Method and apparatus for making curled decorative grass

Curled decorative grass having a variety of configurations and methods for making such decorative grass is provided which, because of its increased bulk, can also be used as a packing material, animal bedding, cat litter, mulch for soil, and a media for plants. The curled decorative grass is produced by curling a substantially flat sheet of material and thereafter cutting the resulting curled sheet of material, or by cutting a pre-curled material.

Base For Turf System

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for water flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

Filling structure for synthetic turf

“FILLING STRUCTURE FOR SYNTHETIC TURF” comprising artificial grass ( 1 ) provided with synthetic mat ( 2 ) from which filaments ( 3 ) protrude, being that under the synthetic mat ( 2 ) a filling layer ( 4 ), formed by sand and plant materials, such as rice husk, soybean hulls, coconut, sugar cane and bamboo fiber, is noted both in the form of fibers and/or grated, arranged between the filaments ( 4 ).

ARTIFICIAL TURF AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

Disclosed is an artificial turf. In the present disclosure, nylon is used as the main material. Through selecting straight fibers and curve fibers with certain cross-sectional shapes, lengths and widths and using the straight fiber and curve fiber together, the obtained grass fibers not only have relatively good temperature resistance, but also good handfeed, wear resistance, anti-aging performance, grass fiber resilience, trampling resistance and grass uprightness. 1. An artificial turf , comprising a base mat , artificial grass fibers clustered on the base mat and a backing layer adhered to the back side of the base mat , wherein the artificial grass fiber comprises a straight fiber and a curve fiber , and the material of the straight fiber is PA , and the material of the curve fiber is at least one selected from PA and PP.2. The artificial turf according to claim 1 , wherein the straight fiber has at least one cross-sectional shape claim 1 , and the curve fiber has at least one cross-sectional shape.3. The artificial turf according to claim 2 , wherein the cross-sectional shape of the straight fiber is one or more selected from diamond shape claim 2 , olive shape claim 2 , rectangle claim 2 , triangle claim 2 , double-diamond shape claim 2 , wave shape claim 2 , ribbed shape claim 2 , three-ribbed shape claim 2 , clover shape claim 2 , hollow shape claim 2 , C shape claim 2 , D shape claim 2 , X shape claim 2 , S shape claim 2 , W shape claim 2 , V shape claim 2 , U shape and M shape claim 2 , and the straight fiber also may be a net-like fiber; the cross-sectional shape of the curve fiber is one or more selected from rectangle claim 2 , diamond shape claim 2 , olive shape and ribbed shape; and the straight fiber and/or the curve fiber have a bright and/or matt surface effect.4. The artificial turf according to claim 2 , wherein the cross-sectional shape of the straight fiber is diamond and/or olive shape claim 2 , and the lengths of two diagonals of the diamond ...

Artificial Turf for Simulating Natural Grass

An artificial turf simulating natural grass, including: a base fabric, artificial grass yarns tufting on the base fabric and a latex backing on the back of the base fabric. The artificial grass yarns have at least two different forms including a straight form and a curly form, and the straight artificial grass yarns have at least two different colors. Alternatively, the artificial grass yarns have at least a straight form and a curly form tuft on a base fabric and the straight artificial grass yarns are provided with at least two different colors, such that the appearance of the formed artificial turf has a better natural grass simulation effect, and combinations can be made according to specific functional requirements of the application of the artificial turf, thus improving applicability of the artificial turf.

PLAYING SURFACE ASSEMBLIES AND SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

A playing surface assembly that defines at least a portion of a playing surface. The playing surface assembly has a backing, a plurality of reinforcement elements secured to and extending upwardly from the backing, and an infill material defining a top surface of the playing surface assembly. Each reinforcement element has a top end and a reveal distance corresponding to a vertical spacing between the top surface of the playing surface assembly and the top end of the reinforcement element. The reveal distance of each reinforcement element is less than 0.5 inches. In use, the reinforcement elements restrict lateral and vertical migration of the infill material, and the infill material is the primary source of performance characteristics of the playing surface assembly. 1. A playing surface assembly that defines at least a portion of a playing surface , the playing surface assembly comprising:a backing having a top surface;a plurality of reinforcement elements secured to and extending upwardly from the backing; andan infill material defining a top surface of the playing surface assembly and having a height measured from the top surface of the backing,wherein each reinforcement element of the plurality of reinforcement elements has a top end and a reveal distance corresponding to a vertical spacing between the top surface of the playing surface assembly and the top end of the reinforcement element, wherein a ratio between the height of the infill material and the reveal distance of each reinforcement element is at least 7:1, wherein the plurality of reinforcement elements are configured to restrict lateral and vertical migration of the infill material, and wherein the infill material is the primary source of performance characteristics of the playing surface assembly, andwherein the plurality of reinforcement elements have a color that matches or substantially matches a color of the infill material.2. The playing surface assembly of claim 1 , wherein the playing ...

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL TURF

A machine for manufacturing artificial turf includes a fiber inserter configured to incorporate artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing to form the artificial turf. The artificial turf includes an underside and an artificial turf surface. The machine further includes a coater configured to coat the underside with a colloidal latex coating. The colloidal latex coating has an exposed surface. The machine further includes an applicator configured to welt an exposed surface of the colloidal latex coating with an anti-blistering agent. The machine further includes a heater configured to heat the underside to cure the colloidal latex coating into a solid latex coating. 124-. (canceled)25. A machine for manufacturing artificial turf , wherein the machine comprises:a fiber inserter configured for incorporating artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing to form the artificial turf, wherein the artificial turf comprises an underside and an artificial turf surface;a coater configured for coating the underside with a colloidal latex coating, wherein the colloidal latex coating has an exposed surface;an applicator configured for wetting the exposed surface of the colloidal latex coating with an anti-blistering agent, wherein the applicator is configured for spraying, or atomizing, or aerosoling the anti-blistering agent onto the exposed surface; anda heater configured for heating the underside to cure the colloidal latex coating into a solid latex coating.26. The machine of claim 25 , wherein the coater comprises a lick roll or the coater comprises a dispenser configured for dispensing the colloidal latex with a knife over roll applicator for leveling the dispensed colloidal latex.27. The machine of claim 25 , wherein the heater comprises a first heat control element for maintaining a first temperature range across the underside claim 25 , wherein the heater comprises a second heat control element for maintaining a second temperature range across the ...

WOVEN GEOTEXTILE FILTRATION FABRICS INCLUDING CORE-SHEATH SPUN YARNS

Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of woven filtration fabrics that include core-sheath spun yarns in either or both of the warp and weft directions. 1. A woven geotextile filtration fabric comprising:core-sheath spun yarn in one of a warp direction and a weft direction, the core-sheath spun yarn including a polypropylene or polyester core and a polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath having a round, oval, or multi-lobed cross section; andpolypropylene or polyester yarn in the other one of the warp and weft directions and having a round, oval, or multi-lobed cross-section;wherein the polypropylene or polyester core comprises monofilament yarn having a round, oval, or multi-lobed cross section, fibrillated yarn, or filament yarn; and2. The woven geotextile filtration fabric of claim 1 , wherein the polypropylene or polyester yarn in the other one of the warp and weft directions comprises polypropylene monofilament yarn having an oval claim 1 , round claim 1 , or multi-lobed cross section.3. The woven geotextile filtration fabric of claim 1 , wherein:the polypropylene or polyester yarn in the other one of the warp and weft directions comprises polypropylene monofilament yarn having an oval, round, or multi-lobed cross section;the polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath comprises a polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate fiber sheath having a round cross section; andthe polypropylene or polyester core comprises polypropylene monofilament yarn having a round cross section, polypropylene fibrillated yarn, or polyethylene terephthalate filament yarn.4. The woven geotextile filtration fabric of claim 1 , wherein:the polypropylene or polyester yarn in the other one of the warp and weft directions comprises polypropylene monofilament yarn having a round cross section;the polypropylene or polyester core has a round cross section; andthe polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath has a round cross section.5. The woven geotextile filtration fabric of claim 1 , wherein:the ...

Shock Pad for Synthetic Turf and Methods for Making Same

Disclosed is shock absorbing pad having a composite nonwoven pad having a nonwoven construction, wherein the composite nonwoven pad has a face surface and an opposed back surface and comprising a nonwoven blend of fibers and a heat set binder material. The nonwoven construction of the composite nonwoven pad provides for a vertical water drainage capability of the composite nonwoven pad, and wherein the vertical water drainage capability is from 10 inches per hour to 500 inches per hour as determined by ASTM D3385. 1. A shock absorbing pad , comprising:a composite nonwoven pad having a nonwoven construction, wherein the composite nonwoven pad has a face surface and an opposed back surface and comprising a nonwoven blend of fibers and a heat set binder material,wherein the nonwoven construction of the composite nonwoven pad provides for a vertical water drainage capability of the composite nonwoven pad, andwherein the vertical water drainage capability is from 10 inches per hour to 500 inches per hour as determined by ASTM D3385.2. The shock pad of claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise a polyolefin claim 1 , polyamide claim 1 , polystyrene claim 1 , polyurethane claim 1 , polyester claim 1 , polyvinyl chloride claim 1 , polyacrylic claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The shock pad of claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise a polyolefin comprising a polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The shock pad of claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise a polyamide comprising nylon 6 claim 1 , nylon 6 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 , nylon 1 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 , nylon 12 claim 1 , nylon 6 claim 1 ,12 claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The shock pad of claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise a polyester comprising polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , polypropylene terephthalate claim 1 , polybutylene terephthalate claim 1 , or any combination thereof.6. The shock pad of claim 1 , wherein the composite nonwoven pad comprises least one performance additive ...

HOLLOW FIBER

The present disclosure is directed to provide a hollow fiber which is lightweight and has a texture with good volumic feel and good cushioning property. The hollow fiber of the present disclosure is a hollow fiber composed of a composition containing a vinylidene chloride-based resin as a main component, wherein the hollow fiber has a hollow ratio of more than 30% and 70% or less, an average outer diameter of 50 to 900 μm, a strength of 0.7 to 2 g/d, and a heat shrinkage rate after being heated at 100° C. for 15 minutes of 30% or less. 1. A hollow fiber ,the hollow fiber being composed of a composition containing a vinylidene chloride-based resin as a main component, and a hollow ratio of more than 30% and 70% or less;', 'an average outer diameter of 50 to 900 μm;', 'a strength of 0.7 to 2 g/d; and', 'a heat shrinkage rate after being heated at 100° C. for 15 minutes of 30% or less., 'the hollow fiber having2. The hollow fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the vinylidene chloride-based resin relative to 100% by mass of the composition is 80% by mass or more. This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-141380, filed Jul. 31, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.The present disclosure relates to a hollow fiber.Vinylidene chloride resins are resins excellent in various properties, such as flame retardance, chemical resistance, gas barrier property, and are widely used as raw materials for films and sheets. Applications of vinylidene chloride resins as raw materials, however, have been limited to processed products with certain shapes because the melting temperatures of such resins are close to their decomposition temperatures, which makes processing the resins difficult.As an exemplary processing of a vinylidene chloride resin, hollow fibers for artificial hairs made of a vinylidene chloride-based resin are known (PTL 1), for example.PTL 1: JP2007321250ARecently, applications of hollow ...

Tufting unit and tufting machine

The invention relates to a tufting unit for a tufting machine, wherein a yarn transport gripper positions yarn strands which after cutting thereof are used by insertion elements. Furthermore, the invention relates to a tufting unit having such a tufting machine.

Binder-consolidated textile fabric, method for producing it, and use thereof

The invention relates to a novel binder system and its use for bonding textile fabrics as well as products containing such bonded textile fabrics. The materials according to the invention are suitable for the manufacture of base interlinings, optionally in combination with at least one further textile fabric, for coated sarking membranes, roofing sheets and water-proof sheetings, as a textile backing or a textile reinforcement in floorings, in particular in carpets and PVC floorings, or in facer, wall coating inside and outside of buildings as well as in furniture. 1. A binder system , comprising:a) 5 to 70% by weight of polymerisates based on carboxylic acid, which have no low-molecular cross-linking agent, andb) 95 to 30% by weight of a starch or a mixture of a plurality of starches andc) 0 to 10% by weight of a catalyst,d) 0 to 1% by weight of an adhesion promoter,e) 0 to 10% by weight of additives,wherein the specified percentages by weight refer to the dry mass of the binder system, i.e., without water and the sum of the constituents a) to e) is equal to 100% by weight.2. The binder system according to claim 1 , characterized in that the proportion of the component a) (polymerisates based on carboxylic acid) is at least 10% by weight claim 1 , preferably at least 15% by weight.3. The binder system according to claim 1 , characterized in that the proportion of the component b) (starch) is at least 35% by weight claim 1 , preferably at least 50% by weight.4. The binder system according to claim 1 , characterized in that the sum of the components a) and b) is at least 80% by weight claim 1 , preferably at least 85% by weight.5. The binder system according to claim 1 , characterized in that the sum of the components a) and b) is at least 80% by weight claim 1 , preferably at least 85% by weight claim 1 , wherein the ratio (parts per weight) of the component a) to the component b) is between 5:95 and 70:30 claim 1 , particularly preferably 10:90 to 50:50 claim 1 , ...

Process for the preparation of functionalized weather-resistant and slow-decaying geotextiles

Processes for making weather resistant, slow-decaying, durable natural fiber/coir geotextiles produce geotextiles having flexibility, permeability, light weight and cost-effective characteristics. In this process an in situ chemical grafting using a mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and aminoalkyl trialkoxysilanes with cellulose was done followed by curing in presence of sunlight, UV light or heat. The developed product showed durability and strength more than that of natural fiber/fabric and retaining natural fiber/fabric/geotextiles characteristics. The geotextiles have delayed bio-deterioration having wider long-term end use/applications. This process of making durable geotextiles is eco-friendly and retains the desired characteristic.

Multifilament polyester fibres

The present invention concerns a multifilament fibre comprising at least one polymer comprising a polyester, and at least one filler comprising calcium carbonate. The present invention further relates to a process of producing such a multifilament fibre as well as the use of calcium carbonate as filler in a multifilament fibre comprising at least one polymer comprising a polyester.

MIXED TURF

Provided is a mixed turf, positioned on a terrain. The mixed turf includes a synthetic turf lawn with natural turf placed within the synthetic turf lawn. The synthetic turf lawn also includes synthetic filaments configured to simulate blades of turf and a media including a non-biodegradable membrane sustaining the synthetic filaments. The media is positioned inside said terrain and is substantially draining, breathable and permeable to the roots of said natural turf. The media includes a textile made of a plurality of twines superposed and reciprocally woven together, each one having a base, which is periodically repeated along substantially the entire textile. Each twine has a base of different dimensions compared to the other twines along the extension plane of the textile. 1. A mixed turf , positioned on a terrain and comprising:a synthetic turf lawn; and said synthetic turf lawn comprising synthetic filaments to simulate blades of turf and a media comprising a non-biodegradable membrane sustaining said synthetic filaments,', 'said media being positioned inside said terrain and being in its entirety substantially draining, breathable and permeable to the roots of said natural turf,', 'said media including a textile that comprises a plurality of twines superposed and reciprocally woven together, each one having a base, which is a portion of minimal dimension which is periodically repeated along substantially the entire fabric, which repeats periodically substantially along the entire textile, and', 'each of said twines has a base of different dimensions compared to the other said twines along the extension plane of said textile., 'natural turf placed within said synthetic turf lawn,'}2. The mixed turf according to claim 1 , wherein said textile comprises three superposed twines.3. The mixed turf according to claim 1 , wherein said textile comprises apertures having mean dimensions of the main orthogonal diameters claim 1 , of from 2 mm to 0.5 mm.4. The mixed turf ...

HYBRID TURF SURFACE AND SUPPORT THEREFOR

There is provided a hybrid turf support for use with natural grass to form a stable hybrid turf system, the hybrid turf support comprising a knitted reticulated support; and a plurality of grass-like fibers extending upwardly from the knitted reticulated support, the grass-like fibers comprising groups of fibers extending upwardly at intervals. 1. A hybrid turf support for use with natural grass to form a stable hybrid turf system , the hybrid turf support comprising: (i) a first plurality of longitudinally extending members oriented in a first direction; and', '(ii) a second plurality of laterally extending members oriented in a second direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, wherein the plurality of laterally extending members are anchored at each end to at least one of the plurality of longitudinally extending members;', 'wherein the first plurality of longitudinally extending members intersect the second plurality of laterally extending members to define a plurality of substantially rectangular-shaped openings suitable for natural grass to grow; and, '(a) a knitted reticulated support comprising 'wherein the plurality of grass-like fibers each has a top which protrudes and extends upward from the knitted reticulated support, and a bottom fixed to the knitted reticulated support.', '(b) a plurality of grass-like fibers extending upwardly from the knitted reticulated support, the grass-like fibers comprising groups of fibers extending upwardly at substantially uniform intervals,'}2. The hybrid turf support according to claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of longitudinally extending members comprises braids formed from knitting:(a) one or more warp yarns to form the longitudinally extending members;(b) end portions of one or more weft yarns to form the laterally extending members; and(c) one or more yarns for forming grass-like fibers,wherein the one or more weft yarns for forming the second plurality of laterally extending members ...

Base For Turf System

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

WOVEN GEOTEXTILE FABRICS WITH INTEGRATED GEOTEXTILE GRIDS OR GEOGRIDS

Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of woven geotextile fabrics with integrated geotextile grids or geogrids. Also disclosed are exemplary embodiments of methods of manufacturing woven geotextile fabrics with integrated geotextile grids or geogrids. 1. A woven geotextile fabric comprising a plurality of yarns including machine direction field yarns , cross machine direction field yarns , machine direction rib yarns , and cross machine direction rib yarns , wherein the plurality of yarns is integrally woven together such that:the machine direction rib yarns and the cross machine direction rib yarns cooperatively define an integrated geotextile grid integrally within the woven geotextile fabric; andthe machine direction field yarns and the cross machine direction field yarns cooperatively define fabric areas in a field of the integrated geotextile grid generally between the machine direction rib yarns and the cross machine direction rib yarns.2. The woven geotextile fabric of claim 1 , wherein:yarn type and yarn density of the machine direction field yarns are different than the yarn type and yarn density of the machine direction rib yarns such that the yarn type and yarn density of the woven geotextile fabric change along the machine direction; andyarn type and yarn density of the cross machine direction field yarns are different than the yarn type and yarn density of the cross machine direction rib yarns such that the yarn type and yarn density of the woven geotextile fabric change along the cross machine direction.3. The woven geotextile fabric of claim 1 , wherein:the machine direction rib yarns and the cross machine direction field yarns have higher tensile strength than the machine direction field yarns and the cross machine direction field yarns; and/orthe integrated geotextile grid cooperatively defined by the machine direction rib yarns and the cross machine direction rib yarns has a higher tensile strength than the fabric areas cooperatively defined by the ...

Wowen fabric product

A woven fabric protective covering to ensure long lasting and reliable product and also reliable and easy operation when installing the covering. The woven fabric comprises a sheet layer, a reinforcement layer and at least one film layer. A plurality of strip formed weft elements and warp elements are woven together to form the sheet fabric. The sheet fabric comprises at least two different types of weaves, a basic weave for a main sheet fabric area having substantially equal number of orthogonally woven weft elements and warp elements, and a relief weave to form a fastening region where the number of warp elements per width unit is reduced when compared to the number of weft elements. The reinforcement layer is a woven band and is laminated on at least one side of the sheet layer. The reinforcement layer comprises openings for fastening the product when in use. At least one film layer is laminated on the sheet layer. 1. A woven fabric product comprising:a sheet layer wherein a plurality of strip formed weft elements and warp elements are woven together to form a sheet fabric,a reinforcement layer that is a woven band comprising openings for fastening the product when in use; andat least one film layer laminated on the sheet layer,wherein, the reinforcement layer is laminated on at least one side of the sheet layer and the sheet fabric comprises at least two different type of weaves: a basic weave for a main sheet fabric area having substantially equal number of orthogonally woven weft elements and warp elements, and a relief weave to form a fastening region where number of warp elements per width unit is reduced when compared to number of weft elements.2. The woven fabric product of claim 1 , wherein the weft elements in the relief weave are continuous from the basic weave to the relief weave.3. The woven fabric product of claim 1 , wherein in the relief weave ratio of the number of warp elements to the number of weft elements is between 3/10 and 8/10 such that ...

COCONUT HARD SHELL GRANULES SOFTENING METHOD

A method of softening coconut shell material, includes submerging the coconut shell material in water to produce clean crumb material, boiling the clean crumb material in a salt solution to produce boiled crumb material, steaming the boiled crumb material to produce steamed crumb material, first soaking the steamed crumb material in a solution of water and an alkali material to produce soaked crumb material, second soaking the soaked crumb material in a salt solution to produce second soaked crumb material, rinsing the second soaked crumb material with a stable alkaline solution to product softened wet crumb material, and storing the softened wet crumb material. 1. A method of softening coconut shell material , comprising:submerging the coconut shell crumb material in water to produce clean crumb material;boiling the clean crumb material in a salt solution to produce boiled crumb material;steaming the boiled crumb material to produce steamed crumb material;first soaking the steamed crumb material in a solution of water and an alkali material to produce soaked crumb material;second soaking the soaked crumb material in a salt solution to produce second soaked crumb material;rinsing the second soaked crumb material with a stable alkaline solution to product softened wet crumb material; andstoring the softened wet crumb material.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein submerging the coconut shell material in water comprises submerging the coconut shell material in natural water.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein boiling the clean crumb material in a salt solution comprises boiling the clean crumb material in a solution of natural water and salt having a concentration of at least 30 grams of dissolved salt per liter of water.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein boiling the clean crumb material in a salt solution comprises boiling the clean crumb material in a solution of natural water and salt having a concentration in the range of 33 to 50 ...

Artificial Turf And Associated Devices And Methods For Making Same

Implementations herein describe an artificial turf having a backing layer and a plurality of rows of individual tufts tufted into the backing layer. Each tuft comprises at least three yarns per tuft and each one of the at least three yarns varies in at least one of material, color, texture, denier and cross-section. Each row of individual tufts is substantially similar to each adjacent tufted row and adjacent tufts on a given row are spaced apart at a predetermined gauge. 1. An artificial turf article comprising:a backing layer; anda plurality of rows of individual tufts extending through the backing layer, wherein each tuft comprises at least first, second, and third distinct yarns per tuft, wherein each one of the first, second, and third yarns varies from the other yarns of the first, second, and third yarns of the tuft in at least one of material, color, texture, denier, denier per filament, or cross-section,wherein the first, second, and third yarns of each tuft are not twisted together, andwherein the first yarn is a texturized yarn, wherein the second yarn is a slit tape yarn, and wherein the third yarn is a monofilament yarn.2. The artificial turf article of claim 1 , where the plurality of rows of individual tufts comprise a plurality of cut tufts.3. The artificial turf article of claim 1 , wherein the at least first claim 1 , second claim 1 , and third distinct yarns per tuft further comprises a wrap yarn.4. The artificial turf article of claim 1 , further comprising an infill material dispersed in between the tufts of the plurality of rows of individual tufts.5. The artificial turf article of claim 4 , wherein the infill material comprises at least one of rubber particles claim 4 , sand claim 4 , or natural materials.6. The artificial turf article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first claim 1 , second claim 1 , and third yarns of each tuft comprises a material selected from the group consisting of LDPE claim 1 , MDPE claim 1 , Nylon claim 1 , PP ...

DRAINAGE LINER WITH INTEGRAL DRAINAGE FEATURE AND GEOMEMBRANES INCLUDING SAME

Drainage liners and geomembranes including the drainage liners are disclosed herein. The drainage liners have a woven scrim made of warp tapes and weft tapes, and have a plurality of high-denier strands each superimposed upon a warp tape or each superimposed upon a weft tape and each interwoven into the woven scrim by oppositely oriented tapes. The warp tapes or the weft tapes with superimposed high-denier strands thereon are spaced apart within the woven scrim by at least one tape of a same orientation, thereby defining a plurality of parallel channels for fluid flow between nearest neighboring high-denier strands. 1. A drainage liner comprising: a plurality of warp tapes and a plurality of weft tapes woven together; and', 'a plurality of high-denier strands each superimposed upon a warp tape or each superimposed upon a weft tape that form the first major surface and each interwoven with the woven scrim by oppositely oriented tapes;', 'wherein the warp tapes or the weft tapes with superimposed high-denier strands thereon are spaced apart within the woven scrim by at least one tape of a same orientation, thereby defining a plurality of parallel channels for fluid flow between nearest neighboring high-denier strands., 'a woven scrim having a first major surface and an opposing second major surface, the woven scrim comprising2. The drainage liner of claim 1 , further comprising a film layer applied to the second major surface.3. The drainage liner of claim 2 , wherein the film layer is a film layer laminated to the woven scrim or is a film layer applied to the second major surface as a coating layer.4. The drainage liner of claim 2 , wherein the film layer comprises polyethylene claim 2 , polypropylene claim 2 , ethylene copolymers claim 2 , propylene copolymers claim 2 , polyvinyl chloride claim 2 , and combinations thereof.5. The drainage liner of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of high-denier strands are multi-filament yarns.6. The drainage liner of claim 5 , ...

Multifilament, monofilament, non-woven or tape

A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape, each having 1 to 2000 Denier per filament and a draw ratio of 1:2 to 1:11 and each made of a composition containing the components (A) a polyolefin, (B) for example a compound of the formula (B-1-a-1), (C) for example a compound of the formula (C-1-b-1), wherein b 1 is a number from 2 to 20, and optionally (D) one or more inorganic and/or organic pigments.

POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITION WITH IMPROVED TENSILE PROPERTIES, FIBERS AND NONWOVEN STRUCTURES

A polypropylene composition is described having an MFI measured according to ISO 1133 for polypropylene of 1 to 3 g/10 min and a xylene soluble content in the range from 1 wt % to 4.5 wt % or 1.5 wt % to 4.5 wt %, which can be used to produce spun and drawn fibres having an average MFI measured according to ISO 1133 for polypropylene of 1 to 5 g/min, a xylene soluble content in the range from 1 wt % to 4.5 wt % or 1.5 wt % to 4.5 wt %, the spun and drawn fibres having an average elongation of at least 65% as measured by ISO 5079 with an adjusted testing speed of 80 mm/min, and/or an average tenacity/tensile strength of at least 56 c N/tex as measured by ISO 5079 with an adjusted testing speed of 80 mm/min. 1. Spun and drawn fibres comprising a polypropylene composition of a polypropylene homopolymer , the spun and drawn fibres having an average MFI measured according to ISO 1133 for polypropylene of 1 to 5 g/10 min and a xylene soluble content in the range from 1 wt % to 4.5 wt % or 1.5 wt % to 4.5 wt % , the spun and drawn fibres having:an average elongation of at least 65% as measured by ISO 5079 with an adjusted testing speed of 80 mm/min, and/oran average tenacity/tensile strength of at least 56 cN/tex as measured by ISO 5079 with an adjusted testing speed of 80 mm/min.2. The spun and drawn fibres of claim 1 , wherein the polypropylene composition consists of one or more polypropylene homopolymers.3. The spun and drawn fibres of claim 1 , wherein the fibres are staple fibres or short cut fibres.4. The spun and drawn fibres of claim 1 , wherein the spun and drawn fibres have an average MFI of 2 to 4 g/10 min.5. The spun and drawn fibres of claim 1 , wherein the fibres have a multilobal cross-section.6. The spun and drawn fibres of claim 5 , wherein the fibres have a trilobal claim 5 , cross-section.7. The spun and drawn fibres of claim 1 , wherein the fibres are multicomponent fibres.8. The spun and drawn fibres of claim 7 , wherein the fibres are bicomponent ...

ARTIFICIAL TURF FIBER WITH LLDPE AND LDPE

A method for manufacturing an artificial turf fiber includes creating a polymer mixture that includes, 60-99% by weight of an LLDPE polymer and 1-15% by weight of an LDPE polymer. The method further includes extruding the polymer mixture into a monofilament; quenching the monofilament; reheating the monofilament; and stretching the reheated monofilament to form the monofilament into the artificial turf fiber. 1. A method of manufacturing an artificial turf fiber , the method comprising: [{'sup': 3', '3, 'an LLDPE polymer in an amount of 60-99% by weight of the polymer mixture, the LLDPE polymer having a density in a range of 0.918 g/cmto 0.920 g/cm;'}, {'sup': 3', '3, 'an LDPE polymer in an amount of 1-15% by weight of the polymer mixture, the LDPE polymer having a density in a range of 0.919 g/cmto 0.921 g/em;'}], 'creating a polymer mixture comprisingextruding the polymer mixture into a monofilament;quenching the monofilament;reheating the monofilament;stretching the reheated monofilament to form the monofilament into the artificial turf fiber.2. The method of claim 1 , the polymer mixture comprising the LDPE polymer in an amount of 5-8% by weight of the polymer mixture and/or comprising the LLDPE polymer in an amount of 60%-95% by weight of the polymer mixture.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , wherein 7-13% by weight of the polymer mixture comprises a further LLDPE polymer having a density in a range of 0.914 g/cmto 0.918 g/cm.6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , the polymer mixture comprising one or more additives selected from a group comprising: a wax claim 1 , a dulling agent claim 1 , an UV stabilizer claim 1 , a flame retardant claim 1 , an anti-oxidant claim 1 , a pigment claim 1 , a filling material and combinations thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LLDPE polymer is a polymer created by a polymerization reaction under the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LLDPE polymer is a ...

Multi-axial grid or mesh structures with high aspect ratio ribs

A multi-axial geogrid possesses a series of interconnected strands or ribs that are arranged along at least two different axes within the plane of the structure. The strands or ribs have an aspect ratio, defined as the ratio of the thickness to width, of greater than 1.0, thickness being the direction normal to the plane of the structure. The geogrid can be manufactured by modifying the process parameters in order to create high aspect ratio ribs, using any of the various known methods for producing geogrids. A reinforced civil engineering structure, and method therefor, is formed by embedding in soil one or more horizontal layers of geogrid having high aspect ratio ribs. The reinforced structure shows improved rutting performance when subjected to vehicular traffic.

Artificial tuft and associated devices and methods for making same

Implementations herein describe an artificial turf having a backing layer and a plurality of rows of individual tufts tufted into the backing layer. Each tuft comprises at least three yarns per tuft and each one of the at least three yarns varies in at least one of material, color, texture, denier and cross-section. Each row of individual tufts is substantially similar to each adjacent tufted row and adjacent tufts on a given row are spaced apart at a predetermined gauge.

METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS YARN

Disclosed is a method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn including the steps, where an aqueous suspension including fibers and at least one rheology modifier is provided, followed by directing the suspension through at least one nozzle, to form at least one yarn, and then dewatering the yarn. 1. A fibrous yarn made of a dewatered aqueous suspension comprising fibers and at least one rheology modifier , and said suspension has been directed through at least one nozzle having an inner diameter of an outlet smaller than or equal to the maximum length weighed fiber length of the fibers.2. The fibrous yarn of claim 1 , wherein the fibers are a mixture of natural fibers and synthetic fibers.3. The fibrous yarn of claim 1 , wherein the fibers have an average length of 2 to 3 mm.4. The fibrous yarn of claim 2 , wherein the natural fibers are virgin fibers or recycled fibers.5. The fibrous yarn of claim 2 , wherein the natural fibers are at least one wood fiber selected from the group consisting of spruce fiber claim 2 , pine fiber claim 2 , fir fiber claim 2 , larch fiber claim 2 , Douglas-fir fiber claim 2 , hemlock fiber claim 2 , birch fiber claim 2 , aspen fiber claim 2 , poplar fiber claim 2 , alder fiber claim 2 , eucalyptus fiber and acacia fiber.6. The fibrous yarn of claim 2 , wherein the natural fibers are at least one non-wood fiber selected from the group consisting of straw fiber claim 2 , leaf fiber claim 2 , bark fiber claim 2 , seed fiber claim 2 , hull fiber claim 2 , flower fiber claim 2 , vegetable fiber claim 2 , fruit fiber claim 2 , corn fiber claim 2 , cotton fiber claim 2 , wheat fiber claim 2 , oat fiber claim 2 , rye fiber claim 2 , barley fiber claim 2 , rice fiber claim 2 , flax fiber claim 2 , hemp fiber claim 2 , manilla hemp fiber claim 2 , sisal hemp fiber claim 2 , jute fiber claim 2 , ramie fiber claim 2 , kenaf fiber claim 2 , bagasse fiber claim 2 , bamboo fiber claim 2 , reed fiber and peat fiber.7. The fibrous yarn of claim 2 , wherein ...

WATER PERMEABLE ARTIFICIAL TURF AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

The invention comprises a method. The method comprises applying to a primary backing and loop backs of a tufted synthetic turf a plurality of solid polymer particles having a particle size less than or equal to 1,000 microns such that a layer of solid polymer particles is formed across the width and length of the primary backing, wherein the polymer particles are applied to the primary backing at a rate of approximately 5 to approximately 18 ounces of polymer per square yard and wherein the solid polymer particles are thermoplastic polymer particles or a mixture of thermoplastic polymer particles and thermosetting polymer particles. The method also comprises heating the polymer particles on the primary backing and loop backs to a temperature at or above the melting temperature of the polymer particles and allowing the heated polymer particles to cool below their melting temperature wherein the tufted synthetic turf has bundle lock of at least 6.8 pounds and the tufted synthetic turf has a water permeability of at least 10 inches of water per hour. 1. A method comprising: (i) a quantity of an aqueous dispersion of thermoplastic polymer particles have an average particle size of approximately 1 micron to approximately 1,000 microns;', '(ii) an aqueous dispersion of colloidal thermosetting polymer particles or colloidal thermoplastic polymer particles and second thermoplastic polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous dispersion, wherein the second thermoplastic polymer particles have an average particle size of approximately 200 micron to approximately 1,000 microns; or', '(iii) a plurality of solid polyethylene polymer particles to a first primary surface of a tufted primary backing to form a coating thereon, wherein the solid polyethylene polymer particles have an average particle size of approximately 1 to approximately 1,000 microns and a melt index of approximately 50 to approximately 500 grams/10 minutes at 190° C. at a weight of 2.16 kg; and', 'wherein the ...

Non-uniform artificial turf infill

An artificial turf simulating grass including a layer of dispersed non-uniform, polyvinyl chloride-based particulates having non-symmetrical shapes and different sizes.

ARTIFICIAL TURF AND PRODUCTION METHOD

The invention provides for a method of manufacturing artificial turf (). The method comprising the steps of: creating () a polymer mixture (), wherein the polymer mixture is at least a three-phase system, wherein the polymer mixture comprises a first polymer (), a second polymer (), and a compatibiiizer (), wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are immiscible, wherein the first polymer forms polymer beads () surrounded by the compatibiiizer within the second polymer; extruding () the polymer mixture into a monofilament (); quenching () the monofilament; reheating () the monofilament; stretching () the reheated monofilament to deform the polymer beads into threadlike regions () and to form the monofilament into an artificial turf fiber (); incorporating () the artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf carpet (). 11000. A method of manufacturing artificial turf () , the method comprising the steps of:{'b': 100', '100', '400', '500', '402', '404', '406', '408, 'creating () a polymer mixture (, , ), wherein the polymer mixture is at least a three-phase system, wherein the polymer mixture comprises a first polymer (), a second polymer (), and a compatibilizer (), wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are immiscible, wherein the first polymer forms polymer beads () surrounded by the compatibilizer within the second polymer;'}{'b': 102', '606, 'extruding () the polymer mixture into a monofilament ();'}{'b': '104', 'quenching () the monofilament;'}{'b': '106', 'reheating () the monofilament;'}{'b': 108', '800', '1004, 'stretching () the reheated monofilament to deform the polymer beads into threadlike regions () and to form the monofilament into an artificial turf fiber ();'}{'b': 110', '1002, 'incorporating () the artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing ().'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer bead comprises crystalline portions and amorphous portions claim 1 , wherein stretching the polymer beads into threadlike regions ...

Turf Reinforcement Mats

Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of turf reinforcement mats that include spun yarns and/or multifilament yarns in either or both of the warp and weft directions. 1. A turf reinforcement mat comprising core-sheath spun yarn in at least one of a warp direction and a weft direction , the turf reinforcement mat having a pyramidal weave.2. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the core-sheath spun yarn comprises a sheath claim 1 , and wherein:the sheath is configured for ultraviolet (UV) resistance, flame retardance, water absorption, and/or tackiness; and/orthe sheath is treated with seeds and/or fertilizers.3. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein a core yarn of the core-sheath spun yarn comprises monofilament yarn having a round claim 1 , oval claim 1 , or multi-lobe cross section.4. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein a core yarn of the core-sheath spun yarn comprises tape fibrillated yarn.5. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein a core yarn of the core-sheath spun yarn comprises multifilament yarn.6. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein a core yarn of the core-sheath spun yarn comprises polyethylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 1 , nylon claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , and/or fiberglass.7. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the core-sheath spun yarn comprises a core year having a denier within a range from about 90 denier to 10 claim 1 ,000 denier.8. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the core-sheath spun yarn comprises sheath fibers having round claim 1 , oval claim 1 , or multi-lobe cross sections.9. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein sheath fibers of the core-sheath spun yarn comprise polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 1 , polyester claim 1 , nylon claim 1 , rayon claim 1 , terpolymer claim 1 , acrylic claim 1 , and/or aramid.10. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein a total sheath fiber ...

Process of Manufacturing Artificial Turf

The invention described herein pertains to carpeting of artificial turf used on sports fields, as decorative touches in gardens and areas with greenery as well as for other applications. It features a weaving process differentiated from those normally implemented by the current artificial turf industry, leading to multiple benefits that impact not only the fabricator but also the final user.

PLAYING SURFACE ASSEMBLIES AND SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

A playing surface assembly that defines at least a portion of a playing surface. The playing surface assembly has a backing, a plurality of reinforcement elements secured to and extending upwardly from the backing, and an infill material defining a top surface of the playing surface assembly. Each reinforcement element has a top end and a reveal distance corresponding to a vertical spacing between the top surface of the playing surface assembly and the top end of the reinforcement element. The reveal distance of each reinforcement element is less than 0.5 inches. In use, the reinforcement elements restrict lateral and vertical migration of the infill material, and the infill material is the primary source of performance characteristics of the playing surface assembly. 1. A system comprising: a backing having a top surface;', 'a plurality of reinforcement elements secured to and extending upwardly from the backing; and', 'an infill material defining a top surface of the playing surface assembly and having a height measured from the top surface of the backing, wherein each reinforcement element of the plurality of reinforcement elements has a top end and a reveal distance corresponding to a vertical spacing between the top surface of the playing surface assembly and the top end of the reinforcement element, wherein the plurality of reinforcement elements of the playing surface assembly are configured to restrict lateral and vertical migration of the infill material of the playing surface assembly, wherein the infill material of each playing surface assembly is the primary source of performance characteristics of the playing surface assembly,, 'first and second playing surface assemblies that cooperate to define at least a portion of a playing field, court, or track, at least the first playing surface assembly havingwherein a ratio between the height of the infill material of the first playing surface assembly and the reveal distance of each reinforcement element of ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STRUCTURAL SYNTHETIC FIBERS FOR CONCRETES AND MORTARS AND THE SYNTHETIC FIBER OBTAINED

Method for manufacturing structural synthetic fibers for concretes and mortars and the synthetic fiber obtained, particularly a polyolefin-based synthetic fiber for use in concretes and mortars with a hydraulic binder as a cementing base for increasing the elastic modulus of the same which comprises the mixture of polyolefin and additives, the formation of threads, a first stretching process, an alternate series of heating-cooling, collecting the threads in coils and stabilization of the polymerization/cross-linking for two days to one week; the threads are subsequently again subjected to one or several re-stretching phases, including the heating-cooling and subsequent stabilization processes if successive re-stretching processes are going to be carried out; lastly a surface etching phase and the cutting of the threads. 1. A method for manufacturing structural synthetic fibers for concretes and mortars which is applicable particularly to a polyolefin-based synthetic fiber for the use thereof in concretes and mortars with a hydraulic binder as a cementing base and increasing the elastic modulus of the same , and comprising the mixture of polyolefin and additives , the formation of threads , a first stretching process , an alternate series of heating-cooling , surface etching and the cutting the threads , is characterized in that once the initial stretching process has been carried out at a determined temperature and before having passed through the process of surface embossing , the continuous threads are subjected to a stabilization phase where they are collected in coils which are maintained for a period of between two days to one week so that they are stabilized and the polymerization and cross-linking process of the fiber is completed; and after the stabilization phase , the coils are collected and the threads are again subjected to heating-cooling and stretching cycles.2. The method for manufacturing structural synthetic fibers for concretes and mortars ...

Playing Surface Assemblies And Systems, And Methods Of Making And Using Same

A playing surface assembly that defines at least a portion of a playing surface. The playing surface assembly has a backing, a plurality of reinforcement elements secured to and extending upwardly from the backing, and an infill material defining a top surface of the playing surface assembly. Each reinforcement element has a top end and a reveal distance corresponding to a vertical spacing between the top surface of the playing surface assembly and the top end of the reinforcement element. The reveal distance of each reinforcement element is less than 0.5 inches. In use, the reinforcement elements restrict lateral and vertical migration of the infill material, and the infill material is the primary source of performance characteristics of the playing surface assembly. 1. A playing surface assembly that defines at least a portion of a playing surface , the playing surface assembly comprising:a backing having a top surface;a plurality of reinforcement elements secured to and extending upwardly from the backing; andinfill material defining a top surface of the playing surface assembly and having a height measured from the top surface of the backing,wherein each reinforcement element of the plurality of reinforcement elements has a top end and a reveal distance corresponding to a vertical spacing between the top surface of the playing surface assembly and the top end of the reinforcement element, wherein the height of the infill material is greater than the reveal distance of each reinforcement element, wherein the plurality of reinforcement elements are configured to restrict lateral and vertical migration of the infill material, andwherein the infill material comprises clay, and wherein the clay has a sieve size ranging from 20 to 40 mesh.2. The playing surface assembly of claim 1 , wherein a ratio between the height of the infill material and the reveal distance of each reinforcement element is at least 7:1. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent ...

WOVEN FABRIC WITH COMPARABLE TENSILE STRENGTH IN WARP AND WEFT DIRECTIONS

A woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction, comprises weft yarns woven in the weft direction and warp yarns woven in the warp direction interweaving the weft yarns to form a fabric having comparable modulus; the warp yarns comprising a high modulus monofilament yarn having a tenacity of at least 0.75 g/denier at 1% strain, at least 1.5 g/denier at 2% strain, and at least 3.75 g/denier at 5% strain as determined in accordance with ASTM International Standard 4595. 1. A woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction , comprising:weft yarns woven in the weft direction and warp yarns woven in the warp direction interweaving the weft yarns to form a fabric;{'sup': '2', 'the fabric having an apparent opening size (AOS) of at least 30 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4751 and a water flow rate of at least 75 gpm/ftas measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4491; and'}the fabric having a tensile strength of at least 100 lb/in at 2% strain in both the warp and weft directions as respectively measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4595.2. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the warp yarns comprise a high modulus monofilament yarn having a tenacity of at least 0.75 g/denier at 1% strain claim 1 , at least 1.5 g/denier at 2% strain claim 1 , and at least 3.75 g/denier at 5% strain as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D2265.3. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the weft yarns comprise a high modulus fibrillated tape of about 3000 to about 6500 Denier and have a tenacity of at least 0.75 g/denier at 1% strain claim 1 , at least 1.5 g/denier at 2% strain claim 1 , and at least 3.75 g/denier at 5% strain as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D2265.4. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the warp and weft yarns claim 1 , independently claim 1 , are yarns comprising polypropylene claim 1 , yarns comprising an admixture of polypropylene and ...

ARTIFICIAL TURF

Artificial turf () comprising a. a backing () having an upper and a lower surface; and b. a plurality of first synthetic grass fibers () attached to and extending upward from the upper surface of said backing; and c. a plurality of second synthetic grass fibers () attached to and extending upward from the upper surface of said backing; wherein the height of the first synthetic grass fibers is higher than the height of the second synthetic grass fibers. 1. Artificial turf comprisinga. a backing having an upper and a lower surface;b. a plurality of first synthetic grass fibers attached to and extending upward from the upper surface of said backing; andc. a plurality of second synthetic grass fibers attached to and extending upward from the upper surface of said backing;wherein the height of the first synthetic grass fibers is higher than the height of the second synthetic grass fibers.2. Artificial turf according to claim 1 , wherein the first synthetic grass fibers have a height from 20 mm to 80 mm.3. Artificial turf according to claim 1 , wherein the second synthetic grass fibers have a height from 10 mm to 70 mm.4. Artificial turf according to claim 1 , wherein the average height difference between the first and second synthetic fibers is at least 6 mm.5. Artificial turf according to claim 1 , wherein said artificial turf comprises said first synthetic grass fibers having a height from 35 mm to 80 mm and said second synthetic grass fibers having a height from 25 mm to 65 mm claim 1 , wherein the average height difference between the first and second synthetic grass fibers is at least 6 mm.6. Artificial turf according to claim 1 , wherein said artificial turf comprises said first synthetic grass fibers having a height from 20 mm to 40 mm and said second synthetic grass fibers having a height from 10 mm to 34 mm claim 1 , wherein the average height difference between the first and second synthetic grass fibers is at least 6 mm.7. Artificial turf according to claim 1 ...

Stabilized and reinforced civil constructions and method of making same

Described herein is woven geotextile formed of a plain six-pick weave fabric having an apparent opening size (AOS) of at least 40 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4751, a water flow rate of at least 35 gpm/ft 2 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4491, a 12% strain at a tensile load of at least 300 lb/in as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4595 in the warp direction, and a 12% strain at a tensile load of at least 270 lb/in in accordance with ASTM International D4595 at 270 lb/in in the fill direction. Also described herein is a reinforced civil structure having a subgrade formed at least partially of soil; a base course; and a woven geotextile disposed between the subgrade and the base course.

Process of manufacturing artificial turf

According to an embodiment of the disclosure a stitching arrangement for tufts of artificial turf includes a first stitching path along a substrate following a pattern. The pattern has at least two diagonally right stitches before two diagonally left stitches, and at least one straight stitch interspersed between each diagonally right stitch and each diagonally left stitch.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF FATS, OIL AND GREASE

An apparatus for collection and disposal of fats, oil and grease that includes a fabric container having at least one open end, a biogradable material capable of absorbing a large quantity of fats, oil and grease positioned in the container through the open end, the container and biogradable material adapted for being placed in a source of fats, oil and/or grease for absorbing the fats, oil and/or grease for removal from the source and for transport to a location for processing. 1. An apparatus for collection and disposal of fats , oil and grease , comprising:a. a container formed of a fabric having a multiplicity of openings and at least one open end, the container is a tube;b. the container adapted to receive an absorbent material into the container capable of absorbing a quantity of fats, oil and grease, the container and biogradable material adapted for being placed in a source of fats, oil and/or grease for absorbing the fats, oil and/or grease for removal from the source and for transport to a location for processing; andc. a closure for closing the open end of the container with the biodegradable material positioned within the container.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fabric is a geotextile.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the fabric is a biodegradable material.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the fabric is constructed of a biodegradable yarn selected from the group consisting of cotton claim 3 , hemp claim 3 , ramie or jute.5. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the fabric is constructed of a synthetic yarn.6. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the fabric has an apparent opening size (AOS) of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm.7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the tube includes one closed end and an open end adapted for being closed after being filled with the absorbent material.8. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the tube includes an element adapted for receiving an elongate cord ...

ARTIFICIAL TURF WITH OPAQUE FACE YARN AND TRANSLUCENT THATCH YARN FIBERS

An artificial turf includes translucent thatch yarn fibers and opaque face yarn fibers that are integrated in a carrier. 1. An artificial turf comprising:a carrier;translucent thatch yarn fibers integrated in the carrier; andopaque face yarn fibers integrated in the carrier.2. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the length of the thatch yarn fibers is smaller than the length of the face yarn fibers.3. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the translucent thatch yarn fibers are transparent.4. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the artificial turf comprises two or more subregions claim 1 , wherein all face yarn fibers contained in a subregion have the same color claim 1 , which is different from the color of the face yarn fibers contained in all subregions adjacent to that subregion.5. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the two or more subregions form a color pattern being selected from a group including:a logo of an organization;field markings and regions defined by the field markings;symbols of a game; anda pattern representing a text or an image.6. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the face yarn fibers includes one or more pigments.7. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the thatch yarn fibers are free of pigments.8. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the thatch yarn fibers and/or the face yarn fibers are selected from a group comprising including polyethylene fibers claim 1 , polyamide fibers claim 1 , and polypropylene fibers.9. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the thatch yarn fibers and/or the face yarn fibers are texturized.10. The artificial turf of claim 1 , wherein the thatch yarn fibers include a nucleating agent and the face yarn fibers are free of the nucleating agent or include a smaller amount of the nucleating agent than the thatch yarn fibers.11. The artificial turf of claim 10 , wherein the nucleating agent is an organic acid claim 10 , an organic acid ester or organic acid salt.12. The artificial turf of ...

Selectively permeable ethylene copolymer compositions

Disclosed is a selectively permeable protective structure, a method for providing personal protection from exposure to harmful chemical and biological agents using an article that provides a barrier to such agents and a method for limiting damage to the article due to corrosion or mold growth, comprising wrapping or covering the article in the selectively permeable protective structure. The selectively permeable structure comprises a membrane comprising a copolymer comprising copolymerized units of ethylene and copolymerized units of a comonomer providing an amine-reactive site combined with a short chain polymer having from about 5 to 50 repeat units and containing one primary amine active amine site, having a moisture vapor permeation value of at least 200 g-mil/m 2 /24 h and barrier to liquid water, and optionally a supporting substrate.

ARTIFICIAL TURF WITH MARBLED MONOFILAMENT

A method of manufacturing artificial turf creating a liquid polymer mixture, wherein the polymer mixture is at least a two-phase system. A first one of the phases includes a first polymer and a first dye, and a second one of the phases of the polymer mixture includes a second polymer and a second dye. The second dye has a different color than the first dye, the second polymer being of the same or of a different type as the first polymer. The first and the second phase are immiscible, the first phase forming polymer beads within the second phase. The method further includes extruding the polymer mixture into a monofilament including a marbled pattern of the first and second color; quenching the monofilament; reheating the monofilament; stretching the reheated monofilament to deform the polymer beads into threadlike regions and to form the monofilament into an artificial turf fiber; and incorporating the artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing. 129.-. (canceled)30. A method of manufacturing artificial turf , the method comprising:creating a liquid polymer mixture, wherein the polymer mixture is at least a two-phase system, a first one of the phases comprising a first polymer and a first dye, a second one of the phases of the polymer mixture comprising a second polymer and a second dye, the second dye having a different color than the first dye, the second polymer being of the same or of a different type as the first polymer, the first and the second phase being immiscible, the first phase forming polymer beads within the second phase;extruding the polymer mixture into a monofilament comprising a marbled pattern of the first and second color;quenching the monofilament;reheating the monofilament;stretching the reheated monofilament to deform the polymer beads into threadlike regions and to form the monofilament into an artificial turf fiber;incorporating the artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein one of ...

MULTI-AXIAL GRID OR MESH STRUCTURES WITH HIGH ASPECT RATIO RIBS

A multi-axial geogrid possesses a series of interconnected strands or ribs that are arranged along at least two different axes within the plane of the structure. The strands or ribs have an aspect ratio, defined as the ratio of the thickness to width, of greater than 1.0, thickness being the direction normal to the plane of the structure. The geogrid can be manufactured by modifying the process parameters in order to create high aspect ratio ribs, using any of the various known methods for producing geogrids. A reinforced civil engineering structure, and method therefor, is formed by embedding in soil one or more horizontal layers of geogrid having high aspect ratio ribs. The reinforced structure shows improved rutting performance when subjected to vehicular traffic. 1. A multi-axial integral geogrid comprising a generally uniform array of substantially straight highly oriented transverse strands or ribs interconnected by partially oriented junctions extending transversely across said grid or mesh structure in spaced apart rows and a plurality of substantially straight highly oriented connecting strands or ribs interconnecting said partially oriented junctions in adjacent rows to form apertures or openings between adjacent highly oriented strands or ribs and junctions , said strands or ribs having an aspect ratio at their longitudinal midpoint which is greater than 1.0.2. The integral geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the integral geogrid has triangular apertures or openings claim 1 , and said aspect ratio is between 1.0 and about 2.5.3. The integral geogrid of claim 1 , wherein the integral geogrid has rectangular apertures or openings claim 1 , and said aspect ratio is in the range between 1.0 and about 4.0.4. The integral geogrid of claim 3 , wherein the integral geogrid has an aperture stability modulus greater than about 0.3 Nm/degree at 20 kg-cm of applied torque.5. The integral geogrid of claim 1 , wherein said integral geogrid is embedded in a particulate ...

Preform with Integrated Gap Fillers

A three-dimensional gap-filled preform and a method of forming a three-dimensional gap-filled preform. The preforms comprise a base section of all integrally woven layers, a portion of that base separated into three sections, the outer two sections comprising integrally woven layers, and the middle section comprising an integrated gap filler. The integrated gap filler may comprise a center section of one woven layer, independently woven layers, integrally woven layers, or a plurality of layers of warp fibers that are not interwoven with weft fibers. The layers of the integrated gap filler compress or crumple up in the middle section and fill the formed gap or gaps, while the woven layers of the outer sections are folded to form the shape of the preform. 1. A three-dimensional (3D) woven preform having a plurality of woven layers , the woven preform comprising:a base section of the preform comprising integrally woven layers;at least one end portion of the base section of the preform separated into at least three sections comprising:at least one middle section;at least two outer sections comprising integrally woven layers;wherein the at least two outer sections are folded to form a shape of the preform, and the at least one middle section is compressed or crumpled in a gap formed between the at least two outer sections.2. The preform of claim 1 , wherein the at least three sections are formed by cutting the at least one portion of the base.3. The preform of claim 1 , wherein the at least three sections are formed by weaving the at least one end portion of the base.4. The preform of claim 1 , wherein binder picks are used to weave the preform and are omitted at the sides of the at least one end portion of the base enabling a bifurcation to be formed when the separate arms of the preform are folded open.5. The preform of claim 1 , wherein the at least one middle section comprises one or more independently woven layers.6. The preform of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ...

Polyethylene Composition for Artificial Turf Yarn

The present invention relates to a polyethylene composition comprising: 115.-. (canceled)16. A polyethylene composition comprising:{'sup': 3', '3, 'a) at least 45% to at most 95% by weight of a metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene A, wherein % by weight is based on the total weight of the polyethylene composition; wherein polyethylene A has a density of at least 0.916 g/cmto at most 0.940 g/cm, as measured according to ISO 1183-2:2004 at a temperature of 23 C; and a melt index MI2 of at least 1.5 g/10 min to at most 4.0 g/10 min, as measured according to ISO 1133 Procedure B at a temperature of 190 C and a load of 2.16 kg;'}b) at least 5% to at most 55% by weight of a metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene B, wherein % by weight is based on the total weight of the polyethylene composition; wherein said metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene B comprises {'sup': '3', 'wherein polyethylene B1 has a density of at most 0.918 g/cm, as measured according to ISO 1183-2:2004 at a temperature of 23 C; and a melt index MI2 lower than the melt index MI2 of polyethylene A, as measured according to ISO 1133 Procedure B at a temperature of 190 C and a load of 2.16 kg; and'}, 'b1) at least 45% to at most 75% by weight of a metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene B1, wherein % by weight is based on the total weight of the metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene B;'} 'wherein polyethylene B2 has a density higher than the density of polyethylene B1, as measured according to ISO 1183-2:2004 at a temperature of 23 C; and wherein the melt index MI2 of polyethylene B2 is higher than the melt index MI2 of polyethylene B1, as measured according to ISO 1133 Procedure B at a temperature of 190 C and a load of 2.16 kg.', 'b2) at least 25% to at most 55% by weight of a metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene B2, wherein % by weight is based on the total weight of the metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene B;'}17. The polyethylene composition according to claim 16 , wherein polyethylene B has a multimodal molecular weight ...

Antislip sheet material having tapes and monofilaments

A sheet of material with an anti-skid surface, suitable for use as a roofing underlayment or wrapper, comprises a scrim made of woven plastic tapes with monofilaments that are round in cross-section and have a diameter larger than the thickness of the plastic tapes interwoven with the tapes. The monofilaments form ridges on the sheet material that impart an enhanced coefficient of friction to it. The monofilaments may be incorporated in the weave in the warp or weft directions or both.

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR MAKING AN EROSION CONTROL MAT

A process for making an erosion control mat includes rotating a cylindrical drum having a plurality of mold cavities; depositing a paste into the mold cavities; selecting the sheet of mesh material to have sufficient tensile strength to join the blocks of hardened paste together without tearing or separating from the blocks of hardened paste, and to have sufficient density to retain the paste within the mold cavities as the drum rotates; covering an outer surface of the cylindrical drum and outer surfaces of the paste with the sheet of mesh material; continuing to rotate the cylindrical drum as the paste hardens into dimensionally stable blocks, and holding the sheet against the outer surface such that the sheet retains the paste within the mold cavities and the sheet becomes embedded in the paste; and separating the dimensionally stable blocks from the mold cavities. 1. A process for making an erosion control mat consisting of a plurality of blocks of hardened paste attached to and joined together by a sheet of mesh material , the process comprising:rotating a cylindrical drum having a plurality of mold cavities about an outer surface thereof shaped to form the blocks;depositing a flowable, hardenable paste into the mold cavities;selecting the sheet of mesh material to have sufficient tensile strength to join the blocks of hardened paste together without tearing or separating from the blocks of hardened paste, and to have sufficient density to retain the paste within the mold cavities as the drum rotates;covering an outer surface of the cylindrical drum and outer surfaces of the flowable paste in the mold cavities with the sheet of mesh material as the cylindrical drum rotates;continuing to rotate the cylindrical drum as the flowable, hardenable paste hardens into dimensionally stable blocks in the mold cavities, and holding the sheet of mesh material against the outer surface such that the sheet of mesh material retains the paste within the mold cavities and at ...

Infill For Artificial Turf System

An artificial turf system includes a turf assembly having a turf backing and stands of artificial grass blades extending from the turf backing to form an artificial turf layer. Infill material is placed in between the blades of artificial grass and on top of the turf backing. The infill material has a composition of sand in an amount within the range of from about 80 to about 98 percent of the infill by dry bulk weight, and organic particles in an amount within the range of from about 2 to about 20 percent of the infill by dry bulk weight. 1. An infill material for an artificial turf system comprising:a plurality of wood particles, at least a portion of the plurality of wood particles defining a length dimension greater than a width or a thickness dimension, the length dimension being oriented generally parallel to a grain structure of the wood particles, the length dimension in a range of about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, the length and one of the width or thickness dimensions defining an aspect ratio within a range of 1:2 to 10:1.2. The infill material of wherein the at least a portion of the plurality of wood particles maintains a water absorptive property that permits water to be retained by the portion of wood particles and released over time to disperse heat from the infill material3. The infill material of wherein the plurality of wood particles are formed from at least one of a heartwood or sapwood component of a hardwood or a softwood species and having width to thickness dimensions in a range of about (0.5 mm to 5 mm)×(0.5 mm to 5 mm) defining a cross section and the length dimension in a range from about 1 mm to about 5 mm.4. The infill material of wherein the wood particles have a hardness measured on a Janka scale within a range of from about 500 to about 2500.5. The infill material of further including sand wherein the plurality of wood particles forms a first layer and the sand forms a second layer such that a weight ratio of the second layer to the first ...

ARTIFICIAL TURF FIBER WITH LLDPE AND LDPE

A method for manufacturing an artificial turf fiber includes creating a polymer mixture that includes, 60-99% by weight of an LLDPE polymer and 1-15% by weight of an LDPE polymer. The method further includes extruding the polymer mixture into a monofilament; quenching the monofilament; reheating the monofilament; and stretching the reheated monofilament to form the monofilament into the artificial turf fiber. 124-. (canceled)25. An artificial turf fiber comprising:60-99% by weight of a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer; and1-15% by weight of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer.26. The artificial turf fiber of claim 25 , wherein the LLDPE polymer has a density in a range of 0.918 g/cmto 0.920 g/cm claim 25 , and wherein the LDPE polymer has a density in a range of 0.919 g/cmto 0.921 g/cm.27. The artificial turf fiber of claim 25 , wherein the LLDPE polymer comprises a first LLDPE polymer and a second LLDPE polymer claim 25 , the first LLDPE polymer having a density in a range of 0.918 g/cmto 0.920 g/cmand the second LLDPE polymer having a density in a range of 0.914 g/cmto 0.918 g/cm claim 25 , and wherein the LDPE polymer has a density in a range of 0.919 g/cmto 0.921 g/cm.28. The artificial turf fiber of claim 27 , wherein the artificial turf fiber comprises 60-99% by weight the first LLDPE polymer and 7-13% by weight the second LLDPE polymer.29. An artificial turf comprising an artificial turf textile backing and the artificial turf fiber according to claim 25 , the artificial turf fiber being incorporated into the artificial turf backing.30. The artificial turf of claim 29 , wherein the artificial turf fiber is an extruded and stretched monofilament. The invention relates to artificial turf and the production of artificial turf which is also referred to as synthetic turf. The invention further relates to the production of fibers that imitate grass, and in particular a product and a production method for artificial turf fibers based on polymer ...

Base For Turf System

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly. 1. An artificial turf system comprising:an artificial turf layer including a turf carpet; anda turf underlayment layer comprised of an assembly of panels, the panels including a top side having a plurality of projections, a bottom side, and a core, the plurality of top side projections supporting the artificial turf layer and forming top side drainage channels that extend across the top side of the panel to allow drainage of fluid across the top side of the panel, the panels having a core from which the plurality of top side projections extend, and wherein the panels are made from a plurality of polyolefin beads, the plurality of polyolefin beads bonded together by at least one of pressure and heat to produce a substantially water-impervious surface, the panel having at least one of a Berlin Artificial Athlete test method shock absorption value in a range of about 55-70% or a Berlin Artificial Athlete test method vertical deformation value about 4 millimeters to about 9 millimeters.2. The artificial turf system of wherein the turf carpet includes an infill material and the top side projections have tapered sides that are configured to trap infill material that passes from the turf carpet to the turf underlayment layer.3. The artificial turf system of wherein the panels further including a plurality of drain holes positioned through the panel core to allow fluid to flow from the top side of the panel to the bottom side of the panel.4. The artificial turf system of wherein the top side drainage channels are in fluid communication with the plurality of drain holes.5. The artificial ...

A METHOD OF PRODUCING A MINERAL WOOL PRODUCT COMPRISING A MULTIPLE OF LAMELLAE AND A PRODUCT OF SUCH KIND

A method and a mineral wool product include a multiple of lamellae, such as a sandwich panel core. The product includes a plurality of lamellae cut from a mineral wool web, and bonded together by applying an adhesive on the surfaces of two adjacent lamellae to form a web-like product, wherein the adhesive comprises at least one hydrocolloid. 1. A method of producing a mineral wool product comprising a multiple of lamellae , said method comprising the steps of:providing a cured mineral wool web;cutting said mineral wool web into a plurality of lamellae;bonding the lamellae together by applying an adhesive on the surfaces of two adjacent of the plurality of lamellae; andcuring the adhesive, wherein the adhesive comprises at least one hydrocolloid.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive is applied to the surface of the cured mineral wool web before cutting the mineral wool web into lamellae.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting of gelatine claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , starch claim 1 , alginate claim 1 , agar agar claim 1 , carrageenan claim 1 , gellan gum claim 1 , guar gum claim 1 , gum arabic claim 1 , locust bean gum claim 1 , xanthan gum claim 1 , cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose claim 1 , arabinoxylan claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , curdlan claim 1 , β-glucan.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrocolloid is a polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting of gelatine claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , alginate claim 1 , carrageenan claim 1 , gum arabic claim 1 , xanthan gum claim 1 , cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive comprises at least two hydrocolloids claim 1 , wherein one hydrocolloid is gelatine and the at least one other hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting ...

METHOD OF DYNAMICALLY CALCULATING REFRACTIVE INDEX TO DETERMINE THE THICKNESS OF ROOFING MATERIALS

Disclosed is a system for measuring and controlling the thickness of asphalt roofing materials during manufacturing. Light beams are used to generate a time of flight signal that is used to determine the thickness of the asphalt roofing layer. A controller generates a thickness control signal that controls a coater to modify parameters of the coater to produce the asphalt roofing layer with a desired thickness. 1. A method of controlling the thickness of an asphalt roofing layer during manufacturing comprising:measuring temperature and density of said asphalt roofing layer;determining a refractive index for said asphalt roofing layer, that varies with density and temperature of said asphalt roofing layer, using empirical data;measuring time of flight of a light beam through said asphalt roofing layer;calculating said thickness of said asphalt roofing layer by multiplying said time of flight by speed of light divided by said refractive index to obtain a measured thickness;comparing said measured thickness of said asphalt roofing layer with a desired thickness to generate an error signal;using said error signal to generate a control signal in a controller;using said control signal to control an asphalt coater or scraper to alter said measured thickness of said asphalt roofing layer to said desired thickness during manufacture of said asphalt roofing layer.2. The method of wherein said method of measuring said time of flight of said light beam through said asphalt roofing layer comprises:using a time domain spectrometer that transmits light beams that reflect from a top surface of said asphalt roofing layer and a bottom surface of said asphalt roofing layer.3. The method of wherein said method of determining a refractive index for said asphalt roofing layer comprises:directly measuring speed of light propagated through asphalt with various filler percentages of said asphalt layer and at various temperatures of said asphalt layer to obtain propagation data;using ...

FIBERGLASS MATERIAL MANUFACTURE METHOD COMPRISING STEPS OF SIZING AND DESIZING, AND FACILITY SUITABLE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD

The invention relates to a fiberglass material manufacture method and facility, were in molten glass is converted into fiberglass material via the steps of spinning, drawing, sizing, and collecting, followed by a step of producing a resulting fiberglass material that is then subjected to thermal desizing. The fumes from the melting furnace are used to preheat a combustion reagent from the melting furnace in two steps: a first step in which air is heated via heat exchange with the fumes, and a second step in which the combustion reagent is preheated via heat exchange with the hot air, the air then being used in the step of desizing the fiberglass material. 114-. (canceled)15. A process for the manufacture of a glass fiber product in which molten glass is converted into a glass fiber , comprising the step of:{'b': 1000', '1600, 'the molten glass is produced in a melting furnace heated by combustion of a fuel with a rich oxidizer having an oxygen content of 80 vol % to 100 vol %, with generation of heat and flue gases, said generated flue gases being discharged from the melting furnace at a temperature between ° C. and ° C.;'}spinning the molten glass into at least one stream;attenuating the at least one stream into one or more filaments;sizing the filament or filaments;collecting the filament or filaments;producing the glass fiber product by means of the collected sized filament or filaments;thermal desizing of the glass fiber product;air is heated by heat exchange with discharged flue gases in a heat-exchange assembly with hot air being obtained;{'b': 200', '500, 'a reactant chosen from rich oxidizers and gaseous fuels is preheated by heat exchange with the hot air in the heat-exchange assembly with the production, on the one hand, of preheated reactant and, on the other hand, of moderated air at a temperature between ° C. and ° C., wherein the preheated reactant is used as combustion reactant in the melting furnace; and'}bringing the moderated air into contact with ...

Millable, Recyclable, Waterproofing, Paving Fabric Interlayer System And Method Of Use

A millable, recyclable, paving fabric interlayer system for the construction and repair of roadways and other load-bearing surfaces and method of using such a fabric is disclosed. The paving fabric includes thermoplastic materials and is combined with asphalt cement to provide a flexible, stress relieving, waterproofing layer for roadways. Because of the thickness and asphalt cement absorption of the fabric, the system provides a stress absorbing interlayer to resist fatigue and reflective cracking in pavements. The system also acts as an effective moisture barrier due to the enhanced capability to retain sufficient asphalt cement when paved onto a roadway. Such a system has the required strength and elongation to be installed on smooth or milled surfaces yet is easily milled and recycled owing to the uniquely engineered tensile and tear strengths of the fabric.

Shock Pad for Synthetic Turf and Methods for Making Same

Disclosed are methods for making shock absorbing pads utilizing reclaimed artificial turf and reclaimed carpet materials. It is demonstrated that the artificial turf systems comprising inventive pads exhibit improved Head Impact Criteria (HIC) and cradle-to-cradle score. 1. A method of making a shock absorbing pad , comprising:a) forming a composite blend of at least one reclaimed artificial turf material and a binder material wherein the at least one reclaimed artificial turf material comprises face fibers, primary backing fibers, adhesive backing, or any combination thereof;b) forming the composite blend into a composite web; andc) treating the composite web to set the binder material under conditions effective to provide a composite nonwoven pad.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of treating comprises step of heating claim 1 , pressuring claim 1 , calendering claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reclaimed artificial turf material comprises face fibers claim 1 , primary backing fibers claim 1 , and adhesive backing.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formed composite blend comprises artificial turf infill material claim 1 , at least one performed additive claim 1 , at least one reclaimed carpet material claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reclaimed artificial turf material comprises a thermoset polymer claim 1 , a thermoplastic polymer claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is a low melt fiber.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is a bi-component fiber.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reclaimed artificial turf material comprises a polyolefin claim 1 , polyamide claim 1 , polystyrene claim 1 , polyurethane claim 1 , polyester claim 1 , polyvinyl chloride claim 1 , polyacrylic claim 1 , or any combination thereof.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite nonwoven pad of step c) has a face surface and an opposed back ...

A MASONRY REINFORCEMENT STRUCTURE COMPRISING PARALLEL ASSEMBLIES OF GROUPED METAL FILAMENTS AND A POLYMER COATING

The invention relates to a masonry reinforcement structure () comprising at least two assemblies () of grouped metal filaments, at least one positioning element () for positioning the assemblies () of grouped metal filaments in a predetermined position and a polymer coating () for securing the assemblies () of grouped metal filaments in this predetermined position. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such masonry reinforcement structure () and to a roll comprising such a masonry reinforcement structure(). The invention further relates to masonry reinforced with such masonry reinforcement structure () and to a method to apply such masonry reinforcement structure(). 1. A masonry reinforcement structure comprising at least two assemblies of grouped metal filaments , at least one positioning element for positioning said at least two assemblies of grouped metal filaments in a predetermined position and a polymer coating for securing said at least two assemblies of grouped metal filaments in said predetermined position , said polymer coating being applied on said at least two assemblies and on said at least one positioning element.2. A masonry reinforcement structure according to claim 1 , wherein said assemblies of grouped metal filaments comprise parallel or substantially parallel metal filaments.3. A masonry reinforcement structure according to claim 1 , wherein said assemblies of grouped metal filaments comprise metal filaments that are twisted together.4. A masonry reinforcement structure according to claim 1 , wherein said positioning element comprises a substrate or elongated element.5. A masonry reinforcement structure according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer coating is selected from the group consisting of acrylic coatings claim 1 , acrylic based coatings claim 1 , polyethylene based coatings and polyurethane based coatings.6. A masonry reinforcement structure according to claim 5 , wherein said polymer coating has a thickness ranging ...

POLYMAT SHINGLE

Disclosed is a shingle that uses a polyester sheet as a substrate layer. The polyester sheet has a sufficient weight and is needled and formed from two layers to resist shrinking upon cooling after the heated asphalt layers are applied to the polyester substrate sheet . In addition, additives may be included in the asphalt to lower the softening point temperature of the asphalt that further reduces shrinking of the polyester substrate or allows other polymers that are more fire retardant to be used. Fire retardants can be placed in the polyester sheet fibers, placed in the bonding agent for the polyester fibers, or the polyester sheet can be coated with the fire retardant. Alternatively, or in addition to treating the polyester sheet with fire retardant, fire retardant materials such as ammonium sulfate can be added to the liquid asphalt prior to application of the asphalt layers. 1. A method of making a roofing shingle comprising:forming a non-woven polyester sheet having a mass of at least 65 grams per square meter;coating said non-woven polyester sheet with a fire retardant;heating asphalt to a liquid state;applying said asphalt in said liquid state to a first side of said polyester sheet and to a second side of said polyester sheet;allowing said asphalt to cool in ambient air.2. The method of further comprising:mixing additives with said asphalt in said liquid state to reduce the equiviscous temperature of said asphalt.3. The method of wherein said process of mixing additives comprises mixing napthenic oil with said asphalt.4. A method of making an impact resistant roofing shingle comprising:forming a porous polyester sheet having a mass of at least 65 grams per square meter that is made from a plurality of extruded viscoelastic polyester fibers that are entangled using a needle punch process and fused together using heat and pressure;heating asphalt to a liquid state to create liquid asphalt;mixing a fire retardant with said liquid asphalt to form a fire ...

MULTI-AXIAL GRID OR MESH STRUCTURES WITH HIGH ASPECT RATIO RIBS

A multi-axial geogrid possesses a series of interconnected strands or ribs that are arranged along at least two different axes within the plane of the structure. The strands or ribs have an aspect ratio, defined as the ratio of the thickness to width, of greater than 1.0, thickness being the direction normal to the plane of the structure. The geogrid can be manufactured by modifying the process parameters in order to create high aspect ratio ribs, using any of the various known methods for producing geogrids. A reinforced civil engineering structure, and method therefor, is formed by embedding in soil one or more horizontal layers of geogrid having high aspect ratio ribs. The reinforced structure shows improved rutting performance when subjected to vehicular traffic.

LANDSCAPING FABRIC HAVING ENHANCED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

A method of making gardening fabric includes melting a polymer and processing the melted polymer, drawing the processed polymer into filaments, forming a web from the filaments, and autogenously bonding the web to form the gardening fabric as a nonwoven fabric sheet. The autogenous bonding includes forming a pattern into the nonwoven fabric sheet, the pattern being formed by areas of the nonwoven fabric sheet that exhibit a higher degree of fusion than other areas. The pattern may include a lattice forming a plurality of identically sized geometric areas of the bonded fibers, and the lattice is formed by areas of the bonded fibers that exhibit a higher degree of fusion than the identically sized geometric areas. The pattern may include a lattice forming a plurality of identically sized s-shaped areas of the bonded fibers, or a lattice forming a plurality of randomly shaped and sized non-geometric shapes. 1. A gardening fabric comprising:a nonwoven fabric sheet comprised of bonded fibers;a pattern formed into the nonwoven fabric sheet, the pattern being formed by areas of the bonded fibers that exhibit a higher degree of fusion than other areas.2. The gardening fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pattern comprises a lattice forming a plurality of identically sized geometric areas of the bonded fibers claim 1 , the lattice being formed by areas of the bonded fibers that exhibit a higher degree of fusion than the identically sized geometric areas.3. The gardening fabric of claim 2 , wherein the lattice forms a honeycomb pattern.4. The gardening fabric of claim 2 , wherein the identically sized geometric areas are hexagonal in shape.5. The gardening fabric of claim 2 , wherein the identically sized geometric areas are elliptical in shape.6. The gardening fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pattern comprises a lattice forming a plurality of identically sized s-shaped areas of the bonded fibers claim 1 , the lattice being formed by areas of the bonded fibers that exhibit a lesser ...

COATING COMPOSITION AND SYSTEM FOR RENEWAL OF ASPHALT SHINGLE ROOFS AND METHOD OF APPLICATION THEREOF

A composite structure includes a substrate, a first coating layer arranged on the substrate, and a second coating layer arranged on the first coating layer such that the first coating layer is between the substrate and the second coating layer. The composite structure may further include a third coating layer and an aggregate layer arranged on the second coating layer. A method of forming a composite structure includes applying a coating mixture by spray or by rolling, brushing or squeegeeing to a substrate, partially dissolving the substrate, thereby allowing the coating mixture to partially mix with the substrate to form a first coating layer on the substrate; and forming a second coating layer from the coating compound on the first coating layer. 1. A composite structure , comprising:a substrate;a first coating layer arranged on the substrate; anda second coating layer arranged on the first coating layer such that the first coating layer is between the substrate and the second coating layer,wherein:the substrate comprises at least one substrate material selected from the group consisting of an asphalt shingle, a fiberglass shingle, asphalt, a bituminous material, roofing tar, EPDM, roofing paper, TPO, PVC, ketone ethylene ester, and a siding material,the second coating layer comprises at least one coating material selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a PVDF resin, a polyurea resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, a polyurea-polyurethane hybrid resin, and combinations and hybrids thereof, andthe first coating layer comprises a mixture of the at least one substrate material and the at least one coating material.2. The composite structure of claim 1 , further comprising a third coating layer comprising at least one coating material selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin claim 1 , a PVDF resin claim 1 , a polyurea resin claim 1 , a polyurethane resin claim 1 , an epoxy resin claim 1 , a polyurea-polyurethane hybrid resin claim ...

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE ETHYLENE COPOLYMER COMPOSITIONS

Disclosed is a selectively permeable protective structure, a method for providing personal protection from exposure to harmful chemical and biological agents using an article that provides a barrier to such agents and a method for limiting damage to the article due to corrosion or mold growth, comprising wrapping or covering the article in the selectively permeable protective structure. The selectively permeable structure comprises a membrane comprising a copolymer comprising copolymerized units of ethylene and copolymerized units of a comonomer providing an amine-reactive site combined with a short chain polymer having from about 5 to 50 repeat units and containing one primary amine active amine site, having a moisture vapor permeation value of at least 200 g-mil/m/24 h and barrier to liquid water, and optionally a supporting substrate. 1. A selectively permeable structure or article comprising a selectively permeable composition comprising(a) a copolymer comprising copolymerized units of ethylene and copolymerized units of a comonomer providing an amine-reactive site comprising an anhydride group, a vicinal pair of carboxylic groups or a carboxylic group adjacent to an alkoxycarbonyl group, wherein the alkoxy group contains up to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally copolymerized units of a third comonomer, wherein the amine-reactive site is present in the copolymer in an amount of from 3 to 25 weight %; and(b) a short chain polymer having from about 5 to 50 repeat units and containing one primary amine active amine site, the remainder of the side chain polymer being substantially unreactive with the amine-reactive sites of the copolymer of (a) and comprising propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, or mixture thereof, in an amount of about 20 to about 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of (a); anda substrate wherein the substrate or a portion thereof is coextruded, impregnated, incorporated, laminated embedded or coated with the composition.2. The article of wherein ...

ARTIFICIAL TURF MAT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURE THEREOF

An artificial turf mat includes a woven backing and a number of artificial grass blades connected thereto. The woven backing includes a leno weave of warp and weft threads where at least some of the warp threads and/or some of the weft threads are formed by melting threads. The artificial grass blades are woven into the woven backing. Each melting thread can include a temperature-resistant thread core and a meltable coating surrounding the thread core. A method for manufacturing an artificial turf mat includes weaving a backing and connecting a number of artificial grass blades thereto. The backing is woven by interweaving a number of warp and weft threads by means of leno weaving, at least some of the interwoven threads are formed by melting threads, and artificial grass blades are woven into the woven backing. 128-. (canceled)29. An artificial turf mat , comprising:a woven backing and a number of artificial grass blades connected thereto;wherein the woven backing comprises a leno weave of warp and weft threads;wherein at least some of the threads are formed by melting threads, andwherein the artificial grass blades are woven into the woven backing.30. The artificial turf mat of claim 29 , wherein the artificial grass blades protrude from the backing on both sides.31. The artificial turf mat of claim 29 , wherein at least some of the warp threads and/or weft threads are formed by melting threads.32. The artificial turf mat of claim 29 , wherein each melting thread comprises a temperature-resistant thread core and a meltable coating surrounding the thread core.33. The artificial turf mat of claim 32 , wherein the thread core comprises a plastic with a relatively high melting temperature; and/or wherein the coating comprises a plastic with a relatively low melting temperature.34. The artificial turf mat of claim 29 , wherein at least some of the warp and/or weft threads are formed by shrinking yarns and/or spiral yarns.35. The artificial turf mat of claim 29 , ...

ANTISLIP SHEET MATERIAL WITH TWISTED TAPES

A sheet of material suitable for roofing or industrial wrapping applications has an anti-skid surface formed by ridges of twisted tapes. The sheet comprises a woven scrim of warp tapes and weft tapes. Some of the tapes are twisted about their longitudinal axis, for example about (25) to (400) revolutions per meter, to form ridges having a height substantially greater than the thickness of the tapes. The ridges impart an anti-skid surface to the sheet. The scrim is bonded to a coating or film to make the sheet waterproof. 123-. (canceled)24. A sheet of material having an anti-skid surface , the sheet of material comprising:a first set of tapes generally parallel to each other, wherein the first set of tapes comprise twisted tapes and untwisted tapes;a second set of tapes generally parallel to each other and perpendicular to the first set of tapes, wherein the tapes of the first set and the tapes of the second set are interwoven with each other to form a scrim; anda waterproof film bonded to the scrim;wherein the twisted tapes form a plurality of parallel ridges, wherein the ridges have a height at least five times greater than the thickness of the untwisted tapes, and wherein the ridges form the anti-skid surface of the sheet.25. The sheet of material according to claim 24 , wherein the second set of tapes comprise twisted tapes and untwisted tapes.26. The sheet of material according to claim 24 , wherein each of the twisted tapes are twisted in a range of 25 revolutions per meter and 400 revolutions per meter.27. The sheet of material according to claim 24 , wherein the twisted tapes have a width greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than 6 mm claim 24 , and wherein the twisted tapes are twisted between about 250 revolutions per meter and about 400 revolutions per meter.28. The sheet of material according to claim 24 , wherein the height of the ridges is between about ten mils and about twenty mils.29. The sheet of material according to claim 24 , wherein at least ...

Shock Pad for Synthetic Turf and Methods for Making Same

Disclosed are methods for making shock absorbing pads utilizing reclaimed artificial turf and reclaimed carpet materials. It is demonstrated that the artificial turf systems comprising inventive pads exhibit improved Head Impact Criteria (HIC) and cradle-to-cradle score. 1. A shock absorbing pad , comprising:a composite nonwoven pad having a face surface and an opposed back surface and comprising a nonwoven blend of at least one reclaimed artificial turf material and a heat set binder material,wherein the at least one reclaimed artificial turf material comprises face fibers, primary backing fibers, adhesive backing, or any combination thereof.2. (canceled)3. The shock absorbing pad of claim 1 , further comprising an artificial turf infill material embedded within the composite nonwoven pad claim 1 , and wherein the artificial turf infill material comprises at least one of silica sand claim 1 , rubber crumb granules claim 1 , organic component claim 1 , ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber claim 1 , thermoplastic elastomers claim 1 , polyurethane or any combination thereof.4. (canceled)5. The shock pad of claim 1 , further comprising at least one performance additive embedded within the nonwoven blend.6. The shock pad of claim 5 , wherein the at least one performance additive comprises a virgin polymeric material claim 5 , high denier fibers claim 5 , a low melt fibers claim 5 , a resilient material claim 5 , foam chips claim 5 , rubber chips claim 5 , cork claim 5 , wood chips claim 5 , silica sand claim 5 , adhesive material claim 5 , binder fibers claim 5 , or any combination thereof.7. The shock pad of claim 1 , wherein the reclaimed artificial turf material comprises a thermoset polymer claim 1 , a thermoplastic polymer claim 1 , or a combination thereof.8. The shock pad of claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven blend further comprises at least one reclaimed carpet material.9. The shock pad of claim 8 , wherein the reclaimed carpet material comprises a post- ...

ANTISLIP SHEET MATERIAL HAVING TAPES AND MONOFILAMENTS

A sheet material with an anti-skid surface, suitable for use as a roofing underlayment or wrapper, comprises a scrim made of woven plastic tapes with monofilaments that are round in cross-section and have a diameter larger than the thickness of the plastic tapes interwoven with the tapes. The monofilaments form ridges on the sheet material that impart an enhanced coefficient of friction to it. The monofilaments may be incorporated in the weave in the warp or weft directions or both.

Dynamically Calculated Refractive Index for Determining the Thickness of Roofing Materials

Disclosed is a system for measuring and controlling the thickness of asphalt roofing materials during manufacturing. Light beams are used to generate a time of flight signal that is used to determine the thickness of the asphalt roofing layer. A controller generates a thickness control signal that controls a coater to modify parameters of the coater to produce the asphalt roofing layer with a desired thickness.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FORMING PATTERNED ARTIFICIAL/SYNTHETIC SPORTS TURF FABRICS

A system and method for forming synthetic/artificial grass or turf products in which a series of tufts of artificial/synthetic grass filaments or yarns are formed in a backing material with various graphic pattern effects being formed therewith. The system generally will include at least one needle bar having at least one row of needles mounted along a tufting zone and reciprocated through the backing to a desired penetration depth, and will present a desired set or group of yarns to a series of pattern pixels or stitch areas. A series of level cut loop loopers or hooks will be aligned with and will engage the needles in order to form tufts of yarns in the backing material. Clips of the level cut loop loopers will be selectively controlled to control the retention of selected ones of the yarns presented at each pattern pixel. The remaining, non-selected yarns generally are not retained at the pattern pixels, and can be formed as lower pile tufts or removed from the backing material. 1. A method of forming tufted articles , comprising:reciprocating a series of needles into a backing moving therebeneath, wherein the needles are arranged in sets of needles threaded with one or more different colors of yarns;presenting a series of yarns carried by the sets of needles to a plurality of stitch areas defined across the backing;as the series of yarns are presented to each of the plurality of stitch areas, selectively activating clips of a series of level cut loop loopers moving toward engagement with the needles, in accordance with an LCL pattern profile to enable pick-up of selected yarns of the series of yarns presented at each stitch area for formation of tufts of the selected yarns at the plurality of stitch areas defined across the backing to form a pattern for the tufted article; andcontrolling feeding of the yarns presented to each of the plurality of stitch areas by the needles in accordance with the LCL pattern profile so as to form the tufts of the selected yarns ...

ARTIFICIAL TURF FIBER WITH A NON-CIRCULAR CLADDING

An artificial turf fiber comprising at least one monofilament, each monofilament comprising a cylindrical core and a cladding. The core comprises a core polymer and threadlike regions formed by a thread polymer and embedded in the core polymer. The cladding is formed by a cladding polymer surrounding the core. It has a non-circular profile and is miscible with the core polymer. 1. An artificial turf fiber comprising at least one monofilament , each of the at least one monofilament comprising a cylindrical core and a cladding ,the core comprising a core polymer and threadlike regions formed by a thread polymer, the threadlike regions being embedded in the core polymer,the cladding being formed by a cladding polymer, the cladding surrounding the core and having a non-circular profile, the cladding polymer being miscible with the core polymer.2. The artificial turf fiber of claim 1 , the cladding forming two protrusions which extend from the core in opposite directions.3. The artificial turf fiber of claim 2 , the profile of at least one of the protrusions comprising a concave side.4. The artificial turf fiber of claim 2 , the profile of at least one of the protrusions comprising an undulated section spanning at least 60% of one side of said at least one protrusion.5. The artificial turf fiber of claim 4 , the undulated section spanning one side of the non-circular profile claim 4 , the non-circular profile comprising no further undulated sections apart from the undulated side.6. The artificial turf fiber of claim 1 , the core further comprising a compatibilizer surrounding each of the threadlike regions and interfacing the thread polymer and the core polymer.7. The artificial turf fiber claim 1 , the cladding being joined to the core by a contact layer claim 1 , the contact layer comprising a mixture of the core polymer and the cladding polymer.8. The artificial turf fiber of claim 7 , the thread polymer being immiscible with the cladding polymer claim 7 , the contact ...

Woven Geotextile Fabrics

Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of woven geotextile fabrics. In exemplary embodiments, a geotextile has a high water flow rate, such as a water flow rate of at least 125 gallons per minute per square foot, etc. 1. A geotextile fabric comprising a single weft yarn system including weft yarns and a single warp yarn system including warp yarns that are interwoven with the weft yarns , wherein:the geotextile fabric is configured to have a water flow rate of at least 125 gallons per minute per square foot;the geotextile fabric is configured to have a tensile modulus at 2% strain cross direction of at least 30,000 pounds per foot;an apparent opening size of no more than 0.425 millimeters;the warp yarns have an oval cross-sectional shape;the weft yarns have a round cross-sectional shape;the warp yarns comprise 1100 to 1600 denier polypropylene monofilament yarns; andthe weft yarns comprise 1700 to 2000 denier polypropylene monofilament yarns.2. The geotextile fabric of claim 1 , wherein the geotextile fabric is configured to have a machine direction tensile strength at 2% strain of at least 500 pounds per foot claim 1 , a cross machine direction tensile strength at 2% strain of at least 600 pounds per foot claim 1 , a machine direction tensile strength at 5% strain of at least 1600 pounds per foot claim 1 , and a cross machine direction tensile strength of at least 1600 pounds per foot.3. The geotextile fabric of claim 2 , wherein:the weft yarns are interwoven with the warp yarns such that the geotextile fabric has a 2/1 basket weave pattern; and/orthe geotextile fabric has a density of 32 threads per inch in a warp direction and a density of 17 threads per inch in a weft direction.4. The geotextile fabric of claim 3 , wherein:the geotextile fabric is configured to have a tensile modulus at 2% strain cross direction of at least 51,000 pounds; and/orthe geotextile fabric is configured to have a machine direction tensile strength at 2% strain of at least 600 pounds per ...

SHEET MATERIAL FOR ROOFING WITH WATER-BASED ADHESIVE BACK COATING

A sheet material for roofing to be installed on a roof under an overlayment comprising a closed-weave woven having a top side and a back side; a thermoplastic layer affixed on the top side; and a water-based adhesive coating affixed on the back side. The sheet material is manufactured as a roll in which the thermoplastic layer isolates the water-based adhesive coating from an immediate environment when the sheet material is in a roll form. 2. The sheet material of claim 1 , wherein the water-based adhesive coating is affixed to the back side according to a pattern which is consistent across the back side.3. The sheet material of claim 1 , wherein the water-based adhesive coating substantially covers entirely the back side.4. The sheet material of claim 1 , wherein the sheet material comprises a width and an edge portion along the width claim 1 , further wherein the water-based adhesive coating is affixed to the back side according to a pattern which is consistent across the back side except for the edge portion.5. The sheet material for roofing of claim 1 , wherein the closed-weave woven and the thermoplastic layer conform to an identical Resin Identification Code (RIC) for recycling purposes.6. The sheet material for roofing of claim 1 , wherein the sheet material has a width claim 1 , the sheet material further comprising an edge portion covering a portion of the width claim 1 , the edge portion having a different characteristic relative to the water-based adhesive coating on a remaining portion of the back side.7. The sheet material for roofing of claim 6 , wherein the different characteristic comprises one of density of the water-based adhesive coating claim 6 , nature of the water-based adhesive coating claim 6 , and pattern of the water-based adhesive coating.8. The sheet material for roofing of claim 1 , further comprises another thermoplastic layer affixed on the back side before the water-based adhesive coating.9. The sheet material for roofing of claim 8 , ...

Artificial turf infill with natural fiber and rubber granulate

An artificial turf includes an artificial turf infill. The artificial turf infill includes natural fiber mixed with rubber granulate. The artificial turf infill includes between 10% and 40% of the natural fiber by weight. The natural fiber includes any one of hemp fiber, cotton fiber, burlap fiber, sisal fiber, elephant grass fiber, or combinations thereof.

BINDER COMPOSITION

The invention relates to an aqueous binder composition for mineral fibers comprising at least one polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid. 187.-. (canceled)88. An aqueous binder composition for mineral fibers , wherein the composition comprises at least one polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid.89. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the at least one polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid comprises one or more of gelatin claim 88 , pectin claim 88 , alginate claim 88 , carrageenan claim 88 , gum arabic claim 88 , xanthan gum claim 88 , a cellulose derivative.90. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the composition comprises at least two polyelectrolytic hydrocolloids claim 88 , one polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid being gelatin and at least one other polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid being selected from pectin claim 88 , alginate claim 88 , carrageenan claim 88 , gum arabic claim 88 , xanthan gum claim 88 , and cellulose derivatives.91. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein gelatin is present in a concentration of from 10 to 95 wt.-% claim 88 , based on a weight of the at least one polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid.92. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the composition comprises at least two polyelectrolytic hydrocolloids which have complementary charges.93. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the binder composition is capable of curing at a temperature of not higher than 95° C.94. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the binder composition is not a thermoset binder composition.95. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the binder composition does not comprise a poly(meth)acrylic acid claim 88 , a salt of a poly(meth)acrylic acid or an ester of a poly(meth)acrylic acid.96. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the at least one polyelectrolytic hydrocolloid is or comprises a biopolymer or modified biopolymer.97. The binder composition of claim 88 , wherein the composition comprises one or more proteins of animal origin and further comprises ...

Split resistant fibre

A fibre for use in artificial turf has an elongate cross-sectional shape defining a first face and a second face that meet at side edges of the fibre. The first and second faces having respective first and second ridges that are offset with respect to each other, such that the cross-sectional shape is 2-fold rotationally symmetric with no reflectional symmetry. The fibre may be an extruded monofilament and shows improved resilience over symmetrical fibres of similar dimensions. 1. A fibre for use in artificial turf , the fibre having an elongate cross-sectional shape defining a first face and a second face that meet at side edges of the fibre , the first and second faces having respective first and second ridges that are offset with respect to each other , such that the cross-sectional shape is 2-fold rotationally symmetric with no reflectional symmetry.2. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second faces have concave portions.3. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second faces have corrugations.4. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein a centre line extending between the side edges has a length of between 0.5 mm and 2 mm claim 1 , preferably between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm claim 1 , most preferably around 1.25 mm.5. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio between a maximum thickness of the fibre measured transverse to a centre line extending between the side edges and a length of the centre line is between 0.25 and 0.6 claim 1 , preferably between 0.3 and 0.4.6. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein the fibre has a dtex value of between 1500 and 3000 claim 1 , preferably between 2000 and 25007. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein the side edges are rounded and have a radius of curvature of at least 0.05 mm.8. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second ridges are rounded and have a radius of curvature of at least 0.1 mm.9. The fibre according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second ridges are ...

POLYETHER URETHANE DEICER BOOTS

A deicer includes an aircraft structure and an outer layer with a sheet having a brittle point lower than −40° C. (−40° F.). The sheet includes a polyether urethane elastomer. A deicer includes an aircraft structure and an outer elastomer layer. The outer elastomer layer includes a non-woven fabric having polyether urethane fibers and one of (1) a carbon allotrope material aligned with at least one of the polyether urethane fibers and (2) a polyester urethane composition located on a portion of the non-woven fabric. A method of forming a layer of a deicer boot includes forming a polyether urethane elastomer sheet having a brittle point lower than −40° C. (−40° F.) and incorporating the polyether urethane elastomer sheet onto an aircraft structure. 1. A deicer comprising:an aircraft structure;an outer layer comprising a sheet having a brittle point lower than −40° C. (−40° F.), wherein the sheet comprises a polyether urethane elastomer.2. The deicer of claim 1 , further comprising:an inner elastomer layer located between the outer layer and the aircraft structure;a carcass layer having inflation tubes and located between the aircraft structure and the inner layer.3. The deicer of claim 1 , wherein the sheet is thermally fused from a plurality of non-woven electrospun polyether urethane fibers.4. The deicer of claim 3 , wherein the outer layer further comprises:a carbon allotrope material selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite and carbon black, wherein the carbon allotrope material is aligned with at least one polyether urethane fiber belonging to the plurality of non-woven electrospun polyether urethane fibers.5. The deicer of claim 4 , wherein the carbon allotrope material is located within at least one of the electrospun polyether urethane fibers.6. The deicer of claim 1 , further comprising:a bond layer adjacent the carcass layer and configured to attach the carcass layer to the aircraft structure.7. The deicer of claim 3 , ...

FUNCTIONAL SHEET

A functional sheet manufactured with staple fibers is provided. More particularly, a functional sheet is formed as a single layer or a composite layer by binding polyolefin staple fibers by needle punching, to enhance physical properties of the functional sheet so that the functional sheet may be used for various purposes, for example, for weed growth prevention, waterproofing, soundproofing, ground stabilization, civil engineering, construction and aging-friendly materials. 1. A functional sheet formed as a single layer or a composite layer by binding polyolefin staple fibers by needle punching ,wherein the polyolefin staple fibers comprise one selected from a group consisting of a polyethylene staple fiber, a polypropylene staple fiber and a polybutylene staple fiber, and a mixture of two or more thereof.2. The functional sheet of claim 1 , wherein the functional sheet is a sheet for ground stabilization installed above or below a ground.3. The functional sheet of claim 1 , wherein the functional sheet has an uneven structure formed on at least one surface of the function sheet claim 1 , a top area of a convex portion of the uneven structure is in a range from 0.5 mmto 6 mm claim 1 , and a total of top areas of convex portions is 30% to 70% of an area of the functional sheet on which the convex portions are formed.4. The functional sheet of claim 3 , wherein a difference in height between a convex portion and a neighboring concave portion of the uneven structure is in a range from 0.5 mm to 8 mm.5. The functional sheet of claim 3 , wherein a convex portion or a concave portion of the uneven structure has a “” shape or a “” shape.6. The functional sheet of claim 3 , wherein a valley is formed in a convex portion or a concave portion of the uneven structure.7. The functional sheet of claim 1 , wherein the functional sheet has a weight per unit area of 30 g/mto 600 g/m claim 1 , and a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm to 10 mm.8. The functional sheet of claim 1 , wherein ...

ARTIFICIAL TURF WITH MARBLED MONOFILAMENT

A method of manufacturing artificial turf creating a liquid polymer mixture, wherein the polymer mixture is at least a two-phase system. A first one of the phases includes a first polymer and a first dye, and a second one of the phases of the polymer mixture includes a second polymer and a second dye. The second dye has a different color than the first dye, the second polymer being of the same or of a different type as the first polymer. The first and the second phase are immiscible, the first phase forming polymer beads within the second phase. The method further includes extruding the polymer mixture into a monofilament including a marbled pattern of the first and second color; quenching the monofilament; reheating the monofilament; stretching the reheated monofilament to deform the polymer beads into threadlike regions and to form the monofilament into an artificial turf fiber; and incorporating the artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing. 129.-. (canceled)3063.-. (canceled)64. A method of manufacturing artificial turf , the method comprising the steps of:creating a liquid polymer mixture, wherein the polymer mixture is at least a two-phase system, a first one of the phases comprising a first polymer and a first dye, a second one of the phases of the polymer mixture comprising a second polymer and a second dye, the second dye having a different color than the first dye, the second polymer being of the same or of a different type as the first polymer, the first and the second phase being immiscible, the first phase forming polymer beads within the second phase;extruding the polymer mixture into a monofilament comprising a marbled pattern of the first and second color;quenching the monofilament;reheating the monofilament;stretching the reheated monofilament to deform the polymer beads into threadlike regions and to form the monofilament into an artificial turf fiber;incorporating the artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing, wherein the ...

Use, stabilization and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile/carbon composite fibers

In a method of making a carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are mixed into a solution including polyacrylonitrile (PAN) so as to form a CNT/PAN mixture. At least one PAN/CNT fiber is formed from the mixture. A first predetermined electrical current is applied to the PAN/CNT fiber until the PAN/CNT fiber is a stabilized PAN/CNT fiber. A heatable fabric that includes a plurality of fibers that each have an axis. Each of the plurality of fibers includes polyacrylonitrile and carbon nanotubes dispersed in the polyacrylonitrile in a predetermined weight percent thereof and aligned along the axes of the plurality of fibers. The plurality of fibers are woven into a fabric. A current source is configured to apply an electrical current through the plurality of fibers, thereby causing the fibers to generate heat.

Fire-retardant artificial grass

Artificial grass ( 100, 200, 320 ) with good fire-retardant performance including its manufacturing process ( 300 ) is disclosed, particularly to be used for indoor applications. The fire retardant, particularly of halogen-based type ( 311 ), is incorporated within the artificial fiber filaments ( 101, 201, 301 ). The backing ( 102, 202, 302 ) onto which the artificial fiber filaments ( 101, 201, 301 ) are attached, may also be provided with a fire retardant.

Pyramidal Fabrics Having Multi-Lobe Filament Yarns and Method for Erosion Control

A pyramidal geotextile fabric comprising two sets of multi-lobe filament yarns interwoven in substantially perpendicular direction to each other, each of the multi-lobe filament yarns having pre-determined, different heat shrinkage characteristics such that, upon heating, the fabric forms a three-dimensional, cuspated profile. A method of stabilizing soil and reinforcing vegetation comprises the steps of placing a three-dimensional, high-profile woven fabric into soil, wherein the fabric comprises two sets of multi-lobe filament yarns interwoven in substantially perpendicular direction to each other, each of the multi-lobe filament yarns having pre-determined, different heat shrinkage characteristics such that, upon heating, the fabric forms a three-dimensional, cuspated profile; securing the fabric to the ground; and, distributing soil and seed onto the fabric such that the section of ground is quickly revegetated and thereby protected from further erosion. 116-. (canceled)17. A three-dimensional , single-layered , geotextile mat comprising woven drawn , trilobal , heat-shrinkable , thermoplastic polymer filament yarns comprising a denier in the range of about 1200 to about 2000 having a cuspated conformation on both an upper face of the geotextile mat and a lower face of the geotextile mat wherein the upper and lower faces of the mat comprise the same composition.18. The geotextile mat of comprising a waffle weave pattern.19. The geotextile mat of comprising a honeycomb weave pattern.20. The geotextile mat of wherein each trilobal filament yarns comprises different heat shrinkage characteristics depending upon its position within the woven mat.21. The geotextile mat of wherein the cuspated conformation comprises pyramidal shapes.22. The geotextile mat of wherein the drawn claim 17 , trilobal claim 17 , thermoplastic polymer claim 17 , filament yarn includes a cross-sectional geometry having a core region and three substantially curved lobes and three channels.23. ...

A net

A wind lift mitigation net for mitigating or preventing wind lift of at least one membrane covering an outdoor aggregation of matter is provided. The wind lift mitigation net comprises a plurality of monofilaments. At least some of the monofilaments may each have a cross-sectional shape that comprises at least one vertex. The cross-sectional shape may, for example, be a non-circular shape such as a tear drop, triangular, square or stellate shape. At least some of the monofilaments may each have at least one substantially planar surface.

CROSS-PLANE DRAINAGE FABRIC

Described herein is an anti-capillary barrier geotextile which includes a wicking yarn in its structure and has a volumetric moisture content at breakthrough of less than 0.30 as determined by the TenCate Test. In one aspect the anti-capillary barrier geotextile is a single-layer woven geotextile and includes a wicking yarn set and, optionally, a first non-wicking yarn disposed in one axis of the geotextile; and a second non-wicking yarn disposed in another axis of the geotextile and interweaving the wicking yarn set and optional first non-wicking yarn. 1. An anti-capillary barrier geotextile comprising a wicking yarn and having a volumetric moisture content at breakthrough of less than 0.30 as determined by the TenCate Test.2. The anti-capillary barrier geotextile as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the geotextile is a single-layer woven geotextile comprising:a wicking yarn set and, optionally, a first non-wicking yarn disposed in one axis of the geotextile; anda second non-wicking yarn disposed in another axis of the geotextile and interweaving the wicking yarn set and optional first non-wicking yarn;the wicking yarn set comprising one or more wicking yarns.3. The geotextile as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the geotextile has a repeating weave pattern comprising the wicking yarn set claim 2 , the first non-wicking yarn claim 2 , and the wicking yarn set.4. The geotextile as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the wicking yarn set comprises two wicking yarns.5. The geotextile as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the wicking yarn set comprises three wicking yarns.6. The geotextile as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the geotextile has a total surface area between about 10 to about 50 cm/g.7. The geotextile as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the geotextile has a permeability between about 0.05 to about 0.15 cm/s.8. The geotextile as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the wicking yarn is between about 500 and about 2500 denier and comprises a bundle of wicking monofilaments claim 2 , the wicking ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FORMING PATTERNED ARTIFICIAL/SYNTHETIC SPORTS TURF FABRICS

A system and method for forming synthetic/artificial grass or turf products in which a series of tufts of artificial/synthetic grass filaments or yarns are formed in a backing material with various graphic pattern effects being formed therewith. The system generally will include at least one needle bar having at least one row of needles mounted along a tufting zone and reciprocated through the backing to a desired penetration depth, and will present a desired set or group of yarns to a series of pattern pixels or stitch areas. A series of level cut loop loopers or hooks will be aligned with and will engage the needles in order to form tufts of yarns in the backing material. Clips of the level cut loop loopers will be selectively controlled to control the retention of selected ones of the yarns presented at each pattern pixel. The remaining, non-selected yarns generally are not retained at the pattern pixels, and can be formed as lower pile tufts or removed from the backing material. 1. A method of forming tufted articles , comprising:feeding a backing along a path of travel;reciprocating a series of needles into the backing as the backing moves therebeneath, wherein the needles are arranged in needle groups and are threaded with at least two different colors of yarns;shifting at least some of the needles transversely across the backing to present a series of yarns carried by the needles to a plurality of stitch areas defined across the backing;selectively activating clips of a series of level cut loop loopers in accordance with an LCL pattern profile to enable pick-up of selected yarns of the series of yarns presented at each stitch area and forming tufts of the selected yarns at each stitch area defined across the backing; andcontrolling feeding of the yarns presented to each of the stitch areas to form the tufts of the selected yarns with a desired pile height and to selectively pull back non-selected yarns below the tufts of the selected yarns and to a pile ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FIBROUS YARN

Disclosed is a method for the manufacture of fibrous yarn including the steps, where an aqueous suspension including fibers and at least one rheology modifier is provided, followed by directing the suspension through at least one nozzle, to form at least one yarn, and then dewatering the yarn. 1. A method for producing a fibrous yarn , the method comprising:creating an aqueous suspension comprising virgin plant-based fibers and water; (1) increasing strength of the gel, such that the moist fibrous yarn maintains form during dewatering, by exposing the rheology modifier to an aqueous solution comprising a cation; and', '(2) shear thinning the aqueous suspension by adding, in the aqueous suspension, a dispersion agent configured to modify suspension rheology, wherein the dispersion agent is an anionic long chained polymer;, 'generating a moist fibrous yarn in gel form by crosslinking the aqueous suspension using a rheology modifier, wherein the generating further comprisesdewatering the moist fibrous yarn to a target water concentration, to produce the fibrous yarn.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein dewatering the moist fibrous yarn to produce the fibrous yarn further comprises:drying the moist fibrous yarn using heated vacuum cylindrical drums; andremoving the fibrous yarn from the heated vacuum cylindrical drums when the target water concentration is reached.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:collecting water released during dewatering; andreusing the collected water in a subsequent aqueous suspension to produce an additional fibrous yarn.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cation is selected from a group consisting of Ca2+ claim 1 , Mg2+ claim 1 , Sr2+ and Ba2+.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rheology modifier is selected from: alginic acid claim 1 , sodium alginate claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , carrageenan claim 1 , and nanofibrillar cellulose.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous suspension is directed through at least one nozzle.7. The ...

CONTAINER AND USE THEREOF

The present disclosure relates to a container with an encasement, the encasement surrounding a filling, whereby the encasement is made of a yarn, the yarn comprising a core and a sheath surrounding this at least in part, where the core comprises a mineral fibre extending in the longitudinal direction of the yarn. According to the present disclosure, it is provided for the sheath to comprise at least one biodegradable sheath fibre, whereby the mineral fibre is encased, at least in certain regions, by the at least one biodegradable sheath fibre. 1. A container comprisingan encasement, the encasement enclosing a filling, the encasement being made of a yarn, the yarn comprising a core and a sheath surrounding the core, at least in part, the core comprising a mineral fibre extending in the longitudinal direction of the yarn,wherein the sheath comprises at least one biodegradable sheath fibre, the mineral fibre being encased at least in part by the at least one biodegradable sheath fibre.2. The container of claim 1 , wherein the mineral fibre of the core and/or the biodegradable sheath fibre of the sheath are uncoated or the yarn and/or the encasement comprise a biodegradable coating claim 1 , preferably made of natural latex claim 1 , natural rubber claim 1 , wollastonite claim 1 , a compostable polymer or mixtures thereof.3. The container of claim 1 , wherein the mineral fibre of the core is a basalt fibre claim 1 , a glass fibre claim 1 , a carbon fibre or comprises mixtures thereof.4. The container of claim 1 , wherein the mineral fibre of the core is a continuous filament extending in the longitudinal direction.5. The container of claim 1 , wherein the biodegradable sheath fibre completely encloses the mineral fibre in the longitudinal direction and in the peripheral direction.6. The container of claim 1 , wherein between the biodegradable sheath fibre and the mineral fibre no substance to substance bond is formed and/or the biodegradable sheath fibre lies on the ...

WOVEN FABRIC WITH COMPARABLE TENSILE STRENGTH IN WARP AND WEFT DIRECTIONS

A woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction, comprises weft yarns woven in the weft direction and warp yarns woven in the warp direction interweaving the weft yarns to form a fabric having comparable modulus; the warp yarns comprising a high modulus monofilament yarn having a tenacity of at least 0.75 g/denier at 1% strain, at least 1.5 g/denier at 2% strain, and at least 3.75 g/denier at 5% strain as determined in accordance with ASTM International Standard 4595. 1. A woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction , comprising:weft yarns woven in the weft direction and warp yarns woven in the warp direction interweaving the weft yarns in a plain weave pattern or a twill weave pattern; anda repeating pattern of at least one first weft yarn disposed in a first shed and at least one second weft yarn in a second shed, the at least one first weft yarn and the at least one second weft yarn being different, and the second shed being taller than the first shed;{'sup': '2', 'wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has an apparent opening size (AOS) of at least 30 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4751 and a water flow rate of at least 75 gpm/ftas measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4491; and'}wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has a tensile strength of at least 100 lb/in at 2% strain in both the warp and weft directions as respectively measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4595.2. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn or the at least one second weft yarn is a monofilament yarn.3. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 2 , wherein the monofilament yarn has a round cross-sectional shape.4. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 2 , wherein the monofilament yarn has a non-round cross-sectional shape.5. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn or the at least one second ...

Artificial turfs and method of making the same

Method and apparatus for weaving tape-like warp and weft and material thereof

A novel method of weaving is described wherein warp and weft are supplied in the form of tapes, and not yarns. The method, which is preferably carried out in vertical format, essentially includes feeding positively flat tensionless warp for shedding and taking-up; selecting, feeding positively and inserting weft tapes of different widths and thickness by gripping in its fore end in flat condition; depositing inserted weft at fabric-fell in a flat condition without beating-up; and taking-up the woven material that comprises either same or different widths of flat wefts. The warps and wefts, preferably of partially stabilized type of fibrous tapes, can be overfed in a tensionless, positive and controlled manner when required to make the fibres of constituent fibrous tapes occur non-linearly in the form of wave/texture during weaving. Extra warps and wefts can be also fed in tandem whereby the warps and wefts become composed of two or more unconnected, mutually slipping, flat tapes in a stacked arrangement. These doubled warp and wefts function effectively as a unit warp and weft during weaving and in the fabric. The method also makes possible to produce other materials such as those with slant weft tapes in relation to warp, having a shape within the body of the fabric and warp and weft tapes of shaped edges. A variety of fibrous and non-fibrous materials are equally well processed.

Breathable films and articles incorporating same

Breathable films formed from polyethylene are provided that can have desirable properties. In one aspect, a breathable film comprises a layer formed from a composition comprising a first composition, wherein the first composition comprises at least one ethylene-based polymer and wherein the first composition comprises a MWCDI value greater than 0.9, and a melt index ratio (I10/I2) that meets the following equation: I10/I2 ≥7.0 - 1.2 x log (I2).

Artificial turfs and method of making the same

The present disclosure provides a linear low density polyethylene composition, tapes, fibers and filaments, artificial turfs, and method of making the same. The linear low density polyethylene composition according to the present disclosure exhibits each of the following properties: (1) a CEF fraction from 70 to 90 °C of equal to or greater than 80% of the total CEF fractions; (2) a melt index, I 2 , measured according to ASTM D 1238 (2.16 kg @ 190°C), in the range of equal to or greater than 2.0 g/10 min and equal to or less than 5.0 g/10 min; and (3) a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of equal to or less than 6.7.

Filamento de césped artificial, césped artificial y su manufactura

La presente invención se refiere a filamentos de césped artificial formados a partir de polietileno, que tienen propiedades deseables. En un aspecto, el filamento de césped artificial comprende una composición que contiene una primera composición, en donde la primera composición comprende al menos un polímero basado en etileno y en donde la primera composición comprende un valor de IDCPMP mayor de 0.9, y una relación de índice de fluidez (I10/I2) que cumple con la siguiente ecuación: I10/I2 ≥ 7.0 - 1.2 x log (I2).

Artificial turf filament and articles incorporating same

Artificial turf filaments formed from polyethylene are provided that can have desirable properties. In one aspect, an artificial turf filament comprises a composition comprising a first composition, wherein the first composition comprises at least one ethylene-based polymer and wherein the first composition comprises a MWCDI value greater than 0.9, and a melt index ratio (I10/I2) that meets the following equation: I10/I2≥7.0−1.2×log (I2).

Ethylene-based polymer composition for films with improved toughness

The invention provides a composition comprising a first composition, comprising at least one ethylene-based polymer, and wherein the first composition comprises a MWCDI value greater than 0.9, and a melt index ratio I10/I2 that meets the following equation: I10/I2 ≥ 7.0 - 1.2 x log (I2). The invention also provides a process to form a composition comprising at least two ethylene-based polymers, said process comprising the following: polymerizing ethylene, and optionally at least one comonomer, in solution, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand complex of Structure I, as described herein, to form a first ethylene-based polymer; and polymerizing ethylene, and optionally at least one comonomer, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Ziegler/Natta catalyst, to form a second ethylene-based polymer.

Artificial turfs and method of making the same

The present disclosure provides a linear low density polyethylene composition, tapes, fibers and filaments, artificial turfs, and method of making the same. The linear low density polyethylene composition according to the present disclosure exhibits each of the following properties: (1) a CEF fraction from 70 to 90 °C of equal to or greater than 80% of the total CEF fractions; (2) a melt index, I 2 , measured according to ASTM D 1238 (2.16 kg @190°C), in the range of equal to or greater than 2.0 g/10 min and equal to or less than 5.0 g/10 min; and (3) a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of equal to or less than 6.7.

Artificial turfs and method of making the same

The present disclosure provides a linear low density polyethylene composition, tapes, fibers and filaments, artificial turfs, and method of making the same. The linear low density polyethylene composition according to the present disclosure exhibits each of the following properties: (1) a CEF fraction from 70 to 90° C. of equal to or greater than 80% of the total CEF fractions; (2) a melt index, I 2 , measured according to ASTM D 1238 (2.16 kg @190° C.), in the range of equal to or greater than 2.0 g/10 min and equal to or less than 5.0 g/10 min; and (3) a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of equal to or less than 6.7.

Selectively permeable ethylene copolymer compositions

Disclosed is a selectively permeable protective structure, a method for providing personal protection from exposure to harmful chemical and biological agents using an article that provides a barrier to such agents and a method for limiting damage to the article due to corrosion or mold growth, comprising wrapping or covering the article in the selectively permeable protective structure. The selectively permeable structure comprises a membrane comprising a copolymer comprising copolymerized units of ethylene and copolymerized units of a comonomer providing an amine-reactive site combined with a short chain polymer having from about 5 to 50 repeat units and containing one primary amine active amine site, having a moisture vapor permeation value of at least 200 g-mil/m2/24 h and barrier to liquid water, and optionally a supporting substrate.

一种生产包括多个薄片的矿棉产品以及此类产品的方法

本发明涉及一种方法和包含多个薄片的矿棉产品诸如夹心面板芯，所述产品包括—从矿棉幅材切割下来并且通过在两个相邻薄片的所述表面上施加粘合剂而粘结在一起以形成幅材状产品的多个薄片，其中所述粘合剂包含至少一种水胶体。

PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER

A permeable reactive barrier having two or more layers of a geotextile fabric inoculated with a bioremediation microbe is provided. The permeable reactive barrier further includes two or more layers of coarse-grained geological material separating the two or more layers of geotextile fabric such that any pair of adjacent layers of geotextile fabric is separated by a layer of coarse-grained geological material. The permeable reactive barrier includes a perforated metal casing surrounding and containing the layers of coarse-grained geological materials and geotextile fabric. 1. A permeable reactive barrier , comprising:two or more layers of a geotextile fabric inoculated with a bioremediation microbe;two or more layers of coarse-grained geological material separating the two or more layers of geotextile fabric such that any pair of adjacent layers of geotextile fabric is separated by a layer of coarse-grained geological material; anda perforated metal casing,wherein the perforated metal casing surrounds and contains the layers of coarse-grained geological materials and geotextile fabric.2. The permeable reactive barrier of claim 1 , wherein the geotextile fabric is a nonwoven geotextile fabric having a thickness of 0.9 to 2.5 mm at 2 kPa.3. The permeable reactive barrier of claim 1 , wherein the geotextile fabric is a nonwoven geotextile fabric having a mean apparent opening size of 75 to 125 μm and a water permeability of 50 to 150 mm/sec.4. The permeable reactive barrier of claim 1 , wherein the geotextile fabric is a nonwoven geotextile fabric comprising fibers of at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate claim 1 , keratin claim 1 , polylactic acid and cellulose.5. The permeable reactive barrier of claim 4 , comprising at least one layer of nonwoven geotextile fabric comprising polypropylene fibers and at least one layer of nonwoven geotextile fabric comprising polyethylene ...

Method and apparatus for weaving tape-like warp and weft and material thereof

A novel method of weaving is described wherein warp and weft are supplied in the form of tapes, and not yarns. The method, which is preferably carried out in vertical format, essentially includes feeding positively flat tensionless warp for shedding and taking-up; selecting, feeding positively and inserting weft tapes of different widths and thickness by gripping in its fore end in flat condition; depositing inserted weft at fabric-fell in a flat condition without beating-up; and taking-up the woven material that comprises either same or different widths of flat wefts. The warps and wefts, preferably of partially stabilized type of fibrous tapes, can be overfed in a tensionless, positive and controlled manner when required to make the fibres of constituent fibrous tapes occur non-linearly in the form of wave/texture during weaving. Extra warps and wefts can be also fed in tandem whereby the warps and wefts become composed of two or more unconnected, mutually slipping, flat tapes in a stacked arrangement. These doubled warp and wefts function effectively as a unit warp and weft during weaving and in the fabric. The method also makes possible to produce other materials such as those with slant weft tapes in relation to warp, having a shape within the body of the fabric and warp and weft tapes of shaped edges. A variety of fibrous and non-fibrous materials are equally well processed.