a hydrogen gas and an oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas used as a fuel is fed in the fuel inlet, and the oxygen gas used as an oxidant is fed in the oxidant inlet for the fuel cell to produce electrical power.

Graphene and the production of graphene

Compositions comprising hydrogenated and dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes. At least one flake in ten has a size in excess of ten square micrometers. For example, the flakes can have an average thickness of 10 atomic layers or less.

Patent JPS6229513B2

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION AND ELECTRODE FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR PERFORMING THIS PROCEDURE.

Fluid bed electrolysis cell

A fluidized bed electrolysis cell comprising one or more particulate electrodes provided with one or more current feeders carrying on their surfaces a protective film of valve metal oxide, and one or more diaphragms for separating the anode compartments from the cathode compartments in the cell.

Electrolytic cell

电解池，其包括阳极区中的阳极和阴极区中的阴极，所述阳极区和所述阴极区被离子选择性聚合物电解质膜隔开；阳极液与所述阳极以流动流体连通，所述阳极液包含水和氧化还原介体电对，在所述池的运行中所述氧化还原介体电对在所述阳极处被至少部分氧化，并且在所述阳极处的这种氧化后通过与水反应被至少部分还原。

Electrolytic cell and method for electrolysis

Изобретението се отнася до електролизна клетка запроизводство на разтвор натриев хипохлорит с активен хлор от солен разтвор. Обикновено се използватмножество клетки, снабдени със съоръжение за охлаждане на електролита. Клетката включва цилиндриченметален катод и по-малък цилиндричен метален анод, разположен в катода, при което се оформя пръстеновиден канал, през който преминава електролитът. Впредпочитани изпълнения пръстеновидният канал можеда е запълнен със специфичен материал, например въглен, за повишаване на повърхностния контакт, като между анода и катода може да има анионна мембрана за разделяне на пръстеновидния канал на две електродни пространства.

Apparatus and method for expanding graphite into graphene

Vorrichtung (1) zur Expansion von Graphit (2) zu Graphen (7) mit zumindest einem Behälter (10), welcher zur Aufnahme eines Elektrolyten vorgesehen ist, zumindest einer Anode (4) und zumindest einer Kathode (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kathode (3) Diamant enthält. Device (1) for expanding graphite (2) into graphene (7) with at least one container (10), which is provided for receiving an electrolyte, at least one anode (4) and at least one cathode (3), characterized in that the cathode (3) contains diamond.

ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCEDURE

Electrochemical process of coating using a fluidized bed

A METHOD OF PRODUCING PARTICLES HAVING THEREON A METAL SURFACE (OF SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM SHAPE) WHICH COMPRISES: (A) PROVIDING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WHICH INCLUDES A CATHODIC CHAMBER CONTAINING A QUANTITY OF (SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM) ELECTROPLATABLE PARTICLES FORMING A STATIC BED AT THE BASE OF SAID CHAMBER, SAID BASE INCORPORATING MEANS FOR PRODUCING UNIFORM FLOW OF LIQUID ACROSS THE AREA OF SAID CHAMBER UPON UPWARD FLOW OF LIQUID ELECTROLYTE TO ENTER SAID CHAMBER AT (B) CAUSING LIQUID ELECTROLYTE TO ENTER SAID CHAMBER AT THE BASE THEREOF, (C) CAUSING SAID LIQUID ELECTROLYTE ENTERING SAID CHAMBER TO FLOW THROUGH SAID BASE MEANS AND FLOW UPWARDLY IN SAID CHAMBER IN A VERTICAL DIRECTION AT A VELOCITY THAT CAUSE SAID STATIC BED OF PARTICLES TO EXPAND TO A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM DEPTH BY LEVITATION OF SAID PARTICLES SO THAT THE RESULTING FLUIDISED BED OCCUPIES A VOLUME (ABOUT 50%) GREATER THAN SAID STATIC BED. (D) ARRANGING FOR ELECTRODE MEANS TO CONTACT PARTICLES IN SAID FLUIDISED BED, AND (E) PASSING ELECTRIC CURRENT THROUGH SAID CELL VIA SAID ELECTRODE MEANS SO AS TO CATHODICALLY DEPOSIT METAL ON SAID PARTICLES.

Graphene and production of graphene

【課題】グラフェン、並びにグラファイトをグラフェンへと膨張させるための装置および方法を提供する。 【解決手段】カソードにおいて発生した水素がグラファイトの格子平面の間にインターカレートすること及び／又は前記グラファイト表面に化学的吸着することにより、前記グラファイトを電気化学的に膨張させ、前記グラファイトからグラフェンフレークを剥脱させることにより製造された、複数のフレークからなる脱水素化グラファイトを含む、組成物。前記フレークは１０個のうち少なくとも１個のサイズが１０平方マイクロメートル超え、１０原子層以下の平均厚さを有する。 【選択図】図１

ELECTROLYSIS

SET OF ELECTRODE AND POROUS DIAPHRAGM, ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM FLOW OF ANOLITE THROUGH A POROUS DIAPHRAGM OF A POROUS SELF-DRAINING ELECTROCHEMIC CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCEDURE, AS WELL AS ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR PERFORMING THE WORK

Electrolyzing process and electrolytic cell employing fluidized bed

Electrolytic cell - for mfr of quinol

Feedstock is benzol which is oxidised to p-quinone at the cathode and subsequently reduced to p-quinol at the anode. Electrolyte is dilute H2SO4 or H3PO4 in concs. 10% acid and 1:1 mixture with benzol. Operating temp. is about 25-40 degrees C. residence time 5-10 secs. and feed rate 10-100 l/sq. cm. of electrode. The cell is divided vertically by a diaphragm into approx. equal halves contg. lead electrodes at diametrically opposite sides and extending the whole height of the cell. Feedstock enters the bottom middle of each half and leaves at the top against from each half. The cell is packed with lead balls to distribute the electrolyte. The packing is in contact with the electrodes and being of the same material forms part of it and extends its area. It is recommended to change the polarity periodically to prevent formation of oxide layer on the packing.

Electrochemical cells

Patent FR2239288A1

Divided electrochemical cell and low cost high purity hydride gas prodcution process

본 발명은 분할된 전기화학 전지내에 산소가 실질적으로 없는 금속 M 1 의 하이드라이드 가스를 연속적으로 생성시키는 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 불투성 파티션 또는 불투성 파티션과 다공성 격막의 조합이 전기화학 전지를 분할하는데 사용될 수 있다. 분할된 전기화학 전지는 애노드 챔버와 캐소드 챔버를 지니며, 그러한 캐소드 챔버는 금속 M 1 을 포함하는 캐소드를 지니고, 애노드 챔버는 산소를 생성시킬 수 있는 애노드를 지니며, 전해질 수용액은 분할된 전기화학 전지를 부분적으로 충전시키는 금속 히드록사이드 M 2 OH를 포함한다. 캐소드 챔버에서 생성된 하이드라이드 가스와 애노드 챔버에서 생성된 산소는 독립된 출구를 통해서 제거된다. The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for continuously producing a hydride gas of metal M 1 substantially free of oxygen in a divided electrochemical cell. An opaque partition or a combination of an opaque partition and a porous diaphragm can be used to divide an electrochemical cell. The split electrochemical cell has an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, such a cathode chamber has a cathode comprising a metal M 1 , the anode chamber has an anode capable of producing oxygen, and the aqueous electrolyte solution is split electrochemical. Metal hydroxide M 2 OH, which partially charges the cell. The hydride gas produced in the cathode chamber and the oxygen produced in the anode chamber are removed through separate outlets.

Electrolytic cell and method for electrolysis

An electrolytic cell is provided for producing a sodium hypochlorite solutio n with active chlorine from brine. A plurality of the cells are typically employed with provision for cooling the electrolyte. The cell comprises a cylindrical metallic cathode with a smaller cylindrical metallic anode disposed within the cathode to define an annular passage through which the electrolyte passes. In preferred embodiments, the annular passage can contai n particulate material such as carbon to enhance surface contact, and an anion ic membrane can be provided between the anode and cathode to divide the annular passage into two chambers.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

Electrolyzer for the production of hydrogen

Fluidized bed electrode system utilizing embedded insulator auxiliary electrode

An auxiliary electrode for direct introduction into a static-or fluidized bed main electrode comprises a conductive base material selected from the group consisting of lead or lead alloys, and a non conductive screen material preferably made of a synthetic, organic fiber screen cloth partially embedded into the conductive base material so as to insulate the auxiliary electrode from the static-or fluidized-bed main electrode.

Photocatalytic water splitting with cobalt oxide / titania / palladium nanocomposite catalysts

Fotokatalysatoren und Verfahren von Verwenden derselben zum Herstellen von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff aus Wasser werden offenbart. Die Fotokatalysatoren schließen fotoaktives Titandioxid, beladen mit 0,5 Gew.-% bis 4 Gew.-% von einem locheinfangenden Material, umfassend Cobaltoxid, und 0,1 Gew.-% bis 1 Gew.-% Palladium (Pd) und/oder eine Pd/Co-Legierung ein. Photocatalysts and methods of using them to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water are disclosed. The photocatalysts include photoactive titanium dioxide loaded at 0.5 wt% to 4 wt% of a hole-trapping material comprising cobalt oxide, and 0.1 wt% to 1 wt% palladium (Pd) and / or a Pd / Co alloy.

PROCESS AND CELL FOR EXECUTION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES PARTICULARLY FOR ELECTROLYTIC OBTAINMENT OF METALS, ELECTROLYSIS IN GENERAL AND ELECTRO SYNTHESIS

Method and device for porous-electrode electrolysis.

La présente invention concerne une cellule d'électrolyse pour le traitement d'une solution par percolation en vue d'une réaction chimique, telle que la réduction cathodique d'un cation métallique. Cette cellule comprend par exemple un lit de particules (31) polarisé cathodiquement, une pluralité de contre-électrodes (33), disposées à la périphérie du lit de particules et polarisées anodiquement et une contre-électrode supplémentaire (38), polarisée anodiquement et disposée au centre du lit. Cette disposition permet de modifier le potentiel d'électrode au sein du lit, de façon à éviter les réactions électrochimiques parasites. The present invention relates to an electrolysis cell for the treatment of a solution by percolation with a view to a chemical reaction, such as the cathodic reduction of a metal cation. This cell comprises for example a bed of particles (31) polarized cathodically, a plurality of counter-electrodes (33), arranged at the periphery of the bed of particles and anodically polarized, and an additional counter electrode (38), anodically polarized and arranged in the center of the bed. This arrangement makes it possible to modify the electrode potential within the bed, so as to avoid parasitic electrochemical reactions.

Fluid bed electrolysis cell

A fluidized bed electrolysis cell comprising one or more particulate electrodes provided with one or more current feeders carrying on their surfaces a protective film of valve metal oxide.

METHOD FOR PERFORMING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION AND ELECTRODE FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS.

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS BY WHICH AN ELECTROLYT IS PASSED TO PASS AN ELECTROCAMMER INCLUDING A PARTICLE ELECTRODE, AND DEVICE FOR EXECUTING THE PROCESS

Membrane electro-catalytic system and process for obtaining fuel gas

An electro-catalytic membrane system for preparing fuel gas from water operates at normal levels of pressure and temperature. The system includes a high frequency power source, a power supply system, a programmable control unit, an electro-catalytic membrane module, and a module for processing the fuel gas. The electro-catalytic membrane module includes metallic electrodes in a concentric arrangement. The space between the concentric electrodes includes granular carbon and metallic particles. A fixed membrane is arranged at a lower end of the space while a mobile membrane is arranged at an upper end of the space. The electro-catalytic membrane module is further provided with sensors for measuring process parameters, conduits, and valves for supplying and removing liquids. A system for cooling the metallic electrodes is also provided.

Electrode material

A particle suitable for use as an electrode material comprising a substrate at least partially coated with an admixture of hydrophobic material and an electrochemically active, electrically conductive catalyst. The invention includes a method for producing the coated particles.

Electrolyzing device

Membrane electro-catalytic system and process for obtaining fuel gas from water

Process for the preparation of metal hydroxides or basic metal carbonates

Electrochemical direct production of graphene sheets from graphite minerals

ELECTROLYTIC CELL WITH MEMBRANE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

Electrochemical process

A kind of manufacturing method of Fe-based amorphous alloy catalytic reactor

一种铁基非晶合金催化反应器由反应器架和抽插式催化反应器组成，反应器架断面形状可为槽型、U形等结构，抽插式催化反应器由金属网包覆铁基非晶合金的片状颗粒制成，片状颗粒的具体成分为Fe35‑95 wt%，其余合金元素为可与铁一起电沉积的元素，如P、Co、Ni、Cr、Mo、W、Re等中的一种或多种元素的组合。反应器的生产方法，包括以下步骤：（1）抽插式催化反应器的制备工艺；（2）采用金属薄板或聚合物，制成反应器架；（3）把抽插式催化反应器置于反应器架的两固定板中，制成铁基非晶合金催化反应器。

Method for flanking many graphene

본 발명은 전기 화학 박리법으로 그래핀을 박리해내는 방법에 있어서, 전해질이 수용된 수조에 그라파이트 호일(graphite foil)을 설치하고 전극을 인가하되, 전극이 인가됨에 따라 전해질이 이온화되어 (-) 이온이 (+) 전극을 갖는 그라파이프 호일 측으로, (+) 이온은 (-) 전극을 갖는 그라파이트 호일 측으로 인터칼레이션(intercalation)됨에 따라 그라파이트를 박리시켜 그래핀을 제조하는 방법에 있어서, 공급되는 전극을 AC전력으로 구성하여, 2개의 그라파이트를 통해 전력을 전해질로 공급하되, 2개의 그라파이트 호일에 대하여 (-) 및 (+) 전극을 바꾸어줌에 따라, 2개의 그라파이트 호일에서 각각 그래핀의 박리가 수행되어, 다량으로 그래핀을 박리시킬 수 있는, 다량의 그래핀 박리 방법에 관한 것이다. 또한, 본 발명은 수조에 수용된 전해질에 피렌 부티르 산(PBA, pyrene butyric acid)을 더 포함시키고 수조 내부의 온도를 조절함으로써, 그래핀이 박리되어 수조 내의 전해질에 침전됨과 동시에 기능기화될 수 있도록 하는, 다량의 그래핀 박리 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention provides a method for peeling off graphene by an electrochemical peeling method, The graphite foil is installed in the bath containing the electrolyte and the electrode is applied. The electrode is ionized as the electrode is applied, and the negative ions move toward the graphite foil having the positive electrode. -) In the method for producing graphene by peeling the graphite as it is intercalated to the graphite foil side having an electrode, The supplied electrode is composed of AC power, and the power is supplied to the electrolyte through two graphites, and the two graphene foils each have a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The present invention relates to a large amount of graphene exfoliation method, in which exfoliation is performed to enable exfoliation of graphene in a large amount. In addition, the present invention further comprises pyrene butyric acid (PBA) in the electrolyte contained in the tank and by adjusting the temperature inside the tank, so that the graphene can be separated and precipitated in the electrolyte in the tank and at the same time functionalized It relates to a large amount of graphene peeling method.

System and sub-systems for production and use of hydrogen

A method for optimizing the efficiency of a solar powered hydrogen generation system is disclosed. The system utilizes photovoltaic modules and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer to split water into hydrogen and oxygen with an efficiency greater than 12%. This high efficiency for the solar powered electrolysis of water was obtained by matching the voltage generated by photovoltaic modules to the operating voltage of the electrolyzer. Optimizing PV-electrolysis systems makes solar generated hydrogen less expensive and more practical for use as an environmentally clean and renewable fuel.

Electrode assembly and electrolyser

The present invention relates to an electrode assembly and an electrolyser using one or more of said assemblies, in particular the present invention provides an electrode assembly for the production of hydrogen comprising: i) an anode structure which comprises an anode located within an electrolysis compartment, ii) a cathode structure which comprises a cathode located within an electrolysis compartment containing a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, characterised in that the cathode comprises: a) An electrically conductive metal substrate, and b) An electrocatalytic layer on the substrate and comprising a. at least one metal selected from platinum group metals, rhenium, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum and b. at least 50% by volume of an electrically conductive support material,wherein the electrically conductive support material is formed from particles having an average particle size of less than 5 microns (5 µm) and which are not metallic particles.

Electrolytic cell and method for electrolysis

提供了一种由盐水制造具有活性氯的次氯酸钠溶液的电解池。通常采用多个电解池，并设置对电解液进行冷却的设备。电解池包括圆柱形的金属阴极和小一点的布置在所述阴极内的圆柱形金属阳极，由此限定出了电解液通过的环形通道。在优选实施例中，环形通道含有诸如碳那样的粒状材料，用以增加表面接触，在阳极与阳极之间设置了阴离子薄膜，用以将环形通道分成两个腔。

FLOW BED ELECTRODE SYSTEM

Graphene and the production of graphene

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS

Carbonized charcoal electrode

An apparatus (1) for use of carbonized charcoal powder as an electrode is provided. Charcoal is provided as a powder, carbonized, and placed in a container (16) by which compressive pressure is applied to the carbonized-charcoal powder via one or more sides of the container (16). As a result of the compressive pressure the packed-bed (11) of carbonized-charcoal powder manifests a resistivity of less than about 1 ohm-cm and is suitable for use as an electrode in a fuel cell, battery or electrolyzer. The apparatus is adapted with electrical contacts (8, 9, 10) to conduct electric flow to or from the electrode and adapted for communication of an electrolyte with the electrode.

ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR WITH CONSUMABLE VOLUME ANODE FOR ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

Reduced graphene oxide-funtional material complex and production method thereof

본 발명의 환원된 산화그래핀의 제조방법은, 산화그래핀을 용매에 분산시켜 산화그래핀 분산액을 형성하는 단계; 상기 산화그래핀 분산액에 소정 용액을 공급하여 산화그래핀 혼합액을 형성하는 단계; 상기 산화그래핀 혼합액을 도전체에 도포하고 소정 온도로 건조하여 산화그래핀 박막을 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 산화그래핀 박막이 형성된 도전체를 35 내지 70 ℃의 범위인 전해질에 담지시키고 전기화학적으로 환원시켜 환원된 산화그래핀을 형성하는 단계를 포함한다. The method for preparing the reduced graphene oxide of the present invention comprises: dispersing graphene oxide in a solvent to form a graphene oxide dispersion; Supplying a predetermined solution to the graphene oxide dispersion to form a graphene oxide mixed solution; Forming a graphene oxide thin film by applying the graphene oxide mixed solution to a conductor and drying it to a predetermined temperature; And forming a reduced graphene oxide by supporting the conductor on which the graphene oxide thin film is formed in an electrolyte in the range of 35 to 70° C. and electrochemically reducing it.

Patent FR2239287A1

Electrochemical cell

Method of preparing electrocatalyst for an oxygen depolarized cathode electrolytic cell

Disclosed is a method of preparing a cathodic electrocatalyst where the cathode is a bed of porous particles having HO 2 - disproportionation catalyst dispersed on the surfaces and pores thereof.

ELEKTROKEMISK PROCESS OCH CELL FOER UTFOERANDE AV PROCESSEN

Electrolytic cell with minimum cathode-anode distance - uses an ion exchange membrane as separator and has inter:electrode gap filled with conductive particles

The space between the electrodes in an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode compartments sepd. by an ion exchange membrane, and a current source, is reduced by providing a static layer of conductive material in particle form between the wals of the cathode compartment and the membrane through which electric current is passed. The membrane contacts the anode on one side and the conductive particles on th eother, the latter exerting a pressure on the anode through the membrane. Electrolysis is effected with improved efficiency and increased energy yield. The cell is suitable for electrolysis of alkali metal halide solns., etc.

Reduced graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide-functional material complex, and manufacturing method thereof

A method for manufacturing a reduced graphene oxide, including: dispersing a graphene oxide in a solvent to form a graphene oxide dispersion; supplying a predetermined solution to the graphene oxide dispersion to form a graphene oxide mixture; applying the graphene oxide mixture to a conductor and drying the same at a predetermined temperature to form a graphene oxide thin film; and dipping the conductor on which the graphene oxide thin film is formed in an electrolyte having a temperature ranging from 35 to 70℃ and electrochemically reducing to form a reduced graphene oxide.

Integrated photoelectrochemical device for concentrated irradiation

Dispositivo fotoelectroquímico (1) para la producción de un gas, líquido o sólido mediante irradiación electromagnética concentrada, comprendiendo dicho dispositivo: - un dispositivo fotovoltaico (PV) que comprende uniones únicas o múltiples y configurado para generar portadores de carga a partir de la irradiación electromagnética concentrada; y - un dispositivo electroquímico (EC) configurado para realizar la electrólisis de un reactivo; en el que el dispositivo fotovoltaico (PV) entra en contacto con el dispositivo electroquímico (EC) en una interfaz sólida para formar un dispositivo fotoelectroquímico integrado; y además incluye al menos un canal de reactivo (5) o una pluralidad de canales de reactivo (5) que se extienden fluidamente entre el dispositivo fotovoltaico (PV) y el dispositivo electroquímico (EC) para transferir energía térmica y el reactivo desde el dispositivo fotovoltaico (PV) hasta el dispositivo electroquímico (EC), caracterizado por que el dispositivo fotoelectroquímico (1) incluye además un interruptor mecánico o electrónico configurado para evitar el flujo de portadores de carga desde el dispositivo fotovoltaico (PV) hasta el dispositivo electroquímico (EC), siendo el flujo de portadores de carga para la electrólisis del reactivo o una reacción electroquímica en el dispositivo electroquímico (EC).