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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 5210. Отображено 100.
15-11-2019 дата публикации

Вакуумный ковш для расплавленного магния

Номер: RU0000193804U1
Автор: Алексей Борисович Танкеев, Андрей Геннадьевич Калмыков, Михаил Юрьевич Шандиков, Татьяна Александровна Гладикова
Принадлежит: Публичное Акционерное Общество "Корпорация Всмпо-Ависма"

Полезная модель относится к цветной металлургии, в частности к устройствам для выборки, транспортировки и слива расплавленного магния, например вакуумных ковшей. Вакуумный ковш для расплавленного магния включает цилиндрическую емкость, в которую установлен металлический тигель, съемную крышку с патрубком для вакуумирования, шток, введенный через съемную крышку, запорное устройство, летку. Соотношение диаметра металлического тигля к его высоте равно 0,6:(0,8-0,96). На наружной поверхности металлического тигля дополнительно расположены кольцевые ребра, жестко прикрепленные к ней. При этом кольцевые ребра выполнены из листовой стали толщиной 0,7-0,9 толщины стенки металлического тигля и жестко прикреплены к наружной поверхности в нижней, средней и верхней части металлического тигля. Полость между цилиндрической емкостью и металлическим тиглем заполнена теплоизоляционным материалом, прикрепленным к внутренней поверхности цилиндрической емкости, причем толщина слоя теплоизоляционного материала составляет 0,15-0,35 диаметра металлического тигля. В качестве теплоизоляционного материала использован волокнистый материал плотностью не более 200 кг/м. Предложенная конструкция вакуумного ковша для расплавленного магния позволит повысить срок его службы, уменьшить теплопотери, исключить кристаллизацию расплавленного магния во время транспортировки. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 2 примера. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 193 804 U1 (51) МПК B22D 41/12 (2006.01) C25C 3/04 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B22D 41/12 (2019.08); C25C 3/04 (2019.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2019128487, 10.09.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 15.11.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 15.11.2019 Бюл. № 32 1 9 3 8 0 4 R U (54) ВАКУУМНЫЙ КОВШ ДЛЯ РАСПЛАВЛЕННОГО МАГНИЯ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к цветной жестко прикреплены к наружной поверхности в металлургии, в частности к устройствам для нижней, ...

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Номер записи: 1
01-03-2012 дата публикации

Device for collecting the solid debris in the bath and the molten metal of an electrolytic pot designed for the production of aluminum, by scraping of the bottom of said pot

Номер: US20120047668A1
Автор: Arnaud Wattel, Stéphane David
Принадлежит: ECL SAS

Collection unit, in particular a crust shovel designed to clean the anode holes, including a mobile vertical mast actuated by a first actuator, a frame fixed onto said mobile vertical mast and at least one articulated bucket, characterized in that said first actuator is at least one hydraulic jack fed by an hydraulic system arranged so that, at least when a second actuator actuates said bucket, the oil pressure in the chamber on the rod side is maintained at a substantially constant value making it possible to support a load corresponding to the weight of said collection unit, less a load of predetermined value, preferably lower than 1000 daN, and typically ranging between 200 and 600 daN. Advantageously, the portion of circuit feeding said chamber on the rod side is provided with a pressure regulator. With such a device, the debris may be collected by scraping the bottom of the cell without damaging it.

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Номер записи: 2
06-09-2012 дата публикации

Composition for making wettable cathode in aluminum smelting

Номер: US20120222964A1
Автор: Brian J. Tielsch, Douglas A. Weirauch, Jr., Lance M. Sworts, Robert A. DiMilia
Принадлежит: Alcoa Inc

Compositions for making wettable cathodes to be used in aluminum electrolysis cells are disclosed. The compositions generally include titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) and metal additives. The amount of selected metal additives may result in production of electrodes having a tailored density and/or porosity. The electrodes may be durable and used in aluminum electrolysis cells.

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Номер записи: 3
04-10-2012 дата публикации

Process for changing a spent anode and support and system for the temporary storage of such a spent anode

Номер: US20120246923A1
Автор: Christian Cloue, John MacLeod, Maxime Faure
Принадлежит: Rio Tinto Alcan International Ltd

The process involves pouring a smothering powder onto a spent anode placed on a support to cover it, with the aim of limiting fluorinated gas emission by the anode. The support may include a temporary tank, pre-filled with powder and provided with an opening for discharging the powder towards the anode on the support.

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Номер записи: 4
07-02-2013 дата публикации

Multipolar Magnesium Cell

Номер: US20130032487A1
Автор: Olivo Sivilotti
Принадлежит: Individual

Molten metal is continuously produced by electrolysis of a molten electrolyte which is denser than the metal in an electrolytic multipolar cell characterized by a high and stable current efficiency. Molten metal droplets are separated from the circulating electrolyte along a set of horizontal channels of gravity settlers disposed between the electrolysis chamber and the metal collecting chamber. Thereafter the metal rises to and floats on the surface of the electrolyte in the metal collection chamber, is conveyed to a metal collecting reservoir immersed in the electrolyte and periodically removed to maintain the cell in continuous operation. The coalescence of the metal droplets is enhanced by sealing the cell to prevent ingress of air into the chlorine room and into the front compartment. The sealing is obtained by lowering the joint between the covers and the cell walls to levels close to the electrolyte level and by using large impervious ceramic tiles in the lowered joint, in the barrier wall between the chlorine room and the front compartment and as a cladding of the walls of the cover of the electrolysis chamber and by cladding the exposed graphite surfaces with a gas barrier foil. The barrier wall and other consumable components are removable without emptying the cell, for an increased campaign life. Surplus heat is controllably and safely extracted from the electrolyte in a recoverable way by a set of evaporative heat extraction devices immersed in the electrolyte across the circulating stream.

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Номер записи: 5
21-02-2013 дата публикации

Upgrading Platform Using Alkali Metals

Номер: US20130043160A1
Автор: John Howard Gordon
Принадлежит: Ceramatec Inc

A process for removing sulfur, nitrogen or metals from an oil feedstock (such as heavy oil, bitumen, shale oil, etc.) The method involves reacting the oil feedstock with an alkali metal and a radical capping substance. The alkali metal reacts with the metal, sulfur or nitrogen content to form one or more inorganic products and the radical capping substance reacts with the carbon and hydrogen content to form a hydrocarbon phase. The inorganic products may then be separated out from the hydrocarbon phase.

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Номер записи: 6
09-05-2013 дата публикации

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CELL HAVING CATHODE CARBON BLOCK WITH COLUMNAR PROTRUSIONS EMBEDDED ON ITS UPPER SURFACE

Номер: US20130112549A1
Автор: Feng Naixiang
Принадлежит: SHENYANG BEIYE METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

An aluminum electrolytic cell having cathode carbon block with columnar protrusions embedded on its upper surface is disclosed. The columnar protrusions are arranged into two rows or three rows in the length direction of the upper surface of the carbon block. Two adjacent rows of columnar protrusions are crisscross arranged, and the columnar protrusions of the cathode carbon block are immersed in the aluminum liquid. The pot holes in the positions of the cathode carbon block substrate and the upper surface of the cathode carbon block substrate where columnar protrusions are embedded can be one-step molded by vibration molding or compression molding, and can be made by machining as well. 1. An aluminum electrolytic cell having cathode carbon block with columnar protrusions embedded on its upper surface , comprising:cathode carbon blocks,wherein each cathode carbon block comprising a cathode carbon block substrate and a plurality of columnar protrusions on a surface of the cathode carbon block; the cathode carbon block substrate is cuboid, the upper surface of the cathode carbon block substrate is provided with grooves, the columnar protrusions are embedded on the upper surface of the cathode carbon block substrate by the grooves, and a graphite paste is filled between the columnar protrusions and the cathode carbon block substrate; the columnar protrusions are cuboid or cylindrical and are arranged into two rows or three rows in a length direction of the upper surface of the cathode carbon block substrate, two adjacent rows of columnar protrusions are crisscross arranged, all the columnar protrusions of the cathode carbon block are immersed into an aluminum liquid, and the aluminum liquid level is higher than the upper surface of the columnar protrusions.2. A preparation method of an aluminum electrolytic cell having cathode carbon block with columnar protrusions embedded on its upper surface as claimed in claim 1 , comprising: 1) machining: circular pot holes of 5- ...

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Номер записи: 7
20-06-2013 дата публикации

Extraction of Liquid Elements by Electrolysis of Oxides

Номер: US20130153434A1
Автор: Antoine Allanore, Donald R. Sadoway
Принадлежит: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

An electrolytic extraction method wins a target element from an oxide feedstock compound thereof. The feedstock compound is dissolved in an oxide melt in contact with a cathode and an anode in an electrolytic cell. During electrolysis the target element is deposited at a liquid cathode and coalesces therewith. Oxygen is evolved on an anode bearing a solid oxide layer, in contact with the oxide melt, over a metallic anode substrate.

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Номер записи: 8
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Cell Bottom Structure of Reduction Cell

Номер: US20130186749A1
Автор: Bao Chongai, Cao Bin, HUANG JUN, Xi Canming, Yang Tao, Yang Yi, Yang Zhaohong, ZHENG Pu
Принадлежит: CHINA ALUMINUM INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED

The present invention discloses a cell bottom structure of a reduction cell which comprises a reduction cell and a cathode bus, wherein the bottom of the reduction cell is provided with column-shaped cathode carbon blocks perpendicular to the bottom of the reduction cell, and a lower end of the column-shaped cathode carbon block is connected to the cathode bus. By means of inserting the column-shaped cathode carbon blocks perpendicular to the bottom of the reduction cell and connecting the lower end of the column-shaped cathode carbon block with the cathode bus, such that electrical current that guided from anode carbon blocks is guided through the molten aluminum to the column-shaped cathode carbon blocks and is downwardly guided out, the present invention reduces horizontal electrical current in the molten aluminum, such that the cathode extending into the molten aluminum can effectively reduce fluctuations of the molten aluminum to obtain a stable surface of the molten aluminum, thereby reducing a polar distance between a cathode and an anode and lowering cell voltage so as to achieve the object of lowering electricity consumption. 11213132. A cell bottom structure of a reduction cell comprising a reduction cell () and a cathode bus () , characterized in that the bottom of the reduction cell () is provided with column-shaped cathode carbon blocks () perpendicular to the bottom of the reduction cell () , and that a lower end of the column-shaped cathode carbon block () is connected to the cathode bus ().234. The cell bottom structure of a reduction cell according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the column-shaped cathode carbon blocks () are located below anode carbon blocks ().334. The cell bottom structure of a reduction cell according to claim 2 , characterized in that: there is/are 1˜4 column-shaped cathode carbon blocks () provided below each anode carbon block ().431. The cell bottom structure of a reduction cell according to claim 1 , characterized in ...

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Номер записи: 9
08-08-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROL OF SIDE LAYER FORMATION IN AN ALUMINIUM ELECTROLYSIS CELL

Номер: US20130199938A1
Автор: Salvador John Paul, Sedlak Veroslav
Принадлежит:

A system and method is provided for control of layer formation by use of sidelining provided with heat tube. 1101112. System for use for control of layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell and exploitation of heat comprising sidelining ( , ) provided with at least one hollow for heat transfer and at least one heat tube () ,{'b': 12', '10', '11, 'characterized in that the heat tube () is provided by the hollow and that the hollow is at least one canal provided along the surface of the sidelining (, ).'}212. System according to claim 1 , characterized in that the heat tube () is a heat pipe.312. System according to claim 1 , characterized in that the heat tube () is a thermosyphon.4101112121011. Method for control of layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell and exploitation of heat comprising sidelining ( claim 1 , ) provided with at least one hollow for heat transfer and with at least one heat tube () wherein the heat tube () is provided by the hollow and that the hollow is at least one canal provided along the surface of the sidelining ( claim 1 , ) claim 1 ,characterized in conducting the heat away using said at least one heat tube. 1. Field of the inventionThe invention regards heat regulation in general and particularly method and system for use for control of layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell and exploitation of heat.1. Background informationDuring production of aluminium with electrolysis technology of today based on so called Hall-Heroult cells, the operations of the cells depend on the formation and maintenance of a protective layer of frozen electrolyte in the side walls of the cell. This frozen bath is called side layer and protects the side lining of the cells against chemical and mechanical wear, and is an essential condition for achieving long lifetime of the cells. The crystallized bath operates simultaneously as a buffer for the cell with regards of changes in the heat balance. During operations the heat generation and ...

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Номер записи: 10
29-08-2013 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF SPECIALTY ALUMINUM ALLOYS USING PARTITION OF FEED IMPURITIES

Номер: US20130220823A1
Автор: Cannova Frank R., Das Subodh K., Jha Gyan, Sadler Barry A.
Принадлежит:

A series of inventions leading to the production of specific aluminum alloys (especially aluminum beverage can sheet product) through novel approach of introducing, selectively partitioning and managing alloying elements. This invention also enables manufacturing practices to enhance the performance characteristics of aluminum alloys produced. The selected elements can be derived from carbon anodes made from calcined petroleum coke with high metallic contents (such as nickel and vanadium). Alloying elements can also be introduced and managed from other raw material such as alumina and bath constituents added during aluminum smelting process. Additionally, cell operating parameters, such as cell temperature, off gas flow rate, aluminum tapping rate and impurity partition characteristics can also be manipulated to produce low cost aluminum alloys and facilitate utilization of high metallic content calcined petroleum coke. 2. The method according to wherein the primary alumina comprises 0.005 to 0.025 wt. % vanadium.3. The method according to wherein the anode is made from calcined petroleum coke comprising vanadium at 0.035 to 0.1 ppm.4. The method according to wherein the anode is made from calcined petroleum coke comprising nickel at 0.02 to 0.8 ppm.5. The method according to wherein fine particles containing vanadium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , and nickel are separated from the secondary alumina after dry scrubbing and fed to a specific cell or cells to produce high vanadium aluminum.6. The method according to wherein there is a plurality of donor cells.7. The method according to wherein all the vanadium is introduced through the alumina claim 1 , the anode claim 1 , or the electrolyte and is not added as raw elemental V.9. The method according to wherein the anode is made from calcined petroleum coke comprising vanadium at 0.035 to 0.1 ppm.10. The method according to wherein the anode is made from calcined petroleum coke comprising nickel at 0.02 ...

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Номер записи: 11
12-09-2013 дата публикации

Replaceable Cathode Choking Devices of Aluminum Reduction Cell

Номер: US20130233704A1
Автор: Xi Canming, Yang Yi, ZHENG Pu
Принадлежит: CHINA ALUMINUM INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED

The present invention discloses replaceable cathode choking devices of an aluminum reduction cell which comprises cathode carbon blocks and cathode choking devices placed at the bottom of the aluminum reduction cell. The cathode choking devices are placed on surfaces of the cathode carbon blocks. The cathode choking devices are made of mullite, spinel or zirconite which is high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant and of high specific gravity. The cathode choking devices have a cross-section of semicircular, arc or streamline shape. The cathode choking devices have a height of 50-150 mm and a width of 100-300 mm. The cathode choking devices are elongated block-shaped. The cathode choking devices are placed in a direction along a long side of a cathode of the reduction cell, wherein one or more cathode choking devices are placed as a group. The present invention can better improve the stability of molten aluminum-electrolyte interface within the aluminum reduction cell, decrease the polar distance effectively during normal production and achieve a lower operating voltage of the reduction cell, thereby realize the effect of energy saving and consumption reduction. 11222. Replaceable cathode choking devices of an aluminum reduction cell comprising cathode carbon blocks () and cathode choking devices () placed at the bottom of the aluminum reduction cell , characterized in that the cathode choking devices () are placed on surfaces of the cathode carbon blocks , and that the cathode choking devices () are made of mullite , spinel or zirconite which is high temperature resistant , corrosion resistant and of high specific gravity.22. The replaceable cathode choking devices of an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the cathode choking devices () have a cross-section of semicircular claim 1 , arc or streamline shape.3. The replaceable cathode choking devices of an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1 , characterized in that: ...

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Номер записи: 12
07-11-2013 дата публикации

RECYCLED POT GAS POT DISTRIBUTION

Номер: US20130292258A1
Автор: BJARNO Odd E., Sorhuus Anders K., Wedde Geir
Принадлежит: ALSTOM Technology Ltd

An aluminium production electrolytic cell () comprises a bath () with bath contents (), at least one cathode electrode () in contact with said contents (), at least one anode electrode () in contact with said contents (), and a hood (), defining interior area (), covering at least a portion of said bath (). The electrolytic cell () is equipped for effluent gases to be drawn from said interior area (). The electrolytic cell () also comprises at least one heat exchanger () for cooling at least a portion of the gases drawn from interior area (), prior to circulation thereof to interior area () through at least one distribution device (). 1. A method of ventilating an aluminium production electrolytic cell comprising:drawing gases from an interior area of an electrolytic cell hood,cooling at least a portion of said gases to form cool gases, andcirculating at least a portion of said cool gases to the interior area through one or more distribution devices.2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising circulating 10% to 80% of a total volume of gases drawn from the interior area back to the interior area after cooling.3. A method according to claim 1 , further comprisingcooling the full volume of gases drawn from the interior area using a first heat exchanger,drawing from the first heat exchanger a portion of cooled gases,circulating at least a portion of said portion of cooled gases to a second heat exchanger for further cooling of gases to obtain cooler gases, andcirculating at least a portion of said cooler gases to the interior area through distribution devices.4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein a cooling fluid is first passed through the second heat exchanger and then passed through the first heat exchanger.5. A method according to claim 3 , wherein said cooled gases or said cooler gases first circulate through a gas treatment unit to remove at least some hydrogen flouride gas from the gases before circulation to the interior area.6. A method according ...

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Номер записи: 13
12-12-2013 дата публикации

Method and system for electrolytically reducing a solid feedstock

Номер: US20130327653A1
Автор: Allen Richard Wright, Peter G. Dudley
Принадлежит: Metalysis Ltd

In a method of electrolytically reducing a solid feedstock, for example a solid metal oxide feedstock, an electrode module is positioned in a first position to be loaded with the feedstock. The loaded module is then transferred from the first position and engaged with an electrolysis chamber containing a molten salt. A voltage is applied to the electrode module to reduce the solid feedstock. The loaded module may be transferred within a transfer module.

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Номер записи: 14
30-01-2014 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN ALKALI METAL

Номер: US20140027300A1
Автор: Dürr Anna Katharina, Freitag Katrin, Geyer Karolin, Huber Günther, Voges Susanna, Zerpa Unda Jesus Enrique
Принадлежит: BASF SE

Process for preparing an alkali metal from a salt of the alkali metal which is soluble in a solvent, including a first electrolysis, a concentration, and a second electrolysis. The first electrolysis produces a product mixture. This product mixture is then concentrated to give a largely solvent-free alkali metal (poly)sulfide melt. A second electrolysis at a temperature above the melting point of the alkali metal is then performed in a second electrolysis cell comprising an anode space and a cathode space, separated by a solid electrolyte which conducts alkali metal cations. The alkali metal (poly)sulfide melt from the concentration step is fed to the anode space. Sulfur is removed from the anode space and liquid alkali metal is removed from the cathode space. 114.-. (canceled)15. A process for preparing an alkali metal from a salt of the alkali metal which is soluble in a solvent , said process comprising(a) carrying out a first electrolysis in a first electrolysis cell comprising an anode space and a cathode space, where the anode space and the cathode space of the first electrolysis cell are separated by a membrane which is permeable to alkali metal cations, wherein the salt of the alkali metal dissolved in a first solvent is fed to the anode space and a suspension comprising sulfur and a second solvent is fed to the cathode space, and wherein a mixture comprising the second solvent, the alkali metal cations, (poly)sulfide anions, and further ionic sulfur compounds, is taken off from the cathode space,(b) concentrating the mixture comprising the second solvent, the alkali metal cations, the (poly)sulfide anions, and the further ionic sulfur compounds, which is taken off from the cathode space, to give a largely solvent-free alkali metal (poly)sulfide melt,(c) carrying out a second electrolysis at a temperature above the melting point of the alkali metal in a second electrolysis cell comprising an anode space and a cathode space, where the anode space and the ...

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Номер записи: 15
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Seal assemblies for cathode collector bars

Номер: US20140042021A1
Автор: Tony G. Carroll
Принадлежит: Mid Mountain Materials Inc

The cathode collector bar end portion extending through a window in a sidewall of an electrolytic cell for refining aluminum is snugly received in a central opening of a seal assembly. Such seal assembly maintains a hermetic seal preventing ingress of air through the sidewall window while permitting longitudinal (horizontal) movement of the collector bar and also movement in a vertical plane (side to side, or up and down, or diagonally) which can be caused by changing heat conditions inside the cell.

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Номер записи: 16
13-03-2014 дата публикации

CURRENT COLLECTOR BAR APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

Номер: US20140069820A1
Автор: "DAstolfo Leroy E.", Beeler Richard M.
Принадлежит: ALCOA INC.

The instant disclosure provides an electrolysis cell, which includes: an anode; a cathode block; and a current collector bar configured to be at least partially disposed adjacent to and in electrical communication with the cathode block, wherein the bar comprises: at least one sidewall; an inner void enclosed by the sidewall; and an expandable material retained in the inner void via the at least one sidewall, wherein the expandable material is configured to exert pressure on the wall of the inner void while the bar is at operating temperature, such that the bar is conformed to the cathode block. 1. An electrolysis cell , comprising:an anode;at least one cathode block; anda current collector bar configured to be at least partially disposed adjacent to and in electrical communication with the cathode block, wherein the current collector bar comprises:at least one sidewall;an inner void enclosed by the sidewall; andan expandable material retained in the inner void via the at least one sidewall,wherein the expandable material is configured to exert pressure on the wall of the inner void while the collector bar is at operating temperature, such that the collector bar is conformed to the cathode block.2. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , further wherein the expandable material is selected from the group consisting of: a gas claim 1 , an inert gas claim 1 , a phase change material claim 1 , MgCO claim 1 , CaCO claim 1 , a degrading material claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The electrolysis cell of claim 2 , further wherein the expandable material undergoes a phase change at a temperature exceeding about 100° C. to evolve a gas.4. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sidewall comprises a seal.5. The electrolysis cell of claim 4 , further wherein the seal comprises a weld claim 4 , a mechanical fastener claim 4 , an adhesive claim 4 , a bolt claim 4 , a rivet claim 4 , and combinations thereof.6. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 17
20-03-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND CATHODE WITH IRREGULAR SURFACE PROFILING

Номер: US20140076723A1
Автор: FROMMELT THOMAS, HILTMANN FRANK
Принадлежит: SGL CARBON SE

An electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum has a liquid aluminum layer on a cathode, a melt layer on the liquid aluminum, and an anode above the melt layer. An upper side of the cathode has surface profiling with two or more elevations provided at at least two of the twenty points of the surface of the upper side of the cathode vertically beneath those regions of the boundary surface between the layer of liquid aluminum and the melt layer in which peaks with the twenty highest maxima are present in the distribution of a reference wave formation potential in the boundary surface. The reference wave formation potential is defined as the wave formation potential which, when the electrolysis cell is operated with a reference cathode without surface profiling is present at a point in the boundary surface between the layer of liquid aluminum and the melt layer. 1. An electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum , comprising:a cathode having an upper side formed with a surface profiling of two or more elevations;during an operation of the electrolysis cell, a layer of liquid aluminum on said upper side of said cathode, a melt layer on the layer of liquid aluminum, and an anode above the melt layer;said surface profiling of said cathode being configured and disposed in such a way that an elevation is in each case provided at two or more of twenty points of a surface of said upper side of said cathode that are in each case disposed vertically beneath those regions of a boundary surface between the layer of liquid aluminum and the melt layer in which peaks with the twenty highest maximum values are present in a distribution of a reference wave formation potential present in the boundary surface;the reference wave formation potential being defined as a wave formation potential which, during the operation of the electrolysis cell with a reference cathode having no surface profiling being used instead of said cathode with said surface profiling, but having an ...

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Номер записи: 18
20-03-2014 дата публикации

DRY CELL START-UP OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL FOR ALUMINUM PRODUCTION

Номер: US20140076733A1
Автор: Cayouette Robert, Laplante François
Принадлежит: RIO TINTO ALCAN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

A method for starting up an electrolytic cell () for aluminum production having a cathode block () with an upper surface (), the method comprising: disposing contact resistance material () over the upper surface () of the cathode block (); lowering a plurality of anodes () to abut the contact resistance material (); filling the electrolytic cell () and covering the anodes () with solid electrolyte material () comprising crushed electrolytic bath material, cryolite, or mixtures thereof; delivering electrical current to the anodes () to at least partially melt the solid electrolyte material () and raising the anodes () when a predetermined depth of molten electrolyte material has been reached. 1. A method for starting up an electrolytic cell for aluminum production , the electrolytic cell having a cathode block with an upper surface , the method comprising:disposing contact resistance material on said upper surface of the cathode block;lowering a plurality of anodes to abut the contact resistance material;filling the electrolytic cell to a height covering the anodes with solid electrolyte material, the solid electrolyte material comprising crushed electrolytic bath material, cryolite, or mixtures thereof;delivering electrical current to the anodes to at least partially melt the solid electrolyte material; andraising the anodes away from the cathode block when a predetermined depth of molten electrolyte material has been reached.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the contact resistance material is discontinuously disposed at predetermined positions on said upper surface of the cathode block.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the anodes are raised gradually until the anodes reach a pre-determined height above the upper surface of the cathode block.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic cell is filled with the solid electrolyte material and the anodes are covered by the solid electrolyte material before electrical current is ...

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Номер записи: 19
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Systems and methods for stereoscopic imaging of aluminum electrolysis pot tending operations

Номер: US20140090984A1
Автор: Gilles Dufour, Harold FRENETTE, Jean-Pierre Gagné, Rene TRUDEL
Принадлежит: Alcoa Inc

Systems and methods for stereoscopic imaging and viewing of aluminum electrolysis and related operation and/or maintenance activities are disclosed. The system may produce stereoscopic images based at least in part on images obtained from two or more imaging devices. The system may display the stereoscopic images for viewing to facilitate aluminum electrolysis cell operation and/or maintenance.

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Номер записи: 20
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Method and apparatus for producing aluminum material

Номер: US20220002892A1
Автор: Junji Nunomura, Tetsuya Tsuda, Yoichi Kojima, Yukio Honkawa
Принадлежит: UACJ Corp

A method for producing an aluminum material, including: providing an electrolytic cell in which an anode electrode containing 0.01 to 30% by mass Si and Al and a cathode electrode are immersed in an electrolytic solution and depositing aluminum on the cathode electrode by energizing the anode electrode and the cathode electrode in the electrolytic solution.

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Номер записи: 21
07-01-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEM, APPARATUS, AND PROCESS FOR LEACHING METAL AND STORING THERMAL ENERGY DURING METAL EXTRACTION

Номер: US20210002742A1
Автор: Elsentriecy Hassan H., Gervasio Dominic Francis, Godinez Andres, Jalbout Abraham Fouad
Принадлежит:

An environmentally friendly (e.g. no acid, base, or cyanide) system and process for large scale extraction of metal ion into aerobic molten salt (or ionic liquid) and the electrodeposition of metal (e.g. copper, gold, silver, etc.) from the metal ion dissolved in the molten salt. The non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid salt is reusable, and heat from the molten slag can heat the molten salts or ionic liquids. Another embodiment comprises a one-pot apparatus for the extraction of metal (e.g. copper) from metal earths and electrodepositing the metal using a low melting (209° C.) aerated Na—K—Zn chloride salt in which copper metal oxidizes and is converted to soluble copper chloride. When an electrical power supply is connected to the graphite vessel (cathode) and to copper rods in the melt (anodes), then the copper chloride is deposited as copper metal by electroreduction on the bottom of the graphite reaction vessel. 1. An environmentally friendly leaching process for extracting and depositing metals from ore and slag , the process comprising:(a) passing a molten ore or slag through a heat exchanger to transmit heat from the molten ore or slag to the heat exchanger;(b) heating a non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid with the heat exchanger;(c) transmitting the heated non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid to an open air crucible;(d) dissolving ore or slag into the non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid in the open air crucible until the mixture is a liquid solution with metal ions and undissolved ore or slag;(e) separating, using a filtration or decanting mechanism, said liquid solution from said undissolved ore or slag; i. a high temperature resistant housing;', 'ii. a cathode electrode and an anode electrode connected to a direct current power supply on an upper end, and immersed in said liquid solution on a bottom end; and,', 'iii. one or more valves to drain said electrochemical reactor;, '(f) transferring said liquid solution from the open air-crucible into ...

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Номер записи: 22
09-01-2020 дата публикации

Electrode Configurations for Electrolytic Cells and Related Methods

Номер: US20200010967A1
Автор: LIU Xinghua
Принадлежит:

In one embodiment, an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum from alumina includes: at least one anode module having a plurality of anodes; at least one cathode module, opposing the anode module, wherein the at least one cathode module comprises a plurality of cathodes, wherein the plurality of anodes are suspended above the cathode module and extending downwards towards the cathode module, wherein the plurality of cathodes are positioned extending upwards towards the anode module, wherein each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes are alternatingly positioned, wherein the plurality of anodes is selectively positionable in a horizontal direction relative to adjacent cathodes, wherein the anode module is selectively positionable in a vertical direction relative to the cathode module, and wherein a portion of each of the anode electrodes overlap a portion of adjacent cathodes. 1. An electrolytic cell , comprising:at least one anode module having a plurality of anodes, wherein each of the plurality of anodes is an oxygen-involving electrode;at least one cathode module, opposing the anode module, wherein the at least one cathode module comprises a plurality of cathodes, wherein each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes have surfaces thereon that are vertically oriented and spaced one from another, wherein the cathodes are wettable, and wherein the at least one cathode module is coupled to a bottom of the electrolytic cell;a cell reservoir;an electrolyte disposed within the cell reservoir; anda metal pad disposed within the cell reservoir,wherein the plurality of anodes are at least partially immersed in the electrolyte and suspended above the cathode module and extending downwards towards the cathode module,wherein the plurality of cathodes are completely immersed in the electrolyte,wherein the plurality of cathodes are positioned in the cell reservoir extending upwards towards the anode module,wherein ...

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Номер записи: 23
19-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR RECOVERING ALKALI METALS AND SULFUR FROM ALKALI METAL SULFIDES AND POLYSULFIDES

Номер: US20170016128A1
Автор: Gordon John Howard
Принадлежит:

Alkali metals and sulfur may be recovered from alkali monosulfide and polysulfides in an electrolytic process that utilizes an electrolytic cell having an alkali ion conductive membrane. An anolyte includes an alkali monosulfide, an alkali polysulfide, or a mixture thereof and a solvent that dissolves elemental sulfur. A catholyte includes molten alkali metal. Applying an electric current oxidizes sulfide and polysulfide in the anolyte compartment, causes alkali metal ions to pass through the alkali ion conductive membrane to the catholyte compartment, and reduces the alkali metal ions in the catholyte compartment. Liquid sulfur separates from the anolyte and may be recovered. The electrolytic cell is operated at a temperature where the formed alkali metal and sulfur are molten. 1. A process for oxidizing an alkali metal monosulfide or alkali metal polysulfide comprising:obtaining an electrolytic cell comprising an alkali ion conductive membrane configured to selectively transport alkali ions, the membrane separating an anolyte compartment configured with an anode and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode;introducing into the anolyte compartment an anolyte comprising an alkali metal monosulfide, an alkali metal polysulfide, or a mixture thereof and an anolyte solvent that partially dissolves elemental sulfur;introducing into the catholyte compartment a catholyte wherein the catholyte comprises at least one of a molten alkali metal and a solvent; i. oxidizing the alkali metal monosulfide or polysulfide in the anolyte compartment to form liquid elemental sulfur and alkali metal ions;', 'ii. causing the alkali metal ions to pass through the alkali ion conductive membrane from the anolyte compartment to the catholyte compartment; and', 'iii. reducing the alkali metal ions in the catholyte compartment to form liquid elemental alkali metal;, 'applying an electric current to the electrolytic cell at an operating temperature therebyallowing liquid elemental ...

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Номер записи: 24
24-04-2014 дата публикации

ANNULAR ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND ANNULAR CATHODE WITH MAGNETIC FIELD COMPENSATION

Номер: US20140110251A1
Автор: BRUCH CHRISTIAN, FROMMELT THOMAS
Принадлежит: SGL CARBON SE

An electrolysis cell, in particular for producing aluminum, contains a cathode, a layer made up of liquid aluminum arranged on an upper side of the cathode, a melt layer, thereupon and an anode above the melt layer. The cathode has at least one opening extending vertically through the cathode, in which opening at least one current supply extending vertically through the opening and electrically connected to the anode and/or to the cathode is provided. The electrolysis cell contains at least one further current supply arranged outside of the opening of the cathode, which current supply extends in the vertical direction at least in certain sections and which current supply is electrically connected to the cathode and/or to the anode. 1. An electrolysis cell , comprising:a cathode;a layer made up of liquid aluminum disposed on an upper side of said cathode;a melt layer disposed on said layer made of liquid aluminum;an anode disposed above said melt layer;at least one current supply;said cathode having at least one opening formed therein and extending vertically through said cathode, in said opening said at least one current supply extending vertically through said opening and electrically connected to said anode and/or to said cathode; and{'b': '18', 'at least one further current supply disposed outside of said opening () of said cathode, said further current supply extending in a vertical direction at least in certain sections and said further current supply being electrically connected to said cathode and/or to said anode.'}2. The electrolysis cell according to claim 1 , wherein said opening is disposed centrally in said cathode as viewed in a plan view and said current supply extending through said opening extends centrally through said opening of said cathode.3. The electrolysis cell according to claim 1 , wherein said cathode has an at least approximately circular outline as viewed in a plan view.4. The electrolysis cell according to claim 1 , wherein said cathode ...

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Номер записи: 25
23-01-2020 дата публикации

Method for producing aluminium alloys

Номер: US20200024760A1
Автор: "Mann Viktor Khristyanovich", GUSEV Aleksandr Olegovich, SIMAKOV Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to production of alloys based on aluminum. A method is proposed for producing aluminum-based alloys by electrolysis, according to which low-consumable anode of aluminum pot is used as a source of alloying elements. At the same time, in order to optimize master alloy consumption, one of the following options is chosen: dissolution of alloying elements from slightly soluble anodes; adding oxides and/or fluorides and/or carbonates of alloying elements to electrolyte melt of aluminum pot; simultaneous dissolution of alloying elements from slightly soluble anodes with addition of oxides and/or fluorides and/or carbonates of alloying elements to electrolyte melt of aluminum pot. The method comprises the following stages: introducing alloying elements into molten cathode aluminum by dissolving them in electrolyte melt of aluminum pot from low-consumable anode and/or by adding oxides/and fluorides and/or carbonates of alloying elements into electrolyte melt of aluminum pot; reduction of alloying elements introduced into electrolyte melt of aluminum pot on molten cathode aluminum to form the base for aluminum alloys; determining percentage of elements in the base for aluminum alloys; and bringing alloys to a given composition by adding alloying elements to the base for aluminum alloys in the required amount. The result is multicomponent aluminum alloys of a given composition with introduction of alloying admixtures in the process of aluminum production by electrolysis, and then the alloy is brought to a predetermined composition, providing simplification of technology and control, reducing master alloy consumption which leads to lower cost of aluminum alloy production. 1. A method of aluminum-based alloys production by electrolysis , according to which a low-consumable anode of aluminum pot is used as a source of alloying elements; its characteristic feature is that in order to reduce master alloy consumption , one of the following is chosen:dissolving ...

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Номер записи: 26
01-02-2018 дата публикации

Electro-thermochemical Li Cycling for NH3 Synthesis from N2 and H2O

Номер: US20180029895A1
Автор: CARGNELLO Matteo, Jaramillo Thomas F., Kibsgaard Jakob, LIN John, McEnaney Joshua M., Nørskov Jens K., Schwalbe John, Singh Aayush Ranjan
Принадлежит:

An electro-thermochemical cycling system for producing ammonia is provided that includes a reaction chamber having a metal compound input port, an anode suitable for oxidation in contact with the metal compound and configured for oxidation of hydroxide ions to water and oxygen, a cathode suitable for plating in contact with the metal compound and configured to electrolyze the metal compound to metal, a voltage source connecting the cathode and anode, a nitrogen port to the reaction chamber that combines nitrogen with the electrolyzed metal on the cathode to form a metal-nitrogen compound proximal to the nitrogen input, an atomic hydrogen port to the reaction chamber that combines with the metal-nitrogen compound to form ammonia, and an ammonia output port from the reaction chamber, where a metal compound input port inputs the metal compound to the reaction chamber according to a depletion rate of the metal compound in the reaction chamber. 1) An electro-thermochemical cycling system for producing ammonia , comprising:a) a reaction chamber comprising a metal compound input port, wherein a metal compound is input to said reaction chamber through said metal compound input port;b) an anode suitable for oxidation, wherein said anode is in contact with said metal compound, wherein said anode is configured for oxidation of anions;c) a cathode that is suitable for plating, wherein said cathode is configured to electrolyze said metal compound to metal;d) a voltage source, wherein said voltage source connects said cathode to said anode;e) a nitrogen port to said reaction chamber containing said electrolyzed metal, wherein nitrogen from said nitrogen port combines with said electrolyzed metal to form a metal-nitrogen compound proximal to said nitrogen input;f) an atomic hydrogen port to said reaction chamber containing said metal-nitrogen compound, wherein atomic hydrogen from said atomic hydrogen port combines with said metal-nitrogen compound to form ammonia; andg) an ...

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Номер записи: 27
31-01-2019 дата публикации

NOVEL COKE WITH ADDITIVES

Номер: US20190031961A1
Автор: Christ Martin, DAIMER JOHANN, FROHS Wilhelm, HILTMANN FRANK, Öttinger Oswin, Schmitt Rainer, WALTER Heribert
Принадлежит: SGL CFL CE GmbH

Coke including additives that are accumulated at the yield points or in the regions surrounded by the yield points. For homogeneous distribution, the additives are continuously dosed into the delayed coker during the filling time. The dosing can be carried out by powdery blowing with an inert gas (nitrogen) or also distributed in a slurry consisting of the reaction components and a partial flow of the coker feed (vacuum resid, pytar, decant oil or coal-tar distillates). According to an advantageous form of embodiment, the additives may optionally have a diameter of between 0.05 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm. Advantageously, the additives can be selected from at least one of acetylene coke, fluid coke, flexi coke, shot coke, carbon black, non-graphitisable carbons (chars), non-graphitic anthracite, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium diboride or mixtures thereof. 111-. (canceled)12. A coke comprising:additives,the additives are accumulated at the yield points or in the regions surrounded by the yield points.13. The coke according to claim 12 , wherein the coke is chosen from the group consisting of petroleum coke claim 12 , coal-tar pitch coke or from the residues of coal gasification claim 12 , coal hydrogenation or also the cokes obtained from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or from a petrol/coal-tar pitch mixture obtained from the mixture of petrol and coal-tar pitch residues claim 12 , or any mixture of the named cokes.14. The coke according to claim 12 , wherein the additives are accumulated at the yield points or are embedded in the regions surrounded by the yield points or are both accumulated at the yield points and embedded in the regions surrounded by the yield points.15. The coke according to claim 14 , wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of acetylene coke claim 14 , fluid coke claim 14 , flexi coke claim 14 , shot coke claim 14 , carbon black claim 14 , non-graphitisable carbons (chars) claim 14 , non-graphitic ...

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Номер записи: 28
31-01-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PROTECTING ELECTROLYSIS CELLS

Номер: US20190032232A1
Автор: DiMilia Robert A., Dynys Joseph M., LIU Xinghua, Martello Jeffrey S.
Принадлежит: Alcoa USA Corp.

Broadly, the present disclosure relates to sidewall features (e.g. inner sidewall or hot face) of an electrolysis cell, which protect the sidewall from the electrolytic bath while the cell is in operation (e.g. producing metal in the electrolytic cell). 1. An electrolysis cell , comprising:an anode;a cathode in spaced relation from the anode;a molten electrolyte bath in liquid communication with the anode and the cathode; wherein the cell body is configured to retain the molten electrolyte bath;', 'wherein the sidewall comprises: a polarized sidewall portion, wherein the polarized sidewall portion is in liquid communication with the molten electrolyte bath., 'a cell body comprising a sidewall and a bottom,'}2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion is one of:an anodically polarized sidewall, a cathodically polarized sidewall, and combinations thereof.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion comprises:a cathodically polarized sidewall, wherein the cathodically polarized sidewall is positioned below the bath-vapor interface and adjacent to the bottom of the cell body such that the cathodically polarized sidewall is in liquid communication with the bottom of the cell.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion comprises:at least 50% of surface of the inner sidewall.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a non-polarized sidewall portion, wherein both the polarized sidewall portion and the non-polarized sidewall portion are adjacent to each other and in liquid communication with the molten electrolyte bath.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the non-polarized sidewall portion is positioned above the cathodically polarized sidewall and is in communication with the bath-air interface.7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the non-polarized sidewall portion is selected from the group consisting of:a thermal conductor; a stable material; a frozen ledge device, and combinations thereof. ...

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Номер записи: 29
14-02-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR LINING A CATHODE OF A REDUCTION CELL FOR PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY ALUMINUM

Номер: US20190048484A1
Автор: "Pingin Vitalij Valerevich", NAGIBIN Gennadij Efimovich, PROSHKIN Aleksandr Vladimirovich, SBITNEV Andrei Gennadievich
Принадлежит: United Company RUSAL Engineering and Technology Centre LLC

The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the process equipment for electrolytic production of primary aluminum, namely to methods for lining cathode assemblies of reduction cells. A method for lining a cathode of a reduction cell for production of aluminum includes filling a cathode device shell with a thermal insulation layer and leveling said layer; filling, leveling and compacting a refractory layer; installing bottom and side blocks followed by sealing joints therebetween with a cold ramming paste. Prior to filling a shell bottom with the thermal insulation layer, a layer of fine carbonized particles is formed. The inventive method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of primary aluminum allows to reduce the cost of lining materials and energy consumption for reduction cell operation by means of improved heat resistance of a base and to increase the service life of reduction cells. 1. A method for lining a cathode of a reduction cell for production of aluminum , which includes filling a cathode device shell with a thermal insulation layer and leveling said layer; filling , leveling and compacting a refractory layer; installing bottom and side blocks followed by sealing joints therebetween with a cold ramming paste , characterized in that prior to filling a shell bottom with the thermal insulation layer a layer of fine carbonized particles is formed.2. The method of claim 1 , characterized in that in order to obtain a density from 250 to 600 kg/m3 claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , the fine carbonized particles are compacted to a height of 5-25% of the height of a space under the cathode.3. The method of claim 1 , characterized in that woodflour or hard- or softwood sawdust is used as the fine carbonized particles. The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the process equipment for electrolytic production of primary aluminum, namely to methods for lining cathode assemblies of ...

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Номер записи: 30
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Vertically Integrated Pure Lithium Metal Production and Lithium Battery Production

Номер: US20220069278A1
Автор: Emilie Bodoin
Принадлежит: Pure Lithium Corp

Methods are proposed for fabricating highly pure lithium metal electrodes from aqueous lithium salt solutions by means of electrolysis through lithium ion selective membranes, performed at constant current densities between about 10 mA/cm 2 and about 50 mA/cm 2 , and wherein the constant current is applied for a time between about 1 minute and about 60 minutes. The electrolysis is performed under a blanketing atmosphere, the blanketing atmosphere being substantially free of lithium reactive components. Methods are further proposed for vertically integrating the electrolytic fabrication of highly pure lithium metal electrodes into the production of lithium metal batteries, the fabrication of lithium electrodes and lithium metal batteries being performed in a single facility.

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Номер записи: 31
05-03-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR ALUMINUM PRODUCTION USING CARBON MONOXIDE

Номер: US20150060295A1
Автор: Kennel Elliot B.
Принадлежит:

The present technology discloses a method for producing aluminum from alumina in an electrolytic cell through the use of carbon monoxide as a partial or total reactant with aluminum oxide. The present technology also discloses the structure of an electrolytic cell configured to house this reaction. 1. An electrolytic cell for producing aluminum from alumina , the cell having an interior and an exterior , the cell comprising:an electrolyte solution contained within the interior of the cell;an anode immersed in the electrolyte solution of the cell;a gas inlet spanning from the exterior of the cell to the interior of the cell, the gas inlet having a first opening on the exterior of the cell and a second opening in the electrolyte solution on the interior of the cell;a gas outlet spanning from the interior of the cell to the exterior of the cell, the gas outlet having a first opening in the electrolyte solution on the interior of the cell and a second opening on the exterior of the cell; anda metal outlet spanning the interior of the cell to the exterior of the cell, the metal outlet having a first opening in the electrolyte solution on the interior of the cell and a second opening on the exterior of the cell.2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the gas inlet is attached to an external supply of carbon monoxide.3. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the carbon monoxide exhausts into the cell near the anode.4. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the gas outlet is attached to a collection container configured to receive carbon dioxide exhausted from the cell.5. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the gas outlet is attached to a conduit configured to recycle the carbon dioxide to the external supply of carbon monoxide for the gas inlet.6. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the gas outlet is pressurized to exhaust the carbon dioxide from the cell.7. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises carbon claim 1 , graphite ...

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Номер записи: 32
10-03-2022 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PURITY LITHIUM FROM LOW-PURITY SOURCES

Номер: US20220074062A1
Автор: Cui Yi, Jin Yang, Lang Jialiang, Liu Kai, Wu Hui
Принадлежит:

Devices and methods for purifying lithium from lithium salts, including those with low concentration of lithium salts, are provided. A molten composition comprising a lithium salt is electrolyzed with an anode in contact with the molten composition and a cathode separated from the molten composition by a solid electrolyte capable of conducting lithium ions. 1. A method of electrolysis , comprising electrolyzing a molten composition comprising a lithium salt , with an anode in contact with the molten composition and a cathode separated from the molten composition by a solid electrolyte capable of conducting lithium ions , wherein the solid electrolyte allows lithium ions , but not other atoms , to pass through.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte that conduct lithium ions comprises a garnet-type oxide.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the garnet-type oxide comprises a Ta-doped LiLaZrO.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the garnet-type oxide comprises LiLaTaZrOwherein x is from 0.1 to 1.0.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the garnet-type oxide comprises LiLaTaZrOwherein x is from 0.4 to 0.6.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the garnet-type oxide comprises LiLaTaZrO claim 3 , LiLaTaZrO claim 3 , or LiLaTaZrO.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte is in the form of a cylinder or a plate.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solid electrolyte has a cross-sectional thickness from 0.05 cm to 0.6 cm.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solid electrolyte has a cross-sectional thickness from 0.15 cm to 0.4 cm.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte has a relative density greater than to 97%.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt comprises LiCl.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molten composition comprises less than 99.7% of the lithium salt.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the molten composition comprises less than 97% of the lithium salt.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the molten ...

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Номер записи: 33
21-02-2019 дата публикации

Composition For Making Wettable Cathode In Aluminum Smelting

Номер: US20190055660A1
Автор: Brian J. Tielsch, Douglas A. Weirauch, Lance M. Sworts, Robert A. DiMilia
Принадлежит: Alcoa USA Corp

Compositions for making wettable cathodes to be used in aluminum electrolysis cells are disclosed. The compositions generally include titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) and metal additives. The amount of selected metal additives may result in production of electrodes having a tailored density and/or porosity. The electrodes may be durable and used in aluminum electrolysis cells.

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Номер записи: 34
22-05-2014 дата публикации

ALUMINUM SMELTER INCLUDING CELLS WITH CATHODE OUTPUT AT THE BOTTOM OF THE POT SHELL AND CELL STABILIZING MEANS

Номер: US20140138240A1
Автор: Bardet Benoit, Duval Christian, MARTIN Olivier, Renaudier Steeve
Принадлежит: RIO TINTO ALCAN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

Aluminum smelter comprising: (i) a series of electrolytic cells, comprising an anode, a cathode and a pot shell equipped with a side wall and a bottom, each cathode including at least one cathode output, (ii) a main electric circuit through which an electrolysis current passes, including an electrical conductor connected to each cathode output of a cell N, and to the anode of a cell N+1, and (iii) a means to stabilize the electrolytic cells. At least one of the cathode outputs of the cathode of N passes through the bottom of the pot shell, and during the operation of N and N+1, the electrolysis current passes, in an upstream-downstream direction only, through each electrical conductor extending from each cathode output of N in the direction of N+1. 1. An aluminum smelter comprising:(i) a series of electrolytic cells, designed for the production of aluminum according to a Hall-Heroult process,each electrolytic cell comprising at least one anode, a cathode and a pot shell provided with a side wall and a bottom, the cathode comprising at least one cathode output;(ii) a main electric circuit through which electrolysis current passes, electrically connecting the electrolytic cells together,the electrolysis current initially passing through an electrolytic cell N, placed upstream, and secondly through an electrolytic cell N+1, placed downstream,said main electric circuit comprising an electrical conductor connected to each cathode output of the electrolytic cell N,the electrical conductor also being connected to at least one anode of the electrolytic cell N+1, in order to convey the electrolysis current from electrolytic cell N to electrolytic cell N+1; and(iii) at least one means to stabilize the electrolytic cells selected from the group consisting of at least one secondary electric circuit through which an electric current passes, so as to compensate the magnetic field created by the electrolysis current, and a cathode with a grooved surface,such thatat least one of ...

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Номер записи: 35
22-05-2014 дата публикации

ALUMINUM SMELTER COMPRISING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS MADE FROM A SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIAL

Номер: US20140138241A1
Автор: Bardet Benoit, Duval Christian, MARTIN Olivier, Renaudier Steeve, Wan Tang Kuan Stéphane
Принадлежит: RIO TINTO ALCAN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

An aluminum smelter comprising: 1. An aluminum smelter comprising:(i) a series of electrolytic cells, designed for the production of aluminum, forming one or more rows,(ii) a supply station designed to supply the series of electrolytic cells with an electrolysis current,the said electricity supply station comprising two poles,(iii) a main electrical circuit through which the electrolysis current flows, having two extremities each connected to one of the poles of the supply station,(iv) at least one secondary electrical circuit comprising an electrical conductor made of superconducting material through which a current flows, running along the one or more rows of electrolytic cells,characterized in that the electrical conductor made of superconducting material in the secondary electrical circuit runs along the row or rows of electrolytic cells at least twice in such a way as to make several turns in series.2. An aluminum smelter according to claim 1 , characterized in that the electrical conductor made of superconducting material in the secondary electrical circuit comprises a single cryogenic casing within which run side by side the turns made by said electrical conductor made of superconducting material.3. An aluminum smelter according to claim 1 , characterized in that the electrical conductor made of superconducting material in the secondary electrical circuit is flexible and has at least one curved part.4. An aluminum smelter according to claim 1 , characterized in that the secondary electrical circuit comprises two extremities claim 1 , each extremity of said secondary electrical circuit being connected to one electrical pole of a supply station which is separate from the supply station for the main electrical circuit.5. An aluminum smelter according to claim 4 , characterized in that the electrical conductor made of superconducting material in the secondary electrical circuit runs along the one or more rows of electrolytic cells a predetermined number of times ...

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Номер записи: 36
10-03-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PROTECTING ELECTROLYSIS CELL SIDEWALLS

Номер: US20160068979A1
Автор: DiMilia Robert A., Dynys Joseph M., Kerkhoff Jonell, LIU Xinghua, Phelps Frankie E., Ward Jeff, Weirauch Douglas A.
Принадлежит:

A system is provided including an electrolysis cell configured to retain a molten electrolyte bath, the bath including at least one bath component, the electrolysis cell including: a bottom, and a sidewall consisting essentially of the at least one bath component; and a feed material including the least one bath component to the molten electrolyte bath such that the at least one bath component is within 30% of saturation, wherein, via the feed material, the sidewall is stable in the molten electrolyte bath. 1. A system , comprising: a bottom, and', 'a sidewall consisting essentially of the at least one bath component, wherein the sidewall has a thickness of 3 mm to not greater than 500 mm; and, 'an electrolysis cell configured to retain a molten electrolyte bath, the bath including at least one bath component, the electrolysis cell includinga feed material including the least one bath component in the molten electrolyte bath such that the at least one bath component is within 90% of saturation,wherein, via the feed material, the sidewall is stable in the molten electrolyte bath.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the saturation of the bath component is: at least about 95% of saturation.3. The system of claim 3 , wherein the saturation of the bath component is: not greater than 100% of saturation.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the saturation percentage is measured at a location not greater than 6″ from the sidewall.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sidewall material is constructed of materials selected from the group consisting of: Al; Li; Na; K; Rb; Cs; Be; Mg; Ca; Sr; Ba; Sc; Y; La; or Ce-containing materials; Al; Li; Na; K; Rb; Cs; Be; Mg; Ca; Sr; Ba; Sc; Y; La; or Ce metals; Al; Li; Na; K; Rb; Cs; Be; Mg; Ca; Sr; Ba; Sc; Y; La; or Ce oxides; halide salt (e.g. fluoride salts of) Al; Li; Na; K; Rb; Cs; Be; Mg; Ca; Sr; Ba; Sc; Y; La; or Ce; oxofluoride of Al; Li; Na; K; Rb; Cs; Be; Mg; Ca; Sr; Ba; Sc; Y; La; or Ce; and combinations thereof.6. An electrolysis ...

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Номер записи: 37
10-03-2016 дата публикации

Systems and methods of protecting electrolysis cell sidewalls

Номер: US20160068980A1
Автор: Jeffrey S. Martello, Joseph M. Dynys, Robert A. DiMilia, Xinghua Liu
Принадлежит: Alcoa Inc

Broadly, the present disclosure relates to sidewall features (e.g. inner sidewall or hot face) of an electrolysis cell, which protect the sidewall from the electrolytic bath while the cell is in operation (e.g. producing metal in the electrolytic cell).

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Номер записи: 38
08-03-2018 дата публикации

PROCESSING ALKALI METAL-SULFIDE OR ALKALI EARTH METAL-SULFIDE TO OBTAIN THE ALKALI METAL OR ALKALI EARTH METAL

Номер: US20180066196A1
Автор: Joshi Ashok V
Принадлежит: Technology Holding, LLC

Applying a sufficient quantity of an Alkali metal or an Alkaline earth metal to a fluid in a stripping process loop to form a first intermediary compound and thereby, to strip the undesired element from the process fluid . The first intermediary compound is processed in a recovery process loop to recover the Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal. The recovered Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal is then re-introduced to an additional quantity of process fluid to strip and clean the undesired element from the additional quantity of the process fluid. A recovery process loop may include either or both of a chemical substitution process, and an electrolytic process, effective to separate the Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal from the undesired element or another compound. 19.-. (canceled)10. A method , comprising:providing a reaction vessel;introducing a first quantity of a process fluid into the reaction vessel;applying a sufficient quantity of an Alkaline earth metal to the process fluid in the reaction vessel to chemically bind the Alkaline earth metal with an undesired element carried in the process fluid effective to form a first intermediary compound and thereby, to strip the undesired element from the process fluid resulting in a clean fluid product;extracting the first intermediary compound from the reaction vessel;processing the first intermediary compound in a first process loop to recover the Alkaline earth metal; andre-introducing the recovered Alkaline earth metal into the reaction vessel to strip and clean an additional quantity of the process fluid, wherein:the first process loop comprises a first conversion vessel in which separation of a first Alkaline earth metal from the intermediary compound may occur, and separation of the first Alkaline earth metal from the first intermediary compound is by way of a chemical replacement reaction, and further comprising:introducing a different Alkaline earth metal into the first conversion vessel to separate the ...

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Номер записи: 39
29-05-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREPARING METALLIC LITHIUM USING ELECTROLYSIS IN NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20140147330A1
Автор: Lee Churl Kyoung, Lee Jae O., Park Je sik
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a method for preparing metallic lithium by electrolysis using a non-aqueous electrolyte at low temperature. The method for preparing metallic lithium according to the present invention can directly prepare metallic lithium by electrolysis at a low temperature, and enable mass production, and reduce the manufacturing cost due to its simple process and easy control of electrolytic conditions, and thus the method for preparing lithium thin films according to the present invention can be applied in the industry. 1. A method for preparing metallic lithium , the method comprising the steps of:(a) placing an electrolytic cell including conductive electrodes in a non-aqueous conductive solvent with a dissolved lithium salt in a high purity inert gas atmosphere; and(b) applying an electric power to the electrolytic cell in step (a) such that lithium is reduced at a cathode and metallic lithium is deposited on the surface of the cathode.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , the electrodes comprise at least two metals selected from the group consisting of gold claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , and copper.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , the inert gas comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen claim 1 , helium claim 1 , argon claim 1 , neon claim 1 , and xenon.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , the lithium salt comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of LiTFSI claim 1 , LiCl claim 1 , LiF claim 1 , LiPF claim 1 , and LiBF.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) claim 1 , the non-aqueous conductive solvent is a non-aqueous conductive solvent containing a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion and comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-Butyl-3-methyl-pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMPy]TFSI) claim 1 , 1-methyl-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PP13TFSI) claim 1 , and 1- ...

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Номер записи: 40
28-02-2019 дата публикации

AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION AND AQUEOUS LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY

Номер: US20190067747A1
Автор: Nakayama Hideki, Suyama Hiroshi
Принадлежит: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

Disclosed is an aqueous electrolyte solution that is difficult to be reduced to be decomposed, and that can improve properties of a lithium ion secondary battery when the solution is applied to the battery. The aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery includes: water; a lithium ion; a TFSI anion; and a cation that can form an ionic liquid when the cation forms a salt along with the TSFI anion in an atmospheric atmosphere, the cation being at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium cation, a piperidinium cation, a phosphonium cation, and an imidazolium cation. 1. An aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising:water;a lithium ion;a TFSI anion; anda cation that can form an ionic liquid when the cation forms a salt along with the TSFI anion in an atmospheric atmosphere, the cation being at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium cation, a piperidinium cation, a phosphonium cation, and an imidazolium cation.2. The aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , whereinno less than 1 mol of the lithium ions, and no less than 1 mol of the TFSI anions are included per kilogram of the water.3. The aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the cation is at least the imidazolium cation.4. An aqueous lithium ion secondary battery comprising:a cathode;an anode; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the aqueous electrolyte solution according to .'}5. The aqueous lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 4 , wherein the anode contains LiTiOas an anode active material.6. A method for producing an aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery claim 4 , the method comprising:mixing water, LiTFSI, and an ionic liquid,wherein the ionic liquid is a salt of a cation and a TFSI anion, the cation being at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium cation, a piperidinium cation, a phosphonium cation, and an ...

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Номер записи: 41
19-03-2015 дата публикации

COMPOSITION FOR MAKING WETTABLE CATHODE IN ALUMINUM SMELTING

Номер: US20150075975A1
Автор: DiMilia Robert A., JR. DOUGLAS A., Sworts Lance M., Tielsch Brian J., Weirauch
Принадлежит:

Compositions for making wettable cathodes to be used in aluminum electrolysis cells are disclosed. The compositions generally include titanium diboride (TiB) and metal additives, The amount of selected metal additives may result in production of electrodes having a tailored density and/or porosity, The electrodes may be durable and used in aluminum electrolysis cells. 1. A component , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'b': '2', '0.01 to less than 0.5 wt. % metal additives, the balance being TiBand unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities make up less than wt. % of the component;'}wherein the component has a density of at least about 85% to not greater than 99% of its theoretical density.2. The component of claim 1 , further wherein the component comprises a geometry selected from the group consisting of: a tube claim 1 , a plate claim 1 , a rod.3. The component of claim 1 , further comprising an electrode for use in an aluminum electrolysis cell.4. An electrode for use in an aluminum electrolysis cell claim 1 , the electrode comprising:{'sub': '2', '0.01 to less than 0.5 wt. % metal additives, the balance being TiBand unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities make up less than 2 wt. % of the electrode;'}wherein the electrode has a density of at least about 85% to not greater than 99% of its theoretical density.5. An aluminum electrolysis cell comprising the electrode of .6. A method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'producing a TiBcomponent from a TiBcomposition, the TiBcomposition comprising: 0.01 to less than 0.5 wt. % metal additives, the balance being TiBand unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities make up less than 2 wt. % of the electrode,'}{'sub': '2', 'wherein the TiBcomponent has a density of at least about 85% to not greater than 99% of its theoretical density.'}7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the producing step further comprises:{'sub': '2', '(a) pressing the TiBcomposition; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) ...

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Номер записи: 42
17-03-2016 дата публикации

Leveling additives for electrodeposition

Номер: US20160076161A1
Автор: Evgeniya Freydina, Joshua Garth Abbott
Принадлежит: Xtalic Corp

Leveling additives, their use in electrodeposition, and regeneration are described. In one embodiment, an electrodeposition bath may include a non-aqueous liquid and an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon. The optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon may be protonated.

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Номер записи: 43
15-03-2018 дата публикации

Cermet Electrode Material

Номер: US20180073109A1
Автор: Ariane Marmottant, Christian Barthelemy, Sylvie Bouvet, Veronique Laurent, Vincent Stabrowski
Принадлежит: Rio Tinto Alcan International Ltd

A cermet material includes as mass percentages, at least: 50% to 90% of a metallic phase containing an alloy of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), and 10% to 50% of an oxide phase containing at least iron, nickel and oxygen with the following proportion by mass of Ni: 0.2%≦Ni≦17%. An electrode, preferably an anode, may include this cermet material.

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Номер записи: 44
24-03-2022 дата публикации

MATERIAL COMPONENTS PROTECTION AGAINST THE CORROSIVE ACTION CRYOLITE MELTS IN ALUMINIUM REDUCTION CELLS

Номер: US20220090279A1
Автор: ALLAIRE Claude
Принадлежит:

The present document describes an electrolytic cell comprising a protective layer comprising elemental copper covering at least in part or all of a refractory material assembly covering an interior surface thereof. Also described is a copper oxide containing composition comprising copper oxide and any one of a reducing agent and a binder. Also described is a method of protecting a refractory material assembly covering an interior surface of an electrolytic cell, comprising covering at least in part, or all of the refractory material assembly with a copper sheet, a structure comprising elemental copper, a copper oxide, an elemental copper comprising composite material, a copper oxide containing composition and combinations thereof, to provide a protective layer comprising elemental copper. 1. An electrolytic cell comprising a protective layer comprising elemental copper covering at least in part or all of a refractory material assembly covering an interior surface thereof.2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein said protective layer comprising elemental copper comprises a copper sheet claim 1 , a structure comprising elemental copper claim 1 , a copper oxide claim 1 , an elemental copper comprising composite material claim 1 , a copper oxide containing composition claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The electrolytic cell of claim 2 , wherein said protective layer comprising elemental copper comprisesa plurality of copper sheets, andsaid copper oxide, said elemental copper comprising composite material, said copper oxide containing composition or combinations thereof, between said copper sheets.4. The electrolytic cell of claim 2 , wherein said copper oxide or said copper oxide containing composition is in powder form claim 2 , paste form claim 2 , mortar form claim 2 , slurry form claim 2 , grouting form claim 2 , or combinations thereof.5. The electrolytic cell of claim 2 , wherein said copper oxide containing composition comprises from about 35 to 100% w/w ...

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Номер записи: 45
16-03-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR REDUCING THE FORMATION OF FLUOROCARBONS IN MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYSIS

Номер: US20170073829A1
Автор: FRIEDRICH Bernd, Hanebuth Marc, TREMEL Alexander, VOGEL Hanno
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

A sensor is provided for measuring the concentration of a fluorocarbon in the offgas during molten salt electrolysis of metal compounds. The measurement takes place at time intervals of less than 10 seconds and a controller initiates reduction in an electrolysis voltage if a fluorocarbon limit value of 25 ppm is exceeded. 1. A method for reducing formation of fluorocarbons in molten salt electrolysis of metal compounds , comprising:measuring, by a sensor, concentration of a fluorocarbon in offgas at time intervals of less than 10 seconds; andinitiating, by a controller, a reduction in at least one of an electrolysis voltage and an electrolysis current density at an anode, when a fluorocarbon limit value of not more than 100 ppm is exceeded.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said measuring of the fluorocarbon concentration takes place in intervals of less than 2 seconds.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said measuring of the fluorocarbon concentration takes place in intervals of less than one second.4. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said measuring of the fluorocarbon concentration takes place in intervals of less than 0.5 second.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluorocarbon limit value is 10 ppm.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluorocarbon limit value is 1 ppm.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said measuring of the concentration of the fluorocarbon occurs at a plurality of points over a melt surface.8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein one measuring point for said measuring of the concentration of the fluorocarbon is provided per 10 kA current intensity present in an electrolysis system.9. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein one measuring point for said measuring of the concentration of the fluorocarbon is provided per 2 kA current intensity present in an electrolysis system.10. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein one measuring point for said measuring of the ...

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Номер записи: 46
26-03-2015 дата публикации

Electrolysis cell, in particular for the production of aluminum

Номер: US20150083584A1
Автор: Ghazanfar Abbas
Принадлежит: SGL CARBON SE

An electrolysis cell, particularly for the production of aluminum, contains a cathode, a layer of liquid aluminum arranged on the upper side of the cathode, a melt layer thereon and an anode on the top of the melt layer. The cathode is composed of at least two cathode blocks, wherein at least one of the at least two cathode blocks differs from at least one of the other cathode blocks with regard to the average compressive strength, the average thermal conductivity, the average specific electrical resistivity and/or the apparent density.

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Номер записи: 47
19-06-2014 дата публикации

A PROCESS FOR RECOVERING METALS AND AN ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE PROCESS

Номер: US20140166502A1
Автор: Seetharaman Seshadri, Seetharaman Sridhar, Teng Lidong
Принадлежит: JERNKONTORET AB

A process for recovering at least one metal from a metal containing resource, in particular containing at least one metal oxide. The process including the step: providing a crucible containing a chloride salt melt, at least one cathode and an anode connected to the salt melt, heating means for heating the salt melt, and an aluminum melt present at the bottom of the crucible, said aluminum melt forming a part of the anode. 1. A process for recovering at least one metal from a metal containing resource , in particular containing at least one metal oxide , said process including the steps of:a) providing a crucible containing a chloride salt melt, at least one cathode and an anode connected to the salt melt, heating means for heating the salt melt, and an aluminum melt present at the bottom of the crucible, said aluminum melt forming the anode or a part of the anodeb) providing an initiating chlorine donor to the salt melt for starting the reactions in the salt melt, said initiating chloride donor being aluminum chloride and/or at least one metal chloride that can be electrolyzed in step f) to form aluminum chloridec) holding the temperature of the salt melt and the temperature of the aluminum melt at a temperature where both are in liquid phase;d) introducing said metal containing resource into the liquid salt melt;e) reacting the aluminum chloride as a chlorine donor with the metal containing resource to form at least one metal chloride being dissolved in the salt melt;f) electrolyzing the salt melt, thereby forming the at least one metal at the cathode, optionally using a cathode bag, and forming aluminum chloride at the contact surface between the aluminum melt and the salt melt; andg) recovering at least one metal from the salt melt.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode is at least one first graphite electrode immersed in the salt melt.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a second graphite electrode is immersed in the aluminum melt ...

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Номер записи: 48
29-03-2018 дата публикации

AN ASSEMBLY BODY AND ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS

Номер: US20180087167A1
Автор: NAKAZAWA Ryoma, YOSHIDOME Kazuhiro
Принадлежит:

An assembly body including a cermet member, a metal member and an intermediate member bonded to the cermet member and the metal member, wherein the cermet member includes an oxide phase and a metal phase, the intermediate member includes at least a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, the first intermediate layer is bonded to the cermet member, the first intermediate layer includes at least a first metal M, the second intermediate layer includes at least a second metal M, a melting point of the first metal M is lower than the second metal M, a weight concentration of M at the first intermediate layer is higher than the weight concentration of M at the second intermediate layer, and the weight concentration of M at the second intermediate layer is higher than the weight concentration of M at the first intermediate layer. 1. An assembly body comprising a cermet member , a metal member and an intermediate member bonded to said cermet member and said metal member , whereinsaid cermet member includes an oxide phase and a metal phase,said intermediate member comprises at least a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer,said first intermediate layer is bonded to said cermet member,{'b': '1', 'said first intermediate layer includes at least a first metal M,'}{'b': '2', 'said second intermediate layer includes at least a second metal M,'}{'b': 1', '2, 'a melting point of said first metal M is lower than said second metal M,'}{'b': 1', '1, 'a weight concentration of M at said first intermediate layer is higher than the weight concentration of M at said second intermediate layer, and'}{'b': 2', '2, 'the weight concentration of M at said second intermediate layer is higher than the weight concentration of M at said first intermediate layer.'}2. The assembly body as set forth in wherein said first intermediate layer is bonded to said second intermediate layer.3. The assembly body as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said second intermediate ...

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Номер записи: 49
31-03-2016 дата публикации

THERMAL ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION

Номер: US20160090658A1
Автор: Diver Richard, Duncan Gregory Scott, Korenko Michal, Larson Carol, Nudehi Shahin, Palumbo Robert, Schoer Jonathan, Venstrom Luke
Принадлежит: VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY

Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with thermal electrolytic production. According to one embodiment, a system includes a tower having an active reflux evaporator and a condenser system. The active reflux evaporator having a distributor pump assembly and an absorber. The distributor pump assembly pumps a heat pipe liquid metal to a distributor. The absorber receives the liquid metal from the distributor. The absorber facilitates evaporation of the liquid metal to form an evaporated metal. The condenser system includes a thermal load and a liquid pump assembly. The thermal load condenses the evaporated metal back to the liquid metal. The liquid pump assembly actively pumps the liquid metal to the distributor pump assembly. 1. A thermal electrolytic production system , comprising: [ a distributor pump assembly to pump a heat pipe liquid metal to a distributor;', 'an absorber to receive the heat pipe liquid metal from the distributor, wherein the absorber facilitates evaporation of the heat pipe liquid metal to form an evaporated metal; and, 'an active reflux evaporator having'}, a thermal load to condense the evaporated metal back to the heat pipe liquid metal; and', 'a liquid pump assembly to actively pump the heat pipe liquid metal to the distributor pump assembly., 'a condenser system having], 'a tower having2. The thermal electrolytic production system of claim 1 , the liquid pump assembly using an external source to produce the force to move the heat pipe liquid metal to the distributor pump assembly.3. The thermal electrolytic production system of claim 1 , the active reflux evaporator further comprising an opening to receive solar flux and direct the solar flux to the absorber.4. The thermal electrolytic production system of claim 1 , the absorber further comprising a wick structure having a porous structure to recirculate excess amounts of the heat pipe liquid metal.5. The thermal electrolytic production system of claim 1 , wherein the thermal ...

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Номер записи: 50
19-03-2020 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF LITHIUM VIA ELECTRODEPOSITION

Номер: US20200091509A1
Автор: Hryn John N., Ignacio-de Leon Patricia, Spangenberger Jeffrey S.
Принадлежит: UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC

Methods and systems for producing lithium metal through room temperature electrodeposition. 1. A method of producing lithium comprising:applying a current to an electrolytic cell comprising a cell having a cathode associated with a catholyte and an anode associated with a lithium cation-containing anolyte, the lithium cation-containing anolyte and catholyte being separated by an ion-permeable membrane;inducing an oxidation of the lithium cation-containing anolyte at the anode;flowing electrons from the anode to the cathode;reducing lithium cations at the cathode;depositing lithium metal on the cathode; andflowing lithium ions across an ion-permeable membrane from the lithium cation-containing to the catholyte.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein flowing the electrons from the anode to the cathode comprises flowing the electrons through a galvanostat electrically positioned between the cathode and anode.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising circulating lithium cation-containing from an anolyte reservoir into the cell.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising circulating catholyte from a catholyte reservoir into the cell.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depositing of the lithium metal comprises the formation of lithium metal nanorods.6. The method of wherein the lithium metal nanorods have a diameter of 250 to 350 nm and a length of up to 60 μm.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the lithium metal nanorods are dendrite-free.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing the deposited lithium metal.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises a metallic foil and further comprising removing a lithium-coated metallic foil from the cell.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing the lithium cations at the cathode and depositing lithium metal are at a temperature of 15 to 40° C.11. A method of forming lithium metal nanorods comprising:flowing lithium ions across an ion-permeable membrane to an electrolyte associated with an electrode; ...

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Номер записи: 51
21-04-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LIQUID METAL ELECTRODE CONNECTION IN PRODUCTION OR REFINING OF METALS

Номер: US20160108532A1
Автор: EARLAM Matthew, HARDIE Gregory, IV Adam Clayton, Powell, TABEREAUX Alton, TUCKER Robert Steve
Принадлежит:

In some aspects, the invention relates to apparatuses and methods for connecting a liquid first metal cathode to a current source of an electrolytic cell comprising a conduit having a first and second end, liquid first metal disposed at the first end of the conduit, a solid first metal disposed at the second end of the conduit, and a solid conductor portion in electrical contact with the solid first metal. 1. An apparatus comprising:(a) a conduit having a first end and a second end;(b) a liquid first metal disposed at the first end of the conduit and within the conduit;(c) a solid first metal disposed at the second end of the conduit and within the conduit;(d) a solid conductor portion in electrical contact with the solid first metal; and(e) a cooling mechanism disposed at the second end of the conduit;wherein at least a portion of the liquid first metal and the solid first metal are in electrical contact, the solid conductor disposed to provide electrical contact between the solid first metal and an electrical source outside the conduit.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conduit does not dissolve into the first metal more than about 5% by weight.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the conduit comprises carbon claim 2 , silicon carbide claim 2 , titanium diboride claim 2 , boron nitride claim 2 , silicon nitride claim 2 , aluminum nitride claim 2 , aluminum oxide or an aluminum-bearing compound with an element that does not dissolve into the first metal.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a conduit sheath disposed around at least a portion of the conduit.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling mechanism comprises a jacket disposed around a portion of the conduit claim 1 , wherein the jacket has an inlet and an outlet.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein air claim 5 , gas claim 5 , and/or a cooling liquid are disposed within at least a portion of the jacket.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the solid conductor comprises the first ...

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Номер записи: 52
30-04-2015 дата публикации

PREHEATING CONNECTOR

Номер: US20150114833A1
Автор: Bon Pierre
Принадлежит: RIO TINTO ALCAN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

This preheating connector for electrically connecting an anode stern to an anode frame of an electrolytic cell during the warm-up phase of the electrolytic cell, includes means of fixing to the anode frame, and bearing means designed to exert pressure on the anode stem in order to keep it pressed up against the anode frame, the fixing means and bearing means being configured and arranged so as to add on the preheating connector onto a so-called permanent connector for electrical and mechanical connection of the anode stem to the anode frame during the continuous operating mode of the cell. 1. Preheating connector for electrically connecting an anode stem to an anode frame of an electrolytic cell during the warm-up phase of the electrolytic cell , characterized in that the preheating connector includes means of fixing to the anode frame , and bearing means designed to exert pressure on the anode stem in order to keep the anode stem pressed up against the anode frame , the fixing means and bearing means being configured and arranged so as to add on the preheating connector onto a permanent connector for electrical and mechanical connection of the anode stem to the anode frame during a continuous operating mode of the cell.2. Preheating connector according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fixing means and bearing means are configured and arranged to superpose the preheating connector onto the permanent connector.3. Preheating connector according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fixing means include a hook.4. Preheating connector according to claim 1 , characterized in that the bearing means include two levers hinged about an axle and means for connecting and tightening levers claim 1 , each lever supporting at least one bearing surface designed to bear against the anode stem.5. Preheating connector according to claim 4 , characterized in that each bearing surface is a wall of a rotary roller.6. Preheating connector according to claim 4 , characterized in ...

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Номер записи: 53
07-05-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROLYSIS TANK USED FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS USING THE ELECTROLYZER

Номер: US20150122664A1
Автор: Fang Yulin, Sun Songtao
Принадлежит:

An electrolytic cell for aluminum electrolysis includes a cell body, in which an anode and a cathode are arranged inside the cell body, the cell body is filled with an electrolyte, and at least a part of the anode is immersed in the electrolyte; the anode is arranged above the cell body, the cathode is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell and is covered by aluminum liquid, the electrolyte is located between the anode and the cathode and covers the aluminum liquid; and an insulating layer is arranged on the inner sidewall of the cell body for isolating oxygen or the electrolyte from a carbon block. The anode contains Fe and Cu as primary components; and the electrolyte is composed of 30-38 wt % of NaF, 49-60 wt % of AlF, 1-5 wt % of LiF, 1-6 wt % of KF and 3-6 wt % of AlO, and the molar ratio of NaF to AlFis 1.0-1.52. 1. An electrolytic cell for aluminum electrolysis , comprising:a cell body, an anode and a cathode being arranged inside the cell body, the cell body being further filled with an electrolyte;the anode being arranged above the cell body, and at least a part of the anode being immersed in the electrolyte;the cathode being arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell and covered by a certain amount of aluminum liquid;the electrolyte being located between the anode and the cathode;wherein the anode contains the components including Fe, Cu, Ni and Sn, wherein Fe and Cu serve as primary components; and{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3, 'the electrolyte is composed of 30-38 wt % of NaF, 49-60 wt % of AlF, 1-5 wt % of LiF, 1-6 wt % of KF and 3-6 wt % of AlO, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to AlFis 1.0-1.52.'}2. The electrolytic cell according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom surface of the anode is kept parallel to the cell body claim 1 , and an insulating layer is arranged on the inner sidewall of the cell body and is used for isolating oxygen or the electrolyte from a carbon block.3. The electrolytic cell according to claim 1 , wherein a cell cover is ...

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Номер записи: 54
03-05-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING METAL BY ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION

Номер: US20180119299A1
Автор: DOUGHTY GREG
Принадлежит:

A method is provided for producing metal by electrolytic reduction of a feedstock comprising an oxide of a first metal. The method comprises the steps of arranging the feedstock in contact with a cathode and a molten salt within an electrolysis cell, arranging an anode in contact with the molten salt within the electrolysis cell, and applying a potential between the anode and the cathode such that oxygen is removed from the feedstock. The anode comprises a second metal, which at the temperature of electrolysis within the cell is a molten metal. The second metal is a different metal to the first metal. Oxygen removed from the feedstock during electrolysis reacts with the molten second metal to form an oxide comprising the second metal. Thus, oxygen is not evolved as a gas at the molten anode. 1. An apparatus for producing metal by electrolytic reduction of a feedstock comprising an oxide of a first metal and oxygen , the apparatus comprising a cathode and an anode arranged in contact with a molten salt in which the cathode is in contact with the feedstock and the anode comprises a molten metal , the molten metal being capable of forming an oxide.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , in which the molten metal is claim 1 , or is an alloy of claim 1 , any metal selected from zinc claim 1 , tellurium claim 1 , bismuth claim 1 , lead claim 1 , or magnesium.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , in which there is no carbon in contact with the molten salt. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/655,012; filed Jun. 23, 2015, which is the National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2013/077855, filed Dec. 20, 2013, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, including any figures, tables, nucleic acid sequences, amino acid sequences, or drawings.The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing metal by electrolytic reduction of a feedstock comprising an oxide of a first metal.The present ...

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Номер записи: 55
24-07-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROL PF LAYER FORMATION IN AN ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS CELL

Номер: US20140202873A1
Автор: Fetcu Dumitru, Salvador John, Sedlak Veroslav
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

An objective of the present invention is to provide a method and system for use for control of layer formation over an extended area in an aluminium electrolysis cell and exploitation of heat. A second object of the invention is to provide a method and system for use for control of layer formation suited for retrofitting to an aluminium electrolysis cell and maintainability during operations of the cell. 110.-. (canceled)11118100142144146. A system for use for control of layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell and exploitation of heat , said electrolysis cell comprising a sidelining () and a shell (); wherein a surface attached heat tube () is provided with means for attachment ( , , ) to said shell.12. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the heat tube is a heat pipe.13. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the heat tube is a thermosyphon.14. The system according to claim 13 , wherein the thermosyphon is provided with a substantially downward inclination.15. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the heat tube has a meandering shape.161408. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the heat tube is provided with at least one flat face () suited for attachment to the surface of the steel shell of the electrolysis cell.17140150. The system according to claim 16 , wherein the flat face () is provided with a longitudinal track ().18. The system according to claim 17 , wherein the longitudinal track runs parallel to the heat tube.19. The system according to claim 17 , wherein the longitudinal track runs in a meandering path with respect to the heat tube.2011812. A method for control of layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell said electrolysis cell comprising a sidelining () and a shell (); wherein a heat tube () provided with means for attachment to said shell is attached to said shell claim 17 , wherein heat is conducted away using said surface attached heat tube. 1. Technical FieldThe invention relates to heat regulation in general ...

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Номер записи: 56
14-05-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTIC METHOD, APPARATUS AND PRODUCT

Номер: US20150129432A1
Автор: Holloway Stephen, Wright Allen Richard
Принадлежит: METALYSIS LIMITED

In a method for removing a substance from a feedstock comprising a solid metal or a solid metal compound, the feedstock is contacted with a fused-salt melt. The fused-salt melt contains a fused salt, a reactive-metal compound, and a reactive metal. The fused salt comprises an anion species which is different from the substance, the reactive-metal compound comprises the reactive metal and the substance, and the reactive metal is capable of reaction to remove at least some of the substance from the feedstock. A cathode and an anode contact the melt, and the feedstock contacts the cathode. An electrical current is applied between the cathode and the anode such that at least a portion of the substance is removed from the feedstock. During the application of the current, a quantity of the reactive metal in the melt is maintained sufficient to prevent oxidation of the anion species of the fused salt at the anode. The method may advantageously be usable for removing the substance from successive batches of the feedstock, where the applied current is controlled such that the fused-salt melt after processing a batch contains the quantity of the reactive metal sufficient to prevent oxidation of the anion species at the anode. 1. A method for removing a substance from a feedstock comprising a solid metal or metal compound , comprising the steps of:providing a fused-salt melt comprising a fused salt, a reactive-metal compound and a reactive metal, the fused salt comprising an anion species which is different from the substance, the reactive-metal compound comprising the reactive metal and the substance, and the reactive metal being capable of reaction to remove at least a portion of the substance from the feedstock;contacting the melt with a cathode;contacting the cathode and the melt with the feedstock;contacting the melt with an anode; andapplying a current between the cathode and the anode such that at least a portion of the substance is removed from the feedstock;in which a ...

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Номер записи: 57
25-08-2022 дата публикации

MOLTEN SALT MEMBRANE ELECTROLYZER

Номер: US20220267918A1
Автор: Jastrzebski Maciej Urban, Johnston Timothy George
Принадлежит: LI-METAL CORP.

A molten salt, membrane electrolyzer apparatus may include an anolyte compartment containing a molten salt anolyte comprising primarily chloride salts and a lithium carbonate (LiCO) feed material. A first and second electrode assemblies each having respective anodes, cathode housings proximate the first anode within the anolyte compartment and in fluid contact with the molten salt anolyte and having a primary transfer portion comprising a porous membrane and cathodes positioned within the first catholyte compartment so that the primary transfer portion is disposed between respective anode and cathode. A power supply can be configured to apply an electric potential between the first anode and the first cathode that is sufficient to initiate electrolysis of lithium carbonate and is greater than the electric potential required to initiate LiCl electrolysis. 1. A process for producing lithium metal from lithium carbonate using an electrolyzer apparatus having a containment vessel defining an anolyte compartment containing a first anode and a second anode submerged in a common anolyte bath comprising chloride salts , the process comprising:a) providing a first cathode housing in the anolyte bath proximate the first anode, the first cathode housing defining a first catholyte compartment containing a first cathode and a molten salt catholyte and being at least partially bounded by a first primary transfer portion disposed between the first cathode and first anode and comprising a first porous membrane configured to permit migration of lithium ions and resist migration of carbonate ions;b) providing a second cathode housing in the anolyte bath proximate the second anode, the second cathode housing defining a second catholyte compartment containing a second cathode and the molten salt catholyte and being at least partially bounded by a second primary transfer portion disposed between the second cathode and second anode and comprising a second porous membrane configured to ...

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Номер записи: 58
16-04-2020 дата публикации

Metallic inert anode for the production of aluminum by electrolysis of a melt

Номер: US20200115812A1
Автор: Aleksandr Olegovich GUSEV, Aleksej Gennad'evich Burtsev, Dmitrij Aleksandrovich SIMAKOV
Принадлежит: Rusal Engineering and Technological Center LLC

The design of a metal inert anode is proposed, it is made in the form of a perforated structure with through-openings, in particular formed by longitudinal and transverse anode elements intersecting each other and limited by the lateral sides of the intersecting anode elements, and contains vertical or inclined fins that protrude from the bath and are integrated with the anode elements or a current conductor. As a result, it ensures a reduction in the voltage drop in the anode and in the bubble layer under the anode, a reduction in the anode overvoltage and anode consumption, an increase in current efficiency and the reliability of the cryolite-alumina crust, which leads to an increase in the anode service life and promotes the formation of a reliable and durable cryolite-alumina crust above the melt surface, which improves process efficiency.

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Номер записи: 59
31-07-2014 дата публикации

ALUMINUM SMELTER COMPRISING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS MADE FROM A SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIAL

Номер: US20140209457A1
Автор: Bardet Benoit, Duval Christian, MARTIN Olivier, Renaudier Steeve, Wan Tang Kuan Stéphane
Принадлежит: RIO TINTO ALCAN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

An aluminum smelter comprising: 1. An aluminum smelter comprising:(i) a series of electrolytic cells, designed for the production of aluminum, forming one or more rows,(ii) a supply station designed to supply the series of electrolytic cells with an electrolysis current,the said electricity supply station comprising two poles,(iii) a main electrical circuit through which the electrolysis current flows, having two extremities each connected to one of the poles of the supply station,(iv) at least one electrical conductor made of superconducting material through which an electrical current flows,characterized in that the at least one electrical conductor made of superconducting material is placed wholly or partly within an enclosure forming a magnetic shield.2. Aluminum smelter according to claim 1 , characterized in that the enclosure is formed from a superconducting material.3. An aluminum smelter according to claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one electrical conductor made of superconducting material is formed of a cable comprising a central core of copper or aluminum claim 1 , at least one fiber of superconducting material and a cryogenic casing.4. An aluminum smelter according to claim 3 , characterized in that a cooling fluid flows through the cryogenic casing.5. An aluminum smelter according to claim 4 , characterized in that the cooling fluid is liquid nitrogen and/or helium.6. Aluminum smelter according to claim 3 , characterized in that the enclosure is formed from a superconducting material and is arranged within the cryogenic casing of the cable forming the at least one electrical conductor made of superconducting material.7. An aluminum smelter according to claim 1 , characterized in that said at least one electrical conductor made of superconducting material extends over a length of ten meters or more.8. An aluminum smelter according to claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one electrical conductor made of superconducting material is ...

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Номер записи: 60
31-07-2014 дата публикации

ELECTRO-DEOXIDATION METHOD, APPARATUS AND PRODUCT

Номер: US20140209477A1
Автор: DOUGHTY GREG, Fray Derek John, SCHWANDT Carsten
Принадлежит:

The subject invention concerns an electro-decomposition process wherein a cathode comprising a metal compound is contacted with a fused salt electrolyte in an electrochemical cell. The metal compound is a compound between a metal and another substance, and a voltage is applied between the cathode and an anode such that the substance is removed from the metal compound. In the improved method, the applied voltage increases with time, either continuously or stepwise, up to a predetermined maximum voltage. In addition, or in the alternative, the fused salt composition is selected so as to maintain a predetermined concentration of the substance in the fused salt during electro-decomposition. 1. A method for removing a substance from a solid compound comprising the substance and a metal , comprising the steps of:a) contacting a cathode comprising the solid compound with a fused-salt electrolyte;b) contacting an anode with the electrolyte; andc) applying a voltage between the cathode and the anode which increases with time.2. The method according to claim 1 , in which the voltage increases substantially continuously with time.3. The method according to claim 1 , in which the voltage increases stepwise with time.4. The method according to claim 1 , in which the electrolyte comprises a cation and the voltage is applied such that the potential at the cathode increases to a potential which is less than a potential for continuous deposition of the cation from the electrolyte at the cathode.5. The method according to claim 1 , in which the voltage is applied such that the effective potential between the cathode and the anode increases to a potential which is less than a potential sufficient to cause continuous decomposition of the electrolyte.6. The method according to claim 1 , in which the voltage is applied such that the potential at the cathode increases from a potential which is insufficient to cause removal of the substance from the compound.7. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 61
02-05-2019 дата публикации

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC BATH HAVING CONTINUOUS ALUMINUM-FRAME ANODE WITH BUILT-IN CONDUCTORS

Номер: US20190127868A1
Автор: DANG Jianping, DANG Xingpei
Принадлежит:

An aluminum electrolytic bath having continuous aluminum-frame anode with built-in conductors, solving the problems of the existing aluminum electrolytic baths, such as poor electrical and thermal conductivity and exhausting capability, high energy consumption, complex operation, poor electrolytic bath stability, large amount of asphalt fumes and the difficulties in collecting the same and in electrolytic fume purification, few variety and poor quality of produced products, and influence on integrity of the anode, includes an aluminum-frame anode and a cathode. The disclosure greatly reduces power consumption and improves current efficiency, the stability and yield of the electrolytic bath. 11234562752628792. An aluminum electrolytic bath having a continuous aluminum-frame anode with built-in conductors , comprising the aluminum-frame anode and a cathode () located under the aluminum-frame anode , wherein the aluminum-frame anode includes an aluminum frame () with a carbon material () and the conductors () arranged therein; a first holding frame () and a second holding frame () are arranged around the aluminum frame (); a plurality of vertically placed anode guide rods () are respectively arranged between the first holding frame () and the aluminum frame () and between the second holding frame () and the aluminum frame (); an anode beam bus () is arranged at and connected to upper parts of the anode guide rods (); a shelling , blanking and exhausting mechanism () is arranged around the aluminum frame ().2561027115161. The aluminum electrolytic bath according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the first holding frame () and the second holding frame () are both provided with a plurality of pushing bolts () contacting with the aluminum frame () and the anode guide rods () claim 1 , and gas collecting hoods () are respectively arranged between an external wall of the first holding frame () and the cathode () and between an external wall of the second holding frame () and ...

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Номер записи: 62
03-06-2021 дата публикации

Precursor materials and methods for the preparation of nanostructured carbon materials

Номер: US20210164114A1
Автор: Ali Reza KAMALI
Принадлежит: Northeastern University Boston, Northeastern University China

The present invention belongs to the field of carbon materials and provides a precursor material and method for the preparation of carbon nanostructures. The invention directly uses rocks or mixtures of carbon raw materials with metal or metal oxide catalysts to prepare precursor materials. The precursor material is then wrapped by using metal wires and polarized in a molten salt system to prepare the nanostructured carbon material. Metals or metal oxides scattered in the carbon phase act as catalysts for the generation of nanostructured carbon materials; this precursor material can be easily obtained from natural rocks or by artificially synthesizing. Nanostructured carbon materials are composed of carbon nanoparticles, carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes. The preparation process is simple and easy to implement, and the resulting nanostructured material has high conductivity and can be used as an active material or additive for use in energy storage devices.

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Номер записи: 63
28-05-2015 дата публикации

Production of BN-Composite Materials

Номер: US20150144481A1
Автор: Etzion Ron, Jones Mark Ian, McIntosh Grant Jason, Metson James Bernard
Принадлежит: AUCKLAND UNISERVICES LIMITED

The invention comprises a process comprising infiltrating or infiltrating and coating a substrate with a boron-comprising precursor, and contacting the boron-comprising precursor with a nitrogen-comprising reactant to convert the boron-comprising precursor to BN or other a boron-nitrogen reaction product in the surface porosity or in the surface porosity and on the surface of the substrate. Composite materials comprising as one phase a substrate and BN or other a boron-nitrogen reaction product as a further phase, in surface porosity or in surface porosity and on a surface of the substrate, are claimed. 1. A process comprising:infiltrating or infiltrating and coating surface porosity of a substrate with a boron-comprising precursor, andcontacting the boron-comprising precursor with a nitrogen-comprising reactant to convert the boron-comprising precursor to a boron-nitrogen reaction product in the surface porosity or in the surface porosity and on the surface of the substrate.2. A process comprising:infiltrating or infiltrating and coating surface porosity of a substrate with a boron-comprising precursor, andcontacting the boron-comprising precursor with a nitrogen-comprising reactant to convert the boron-comprising precursor to BN in the surface porosity or in the surface porosity and on the surface of the substrate.3. A process according to wherein the substrate is a ceramic material.4. A process according to wherein the substrate comprises a carbide material.5. (canceled)6. A process according to wherein the substrate comprises a nitride material.7. (canceled)8. A process according to wherein the substrate comprises a carbide-nitride composite material.9. A process according to wherein the substrate comprises a silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide material.10. A process according to wherein the boron-comprising precursor comprises a borate.11. (canceled)12. A process according to wherein the boron-comprising precursor is infiltrated together with a nitrogen ...

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Номер записи: 64
28-05-2015 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TREATING PETROLEUM FEEDSTOCK CONTAINING ORGANIC ACIDS AND SULFUR

Номер: US20150144503A1
Автор: Gordon John Howard
Принадлежит:

Methods and systems of treating petroleum feedstock contaminated with naphthenic acids and sulfur are disclosed. The methods and systems include heating the petroleum feedstock to decompose the naphthenic acids, pressurizing to minimize the portion in the vapor phase, sweeping water vapor and carbon dioxide into a headspace with a non-oxidizing gas, removing water vapor and carbon dioxide from the headspace, reacting the sulfur with an alkali metal and a radical capping gas to convert the sulfur into alkali sulfides, and removing the alkali sulfides. Also disclosed is reacting the naphthenic acid with water and an oxide or hydroxide of an alkaline earth element to convert the naphthenic acid into naphthenates, removing water, ketonizing, removing oxides or carbonates, reacting the sulfur with an alkali metal and a radical capping gas to convert the sulfur into alkali sulfides, and removing the alkali sulfides. 1. A method for treating petroleum feedstock comprising:providing a petroleum feedstock comprising naphthenic acids and sulfur;heating the petroleum feedstock to decompose the naphthenic acids;pressurizing the petroleum feedstock to minimize a portion of the petroleum feedstock in a vapor phase;sweeping water vapor and carbon dioxide from the petroleum feedstock into a headspace with a non-oxidizing gas;removing water vapor and carbon dioxide from the headspace to promote naphthenic acid decomposition;reacting the sulfur with an alkali metal and a radical capping gas to convert the sulfur into alkali sulfides; andremoving the alkali sulfide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum feedstock is heated in a range of about 200° C. to about 425° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum feedstock is heated in a range of about 300° C. to about 400° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-oxidizing gas comprises hydrogen claim 1 , light hydrocarbon gas claim 1 , pyrolysis gas claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 65
17-05-2018 дата публикации

ELECTROREFINING OF MAGNESIUM FROM SCRAP METAL ALUMINUM OR MAGNESIUM ALLOYS

Номер: US20180135193A1
Автор: Das Subodh, Gesing Adam J., Gesing Mark A.
Принадлежит:

The invention comprises methods and apparatuses for the electrorefining of Mg from Al or Mg alloy scrap. The invention utilizes the density and charge features of Mg present in a melted alloy to continuously extract Mg and Mg alloys from a melted Al alloy feed. 134-. (canceled)35. A method of removing Mg from Al scrap while recovering primary quality Mg master alloys , comprising:a. melting Al scrap in a melter;b. delivering melted Al scrap to a Mg recovery electrorefiner including an anode and a cathode; andc. extracting from the melted Al scrap a Mg—Al alloy product at said cathode and an Al alloy product at said anode by applying a current between the cathode and the anode.36. The method of claim 35 , further comprising recirculation of the melted Al scrap between the melter and the electrorefiner so as to provide adequate time for the electrorefining to remove and recover Mg from the Al alloy melt.37. The method of claim 36 , further comprising introducing a fluoride-based molten salt electrolyte.38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising:(a) circulating said electrolyte molten salt to an electrolytic compartment;(b) increasing a temperature of said electrolyte molten salt to dissolve oxide contamination of said electrolyte molten salt; and{'sub': '2', '(c) electrolyzing said dissolved oxide to produce CO/CO gas on a sacrificial carbon anode and Mg or Al at the cathode.'}3945-. (canceled)46. A method for refining Mg from Al alloy scrap metal claim 37 , comprising:a. simultaneously melting scrap metal in a melter and continuously recirculating molten Al alloy between the melter and an electrorefining cell;b. flowing the molten Al alloy through the electrorefining cell, wherein the electrorefining cell comprises an upper cathode current supply block and a lower anode current collection block and a Mg product collection chamber above the upper cathode current supply block;c. maintaining the level of the molten Al alloy below the cathode current supply block ...

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Номер записи: 66
02-06-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR FABRICATING A DENSE, DIMENSIONALLY STABLE, WETTABLE CATHODE SUBSTRATE IN SITU

Номер: US20160151839A1
Автор: King Harry L.
Принадлежит:

Compositions suitable for use in an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum are provided. The compositions can contain a powder blend of boron oxide, a titanium dioxide, aluminum, and titanium diboride. The powder blend can be compacted into tiles and arranged as a cathode surface. The boron oxide and the titanium dioxide in the tiles can be made to react under low temperature molten aluminum to produce titanium diboride in situ. The reaction yields a dense dimensionally stable wettable cathode substrate that can reduce the power consumption in the aluminum electrowinning process. 1. An electrolytic cell for processing aluminum from alumina , comprising a cathode having improved wettability with molten aluminum , the cathode comprising the reaction product of a composition comprising:3 molar equivalents of boron oxide,3 molar equivalents of titanium dioxide,7-21 molar equivalents of titanium diboride; and20-40 molar equivalents of aluminum,wherein the composition reacts to fully convert the boron oxide and titanium dioxide to titanium diboride in situ in molten aluminum.2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in the form of a tile or a panel.3. A method for making a dense dimensionally stable wettable cathode for electrolytic processing of aluminum from alumina claim 1 , exhibiting reduced power consumption in the electrowinning process comprising:blending 3 molar equivalents of boron oxide, 3 molar equivalents of titanium dioxide, and 20-40 molar equivalents of aluminum to form a blend,combining 7 to 21 molar equivalents of titanium diboride with the blend to form a composite,pressing the composite into a tile, andheating the tile under molten aluminum from an initial temperature of 700° C. to produce the cathode,wherein the boron oxide and titanium dioxide reacts to fully convert to titanium diboride in situ.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the boron oxide claim 3 , the aluminum claim 3 , the titanium oxide claim 3 , and the titanium ...

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Номер записи: 67
24-06-2021 дата публикации

Formation of Lining Layers in the Cathode Shells of Aluminium Electrolytic Reduction Cells

Номер: US20210189577A1
Автор: Aleksandr Vladimirovich Proshkin, Aleksej Vasil'evich MOROZOV, Andrej Gennad'evich Sbitnev, Mikhail Aleksandrovich LANTSEVICH, Samuil Yakovlevich LEVENSON, Vitalij Valer'evich Pingin, Vyacheslav Andreevich Goldobin
Принадлежит: Rusal Engineering and Technological Center LLC

The invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy and the electrolytic production of aluminium, and can be used for lining the cathode assembly of an electrolytic cell. The present method consists in laying materials while simultaneously distributing same over the surface of a base and levelling them at a height measured from the plane of the top edge of the shell of the cathode assembly of the electrolytic cell by gradually moving a device for installing unformed lining materials along the longitudinal axis of the cathode of the aluminium electrolytic cell. Said device is configured in the form of a bridge equipped with a mechanical drive for movement. The bridge has guides on which a frame is mounted for vertical movement, said frame having cassettes provided with gates with a mechanical drive. The technical result is reduced labour costs, healthier working conditions for operatives, and better quality installation of the base of an electrolytic cell.

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Номер записи: 68
15-06-2017 дата публикации

Anode Assembly

Номер: US20170167039A1
Автор: BECASSE Sébastien, BILODEAU Jean-François, Fiot Laurent, LANGLOIS Steve, Laroche Denis
Принадлежит: RIO TINTO ALCAN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

Anode assembly () comprising an anode () and an anode support () for the production of aluminium, characterized in that the anode assembly () comprises an electrical connecting element () to electrically connect the anode support () with the anode (), and at least one thermally insulating element () arranged to reduct heat transfer between the anode () and the anode support () during the production of aluminium. 1. Anode assembly production of aluminum comprising an anode , an anode support , and an electrical connecting element having a sealing portion and a non-sealing portion for electrically connecting the anode support to the anode , wherein the anode comprises a recess in which is located the sealing portion of the electrical connecting element and wherein a seal formed of an electrically conductive material holds the electrical connecting element , characterized in that at least one thermally insulating element is arranged between two walls facing each other belonging to the non-sealing portion of the electrical connecting element and/or to the anode support to reduce heat transfer between the anode and the anode support during the production of aluminum.2. Anode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the two walls facing each other are electrically and mechanically connected by means of a bead of electrically conductive material.3. Anode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical connecting element extends in a direction of extension between the anode and the anode support and wherein at least one thermally insulating element extends in a plane transverse to the direction of extension.4. Anode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein at least one thermally insulating element is arranged between one wall of the electrical connecting element and one wall of the anode support.5. Anode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the anode assembly further comprises a bead of electrically conductive material arranged to electrically and mechanically ...

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Номер записи: 69
25-06-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREPARING ALUMINUM-ZIRCONIUM-BORON ALLOY AND SYNCHRONOUSLY PREPARING CRYLITE

Номер: US20150175436A1
Автор: CHEN Xuemin, LI Zhihong, Wei Shiming, WU Weiping, YANG Jun
Принадлежит:

A method for preparing an aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy and synchronously preparing a cryolite is provided. The method includes the following steps: Step A: placing aluminum in a reactor, heating the reactor to 700-850 degrees centigrade, and adding a mixture consisting of fluorozirconate and fluoborate in a molar ratio of x: y into the reactor; Step B: stirring the reactants for 4-6 hours and extracting the upper molten liquid to obtain a cryolite, wherein the lower substance is an aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy, and aluminum is added in an excess amount. The method provided herein for preparing an aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy which is mild in reaction condition, easy to control and simple in technical flow can prepare a high-quality product through a complete reaction, besides, the use of the synchronously prepared low molecular ratio cryolites (KF.AlFand NaF.AlF) in the aluminum electrolysis industry can achieve a proper electrical conductivity. 1. A method for preparing an aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy and synchronously preparing a cryolite , comprising: the following steps:Step A: placing aluminum in a reactor, heating the reactor to 700-850 degrees centigrade, and adding a mixture consisting of fluorozirconate and fluoborate in a molar ratio of x:y into the reactor;Step B: stirring the reactants for 4-6 hours and extracting the upper molten liquid to obtain a cryolite, wherein the lower substance is an aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy,wherein aluminum is added in an excessive amount.2. The method according to wherein in the aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy claim 1 , zirconium accounts for 1-10% by weight of the aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy claim 1 , boron accounts for 0.1-3% by weight of the aluminum-zirconium-boron alloy claim 1 , and the rest is aluminum.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the fluorozirconate is potassium fluozirconate claim 2 , and the fluoborate is potassium fluoborate.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 70
23-06-2016 дата публикации

ALUMINIUM ELECTROLYTIC POT RAMMING MACHINE

Номер: US20160177461A1
Автор: CÔTÉ Pascal, PUCELLA Giovanni
Принадлежит: STAS INC.

The present document describes a machine for compacting a ramming paste inside a gap between cathodes of an electrolytic cell. The machine comprises a guiding rod for providing a static pressure in a longitudinal axis which is coincident with the guiding rod; a vibration generator attached to the guiding rod for providing an oscillatory pressure; and a compaction tool attached to one of the guiding rod and the vibration generator for transmitting the static pressure and the oscillatory pressure to the ramming paste inside the gap. 1. A machine for compacting a ramming paste inside a gap between cathodes of an electrolytic cell , the machine comprising:a guiding rod for providing a static pressure in a longitudinal axis which is coincident with the guiding rod;a vibration generator attached to the guiding rod for providing an oscillatory pressure; anda compaction tool attached to one of the guiding rod and the vibration generator for transmitting the static pressure and the oscillatory pressure to the ramming paste inside the gap.2. The machine of claim 1 , further comprising a gantry claim 1 , wherein the guiding rod is adapted to be attached under the gantry for support.3. The machine of claim 2 , wherein the guiding rod further comprises a vibration isolation device for decoupling vibrations between the vibration generator and the gantry.4. The machine of claim 2 , further comprising a translation frame between the guiding rod and the gantry to enable translation of the guiding rod with respect to the gantry.5. The machine of claim 1 , wherein the vibration generator attached to the guiding rod is located under the guiding rod.6. The machine of claim 1 , wherein the vibration generator attached to the guiding rod is located above the guiding rod.7. The machine of claim 1 , wherein the vibration generator comprises eccentric weights which are enabled for rotating for providing the oscillatory pressure and which are adjustable manually for varying the oscillatory ...

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Номер записи: 71
18-09-2014 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PROTECTING ELECTROLYSIS CELL SIDEWALLS

Номер: US20140262807A1
Автор: DiMilia Robert A., Dynys Joseph M., JR. DOUGLAS A., Kerkhoff Jonell, LIU Xinghua, Phelps Frankie E., Weirauch
Принадлежит:

A system is provided including an electrolysis cell configured to retain a molten electrolyte bath, the bath including at least one bath component, the electrolysis cell including: a bottom, and a sidewall consisting essentially of the at least one bath component; and a feeder system, configured to provide a feed material including the least one bath component to the molten electrolyte bath such that the at least one bath component is within 2% of saturation, wherein, via the feed material, the sidewall is stable in the molten electrolyte bath. 1. A system , comprising: a bottom, and', 'a sidewall consisting essentially of the at least one bath component; and, 'an electrolysis cell configured to retain a molten electrolyte bath, the bath including at least one bath component, the electrolysis cell includinga feeder system, configured to provide a feed material including the least one bath component to the molten electrolyte bath such that the at least one bath component is within 2% of saturation,wherein, via the feed material, the sidewall is stable in the molten electrolyte bath.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the bath comprises a feed material at a content above its saturation limit.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the bath component comprises an average bath content of: within 1% of saturation.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the saturation of the bath component is: at least about 95% of saturation.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the saturation of the bath component is: not greater than 100% of saturation.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the bath component comprises a bath content saturation percentage measured at a location adjacent to the sidewall.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the location adjacent to the sidewall further comprises: not greater than 6″ from the wall.8. A system claim 6 , comprising: a bottom and a sidewall consisting essentially of alumina; and', 'a feeder system, configured to provide a feed material including alumina to the ...

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Номер записи: 72
21-06-2018 дата публикации

LEVELING ADDITIVES FOR ELECTRODEPOSITION

Номер: US20180171498A1
Автор: ABBOTT Joshua Garth, Freydina Evgeniya
Принадлежит: Xtalic Corporation

Leveling additives, their use in electrodeposition, and regeneration are described. In one embodiment, an electrodeposition bath may include a non-aqueous liquid and an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon. The optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon may be protonated. 1. An electrodeposition bath comprising:a non-aqueous liquid; andan optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon.25-. (canceled)6. The electrodeposition bath of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon has a concentration in the electrodeposition bath between or equal to about 0.5 weight percent and 10 weight percent relative to the non-aqueous liquid.7. The electrodeposition bath of claim 1 , wherein the optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon is a polymer.8. The electrodeposition bath of claim 1 , wherein a substituent of the optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon includes at least one of an alkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , and polyalkoxy chain.9. (canceled)10. A method comprising:electrodepositing a material in an electrodeposition bath, wherein the electrodeposition bath includes a non-aqueous liquid and an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon.1145-. (canceled)46. An electrodeposition system comprising: a non-aqueous liquid; and', 'an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon;, 'an electrodeposition bath including'}an anode at least partially immersed in the electrodeposition bath; anda cathode at least partially immersed in the electrodeposition bath.47. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/489,107, filed Sep. 17, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Disclosed embodiments are related to leveling additives for electrodeposition.In order to obtain smooth and dense metallic deposits during electrodeposition, it is a common practice to utilize additives that act as leveling additives. The additives are usually surface active, and adsorb onto areas of the surface with the highest ...

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Номер записи: 73
06-06-2019 дата публикации

ADVANCED ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS CELL

Номер: US20190169761A1
Автор: III Xinghua, Liu
Принадлежит:

In some embodiments, an electrolytic cell includes: an one anode module having a plurality of anodes; a one cathode module, opposing the anode module, and comprising a plurality of vertical cathodes, wherein each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of vertical cathodes are vertically oriented and spaced one from another; a cell reservoir; and a cell bottom supporting the cathode module, wherein the cell bottom comprise an first upper surface, a second upper surface, and a channel, wherein the plurality of vertical cathodes extends upward from the upper surfaces, wherein at least one cathode block is located below the plurality of vertical cathodes, wherein the first upper surface and the second upper surface are configured to direct substantially all of the liquid aluminum produced in the electrolytic cell to the channel, and wherein the channel is configured to receive liquid aluminum from the upper surfaces. 1. An electrolytic cell , comprising:at least one anode module having a plurality of anodes, wherein each of the plurality of anodes is an oxygen-evolving electrode; wherein each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of vertical cathodes have surfaces thereon that are vertically oriented and spaced one from another,', 'wherein the cathodes are wettable by molten aluminum, and wherein the at least one cathode module is coupled to a bottom of the electrolytic cell;, 'at least one cathode module, opposing the anode module, wherein the at least one cathode module comprises a plurality of vertical cathodes,'}a cell reservoir;an electrolyte disposed within the cell reservoir; anda cell bottom supporting the cathode module,wherein the cell bottom comprise an first upper surface, a second upper surface, and a channel,wherein the plurality of vertical cathodes extends upward from the upper surfaces,wherein the plurality of vertical cathodes are completely submerged in the electrolyte,wherein at least one cathode block is located below ...

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Номер записи: 74
18-09-2014 дата публикации

TITANIUM DIBORIDE GRANULES AS EROSION PROTECTION FOR CATHODES

Номер: US20140272116A1
Автор: ENGLER Martin, Victor Georg
Принадлежит: ESK CERAMICS GMBH & CO. KG

The invention relates to titanium diboride granules comprising aggregates of titanium diboride primary particles, wherein the titanium diboride granules have a rounded shape and are fracture-resistant. 1. Titanium diboride granules comprising aggregates of titanium diboride primary particles , wherein the titanium diboride granules have a rounded shape and are fracture-resistant.2. Titanium diboride granules according to claim 1 , wherein the compressive strength of the titanium diboride granules measured as maximum force before rupture of the granules in the pressure test is at least 5 N claim 1 , preferably at least 7 N claim 1 , further preferably at least 9 N and particularly preferably at least 12 N.3. Titanium diboride granules according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium diboride granules according to the invention comprise an inorganic binder claim 1 , preferably an oxidic binder.4. Titanium diboride granules according to claim 3 , wherein the inorganic binder comprises an Al compound selected from the group consisting of aluminium oxide (AlO) claim 3 , aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)) and boehmite (AlO(OH)) claim 3 , SiOor combinations thereof.5. Titanium diboride granules according to claim 3 , wherein the inorganic binder is an Al compound claim 3 , particularly preferably AlO.6. Titanium diboride granules according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium diboride granules have a mesh size between 1 and 10 mm claim 1 , preferably between 2 and 7 mm.7. Titanium diboride granules according to claim 1 , wherein at least 80 wt. % of the titanium diboride granules have a granule size of at least 2 mm.8. Method for producing titanium diboride granules according to claim 1 , comprising the stepsa) mixing titanium diboride powder with binder raw materials and/or adjuvants and/or solvents,b) producing titanium diboride granule raw bodies in the desired size,c) optionally drying and/or debindering to remove solvents and/or adjuvants andd) thermal treatment of the titanium ...

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Номер записи: 75
12-07-2018 дата публикации

MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYZER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL MAGNESIUM USING THE SAME AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TITANIUM SPONGE

Номер: US20180195151A1
Автор: Horikawa Matsuhide, Suzuki Daisuke
Принадлежит: TOHO TITANIUM CO., LTD.

A molten salt electrolyzer having a metal collection chamber, an electrolysis chamber, and two or more electrolytic cell units positioned in the electrolysis chamber. Each electrolytic cell unit has a cathode having an inner space in a prism form; at least one bipolar electrode in a rectangular cylinder form and disposed in the cathode inner space; and an anode in a prism form and disposed in an inner space of the bipolar electrode. At least part of individual planes forming an outer side of the bipolar electrode closest to the cathode faces a plane forming the prism-form inner space of the cathode. At least part of individual planes forming the inner side of the bipolar electrode closest to the anode faces a plane forming the prism of the anode. At least one plane of the cathode constitutes one plane of a cathode of another electrolytic cell unit. 1. A molten salt electrolyzer having a metal collection chamber and an electrolysis chamber , the molten salt electrolyzer having two or more electrolytic cell units in the electrolysis chamber ,wherein each electrolytic cell unit has a cathode having a space in a prism form, an anode in a prism form, and at least one bipolar electrode in a rectangular cylinder form,wherein the bipolar electrode is disposed in the inner space of the cathode, and the anode being disposed in the inner space of the bipolar electrode,wherein at least part of the individual planes forming the outer side of the rectangular cylinder of the bipolar electrode closest to the cathode faces the plane forming the prism-form space of the cathode,wherein at least part of the individual planes forming the inner side of the rectangular cylinder of the bipolar electrode closest to the anode faces the plane forming the prism of the anode, andwherein at least one plane of the cathode constitutes one plane of the cathode of another electrolytic cell unit.2. The molten salt electrolyzer according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the distance between the ...

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Номер записи: 76
02-10-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL BY MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYSIS AND APPARATUS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION METHOD

Номер: US20140291161A1
Автор: Awazu Tomoyuki, Majima Masatoshi
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method for obtaining a particular metal at high purity, with safety, and at low cost, from a treatment object containing two or more metal elements. The present invention provides a method for producing a metal by molten salt electrolysis, the method including a step of dissolving, in a molten salt, a metal element contained in a treatment object containing two or more metal elements; and a step of depositing or alloying a particular metal present in the molten salt, on one of a pair of electrode members disposed in the molten salt containing the dissolved metal element, by controlling a potential of the electrode members to a predetermined value. 1. A method for producing a metal by molten salt electrolysis , the method comprising:a step of dissolving, in a molten salt, a metal element contained in a treatment object containing two or more metal elements; anda step of depositing or alloying a particular metal present in the molten salt, on one of a pair of electrode members disposed in the molten salt containing the dissolved metal element, by controlling a potential of the electrode members to a predetermined value.2. The method for producing a metal by molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment object is an ore or a crude metal ingot obtained from the ore.3. The method for producing a metal by molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 ,wherein the method is a method for producing tungsten,a metal element contained in the treatment object is tungsten,in the step of dissolving, in a molten salt, a metal element from a treatment object, tungsten is dissolved from the treatment object, andin the step of depositing or alloying a particular metal, tungsten present in the molten salt is deposited on one of a pair of electrode members disposed in the molten salt containing dissolved tungsten, by controlling a potential of the electrode members to a predetermined value.4. The method for producing a metal by molten salt ...

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Номер записи: 77
21-07-2016 дата публикации

LOW RESISTANCE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES FOR PRODUCTION OF METALS

Номер: US20160208399A1
Автор: Berends William R.P., Haley Stephen D.
Принадлежит:

An electrode assembly for use in a reduction cell for the production of metal such as aluminum. The electrode comprises an electrically conductive carbon electrode block with an electrically conductive metal member connected thereto. At least one solid, conductive metal insert is at least partly received in the carbon electrode block with an interference fit, such that the insert exerts a lateral force on the carbon electrode block. The insert provides an improved electrically conductive connection between the carbon electrode block and the conductive metal member, with reduced resistance. The insert may provide a direct connection between the electrode block and the metal member, or the connection may be provided through a layer of cast iron or other metal element provided between the electrode block and the metal member. The electrode assembly may either comprise an anode or a cathode. 2. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein:the electrode is a pre-baked carbon anode,the first surface of the carbon electrode block is a bottom surface thereof,the electrically conductive metal member comprises a vertical conductor rod,the electrically conductive metal member further comprises a vertical stub at its first end, andthe carbon electrode block has a top surface opposite the bottom surface, a recess is formed in the top surface, with an end of the vertical stub being received in the recess.3. (canceled)4. The electrode assembly of claim 2 , wherein the second surface in which the insert extends comprises an inner surface of the recess claim 2 , the inner surface being selected from a bottom surface and a side surface of the recess.5. The electrode assembly of claim 4 , wherein the insert extends into the bottom surface of the recess and extends vertically downwardly therefrom; orwherein the insert extends into the side surface of the recess and extends radially outwardly therefrom; and/orwherein the insert is inclined downwardly and outwardly from said second ...

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Номер записи: 78
28-07-2016 дата публикации

MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYSIS APPARATUS AND PROCESS

Номер: US20160215405A1
Автор: Swanepoel Eugene, Terblanche Dewald, Van Vuuren David Steyn
Принадлежит:

The invention provides a process and an apparatus for the production of a metal selected from metallic alkali metals, M, and alkaline earth metals, Mfrom the molten salts thereof, the apparatus including at least an electrochemical cell with planar anodes and cathodes installed in the following sequence: {a-c-a)to produce alkali metal or alkaline earth metals electrolytically!y from the respective chloride salts thereof, wherein n represents the number of times the sequence of anode-cathode-anode is repeated. 120.-. (canceled)21. An apparatus for the production of a metal selected from metallic alkali metals , M , and alkaline earth metals , Mfrom the molten salts thereof , the apparatus including at least an electrochemical cell with planar anodes and cathodes installed in the following sequence: (a-c-a)to produce alkali metal or alkaline earth metals electrolytically from the respective chloride salts thereof , wherein n represents the number of times the sequence of anode-cathode-anode is repeated , and wherein a metal collector assembly is installed above each cathode to collect molten alkali metal or alkaline earth metal that floats to the top of the electrolyte from where it is withdrawn from the cell.22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the alkali metal claim 21 , M is selected from lithium and sodium.23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the alkaline earth metal Mis magnesium.24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21 , wherein diaphragms which are made of steel mesh claim 21 , perforated plate claim 21 , or slotted plates are installed between each pair of opposed anodes and cathodes.25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the metal collector assembly is electrically isolated from both the anodes and cathode of an anode-cathode-anode set while the metal collector assembly and the diaphragms are electrically connected to each other.26. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24 , wherein both the metal collector assembly and the ...

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Номер записи: 79
28-07-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING REFRACTORY METAL

Номер: US20160215406A1
Автор: AKIMOTO Bunji, AKIYAMA Koji, Ono Yuichi, SATO Motoshige, YAMABE Takahiro
Принадлежит: TOHO TITANIUM CO., LTD.

Provided is a method for producing metal by molten salt electrolysis, by which the metal can be efficiently produced. 17-. (canceled)8. A method for producing metal by using an apparatus for molten salt electrolysis having an electrolytic cell and an electrode pair , wherein the molten salt electrolysis in the electrolytic cell and heating of the molten salt by a Joule heat generation between a pair of electrodes for electrolysis are simultaneously performed; and wherein the apparatus for molten salt electrolysis has at least two sets of electrode pair , and at least one set of the electrode pairs is electrically opened.9. The method for producing metal according to claim 8 , wherein the electrically non-opened electrode pair is arranged such that the molten salt is uniformly heated by a Joule heat generation in the neighborhood of the electrically non-opened electrode pair.10. The method for producing metal according to claim 8 , wherein the electrolytic cell is a bipolar cell.11. The method for producing metal according to claim 8 , wherein the electrically opened electrode pair is connected after the molten salt in the electrolytic cell is completely kept in the molten state.12. The method for producing metal according to claim 8 , wherein the metal is magnesium claim 8 , aluminum claim 8 , or zinc.13. A method for producing refractory metal claim 12 , which is characterized by reducing metal chloride by using at least one metal selected from the metal produced by the method of .14. The method for producing refractory metal according to claim 13 , wherein the refractory metal is any one of titanium claim 13 , zirconium claim 13 , hafnium claim 13 , and silicon. The present invention relates to a method for producing metal by molten salt electrolysis, and in particular, an efficient method for producing metal by performing the molten salt electrolysis in an electrolytic cell and heating of the molten salt by a Joule heat generation from an electrode pair for ...

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Номер записи: 80
06-08-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR TREATING MAGNESIUM-BEARING ORES

Номер: US20150218720A1
Автор: FOURNIER Joël, Picard François
Принадлежит:

It is described a process for extracting magnesium from magnesium-bearing materials comprising the steps of leaching the magnesium-bearing material with HCl as to obtain a leachate comprising the magnesium in solution and a solid form; purify said leachate to produce magnesium chloride and electrolysing the magnesium chloride producing magnesium metal. 1. A process for extracting magnesium metal from a magnesium-bearing material , said process comprising:a. leaching the magnesium-bearing material with HCl as to obtain a leachate containing magnesium chloride; andb. electrolyzing the magnesium chloride for extracting magnesium metal.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of electrolyzing the magnesium chloride comprises using an electrolysis cell having a cathode and an anode wherein a source of hydrogen gas is delivered to the anode.3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising the step of dehydrating magnesium chloride contained in the leachate before the step of electrolyzing the leachate containing magnesium chloride to obtain magnesium metal.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein a two step fluidized bed is used for dehydrating the magnesium chloride.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising a drying step in a fluidized bed dryer followed by gaseous HCl drying to extract anhydrous magnesium chloride.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the dehydrated magnesium chloride is further dissolved in molten salt electrolyte.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein dry hydrochloric acid is added to proceed with the dehydration step.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising recycling said gaseous HCl by contacting it with water so as to obtain a composition having a concentration of about 25 to about 45 weight % and using said composition for leaching.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein said magnesium-bearing material is leached with HCl having a concentration of about 20 to about 45 weight % at a temperature of about 60 to about 125° C.10. (canceled)11. The ...

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Номер записи: 81
27-07-2017 дата публикации

INSULATION ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTROLYSIS CELL

Номер: US20170211196A1
Автор: "DAstolfo Leroy E.", Czekaj Steven A., Ruan Yimin
Принадлежит:

An insulation assembly is provided, including: a body of an insulating material with a lower surface configured to contact a sidewall an electrolysis cell; an upper surface generally opposed to the lower surface; and a perimetrical sidewall extending between the upper surface and the lower surface to surround the remainder of the body, the perimetrical sidewall including: an inner portion configured to face an anode surface of the electrolysis cell and provide a gap between the body and the anode surface of the electrolysis cell; wherein the body is configured to extend from the sidewall towards the anode surface. 1. An insulation assembly , comprising: a lower surface configured to contact a sidewall of an electrolysis cell;', 'an upper surface generally opposed to the lower surface; and', 'a perimetrical sidewall extending between the upper surface and the lower surface to surround the remainder of the body, wherein the perimetrical sidewall includes an inner portion, wherein the inner portion is configured to face an anode surface of the electrolysis cell, wherein the inner surface is constructed of a non-metallic material;, 'a body of an insulating material, the body havingwherein the body is configured to extend from the sidewall towards the anode surface;wherein the inner surface is configured to provide a gap between the body and the anode surface of the electrolysis cell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gap is at least 2 mm to not greater than 10 mm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein via the configuration of the gap claim 1 , the gap is self-seals with solidified bath.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body is at least 1″ thick to not greater than 10″ thick.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insulation assembly comprises a side aisle refractory block.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body comprises: refractory; alumina based refractory claim 1 , castable claim 1 , silica claim 1 , aluminosilicates claim 1 , calcium aluminates claim 1 , and ...

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Номер записи: 82
26-07-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PROTECTING ELECTROLYSIS CELL SIDEWALLS

Номер: US20180209056A1
Автор: DiMilia Robert A., Dynys Joseph M., LIU Xinghua, Martello Jeffrey S.
Принадлежит:

Broadly, the present disclosure relates to sidewall features (e.g. inner sidewall or hot face) of an electrolysis cell, which protect the sidewall from the electrolytic bath while the cell is in operation (e.g. producing metal in the electrolytic cell). 1. An electrolysis cell comprising:an anode;a cathode in spaced relation from the anode;a molten electrolyte bath in liquid communication with the anode and the cathode; wherein the cell body is configured to retain the molten electrolyte bath;', 'wherein the sidewall comprises: a polarized sidewall portion, wherein the polarized sidewall portion comprises not greater than 95% of the sidewall and is in liquid communication with the molten electrolyte bath, wherein the sidewall is from 5 mm thick to 500 mm thick., 'a cell body comprising a sidewall and a bottom,'}2. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion is one of:an anodically polarized sidewall, a cathodically polarized sidewall, and combinations thereof.3. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , wherein polarized sidewall portion comprises:a cathodically polarized sidewall, wherein the cathodically polarized sidewall is positioned below the bath-vapor interface and adjacent to the bottom of the cell body such that the cathodically polarized sidewall is in liquid communication with the bottom of the cell.4. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion comprises: at least 50% of surface of the inner sidewall.5. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes: a non-polarized sidewall portion claim 1 , wherein both the polarized sidewall portion and the non-polarized sidewall portion are adjacent to each other and in liquid communication with the molten electrolyte bath.6. The electrolysis cell of claim 1 , wherein the non-polarized sidewall portion is positioned above the cathodically polarized sidewall and is in communication with the bath-air interface.7. The electrolysis cell of claim 5 , ...

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Номер записи: 83
13-08-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROREFINING OF MAGNESIUM FROM SCRAP METAL ALUMINUM OR MAGNESIUM ALLOYS

Номер: US20150225864A1
Автор: Das Subodh, Gesing Adam J., Gesing Mark Adam
Принадлежит:

The invention comprises methods and apparatuses for the electrorefining of Mg from Al or Mg alloy scrap. The invention utilizes the density and charge features of Mg present in a melted alloy to continuously extract Mg and Mg alloys from a melted Al alloy feed. 1. A magnesium electrorefiner for recovering magnesium (Mg) from a feed material , comprising:(a) an anode current collecting block;{'sub': '1', '(b) an anode metal melt having a first density D;'}(c) a cathode current supply block;{'sub': '2', '(d) a cathode metal melt having a second density D; and'}{'sub': '3', '(e) an electrolyte layer, between said anode metal melt and said cathode metal melt, having a third density D.'}2. The electrorefiner of claim 1 , wherein D Подробнее

Номер записи: 84
09-08-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR LINING A CATHODE ASSEMBLY OF A REDUCTION CELL FOR PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY ALUMINUM (VARIANTS)

Номер: US20180223441A1
Автор: "Morozov Aleksej Vasilevich", "Pingin Vitalij Valerevich", Levenson Samuil Yakovlevich, PROSHKIN Aleksandr Vladimirovich, SBITNEV Andrej Gennad?evich, ZHERDEV Aleksej Sergeevich
Принадлежит: United Company RUSAL Engineering and Technology Centre LLC

The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the process equipment for electrolytic production of primary aluminum, namely to methods for lining cathode assemblies of reduction cells. The method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of aluminum comprises filling a cathode assembly shell with a thermal insulation layer, forming a fire-resistant layer followed by the compaction of layers, installing bottom and side blocks followed by sealing joints therebetween with a cold ramming paste. According to the first embodiment of the present invention, a resilient element made of a dense organic substance is placed between the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer. According to the second embodiment of the present invention, a flexible graphite foil is placed between the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer, and under the flexible graphite foil, a resilient element made of a dense organic substance is placed. The suggested variants of methods for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of primary aluminum allow to reduce energy consumption for reduction cell operation by means of improved stability of thermal and physical properties in a base and to increase the service life of reduction cells. 1. A method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of aluminum which comprises filling a cathode assembly shell with a thermal insulation layer , forming a fire-resistant layer followed by the compaction of layers , installing bottom and side blocks followed by sealing joints therebetween with a cold ramming paste , characterized in that a resilient element made of a dense organic substance is placed between the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the porosity of the fire-resistant layer is changed in the range of 15 to 22%.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized ...

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Номер записи: 85
19-08-2021 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MAGNESIUM AND CHLORINE AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

Номер: US20210254228A1
Автор: KHARIN Evgeniy Alekseevich, LOSHKAREV Sergey Alexandrovich
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to producing magnesium and chlorine from a solution of magnesium chloride-containing salts, using an electrolytic cell. A diaphragmless electrolytic cell includes: an electrolysis chamber with alternating anodes and cathodes; and a magnesium separation cell separated from the electrolysis chamber by a partition having upper V-shaped circulation channels and lower circulation channels. Electrolysis is carried out at 6-25 gas saturation of the electrolyte with chlorine bubbles in an interelectrode gap. The flow rate of the electrolyte in the upper circulation channels is 20-60. The ratio of current strength to electrolyte mass is 8-10. The ratio of the width of the electrolysis chamber to the width of the magnesium separation cell is 1.6-2.7. Additional channels are mounted in the partition, between the upper and lower circulation channels, said additional channels having a flow passage area of 0.016-0.048 of the area of the upper V-shaped channels. 2. A diaphragm-less electrolytic cell for performing the method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic cell comprises an electrolysis chamber having alternating anodes and cathodes claim 1 , a magnesium separation cell separated from the electrolysis chamber by a partition with upper V-shaped and lower circulation channels claim 1 , wherein a ratio of widths of the electrolysis chamber and the magnesium separation cell is 1.6÷2.7 claim 1 , additional channels are mounted in the partition between the upper V-shaped and lower channels claim 1 , the additional channels have a flow passage area equal to 0.016÷0.048 of an area of the upper V-shaped channels claim 1 , and the additional channels in the partition are made of a fusion cast crystalline mica material claim 1 , namely fluorophlogopite. The invention relates to the production of magnesium and chlorine from a magnesium chloride-containing salt melt by means of electrolysis.The prior art discloses a method for the production of magnesium ...

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Номер записи: 86
09-07-2020 дата публикации

Systems and methods for controlling heat loss from an electrolytic cell

Номер: US20200216971A1
Автор: Robert F. Baxter
Принадлежит: Bechtel Mining and Metals Inc

Systems and methods for controlling heat loss from an electrolytic cell in a smelting process using an adjustable fluid passage to control the heat loss from a preferred area of the electrolytic cell side walls based on operating conditions in the electrolytic cell, and to direct the waste heat from the electrolytic cell side walls back into the electrolytic cell.

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Номер записи: 87
23-08-2018 дата публикации

LINING OF A CATHODE ASSEMBLY OF A REDUCTION CELL FOR PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM, METHOD FOR INSTALLATION THEREOF AND REDUCTION CELL HAVING SUCH LINING

Номер: US20180237926A1
Автор: "Mann Viktor Khristyanovich", "Pingin Vitalij Valerevich", "Sbitnev Andrej Gennadevich", NAGIBIN Gennadij Efimovich, PROSHKIN Aleksandr Vladimirovich, SHTEFANYUK Yuriy Mikhailovich, ZHERDEV Aleksej Sergeevich
Принадлежит: United Company RUSAL Engineering and Technology Centre LLC

The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the electrolytic production of aluminum, more particularly to a structure of a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of aluminum. A lining of a cathode assembly of an aluminum reduction cell is provided which comprises a thermal insulation layer and a fire-resistant layer consisting of no less than two sub-layers, wherein the porosity of the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer increases from an upper sub-layer to a bottom sub-layer and the thickness ratio of the fire-resistant layer and the thermal insulation layer is no less than 1/3. Also, the present invention provides a method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell and a reduction cell having the claimed cathode assembly lining. The invention is aimed at the reduction of the cyanide content in upper thermal insulation layers and to provision of conditions for material reuse in the thermal insulation layer, waste reduction and improvement of the environmental situation on aluminum production facilities. 1. A lining of a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of aluminum which comprises bottom and side blocks interconnected with a cold ramming paste , a fire-resistant layer and a thermal insulation layer made of non-shaped materials , wherein the fire-resistant layer consists of an alumino-silicate material and the thermal insulation layer consists of non-graphitic carbon or a mixture thereof with an alumino-silicate or alumina powder , characterized in that the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer consist of no less than two sub-layers , wherein the porosity of the thermal insulation and fire-resistant layers increases from an upper sub-layer to a bottom sub-layer and the thickness ratio of the fire-resistant layer and the thermal insulation layer is no less than 1/3.2. The lining of claim 1 , characterized in that the thickness ratio of the fire-resistant layer and the ...

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Номер записи: 88
09-09-2021 дата публикации

SELECTIVE SULFIDATION AND DESULFIDATION

Номер: US20210277531A1
Автор: Allanore Antoine, Stinn Caspar R.
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments utilize selective sulfidation and/or desulfidation for such things as ore and concentrate cracking, metal separation, compound production, and recycling. Selective sulfidation can be used to selectively convert an oxide or other material in a feedstock to a sulfide or other sulfur-containing material, and selective desulfidation can be used to selectively convert a sulfide or other sulfur-containing material in a feedstock to an oxide or other material. In some cases, the material produced by such selective sulfidation/desulfidation of the feedstock can itself be novel and/or commercially valuable, while in other cases, such selective sulfidation/desulfidation can be followed by one or more processes to extract, isolate, or concentrate the converted material. 1. A process for selective sulfidation of a target metal compound of a feedstock material , the process comprising:introducing a feedstock material into a reactor, the feedstock material containing a target metal compound consisting of a metal oxide, oxysulfide, carbonate, sulfate, or sulfide;producing a flow of sulfur-containing gas within the reactor; andpassing the flow of sulfur-containing gas through the feedstock material while controlling a roasting atmosphere in the reactor about the feedstock material including at least a process temperature and a ratio of sulfur to sulfur dioxide chosen for selective sulfidation of the target component to produce selectively sulfidized compound including a sulfate, oxysulfide, or sulfide of the target metal, the ratio of sulfur to sulfur dioxide being maintained above a predetermined critical ratio for such selective sulfidation of the target metal compound.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the selective sulfidation is run as a continuous or semi-continuous process.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the selective sulfidation includes high temperature selective sulfidation of an individual metal oxide claim 1 , sulfate claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 89
08-09-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PROTECTING ELECTROLYSIS CELLS

Номер: US20160258072A1
Автор: DiMilia Robert A., Dynys Joseph M., LIU Xinghua, Martello Jeffrey S.
Принадлежит:

Broadly, the present disclosure relates to sidewall features (e.g. inner sidewall or hot face) of an electrolysis cell, which protect the sidewall from the electrolytic bath while the cell is in operation (e.g. producing metal in the electrolytic cell). 2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion is one of:an anodically polarized sidewall, a cathodically polarized sidewall, and combinations thereof.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion comprises:a cathodically polarized sidewall, wherein the cathodically polarized sidewall is positioned below the bath-vapor interface and adjacent to the bottom of the cell body such that the cathodically polarized sidewall is in liquid communication with the bottom of the cell.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the polarized sidewall portion comprises:at least 50% of surface of the inner sidewall.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a non-polarized sidewall portion, wherein both the polarized sidewall portion and the non-polarized sidewall portion are adjacent to each other and in liquid communication with the molten electrolyte bath.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the non-polarized sidewall portion is positioned above the cathodically polarized sidewall and is in communication with the bath-air interface.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the non-polarized sidewall portion is selected from the group consisting of:a thermal conductor; a frozen ledge device, and combinations thereof.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein when the non-polarized sidewall portion comprises the thermal conductor claim 7 , wherein the thermal conductor is adjacent to the polarized sidewall portion and in liquid communication with at least one of: (a) a metal pad and (b) a cell bottom claim 7 , wherein the thermal conductor is configured to accept heat from the molten electrolyte bath adjacent to a thermal conductor contact point claim 7 , wherein claim 7 , via the thermal ...

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Номер записи: 90
23-09-2021 дата публикации

Electrolyzer

Номер: US20210292918A1
Автор: Toru Sukigara, Wataru Shimizu
Принадлежит: Honda Motor Co Ltd

The present disclosure is intended to provide an electrolyzer capable of selectively recovering lithium. The electrolyzer recovers lithium ions Li+ from a material M. The electrolyzer includes: a pair of electrodes; and a cation exchange membrane provided between the pair of electrodes and having a lithium ion conductivity. The cation exchange membrane allows, among cations contained in the material M, more lithium ions Li+ to pass therethrough than other cations Ca2+ and Na+. The electrolyzer is configured to apply a voltage between the pair of electrodes.

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Номер записи: 91
01-10-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LINING THE CATHODE OF THE ELECTROLYTIC CELL

Номер: US20150275381A1
Автор: "Morozov Aleksey Vasilevich", "PINGIN Vitaliy Valerevich", Levenson Samuil Yakovlevich, PROSHKIN Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to method and apparatus for lining the cathode of the electrolytic cell. The method comprises filling the cell's shell with powder material, leveling it with a rack, covering the fill material with a dust-proof film, and compaction. Compaction is performed in two stages: preliminary static and final dynamic treatment by consequent movement of static and dynamic work tools of compaction along the longitudinal axis of the cathode of the electrolytic cell through a cushion, which is made of at least 2 layers: a lower layer, which prevents pushing powder material forward in the direction of travel, and an upper layer, which provides for a coupling between the cushion and the static work tool. Static treatment unit of the apparatus is designed in the form of a roller with a drive, is connected to a dynamic treatment unit with a vibratory exciter by means of elastic elements, providing for a simultaneous movement relative to both the horizontal and vertical axes of the roller. The invention helps slow down the rate of penetration of molten fluoride salts into the cathode thermal insulation and increase the operating life of the cell. 1. A method for lining the cathode of the electrolytic cell , comprising filling the cell's shell with powder material , leveling it with a rack , covering the fill material with a dust-proof film , and compaction performed in two stages: preliminary static and final dynamic impact (compaction) , by consequent movement of static and dynamic work tools of compaction along the longitudinal axis of the cathode of the electrolytic cell through a cushion , wherein the cushion is made of at least 2 layers: a lower layer , which prevents pushing powder material forward in the direction of travel , and an upper layer , which provides for a coupling between the cushion and the static work tool.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hardness of the cushion varies in the range of 80 to 270 Nm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 92
08-10-2015 дата публикации

LINING FOR AN ALUMINUM ELECTROLYZER HAVING INERT ANODES

Номер: US20150284863A1
Автор: "Burtsev Aleksey Gennadevich", "Grigorev Vyacheslav Georgievich", "Shemet Yuriy Vasilevich", Efremov Boris Sergeevich, Ermakov Aleksandr Victorovich, GUSEV Aleksandr Olegovich, Skuratov Sergey Vladimirovich, Tepikin Sergey Viktorovich
Принадлежит: United Company RUSAL Engineering and Technology Centre

The invention provides a lining for an aluminium electrolyzer having inert anodes and is enclosed in a cathode casing comprising a bottom formed from taller blocks having projections and shorter bottom blocks. The shorter bottom blocks are mounted at the ends of the bottom of the cathode device. The shorter bottom blocks alternate with the taller bottom blocks having projections. Vertical channels are provided in the projections of the blocks over the entire thickness of the block for the mounting of conductive elements formed from aluminium and are attached in the lower part to a current-carrying collector that is in the form of a plate which extends out of the ends of the bottom blocks and through the longitudinal sides of the cathode casing. 1. Lining of an aluminum electrolyzer with inert anodes , enclosed in a cathode casing , including a bottom made from refractory noncarbon material , and conductive elements of aluminum , which are liquid in the upper part in contact with the aluminum melt and solid in the lower part , and installed passing vertically through the bottom , characterized in that the bottom is made of taller bottom blocks having projections and shorter bottom blocks , the shorter bottom blocks being mounted at the end faces of the bottom , wherein the shorter bottom blocks alternate with the taller bottom blocks having projections , and vertical channels are provided in the projections of the blocks over the entire thickness of the block for the mounting of the conductive elements , while the conductive elements are fastened in the lower part to a current-carrying collector in the form of a plate which extends horizontally out from the end faces of the bottom blocks and through the longitudinal sides of the cathode casing.2. Lining of an aluminum electrolyzer according to claim 1 , characterized in that the conductive elements are L-shaped or T-shaped.3. Lining of an aluminum electrolyzer according to claim 1 , characterized in that the bottom ...

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Номер записи: 93
28-09-2017 дата публикации

Process for recovering alkali metals and sulfur from alkali metal sulfides and polysulfides

Номер: US20170275771A9
Автор: John Howard Gordon
Принадлежит: Field Upgrading Ltd

Alkali metals and sulfur may be recovered from alkali monosulfide and polysulfides in an electrolytic process that utilizes an electrolytic cell having an alkali ion conductive membrane. An anolyte includes an alkali monosulfide, an alkali polysulfide, or a mixture thereof and a solvent that dissolves elemental sulfur. A catholyte includes molten alkali metal. Applying an electric current oxidizes sulfide and polysulfide in the anolyte compartment, causes alkali metal ions to pass through the alkali ion conductive membrane to the catholyte compartment, and reduces the alkali metal ions in the catholyte compartment. Liquid sulfur separates from the anolyte and may be recovered. The electrolytic cell is operated at a temperature where the formed alkali metal and sulfur are molten.

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Номер записи: 94
28-09-2017 дата публикации

Electrode Configurations for Electrolytic Cells and Related Methods

Номер: US20170275773A1
Автор: LIU Xinghua
Принадлежит:

In one embodiment, an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum from alumina includes: at least one anode module having a plurality of anodes; at least one cathode module, opposing the anode module, wherein the at least one cathode module comprises a plurality of cathodes, wherein the plurality of anodes are suspended above the cathode module and extending downwards towards the cathode module, wherein the plurality of cathodes are positioned extending upwards towards the anode module, wherein each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes are alternatingly positioned, wherein the plurality of anodes is selectively positionable in a horizontal direction relative to adjacent cathodes, wherein the anode module is selectively positionable in a vertical direction relative to the cathode module, and wherein a portion of each of the anode electrodes overlap a portion of adjacent cathodes. 1. An electrolytic cell , comprising:at least one anode module having a plurality of anodes, wherein each of the plurality of anodes is an oxygen-involving electrode;at least one cathode module, opposing the anode module, wherein the at least one cathode module comprises a plurality of cathodes, wherein each of the plurality of anodes and each of the plurality of cathodes have surfaces thereon that are vertically oriented and spaced one from another, wherein the cathodes are wettable, and wherein the at least one cathode module is coupled to a bottom of the electrolytic cell;a cell reservoir;an electrolyte disposed within the cell reservoir; anda metal pad disposed within the cell reservoir,wherein the plurality of anodes are at least partially immersed in the electrolyte and suspended above the cathode module and extending downwards towards the cathode module,wherein the plurality of cathodes are completely immersed in the electrolyte,wherein the plurality of cathodes are positioned in the cell reservoir extending upwards towards the anode module,wherein ...

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Номер записи: 95
29-08-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL LITHIUM

Номер: US20190264343A1
Автор: JUNG Woo Chul, Park Dae Yeob, Park Kwang Seok, PARK Woon kyoung
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for producing metallic lithium, and specifically a method for preparing lithium metal according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: preparing lithium phosphate; preparinge a mixture by adding a chlorine compound to the lithium phosphate; heating the mixture; obtaining lithium chloride by reacting the lithium phosphate and the chloride compound in the mixture; producing molten lithium metal by electrolyzing the lithium chloride; and recovering the molten lithium metal is disclosed. 1. A method for preparing lithium metal , comprising:preparing lithium phosphate;preparinge a mixture by adding a chlorine compound to the lithium phosphate;heating the mixture;obtaining lithium chloride by reacting the lithium phosphate and the chloride compound in the mixture;producing molten lithium metal by electrolyzing the lithium chloride; andrecovering the molten lithium metal.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:supplying the obtained lithium chloride continuously to a electrolytic bath where electrolysis is performed, after the step of obtaining lithium chloride by reacting the lithium phosphate and the chloride compound in the mixture.3. The method of claim 1 ,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the chloride compound is calcium chloride (CaCl) or calcium chloride hydrate.'}4. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the step of heating the mixture is carried out in a temperature range of 500° C. to 900° C.5. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the step of heating the mixture is carried out for 1 hour or more.6. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the step of heating the mixture is carried out in an air atmosphere.7. The method of claim 1 ,wherein in the step of heating the mixture, the mixture further comprises lithium chloride, potassium chloride, or a mixture thereof.8. The method of claim 1 ,{'sub': 5', '4', '3, 'wherin in the step of obtaining lithium chloride by reacting the lithium phosphate and the chloride compound in the mixture, ...

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Номер записи: 96
20-08-2020 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MOLTEN OXIDE ELECTROLYSIS

Номер: US20200263313A1
Автор: Bradshaw Richard, Humbert Matthew, Hyers Robert, Lambotte Guillaume
Принадлежит:

Metallurgical assemblies and systems according to the present technology may include a refractory vessel including sides and a base. The base may define a plurality of apertures centrally located within the base. The sides and the base may at least partially define an interior volume of the refractory vessel. The assemblies may include a lid removably coupled with the refractory vessel and configured to form a seal with the refractory vessel. The lid may define a plurality of apertures through the lid. The assemblies may also include a current collector proximate the base of the refractory vessel. The current collector may include conductive extensions positioned within the plurality of apertures centrally located within the base. 1. A metallurgical assembly comprising:a refractory vessel including sides and a base, wherein the base defines a plurality of apertures centrally located within the base, and wherein the sides and the base at least partially define an interior volume of the refractory vessel;a lid removably coupled with the refractory vessel and configured to form a seal with the refractory vessel, wherein the lid defines a plurality of apertures through the lid; anda current collector proximate the base of the refractory vessel, wherein the current collector includes conductive extensions positioned within the plurality of apertures centrally located within the base.2. The metallurgical assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a gas seal coupled about a first aperture of the plurality of apertures defined through the lid claim 1 , wherein the gas seal is configured to receive and pass a movable anode through the gas seal and first aperture defined through the lid.3. The metallurgical assembly of claim 2 , wherein the gas seal is configured to limit gas release from the refractory vessel through the first aperture of the plurality of apertures defined through the lid.4. The metallurgical assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of apertures defined ...

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Номер записи: 97
25-11-2021 дата публикации

Multilayer transition joint for aluminum smelter and method of making

Номер: US20210363652A1
Автор: David Gauthier
Принадлежит: DMC Global Inc

A composite transition joint is described. The transition joint includes a plurality of metal layers that are metallurgically bonded together. The metal layers include a base layer, an interlayer bonded to the base layer, and a top layer bonded to the interlayer. The top layer includes an aluminum manganese alloy and includes a thickness of at least 15 mm. The composite transition joint may bond a current stem to an anode of an aluminum smelter. The transition joint increases the length of the current stem, without impacting electrical conductivity of the current stem.

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Номер записи: 98
05-09-2019 дата публикации

CATHODE ASSEMBLY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM

Номер: US20190271092A1
Автор: MIELNIK Seweryn, MINKINA Mariusz, PFEFFER Markus, PFEFFERER Florian, SUM Elaine, VERA-GARCIA Oscar
Принадлежит: COBEX GmbH

A novel cathode assembly and its use for the production of aluminum in an electrolysis cell. 116-. (canceled)17. Cathode assembly for the production of aluminum comprising:at least one cathode block on the basis of carbon and/or graphite, at least one current collector system of a highly electrically conductive material having an electrical conductivity greater than that of steel, wherein the terminal end parts of the at least one current collector system are extending outside of the at least one cathode block and/or are within the at least one cathode block wherein at least one part, preferably all parts of the at least one current collector system is/are sloping upwards when viewed over the length of the cathode block.18. Cathode assembly according to claim 17 , wherein the at least one current collector system has at least one insert having a non-branched or a branched configuration.19. Cathode assembly according to claim 17 , wherein the highly electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of metals claim 17 , alloys claim 17 , metal carbon composites claim 17 , graphenes claim 17 , graphites and carbon composites.20. Cathode assembly according to claim 19 , wherein the highly electrically conductive material is a metal or an alloy.21. Cathode assembly according to claim 17 , wherein there is either a direct contact between the at least one cathode block and the at least one current collector system or at least one layer of electrically conductive material is in between the at least one cathode block and the at least one current collector system.22. Cathode assembly according to claim 17 , wherein the terminal end parts of the at least one current collector system extending outside of the at least one cathode block and/or being within the at least one cathode block is connected to an external bus bar system by a conductive coupling link.23. Cathode assembly according to claim 22 , wherein the conductive coupling link is selected from a ...

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Номер записи: 99
05-10-2017 дата публикации

APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR VERTICAL ELECTROLYSIS CELLS

Номер: US20170283968A1
Автор: Mosser Benjamin D., Sworts Lance M.
Принадлежит:

In one embodiment, the disclosed subject matter relates to an electrolytic cell that has: a cell reservoir; a cathode support retained on a bottom of the cell reservoir, wherein the cathode support contacts at least one of: a metal pad and a molten electrolyte bath within the cell reservoir, wherein the cathode support includes: a body having a support bottom, which is configured to be in communication with the bottom of the electrolysis cell; and a support top, opposite the support bottom, having a cathode attachment area configured to retain a at least one cathode plate therein. 1. An electrolytic cell , comprising:a cell reservoir;a cathode support retained on a bottom of the cell reservoir, wherein the cathode support contacts at least one of: a metal pad and a molten electrolyte bath within the cell reservoir, 'a body having a support bottom, which is configured to be in communication with the bottom of the electrolysis cell, and a support top, opposite the support bottom, having a cathode attachment area configured to retain a at least one cathode plate therein.', 'wherein the cathode support includes2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cathode attachment area of the cathode support comprises: surface grooves on an upper surface of the cathode support claim 1 , where the grooves are configured to a sufficient depth to retain one of the at least one cathode plate.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cathode attachment area of the cathode support comprises: 'a second plurality of beams connecting the first plurality of beams.', 'a first plurality of beams comprising one or more grooves formed in a surface of the first plurality of beams, wherein the one or more grooves are configured to retain the at least one cathode plates; and'}4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode plate in the cathode attachment area is configured such that edges of a first cathode plate touch edges of the cathodes plates which oppose the first cathode ...

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Номер записи: 100