СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу производства целлюлозы. Cпособ включает, по меньшей мере, следующие стадии: а) древесную щепу или другой измельченный лигноцеллюлозный волокнистый материал обрабатывают полисульфидсодержащим варочным щелоком на этапе пропитки при температуре в диапазоне 90–145°С, и b) суспензию волокнистого материала со стадии а) нагревают до температуры варки и подвергают варке для производства волокнистой массы, характеризующейся перманганатным числом в диапазоне 10–120, при этом после стадии а) в суспензию волокнистого материала добавляют ионы меркаптида и волокнистый материал подвергают обработке при температуре варки на стадии b). 15 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 2 табл.

СПОСОБ ОЧИЩЕНИЯ ЛИГНИНА

Изобретение направлено на способ получения очищенной соли лигнина из щелочного отработанного щелока от химической варки лигноцеллюлозных сырьевых материалов. Способ включает стадии уменьшения значения рН отработанного щелока с формированием суспензии осажденного лигнина, фильтрования осажденного лигнина с формированием фильтровального осадка, содержащего лигнин, и фильтрата, примешивания фильтровального осадка, содержащего лигнин, к разбавляющей жидкости для формирования коллоида агломерата щелочного лигнина, проведения для коллоида агломерата щелочного лигнина крупнопористого мембранного фильтрования, и извлечения концентрата очищенной соли лигнина. Изобретение позволяет избежать использования мелкопористых ультрафильтрационных мембран и всех связанных с ними затруднений, отделить относительно чистый лигниновый продукт в результате удерживания агломератов лигнина на крупнопористой мембране и допущения прохождения насквозь низкомолекулярных органических и неорганических компонентов и тем ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГИДРОКСИДА НАТРИЯ ИЗ ЖИДКИХ ОТХОДОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВОЛОКНИСТОЙ МАССЫ

Предложен способ получения гидроксида натрия из жидких отходов производства волокнистой массы, где поток указанных отходов содержит органические отходы и связанный с ними натрий. Согласно указанному способу жидкие отходы концентрируют и сжигают в окислительной среде с разложением органических отходов и соединений натрия. При этом перед сжиганием в жидкие отходы вводят борат или соединение, которое образует борат. После чего соединения натрия подвергают реакции автокаустификации, при этом боратсодержащие органические жидкие отходы подвергают двухстадийной обработке сжиганием, где на первой стадии сжигание происходит в окислительной среде и при температуре выше 1000 °С, после чего дымовые газы, образовавшиеся во время сжигания, быстро охлаждают до температуры ниже 600 °С с обеспечением сублимирования соединений натрия из их газообразной фазы непосредственно в твердую фазу. Остаточные продукты сгорания содержат золу, образующуюся при сжигании жидких отходов, которую извлекают и растворяют ...

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЛИГНИНА

Изобретение относится к способу и системе для отделения лигнина от лигнинсодержащей жидкостной среды, такой как черный щелочной раствор, получаемый на предприятии переработки целлюлозы, и к обработке отделенного лигнина. Способ отделения лигнина от лигнинсодержащей жидкостной среды, такой как жидкость, получаемая в способе переработки биомассы, например, из черного щелочного раствора, получаемого на предприятии переработки целлюлозы, и обработки отделенного лигнина, включает: осаждение лигнина из лигнинсодержащей жидкостной среды, последующее подвергание лигнина гидротермальной карбонизации во влажном состоянии, и извлечение углеродсодержащего материала, полученного из лигнина в результате проведения карбонизации после осуществления гидротермальной карбонизации, причем способ дополнительно включает: регулирование размера частиц углеродсодержащего материала путем доведения величины pH лигнина во влажном состоянии перед проведением гидротермальной карбонизации до величины, превышающей 7, ...

СПОСОБ КАУСТИФИКАЦИИ ЗЕЛЕНОГО ЩЕЛОКА

Способ каустификации зеленого щелока в сульфатном или крафт-процессе производства целлюлозы, при котором зеленый щелок, состоящий из водного раствора карбоната натрия в качестве основного компонента и сульфида натрия, в аппарате для гашения извести смешивается с оксидом кальция и в каустификаторе (10) подвергается превращению в водную суспензию, содержащую гидроксид натрия и карбонат кальция в качестве основных компонентов, причем эта суспензия отфильтровывается на первом фильтре (19) и затем от двух до трех раз после разбавления водой в разбавительном резервуаре (21, 25) с целью отделения суспендированных в ней твердых веществ направляется через дополнительные фильтры (22, 26) и фильтруется, согласно изобретению в водную суспензию после первого отделения карбоната кальция в качестве основного компонента и оксида кальция в качестве побочного компонента по меньшей мере во время разбавления в разбавительном резервуаре (18, 21, 25) и, в частности, в этом разбавительном резервуаре или резервуарах ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКИХ ПОТОКОВ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО ЗАВОДА

Изобретение относится к способу обработки жидких потоков на целлюлозном заводе. Устройство включает процесс варки для получения целлюлозной массы; по меньшей мере одну стадию промывки для промывки указанной целлюлозной массы; по меньшей мере одну стадию отбеливания для отбеливания промытой целлюлозной массы; установку обработки сточной воды, включающую по меньшей мере одну стадию очистки, для очистки стоков; и установку водоподготовки, включающую по меньшей мере одну стадию очистки; а способ включает направление жидкого потока, содержащего часть очищенных стоков, поступающих из установки обработки сточных вод, и/или часть технологических вод, на указанную по меньшей мере одну стадию очистки установки водоподготовки, для очистки жидкого потока в указанном по меньшей мере одном блоке очистки установки водоподготовки, для получения пригодной для повторного использования воды; и использование указанной пригодной для повторного использования воды в качестве технологической воды по меньшей мере ...

Способ регенерации натриевых солей из раствора черного щелока при производстве сульфатной целлюлозы

Изобретение относится к области производства целлюлозы. Достигаемый технический результат предлагаемого изобретения заключается в получении дополнительного продукта (сульфата калия) при снижении коррозионной активности раствора путем введения гидроксида натрия, при одновременном улучшении процесса варки и качества целлюлозы за счет повышения сульфидности белого щелока 55-85%, тем самым осуществляется диверсификация производства при сохранении качества варки целлюлозы. Поставленная задача достигается тем, что нейтрализацию раствора после выделения органических соединений осуществляют гидроксидом натрия, направляемым со стадии абсорбции щелочного раствора, а после второй ступени выпаривания вводят гидроксид калия при соотношении NaOH:KOH 1:4, с получением готового продукта сульфата калия, причем щелочной раствор абсорбируют сероводородом, подаваемым со стадии подкисления черного щелока с получением белого щелока при сульфидности 55-85%. 3 пр.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКИХ ПОТОКОВ НА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОМ ЗАВОДЕ

... 1. Способ обработки жидких потоков на целлюлозном заводе, при котором устройство включает:процесс варки для получения целлюлозной массы,по меньшей мере одну стадию промывки для промывки целлюлозной массы,по меньшей мере одну стадию отбелки для отбелки целлюлозной массы,установку (40) обработки сточных вод,установку (30) водоподготовки, иблок (50) подготовки древесины,где способ включает:разделение технологических вод с низким содержанием хлоридов по меньшей мере на два потока в соответствии с их ХПК (химическое потребление кислорода),направление по меньшей мере части технологических вод с низким содержанием хлоридов на целлюлозный завод, чтобы повторно использовать в качестве технологической воды.2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что указанный способ включает: направление технологической воды с низким содержанием хлоридов и с более высоким ХПК на дополнительную очистительную обработку.3. Способ по п. 2, отличающийся тем, что в технологической воде с низким содержанием хлоридов и с более ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКИХ ПОТОКОВ НА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОМ ЗАВОДЕ

... 1. Способ обработки жидких потоков на целлюлозном заводе, в котором устройство включает:- блок (10) подготовки древесины,- блок (20) получения небеленой целлюлозы, в котором осуществляют стадии варки, промывки, сортировки и кислородной делигнификации для получения целлюлозной массы,- блок (30) отбеливания для отбеливания полученной целлюлозной массы,- блок (60) химической регенерации,- пресспат (80),- регенерационный котел (70), генерирующий продувочную воду котла,- выпарную установку (40), генерирующую конденсаты,- установку (50) обработки сточных вод и- установку водоподготовки;где способ включает направление воды из по меньшей мере одного из следующих источников:- фильтратов EOP-отбеливания (щелочной экстракции с использованием кислорода и пероксида) из блока (30) отбеливания,- воды из второго отстойника установки (50) обработки сточных вод, на по меньшей мере одну из следующих стадий:- на подготовку древесины в блоке (10) подготовки древесины,- в качестве воды для орошения гравитационного ...

Переработка черных щелоков в производстве целлюлозы

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНО-БУМАЖНЫХ КОМБИНАТОВ

... 1. Способ обогащения или выделения целевого соединения из сточных вод целлюлозно-бумажного комбината, при этом способ предусматривает следующие стадии:- получение конденсата из выпарного аппарата или ретентата процесса обратного осмоса (RO) конденсатов на целлюлозно-бумажном комбинате, или обоих, при этом конденсат, ретентат или оба из них по существу не содержат высокомолекулярную целлюлозу и/или лигнин, и/или происходящие из лигнина материалы,- экстрагирование конденсата органическим растворителем методом твердофазной экстракции (SPE), экстракции в системе жидкость-жидкость или твердое тело-жидкость с получением экстракта, содержащего указанные целевые соединения, и- необязательно очистка целевого соединения из экстракта путем термического фракционирования, хроматографического разделения (такого как нормально-фазовое, обращенно-фазовое, афинное или их комбинации), рекристаллизации, ионного обмена, хелатирования, адсорбции/десорбции, лиофилизации и сублимации или их комбинаций.2. Способ ...

ПРОТОЧНОЕ СИТО С ПРОФИЛИРОВАННЫМИ ПРОСЕИВАЮЩИМИ ЩЕЛЯМИ

... 1. Сепаратор жидкости для отвода жидкости из движущегося потока жидкой массы черного щелока, содержащий:цилиндрический корпус, имеющий входной канал, расположенный проксимально к первому концу цилиндрического корпуса, первый выходной канал, расположенный проксимально ко второму концу цилиндрического корпуса, второй выходной канал, расположенный проксимально к первому концу цилиндрического корпуса, а также внутреннюю камеру, расположенную между входным каналом и первым выходным каналом, при этом внутренняя камера продолжается вдоль оси цилиндрического корпуса;фильтрующую корзину, установленную во внутренней камере цилиндрического корпуса, при этом фильтрующая корзина образована пластиной, имеющей боковые кромки, которые соединены для образования проточной камеры для потока жидкой массы черного щелока, при этом входной канал и первый выходной канал цилиндрического корпуса сообщаются по текучей среде с проточной камерой для потока жидкой массы черного щелока;камеру для сбора жидкости, образованную ...

Verfahren zur Verwertung des Kondensats des Heizdampfes von mittelbar beheizten Sulfitcellulosekochern

ZELLSTOFFKOCHEN MIT HOHER SULFIDITAET, DURCH SULFONIERUNG VON GEDAEMPFTEN HOLZSPAENEN MIT SCHWARZLAUGE.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Grünlauge

Process and apparatus for conversion of biomass.

Process and apparatus for conversion of biomass

Verfahren zur Kaustifizierung von Grünlauge

In a process for recausticizing green liquor in a sulphate or craft process for wood pulp production, in which a green liquor consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate as main component and sodium sulphide is admixed in a slaker with calcium oxide and is subjected to a reaction in a recausticizer (10) to give an aqueous suspension containing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as main components, which suspension is filtered off on a first filter (19) and subsequently passed over further filters (22, 26) two or three times after dilution with water in a dilution vessel (21, 25) and filtered for separating off solids suspended therein, characterized in that, after a first separation of calcium carbonate as main component and calcium oxide as minor component, at least during a dilution in a dilution vessel (18, 21, 25), and in particular in the dilution vessel(s) (21, 25), carbon dioxide is added upstream of a second and/or a third filter (22, 26) to the aqueous suspension.

Process for the separation of hemicelluloses from biomass digestion process water or spent liquor

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Hemizellulosen aus Biomasse-Aufschlussprozesswasser oder verbrauchten Laugen, mit Abscheidung der gelösten Feststoffe, Aufkonzentration des Produkts und Reinigung des Produkts durch Abscheidung der anorganischen Salze und Substanzen mit geringem Molekulargewicht. Sie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bedingungen des Hemizellulose-Abscheidungsprozesses bei einzelnen Trenn- /Reinigungsstufen getrennt eingestellt werden, beispielsweise durch Einstellung des pH-Werts. Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Anlage für die Durchführung des Prozesses. Mit einem derartigen Verfahren und einer derartigen Anlage ist es möglich, einen Großteil der gelösten Feststoffe - insbesondere Xylan und andere Hemizellulosen - zurückzugewinnen.

Process for the separation of hemicelluloses from biomass digestion process water or spent liquor

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Hemizellulosen aus Biomasse-Aufschlussprozesswasser oder verbrauchten Laugen, mit Abscheidung der gelösten Feststoffe, Aufkonzentration des Produkts und Reinigung des Produkts durch Abscheidung der anorganischen Salze und Substanzen mit geringem Molekulargewicht. Sie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bedingungen des Hemizellulose-Abscheidungsprozesses bei einzelnen Trenn- /Reinigungsstufen durch Einstellung des pH-Werts getrennt eingestellt werden. Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Anlage für die Durchführung des Prozesses. Mit einem derartigen Verfahren und einer derartigen Anlage ist es möglich, einen Großteil der gelösten Feststoffe - insbesondere Xylan und andere Hemizellulosen - zurückzugewinnen.

REDUCTION OF THE HALOGENIERTEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE BLEACH PLANT WASTE WATER.

PROCEDURE FOR THE SOLVENT CONSTANT EXPLANATION

PROCEDURE FOR THE RECOVERY OF FORMIC ACID

REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUOR

A method of feeding a sealing medium into a liquor filter and a liquor filter

A method and a liquor filter, in which liquor filter sealing medium is fed via a sealing medium channel (3) into an innermost sealing zone formed by an innermost sealing member (1), an outer seal (2) and the space between them at a causticizing plant of a chemical pulp mill. The sealing medium used is an alkaline sealing liquid and/or gas, which does not substantially dilute the liquor being filtered. Advantageously the sealing medium is filtrate from the liquor filter and/or gas taken from the interior of the liquor filter.

Continuous solvent pulping and washing processes and apparatus

METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSE PULP OF WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

An object of the present invention is a method of and an apparatus for processing cellulose pulp of wood processing industry. Especially, objects of the method and assembly of the invention are, on one hand, the use a pressure diffuser for washing the pulp before an oxygen stage and, on the other hand, the separation of soap, gas and/or other light materials from filtrates and from black liquor of a cellulose mill in a pressurized device, as well as the new process connections enabled by the method. Preferably, the method and assembly of the invention are suitable for processing filtrates from brown stock washing and bleaching as well as black liquors from a digesting department and an evaporation plant. As an especially preferred use may be mentioned the filtrate of the washing department pumped to the digesting department of a sulfate cellulose mill as well as the black liquor taken from the digesting department to an evaporation plant.

PROCESS FOR RECAUSTICIZING GREEN LIQUOR

A process for recausticizing green liquor in a sulphate or Kraft process for wood pulp production, in which a green liquor consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate as the major component and sodium sulphide is admixed with calcium oxide in a slaker and undergoes a reaction in a recausticizer (10) to form an aqueous suspension containing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as the major components, which suspension is filtered on a first filter (19) and subsequently, after dilution with water in a dilution vessel (21, 25), is fed over further filters (22, 26) two or three times and filtered to separate solids suspended therein, characterized in that after a first separation of calcium carbonate as the major component and calcium oxide as the minor component, carbon dioxide is added to the aqueous suspension at least during dilution in a dilution vessel (18, 21, 25) and in particular in the dilution vessel(s) (21, 25) upstream of a second and/or a third filter (22, 26).

PROCESS FOR REFINING CHEMICALS FROM PULP AND PAPER MILL WASTEWATERS

A process for isolating at least one target compound, such as manool, geranyl linalool, ethyl guaiacol, eugenol, veratraldehyde, squalene, terpin, cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, stigmastenol and dehydroabietic acid, from biomass, the process including steps of: obtaining a condensate from a recovery evaporator, a reverse osmosis retentate of a condensate of a pulp and paper mill, or both, the condensate, retentate or both being substantially free of higher molecular weight (approximately >1000 Da) cellulose and/or lignin and/or lignin-derived material; optionally pH adjusting and filtering the condensate to collect insoluble material; extracting the condensate, the collected insoluble material, or both, with solid phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction or solid-liquid extraction to produce an extract containing the at least one target compound; and optionally purifying the extract containing the at least one target compound by thermal fractionation, chromatographic ...

FLASH TANK WITH FLARED INLET INSERT AND METHOD FOR INTRODUCING FLOW INTO A FLASH TANK

A flash tank including: an interior chamber having a interior surface formed by a sidewall of the flash tank; a vapor exhaust port coupled to an upper portion of the chamber; a liquid discharge port coupled to a lower portion of the chamber; an insert inlet tube having an insert outlet and inserted into an inlet port of the chamber, wherein the insert inlet tube extends inward of the sidewall and the insert outlet has an elongated cross-sectional shape oriented substantially parallel to a center vertical axis of the flash tank and substantially perpendicular to a radial line of the flash tank, such that the insert outlet is substantially tangential to the sidewall.

THE PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND RECIRCULATION COMPOUNDS, CONTAINED IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE PROCESSES BLEACHING AND DELIGNIFICATION ON CELLULOSE PLANTS

Process for treating hardwood black liquor and hardwood black liquor treated according to the process

A REHEATING DEVICE CONTINUOUSLY AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USED IN INSTALLATIONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP.

Dispositif de réchauffage en continu des solutions aqueuses utilisées dans les installations de fabrication des pâtes à papier.

Ce dispositif comprend: - une enceinte (10, 30) définissant un volume fermé relié au circuit de l'installation par une conduite d'entrée (34) recevant de ce circuit la solution à réchauffer et par une conduite de sortie délivrant au circuit la solution réchauffée, - au moins une paire d'électrodes (20, 20'), disposées en deux emplacements opposés de l'enceinte et présentant au moins une surface (21) en contact avec la solution introduite dans l'enceinte, et - des moyens pour appliquer une tension aux bornes de cette paire d'électrodes, de manière à provoquer dans la solution le passage par conduction ionique d'un courant produisant par effet Joule le réchauffement de cette solution dans la masse.

Improvements brought to the processes to recover caustic soda and other alkaline salts out of the waste liquids resulting from the manufacture of cellulose

Improvements brought to the processes to recover caustic soda and other alkaline salts out of the waste liquids resulting from the manufacture of cellulose

method and apparatus for treating lime mud slurry being generated in a process [...]

METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR TREATMENT OF BLACK LIQUOR AT PULP MILL

Sistema y metodo de deteccion de emision acustica para predecir explosiones en un tanque de disolucion

UN SISTEMA PARA PREDECIR UNA AFLUENCIA DE FUNDICIÓN EN UN TANQUE DE DISOLUCIÓN QUE COMPRENDE UN TANQUE DE DISOLUCIÓN ADYACENTE A UNA CALDERA DE RECUPERACIÓN, UN SURTIDOR DE FUNDICIÓN QUE TIENE UN PRIMER EXTREMO CERCA DE UNA CALDERA DE RECUPERACIÓN Y UN SEGUNDO EXTREMO OPUESTO AL PRIMER EXTREMO, EL CUAL SEGUNDO EXTREMO ESTÁ CERCA DE UN TANQUE DE DISOLUCIÓN, EN DONDE EL SURTIDOR DE FUNDICIÓN ESTÁ CONFIGURADO PARA RECIBIR UNA FUNDICIÓN DESDE LA CALDERA DE RECUPERACIÓN Y TRANSPORTAR LA FUNDICIÓN HACIA EL TANQUE DE DISOLUCIÓN; UN SENSOR DE EMISIÓN ACÚSTICA QUE TIENE UN EXTREMO DE LECTURA CONFIGURADO PARA DETECTAR EMISIONES ACÚSTICAS QUE EMANAN DE LA FUNDICIÓN QUE ENTRA EN CONTACTO CON UN LÍQUIDO EN EL TANQUE DE DISOLUCIÓN, Y EN DONDE EL SENSOR DE EMISIÓN ACÚSTICA TIENE UN TRANSDUCTOR EN COMUNICACIÓN DE SEÑAL CON EL EXTREMO DE LECTURA, Y EN DONDE EL TRANSDUCTOR ESTÁ CONFIGURADO PARA TRANSDUCIR LAS EMISIONES ACÚSTICAS A UNA SEÑAL ELÉCTRICA INICIAL; UN PREPROCESADOR CONFIGURADO PARA AMPLIFICAR, ...

Analysmetod för att mäta halten såpa i svartlut samt en analysbehållare

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE RENOVATION OF PROCESS WATER

Disclosed is a system for renovating process water, especially during the production of paper. Said system comprises at least one process water renovation unit, at least one of which is provided with an anaerobic reactor spiked with anaerobic microorganisms as well as a lime elimination unit. Also disclosed is a method for renovating process water, particularly during the production of paper, which encompasses at least one process water renovation step in which at least some of the process water continuously delivered to the process water renovation step is subjected to a purification step in an anaerobic reactor that is spiked with anaerobic microorganisms and to a deliming step.

METHOD OF DISSOLVING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

A solution containing lignocellulose material solvated in an ionic liquid that comprises anions and cations. The cation is selected from substituted phosphonium ions having Formula II, wherein P stands for a phosphonium ion and each R1, R2, R3, and R4 is independently selected from optionally substituted, linear or branched hydrocarbyl radicals which form a hydrophobic residue. The anions are derived from a Bronsted acid or mixture thereof. The present ionic liquids are capable of phase separation on mixing with water, which allows for separation of the cellulose from the solution and for recovery and recycling of the ionic liquid.

FLASH TANK WITH FLARED INLET INSERT AND METHOD FOR INTRODUCING FLOW INTO A FLASH TANK

A flash tank including: an interior chamber having a interior surface formed by a sidewall of the flash tank; a vapor exhaust port coupled to an upper portion of the chamber; a liquid discharge port coupled to a lower portion of the chamber; an insert inlet tube having an insert outlet and inserted into an inlet port of the chamber, wherein the insert inlet tube extends inward of the sidewall and the insert outlet has an elongated cross-sectional shape oriented substantially parallel to a center vertical axis of the flash tank and substantially perpendicular to a radial line of the flash tank, such that the insert outlet is substantially tangential to the sidewall.

PURIFICATION OF ALKALINE WASHING LIQUID

A recovery boiler plant and a method in a recovery boiler

A recovery boiler plant, which comprises a recovery boiler, wherein in the first part (1 a) flue gases travel in a first direction (F1). The furnace also comprises a second part (1 b), where the flue gases proceed in a second direction (F2), which second direction differs from the first direction (F1). In addition, the invention relates to a method in a recovery boiler.

METHOD AND PLANT FOR HANDLING A MIXTURE OF LIQUOR AND SOAP, AND A PLANT FOR CONVERSION OF FIBRE MATERIAL TO PULP

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МИКРОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения микроцеллюлозы, включающему: 1) гидролиз волокнистого целлюлозного материала минеральной кислотой при температуре в диапазоне от 100 до 185°C, при котором количество кислоты составляет от 0,2 до 10% от сухой массы целлюлозы или 2) подкисление волокнистого целлюлозного материала с последующим промыванием водой и гидролизом промытого целлюлозного материала при температуре в диапазоне от 100 до 185°C, с получением смеси микроцеллюлозы и гидролизата и последующим отделением микроцеллюлозы от гидролизата, причем смесь, или отделенный гидролизат, или отделенную микроцеллюлозу, при необходимости, нейтрализуют; где получение микроцеллюлозы интегрировано в производственный процесс целлюлозного завода так, что по меньшей мере часть серной кислоты, и/или бисульфата натрия, и/или бисульфита натрия, используемых для подкисления и/или кислотного гидролиза, и/или гидроксида натрия, карбоната натрия или бикарбоната натрия, используемых для нейтрализации, получают ...

АКУСТИКО-ЭМИССИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ВЗРЫВОВ В РЕЗЕРВУАРЕ ДЛЯ РАСТВОРЕНИЯ

Изобретение описывает систему для прогнозирования взрывов в резервуаре для растворения. Данная система включает в себя акустико-эмиссионные датчики, помещенные внутри или вокруг резервуара для растворения. Посредством фильтрования зарегистрированных частот до диапазона, который является наиболее чувствительным в отношении характерных признаков желаемых взрывов, становится возможным прогнозирование входящего потока расплава, прежде чем возникает входящий поток, а также программирование ответных действий в целях предотвращения угрожающих взрывов. 2 н. и 30 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УЛУЧШЕННОЙ БИОНЕФТИ ИЗ ЧЕРНОГО ЩЕЛОКА

Настоящее изобретение касается способа получения улучшенной нефти, производимой из черного щелока, который поступает из целлюлозной/бумажной промышленности. Описан способ получения улучшенной бионефти, производимой из черного щелока, включающий следующие этапы, на которых: обеспечивают черный щелок, который поступает из целлюлозной и бумажной промышленности; осуществляют пиролиз черного щелока с образованием газообразного продукта пиролиза черного щелока и твердой массы, которая содержит уголь и соли; выполняют каталитическую конверсию упомянутого газообразного продукта пиролиза черного щелока путем взаимодействия, по меньшей мере, части последнего с биметаллическим модифицированным цеолитным катализатором, который модифицирован первым металлом и вторым металлом, с образованием улучшенной бионефти, которая содержит бензол, толуол, ксилол (БТК), нафталин и продукты, не являющиеся БТК, где при этом указанный первый металл является переходным металлом, выбранным из группы IIВ периодической ...

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗУ ОСАДКОВ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОБЛИЦОВОЧНОГО КАРТОНА И ЭТАНОЛА ИЗ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способу обработки первичного осадка, который образуется на водоочистных сооружениях, таких как включенных в целлюлозный завод или целлюлозно-бумажный завод. Изобретение также относится к способу применения первичного осадка для получения этанола из целлюлозы и к применению обработанного первичного осадка для получения рециклового облицовочного картона. Способ получения первичного осадка включает стадию обработки выходного потока консервантом, представляющим собой композицию, содержащую бензалконийхлорид, гипохлорит натрия и окситетрациклин. Обеспечивается уменьшение биологического разложения целлюлозных волокон в первичном осадке, при этом не происходит уменьшение химического потребления кислорода на стадии вторичной обработки. 3 н. и 5 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 4 пр.

Приготовление белого щелока производства сульфатной целлюлозы

Предлагаемое изобретение относится к области производства целлюлозы и может быть использовано для регенерации щелоков из раствора черного щелока при производстве сульфатной целлюлозы. Достигаемый технический результат заключается в улучшении процесса варки и качества целлюлозы за счет повышения сульфидности, путем контроля реагентов при приготовлении белого щелока для варки технологической щепы, одновременном сокращении расхода реагентов при сохранении качества варки целлюлозы. Поставленная задача достигается тем, что в приготовление белого щелока производства сульфатной целлюлозы, включающего подкисление черного щелока серной кислотой с выделением органических соединений, содержащих лигнин, с последующей нейтрализацией полученного раствора щелочью, выпаривание раствора с получением твердой фазы готового продукта, сульфата калия и щелочного раствора, который абсорбируют сероводородом с получением белого щелока, направляемого на варку технологической щепы, причем маточный раствор после отделения ...

АКУСТИКО-ЭМИССИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ВЗРЫВОВ В РЕЗЕРВУАРЕ ДЛЯ РАСТВОРЕНИЯ

СПОСОБ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ МАТЕРИАЛА В СПОСОБЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ВАРКИ

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОГО ПРОМЫВОЧНОГО РАСТВОРА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЛИГНИНА

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЧЕРНОГО ЩЕЛОКА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

... 1. Способ обработки черного щелока целлюлозного производства для регенерации содержащихся в нем химических реагентов и энергии, отличающийся стадиями, в которых- вводят черный щелок в пиролитический реактор, включающий по существу не содержащую кислорода камеру,- подают в пиролитический реактор каустифицирующий материал, который состоит из оксида натрия (NaO) и оксида металла (MO) и который нагрет в топочном устройстве, в результате чего черный щелок подвергается газификации и образует газообразные компоненты и остаточное твердое вещество,- направляют газообразные компоненты, образовавшиеся в пиролитическом реакторе, на дальнейшую утилизацию,- транспортируют твердое вещество, образовавшееся в пиролитическом реакторе, в топочное устройство, где содержащееся в нем горючее вещество выгорает с помощью кислорода, содержащегося в воздухе, подводимом в топочное устройство, и остается каустифицирующий материал, состоящий из оксида натрия (NaO) и оксида металла (MO),- возвращают часть каустифицирующего ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГИДРОКСИДА НАТРИЯ ИЗ ЖИДКИХ ОТХОДОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВОЛОКНИСТОЙ МАССЫ

... 1. Способ получения гидроксида натрия из жидких отходов производства волокнистой массы, где поток указанных отходов содержит органические отходы и связанный с ними натрий, при этом согласно указанному способу:- жидкие отходы концентрируют,- концентрированные жидкие отходы сжигают в окислительной среде с целью разложения органических отходов и соединений натрия с получением остаточных продуктов сгорания, и- указанные остаточные продукты растворяют в воде с получением гидроксида натрия,характеризующийся комбинацией следующих стадий:- введение в жидкие отходы бората или соединения, которое образует борат, перед указанным сжиганием, и- проведение реакции автокаустификации указанных соединений натрия совместно с указанным боратом или указанным соединением, которое образует борат, при этом указанную реакцию проводят при температуре, при которой натрий испаряется.2. Способ по п.1, характеризующийся тем, что борат вводят в жидкие отходы путем непосредственного добавления его в поток сточных вод ...

СПОСОБ КАУСТИФИКАЦИИ ЗЕЛЕНОГО ЩЕЛОКА

PRODUCTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Verfahren zur Kaustifizierung von Grünlauge

In a process for recausticizing green liquor in a sulphate or craft process for wood pulp production, in which a green liquor consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate as main component and sodium sulphide is admixed in a slaker with calcium oxide and is subjected to a reaction in a recausticizer (10) to give an aqueous suspension containing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as main components, which suspension is filtered off on a first filter (19) and subsequently passed over further filters (22, 26) two or three times after dilution with water in a dilution vessel (21, 25) and filtered for separating off solids suspended therein, characterized in that, after a first separation of calcium carbonate as main component and calcium oxide as minor component, at least during a dilution in a dilution vessel (18, 21, 25), and in particular in the dilution vessel(s) (21, 25), carbon dioxide is added upstream of a second and/or a third filter (22, 26) to the aqueous suspension.

Method for purifying process water or wastewater containing wood resin

Process for refining chemicals from pulp and paper mill wastewaters

Process for recausticizing green liquor

In a process for recausticizing green liquor in a sulphate or craft process for wood pulp production, in which a green liquor consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate as main component and sodium sulphide is admixed in a slaker with calcium oxide and is subjected to a reaction in a recausticizer (10) to give an aqueous suspension containing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as main components, which suspension is filtered off on a first filter (19) and subsequently passed over further filters (22, 26) two or three times after dilution with water in a dilution vessel (21, 25) and filtered for separating off solids suspended therein, characterized in that, after a first separation of calcium carbonate as main component and calcium oxide as minor component, at least during a dilution in a dilution vessel (18, 21, 25), and in particular in the dilution vessel(s) (21, 25), carbon dioxide is added upstream of a second and/or a third filter (22, 26) to the aqueous suspension.

REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED SALTS FROM SULPHIDE LIQUORS

Sodium chloride is removed from Kraft mill smelts by fractionating the smelt to separate sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate in solid form from sodium sulphide and sodium chloride which usually is contaminated with residual quantities of sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate and is contained in an aqueous solution thereof. Sodium chloride subsequently is separated from the aqueous solution. Various fractionation procedures are described and various procedures for the removal of the sodium chloride in substantially pure form also are described.

EXTRACTION OF PHYTOSTEROLS FROM TALL OIL SOAP USING A SOLVENT SELECTED FROM DIBROMOMETHANE, BROMOFORM, TETRABROMOMETHANE OR A COMBINATION THEREOF

The present invention relates to extraction of phytosterolsfrom alkaline tall oil soap which is obtained from the Kraft process black liquor by skimming.In the method according to the present invention, phytosterols are extracted using dibromomethane, bromoform, tetrabromomethaneor a combination thereof.

METHOD FOR UTILIZING LIGNIN SEPARATED FROM BLACK LIQUOR AS LIME-KILN FUEL

The subject of the invention is a new method of utilizing lignin-containing material separated from spent kraft pulping liquor (black liquor) by (a) acidifying the liquor, or fraction thereof, to a pH not less than 7 thereby precipitating solid particles, (b) separating precipitated solid particles from the accompanying liquid and (c) subjecting material thus separated to a washing process exhibiting the following essential features: (i) separated material is washed with an aqueous medium or aqueous media in one or more steps, (ii) in each washing step, the washing medium contains, in a dissolved form, significant amounts of one or more added sodium salts, and (iii) the combined concentration of the added sodium salts in the washing medium in each washing step exceeds 3 % by weight, preferably exceeds 5 % by weight and most preferably exceeds 10 % by weight. Despite the relatively large amount of sodium left in the washed lignin-containing material, the material is, after possible partial ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING LIGNIN

The invention provides a method and a system for separating lignin from a lignin containing liquid medium, such as pulp mill black liquor, and treating the separated lignin. The method comprises at least the following steps: a) a precipitation stage (1), wherein a pH lowering agent (A) is added to the lignin containing slurry for precipitating lignin, b) followed by a first separation stage (2), wherein the precipitated lignin is separated as a lignin cake from the remaining liquid phase of the lignin containing slurry, c) a suspending stage (3), wherein the lignin cake is suspended for obtaining a lignin suspension, d) a hydrothermal carbonization stage (4), wherein the lignin suspension is treated for obtaining a slurry of carbon containing material, and e) a second separa- tion stage (5), wherein the carbon containing material is separated from the slurry. Fig.

ACOUSTIC EMISSION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREDICTING EXPLOSIONS IN DISSOLVING TANK

The present disclosure describes a system for predicting explosions in a dissolving tank. The system includes acoustic emission sensors placed in or around the dissolving tank. By filtering the recorded frequencies to the range which is most sensitive for desired explosions "fingerprints," it is possible to predict a smelt influx before the smelt influx occurs as well as program response actions to prevent compromising explosions.

FLASH TANK WITH ADJUSTABLE INLET AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING INLET FLOW TO A FLASH TANK

A flash tank including: a closed interior chamber; a gas exhaust port coupled to an upper portion of the chamber; a liquid discharge port coupled to a lower portion of the chamber; an inlet nozzle attached to an inlet port of the chamber, wherein the inlet nozzle includes a flow passage, and a movable valve plate in the flow passage, wherein the valve plate has a first position which defines a first throat in the flow passage and a second position which defines a second throat having a smaller cross-sectional area than the first throat.

METHOD FOR PURIFYING PROCESS WATER OR WASTEWATER CONTAINING WOOD RESIN

Wood-resin-containing process water or wastewater from the pulp industry is purified by adding, as flocculants, a high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide and a water-soluble, non-ionic cellulose ether, suitably having a flocculation temperature of The added amount per litre of water is preferably 2-20 mg of the high-mole-cular-weight polyethylene oxide and preferably 5-30 mg of the non-ionic cellulose ether.

Production of Sodium Hydroxide

METHOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF FORMIC ACID

The invention relates to a method for removing chemically bound formic acid from a material containing the same, in the presence of free formic acid. The method is characterized in that chemically bound formic acid is allowed to react to free formic acid at a normal pressure, at a temperature of less than 100 .degree.C, the initial content o f free formic acid being about 3 to 20 %. The reaction time is typically 0.5 to 4 hours. The material to be treated may be, for instance, material, obtained from a formic-acid-based pulp cooking process, containing cellulose and/or lignin.

Method for recovering pulping chemicals and reducing the concentration of potassium and chloride therein

Acoustic emission system and method for predicting explosions in dissolving tank

Method to remove hemicellutose from cellutosic fibres using a solution of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide

DEFOAMER EMULSION COMPOSITIONS FOR PULP MILL APPLICATIONS

An oil-in-water emulsion useful as a defoamer for pulp and paper mill applications is described. The defoamer has an oil blend (of a triglyceride oil or a mixture of triglyceride oils and silicone), a stabilizing agent (to make the oil blend stable in the emulsion), hydrophobic silica particles, surfactants, dispersants, and other components. The emulsion is usable directly at low concentrations to control foam.

PROCESS FOR TREATING PULP MILL CONDENSATES USING A HOLLOW FIBER CONTACTOR

A method and apparatus for the treatment of pulp mill condensates is described. A hollow fiber contactor, incorporating a hydrophobic membrane, was used to remove several undesirable compounds from pulp mill condensates. For example, TRS compounds and SO2 were efficiently stripped from kraft and sulphite mill evaporator condensates, respectively. Methanol was also removed from kraft mill condensates but at a lower efficiency than TRS. Furthermore, other undesirable compounds found in condensates of pulp mills that contribute to the BOD and COD loading to effluent treatment systems were also removed. These contactors are cost effective since air, vacuum or a suitable solvent or scrubbing solution can be used as the stripping medium to drive off through the membrane several undesirable compounds from the feed solution. The undesirable compounds removed can thus be burned in the recovery boiler, lime kiln or a dedicated boiler.

PURIFICATION OF ALKALINE WASHING LIQUID

A method for washing sulphate cellulose pulp in the washing department of a sulphate cellulose mill, in which method a first pulp flow (1) is conducted to a first washer (101), where a washing liquid (12) is combined with the first pulp flow (I). A second pulp flow (2) is conducted from the first washer (101) to a second washer (102), where a washing liquid (3) is combined with the second pulp flow (2). The washed pulp flow (5) is proceeded from the second washer (102) in the process and the filtrate (4) displaced by the washing liquid (3) is recycled to the process so that the filtrate (4) displaced by the washing liquid (3) in the second washer (102) is divided into a first part flow (6) and a second part flow (7) and the pH of the second part flow (7) is dropped by combining an acidifier (8) with the second part flow (7). The acidified part flow (9) is conducted to a process unit (103), where sludge (10) containing extractives and metals is separated from the part flow (9) and the entire ...

METHOD FOR TREATING LIQUID FLOWS AT A CHEMICAL PULP MILL

A method for treating liquid flows at a chemical pulp mill including at least an alkaline cooking process for producing pulp, treatment of brown stock generated in the cooking, a bleaching plant using ECF-bleaching, in which chloride-containing effluents are formed, an effluent purification plant for treating bleaching plant effluents and other effluents generated at the mill. At least a portion of the effluents is returned after the purification to the pulp production line as source of process water. More than one treatment line is arranged at the effluent purification plant for the mill effluents and effluents with different chemical compositions are purified in separate treatment lines so that the quality and amount of purified water from each treatment line is suitable for use in a stage or stages of the production process, whereto purified effluent is returned.

Process of producing sodium hydroxide from sodium sulphate in a pulp mill

Sodium hydroxide is formed from sodium sulphate by a three step operation comprising converting the sodium sulphate to sodium sulphide, converting the sodium sulphide to sodium bicarbonate, and converting the sodium bicarbonate to sodium hydroxide. The operations preferably are effected in conjunction with a bleached kraft pulp mill operation, so as to utilize by-product sodium sulphate from chlorine dioxide generation to produce useful sodium hydroxide as sulphur without co-producing chlorine.

METHOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF FORMIC ACID

The invention relates to a method for removing chemically bound formic acid from a material containing the same, in the presence of free formic acid. The method is characterized in that chemically bound formic acid is allowed to react to free formic acid at a normal pressure, at a temperature of less than 100 ·C, the initial content of free formic acid being about 3 to 20 %. The reaction time is typically 0.5 to 4 hours. The material to be treated may be, for instance, material, obtained from a formic-acid-based pulp cooking process, containing cellulose and/or lignin.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ, КОНТРОЛИРУЮЩИХ ПЕНООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Изобретение относится к получению и использованию композиций, контролирующих пенообразование, особенно в водных средах. Способ получения композиции, содержащей полиорганосилоксан, в котором диспергирован наполнитель с гидрофобной поверхностью, включает стадию (А) смешения тонко раздробленного наполнителя (i), полиорганосилоксана (ii), имеющего по меньшей мере два реакционно-способных заместителя, и полиорганосилоксана (iii), имеющего по меньшей мере три реакционно-способных заместителя, и стадию В) индуцирования реакции гидросилирования компонентов (ii) и (iii) в присутствии катализатора на основе переходного металла. При этом реакцию гидросилирования проводят до тех пор, пока реакционная смесь по меньшей мере частично не превратится в гель, и сдвигающие силы прилагают к данной по меньшей мере частично превратившейся в гель смеси. Реакционно-способные заместители в (ii) представляют собой алифатические ненасыщенные углеводородные группы, а в (iii) - связанные с кремнием атомы водорода, ...

СПОСОБ ПОДАЧИ УПЛОТНЯЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ В ФИЛЬТР ЩЕЛОКА И ФИЛЬТР ЩЕЛОКА

Рассматриваются способ и фильтр щелока.Способ подачи уплотняющей среды в уплотнение фильтра щелока в установке подщелачивания производства целлюлозы, в котором уплотнение выполнено с возможностью уплотнения вала фильтра, и в котором уплотнение содержит уплотнительную втулку, обеспеченную внутренней уплотняющей зоной, образованной внутренним уплотняющим элементом и наружным уплотняющим элементом и пространством между ними, к которой подведен первый канал уплотняющей среды для подачи уплотняющей среды. Согласно изобретению, используемой уплотняющей средой является щелочная жидкость, газ или их смесь, и щелочная жидкость или газ по существу не разбавляют содержание щелочи фильтруемого щелока, и утечка щелочесодержащей уплотняющей жидкости и/или газа из фильтра щелока предотвращают посредством наружной пары уплотнений. 2 н. и 12 з.п.ф-лы, 2 ил.

КИСЛОРОДНАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ВОДЫ И ПУЛЬПЫ ИЗ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БУМАГИ ИЛИ КАРТОНА

Способы обработки воды и пульпы, используемых в процессе производства бумаги или картона. Регулируя количество кислорода и питательных веществ в воде или пульпе, можно контролировать уровень активности бактерий и не только удалять жирные кислоты и неприятный запах, но и способствовать образованию СО, который действует в качестве буфера в процессе производства бумаги. Кроме того, снижение содержания жирных кислот может привести к увеличению рН технологической воды, что благоприятно сказывается на процессе производства бумаги или картона за счет снижения содержания кальция в воде. 3 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКИХ ПОТОКОВ НА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОМ ЗАВОДЕ

Данное изобретение относится к способу обработки жидких потоков на целлюлозном заводе. Способ обработки жидких потоков на целлюлозном заводе, в котором устройство включает блок подготовки древесины, блок получения небеленой целлюлозы, в котором осуществляют стадии варки, промывки, сортировки и кислородной делигнификации для получения целлюлозной массы, блок отбеливания для отбеливания полученной целлюлозной массы, блок химической регенерации, пресспат, регенерационный котел, генерирующий продувочную воду котла, выпарную установку, генерирующую конденсаты, установку обработки сточных вод и установку водоподготовки. При этом способ включает направление воды из по меньшей мере одного из следующих источников: щелочные фильтраты фильтратов ЕОР-отбеливания (щелочной экстракции с использованием кислорода и пероксида) из блока отбеливания, воды из второго отстойника установки обработки сточных вод, на по меньшей мере одну из следующих стадий: на подготовку древесины в блоке подготовки древесины ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ЖИДКИХ ПОТОКОВ НА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОМ ЗАВОДЕ

... 1. Способ обработки жидких потоков на целлюлозном заводе, при котором устройство включает:- блок (10) подготовки древесины,- блок (20) получения небеленой целлюлозы, включающий стадии варки, промывки, сортировки и кислородной делигнификации, для получения целлюлозной массы,- блок (30) отбелки, для отбелки полученной целлюлозной массы,- блок (60) регенерации химикатов,- пресспат (80),- содорегенерационный котел (70), генерирующий продувочную воду котла,- выпарной аппарат (40), генерирующий конденсаты,- установку (50) обработки сточных вод, и- установку водоподготовки,где способ включает транспортировку из по меньшей мере одного из следующих источников воды:- A) фильтратов EOP (щелочь-кислород-пероксид) отбелки, из блока (30) отбелки,- B) уплотняющих вод насоса Нэша из блока (30) отбелки,- C) конденсатов из выпарного аппарата (40),- D) вод из второго отстойника установки (50) обработки сточных вод,- E) охлаждающих вод струйного конденсатора из блока (60) регенерации химикатов,- F) уплотняющих ...

CLEANING OF ALKALINE WASHING LIQUID

CELLULOSE-COOK WITH HIGH SULFIDITY, BY SULPHONATION OF ABSORBED WOOD CHIPS WITH SCHWARZLAUGE.

Method to remove hemicellutose from cellutosic fibres using a solution of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide

A method for increasing the quality of cellulosic fibres used in forming dissolving pulp wherein the hemicellulose content of a pulp is reduced by treating the fibres with a liquor which includes hydrogen peroxide and ammonia.

Method and apparatus for thickening lime mud in a disc filter

Method for activating and precipitating lignin

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing reactive lignin from an alkaline lignin containing stream, such as black liquor, e.g. kraft lignin, by using thermal treatment with temperatures between 200 and 250 °C for simultaneous activation (for example by demethylation and/or demethoxylation) and precipitation of the lignin.

VENT STACK TEMPERATURE AS A FEEDFORWARD VARIABLE FOR SMELT DISSOLVING TANK TTA CONTROL

Methods and systems for controlling operation of a smelt dissolving tank receiving a flow of smelt and having a vent stack in fluid communication are provided. A dissolving liquid is injected into the smelt dissolving tank at a predetermined injection rate. A temperature of a flow of vapour in the vent stack is measured with a sensor. The injection rate of the dissolving liquid is controlled based on the temperature of the flow of vapour.

CHEMIMECHANICAL DESILICATION OF NONWOOD PLANT MATERIALS

A process for removing silica from nonwood plant materials involving both chemical and mechanical action is described. The silica-rich epidermal cells are liberated mechanically by a pre-pulping and low-consistency refining step and subsequently removed from the pulp via the filtrate of a thickening step. Amorphous silica is liberated chemically by using an alkaline dilution source in the pulper, then removed from the pulp via the filtrate of a thickening step and a dewatering step. The silica is then removed from the filtrate by adjusting the pH, followed by a separation step. The desilicated fibrous material may then be chemically or mechanically pulped and bleached using known processes. The silica removed from the nonwood plant material may then be used as a feedstock for other applications.

METHOD FOR ACTIVATING AND PRECIPITATING LIGNIN

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing reactive lignin from an alkaline lignin containing stream, such as black liquor, e.g. kraft lignin, by using thermal treatment with temperatures between 200 and 250 °C for simultaneous activation (for example by demethylation and/or demethoxylation) and precipitation of the lignin.

SAND SEPARATOR VESSEL PERFORATED REPLACEABLE INSERT APPARATUS AND METHOD

A perforated replaceable insert for a sand separator vessel in a digester feed system where the perforations have at least a width and a length. The perforations are aligned columns and rows, with the columns being positioned to be parallel to a line formed by the tangent of the conical axis.

METHOD FOR MEASURING SOAP CONTENT IN BLACK LIQUOR AND AN ANALYTICAL CONTAINER

The invention concerns a analytical method for measuring the soap content in black liquor. The analytical method comprises a first step where a defined amount of black liquor is arranged in analytical container, a second step where the black liquor is centrifuged and a soap concentrate is gathered in the upper part of the analytical container, a third step where the amount of soap concentrate is determined, and a fourth step where the soap content is calculated. By centrifuging the black liquor soap concentrated with a soap content of 58- 62% is obtained, which enable measurement of the dry matter with an accuracy of ± 2% within a very short time period. In one embodiment the analytical method comprises a fifth step where a modification of the calculated soap content is made with consideration to the density of the black liquor. In another embodiment of the invention the cylindrically symmetrical analytical container comprises a neck 2 with scale marks and a lower part 1. The defined amount ...

METHOD OF DEGUMMING CELLULOSIC FIBRES

A method for increasing the quality of cellulosic fibres used in forming dissolving pulp wherein the hemicellulose content of a pulp is reduced by tr eating the fibres with a liquor which includes hydrogen peroxide and ammonia .

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning includes a first evaporator receives a hardwood mix extract and outputting a quantity of vapor and extract. A hydrolysis unit receives the extract, hydrolyzes and outputs to a lignin separation device, which separates and recovers a quantity of lignin. A neutralization device receives extract from the lignin separation device and a neutralizing agent, producing a mixture of solid precipitate and a fifth extract. The solid precipitate is removed from the fifth extract. A second evaporator removes a quantity of acid from the fifth extract in a vapor form. This vapor may be recycled to improve total acid recovery or discarded. A desalination device receives the diluted extract, separates out some of the acid and salt and outputs a desalinated solution.

Archael laccases and multicopper oxidases (mcos) and their uses thereof

The subject invention pertains to a novel purified polypeptide having laccase activity and the nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptide. The disclosed polypeptide works at moderately high temperatures from below 20° C. to about 70° C., both acidic and alkaline pH conditions, high salt concentrations and in the presence of organo solvents. The high stability of the enzyme enables its wide applications under even extreme conditions. The invention also provides methods of producing the laccase enzyme.

Method for obtaining cellulose from biomass comprising lignocellulose

The invention relates to a method for obtaining cellulose by separating lignin from a biomass comprising lignocellulose in the form of plants or plant parts, wherein the biomass comprising lignocellulose is solubilized in a boiler in an alkaline medium comprising alkanol amine, and dissolved lignin is separated from the resulting raw cellulose. Said method is characterized in that the biomass comprising lignocellulose is not from a wood source, and is solubilized at a temperature of less than approximately 170° C. in a solubilizing agent based on alkanol amine and water, wherein the weight ratio of alkanol amine to water is set to 80:20 to 20:80, and raw cellulose thus produced is separated from the waste lye using a typical method. Said method is particularly advantageous for obtaining cellulose from annual plants, particularly wheat straw. The method is advantageously improved in that the solubilization takes place in the presence of a catalyst, particularly of anthrachinon. An advantageous bleaching process may be performed subsequently. Said method is characterized by great economic efficiency, particularly due to the high reclamation rates of the alkanol amine used, and leads to lower environmental impact in wastewater, and to reduced disposal costs. The design of the method leads to a greater yield of cellulose and largely prevents degradation of alkanol amine, particularly monoethanol amine (MEA).

Lignin Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.

Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin from Biomass Using Supercritical Fluids

Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.

Biomasses for the production of alternative petrochemical feedstock

Systems and methods for the recomposition and conversion of biomasses to alternative petrochemical feedstock are herein disclosed. According to one embodiment, a process involves reducing the particle size of at least one constituent of a biomass feedstock, removing at least one constituent from the biomass feedstock and adding at least one constituent to the biomass feedstock.

Novel method to product microcellulose

The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising hydrolyzing fibrous cellulosic material with an acid at an elevated temperature or acidifying fibrous cellulosic material followed by washing and hydrolyzing the washed cellulosic material at an elevated temperature to produce a microcellulose-hydrolysate mixture followed by separation of the microcellulose from the hydrolysate, wherein the mixture or separated hydrolysate or microcellulose is optionally neutralized, and wherein the microcellulose production is integrated to production of a pulp mill such that at least part of chemicals used in the acidification, acid hydrolysis and/or neutralization is produced by an integrated chemical recovery process of the pulp mill.

FLASH TANK WITH ADJUSTABLE INLET AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING INLET FLOW TO A FLASH TANK

A flash tank including: a closed interior chamber; a gas exhaust port coupled to an upper portion of the chamber; a liquid discharge port coupled to a lower portion of the chamber; an inlet nozzle attached to an inlet port of the chamber, wherein the inlet nozzle includes a flow passage, and a movable valve plate in the flow passage, wherein the valve plate has a first position which defines a first throat in the flow passage and a second position which defines a second throat having a smaller cross-sectional area than the first throat. 1. A flash tank comprising:an interior chamber;a gas exhaust port coupled to an upper portion of the chamber;a liquid discharge port coupled to a lower portion of the chamber;an inlet nozzle attached to an inlet port of the chamber, wherein the inlet nozzle includes a flow passage having a throat, anda movable valve plate in the flow passage, wherein the valve plate has a first position which defines a first throat area of the throat in the flow passage and a second position which defines a second throat area having a smaller cross-sectional area than the first throat area.2. The flash tank of wherein the valve plate is a rectangular plate having planar surfaces bounded by edges.3. The flash tank of further comprising a hinge attached to a sidewall of the flow passage claim 1 , wherein the hinge is attached to an upstream end of the valve plate and creates a pivoting axis for the valve plate.4. The flash tank of further comprising an actuator connected to the valve plate claim 1 , wherein the actuator moves the valve plate between the first and second positions.5. The flash tank of wherein the flow passage has a rectangular cross section.6. The flash tank of further comprising an actuator connected to the valve plate claim 1 , wherein the actuator moves the valve plate between multiple positions.7. The flash tank of comprising an actuator having an extendible shaft connected to the valve plate to move the valve plate.8. A method to ...

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning is provided. The system includes a first evaporator, a hydrolysis unit, at least one lignin separation device, a neutralization device, a precipitate removal device, a solvent extraction unit, a lignin removal and recovery unit, an acid and furfural separation and conditioning unit, and an electrodialysis device, which process a quantity of hardwood mix to produce a desalinated solution containing sugar.

IN-LINE DRAINER WITH SHAPED SCREEN SLOTS

An in-line drainer or liquid separator for draining liquid from a moving black liquor slurry stream having a screen basket mounted in the internal chamber of the in-line drainer. The screen basket includes slots to retain solid particles of the moving black liquor slurry stream within the black liquor slurry stream flow chamber and block the solid particles from entering the liquid collection chamber. The slots each have a curved corner edge adjacent a surface screen basket facing the black liquor slurry stream flow chamber. 1. A liquid separator for draining liquid from a moving black liquor slurry stream comprising:a cylindrical housing having an inlet proximate to a first end of the cylindrical housing, a first outlet proximate to a second end of the cylindrical housing, a second outlet proximate to the first end of the cylindrical housing, and an internal chamber between the inlet and first outlet, wherein the internal chamber extends along an axis of the cylindrical housing;a screen basket mounted in the internal chamber of the cylindrical housing, the screen basket formed of a plate having side edges which are joined to form a black liquor slurry stream flow chamber, wherein the inlet and first outlet of the cylindrical housing are in fluid communication with the black liquor slurry stream flow chamber;a liquid collection chamber formed between an outer surface of the screen basket and an inner surface of the cylindrical housing;the second outlet on the cylindrical housing in fluid communication with the liquid collection chamber;the screen basket including slots extending through the basket to provide liquid flow passages from the black liquor slurry stream flow chamber to the liquid collection chamber;said screen slots each having a length substantially greater than a width of the slot, the width of the slots is selected to retain solid particles of the moving black liquor slurry stream within the black liquor slurry stream flow chamber and block the solid ...

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR SEPARATING CONTAMINANTS FROM LIQUIDS OR VAPORS

A method and assembly for separating contaminants from liquids, such as condensates, or vapors at an evaporation plant. The contaminants are separated from liquids by stripping when bringing a contaminant-enriched liquid into direct contact with a vapor by spraying or distributing the liquid into the vapor flowing in a vapor duct or onto wall surfaces in the vapor duct thus reducing the contaminant-content of the sprayed liquid and producing a cleaner liquid. The contaminants are enriched in the vapor. From vapors contaminants are separated by absorption when bringing a contaminant-enriched vapor into direct contact with a cleaner liquid by spraying or distributing the liquid into the vapor flowing in a vapor duct or onto wall surfaces in the vapor duct thus increasing the contaminant-content of the liquid, but producing a cleaned vapor. 1. A method for purification of liquids or vapors at an evaporation plant , the method comprising:spraying or distributing a liquid into a vapor flowing in a vapor duct or onto wall surfaces in the vapor duct;separating contaminates from at least one of the liquid or the vapor by transferring the contaminates between the liquid with the vapor for form a mixture liquid and a mixture vapor, andseparating the mixture liquid and the mixture vapor.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture liquid is separated from the mixture vapor in at least one of: the vapor duct claim 1 , and with vapor condensate formed in an evaporator fluidly coupled to the vapor duct.3. The method according to wherein the separation of the mixture liquid and the mixture vapor is performed in an extended region of the vapor duct.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising heating the liquid to at least a saturation temperature of the vapor before the spraying or distribution of the liquid into the vapor.5. The method according to wherein the liquid includes methanol or total reduced sulfur (TRS) claim 1 , and the separation of the ...

CRP Purge Treatment

In a digester, wood chips and white liquor are combined and cooked under pressure to pulp the wood. This produces black liquor which is concentrated and burned in a recovery boiler. The recovery boiler produces ash that contains sodium, sulphur, potassium and chloride. The ash is dissolved and subjected to a process that recovers sodium sulfate and burkeite. The concentration of potassium and chloride is reduced, in part at least, by subjecting the ash to adiabatic cooling in a crystallizer which produces glaserite and a purge stream rich in chloride. By leaching the glaserite, sodium sulfate is removed from the glaserite, leaving potassium sulfate. The recovered sodium sulfate and burkeite can be recycled and used as pulping chemicals. The removed potassium and chloride can be further treated or appropriately discarded. 1. A method of removing pulp from wood and recovering pulping chemical from black liquor while reducing the concentration of potassium and chloride in the black liquor , comprising:digesting wood in a digester and separating pulp from the wood and producing the black liquor;concentrating the black liquor;directing the black liquor to a recovery boiler and burning the black liquor and, in the process, producing ash that contains potassium, chloride and sodium; i. mixing the ash with an aqueous solution and dissolving the ash in the aqueous solution to form a dissolved ash solution;', 'ii. separating sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate from the dissolved aqueous solution;', 'iii. directing the dissolved ash solution to a crystallizer and adiabatically cooling the dissolved ash solution to produce a glaserite slurry and a purge stream containing chloride;', 'iv. directing the glaserite slurry to a solid-liquid separator and separating glaserite crystals from the glaserite slurry; and', 'v. separating sodium sulfate from the glaserite crystals and forming potassium sulfate., 'reducing the concentration of calcium and chloride in at least a portion of ...

Process for acetic acid removal from pretreated biomass

The process for treating a ligno-cellulosic biomass feed stream comprised of solids, C5's, C6's, lignin, and water comprises the steps of: pretreating the ligno-cellulosic biomass feed stream by contacting the ligno-cellulosic biomass with water in the temperature range of 40 to 210 ° C. to create a pre-treated ligno-celluosic biomass comprised of a pre-treatment ligno-cellulosic biomass liquid comprised of suspended solids, C5's, C6's, and acetic acid, wherein the ratio of the C6's to C5's is less than 0.8 to 1.0, and a pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass solids; separating a portion of the pre-treatment ligno cellulosic biomass liquid from the pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass feed stream; separating a portion of the suspended solids from the pre-treatment ligno-cellulosic biomass liquid using filters, centrifuge or combination thereof, to create a clarified liquid stream, and nano filtering a portion of the clarified liquid stream to create a nano-filtered permeate stream comprised of acetic acid and water and a nano-filtered retentate stream comprised of C5's, C6's, acetic acid and water, wherein the ratio of acetic acid to the total amount of C5's, C6's in the clarified liquid stream is greater than the ratio of the acetic acid to the total amount of C5's, C6's in the nano-filtered retentate.

FLASH TANK WITH COMPACT STEAM DISCHARGE ASSEMBLY

A flash tank for concentrating fluids including a wall defining a rounded interior chamber bounded by a top elliptical head opposite to a bottom elliptical head; an inlet nozzle of the chamber; a steam chamber operatively engaged to the top elliptical head, wherein the steam chamber includes baffles and a conduit that directs condensate from the steam chamber to the level of liquid condensate; a gas discharge port operatively engaged to the steam chamber; and a liquid discharge port engaged to the bottom elliptical head below a vortex breaker. Changes to the flow passage of the steam chamber have been made by extending the baffles further into the internal chambers of the steam chamber. 1. A flash tank comprising:at least one wall defining a rounded interior chamber bounded by a top elliptical head opposite to a bottom elliptical head;an inlet nozzle operatively engaged to the rounded interior chamber;a vortex breaker operatively engaged to the bottom elliptical head;a liquid discharge port operatively engaged to the bottom elliptical head below a center of the vortex breaker;a steam chamber comprising: a gas inlet nozzle, an upper steam chamber and a lower steam chamber contiguous with the upper steam chamber, wherein the upper steam chamber is operatively engaged to the bottom of the top elliptical head and the upper steam chamber engages a steam input port that communicates with the rounded interior chamber, the lower steam chamber comprising:an area defining an open space between the upper steam chamber and the lower steam chamber,a plurality of partially overlapping baffles operatively engaged to at least one wall defining the lower steam chamber;an angled floor operatively engaged to the at least one wall defining the bottom of the lower steam chamber;a conduit with a first end engaged to the angled floor and a second end engaged to the vortex breaker;a gas discharge port operatively engaged to the lower steam chamber; anda hatch operatively engaged to the ...

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning includes a first evaporator receives a hardwood mix extract and outputting a quantity of vapor and extract. A hydrolysis unit receives the extract, hydrolyzes and outputs to a lignin separation device, which separates and recovers a quantity of lignin. A neutralization device receives extract from the lignin separation device and a neutralizing agent, producing a mixture of solid precipitate and a fifth extract. The solid precipitate is removed from the fifth extract. A second evaporator removes a quantity of acid from the fifth extract in a vapor form. This vapor may be recycled to improve total acid recovery or discarded. A desalination device receives the diluted extract, separates out some of the acid and salt and outputs a desalinated solution. 1. A hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning system comprising:a first evaporator receiving a first extract derived from a quantity of hardwood mix and outputting a first quantity of vapor and a second extract;a hydrolysis unit positioned to receive the second extract and output a third extract;at least one lignin separation device positioned to receive the third extract from the hydrolysis unit, wherein the lignin separation device separates and recovers a quantity of lignin from the third extract and outputs a fourth extract;a pH adjusting device positioned to receive a fourth extract, the pH adjusting device having a neutralizing agent input, wherein the pH adjusting device adjusts a pH of the fourth extract to form a quantity of solid precipitate and a fifth extract;a precipitate removal device positioned to receive the quantity of solid precipitate and the fifth extract from the pH adjusting device, wherein precipitate removal device separates the quantity of solid precipitate from the fifth;a second evaporator positioned to receive the fifth extract, wherein the second evaporator removes a first quantity of acid from the fifth extract, ...

Processes for producing cellulose pulp, sugars, and co-products from lignocellulosic biomass

The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars.

METHOD FOR PREPARING FLAVORFUL COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND PRODUCTS INCORPORATING THE FLAVORFUL COMPOUNDS

A method of isolating compounds from a tobacco-derived black liquor, including receiving a black liquor from a pulping process of an input material comprising a plant of the species, treating the black liquor with an acid to lower the pH of the black liquor to about 7 or lower in order to produce a precipitate and an acidified black liquor, separating the precipitate and the acidified black liquor, extracting the acidified black liquor with an organic solvent in order to produce an organic layer extract and an aqueous layer extract, and separating the organic layer extract and the aqueous layer extract. 122-. (canceled)23. A tobacco product comprising a flavorant compound , the flavorant compound being in the form of an organic extract of a tobacco-derived black liquor.24. The tobacco product of claim 23 , wherein the flavor compound is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid claim 23 , 3 claim 23 ,5-dimethylcyclopentenolone claim 23 , corylone claim 23 , guaiacol claim 23 , 4-vinyl-2-methylphenol claim 23 , vanillin claim 23 , 2 claim 23 ,6-dimethoxyphenol claim 23 , acetovanillone claim 23 , syringaldehyde claim 23 , acetosyringone claim 23 , and combinations thereof.25. The tobacco product of claim 23 , wherein the tobacco product is a smoking article.26. The tobacco product of claim 23 , wherein the tobacco product is a smokeless tobacco product. The present invention relates to products made or derived from tobacco, or that otherwise incorporate tobacco or components of tobacco. Of particular interest are ingredients or components obtained or derived from a plant of the species.Cigarettes, cigars and pipes are popular smoking articles that employ tobacco in various forms. Such smoking articles are used by heating or burning tobacco, and aerosol (e.g., smoke) is inhaled by the smoker. Tobacco also may be enjoyed in a so-called “smokeless” form. Particularly popular smokeless tobacco products are employed by inserting some form of processed tobacco or ...

Biomass Process Optimisation

There is described a method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of: (i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry; (ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pretreatment step; and (iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water. 1. A method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of:(i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry;(ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pre-treatment step; and(iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water.2. A method according to wherein the processing of biomass comprises the digestion of the biomass material.3. A method according to wherein the processing of biomass comprises the pre-treatment of the biomass material.4. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is from about 0.01M to about 1M.5. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is about 0.05M.6. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is about 0.1 M.7. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises hardwood/softwood and the weight based ratio of biomass to dilute oxalic acid is from about 0.1:1 to about 1:10.8. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises hardwood/softwood and the weight based ratio of biomass to dilute oxalic acid is about 1:5.9. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises grasses claim 1 , ...

Process Operations for Biomass Fractionation

There is described a method of fractionating a biomass material comprising: (i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry; (ii) mixing the slurry with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix; (iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix to sonication; (iv) optionally heating the product of step (iii) in an autoclave under pressure; (v) separating the solid and liquid components of the fractionation mix; (vi) optionally washing the solid; (vii) optionally drying the solid component; (viii) separating the liquid component into organic and aqueous components; and (ix) isolating lignin from the organic component and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component. 1. A method of fractionating a biomass material comprising the steps of:(i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry (stage 1);(ii) mixing the slurry (stage 1) with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix (stage 2);(iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix (stage 2) to sonication and, optionally, heat (stage 3);(iv) optionally heating stage 3 in an autoclave under pressure; (stage 3a)(v) separating the solid (stage 4a) and liquid (stage 4b) components of the fractionation mix of stage 3 or stage 3a;(vi) optionally washing the solid (stage 4a);(vii) optionally drying the solid component (stage 4a and stage 7a) (to retrieve cellulosic materials);(viii) separating the liquid component (stage 4b) into organic (stage 5a) and aqueous (stage 5b) components; and(ix) isolating lignin from the organic component (stage 5a) and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component (stage 5b).2. (canceled)3. A method according to which comprises the steps of:(i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry (stage 1);(ii) mixing the slurry (stage 1) with a de-aerated organosolv reagent, optionally under an inert atmosphere, to form a pre-treatment mix ( ...

PROCESS FOR RECAUSTICIZING GREEN LIQUOR

A process for recausticizing green liquor in a sulphate or Kraft process for wood pulp production, in which a green liquor consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate as the major component and sodium sulphide is admixed with calcium oxide in a slaker and undergoes a reaction in a recausticizer to form an aqueous suspension containing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as the major components, which suspension is filtered on a first filter and subsequently, after dilution with water in a dilution vessel, is fed over further filters two or three times and filtered to separate solids suspended therein, characterized in that after a first separation of calcium carbonate as the major component and calcium oxide as the minor component, carbon dioxide is added to the aqueous suspension at least during dilution in a dilution vessel and in particular in the dilution vessel (s) upstream of a second and/or a third filter. 1. A process for recausticizing green liquor in a sulphate or Kraft process for wood pulp production , in which a green liquor consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate as the major component and sodium sulphide is admixed with calcium oxide in a slaker and undergoes a reaction in a recausticizer to form an aqueous suspension containing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as the major components , which suspension is filtered on a first filter and subsequently , after dilution with water in a dilution vessel , is fed over further filter two or three times and filtered to separate solids suspended therein , wherein after a first separation of calcium carbonate as the major component and calcium oxide as the minor component , carbon dioxide is added to the aqueous suspension at least during dilution in a dilution vessel and in particular in the dilution vessel(s) upstream of a second and/or a third filter.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a period for supplying carbon dioxide to the aqueous suspension containing ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERING CHEMICALS AND BY-PRODUCTS FROM HIGH-SULPHIDITY PULPING LIQUORS

A method used in connection with the recovery of pulping chemicals from spent pulping liquor produced by kraft-type pulping at very high sulphidity. In the method, spent pulping liquor is acidified to a relatively low pH which converts a most or all of the sulphide and hydrosulphide in the liquor to hydrogen sulfide. Sulphur containing gases released from the acidification of the spent pulping liquor, together with other sulphur gases collected at the pulp mill, are converted into an acid compound. This acid compound is employed as an acidification agent in the acidification of the spent pulping liquor. The amount of acid compound generated by the conversion of sulphur containing gases may be sufficient to provide most, if not all, of the acid needed for the acidification of the spent pulping liquor. 1. A method to be used in connection with recovery of pulping chemicals from spent pulping liquor produced by kraft-type alkaline pulping at very high sulphidity , the method comprising:a) acidifying the spent pulping liquor in one or more stages to a pH low enough to convert at least a large portion of both hydrosulphide ions and the sulphide ions in the spent pulping liquor into hydrogen sulphide,b) converting to an acid compound sulphur containing gases released in the acidification process of step a), wherein the sulphur containing gases comprise hydrogen sulphide, andc) the acid compound generated in step b) is employed in step a) and the amount of the acid compound generated in step b) is sufficient in quantity to provide at least most of the acid required in step a).2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the sulphidity employed in the pulping stage is in the range of 50 percent to 100 percent.3. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the pH reached in the acidification step is below 7.4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in conjunction with the acidification of the spent pulping liquor in step a) claim 1 , one or more by-products are partially or totally ...

METHODS FOR THE OXYGEN-BASED DELIGNIFICATION OF PULP

Pulp is delignified by forming a mixture of pulp and caustic, adding oxygen and feeding this oxygen-containing mixture to a first step reactor. The lignin in the oxygen-containing mixture will be partially delignified and will be fed to a second step reactor where the remainder of the lignin in the pulp will be delignified. In this manner, fast reacting lignin can be treated in the first step reactor and slow reacting lignin can be treated in the second reactor. The delignified pulp is recovered from the apparatus and after washing can be forwarded to a bleaching unit. 1. A method for delignifying pulp comprising the steps of:(a) Forming a mixture of the pulp and caustic;(b) Feeding oxygen to the mixture and feeding the oxygen-containing mixture to a first step reactor wherein lignin will delignify;(c) Feeding the oxygen-containing mixture to a second step reactor wherein lignin will delignify; and(d) Recovering the delignified pulp.2. The method as claimed in wherein the lignin in step b) is fast reacting lignin.3. The method as claimed in wherein the lignin in step c) is slow reacting lignin.4. The method as claimed in wherein the pulp is selected from the group consisting of medium and high consistency pulp.5. The method as claimed in claim wherein the caustic is sodium hydroxide6. The method as claimed in wherein the oxygen is greater than 80% purity.7. The method as claimed in wherein steam is added to the mixture of pulp and caustic before being fed into the first step reactor.8. The method as claimed in wherein the oxygen-containing mixture comprises a gas phase and a liquid phase.9. The method as claimed in wherein the first step reactor is a reactor where the gas phase is the continuous phase and the liquid phase is the dispersed phase.10. The method as claimed in wherein supplemental oxygen may be added to the mixture of pulp and caustic after step (b).11. The method as claimed in wherein the oxygen-containing mixture is present in the first step reactor ...

Pulping Liquors and Uses Thereof

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and pulping liquor;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture;wherein the reaction mixture and product mixture move in continuous flow through reactor vessel during said treating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of:(i) lignite feedstock;(ii) lignocellulosic feedstock; or(iii) a mixture of lignocellulosic and lignite feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of lignocellulosic feedstock.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulping liquor is black pulping liquor (black liquor).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the black liquor comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '3, '(i) between about 4 wt % and 10 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH), between about 10 wt % and 30 wt % sodium sulfide (NaS), between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt % sodium carbonate (NaCO), between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt % sodium sulfite (NaSO), between about 8 wt % and about 20 wt % sodium sulfate (NaSO), between about 10 wt % and about 25 wt % sodium thiosulfate (NaSO), and between about 10 wt % and about 90 wt % organic solids or between about 30% and about 70% organic solids; or'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', ...

A LOW ENERGY PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PAPER PULP FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

A low energy production process for producing paper pulp from lignocellulosic biomass, the process comprising the following successive steps: a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in the presence of a mixture, composed only of water and of formic acid, at atmospheric pressure and under controlled conditions of reaction temperature between ambient temperature and the reflux temperature of the mixture at atmospheric pressure, preferably between 80° C. and 100° C., with a weight ratio of the at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1/1 and 1/15, and for a determined period of time of reaction; and b) separating, at atmospheric pressure and at the reaction temperature, a solid fraction, constituting raw paper pulp, from an organic phase containing in solution at least the starting formic acid and water mixture, solubilized monomeric and polymeric sugars, lignins. 1. A low energy production process for producing paper pulp from lignocellulosic biomass , said process comprising the following successive steps:a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed only of water and of formic acid, at atmospheric pressure and under controlled conditions of reaction temperature between ambient temperature and a reflux temperature of the mixture at atmospheric pressure with a weight ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1/1 and 1/15, and for a determined period of time of reaction;b) separating, at atmospheric pressure and at said reaction temperature, a solid fraction, constituting raw paper pulp, from an organic phase containing in solution at least the starting formic acid and water mixture, solubilized monomeric and polymeric sugars, lignins.2. The low energy paper pulp production ...

KRAFT PULP MILL SCALE CONTROL WITH END GROUP MODIFIED POLYCARBOXYLATES

Scale build-up on metal surfaces of a black liquor evaporator is prevented or mitigated by treating the black liquor with a deposit inhibiting concentration of a water-soluble polymer containing a polycarboxylate chain and a 3-mercaptopropionic acid end group. 1. A method for inhibiting scale build-up on metal surfaces of a black liquor evaporator , the method comprising treating the black liquor with a deposit inhibiting concentration of a water-soluble polymer comprising a polycarboxylate chain and a 3-mercaptopropionic acid end group.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer has general structure R1-R2-R3 claim 1 , wherein R2 is a polycarboxylate claim 1 , R1 and R3 are independently hydrogen or an end group claim 1 , and at least one of R1 and R3 is the end group —S—CHCHCOOH.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the water-soluble polymer in the black liquor is 100 ppm or greater.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 2000 to 12000 daltons.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylic acid chain terminated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid.7. A composition comprising black liquor and 50 ppm or more of a water-soluble polymer comprising a polycarboxylate chain and a 3-mercaptopropionic acid end group.8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the black liquor has at least 50% solids by weight.9. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the water-soluble polymer has general structure R1-R2-R3 claim 7 , wherein R2 is a polycarboxylate claim 7 , R1 and R3 are independently hydrogen or an end group claim 7 , and at least one of R1 and R3 is the end group —S—CHCHCOOH.10. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the water-soluble polymer ...

METHOD FOR SAVING ENERGY IN PAPER PRODUCTION

The present invention is in the field of paper production, more in particular it relates to the process of wood pulping. It provides useful biological methods and compounds for reducing the energy requirements of the production of wood pulp. It describes a method for reducing the energy requirement of a thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) process wherein cellulose fibers are recovered from a biomass comprising lignocellulosic material, wherein the lignocellulosic material is treated with a CotA laccase before recovering the cellulose from the lignocellulosic material. 120.-. (canceled).21. A vector comprising:a nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein having laccase activity and having a primary amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity with the sequence of COT1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2); anda polynucleotide heterologous to the nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein having laccase activity.22. The vector of claim 21 , wherein the protein having laccase activity is COT1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2).23. Wood chips comprising the vector of . This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/478,527, filed Sep. 18, 2015, pending, which application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application PCT/EP2013/055866, filed Mar. 20, 2013, designating the United States of America and published as International Patent Publication WO 2014/146712 on Sep. 25, 2014, which are hereby incorporated by reference.The present invention is in the field of paper production, more in particular it relates to the process of wood pulping. It provides useful methods and compounds for reducing the energy requirements of the production of wood pulp.Lignin is a major component of wood (seen as brown material), also present in non-wood plants. This heterogeneous polyphenolic compound provides rigidity to the wood structure and protects cellulose fibers from damage. Naturally, lignin creates a major hurdle to ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERY OF MOLYBDATE IN A MOLYBDATE-CATALYSED DELIGNIFICATION OF PULP WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

In a delignification of pulp with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by molybdate, molybdate can be recovered by contacting the molybdate-containing aqueous solution at a pH in the range from 2 to 7 with a carrier material comprising a sheet silicate been ion-exchanged with a quaternary ammonium salt and subsequent flotation without a surfactant having to be added for flotation. 116-. (canceled)17. A process for recovering molybdate in a molybdate-catalyzed delignification of pulp with hydrogen peroxide , comprising the steps:a) delignifying pulp in an aqueous mixture containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide and from 10 to 2000 ppm of molybdenum in the form of molybdate, in each case based on the mass of dry pulp, at a temperature of from 30 to 100° C. and a pH in the range from 1 to 7;b) separating the delignified pulp from the mixture obtained in step a) to give an aqueous solution;c) contacting the aqueous solution obtained in step b) at a pH in the range from 2 to 7 with a carrier material comprising a sheet silicate ion-exchanged with a quaternary ammonium salt to give a mixture of molybdate loaded carrier material and an aqueous solution depleted in molybdate;d) separating molybdate loaded carrier material from the mixture obtained in step c) by flotation to give an aqueous solution depleted in molybdate;e) contacting the molybdate loaded carrier material with an aqueous solution at a pH in the range from 7 to 14 to give a mixture of carrier material depleted in molybdate and an aqueous solution loaded with molybdate;f) separating carrier material depleted in molybdate from the mixture obtained in step e) to give an aqueous solution loaded with molybdate; andg) recycling the aqueous solution loaded with molybdate obtained in step f) to step a).18. The process of claim 17 , wherein claim 17 , in the flotation in step d) claim 17 , air is passed through the mixture obtained in step c).19. The process of claim 17 , wherein claim 17 , in step d) claim 17 ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING RESIDUAL SOAP IN CRUDE TALL OIL

The present invention relates to a method and system for reducing residual soap in crude tall oil, wherein crude tall oil is supplied via piping to at least one vessel, soap number of the crude tall oil is determined using on-line measuring technique and sulphuric acid is added to the crude tall oil at a site of blending, where the dosing of the sulphuric acid is adjusted on-line to provide soap number of not more than 2. 1. A method for reducing residual soap in crude tall oil , characterized in the method comprises the steps , wherecrude tall is supplied to at least one vessel,soap number of the crude tall oil is measured on-line,an amount of sulphuric acid having concentration between 20-50 wt %, needed for adjusting the soap number to a value of not more than 2 is determined, andthe determined amount of sulphuric acid is added to the crude tall oil at a site of blending whereby treated crude tall oil having soap number not more than 2 is obtained.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in the method further comprises the steps wherethe measured soap number is transmitted as an input to a controlling unit, which controlling unit determines as an output the amount of sulphuric acid needed for adjusting the soap number to a value of not more than 2,the output of the amount of sulphuric acid is transmitted to a sulphuric acid dosing device, andthe amount of sulphuric acid is added to the crude tall oil according to the output, at a site of blending of crude tall oil and sulphuric acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in the crude tall oil is supplied via a line to at least one vessel.4. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in the soap number is measured from the crude tall oil running in the line.5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in the crude tall oil is supplied using an unloading pump.6. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in the soap number of the crude tall oil running in the line is measured ...

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR REDUCING SILICA BASED EVAPORATOR SCALING

Some embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for reducing the concentration of reactive silica in a first composition comprising adding a first amount of a calcium salt and a second amount of a magnesium salt to the first composition to form a solid silicate composition comprising one or more silicates, wherein the first composition comprises an aqueous solution; and a significant portion of the reactive silica in the first composition is converted to one or more silicate in the solid silicate composition. 1. A method for reducing silica based scaling in a first composition to be treated comprising an aqueous solution , comprising adding a first amount of a soluble calcium salt and a second amount of a soluble magnesium salt to the first composition to form a solid composition comprising one or more silicates , wherein:the first composition comprising an aqueous solution comprises a pulping composition or a composition associated with pulping; anda significant portion of the reactive silica in the first composition is converted to one or more silicate in the solid composition.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the first amount of the soluble calcium salt: the second amount of the soluble magnesium salt is 1:1.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one silicate of the solid composition is a mineral diopside claim 1 , MgCaSiO.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first composition is a black liquor.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising removing a significant portion of the solid composition.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the significant portion of a composition is at least about 50% of the total amount of the composition claim 5 , at least about 75% of the total amount of the composition claim 5 , at least about 90% of the total amount of the composition claim 5 , at least about 95% of the total amount of the composition claim 5 , at least about 98% of the total ...

Method for producing reactive lignin

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing reactive lignin from an alkaline lignin containing stream, such as black liquor, e.g. kraft lignin, by using thermal treatment with temperatures between 200 and 300° C., and a retention time of 1 h or less, for activation of the lignin. 1. A method for activating and recovering dissolved lignin comprising:providing a feedstock comprising the dissolved lignin and having a pH above 12,carrying out a thermal treatment of the feedstock having said pH above 12, at temperature within a range of 200-300° C. and for a retention time of 1 hour or less to provide activated lignin within the feedstock,precipitating the activated lignin by pH adjustment using an acid, thereby providing a liquor comprising precipitated lignin, andseparating the precipitated lignin from the liquor to provide recovered lignin.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin containing feedstock is from an alkaline pulping process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin containing feedstock comprises black liquor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pH adjustment step is carried out before the thermal treatment to obtain said pH above 12.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a dry content of the lignin containing feedstock during the activation and precipitation steps is between 10 and 50 wt-%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment is done at a temperature of 220-280° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment is done at a pressure that is a vapour pressure of the feedstock or greater.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitating is done at a pH of 9-10.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitating is done with the addition of an acid selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO) claim 1 , carbonic acid claim 1 , acidic exhaust gas claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING DREGS, TREATED DREGS, USE THEREOF, PROCESS FOR VULCANIZING RUBBER, AND VULCANIZED RUBBER

Provided herein is a process for treating dregs for the application thereof as vulcanization activator of rubbers, putting an end to this residue generated in the cellulose industry and providing vulcanized rubbers with similar or enhanced properties in relation to those already known. The process for treating dregs includes the steps of: (a) drying the dregs; and (b) micronization of the dry dregs to an average particle size (d50) from 2 to 45 micrometers. Further provided herein are treated dregs, a use of treated dregs as vulcanization activator, and a process for vulcanizing rubber and the vulcanized rubber. 123-. (canceled)24. A rubber vulcanization process , comprising the step of adding a vulcanization activator to the rubber to be vulcanized , wherein the vulcanization activator is treated dregs that comprise an average particle size (d50) from 2 to 45 micrometers , preferably , 10 to 15 micrometers , and more preferably , 10 micrometers , and comprise , in % by mass based on the treated dregs:Loss on Ignition (LOI): 35 to 45;{'sub': '2', 'SiO: 0.5 to 2.0;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'AlO: 0.5 to 1.5;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'FeO: 0.5 to 1.5;'}{'sub': '2', 'TiO: 0.0 to 1.0;'}CaO: 35 to 50;MgO: 2 to 20;{'sub': '2', 'KO: 0.0 to 1.0;'}{'sub': '2', 'NaO: 0.5 to 5.0;'}{'sub': 2', '5, 'PO: 0.2 to 1.5;'}BaO: 0.0 to 0.2;SrO: 0.0 to 0.5;MnO: 0.1 to 2.0; and{'sub': '3', 'SO: 0.5 to 5.0.'}251. The rubber vulcanization process according to claim , wherein the rubber is natural rubber , styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) , ethylene-propylene dimer rubber (EPDM) , polybutadiene rubber (BR) , or nitrile rubber (NBR).261. The rubber vulcanization process according to claim , wherein 1 to 5 parts of the treated dregs are added per 100 parts of the rubber to be vulcanized.271. Vulcanized rubber obtained according to the process defined in claim , comprising , in % by mass based on the mass of the vulcanized rubber: Zinc oxide: 0 to 5 parts', 'Stearin (Lubricant): 1 to 2 parts', 'Accelerators: 0.5 ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING BLACK LIQUOR

The present invention relates to a method of membrane-filtrating a lignin containing composition in order to obtain a lignin fraction more suitable for further treatments. In particular it relates to treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution by a membrane filtration. It comprises subjecting the liquid lignin composition to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to remove species having a first molecular weight thereby providing a permeate with a molecular weight distribution defined by said cut-off. Then, the permeate from the first membrane filtration is; subjected to at least one further filtration step with a second filter cut-off, different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) with a molecular weight distribution defined by both the cut-off in the first filter the cut-off in said second filter. A dilution is performed on a desired lignin containing fraction at some point downstream of the first filtration unit. A lignin containing retentate (concentrate) is collected from the further ultrafiltration for further processing. 1. A method for treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution , comprising the steps of:subjecting a liquid lignin containing composition, e.g. black liquor, to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to separate species in said liquid lignin containing composition in fractions thereby providing a permeate and a retentate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by said cut-off;subjecting either the retentate or the permeate from the first membrane filtration to at least one further membrane filtration step with a second filter cut-off different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) and a permeate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by both the cut-off in the first ...

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERATING STEAM AT A DIGESTER PLANT OF A CHEMICAL PULP MILL

The present invention relates to a method of producing steam at a digester plant of a chemical pulp mill. Black liquor is discharged from the digester at a first temperature and pressure. The black liquor is treated in a flash tank for generating flashed black liquor and flash steam at a second temperature and a second pressure, which are lower than the first temperature and pressure. The flashed black liquor is taken for further treatment to the evaporation plant. The flash steam is led to an indirect heat exchange contact with clean liquid in the reboiler for boiling the liquid and for generating steam. The steam is led from the reboiler into a fan or compressor for increasing the steam pressure to a third pressure, which is higher than the second pressure and for adjusting the pressure of the steam in the flash tank. Steam at a third pressure is used for pretreating comminuted cellulosic fiber material, such as chips, prior to cooking. 1. A method for producing steam at a digester plant of a chemical pulp mill , the method comprises:a) a suspension formed of pretreated comminuted cellulosic fiber material and liquid is led into a digester for producing chemical pulp;b) the material is treated in the digester with a treatment chemical for producing pulp and black liquor;c) the black liquor is discharged from the digester at a first temperature and a first pressure;d) the black liquor is treated in a flash tank for producing flashed black liquor and flash steam at a second temperature and a second pressure, which are lower than the first temperature and pressure;e) the flashed black liquor is led into further treatment to the evaporation plant;f) the flash steam is led to an indirect heat exchange contact with clean liquid in a reboiler for boiling the liquid and for generating steam;g) the steam formed in step f) is led from the reboiler into a fan or compressor for increasing the steam pressure to a third pressure, which is higher than the second pressure and for ...

PROCESS FOR LOWERING MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF LIQUID LIGNIN

Processes and systems for lowering molecular weight of lignin generally includes first isolating a dense liquid lignin phase from black liquor and subjecting the dense liquid lignin phase to a temperature and pressure for a period of time to effect an average molecular weight distribution of the lignin. Solid lignin produced with the lowered molecular weight is then isolated. The systems and processes may further include an oxidation unit for oxidizing the black liquor and intermediate streams to remove or mitigate malodorous or toxic emissions.

Fractionation of biomass-based material

A process is disclosed for fractionating biomass-based material. The process includes evaporating an evaporable part of biomass-based material in a short path evaporator, SPE, to produce a depitched lights fraction in liquid form, and a heavier pitch fraction. The depitched lights fraction may contain depitched tall oil in liquid form, and the heavier pitch fraction may contain tall oil pitch, TOP.

Glycosyl hydrolase enzymes and uses thereof for biomass hydrolysis

The present invention relates to compositions that can be used in hydrolyzing biomass such as compositions comprising a polypeptide having glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 61/endoglucanase activity and/or a β-glucosidase polypeptide, methods for hydrolyzing biomass material, and methods for using such compositions.

Use of Fly Ash in Biological Process of Wastewater Treatment Systems

The spent liquor (SL) of a thermomechanical pulping (TMP) process introduces a high load to the wastewater system of this process. To reduce this load, fly ash from a biomass boiler is used and the application of fly ash improves the performance of biological process. Three different alternatives are introduced to apply fly ash to treat spent liquor. 1. A method of treating spent liquor from a pulping process of a pulp mill , said method comprising obtaining wastewater from the pulping process that contains both fly ash and said spent liquor , and subjecting said wastewater to biological wastewater treatment while said fly ash and said spent liquor are both present within said wastewater.2. The method of comprising adding said fly ash to the spent liquor at a wastewater pretreatment stage upstream from the biological wastewater treatment to create pre-treated wastewater containing both said spent liquor and said fly ash claim 1 , and directing said pre-treated wastewater to the biological wastewater treatment stage without separating said fly ash from the pre-treated wastewater.3. The method of comprising claim 1 , prior to adding the fly ash to the spent liquor claim 1 , making leachate by mixing said fly ash with water claim 1 , thereby leaching metals from said fly ash before adding said fly ash to the spent liquor.4. The method of comprising adding the fly ash from which the metals have been leached to the spent liquor for use as an adsorbent in the biological wastewater treatment stage.5. The method of comprising adding the fly ash to the spent liquor at the biological wastewater treatment stage.6. The method of comprising administering the leachate to the spent liquor as a coagulant at a coagulation stage upstream of the biological wastewater treatment stage.7. The method of comprising separating coagulates from the spent liquor at a separation stage between the coagulation stage and the biological wastewater treatment stage.8. The method of comprising using ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING DREGS, TREATED DREGS, USE THEREOF, PROCESS FOR VULCANIZING RUBBER, AND VULCANIZED RUBBER

Provided herein is a process for treating dregs for the application thereof as vulcanization activator of rubbers, putting an end to this residue generated in the cellulose industry and providing vulcanized rubbers with similar or enhanced properties in relation to those already known. The process for treating dregs includes the steps of: (a) drying the dregs; and (b) micronization of the dry dregs to an average particle size (d50) from 2 to 45 micrometers. Further provided herein are treated dregs, a use of treated dregs as vulcanization activator, and a process for vulcanizing rubber and the vulcanized rubber. 1. A process for treating dregs , the process comprising the steps of:(a) drying the dregs; and(b) micronization of the dregs to an average particle size (d50) from 2 to 45 micrometers.2. The process for treating dregs according to claim 1 , wherein the step (a) of drying is carried out by a dryer tunnel claim 1 , a rotary drum dryer claim 1 , or a fluid bed dryer.3. The process for treating dregs according to claim 1 , wherein the step (b) of micronization is carried out until the average particle size (d50) of the dregs reaches 10 to 15 micrometers.4. The process for treating dregs according to claim 1 , wherein the step (b) of micronization is carried out using equipment including a hammer mill claim 1 , a ball mill claim 1 , a rod mill claim 1 , an air jet mill claim 1 , a pendular mill claim 1 , and/or a long gap mill.5. The process for treating dregs according to claim 4 , wherein the step (a) of drying can be carried out by the same equipment as used in the step (b) of micronization.6. The process for treating dregs according to claim 5 , wherein the equipment includes the pendular mill claim 5 , the air jet mill claim 5 , or the long gap mill.7. The process for treating dregs according to claim 1 , wherein a drying capacity is from 60 to 6 claim 1 ,000 kg HO/hour.8. The process for treating dregs according to claim 1 , wherein an operating power of ...

HEAT TRANSFER TUBE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HEAT TRANSFER TUBE

The invention relates to a heat transfer tube () for falling film evaporation having a heating medium surface () to be heated by a heating medium, a falling film surface () to have spent liquor passing over it, and being made from an iron based high alloy stainless steel material with an alloy content above 16.00% for Chromium and above 1% for Nickel. The falling film surface of the heat transfer tube is equipped with one or several protrusions/indentations forming a multitude of stamped bumps (SB) on the envelope surface of a heat transfer tube such that the distance between adjacent stamped bumps (SB) along a line on the envelope surface parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heat transfer tube is within the range of 3 to 250 mm, said stamped bumps (SB) having a height (hp) in the range 0.3 to 5.0 mm, a width (wp) in the range 1.0-20 mm, and an inclination angle (a) versus a plane orthogonal to a longitudinal axis (CC) of the heat transfer tube in a range of 0-70 degrees so that each stamped bump (SB) is inclined and extends along at least a portion of the heat transfer tube or extend within a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the heat transfer tube. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing said heat transfer tube. 29. A heat transfer tube () according to wherein said stamped bumps (SB) are stretching continuously from one side of the sheet metal plate to the other side of the sheet metal plate of which the tube is made.3920. A heat transfer tube () according to wherein said stamped bumps (SB) are protruding on the falling film surface ().49. A heat transfer tube () according to claim 1 , wherein the distance along the longitudinal axis of the heat transfer tube between adjacent stamped bumps is in the range 3-100 mm claim 1 , more preferably within the range 5-50 mm and most preferably within the range 5-20 mm.59. A heat transfer tube () according to claim 1 , wherein the height (h) of said stamped bumps (SB) are in the range 0.5-2.0 ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TREATING THE BLACK LIQUOR RESULTING FROM PULPING BY HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION

The present invention relates to a paper pulp preparation device comprising a wood component cooking unit and a hydrothermal liquefaction unit. 1. A paper pulp preparation device comprising: paper pulp, and', 'black liquor;, 'a unit for cooking wood components, in which the wood components are separated into two fractions{'sub': 1a', '1b', '1a', '1b, 'the unit for cooking the wood comprising a first inlet Efor introducing wood, a second inlet Efor discharging while liquor, a first outlet Sfor discharging the paper pulp, and a second outlet Sfor discharging the black liquor;'} [{'sub': 12', '1b, 'an inlet Efor the black liquor connected to second outlet Sof the cooking unit;'}, {'sub': '12a', 'a first outlet Sfor an organic phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction;'}, {'sub': '12b', 'a second outlet Sfor an aqueous phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction and containing organic molecules;'}], 'a hydrothermal liquefaction unit allowing the treatment of at least a part of the black liquor, and comprising{'sub': 1-12', '1b', '12, 'a connection line Cbetween outlet Sand inlet E;'}{'sub': '12b', 'claim-text': [{'sub': 17', '12b, 'an inlet Efor the aqueous phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction, connected to outlet Sof the hydrothermal liquefaction unit;'}, {'sub': '17a', 'a first outlet Sof organic molecules;'}, {'sub': '17b', 'a second outlet Sof aqueous phase;'}], 'a separation unit downstream of outlet Sof the hydrothermal liquefaction unit, the separation unit allowing the separation of organic molecules contained in the aqueous phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction, and comprising{'sub': 12-17', '12b', '17, 'a connection line Cbetween outlet Sand inlet E.'}2. The paper pulp preparation device of claim 1 , wherein it further comprises:{'sub': 1b', '5', '5, 'an evaporation unit downstream of outlet Sof the cooking unit, the evaporation unit allowing to concentrate the black liquor, and comprising an inlet Efor the black ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR PULPING WOOD

Wood pulping process including pulping wood to produce a pulping effluent or liquor. Pre-concentrating the liquor in a pre-concentration unit produces concentrated liquor, a contaminated condensate and a non-contaminated condensate. Directing the concentrated liquor to a multi-effect train of forced circulation solids concentrators that further concentrating the concentrated liquor to form a highly concentrated liquor. Directing the contaminated condensate produced by the pre-concentration unit to a steam stripper and stripping gases therefrom and in the process producing a contaminated vapor stream. Utilizing the contaminated vapor stream and its thermal energy to power the forced circulation solids concentrators of the multi-effect train. 1. A wood pulping process comprising:pulping wood and producing a liquor;pre-concentrating the liquor in one or more evaporators to produce a concentrated liquor, a contaminated condensate, and a non-contaminated condensate;directing the concentrated liquor to a multiple effect train including a series of forced circulation solids concentrators that further concentrate the concentrated liquor to form a highly concentrated liquor;directing the contaminated condensate to a gas stripping unit;steam stripping the contaminated condensate in the gas stripping unit and producing a vapor stream having contaminants stripped from the contaminated condensate;directing the vapor stream from the gas stripping unit to one of the effects of the multiple effect train and heating the concentrated liquor passing through the effect by transferring heat from the vapor stream to the concentrated liquor and employing the thermal energy associated with a vapor stream to power one or more of the other effects of the of the multiple effect train and to heat the concentrate liquor passing therethrough; andburning the highly concentrated liquor produced by the multiple effect train in an incinerator or boiler.2. The method of wherein the liquor is pre- ...

Process for the isolation of lignin from black liquor and modification of the lignin for plastic applications

A process for the isolation of lignin from black liquor and modification of lignin for use in many plastic applications is disclosed. The isolation of lignin consists of removing all of the non-lignin components from black liquor solution. The non-lignin components including but not limited to organic acids, sugars, and inorganic materials can be removed using either solvent extraction or ion-exchange resin or a combination of both methods. The isolated lignin is water soluble. The non-lignin components can be further isolated and sold or reused in the pulping or lignin isolation processes. The isolated lignin can be further modified in order to meet the needs of the desired plastic application.

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method of producing an alkalized cellulose , the method comprising the steps of:a) neutralizing the organic acids contained in the cellulose produced from organic acids pretreatment of plant material with sodium hydroxide liquor recycled from step d) of the process to form a neutralized cellulose mixture, andb) separating neutralized cellulose from the neutralized cellulose mixture with a press and the filtrate is directly released to waste water treatment system, andc) alkalizing the neutralized cellulose by addition of a sodium hydroxide solution in a reactor to form an alkalized cellulose mixture, andd) separating alkalized cellulose from the alkalized cellulose mixture with a press, wherein the sodium hydroxide liquor, obtained as the filtrate of the alkalized cellulose mixture, comprises sodium hydroxide for reuse in step a) of the process.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids of step a) of the process comprises only formic acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids of step a) of the process comprises a mixture of acetic acid and formic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein neutralizing the organic acids contained in the cellulose produced from organic acids pretreatment of plant material is accomplished by adding the sodium hydroxide liquor recycled from step d) of the process or by adding sodium hydroxide comprising a combination of sodium hydroxide liquor recycled from step d) of the process and fresh sodium hydroxide.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the neutralized cellulose mixture has a pH of pH 5 to pH 8.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the neutralized cellulose has a dry solid content of 30% to 45% claim 1 , calculated from the total weight of the neutralized cellulose.7. The method according to ...

Efficient methods and compositions for recovery of products from organic acid pretreatment of plant materials

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials.

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method for producing a hemicellulosic juice , the method comprising the steps of:a) introducing a hemicellulosic mixture comprised of dissolved hemicellulose, organic acids, and water and other constituents produced by organic acids pretreatment of plant material into a multi-effect evaporation system, andb) evaporating the hemicellulosic mixture within the multi-effect evaporator to form a concentrated hemicellulosic juice with a dry matter content of 40% to 70% by weight, andc) removing organic acids from the concentrated hemicellulosic juice in a stripping column to form a hemicellulosic juice, wherein the hemicellulosic juice comprises less than 2% by weight organic acids.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids comprises formic acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids comprises formic acid and acetic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the content of dissolved hemicellulose in the hemicellulosic mixture is 2% to 20% by weight.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the organic acids the hemicellulosic mixture is 10% to 30% by weight.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a 2-effects evaporation system.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a 3-effects evaporation system.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a 4-effects evaporation system.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation is operated at a temperature of 60° C. to 160° C. in the first effect evaporator.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is operated at a temperature of 25° C. to 60° C. in the last effect evaporator.11. The method according ...

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method for recovering organic acids from high water content organic acids solutions by multi-column distillation , comprising the steps of:a) adopting a two to five columns distillation system to recover the organic acids, andb) feeding direct steam only into the first column of the multi-column distillation system, andc) providing steam to subsequent columns from the vapors released from previous columns sequentially, andd) feeding one or more streams of high water content organic acids solutions into different columns within the multi-column system to balance the energy requirements for the columns comprising the distillation system, ande) adjusting the content of the organic acids in the condensate of the first column to minimize fresh steam consumption, andf) recycling the total organic acids and the total waters discharged from the multi-column distillation system.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid and water.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid and water.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid and acetic acid.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises acetic acid.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-column distillation is carried out using a distillation system comprising 2-5 columns.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-column distillation is carried out using a distillation system comprising 4 columns.9. The method according to claim 1 ...

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method for producing a fertilizer composition , the method comprising the steps of:a) separating stillage from cellulose and hemicellulosic juice produced by organic acids pretreatment of plant material using a decanter to obtain a solid fraction of the stillage and a thin stillage, andb) concentrating the thin stillage with a multi-effects evaporation system to obtain a concentrated stillage wherein the steam for the multi-effects evaporation system is supplied from vapor released from the dryer in step d) of the process, andc) mixing the solid fraction and concentrated stillage to obtain a mixture, andd) drying the mixture to obtain the organic fertilizer, wherein the vapor released from the dryer is fed to the multi-effect evaporation system as thermal energy for the multi-effect evaporation system of the process.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fraction comprises a dry solid content of 20%-45% by weight.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated in an evaporator comprising a 4 effects evaporation system.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated in an evaporator comprising a 5 effects evaporation system.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated in an evaporator comprising a 6 effects evaporation system.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated by a multi-effects evaporation carried out at a temperature of 30° C. to 150° C.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentrated thin stillage produced by multi-effects evaporation comprises a dry matter content of 28% to 45% by weight.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in that mixing the solid fraction and the concentrated stillage is carried out in a mixer.9. ...

REGULATING A MICROENVIRONMENT OF ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE TO PROMOTE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND DELAY CALCIFICATION

To promote anaerobic digestion and delay calcification, one or more signal molecules are used to regulate the microenvironment of anaerobic granular sludge. In the process of anaerobic granular sludge treatment of papermaking wastewater, AHLs (N-acyl Hyperserine Lactones) are added to papermaking wastewater before the papermaking wastewater enters the anaerobic reactor. This may occur when the proportion of microorganism in anaerobic granular sludge VSS/TSS is less than 0.6. Further, the addition of the one or more signal molecules changes the community structure of the bacteria and methanogens, promoting anaerobic digestion and delay calcification. Additionally, the microenvironment of granular sludge is regulated by adding one or more micro-signal molecules to improve the number of bacteria susceptible to calcification, improve the anaerobic digestion rate of sludge that has not been calcified, and delay the calcification rate. 1. A method of regulating a micro-environment of anaerobic granular sludge to promote anaerobic digestion and delay calcification , the method comprising:facilitating entrance of papermaking wastewater into an anaerobic reactor after passing through a regulating tank; andadding one or more AHLs signal molecules to the papermaking wastewater at an end outlet of the regulating tank, when a proportion of microorganism content in an anaerobic granular sludge in the anaerobic reactor is less than 0.6.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the adding of the one or more AHLs signal molecules comprises{'sup': '3', 'adding 10-100 mg of the one or more AHLs signal molecules for every 1 mof the papermaking wastewater.'}3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more AHLs signal molecules are comprised of C8-HSL claim 1 , C6-HSL claim 1 , 3-oxo-C6-HSL or 3-oxo-C8-HSL.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the one or more AHLs signal molecules comprises C8-HSL.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding a time ...

METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSE PULP OF WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

A method of and an apparatus for processing cellulose pulp of wood processing industry. The method and assembly may be used, on one hand, as a pressure diffuser for washing the pulp before an oxygen stage and, on the other hand, the separation of soap, gas and/or other light materials from filtrates and from black liquor of a cellulose mill in a pressurized device, as well as the new process connections enabled by the method. The method and apparatus may process filtrates from brown stock washing and bleaching as well as black liquors from a digesting department and an evaporation plant. By way of example, the filtrate of the washing department is pumped to the digesting department of a sulfate cellulose mill as well as the black liquor taken from the digesting department to an evaporation plant. 1. A method of processing cellulose pulp , which is produced by digesting from softwood or hardwood chips in a digester , the method comprising:washing digested pulp;processing the washed pulp in an oxygen stage, andafter the oxygen stage, washing and bleaching the washed pulp, andseparating in a pressurized separation apparatus soap, gas or other light materials produced in a digesting process from a filtrate or from black liquor generated by a digester.2. The method of wherein the pressurized separation apparatus is at least one of a hydrocyclone claim 1 , a centrifuge and a pump.3. The method according to claim 1 , the filtrate is from the washing of digested pulp and the separation separates the filtrate into a soap fraction and filtrate fraction essentially free of soap.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the essentially soap-free filtrate fraction is fed as washing liquid to another washing stage or into a digester.5. The method according to wherein the soap fraction is fed directly to an evaporation plant or to black liquor flowing to the evaporation plant.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the black liquor obtained from the digester is fed to the ...

DEPOSIT CONTROL FOR A BLACK LIQUOR RECOVERY BOILER

Disclosed is a process for reducing slag in a black liquor recovery boiler, the process comprising: injecting and burning black liquor in a boiler by contacting it with primary air and secondary air; introducing a slag-reducing chemical into the gases above the injection locations through interlaced, tangential or concentric secondary, tertiary, and/or quarternary air ports. 1. A process for reducing deposits in a black liquor recovery boiler , the process comprising:injecting and burning black liquor in a boiler by injecting it into the boiler and into contact with primary air and secondary air before collecting on a char bed in the boiler near the bottom; introducing deposit-reducing chemicals into the gases above the injection locations for the black liquor through interlaced, tangential or concentric secondary, tertiary, and/or quarternary air ports.2. A process according to wherein the deposit-reducing chemicals are injected into the gases above the injection locations for the black liquor through interlaced secondary air ports.3. A process according to wherein the secondary air comprises from 30 to 50 percent of the air supplied for combustion.4. A process according to wherein the deposit-reducing chemicals are injected into the gases above the injection locations for the black liquor through interlaced tertiary air ports.5. A process according to wherein the tertiary air comprises from 30 to 50 percent of the air supplied for combustion.6. A process according to wherein the deposit-reducing chemicals are injected into the gases above the injection locations for the black liquor through interlaced quaternary air ports.7. A process according to wherein the quaternary air comprises from 20 to 50 percent of the air supplied for combustion.8. A process according to wherein the deposit-reducing chemicals includes a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , magnesium carbonate claim 1 , manganese oxide claim ...

WOOD PROCESSING METHOD

The invention provides a method for generating a solid wood-based material and a hemicellulose-derived material from a wood raw material. The method includes treating the wood raw material under aqueous conditions at elevated temperature and pressure to generate a hemicellulose-containing fluid component and a solid component; separating the fluid component from the solid component; processing at least a part of the solid component into a solid wood-based material; and processing the liquid component into a hemicellulose-derived material. The invention also provides for a wood-derived fuel with a low ash content. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a step of iv) processing said liquid component into a hemicellulose-derived material.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said biomass is a non-wood lignocellulosic material claim 1 , such as straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , stover claim 1 , grass or any mixtures thereof claim 1 , preferably straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , or any mixtures thereof.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said solid biomass-derived material has an ash deformation temperature of at least 1050° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 1100° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 1200° C. claim 1 , more preferably at least 1300° C.5. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said solid biomass-derived material has a chlorine content of 0.2 wt % or less claim 1 , preferably 0.1 wt % or less claim 1 , more preferably 0.08 wt % or less.6. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out in the absence of additives for increasing the ash melting temperature claim 1 , such as mineral agents claim 1 , e.g. calcium carbonate claim 1 , lime or limestone.7. The method of wherein step i) comprises steam treatment claim 1 , or steam explosion claim 1 , of the biomass raw material whereby to generate a steam treated biomass material and optionally washing said treated biomass material with an aqueous material such as ...

PRODUCTS EXTRACTED FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Products extracted from black liquor include undissolved carbonized lignin and carbonized black liquor. The products further include solid carbon separated from the black liquor. Black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process is subjected to a hydrothermal carbonization process. Undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor. The remaining carbonized black liquor is fed back into the alkaline fractionation process. The undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor and purified. 1. An undissolved carbonized lignin extracted from black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 60 percent by mass,the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is higher by at least 5 percent by mass than the fraction of the chemical element carbon in an ash-free and dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is a maximum of 10 percent by mass,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is lower by at least 50 percent by mass than the ash fraction of the dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the softening temperature of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 200° C., andthe dry matter content of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 40 percent by mass.2. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 68 percent by mass.3. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fraction of the chemical element carbon ...

System of thermal recovery relating to the operation of a dissolver of a chemical recovery boiler

The disclosed solution relates to recovering thermal energy from the operation of a dissolver of a chemical recovery boiler used in pulp manufacturing. According to the solution, a primary fluid circuit conveys green liquor from the dissolver to an external process such as causticizing and solvent such as weak white liquor back to the dissolver, and from this circuit solvent is diverted into a secondary fluid passageway comprising a heat exchanger which cools the solvent by recovering heat from it and transfers the heat to a heat-consuming process. After heat recovery, solvent may be used for further processes before it is at least partly conveyed back to the dissolver.

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CLARIFYING GREEN LIQUOR

Green liquor clarification comprising filtering of a flowing suspension containing solids, wherein the suspension is brought into contact with a first filter unit (), said 5 filter unit () comprising one or several filter elements () comprising one or several filter bodies () having filter channels () within the filter bodies () with a filtering layer (), a part of the suspension is forced to pass through the filtering layer () from a first/inner surface (A) to a second/outer surface (B) of the filtering layer () forming a filtrate while the solids substantially remains in a residual part of the suspension forming a slurry and where the filtering layer () is made of a membrane material with pores, said pores having a pore size of 0.1-10 micrometer, more preferred 0.1-5 micrometer and most preferred 0.2-1.0 micrometer. 138-. (canceled)39. A method for clarifying green liquor comprising: a filter unit comprising a green liquor inlet, a slurry outlet and a filtrate outlet, and being constructed to filter green liquor;', 'a source of flowing green liquor comprising a suspension of solids connected to the green liquor inlet of the filter unit;', 'a pump constructed to force the flowing green liquor into the green liquor inlet to provide a Reynolds Number between 10,000-45,000 and cause a turbulent flow within the filter unit;', 'a recirculation conduit connecting the slurry outlet to the source of flowing green liquor and being constructed for recirculating at least a portion of a slurry from the filter unit back to the source of flowing green liquor;', 'a recirculation valve constructed to control an amount of slurry being recirculated from the slurry outlet to the source of flowing green liquor, wherein said filter unit comprising one or several filter elements, comprising one or several filter bodies having filter channels within the filter bodies with a filtering layer, during use a part of the green liquor is forced to pass through the filtering layer from a first ...

Smelt shattering method and apparatus

A smelt shattering apparatus includes an inlet orifice, an outlet orifice, and a fluidic pathway between the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice. A convergence divergence zone is located between the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice. In one illustrative construction, a first separable section includes the inlet orifice, and a second separable section includes the outlet orifice and a divergence zone of the convergence divergence zone. In some constructions, there may be a second outlet orifice in fluidic communication with the inlet orifice. To provide uniformity over the multiple shatter jets, the first outlet orifice may have a cross-sectional dimension and the second outlet orifice is located a distance of between about 4 and about 10 times of the cross-sectional dimension from the first outlet orifice.

PROCESS FOR REFINING FIBER AND DERIVING CHEMICAL CO-PRODUCTS FROM BIOMASS

The invention herein disclosed and claimed is a process for refining fiber from lignocellulosic biomass. The process provides refined fiber and agriculturally amenable co-products, with a virtually waste-free systems design. 1. A process comprising:mixing lignocellulosic biomass with a first alkaline FRL comprising an alkaline chemical with potassium cations and at least one alkaline chemical with cations from an alkaline earth metal selected from a group consisting of calcium and magnesium;limiting sodium cation percentage in said first alkaline FRL to 30 percent or less of sum total cation molar weight portion of all alkaline chemicals within said FRL;refining said lignocellulosic biomass with said first alkaline FRL;capturing refined biomass-derived fiber; andcapturing co-products derived from spent FRL.2. A process comprising:mixing lignocellulosic biomass with a second alkaline FRL comprising alkaline chemicals with 70 percent or more of said FRL sum total cation molar weight comprising at least one from the group of potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium;limiting said sodium cation percentage to 30 percent or less of total cation molar weight portion of all alkaline chemicals within said FRL;refining said lignocellulosic biomass with said second alkaline FRL;capturing refined biomass-derived fiber;treating said spent FRL with a non-carbonic carboxylic acid; andcapturing co-products derived from said spent FRL.3. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkali FRL comprising at least 50 percent of said first FRL sum total cation molar weight comprising potassium.4. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkaline FRL comprising 20 to 50 percent calcium cations of said first FRL sum total cation molar weight.5. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkaline FRL comprising 20 to 50 percent magnesium cations of said first FRL sum total cation molar weight.6. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkaline FRL comprising ...

ORGANOSOLV PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF HIGHLY PURE LIGNIN AND PRODUCTS COMPRISING THE SAME

A highly pure lignin comprising a lignin content of at least 97% and characterized by a low carbohydrate content and substantially no sulfur content is disclosed herein. An organosolv process for extracting the highly pure lignin is also disclosed herein. The process comprises pretreating a lignocellulosic material in a first polar protic solvent, to remove extractive compounds and to provide a pretreated lignocellulosic material; and treating the pretreated lignocellulosic material with a Lewis acid in a second polar protic solvent. 1. An organosolv process for extracting highly pure lignin from a lignocellulosic material , the process comprising:pretreating the lignocellulosic material in a first polar protic solvent, to remove extractive compounds and to provide a pretreated lignocellulosic material; andtreating the pretreated lignocellulosic material with a Lewis acid in a second polar protic solvent, to provide a highly pure lignin.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first polar protic solvent is at least one of CHCOOH claim 1 , HCOOH claim 1 , HO claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , EtOH claim 1 , iPrOH claim 1 , PrOH claim 1 , BuOH claim 1 , iBuOH or tBuOH or combinations of any thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second polar protic solvent is at least one of CHCOOH claim 1 , HCOOH claim 1 , HO claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , EtOH claim 1 , iPrOH claim 1 , PrOH claim 1 , BuOH claim 1 , iBuOH or tBuOH or combinations of any thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first polar protic solvent is a mixture of polar protic solvents.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the mixture of polar protic solvents includes a ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 of two polar protic solvents.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second polar protic solvent is a mixture of polar protic solvents.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the mixture of polar protic solvents includes a ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 of two polar protic solvents.10. ( ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING VAPOURS RELEASED FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE BIOMASS DURING ACID TREATMENT

The invention relates to a process for treating vapours released from lignocellulose biomass during acid treatment at elevated temperature of the lignocellulose biomass. The process comprises condensing () the vapours to produce a condensate, adjusting () the pH of the condensate to about 9, and decanting () the condensate to produce turpentine, and may further comprise distilling () the mixture remaining after decanting to produce furfuraland a reject comprising tall oil fatty acids. The invention also relates to a corresponding system for treating vapours released from lignocellulose biomass during acid treatment at elevated temperature of the lignocellulose biomass. 1. Process for treating vapours released from lignocellulose biomass during acid treatment at elevated temperature of said lignocellulose biomass , said process comprising:condensing said vapours to produce a condensate,adjusting the pH of the condensate to about 9, anddecanting the condensate to produce turpentine.2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising:distilling the mixture remaining after decanting to produce furfural and a reject comprising tall oil fatty acids.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprisingsubjecting an uncondensed fraction of said vapours from said step of condensing to an additional step of condensing to produce a second condensate,wherein said step of decanting comprises decanting the second condensate to produce turpentine, anddistilling the condensate from the step of condensing and the mixture remaining after decanting to produce furfural and a reject comprising tall oil fatty acids.4. The process according to claim 2 , further comprising:Subjecting said reject resulting from said distilling to a tall oil separation process.5. The process according to claim 2 , further comprising:Subjecting said reject to saponification to produce soap.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said adjusting comprises adding an alkali to adjust the pH.7. The ...

METHOD FOR SAVING ENERGY IN PAPER PRODUCTION

The present invention is in the field of paper production, more in particular it relates to the process of wood pulping. It provides useful biological methods and compounds for reducing the energy requirements of the production of wood pulp. It describes a method for reducing the energy requirement of a thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) process wherein cellulose fibers are recovered from a biomass comprising lignocellulosic material, wherein the lignocellulosic material is treated with a CotA laccase before recovering the cellulose from the lignocellulosic material. 1. A method for recovering cellulose from a biomass comprising lignocellulosic material , the method comprising:contacting the biomass with a CotA laccase prior to heating the biomass to a temperature above 100 degrees Celsius;heating the biomass to a temperature above 100 degrees Celsius; andsubjecting the heated biomass to mechanical defibration.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic material comprises wood.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the wood is a wood chip.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the wood is a destructured wood chip.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising treating the biomass comprising the lignocellulosic materials with a chemical composition before the biomass is defibrated.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the chemical is able to degrade lignin.7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the wood has a moisture content of at least 20% and is preheated to a temperature below 100 degrees Celsius before treating the wood with CotA laccase.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wood is preheated to a temperature below the inactivation temperature of the CotA laccase.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the treatment with CotA laccase is performed after a low energy mechanical treatment step.10. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising an impregnation step wherein the biomass ...

PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND MODIFICATION OF THE LIGNIN FOR PLASTIC APPLICATIONS

A process for the isolation of lignin from black liquor and modification of lignin for use in many plastic applications is disclosed. The isolation of lignin consists of removing all of the non-lignin components from black liquor solution. The non-lignin components including but not limited to organic acids, sugars, and inorganic materials can be removed using either solvent extraction or ion-exchange resin or a combination of both methods. The isolated lignin is water soluble. The non-lignin components can be further isolated and sold or reused in the pulping or lignin isolation processes. The isolated lignin can be further modified in order to meet the needs of the desired plastic application. 116-. (canceled)17. A process for isolating organic acids from black liquor containing lignin and non-lignin components , said lignin is not precipitated by lowering pH or acidification , comprising the steps of:adding a polar aprotic solvent to said black liquor containing lignin and non-lignin components forming a polar aprotic solvent and black liquor mixture;centrifuging said mixture containing lignin and non-lignin components, said lignin is retained in the bowl of the centrifuge;said non-lignin components and said polar aprotic solvent exit the bowl of the centrifuge;reducing the pH of the said mixture of the non-lignin components and polar aprotic solvent; and,filtering the mixture of reduced pH non-lignin components and polar aprotic solvent, where organic acids will be retained by the filter forming isolated organic acids, and where a group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, sulfur, sulfates, sulfites, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sugars, sacharrides, polysacharrides, methanol, ethanol, and combinations thereof will permeate the filter.18. The process of wherein said organic acids are selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic molecule with one or more carboxyl groups.19. The process of wherein said isolated organic acid contains less than 1% ...

METHOD FOR LIGNIN SEPARATION FROM BLACK LIQUOR INVOLVING MULTIPLE ACIDIFICATION STEPS

The method is for separation of lignin from original black liquor (BL) and has the following phases in sequence. A first precipitation phase (PR) for precipitation of lignin by a first acidification of the original black liquor by adding a first acid or mixture of acids (G) followed by a first storage phase wherein precipitated lignin particles are allowed to increase in size, followed by a second precipitation phase (PR) for precipitation of lignin by a further acidification of the original black liquor by adding a second acid or mixture of acids (G). By retaining the acidified black liquor for at least 25 minutes in the storage phase are the precipitated lignin particles allowed to grow in size and the filterability is improved considerably. 1. A method for separation of lignin from original black liquor (BL) having a first pH value , comprising the following phases in sequence:{'b': '1', 'a first precipitation phase (PR ) wherein a first acidifier charge is added to the original black liquor in order to decrease the pH value of the original black liquor to a second pH level whereby less than 10% of the total lignin content is precipitated as nucleus particles, said second pH level being at least 1 pH unit below that of the first pH value,'}a first storage phase (ST) wherein the original black liquor is kept at or below the second pH level for a retention time of at least 25 minutes during which storage phase the precipitated lignin particles increase in size thus increasing the filterability of the precipitated lignin,{'b': '2', 'a second precipitation phase (PR ) wherein a second acidifier charge is added to the acidified original black liquor from the first precipitation phase in order to decrease the pH value to a third pH level whereby more than 20% of the total lignin content is additionally precipitated and as growth of nucleus lignin particles formed after the first storage phase, said third pH level being at least 1 pH units below that of the second pH ...

Black Liquor Concentration by a Membrane Comprising Graphene Oxide on Porous Polymer

The disclosed technology includes a membrane-based device configured to concentrate black liquor, which results from papermaking. Certain embodiments may comprise a nanofiltration membrane configured to remove lignin from black liquor, and the nanofiltration membrane may include a first macroporous polymer substrate and a first graphene oxide membrane covering the first macroporous polymer substrate. Some embodiments may comprise a reverse osmosis membrane, which may include a second macroporous polymer substrate and a second graphene oxide membrane covering the second macroporous polymer substrate. 1. A membrane system comprising a nanofiltration membrane configured to remove lignin from black liquor , the nanofiltration membrane comprising:a first macroporous polymer substrate; anda first graphene oxide membrane covering the first macroporous polymer substrate.2. The membrane system of claim 1 , wherein the first macroporous polymer substrate comprises a polymer with aryl groups.3. The membrane system of claim 2 , wherein the first macroporous polymer substrate comprises at least one of poly(sulfone) and poly(ethersulfone).4. The membrane system of claim 1 , wherein the first macroporous polymer substrate has a thermal stability limit greater than about 70° C.5. The membrane system of claim 1 , wherein the first graphene oxide membrane has a thickness of less than about 300 nm.6. The membrane system of claim 1 , wherein the first microporous polymer substrate comprises a flat polymer sheet claim 1 , the flat polymer sheet having a surface area greater than or equal to about 700 cm.7. The membrane system of claim 1 , wherein the first macroporous polymer substrate comprises a plurality of the flat polymer sheets rolled around a core tube to form a spiral wound membrane module.8. The membrane system of claim 1 , wherein the first microporous polymer substrate comprises a hollow polymer tube claim 1 , the hollow polymer tube having a surface area greater than or ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PULP, ENERGY, AND BIODERIVATIVES FROM PLANT-BASED AND RECYCLED MATERIALS

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site. 1. A system comprising:a pre-processing portion having a mechanical processor/material handler for extraction of water soluble fermentable carbohydrates and preparation of material for further extraction; a first operating condition at a first pressure and a first temperature at a constant level that is held for a first defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength; and', 'a second operating condition at a second pressure and a second temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined second period of time to break down lignin and the remaining oligo-carbohydrates of a second chain strength and fatty acids, or', 'both the first operating condition and the second operating condition;, 'an extractor portion comprising a reactor or a reactor assembly to which biomass and subcritical water is supplied, the reactor assembly havingwherein the system is repeatable until the recovery rate of the fermentable carbohydrates, fatty acid, or both reaches a desired yield.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical processor/material handler of the pre-processing portion includes a ...

Process for treating lignin

A process for recovery of lignin from black liquor that contains either soluble or dispersed lignin by generating a “liquid lignin” at high yield is disclosed. Soluble lignin at a high pH is precipitated by reducing the pH of the black liquor stream by countercurrent reaction with carbon dioxide, at elevated temperature and pressure, creating a dense liquid-lignin phase and a light lignin-depleted phase. The dense lignin-rich phase is separated and washed countercurrently with a non-sulfur containing acid, such as acetic acid or formic acid, to displace metal cations from the lignin, creating a low-salt lignin, which is then formed into a low-dust, high-bulk density lignin fuel pellet. If desired, an oxidation step may be used to eliminate odor for lignins having high value green chemistry applications.

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED LIGNIN AS REDUCING AGENT FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of a polysaccharide substrate, said method comprising at least one step of: enzymatic hydrolysis of said substrate with a mixture of enzymes, said mixture comprising at least one enzyme selected from lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases; in the presence of chemically modified lignin, wherein during at least part of the time of said step of enzymatic hydrolysis, HOis supplied to the reaction mixture comprising said substrate, said mixture of enzymes and said chemically modified lignin, either from an external source or by generation in situ. 1. A method for enzymatic hydrolysis of a polysaccharide substrate , said method comprising at least one step of:enzymatic hydrolysis of said substrate with a mixture of enzymes, said mixture of enzymes comprising at least one enzyme selected from lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases,{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein said at least one step of enzymatic hydrolysis occurs in the presence of chemically modified lignin, wherein during at least part of the time of said step of enzymatic hydrolysis, HOis added to a reaction mixture comprising said substrate, chemically modified lignin and said mixture of enzymes.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide substrate comprises lignocellulosic biomass.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein HOis added directly to said reaction mixture comprising said substrate claim 1 , chemically modified lignin and said mixture of enzymes.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein HOis added to the reaction mixture at a rate of 10 to 5 claim 3 ,000 μmoles hydrogen peroxide per liter reaction mixture per hour.5. The method according to wherein a total amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the reaction mixture is 2 to 1 claim 1 ,500 moles per ton of polysaccharide substrate.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of chemically modified lignin present in the reaction mixture comprising ...

METHODS FOR PREPARING THERMALLY STABLE LIGNIN FRACTIONS

The present invention relates to fractions of high purity lignin which are thermally stable, and to methods of producing said fractions from lignocellulosic material. 131-. (canceled)32. A method comprising:(i) providing a lignin composition characterized by a consistent glass transition temperature (Tg) as determined by two consecutive differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) runs of the same lignin portion according to DIN 53765-1994, wherein a first Tg is measured during a first DSC run, a second Tg is measured during a second DSC run, and the difference between the first Tg and the second Tg is less than 10° C., and(ii) converting at least a portion of lignin in the composition to a conversion product.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the converting comprises treating the lignin composition with hydrogen or a hydrogen donor.34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the conversion product is selected from the group consisting of bio-oil claim 32 , carboxylic and fatty acids claim 32 , dicarboxylic acids claim 32 , hydroxyl-carboxylic claim 32 , hydroxyl di-carboxylic acids and hydroxyl-fatty acids claim 32 , methylglyoxal claim 32 , mono- claim 32 , di- or poly-alcohols claim 32 , alkanes claim 32 , alkenes claim 32 , aromatics claim 32 , aldehydes claim 32 , ketones claim 32 , esters claim 32 , phenols claim 32 , benzene claim 32 , toluenes claim 32 , and xylenes.35. The method of claim 32 , wherein the conversion product is selected from the group consisting of dispersants claim 32 , emulsifiers claim 32 , complexants claim 32 , flocculants claim 32 , agglomerants claim 32 , pelletizing additives claim 32 , resins claim 32 , carbon fibers claim 32 , active carbon claim 32 , antioxidants claim 32 , liquid fuel claim 32 , aromatic chemicals claim 32 , vanillin claim 32 , adhesives claim 32 , binders claim 32 , absorbents claim 32 , toxin binders claim 32 , foams claim 32 , coatings claim 32 , films claim 32 , rubbers and elastomers claim 32 , sequestrants claim 32 , ...

METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR QUALITY OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN LIQUOR

A method for optimizing reduction and content of total titratable alkali of green liquor of a recovery boiler. The method comprises producing green liquor in a dissolving tank by conveying smelt and weak white liquor into the dissolving tank and measuring at least the contents of sodium sulphate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and sodium carbonate of the green liquor. The method comprises controlling at least a process parameter of a recovery boiler to maximize the reduction of the recovery boiler and controlling the flow of the weak white liquor into the dissolving tank to optimize the content of total titratable alkali of the green liquor. In addition, a system for producing green liquor with optimized reduction and content of total titratable alkali. The system comprises a first sensor arrangement, a first and a second regulator, and a processing unit arrangement configured to perform the method. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for optimizing reduction and content of total titratable alkali of green liquor of a recovery boiler , the method comprisingproducing green liquor by dissolving smelt of the recovery boiler in a dissolving tank by conveying weak white liquor into the dissolving tank, [{'sub': 2', '4, 'the content of sodium sulphate (NaSO),'}, 'the content of sodium hydroxide (NaOH),', {'sub': '2', 'the content of sodium sulphide (NaS), and'}, {'sub': 2', '3, 'the content of sodium carbonate (NaCO)'}], 'measuring at least'}of the green liquor,{'sub': 2', '4', '2, 'controlling at least a process parameter of the recovery boiler by using the measured content of sodium sulphate (NaSO) and the measured content of sodium sulphide (NaS) to maximize the reduction of the recovery boiler and'}{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2', '3, 'at a first instance of time, controlling the flow of the weak white liquor into the dissolving tank by using the measured content of sodium sulphate (NaSO), the measured content of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the measured content of sodium sulphide ...

RECOVERING A CAUSTIC SOLUTION VIA CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTAL AGGREGATES

Techniques for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids such that the crystalline calcium carbonate solids include a volume of 0.0005 mmto 5 mm, include a slaker to react quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH)); a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer that encloses a solid bed mass and includes an input for a slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline solution and carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that include particles and an alkaline carbonate solution; a dewatering apparatus that includes an input coupled to the crystallizer and an output to discharge a plurality of separate streams that each include a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids and alkaline carbonate solution; and a seed transfer apparatus to deliver seed material into the crystallizer to maintain a consistent mass of seed material. 137-. (canceled)38. A system for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids in the presence of an alkaline carbonate solution such that each of at least portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids comprise a volume from about 0.0005 mmto about 5 mm , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a slaker configured to react quicklime (CaO) and a fluid that is substantially free from carbonate to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH));'}{'sup': 3', '3, 'a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer that encloses a solid bed mass and comprises an input for the slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline carbonate solution comprising between 0.1M to 4.0M hydroxide and between 0.1M to 4.1M carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that comprise particles each with a volume between about 0.0005 mmand about 5 mmand the alkaline carbonate solution;'}a dewatering apparatus that comprises an input coupled to the output of the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer and an output configured to discharge a plurality of separate streams ...

A method and a system for obtaining methanol from foul condensate of a pulping process

Embodiments herein relate to a system (200; 300; 400; 500) for obtaining methanol from foul condensate (101) of a pulping process. The system (200; 300; 400; 500) comprises a primary stripper (102) arranged to strip the foul condensate (101) from pollutants, whereby a first methanol-containing condensate is obtained from the polluted stripper off gases (SOGs). The system (200; 300; 400; 500) also comprises a first acidification unit (202) arranged to acidify the first methanol-containing condensate. Further, the system (200; 300; 400; 500) comprises a secondary stripper (204) arranged to strip the acidified first methanol-containing condensate from pollutants to obtain a second methanol-containing condensate, and a distillation column (107) arranged to distil the second methanol-containing condensate from the secondary stripper (204) so as to obtain methanol. Embodiments herein also relate to a method performed in a system (200; 300; 400; 500) for obtaining methanol from foul condensate (101) of a pulping process.

Method for separating lignin from black liquor

A method was developed for: a) improving the filterability of acid-precipitated lignin from kraft black liquors, b) increasing the dry solids content of the final lignin product, c) reducing the acid requirements and d) minimizing or eliminating TRS emissions during the acidification of black liquor to produce lignin and/or the subsequent suspension of the lignin in acid and/or the washing of the lignin with acid. No major difference in the chemical composition, MWD and main functional groups was found in the lignin of the present invention compared with lignins produced by conventional methods.

Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods and systems can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. The methods and systems can further include a further hydrotreatment step configured for additional lignin conversion and/or a further hydrotreatment step configured for generating hydrogen.

Multi-step process for the isolation of components from miscanthus

The invention relates to a process for the isolation of components from plant material of Miscanthus . The process comprises three subsequent extractions. The first extraction yields an extract comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of antioxidants, polyphenols, proteins, sterols, acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and aromatic compounds. Thereafter, the plant material is subjected to two extractions with a metal hydroxide (e.g. NaOH), the first performed at a lower pH than the second. These steps yield a sugar fraction and a lignin fraction, respectively. Finally, from the residue after the third extraction, cellulose is isolated.

Process and system for reducing ringing in lime kilns

This application discloses exemplary processes and systems for reducing mineral ring accumulation in calcination kiln. The processes and systems comprise inserting non-condensable gases (“NCGs”) in a preheating zone of a calcination kiln, upstream of the burner end. The pre -heating zone may be characterized by temperatures ranging from 1,300° F. to 1,750° F. The system may desirably comprise a plenum for inserting the NCGs into the rotating calcination kiln at the pre-heating zone.

Method for producing solid lignin

Lignin-rich starting material is suspended in a first medium, which is acidic and aqueous, to form a aqueous acidic suspension, which is heated and allowed to form two continuous phases, a thermoplastic lignin phase and an aqueous phase. The thermoplastic lignin phase is separated from the aqueous phase and passed through a shape giving process into a second medium which is at a temperature lower than that of the thermoplastic lignin phase and in which the thermoplastic lignin phase is essentially insoluble. Solid lignin formed in the second medium is recovered.

PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NANOCELLULOSE, AND COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREFROM

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites. 1. A nanocellulose composition comprising nanocrystalline cellulose with a cellulose crystallinity of about 80% or greater , wherein said nanocellulose composition contains lignin , and wherein said nanocrystalline cellulose is characterized by a nanometer-sized average nanocrystal particle length and a nanometer-sized average nanocrystal particle width.2. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said cellulose crystallinity is about 85% or greater.3. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is characterized by an average cellulose degree of polymerization from about 100 to about 1000.4. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is characterized by a cellulose degree of polymerization distribution having a single peak.5. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is not derived from tunicates.6. The ...

CHEMICAL EFFICIENCY INCREASE IN PAPERMAKING PROCESS

A method of increasing chemical efficiency of chemical additives in a papermaking system includes the steps of providing thick stock pulp comprising soluble lignin, process water, and at least about 2% by weight of cellulosic fiber based on total weight of thick stock pulp, and adding at least one laccase enzyme and at least one organic polymer to the thick stock pulp to reduce the amount of soluble lignin therein. The organic polymer is chosen from cationic polymers, non-ionic polymers and combinations thereof. 1. A method of increasing chemical efficiency of chemical additives in a papermaking system , said method comprising the steps of:providing thick stock pulp comprising soluble lignin, process water, and at least about 2% by weight of cellulosic fiber based on total weight of thick stock pulp, andadding at least one laccase enzyme and at least one organic polymer to the thick stock pulp to reduce the amount of soluble lignin therein;wherein the organic polymer is chosen from cationic polymers, non-ionic polymers and combinations thereof.2. The method of wherein the thick stock pulp comprises at least about 3% by weight of the cellulosic fibers based on a total weight of the thick stock pulp and wherein the cellulosic fibers are derived from NSSC pulp claim 1 , OCC pulp claim 1 , deinked pulp claim 1 , virgin fiber claim 1 , mechanical pulp claim 1 , unbleached Kraft pulp or combinations thereof.4. The method of wherein a molar percentage of B:C of the nonionic monomer to the cationic monomer of Formula II is about 99:1 to about 50:50.5. The method of wherein the organic polymer has the general formula III:{'br': None, '[—C—]'}wherein C is one or more different cationic repeat units formed after polymerization of one or more cationic monomers.6. The method of where the organic polymer is chosen from cationic polyacrylamides claim 1 , polyvinylamines claim 1 , polyethyleneimines claim 1 , diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymers claim 1 , trialkylamminoalkyl ( ...

Biomass fractionation processes employing sulfur dioxide

The present invention provides a process for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: contacting biomass with SO 2 , water, and optionally a first solvent, to produce intermediate solids; then contacting the intermediate solids with SO 2 , water, and a second solvent, to produce cellulose-rich solids and a liquid phase comprising hemicelluloses and lignin. The first concentration of SO 2 may be lower or higher than the second concentration of SO 2 . It is desirable to vary the SO 2 and solvent concentrations in different stages to optimize the removal of hemicellulose versus lignin. The resulting cellulose-rich material can contain very low hemicellulose, very low lignin, or both low hemicellulose and low lignin. High-purity cellulose is useful both for producing glucose as well as for cellulose products or derivatives. The hemicelluloses may be hydrolyzed to produce monomeric sugars, and the lignin may be recovered as a co-product.

METHOD FOR POLYSULFIDE PRODUCTION IN A KRAFT PULP MILL

The invention is related to improved polysulfide production process wherein a specific second filtration process (F) is installed before the polysulfide reactor (R). According to the inventive method a cross flow filter (F) is used as the second filtration process reaching astonishing low levels of residual solids in the white liquor as well as extended availability of the second filtration process. The subsequent polysulfide reactor, either in form of an electrolytic cell or in form of a bed of active carbon, could then also be operated at increased availability. The invention increases the production volume of polysulfide and the retentate from the cross filtering process may be bled out continuously to a process position ahead of a first filtering or clarification stage, capturing most of the increased content of lime mud particles in the retentate and causing less disturbance of the process with a minimum of tanks and pumps. 1. A method for producing an oxidized white liquor , for use in a kraft pulp mill which comprises the steps of:(a) feeding green liquor to a slaker, adding burnt lime to the green liquor, and passing the liquor from the slaker to a series of causticizing vessels;(b) withdrawing causticized liquor containing calcium carbonate from the series of causticizing vessels and passing the causticized liquor to a first filtering process to obtain an accept flow of white liquor with a first order of suspended solids measured in ppm and a reject flow of lime mud{'sub': '1', '(c) passing the accept flow of white liquor through a second filtering process to obtain a filtered white liquor with a second order of suspended solids measured in ppm, said second order of suspended solids being at least half the order as of the first order of suspended solids and below 5 ppm, said second filtering process comprising an essentially continuously operating cross flow filter, whereby a permeate passing through cross flow filter elements in the cross flow filter forms ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FINE FIBERS AND SHEET CONTAINING FINE FIBERS

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing fine fibers and a sheet containing fine fibers, whereby fiber refinement (fibrillating) of a fiber material is facilitated, freeness and dehydration performance of slurry containing fine fibers obtained after fiber refinement (fibrillating) is favorable and resistance to yellowing of the fine fibers is improved. The present invention provides a method for producing fine fibers, comprising at least the steps of: (a) introducing electrostatic and/or steric functional substituents into a fiber material to obtain substituent-introduced fibers; (b) subjecting the substituent-introduced fibers to mechanical treatment; and (c) eliminating some or all of introduced substituents from the substituent-introduced fine fibers obtained in step (b) to obtain fine fibers from which substituents have been eliminated. 1. A method for producing fine fibers , comprising at least the steps of:(a) introducing electrostatic and/or steric functional substituents into a fiber material to obtain substituent-introduced fibers;(b) subjecting the substituent-introduced fibers to mechanical treatment; and(c) eliminating some or all of introduced substituents from the substituent-introduced fine fibers obtained in step (b) to obtain fine fibers from which substituents have been eliminated.2. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic and/or steric functional substituents are phosphoric acid-derived groups and/or carboxylic acid-derived groups.3. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fine fibers have an average width of 2-1000 nm.4. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber material comprises hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups.5. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber material contains cellulose.6. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber ...

RECOVERING A CAUSTIC SOLUTION VIA CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTAL AGGREGATES

Techniques for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids such that the crystalline calcium carbonate solids include a volume of 0.0005 mmto 5 mm, include a slaker to react quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH)); a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer that encloses a solid bed mass and includes an input for a slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline solution and carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that include particles and an alkaline carbonate solution; a dewatering apparatus that includes an input coupled to the crystallizer and an output to discharge a plurality of separate streams that each include a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids and alkaline carbonate solution; and a seed transfer apparatus to deliver seed material into the crystallizer to maintain a consistent mass of seed material. 1. A method for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids in the presence of an alkaline carbonate solution in a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'reacting, in a slaking process, quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH));'}introducing the slurry of primarily slaked lime and an alkaline solution comprising between 0.1M to 4.0 M hydroxide and between 0.1 M to 4.1M carbonate into a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer comprising a bed of solid particles flowing the slurry of primarily slaked lime and the alkaline solution through the fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer to fluidize the bed of solid particles, the slurry of primarily slaked lime and the alkaline solution having a fluidization flow velocity within a range of 2 m/h to 70 m/h;{'sub': 2', '3, 'reacting the Ca(OH)slurry and the alkaline carbonate solution to deposit a portion of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO) onto the bed of solid particles; and'}discharging a portion of the bed of solid ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING LIGNIN WITH REDUCED AMOUNT OF ODOROUS SUBSTANCES

The present invention relates to a method of producing lignin with reduced amount of odorous substances comprising the steps of: i) providing a solid phase lignin containing starting material to be contacted with a water solution comprising alcohol; ii) dissolving at least guaiacol and etylguaiacol content from the lignin into the water solution, and iii) draining off the water solution with its content of guaiacol and etylguaiacol; iv) obtaining a lignin material with a reduced content guaiacol and etylguaiacol. The alcohol is preferably a C1-C4 alcohol, preferably ethanol. The invention also relates to a lignin product with reduced odour obtained and/or obtainable by the method and to the use of the obtained lignin as a component in polymer blends, an additive or filler in building materials, as binding agent in adhesives, and/or for the production of a carbon fibre, especially in indoor applications. 1. Method for treatment of lignin in order to reduce odour from the lignin characterized in that providing a solid phase lignin containing starting material to be contacted with a water solution comprising alcohol;', 'dissolving at least guaiacol and etylguaiacol content from the lignin into the water solution, and', 'draining off the water solution with its content of guaiacol and etylguaiacol;', 'obtaining a lignin material with a reduced content guaiacol and etylguaiacol., 'said method comprises the steps of2. A method according to wherein the lignin containing starting material has dry matter content above 50 (w/w) claim 1 , and a lignin content of this dry matter content exceeding 50% (w/w).3. A method according to wherein the lignin containing starting material is mixed with water and alcohol in any order of mixing claim 1 , and the resulting mixture is allowed to mature during a residence time of at least 5 minutes before draining off the water solution.4. A method according to wherein the lignin containing starting material is a filter cake subjected to a ...

DYNAMIC MIXING ASSEMBLY WITH IMPROVED BAFFLE DESIGN

A continuous dynamic mixing assembly includes a mixing chamber having an interior wall which is generally symmetrical about a central longitudinal axis. Flowable material is mixed in the mixing chamber. At least one inlet introduces the flowable material into the mixing chamber. At least one outlet discharges mixed flowable material from the mixing chamber. Axial baffles are connected to and extend along the interior wall for disrupting substantially circumferential material flow in the mixing chamber. Transverse baffles are connected to and extend from the interior wall transverse to the axis along a major dimension of the transverse baffles. A rotatable agitator includes agitator baffles extending transverse to the axis in alignment with respective transverse baffles, which forms gaps between the agitator baffles and the respective transverse baffles. The transverse baffles and the agitator baffles disrupt substantially axial fluid flow inside the mixing chamber while forcing the material through the gaps. Also featured is a method in which the mixing assembly is used. 1. A continuous dynamic mixing assembly , comprising:a mixing chamber having an interior wall which is substantially symmetrical about a central longitudinal axis;at least one inlet for introducing flowable material into said mixing chamber;axial baffles connected to the interior wall and extending along said axis along a length of said axial baffles, which disrupt substantially circumferential fluid flow in said mixing chamber;transverse baffles extending from the interior wall transverse to said axis along a major dimension of said transverse baffles; anda rotatable agitator including agitator baffles extending transverse to said axis at locations in alignment with respective said transverse baffles, forming gaps between said agitator baffles and said respective transverse baffles;wherein said transverse baffles and said agitator baffles are adapted to disrupt substantially axial fluid flow in ...

Process for treating lignin

A process for recovery of lignin from black liquor that contains either soluble or dispersed lignin by generating a “liquid lignin” at high yield is disclosed. Soluble lignin at a high pH is precipitated by reducing the pH of the black liquor stream by countercurrent reaction with carbon dioxide, at elevated temperature and pressure, creating a heavy lignin-rich phase and a light lignin-depleted phase. The heavy lignin-rich phase is separated and washed countercurrently with a non-sulfur containing acid, such as acetic acid, to displace metal cations from the lignin, creating a low-salt lignin, which is then formed into a low-dust, high-bulk density lignin fuel pellet. If desired, an oxidation step may be used to eliminate odor for lignins having high value green chemistry applications.

PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LEVULINIC ACID

The invention relates to a process for the isolation of levulinic acid from an organic solution, comprising washing said organic solution with an alkaline aqueous stream to yield a washed organic solution; subjecting the washed organic solution to a distillation to yield a distillate and a distillation residue; and recovering levulinic acid from the distillate or the residue. This process may result in high yields of levulinic acid. 114-. (canceled)15. A process for separating levulinic acid from a composition , comprising:contacting a biomass hydrolysate comprising levulinic acid with a solvent comprising methyl tetrahydrofuran to produce an aqueous phase and an organic phase comprising the levulinic acid and the solvent;separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase;washing the organic phase with an alkaline aqueous stream to produce a washed organic phase and a spent washing water;distilling the washed organic phase to produce a distillate and a distillation residue; andseparating levulinic acid from at least one of the distillate and the distillation residue.16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the alkaline aqueous stream comprises a liquor stream from a paper plant.17. The process of claim 15 , wherein water is added to the washed organic phase prior to or during distillation of the washed organic phase.18. The process of claim 15 , wherein the alkaline aqueous stream comprises a liquor stream from a paper plant claim 15 , and wherein water is added to the washed organic phase prior to or during distillation of the washed organic phase.19. The process of claim 15 , further comprising contacting the biomass hydrolysate and the solvent with the spent washing water to produce the aqueous phase and the organic phase.20. The process of claim 15 , wherein the biomass hydrolysate further comprises at least one of formic acid and acetic acid.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the organic phase comprises about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of levulinic acid claim 20 ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SOLVENT PURIFICATION

A method including: (a) contacting lime with an extract including an S1 solvent carrying a contaminant load to form a lime treated extract; and (b) reducing the contaminant load by removing solids. 161-. (canceled)62. A method comprising:(a) contacting an extractant comprising S1 solvent carrying a contaminant load from an industrial process with lime to form a lime treated portion;(b) separating lime from the lime treated portion to form an extractant comprising S1 solvent carrying a reduced contaminant load; and(c) re-using the S1 solvent with the reduced contaminant load in the industrial process.63. The method of claim 62 , wherein the industrial process comprises acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic substrate.64. The method of claim 62 , wherein the industrial process comprises treating at least one of an acid hydrolyzate of a lignocellulosic substrate or a lignin composition with an extractant comprising S1 solvent.65. The method of claim 62 , wherein the contacting has a duration of at least 1 minute.66. The method of claim 62 , wherein the separating comprises one or more of filtering claim 62 , centrifuging claim 62 , settling claim 62 , and decanting.67. The method of claim 62 , wherein the S1 solvent is selected from the group consisting of an alcohol claim 62 , a ketone claim 62 , and an aldehyde having at least 5 carbon atoms claim 62 , or a combination thereof.68. The method of claim 62 , wherein the S1 solvent is an organic solvent having an aqueous solubility of less than 15% by weight.69. The method of claim 62 , wherein the S1 solvent comprises an alcohol.70. The method of claim 69 , wherein the S1 solvent is hexanol or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.71. The method of claim 62 , wherein the contaminant load comprises one or more impurities selected from the group consisting of a mineral acid claim 62 , an organic acid claim 62 , an alkyl chloride claim 62 , an alkyl acetate claim 62 , a phenol claim 62 , an aldehyde claim 62 , furfural claim 62 , ...

Method and equipment for measuring the filter sectors in disc filters

The method and equipment relates to the measurement of deflections of filter sectors in a disc filter. The filter discs in the disc filter are constituted by a number of filter sectors, and the distance between a position fixed relative to the filter, most commonly the scraper itself, and the filter surface is conventionally measured by manual measurement methods. The equipment is instead used that has a measuring head with a quick-release coupling for its mounting fixed in the filter, and a position sensor in the measuring head that measures the distance between the measurement arrangement and the surface of the filter disc in order to form momentary measurement results. The momentary measurement results are transferred by a data transfer link from the measurement arrangement to a data collection unit PC that has a memory.

RECOVER OF INORGANIC CHEMICALS OF THE PULP AND PAPER MAKING PROCESSES USING MICROWAVES AND RELATED TECHNIQUES

There is described a process for the recovering of inorganic chemicals of pulp and paper making processes (IC) and the production of biochemicals from black liquor (BL) using microwaves (MW) comprising: (a) filtration of BL to produce filtered BL, in a media, (b) drying of said filtered BL with MW in said media to produce dried BL, (c) pyrolysis of said dried BL with MW in said media to produce bio-oil, biogas, and solid residue, (d) recovering of said bio-oil, and (e) recovering of IC and biocarbon from said solid residue. The disclosed process does not require chemical additives compared to processes rely on precipitation of lignin to recover said IC. The disclosed process supports efficient, direct, and long-lasting reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollutants resulting from the current processes rely on burning BL in recovery boilers to recover said IC. 1. A process for the recovering of inorganic chemicals of pulp and paper making processes (IC) and the production of biochemicals from black liquor (BL) using microwaves (MW) comprising:(a) filtration of BL to produce filtered BL, in a media,(b) drying of said filtered BL with MW in said media to produce dried BL,(c) pyrolysis of said dried BL with MW in said media to produce bio-oil, biogas, and solid residue,(d) recovering of said bio-oil, in a condensation system operating at a temperature about dew point of compounds to be recovered, and(e) recovering of IC and biocarbon from said solid residue.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said drying is performed for a time sufficient to allow generation of heat claim 1 , providing thermal drying at a temperature depends on characteristics of said filtered BL claim 1 , and or any other factors (for example claim 1 , about 105° C.).3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein said drying is performed through absorption of MW by said filtered BL claim 2 , water content in said filtered BL claim 2 , and or said media; wherein said filtered BL ...

METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF SPENT PULPING LIQUOR FOR THE REMOVAL AND PRODUCTION OF A LIGNIN CONTAINING PRODUCT

The present invention describes a method for the treatment of spent pulping liquor for the removal and production of organic substances rich in lignin and recovering or recycling of aqueous cooking chemicals to pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle, said method comprising passing a spent pulping liquor flow from a digester or an evaporator, DF or from any other step in between the digester and the evaporator, through a filtration step in which the flow is separated into one aqueous stream comprising cooking chemicals being recovered or recycled and one stream concentrated with the respect of organic substances; passing the stream concentrated with respect of organic substances either to a lignin depolymerisation step for the production of liquid and pumpable depolymerised lignin or passing the stream concentrated with respect to organic substances to a subsequent filtration step in which an aqueous solution is added and further treatments in order to produce a solid lignin containing product. 149-. (canceled)50. A method for the production of a stream of depolymerised lignin in liquid form by the treatment of a kraft spent cooking liquor (black liquor) comprising lignin and spent kraft cooking chemicals , said method comprising:a′) passing black liquor to one or more separation steps wherein the black liquor is divided into one or more aqueous alkaline streams comprising cooking chemicals and into one or more streams concentrated with respect to lignin;a″) recycling cooking chemicals to a pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle;b) passing or pumping a stream concentrated with respect to lignin from step a′ into a lignin depolymerisation step comprising one or more depolymerisation reactors in order to produce a stream of depolymerised lignin;c) further treating the stream of depolymerised lignin from step b) in one or more acidulation steps, extraction steps and/or separation steps in order to produce a depolymerised lignin product, substantially free from spent cooking ...

METHOD FOR RECOVERING HYDROLYSATE

The method is for producing pulp. More particularly, a displacement batch cooking process comprises recovery of a first treatment liquid by draining of the digester, preferably not using a displacement liquid. The method may preferably be used in a prehydrolysis step, wherein the recovery of the by-products is improved. In the recovery step, after the target P-factor in the prehydrolysis stage is reached, the hydrolysate is withdrawn by draining in at least one phase obtaining a strong first liquid and thereafter any residual hydrolysate may be displaced. 1. A method for recovering a first treatment liquid in a displacement batch pulping process in a digester filled with comminuted cellulosic material and equipped with a bottom , a top and a middle liquid exchange position , said method comprising: after filling the digester with a first treatment liquid during or after the prehydrolyzing step the first liquid contained in the digester is subjected to circulation within the digester by withdrawing first liquid from middle liquid exchange position and reintroduction to top and bottom of digester such that the first liquid volume passes the chip volume at least 1 time, and washing out the carbohydrates dissolved in the hydrolysate;', 'draining of the first treatment liquid from the digester via one of the middle or bottom liquid exchange positions in at least a first draining phase obtaining a strong first liquid; and', 'sending at least a part of the strong first liquid to a dedicated processing position either for use in a different phase of the batch pulping process or for further processing wherein at least a part of the content of the strong first liquid is used for recovering bi-products., 'filling the digester with a first treatment liquid during or after a steam prehydrolyzing step wherein the process continues by,'}2. The method for recovering a first treatment liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the first treatment liquid is used during prehydrolysis of ...

Methods of washing cellulose-rich solids from biomass fractionation to reduce lignin and ash content

The present invention provides a process for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: digesting a biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, an acid, and water, to produce cellulose-rich solids; separating and washing the cellulose-rich solids with a wash solvent; washing the cellulose-rich solids with water, to generate washed cellulose-rich solids and a wash liquor comprising fines, wherein the wash liquor is introduced to or in contact with a classifier to remove the fines; and separating the fines and recycling the remaining water. The classifier may include a screen with mesh size in the range of 10 to 500, such as 200. The washed cellulose-rich solids will typically have a lower Kappa number (lignin content) and ash content compared to cellulose-rich solids from a process without a classifier that removes fines.

PROCESS AND A DISSOLVING PULP MANUFACTURED BY THE PROCESS

The invention relates to processes for manufacturing pulp and more specifically to improved processes for manufacturing dissolving pulp. The processes have primarily been developed to be used in connection with large scale kraft processes, i.e. they have been designed to be incorporated into a plant. A liquor derivable from the process and comprising xylan, lignin, alkali and water is also disclosed as well as a dissolving pulp produced by the process. 1. A process for manufacturing dissolving pulp comprising the steps of:a) selecting a wood based raw material, said wood based raw material having a xylan content of from 12 weight % or more;b) adding a cooking liquor comprising white and/or black liquor to the wood based raw material;c) digesting the wood based raw material composition obtained from step b) in a kraft cooking process;d) oxygen delignifying the pulp obtained from step c);e) adding industrial white liquor with high ionic strength to the pulp obtained from step d) wherein said pulp has a xylan content of 8 weight % or more and wherein the temperature is lowered and kept at 65° C. or lower for 5 minutes or more and wherein the alkali concentration in the liquid phase of the obtained pulp suspension is in the range of 70 g/l to 100 g/l; andf) removing 90% or more of the alkali and dissolved xylan as a liquor flow from the pulp obtained from step e) by dewatering the pulp; andg) subjecting the pulp to washing and pressing in a washing press device 1-5 times.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said white liquor comprises NaCO claim 1 , NaHS and NaOH.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said white liquor added in step e) has a suspended solids content of 20 mg/l or less.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said white liquor has a combined Na and K concentration of from 3 to 5 mol/l claim 1 , OH concentration of from 2.25 to 3.5 mol/l claim 1 , HSconcentration of from 0.2 to 1.0 mol/l claim 1 , and a COconcentration of from 0.10 to ...

Sand separator vessel perforated replaceable insert apparatus and method

A perforated replaceable insert for a sand separator vessel in a digester feed system where the perforations have at least a width and a length. The perforations are aligned columns and rows, with the columns being positioned to be parallel to a line formed by the tangent of the conical axis.

METHODS FOR SEPARATING AND REFINING LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

The invention relates methods and processes for the separation and refining of lignin from spent cooking liquor, called black liquor, present in industrial chemical plants, and compositions thereof. A process is provided for separating black liquor into at least two, three, or four streams selected from: (i) a gaseous stream comprising volatile sulfur compounds; (ii) a lignin-comprising stream produced by extracting lignin into a limited solubility solvent S; (iii) a salt stream, comprising solid sodium and sulfate salts; and (iv) a salt-depleted and lignin-depleted aqueous stream comprising hydrocarbons. 1. A process for separating black liquor into at least two , three , or four streams selected from:(i) a gaseous stream comprising volatile sulfur compounds;{'b': '1', '(ii) a lignin-comprising stream produced by extracting lignin into a limited-solubility solvent S;'}(iii) a salt stream, comprising solid sodium and sulfate salts; and(iv) a salt-depleted and lignin-depleted aqueous stream comprising hydrocarbons.2. A process for refining lignin from black liquor , the process comprising the steps of:{'b': '1', '(i) contacting black liquor with a limited-solubility solvent S, thereby forming a solution;'}{'sub': '2', '(ii) neutralizing the solution by addition of CO;'}(iii) separating precipitated salt from the solution;(iv) further acidifying the solution with mineral acid to a pH of at least 0.5 to at most 3.0;{'b': '1', '(v) separating the solution into a solvent S phase and an aqueous phase; and'}{'b': '1', '(vi) removing ash from the solvent S phase by contacting with a strong acid cation exchange resin;'}{'b': '1', 'thereby obtaining a refined solution of lignin in the solvent S phase.'}3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising one claim 2 , two claim 2 , three or four additional step(s) selected from:{'b': 1', '1, '(i) distilling or flash evaporating the solvent S phase, thereby removing the bulk of the limited-solubility solvent S to obtain a solid ...

A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR ADJUSTING PH OF GREEN LIQUOR DREGS

The specification relates to a method and a system for adjusting pH of green liquor dregs. The method comprises contacting a slurry containing green liquor dregs () with flue gas (). The system comprises a recovery boiler () configured to burn black liquor to produce smelt, a smelt dissolving tank () configured to dissolve the smelt to produce green liquor comprising green liquor dregs, and a green liquor clarifier/filter () and/or a dregs filter () configured to separate a slurry containing green liquor dregs () from the green liquor. The system further comprises a vessel () configured to receive a slurry containing green liquor dregs () and a gas inlet () configured to convey flue gas () to be contacted with the slurry containing green liquor dregs (). 114-. (canceled)15. A method for adjusting pH of green liquor dregs , the method comprising:{'b': 100', '200', '300', '400', '500', '101', '201', '301', '401', '501, 'contacting a slurry containing green liquor dregs (, , , , ) with flue gas (, , , , ),'} [{'b': 100', '200', '300', '400', '500', '103', '104', '100', '200', '300', '400', '500, 'the slurry containing green liquor dregs (, , , , ) originates from a green liquor clarifier/filter () and/or a dregs filter () configured to separate the slurry containing green liquor dregs (, , , , ) from green liquor,'}, {'b': 100', '200', '300', '400', '500, 'a dry solids content of the slurry containing green liquor dregs (, , , , ) is from 1 to 40 wt. %,'}, {'b': 101', '201', '301', '401', '501, 'the flue gas (, , , , ) contains carbon dioxide, and'}, {'b': 101', '201', '301', '401', '501, 'a pH of the green liquor dregs after contacting with the flue gas (, , , , ) is between 7-9.'}], 'wherein16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein a temperature of the slurry containing green liquor dregs is at most 150° C. and a temperature of the flue gas is at most 400° C.17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein a dry solids content of the slurry containing green liquor ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A BIO-PRODUCT

It is disclosed a process for producing a bio-product from a ligno-cellulosic biomass, wherein the ligno-cellulosic biomass, a gas and steam are introduced in a pressurized reactor operated in a continuous manner at conditions to have a vapor head space. In the pressurized reactor, the vapor head space is maintained at a vapor head space temperature and at a pressure which is at least 1 bar greater than a pure steam equilibrium pressure at the vapor head space temperature. The ligno-cellulosic biomass is then refined by rapidly releasing the pressure while discharging the ligno-cellulosic biomass from the pressurized reactor assembly to create a pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass, which is then hydrolyzed and converted to the bio-product. Preferably, at least a portion of the gas is air entrapped in the ligno-cellulosic biomass and it is introduced into the pressurized reactor as part of the ligno-cellulosic biomass. In a preferred embodiment, the lignocellulosic biomass is subjected to a soaking step and an aeration step prior to being introduced into the pressurized reactor, without any xylans separation step. 111-. (canceled)12. A process for producing a bio-product from a ligno-cellulosic biomass comprised of a total amount of xylans , a total amount of glucans , a total amount of lignin , and water , wherein the process comprises the steps of:a. introducing the ligno-cellulosic biomass, a total amount of gas, and steam into a pressurized reactor of a pressurized reactor assembly operated in a continuous manner at conditions to have a vapor head space in the pressurized reactor, wherein a portion of the steam condenses on the ligno-cellulosic biomass with the pressurized reactor;b. maintaining the ligno-cellulosic biomass in the pressurized reactor at a ligno-cellulosic biomass pressure greater than 10 bar for a residence time from 0.5 minutes to 120 minutes, at a vapor head space temperature in a range of 130° C. to 230° C., wherein the ligno-cellulosic ...

CONTINUOUS DIGESTER AND FEEDING SYSTEM

One embodiment provides an apparatus for cooking lignocellulosic material, comprising a pressurizable, inclined top separator including a sluicing liquor inlet for receiving a sluicing mixture comprising impregnated lignocellulosic material and sluicing liquor, a hot black liquor inlet, an excess liquor outlet, and an impregnated lignocellulosic material outlet; a continuous digester vessel including an impregnated lignocellulosic material inlet in communication with the impregnated lignocellulosic material outlet, and a warm black liquor outlet; and a black liquor circulation and heating loop including a warm black liquor inlet in communication with said warm black liquor outlet, a heater for heating warm black liquor to produce hot black liquor, and a hot black liquor outlet in communication with said hot black liquor inlet. Methods of making and using the apparatus are also provided. 1. An apparatus for cooking lignocellulosic material , comprising:a pressurizable, inclined top separator including a sluicing liquor inlet for receiving a sluicing mixture comprising impregnated lignocellulosic material and sluicing liquor, a hot black liquor inlet, an excess liquor outlet, and an impregnated lignocellulosic material outlet;a continuous digester vessel including an impregnated lignocellulosic material inlet in communication with the impregnated lignocellulosic material outlet, and a warm black liquor outlet; anda black liquor circulation and heating loop including a warm black liquor inlet in communication with said warm black liquor outlet, a heater for heating warm black liquor to produce hot black liquor, and a hot black liquor outlet in communication with said hot black liquor inlet.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inclined top separator further comprises one or more of a screen or screw and is adapted to separate impregnated lignocellulosic material from at least a portion of sluicing liquor.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inclined top ...

A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN UPGRADED BIO-OIL FROM BLACK LIQUOR

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing an upgraded bio-oil derived from black liquor, comprising the following steps: —Providing black liquor, which comes from the pulp and paper manufacturing industry; —Subjecting black liquor to a pyrolysis treatment with formation of a pyrolyzed black liquor gas and a solid mass, which comprises char and salts; —Catalytic conversion of said pyrolyzed black liquor gas by contacting at least part of the latter with a bi-metallic modified zeolite catalyst with formation of the upgraded bio-oil, which comprises benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), naphthalene and non-BTX products. 1. A process for manufacturing an upgraded bio-oil derived from a black liquor , comprising the following steps:providing the black liquor;subjecting the black liquor to a pyrolysis treatment and forming a pyrolyzed black liquor gas and a solid mass wherein the solid mass; comprises char and salts;forming the upgraded bio-oil, which comprises benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), naphthalene, and non-BTX products, through catalytic conversion of the pyrolyzed black liquor gas by contacting at least part of the pyrolyzed black liquor gas with a bi-metallic modified zeolite catalyst.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a first metal and a second metal are incorporated into said catalyst.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said first metal is a transition metal selected from Group IIB of the periodic table and wherein said second metal consists of:a. one metallic element selected from the Lanthanide series of the periodic table having an atomic number ranging from 57 to 60; orb. a transition metal of Group IB of the periodic table; orc. a transition metal of Group VIB of the periodic table.4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein said support catalyst has a silica alumina molar ratio from 5 to 300.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the support catalyst has an internal pore size distribution in the range of 4.5 to ...

HYDROPHOBIC NANOCELLULOSE-COATED PAPER AND PAPERBOARD

In some variations, the present invention provides an oil-resistant paperboard material coated with hydrophobic nanocellulose. The paperboard material is free of a fluorocarbon coating. In other variations, an oil-resistant paper is coated with hydrophobic nanocellulose and is free of a fluorocarbon coating. The hydrophobic nanocellulose may include lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils, lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals, or a combination thereof. A process for producing these materials is also provided, comprising: fractionating a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin, wherein a portion of the lignin deposits onto a surface of the cellulose-rich solids, thereby rendering the cellulose-rich solids at least partially hydrophobic; mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form hydrophobic nanocellulose; and coating a paper or paperboard material with the hydrophobic nanocellulose, to generate an oil-resistant paper or paperboard material. 1. An oil-resistant paperboard material , wherein said paperboard material is at least partially coated with hydrophobic nanocellulose , and wherein said paperboard material is essentially free of a fluorocarbon coating.2. The paperboard material of claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic nanocellulose comprises lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils.3. The paperboard material of claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic nanocellulose comprises lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals.4. The paperboard material of claim 1 , wherein said paperboard material includes a first amount of lignin containing a first degree of sulfonation and a second amount of lignin containing a second degree of sulfonation claim 1 , wherein said first degree of sulfonation is lower than said second degree of sulfonation.5. The paperboard material of claim 4 , wherein said first amount of lignin is present in a lignin coating on ...

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF LIGNIN

A process for depolymerization of lignin, the process including using at least one catalyst internal to a pulp mill for performing catalytic treatment and separation of biomass components into cellulose and lignin rich material is provided. 119-. (canceled)20. A process for depolymerization of lignin , the process comprising:utilizing at least one catalyst internal to a pulp mill, the at least one catalyst occurring naturally in the pulp mill, for performing catalytic treatment and separation of biomass components into cellulose and lignin rich material;utilizing green liquor dregs or electrofilter ash as source of extraction for one or more of the catalyst components Co, Mo, Mn, Fe, Mg, W, Cd, As, Cu, Cr, Nb, Ni, Pd, Zn, Sr or V;wherein the process is performed on a black liquor or black liquor retentate obtained from a kraft process;wherein the process comprises utilizing one or more of the following substances; Fe, Mg, W, Cd, As, Cu, Cr, Nb, Ni, Pd, Zn, Sr and V, in levels higher than naturally occurring in weak black liquor.21. The process according to claim 20 , further comprising utilizing one or more of the following substances; Co claim 20 , Mo and Mn claim 20 , in levels higher than naturally occurring in weak black liquor.22. The process according to claim 20 , further comprising utilizing hydrogen or hydrogen donors in support of depolymerization claim 20 , the depolymerization performed in an aqueous phase of black liquor or black liquor retentate in a presence of alkali and/or in a presence of a solvent.23. The process according to claim 20 , the process utilizing separation of a lignin-rich organic phase from an aqueous phase forming spontaneously upon hydrogen assisted heat treatment at 250-360° C.24. The process according to claim 20 , the process utilizing separation of a lignin-rich organic phase from an aqueous phase claim 20 , the separation forming spontaneously upon hydrogen assisted heat treatment at 300-350° C.25. The process according to ...

RENEWABLE AROMATICS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC LIGNIN

The present invention provides novel and improved processes for treating a lignocellulosic biomass or technical lignin using ionic liquids to obtain lignin breakdown products and polysaccharide biomass components. Recycling of ionic liquids can be included in the methods of the invention. 1. A method comprising:(i) contacting a starting material containing lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, or a mixture thereof with an ionic liquid to generate a solubilized material;(ii) precipitating at least a fraction of the solubilized material with a precipitant to generate a precipitated fraction and a supernatant;(iii) separating the precipitated fraction from the supernatant;(iv) combining the separated supernatant with a solvent that promotes phase separation of the ionic liquid and the precipitant; and(v) isolating the ionic liquid.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the precipitant.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reusing the ionic liquid claim 1 , the precipitant claim 1 , or the ionic liquid and the precipitant.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of [Cmim][OAc] claim 1 , EMIM Cl claim 1 , EMIM HOSO claim 1 , EMIM MeOSO claim 1 , EMIM EtOSO claim 1 , EMIM MeSO claim 1 , EMIM AlCl claim 1 , EMIM SCN claim 1 , BMIM Acetate claim 1 , BMIM Cl claim 1 , BMIM HOSO claim 1 , BMIM MeSO claim 1 , BMIM MeOSO claim 1 , BMIM AlCl claim 1 , BMIM SCN claim 1 , EDIM EtOSO claim 1 , MTEOA MeOSO claim 1 , MIM Cl claim 1 , MIM HOSO claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,4-trimethylpyrazolium methylsulfate claim 1 , tributylmethylammonium methylsulfate claim 1 , choline acetate claim 1 , and choline salicylate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is [Cmim][OAc].6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitant is selected from the group consisting of octanol claim 1 , hexanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...