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Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 1734. Отображено 100.
26-01-2012 дата публикации

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

Номер: US20120017891A1
Автор: Darrell M. Waite, Hemant P. Pendse, James St. Pierre, Richard Arnold, William H. Ceckler
Принадлежит: Red Shield Acquisition LLC, University of Maine System

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning includes a first evaporator receives a hardwood mix extract and outputting a quantity of vapor and extract. A hydrolysis unit receives the extract, hydrolyzes and outputs to a lignin separation device, which separates and recovers a quantity of lignin. A neutralization device receives extract from the lignin separation device and a neutralizing agent, producing a mixture of solid precipitate and a fifth extract. The solid precipitate is removed from the fifth extract. A second evaporator removes a quantity of acid from the fifth extract in a vapor form. This vapor may be recycled to improve total acid recovery or discarded. A desalination device receives the diluted extract, separates out some of the acid and salt and outputs a desalinated solution.

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Номер записи: 1
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Method for obtaining cellulose from biomass comprising lignocellulose

Номер: US20120132379A1
Автор: Andreas Kreipl, Rudolf Patt
Принадлежит: Zylum Beteiligungs GmbH and Co Patente II KG

The invention relates to a method for obtaining cellulose by separating lignin from a biomass comprising lignocellulose in the form of plants or plant parts, wherein the biomass comprising lignocellulose is solubilized in a boiler in an alkaline medium comprising alkanol amine, and dissolved lignin is separated from the resulting raw cellulose. Said method is characterized in that the biomass comprising lignocellulose is not from a wood source, and is solubilized at a temperature of less than approximately 170° C. in a solubilizing agent based on alkanol amine and water, wherein the weight ratio of alkanol amine to water is set to 80:20 to 20:80, and raw cellulose thus produced is separated from the waste lye using a typical method. Said method is particularly advantageous for obtaining cellulose from annual plants, particularly wheat straw. The method is advantageously improved in that the solubilization takes place in the presence of a catalyst, particularly of anthrachinon. An advantageous bleaching process may be performed subsequently. Said method is characterized by great economic efficiency, particularly due to the high reclamation rates of the alkanol amine used, and leads to lower environmental impact in wastewater, and to reduced disposal costs. The design of the method leads to a greater yield of cellulose and largely prevents degradation of alkanol amine, particularly monoethanol amine (MEA).

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Номер записи: 2
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Lignin Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Номер: US20120282467A1
Автор: Kiran Kadam, Krishnan V. Iyer, Michel A. Simard
Принадлежит: Renmatix Inc

Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.

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Номер записи: 3
22-11-2012 дата публикации

Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin from Biomass Using Supercritical Fluids

Номер: US20120291774A1
Автор: Kiran L. Kadam, Srinivas Kilambi
Принадлежит: Renmatix Inc

Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor.

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Номер записи: 4
30-05-2013 дата публикации

Biomasses for the production of alternative petrochemical feedstock

Номер: US20130134351A1
Автор: Christopher Francis Bathurst
Принадлежит: BHT GLOBAL HOLDINGS Ltd

Systems and methods for the recomposition and conversion of biomasses to alternative petrochemical feedstock are herein disclosed. According to one embodiment, a process involves reducing the particle size of at least one constituent of a biomass feedstock, removing at least one constituent from the biomass feedstock and adding at least one constituent to the biomass feedstock.

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Номер записи: 5
08-08-2013 дата публикации

Novel method to product microcellulose

Номер: US20130203981A1
Автор: Kari Parviainen, Kari Vanhatalo, Olli Dahl
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising hydrolyzing fibrous cellulosic material with an acid at an elevated temperature or acidifying fibrous cellulosic material followed by washing and hydrolyzing the washed cellulosic material at an elevated temperature to produce a microcellulose-hydrolysate mixture followed by separation of the microcellulose from the hydrolysate, wherein the mixture or separated hydrolysate or microcellulose is optionally neutralized, and wherein the microcellulose production is integrated to production of a pulp mill such that at least part of chemicals used in the acidification, acid hydrolysis and/or neutralization is produced by an integrated chemical recovery process of the pulp mill.

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Номер записи: 6
29-08-2013 дата публикации

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

Номер: US20130220815A1
Автор: Amy Elizabeth Luce, Darrell M. Waite, Hernant P. Pendse, James St. Pierre, Richard Arnold, Rino P. Dumont, William H. Ceckler
Принадлежит: Amy Elizabeth Luce, Darrell M. Waite, Hernant P. Pendse, James St. Pierre, Richard Arnold, Rino P. Dumont, William H. Ceckler

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning is provided. The system includes a first evaporator, a hydrolysis unit, at least one lignin separation device, a neutralization device, a precipitate removal device, a solvent extraction unit, a lignin removal and recovery unit, an acid and furfural separation and conditioning unit, and an electrodialysis device, which process a quantity of hardwood mix to produce a desalinated solution containing sugar.

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Номер записи: 7
06-03-2014 дата публикации

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

Номер: US20140060520A1
Автор: Arnold Richard, Ceckler William H., Pendse Hemant P., St. Pierre James, Waite Darrell
Принадлежит:

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning includes a first evaporator receives a hardwood mix extract and outputting a quantity of vapor and extract. A hydrolysis unit receives the extract, hydrolyzes and outputs to a lignin separation device, which separates and recovers a quantity of lignin. A neutralization device receives extract from the lignin separation device and a neutralizing agent, producing a mixture of solid precipitate and a fifth extract. The solid precipitate is removed from the fifth extract. A second evaporator removes a quantity of acid from the fifth extract in a vapor form. This vapor may be recycled to improve total acid recovery or discarded. A desalination device receives the diluted extract, separates out some of the acid and salt and outputs a desalinated solution. 1. A hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning system comprising:a first evaporator receiving a first extract derived from a quantity of hardwood mix and outputting a first quantity of vapor and a second extract;a hydrolysis unit positioned to receive the second extract and output a third extract;at least one lignin separation device positioned to receive the third extract from the hydrolysis unit, wherein the lignin separation device separates and recovers a quantity of lignin from the third extract and outputs a fourth extract;a pH adjusting device positioned to receive a fourth extract, the pH adjusting device having a neutralizing agent input, wherein the pH adjusting device adjusts a pH of the fourth extract to form a quantity of solid precipitate and a fifth extract;a precipitate removal device positioned to receive the quantity of solid precipitate and the fifth extract from the pH adjusting device, wherein precipitate removal device separates the quantity of solid precipitate from the fifth;a second evaporator positioned to receive the fifth extract, wherein the second evaporator removes a first quantity of acid from the fifth extract, ...

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Номер записи: 8
10-04-2014 дата публикации

Processes for producing cellulose pulp, sugars, and co-products from lignocellulosic biomass

Номер: US20140096923A1
Автор: Steven R. RUTHERFORD, Theodora Retsina, Vesa Pylkkanen
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars.

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Номер записи: 9
06-01-2022 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREPARING FLAVORFUL COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND PRODUCTS INCORPORATING THE FLAVORFUL COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20220000168A1
Автор: Dube Michael Francis, Gerardi Anthony Richard, Junker Christopher
Принадлежит:

A method of isolating compounds from a tobacco-derived black liquor, including receiving a black liquor from a pulping process of an input material comprising a plant of the species, treating the black liquor with an acid to lower the pH of the black liquor to about 7 or lower in order to produce a precipitate and an acidified black liquor, separating the precipitate and the acidified black liquor, extracting the acidified black liquor with an organic solvent in order to produce an organic layer extract and an aqueous layer extract, and separating the organic layer extract and the aqueous layer extract. 122-. (canceled)23. A tobacco product comprising a flavorant compound , the flavorant compound being in the form of an organic extract of a tobacco-derived black liquor.24. The tobacco product of claim 23 , wherein the flavor compound is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid claim 23 , 3 claim 23 ,5-dimethylcyclopentenolone claim 23 , corylone claim 23 , guaiacol claim 23 , 4-vinyl-2-methylphenol claim 23 , vanillin claim 23 , 2 claim 23 ,6-dimethoxyphenol claim 23 , acetovanillone claim 23 , syringaldehyde claim 23 , acetosyringone claim 23 , and combinations thereof.25. The tobacco product of claim 23 , wherein the tobacco product is a smoking article.26. The tobacco product of claim 23 , wherein the tobacco product is a smokeless tobacco product. The present invention relates to products made or derived from tobacco, or that otherwise incorporate tobacco or components of tobacco. Of particular interest are ingredients or components obtained or derived from a plant of the species.Cigarettes, cigars and pipes are popular smoking articles that employ tobacco in various forms. Such smoking articles are used by heating or burning tobacco, and aerosol (e.g., smoke) is inhaled by the smoker. Tobacco also may be enjoyed in a so-called “smokeless” form. Particularly popular smokeless tobacco products are employed by inserting some form of processed tobacco or ...

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Номер записи: 10
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Biomass Process Optimisation

Номер: US20160002850A1
Автор: Anderson Nigel Donald, Day Kenneth John Coryton, Drage Geoffrey Nicholas, Gates Malcolm Gilbert, Leahy Patrick, McGarel-Groves Anthony Robin
Принадлежит:

There is described a method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of: (i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry; (ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pretreatment step; and (iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water. 1. A method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of:(i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry;(ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pre-treatment step; and(iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water.2. A method according to wherein the processing of biomass comprises the digestion of the biomass material.3. A method according to wherein the processing of biomass comprises the pre-treatment of the biomass material.4. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is from about 0.01M to about 1M.5. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is about 0.05M.6. A method according to wherein the concentration of oxalic acid is about 0.1 M.7. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises hardwood/softwood and the weight based ratio of biomass to dilute oxalic acid is from about 0.1:1 to about 1:10.8. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises hardwood/softwood and the weight based ratio of biomass to dilute oxalic acid is about 1:5.9. A method according to wherein the biomass comprises grasses claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 11
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Process Operations for Biomass Fractionation

Номер: US20160002851A1
Автор: Anderson Nigel Donald, Day Kenneth John Coryton, Drage Geoffrey Nicholas, Gates Malcolm Gilbert, Leahy Patrick, McGarel-Groves Anthony Robin
Принадлежит:

There is described a method of fractionating a biomass material comprising: (i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry; (ii) mixing the slurry with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix; (iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix to sonication; (iv) optionally heating the product of step (iii) in an autoclave under pressure; (v) separating the solid and liquid components of the fractionation mix; (vi) optionally washing the solid; (vii) optionally drying the solid component; (viii) separating the liquid component into organic and aqueous components; and (ix) isolating lignin from the organic component and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component. 1. A method of fractionating a biomass material comprising the steps of:(i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry (stage 1);(ii) mixing the slurry (stage 1) with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix (stage 2);(iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix (stage 2) to sonication and, optionally, heat (stage 3);(iv) optionally heating stage 3 in an autoclave under pressure; (stage 3a)(v) separating the solid (stage 4a) and liquid (stage 4b) components of the fractionation mix of stage 3 or stage 3a;(vi) optionally washing the solid (stage 4a);(vii) optionally drying the solid component (stage 4a and stage 7a) (to retrieve cellulosic materials);(viii) separating the liquid component (stage 4b) into organic (stage 5a) and aqueous (stage 5b) components; and(ix) isolating lignin from the organic component (stage 5a) and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component (stage 5b).2. (canceled)3. A method according to which comprises the steps of:(i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry (stage 1);(ii) mixing the slurry (stage 1) with a de-aerated organosolv reagent, optionally under an inert atmosphere, to form a pre-treatment mix ( ...

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Номер записи: 12
07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR RECOVERING CHEMICALS AND BY-PRODUCTS FROM HIGH-SULPHIDITY PULPING LIQUORS

Номер: US20160002853A1
Автор: MCKEOUGH Paterson
Принадлежит:

A method used in connection with the recovery of pulping chemicals from spent pulping liquor produced by kraft-type pulping at very high sulphidity. In the method, spent pulping liquor is acidified to a relatively low pH which converts a most or all of the sulphide and hydrosulphide in the liquor to hydrogen sulfide. Sulphur containing gases released from the acidification of the spent pulping liquor, together with other sulphur gases collected at the pulp mill, are converted into an acid compound. This acid compound is employed as an acidification agent in the acidification of the spent pulping liquor. The amount of acid compound generated by the conversion of sulphur containing gases may be sufficient to provide most, if not all, of the acid needed for the acidification of the spent pulping liquor. 1. A method to be used in connection with recovery of pulping chemicals from spent pulping liquor produced by kraft-type alkaline pulping at very high sulphidity , the method comprising:a) acidifying the spent pulping liquor in one or more stages to a pH low enough to convert at least a large portion of both hydrosulphide ions and the sulphide ions in the spent pulping liquor into hydrogen sulphide,b) converting to an acid compound sulphur containing gases released in the acidification process of step a), wherein the sulphur containing gases comprise hydrogen sulphide, andc) the acid compound generated in step b) is employed in step a) and the amount of the acid compound generated in step b) is sufficient in quantity to provide at least most of the acid required in step a).2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the sulphidity employed in the pulping stage is in the range of 50 percent to 100 percent.3. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the pH reached in the acidification step is below 7.4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in conjunction with the acidification of the spent pulping liquor in step a) claim 1 , one or more by-products are partially or totally ...

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Номер записи: 13
07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR THE OXYGEN-BASED DELIGNIFICATION OF PULP

Номер: US20160002858A1
Автор: Suchak Naresh J.
Принадлежит:

Pulp is delignified by forming a mixture of pulp and caustic, adding oxygen and feeding this oxygen-containing mixture to a first step reactor. The lignin in the oxygen-containing mixture will be partially delignified and will be fed to a second step reactor where the remainder of the lignin in the pulp will be delignified. In this manner, fast reacting lignin can be treated in the first step reactor and slow reacting lignin can be treated in the second reactor. The delignified pulp is recovered from the apparatus and after washing can be forwarded to a bleaching unit. 1. A method for delignifying pulp comprising the steps of:(a) Forming a mixture of the pulp and caustic;(b) Feeding oxygen to the mixture and feeding the oxygen-containing mixture to a first step reactor wherein lignin will delignify;(c) Feeding the oxygen-containing mixture to a second step reactor wherein lignin will delignify; and(d) Recovering the delignified pulp.2. The method as claimed in wherein the lignin in step b) is fast reacting lignin.3. The method as claimed in wherein the lignin in step c) is slow reacting lignin.4. The method as claimed in wherein the pulp is selected from the group consisting of medium and high consistency pulp.5. The method as claimed in claim wherein the caustic is sodium hydroxide6. The method as claimed in wherein the oxygen is greater than 80% purity.7. The method as claimed in wherein steam is added to the mixture of pulp and caustic before being fed into the first step reactor.8. The method as claimed in wherein the oxygen-containing mixture comprises a gas phase and a liquid phase.9. The method as claimed in wherein the first step reactor is a reactor where the gas phase is the continuous phase and the liquid phase is the dispersed phase.10. The method as claimed in wherein supplemental oxygen may be added to the mixture of pulp and caustic after step (b).11. The method as claimed in wherein the oxygen-containing mixture is present in the first step reactor ...

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Номер записи: 14
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Pulping Liquors and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20200002888A1
Автор: Downie Robert, Humphreys Leonard James, Rowlands William, Watson Paul
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and pulping liquor;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture;wherein the reaction mixture and product mixture move in continuous flow through reactor vessel during said treating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of:(i) lignite feedstock;(ii) lignocellulosic feedstock; or(iii) a mixture of lignocellulosic and lignite feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of lignocellulosic feedstock.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulping liquor is black pulping liquor (black liquor).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the black liquor comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '3, '(i) between about 4 wt % and 10 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH), between about 10 wt % and 30 wt % sodium sulfide (NaS), between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt % sodium carbonate (NaCO), between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt % sodium sulfite (NaSO), between about 8 wt % and about 20 wt % sodium sulfate (NaSO), between about 10 wt % and about 25 wt % sodium thiosulfate (NaSO), and between about 10 wt % and about 90 wt % organic solids or between about 30% and about 70% organic solids; or'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', ...

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Номер записи: 15
07-01-2021 дата публикации

A LOW ENERGY PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PAPER PULP FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Номер: US20210002824A1
Автор: DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A low energy production process for producing paper pulp from lignocellulosic biomass, the process comprising the following successive steps: a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in the presence of a mixture, composed only of water and of formic acid, at atmospheric pressure and under controlled conditions of reaction temperature between ambient temperature and the reflux temperature of the mixture at atmospheric pressure, preferably between 80° C. and 100° C., with a weight ratio of the at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1/1 and 1/15, and for a determined period of time of reaction; and b) separating, at atmospheric pressure and at the reaction temperature, a solid fraction, constituting raw paper pulp, from an organic phase containing in solution at least the starting formic acid and water mixture, solubilized monomeric and polymeric sugars, lignins. 1. A low energy production process for producing paper pulp from lignocellulosic biomass , said process comprising the following successive steps:a) extracting lignins and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by putting at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material in a presence of a mixture, composed only of water and of formic acid, at atmospheric pressure and under controlled conditions of reaction temperature between ambient temperature and a reflux temperature of the mixture at atmospheric pressure with a weight ratio of said at least one solid lignocellulosic raw material/liquid mixture comprised between 1/1 and 1/15, and for a determined period of time of reaction;b) separating, at atmospheric pressure and at said reaction temperature, a solid fraction, constituting raw paper pulp, from an organic phase containing in solution at least the starting formic acid and water mixture, solubilized monomeric and polymeric sugars, lignins.2. The low energy paper pulp production ...

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Номер записи: 16
03-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR SAVING ENERGY IN PAPER PRODUCTION

Номер: US20190003120A1
Автор: Azhayev Alexey, Birikh Klara
Принадлежит:

The present invention is in the field of paper production, more in particular it relates to the process of wood pulping. It provides useful biological methods and compounds for reducing the energy requirements of the production of wood pulp. It describes a method for reducing the energy requirement of a thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) process wherein cellulose fibers are recovered from a biomass comprising lignocellulosic material, wherein the lignocellulosic material is treated with a CotA laccase before recovering the cellulose from the lignocellulosic material. 120.-. (canceled).21. A vector comprising:a nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein having laccase activity and having a primary amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity with the sequence of COT1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2); anda polynucleotide heterologous to the nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein having laccase activity.22. The vector of claim 21 , wherein the protein having laccase activity is COT1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2).23. Wood chips comprising the vector of . This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/478,527, filed Sep. 18, 2015, pending, which application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application PCT/EP2013/055866, filed Mar. 20, 2013, designating the United States of America and published as International Patent Publication WO 2014/146712 on Sep. 25, 2014, which are hereby incorporated by reference.The present invention is in the field of paper production, more in particular it relates to the process of wood pulping. It provides useful methods and compounds for reducing the energy requirements of the production of wood pulp.Lignin is a major component of wood (seen as brown material), also present in non-wood plants. This heterogeneous polyphenolic compound provides rigidity to the wood structure and protects cellulose fibers from damage. Naturally, lignin creates a major hurdle to ...

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Номер записи: 17
12-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING RESIDUAL SOAP IN CRUDE TALL OIL

Номер: US20170009181A1
Автор: Kotoneva Jari
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method and system for reducing residual soap in crude tall oil, wherein crude tall oil is supplied via piping to at least one vessel, soap number of the crude tall oil is determined using on-line measuring technique and sulphuric acid is added to the crude tall oil at a site of blending, where the dosing of the sulphuric acid is adjusted on-line to provide soap number of not more than 2. 1. A method for reducing residual soap in crude tall oil , characterized in the method comprises the steps , wherecrude tall is supplied to at least one vessel,soap number of the crude tall oil is measured on-line,an amount of sulphuric acid having concentration between 20-50 wt %, needed for adjusting the soap number to a value of not more than 2 is determined, andthe determined amount of sulphuric acid is added to the crude tall oil at a site of blending whereby treated crude tall oil having soap number not more than 2 is obtained.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in the method further comprises the steps wherethe measured soap number is transmitted as an input to a controlling unit, which controlling unit determines as an output the amount of sulphuric acid needed for adjusting the soap number to a value of not more than 2,the output of the amount of sulphuric acid is transmitted to a sulphuric acid dosing device, andthe amount of sulphuric acid is added to the crude tall oil according to the output, at a site of blending of crude tall oil and sulphuric acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in the crude tall oil is supplied via a line to at least one vessel.4. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in the soap number is measured from the crude tall oil running in the line.5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in the crude tall oil is supplied using an unloading pump.6. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in the soap number of the crude tall oil running in the line is measured ...

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Номер записи: 18
09-01-2020 дата публикации

Method for producing reactive lignin

Номер: US20200011012A1
Автор: Kanerva Heimo, Leppävuori Juha, Liitiä Tiina, Ohra-Aho Taina, Wikberg Hanne
Принадлежит:

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing reactive lignin from an alkaline lignin containing stream, such as black liquor, e.g. kraft lignin, by using thermal treatment with temperatures between 200 and 300° C., and a retention time of 1 h or less, for activation of the lignin. 1. A method for activating and recovering dissolved lignin comprising:providing a feedstock comprising the dissolved lignin and having a pH above 12,carrying out a thermal treatment of the feedstock having said pH above 12, at temperature within a range of 200-300° C. and for a retention time of 1 hour or less to provide activated lignin within the feedstock,precipitating the activated lignin by pH adjustment using an acid, thereby providing a liquor comprising precipitated lignin, andseparating the precipitated lignin from the liquor to provide recovered lignin.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin containing feedstock is from an alkaline pulping process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin containing feedstock comprises black liquor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pH adjustment step is carried out before the thermal treatment to obtain said pH above 12.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a dry content of the lignin containing feedstock during the activation and precipitation steps is between 10 and 50 wt-%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment is done at a temperature of 220-280° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment is done at a pressure that is a vapour pressure of the feedstock or greater.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitating is done at a pH of 9-10.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitating is done with the addition of an acid selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO) claim 1 , carbonic acid claim 1 , acidic exhaust gas claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 19
19-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR TREATING BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20170015692A1
Автор: CARRICK Christopher, SAMEC Joseph
Принадлежит: REN FUEL K2B AB

The present invention relates to a method of membrane-filtrating a lignin containing composition in order to obtain a lignin fraction more suitable for further treatments. In particular it relates to treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution by a membrane filtration. It comprises subjecting the liquid lignin composition to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to remove species having a first molecular weight thereby providing a permeate with a molecular weight distribution defined by said cut-off. Then, the permeate from the first membrane filtration is; subjected to at least one further filtration step with a second filter cut-off, different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) with a molecular weight distribution defined by both the cut-off in the first filter the cut-off in said second filter. A dilution is performed on a desired lignin containing fraction at some point downstream of the first filtration unit. A lignin containing retentate (concentrate) is collected from the further ultrafiltration for further processing. 1. A method for treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution , comprising the steps of:subjecting a liquid lignin containing composition, e.g. black liquor, to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to separate species in said liquid lignin containing composition in fractions thereby providing a permeate and a retentate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by said cut-off;subjecting either the retentate or the permeate from the first membrane filtration to at least one further membrane filtration step with a second filter cut-off different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) and a permeate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by both the cut-off in the first ...

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Номер записи: 20
21-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR LOWERING MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF LIQUID LIGNIN

Номер: US20160017541A1
Автор: Lake Michael A.
Принадлежит:

Processes and systems for lowering molecular weight of lignin generally includes first isolating a dense liquid lignin phase from black liquor and subjecting the dense liquid lignin phase to a temperature and pressure for a period of time to effect an average molecular weight distribution of the lignin. Solid lignin produced with the lowered molecular weight is then isolated. The systems and processes may further include an oxidation unit for oxidizing the black liquor and intermediate streams to remove or mitigate malodorous or toxic emissions.

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Номер записи: 21
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Fractionation of biomass-based material

Номер: US20200017800A1
Автор: Kim VIKMAN, Ville NEVANLINNA
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

A process is disclosed for fractionating biomass-based material. The process includes evaporating an evaporable part of biomass-based material in a short path evaporator, SPE, to produce a depitched lights fraction in liquid form, and a heavier pitch fraction. The depitched lights fraction may contain depitched tall oil in liquid form, and the heavier pitch fraction may contain tall oil pitch, TOP.

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Номер записи: 22
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Glycosyl hydrolase enzymes and uses thereof for biomass hydrolysis

Номер: US20140106408A1
Автор: Colin Mitchinson, Keith D. Wing, Megan Y. HSI, Meredith K. Fujdala, Steven S. Kim, William D. Hitz
Принадлежит: DANISCO US INC

The present invention relates to compositions that can be used in hydrolyzing biomass such as compositions comprising a polypeptide having glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 61/endoglucanase activity and/or a β-glucosidase polypeptide, methods for hydrolyzing biomass material, and methods for using such compositions.

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Номер записи: 23
23-01-2020 дата публикации

HEAT TRANSFER TUBE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HEAT TRANSFER TUBE

Номер: US20200024802A1
Автор: OLAUSSON Lars
Принадлежит: VALMET AB

The invention relates to a heat transfer tube () for falling film evaporation having a heating medium surface () to be heated by a heating medium, a falling film surface () to have spent liquor passing over it, and being made from an iron based high alloy stainless steel material with an alloy content above 16.00% for Chromium and above 1% for Nickel. The falling film surface of the heat transfer tube is equipped with one or several protrusions/indentations forming a multitude of stamped bumps (SB) on the envelope surface of a heat transfer tube such that the distance between adjacent stamped bumps (SB) along a line on the envelope surface parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heat transfer tube is within the range of 3 to 250 mm, said stamped bumps (SB) having a height (hp) in the range 0.3 to 5.0 mm, a width (wp) in the range 1.0-20 mm, and an inclination angle (a) versus a plane orthogonal to a longitudinal axis (CC) of the heat transfer tube in a range of 0-70 degrees so that each stamped bump (SB) is inclined and extends along at least a portion of the heat transfer tube or extend within a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the heat transfer tube. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing said heat transfer tube. 29. A heat transfer tube () according to wherein said stamped bumps (SB) are stretching continuously from one side of the sheet metal plate to the other side of the sheet metal plate of which the tube is made.3920. A heat transfer tube () according to wherein said stamped bumps (SB) are protruding on the falling film surface ().49. A heat transfer tube () according to claim 1 , wherein the distance along the longitudinal axis of the heat transfer tube between adjacent stamped bumps is in the range 3-100 mm claim 1 , more preferably within the range 5-50 mm and most preferably within the range 5-20 mm.59. A heat transfer tube () according to claim 1 , wherein the height (h) of said stamped bumps (SB) are in the range 0.5-2.0 ...

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Номер записи: 24
02-02-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TREATING THE BLACK LIQUOR RESULTING FROM PULPING BY HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION

Номер: US20170030017A1
Автор: Huet Marion, LACHENAL Dominique, Roubaud Anne
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a paper pulp preparation device comprising a wood component cooking unit and a hydrothermal liquefaction unit. 1. A paper pulp preparation device comprising: paper pulp, and', 'black liquor;, 'a unit for cooking wood components, in which the wood components are separated into two fractions{'sub': 1a', '1b', '1a', '1b, 'the unit for cooking the wood comprising a first inlet Efor introducing wood, a second inlet Efor discharging while liquor, a first outlet Sfor discharging the paper pulp, and a second outlet Sfor discharging the black liquor;'} [{'sub': 12', '1b, 'an inlet Efor the black liquor connected to second outlet Sof the cooking unit;'}, {'sub': '12a', 'a first outlet Sfor an organic phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction;'}, {'sub': '12b', 'a second outlet Sfor an aqueous phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction and containing organic molecules;'}], 'a hydrothermal liquefaction unit allowing the treatment of at least a part of the black liquor, and comprising{'sub': 1-12', '1b', '12, 'a connection line Cbetween outlet Sand inlet E;'}{'sub': '12b', 'claim-text': [{'sub': 17', '12b, 'an inlet Efor the aqueous phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction, connected to outlet Sof the hydrothermal liquefaction unit;'}, {'sub': '17a', 'a first outlet Sof organic molecules;'}, {'sub': '17b', 'a second outlet Sof aqueous phase;'}], 'a separation unit downstream of outlet Sof the hydrothermal liquefaction unit, the separation unit allowing the separation of organic molecules contained in the aqueous phase resulting from the hydrothermal liquefaction, and comprising{'sub': 12-17', '12b', '17, 'a connection line Cbetween outlet Sand inlet E.'}2. The paper pulp preparation device of claim 1 , wherein it further comprises:{'sub': 1b', '5', '5, 'an evaporation unit downstream of outlet Sof the cooking unit, the evaporation unit allowing to concentrate the black liquor, and comprising an inlet Efor the black ...

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Номер записи: 25
04-02-2016 дата публикации

Process for the isolation of lignin from black liquor and modification of the lignin for plastic applications

Номер: US20160032525A1
Автор: Kurt Kurple, Michael Kerman, Nathan Kurple
Принадлежит: ORGANIC CHEMICAL LLC

A process for the isolation of lignin from black liquor and modification of lignin for use in many plastic applications is disclosed. The isolation of lignin consists of removing all of the non-lignin components from black liquor solution. The non-lignin components including but not limited to organic acids, sugars, and inorganic materials can be removed using either solvent extraction or ion-exchange resin or a combination of both methods. The isolated lignin is water soluble. The non-lignin components can be further isolated and sold or reused in the pulping or lignin isolation processes. The isolated lignin can be further modified in order to meet the needs of the desired plastic application.

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Номер записи: 26
17-02-2022 дата публикации

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

Номер: US20220049420A1
Автор: Ling Feng
Принадлежит: Pierson Capital Environmental (Beijing) Limited

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method of producing an alkalized cellulose , the method comprising the steps of:a) neutralizing the organic acids contained in the cellulose produced from organic acids pretreatment of plant material with sodium hydroxide liquor recycled from step d) of the process to form a neutralized cellulose mixture, andb) separating neutralized cellulose from the neutralized cellulose mixture with a press and the filtrate is directly released to waste water treatment system, andc) alkalizing the neutralized cellulose by addition of a sodium hydroxide solution in a reactor to form an alkalized cellulose mixture, andd) separating alkalized cellulose from the alkalized cellulose mixture with a press, wherein the sodium hydroxide liquor, obtained as the filtrate of the alkalized cellulose mixture, comprises sodium hydroxide for reuse in step a) of the process.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids of step a) of the process comprises only formic acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids of step a) of the process comprises a mixture of acetic acid and formic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein neutralizing the organic acids contained in the cellulose produced from organic acids pretreatment of plant material is accomplished by adding the sodium hydroxide liquor recycled from step d) of the process or by adding sodium hydroxide comprising a combination of sodium hydroxide liquor recycled from step d) of the process and fresh sodium hydroxide.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the neutralized cellulose mixture has a pH of pH 5 to pH 8.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the neutralized cellulose has a dry solid content of 30% to 45% claim 1 , calculated from the total weight of the neutralized cellulose.7. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 27
17-02-2022 дата публикации

Efficient methods and compositions for recovery of products from organic acid pretreatment of plant materials

Номер: US20220049421A1
Автор: Feng Ling
Принадлежит: Pierson Capital Environmental Beijing Ltd

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials.

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Номер записи: 28
17-02-2022 дата публикации

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

Номер: US20220049422A1
Автор: Ling Feng
Принадлежит: Pierson Capital Environmental (Beijing) Limited

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method for producing a hemicellulosic juice , the method comprising the steps of:a) introducing a hemicellulosic mixture comprised of dissolved hemicellulose, organic acids, and water and other constituents produced by organic acids pretreatment of plant material into a multi-effect evaporation system, andb) evaporating the hemicellulosic mixture within the multi-effect evaporator to form a concentrated hemicellulosic juice with a dry matter content of 40% to 70% by weight, andc) removing organic acids from the concentrated hemicellulosic juice in a stripping column to form a hemicellulosic juice, wherein the hemicellulosic juice comprises less than 2% by weight organic acids.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids comprises formic acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acids comprises formic acid and acetic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the content of dissolved hemicellulose in the hemicellulosic mixture is 2% to 20% by weight.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the organic acids the hemicellulosic mixture is 10% to 30% by weight.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a 2-effects evaporation system.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a 3-effects evaporation system.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a 4-effects evaporation system.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation is operated at a temperature of 60° C. to 160° C. in the first effect evaporator.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is operated at a temperature of 25° C. to 60° C. in the last effect evaporator.11. The method according ...

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Номер записи: 29
17-02-2022 дата публикации

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

Номер: US20220049423A1
Автор: Ling Feng
Принадлежит: Pierson Capital Environmental (Beijing) Limited

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method for recovering organic acids from high water content organic acids solutions by multi-column distillation , comprising the steps of:a) adopting a two to five columns distillation system to recover the organic acids, andb) feeding direct steam only into the first column of the multi-column distillation system, andc) providing steam to subsequent columns from the vapors released from previous columns sequentially, andd) feeding one or more streams of high water content organic acids solutions into different columns within the multi-column system to balance the energy requirements for the columns comprising the distillation system, ande) adjusting the content of the organic acids in the condensate of the first column to minimize fresh steam consumption, andf) recycling the total organic acids and the total waters discharged from the multi-column distillation system.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid and water.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid and water.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid and acetic acid.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises formic acid.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high water content organic acids solutions comprises acetic acid.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-column distillation is carried out using a distillation system comprising 2-5 columns.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-column distillation is carried out using a distillation system comprising 4 columns.9. The method according to claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 30
17-02-2022 дата публикации

EFFICIENT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOVERY OF PRODUCTS FROM ORGANIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS

Номер: US20220049424A1
Автор: Ling Feng
Принадлежит: Pierson Capital Environmental (Beijing) Limited

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials. 1. A method for producing a fertilizer composition , the method comprising the steps of:a) separating stillage from cellulose and hemicellulosic juice produced by organic acids pretreatment of plant material using a decanter to obtain a solid fraction of the stillage and a thin stillage, andb) concentrating the thin stillage with a multi-effects evaporation system to obtain a concentrated stillage wherein the steam for the multi-effects evaporation system is supplied from vapor released from the dryer in step d) of the process, andc) mixing the solid fraction and concentrated stillage to obtain a mixture, andd) drying the mixture to obtain the organic fertilizer, wherein the vapor released from the dryer is fed to the multi-effect evaporation system as thermal energy for the multi-effect evaporation system of the process.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fraction comprises a dry solid content of 20%-45% by weight.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated in an evaporator comprising a 4 effects evaporation system.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated in an evaporator comprising a 5 effects evaporation system.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated in an evaporator comprising a 6 effects evaporation system.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin stillage is concentrated by a multi-effects evaporation carried out at a temperature of 30° C. to 150° C.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentrated thin stillage produced by multi-effects evaporation comprises a dry matter content of 28% to 45% by weight.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in that mixing the solid fraction and the concentrated stillage is carried out in a mixer.9. ...

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Номер записи: 31
11-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSE PULP OF WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Номер: US20160040356A1
Автор: Kettunen Auvo
Принадлежит:

A method of and an apparatus for processing cellulose pulp of wood processing industry. The method and assembly may be used, on one hand, as a pressure diffuser for washing the pulp before an oxygen stage and, on the other hand, the separation of soap, gas and/or other light materials from filtrates and from black liquor of a cellulose mill in a pressurized device, as well as the new process connections enabled by the method. The method and apparatus may process filtrates from brown stock washing and bleaching as well as black liquors from a digesting department and an evaporation plant. By way of example, the filtrate of the washing department is pumped to the digesting department of a sulfate cellulose mill as well as the black liquor taken from the digesting department to an evaporation plant. 1. A method of processing cellulose pulp , which is produced by digesting from softwood or hardwood chips in a digester , the method comprising:washing digested pulp;processing the washed pulp in an oxygen stage, andafter the oxygen stage, washing and bleaching the washed pulp, andseparating in a pressurized separation apparatus soap, gas or other light materials produced in a digesting process from a filtrate or from black liquor generated by a digester.2. The method of wherein the pressurized separation apparatus is at least one of a hydrocyclone claim 1 , a centrifuge and a pump.3. The method according to claim 1 , the filtrate is from the washing of digested pulp and the separation separates the filtrate into a soap fraction and filtrate fraction essentially free of soap.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the essentially soap-free filtrate fraction is fed as washing liquid to another washing stage or into a digester.5. The method according to wherein the soap fraction is fed directly to an evaporation plant or to black liquor flowing to the evaporation plant.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the black liquor obtained from the digester is fed to the ...

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Номер записи: 32
06-02-2020 дата публикации

WOOD PROCESSING METHOD

Номер: US20200040273A1
Автор: GRONN Arne Johannes
Принадлежит: GLOMMEN TECHNOLOGY AS

The invention provides a method for generating a solid wood-based material and a hemicellulose-derived material from a wood raw material. The method includes treating the wood raw material under aqueous conditions at elevated temperature and pressure to generate a hemicellulose-containing fluid component and a solid component; separating the fluid component from the solid component; processing at least a part of the solid component into a solid wood-based material; and processing the liquid component into a hemicellulose-derived material. The invention also provides for a wood-derived fuel with a low ash content. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a step of iv) processing said liquid component into a hemicellulose-derived material.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said biomass is a non-wood lignocellulosic material claim 1 , such as straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , stover claim 1 , grass or any mixtures thereof claim 1 , preferably straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , or any mixtures thereof.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said solid biomass-derived material has an ash deformation temperature of at least 1050° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 1100° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 1200° C. claim 1 , more preferably at least 1300° C.5. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said solid biomass-derived material has a chlorine content of 0.2 wt % or less claim 1 , preferably 0.1 wt % or less claim 1 , more preferably 0.08 wt % or less.6. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out in the absence of additives for increasing the ash melting temperature claim 1 , such as mineral agents claim 1 , e.g. calcium carbonate claim 1 , lime or limestone.7. The method of wherein step i) comprises steam treatment claim 1 , or steam explosion claim 1 , of the biomass raw material whereby to generate a steam treated biomass material and optionally washing said treated biomass material with an aqueous material such as ...

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Номер записи: 33
15-02-2018 дата публикации

PRODUCTS EXTRACTED FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20180044482A1
Автор: RICHTER Isabella, Wittmann Tobias
Принадлежит: SUNCOAL INUDUSTRIES GMBH

Products extracted from black liquor include undissolved carbonized lignin and carbonized black liquor. The products further include solid carbon separated from the black liquor. Black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process is subjected to a hydrothermal carbonization process. Undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor. The remaining carbonized black liquor is fed back into the alkaline fractionation process. The undissolved carbonized lignin is separated from the carbonized black liquor and purified. 1. An undissolved carbonized lignin extracted from black liquor from an alkaline fractionation process , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 60 percent by mass,the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is higher by at least 5 percent by mass than the fraction of the chemical element carbon in an ash-free and dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is a maximum of 10 percent by mass,the ash fraction of the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the dry mass is lower by at least 50 percent by mass than the ash fraction of the dry residue which is extracted in a complete evaporation of the black liquor used as starting material,the softening temperature of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 200° C., andthe dry matter content of the undissolved carbonized lignin is at least 40 percent by mass.2. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the fraction of the chemical element carbon in the undissolved carbonized lignin based on the ash-free and dry mass is at least 68 percent by mass.3. The undissolved carbonized lignin as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fraction of the chemical element carbon ...

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Номер записи: 34
04-03-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REFINING FIBER AND DERIVING CHEMICAL CO-PRODUCTS FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20210062416A1
Автор: Goldstein Yitzac
Принадлежит: Circular Systems S.P.C.

The invention herein disclosed and claimed is a process for refining fiber from lignocellulosic biomass. The process provides refined fiber and agriculturally amenable co-products, with a virtually waste-free systems design. 1. A process comprising:mixing lignocellulosic biomass with a first alkaline FRL comprising an alkaline chemical with potassium cations and at least one alkaline chemical with cations from an alkaline earth metal selected from a group consisting of calcium and magnesium;limiting sodium cation percentage in said first alkaline FRL to 30 percent or less of sum total cation molar weight portion of all alkaline chemicals within said FRL;refining said lignocellulosic biomass with said first alkaline FRL;capturing refined biomass-derived fiber; andcapturing co-products derived from spent FRL.2. A process comprising:mixing lignocellulosic biomass with a second alkaline FRL comprising alkaline chemicals with 70 percent or more of said FRL sum total cation molar weight comprising at least one from the group of potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium;limiting said sodium cation percentage to 30 percent or less of total cation molar weight portion of all alkaline chemicals within said FRL;refining said lignocellulosic biomass with said second alkaline FRL;capturing refined biomass-derived fiber;treating said spent FRL with a non-carbonic carboxylic acid; andcapturing co-products derived from said spent FRL.3. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkali FRL comprising at least 50 percent of said first FRL sum total cation molar weight comprising potassium.4. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkaline FRL comprising 20 to 50 percent calcium cations of said first FRL sum total cation molar weight.5. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkaline FRL comprising 20 to 50 percent magnesium cations of said first FRL sum total cation molar weight.6. A claim as in further comprising:using said first alkaline FRL comprising ...

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Номер записи: 35
28-02-2019 дата публикации

ORGANOSOLV PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF HIGHLY PURE LIGNIN AND PRODUCTS COMPRISING THE SAME

Номер: US20190062359A1
Автор: KOUMBA YOYA GEORGES, STEVANOVIC Tatjana
Принадлежит: UNIVERSITE LAVAL

A highly pure lignin comprising a lignin content of at least 97% and characterized by a low carbohydrate content and substantially no sulfur content is disclosed herein. An organosolv process for extracting the highly pure lignin is also disclosed herein. The process comprises pretreating a lignocellulosic material in a first polar protic solvent, to remove extractive compounds and to provide a pretreated lignocellulosic material; and treating the pretreated lignocellulosic material with a Lewis acid in a second polar protic solvent. 1. An organosolv process for extracting highly pure lignin from a lignocellulosic material , the process comprising:pretreating the lignocellulosic material in a first polar protic solvent, to remove extractive compounds and to provide a pretreated lignocellulosic material; andtreating the pretreated lignocellulosic material with a Lewis acid in a second polar protic solvent, to provide a highly pure lignin.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first polar protic solvent is at least one of CHCOOH claim 1 , HCOOH claim 1 , HO claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , EtOH claim 1 , iPrOH claim 1 , PrOH claim 1 , BuOH claim 1 , iBuOH or tBuOH or combinations of any thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second polar protic solvent is at least one of CHCOOH claim 1 , HCOOH claim 1 , HO claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , EtOH claim 1 , iPrOH claim 1 , PrOH claim 1 , BuOH claim 1 , iBuOH or tBuOH or combinations of any thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first polar protic solvent is a mixture of polar protic solvents.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the mixture of polar protic solvents includes a ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 of two polar protic solvents.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second polar protic solvent is a mixture of polar protic solvents.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the mixture of polar protic solvents includes a ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 of two polar protic solvents.10. ( ...

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Номер записи: 36
17-03-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING VAPOURS RELEASED FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE BIOMASS DURING ACID TREATMENT

Номер: US20220081834A1
Автор: CHENNA Naveen
Принадлежит: VALMET AB

The invention relates to a process for treating vapours released from lignocellulose biomass during acid treatment at elevated temperature of the lignocellulose biomass. The process comprises condensing () the vapours to produce a condensate, adjusting () the pH of the condensate to about 9, and decanting () the condensate to produce turpentine, and may further comprise distilling () the mixture remaining after decanting to produce furfuraland a reject comprising tall oil fatty acids. The invention also relates to a corresponding system for treating vapours released from lignocellulose biomass during acid treatment at elevated temperature of the lignocellulose biomass. 1. Process for treating vapours released from lignocellulose biomass during acid treatment at elevated temperature of said lignocellulose biomass , said process comprising:condensing said vapours to produce a condensate,adjusting the pH of the condensate to about 9, anddecanting the condensate to produce turpentine.2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising:distilling the mixture remaining after decanting to produce furfural and a reject comprising tall oil fatty acids.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprisingsubjecting an uncondensed fraction of said vapours from said step of condensing to an additional step of condensing to produce a second condensate,wherein said step of decanting comprises decanting the second condensate to produce turpentine, anddistilling the condensate from the step of condensing and the mixture remaining after decanting to produce furfural and a reject comprising tall oil fatty acids.4. The process according to claim 2 , further comprising:Subjecting said reject resulting from said distilling to a tall oil separation process.5. The process according to claim 2 , further comprising:Subjecting said reject to saponification to produce soap.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said adjusting comprises adding an alkali to adjust the pH.7. The ...

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Номер записи: 37
10-03-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR SAVING ENERGY IN PAPER PRODUCTION

Номер: US20160069024A1
Автор: Azhayev Alexey, Birikh Klara
Принадлежит:

The present invention is in the field of paper production, more in particular it relates to the process of wood pulping. It provides useful biological methods and compounds for reducing the energy requirements of the production of wood pulp. It describes a method for reducing the energy requirement of a thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) process wherein cellulose fibers are recovered from a biomass comprising lignocellulosic material, wherein the lignocellulosic material is treated with a CotA laccase before recovering the cellulose from the lignocellulosic material. 1. A method for recovering cellulose from a biomass comprising lignocellulosic material , the method comprising:contacting the biomass with a CotA laccase prior to heating the biomass to a temperature above 100 degrees Celsius;heating the biomass to a temperature above 100 degrees Celsius; andsubjecting the heated biomass to mechanical defibration.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic material comprises wood.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the wood is a wood chip.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the wood is a destructured wood chip.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising treating the biomass comprising the lignocellulosic materials with a chemical composition before the biomass is defibrated.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the chemical is able to degrade lignin.7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the wood has a moisture content of at least 20% and is preheated to a temperature below 100 degrees Celsius before treating the wood with CotA laccase.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the wood is preheated to a temperature below the inactivation temperature of the CotA laccase.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the treatment with CotA laccase is performed after a low energy mechanical treatment step.10. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising an impregnation step wherein the biomass ...

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Номер записи: 38
27-02-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND MODIFICATION OF THE LIGNIN FOR PLASTIC APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20200063341A1
Автор: KERMAN MICHAEL, KURPLE KURT, KURPLE NATHAN
Принадлежит: ORGANIC CHEMICAL LLC

A process for the isolation of lignin from black liquor and modification of lignin for use in many plastic applications is disclosed. The isolation of lignin consists of removing all of the non-lignin components from black liquor solution. The non-lignin components including but not limited to organic acids, sugars, and inorganic materials can be removed using either solvent extraction or ion-exchange resin or a combination of both methods. The isolated lignin is water soluble. The non-lignin components can be further isolated and sold or reused in the pulping or lignin isolation processes. The isolated lignin can be further modified in order to meet the needs of the desired plastic application. 116-. (canceled)17. A process for isolating organic acids from black liquor containing lignin and non-lignin components , said lignin is not precipitated by lowering pH or acidification , comprising the steps of:adding a polar aprotic solvent to said black liquor containing lignin and non-lignin components forming a polar aprotic solvent and black liquor mixture;centrifuging said mixture containing lignin and non-lignin components, said lignin is retained in the bowl of the centrifuge;said non-lignin components and said polar aprotic solvent exit the bowl of the centrifuge;reducing the pH of the said mixture of the non-lignin components and polar aprotic solvent; and,filtering the mixture of reduced pH non-lignin components and polar aprotic solvent, where organic acids will be retained by the filter forming isolated organic acids, and where a group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, sulfur, sulfates, sulfites, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sugars, sacharrides, polysacharrides, methanol, ethanol, and combinations thereof will permeate the filter.18. The process of wherein said organic acids are selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic molecule with one or more carboxyl groups.19. The process of wherein said isolated organic acid contains less than 1% ...

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Номер записи: 39
19-03-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR LIGNIN SEPARATION FROM BLACK LIQUOR INVOLVING MULTIPLE ACIDIFICATION STEPS

Номер: US20150075738A1
Автор: Åkerlund Lars-Erik, Ohman Fredrik, Svensson Mattias, TOMANI Per, Wallmo Henrik, Wimby Martin
Принадлежит: Valmet Power AB

The method is for separation of lignin from original black liquor (BL) and has the following phases in sequence. A first precipitation phase (PR) for precipitation of lignin by a first acidification of the original black liquor by adding a first acid or mixture of acids (G) followed by a first storage phase wherein precipitated lignin particles are allowed to increase in size, followed by a second precipitation phase (PR) for precipitation of lignin by a further acidification of the original black liquor by adding a second acid or mixture of acids (G). By retaining the acidified black liquor for at least 25 minutes in the storage phase are the precipitated lignin particles allowed to grow in size and the filterability is improved considerably. 1. A method for separation of lignin from original black liquor (BL) having a first pH value , comprising the following phases in sequence:{'b': '1', 'a first precipitation phase (PR ) wherein a first acidifier charge is added to the original black liquor in order to decrease the pH value of the original black liquor to a second pH level whereby less than 10% of the total lignin content is precipitated as nucleus particles, said second pH level being at least 1 pH unit below that of the first pH value,'}a first storage phase (ST) wherein the original black liquor is kept at or below the second pH level for a retention time of at least 25 minutes during which storage phase the precipitated lignin particles increase in size thus increasing the filterability of the precipitated lignin,{'b': '2', 'a second precipitation phase (PR ) wherein a second acidifier charge is added to the acidified original black liquor from the first precipitation phase in order to decrease the pH value to a third pH level whereby more than 20% of the total lignin content is additionally precipitated and as growth of nucleus lignin particles formed after the first storage phase, said third pH level being at least 1 pH units below that of the second pH ...

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Номер записи: 40
15-03-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PULP, ENERGY, AND BIODERIVATIVES FROM PLANT-BASED AND RECYCLED MATERIALS

Номер: US20180071706A1
Автор: Barla Florin, Bobe Iulian, Kostenyuk Igor, Kumar Sandeep, Majeranowski Peter
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site. 1. A system comprising:a pre-processing portion having a mechanical processor/material handler for extraction of water soluble fermentable carbohydrates and preparation of material for further extraction; a first operating condition at a first pressure and a first temperature at a constant level that is held for a first defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength; and', 'a second operating condition at a second pressure and a second temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined second period of time to break down lignin and the remaining oligo-carbohydrates of a second chain strength and fatty acids, or', 'both the first operating condition and the second operating condition;, 'an extractor portion comprising a reactor or a reactor assembly to which biomass and subcritical water is supplied, the reactor assembly havingwherein the system is repeatable until the recovery rate of the fermentable carbohydrates, fatty acid, or both reaches a desired yield.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical processor/material handler of the pre-processing portion includes a ...

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Номер записи: 41
17-03-2016 дата публикации

Process for treating lignin

Номер: US20160076199A1
Автор: John C. Blackburn, Michael A. Lake
Принадлежит: LIQUID LIGNIN COMPANY LLC

A process for recovery of lignin from black liquor that contains either soluble or dispersed lignin by generating a “liquid lignin” at high yield is disclosed. Soluble lignin at a high pH is precipitated by reducing the pH of the black liquor stream by countercurrent reaction with carbon dioxide, at elevated temperature and pressure, creating a dense liquid-lignin phase and a light lignin-depleted phase. The dense lignin-rich phase is separated and washed countercurrently with a non-sulfur containing acid, such as acetic acid or formic acid, to displace metal cations from the lignin, creating a low-salt lignin, which is then formed into a low-dust, high-bulk density lignin fuel pellet. If desired, an oxidation step may be used to eliminate odor for lignins having high value green chemistry applications.

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Номер записи: 42
24-03-2022 дата публикации

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED LIGNIN AS REDUCING AGENT FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Номер: US20220090155A1
Автор: BENGTSSON Oskar, Kløften Anne Mari, Lersch Martin
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of a polysaccharide substrate, said method comprising at least one step of: enzymatic hydrolysis of said substrate with a mixture of enzymes, said mixture comprising at least one enzyme selected from lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases; in the presence of chemically modified lignin, wherein during at least part of the time of said step of enzymatic hydrolysis, HOis supplied to the reaction mixture comprising said substrate, said mixture of enzymes and said chemically modified lignin, either from an external source or by generation in situ. 1. A method for enzymatic hydrolysis of a polysaccharide substrate , said method comprising at least one step of:enzymatic hydrolysis of said substrate with a mixture of enzymes, said mixture of enzymes comprising at least one enzyme selected from lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases,{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein said at least one step of enzymatic hydrolysis occurs in the presence of chemically modified lignin, wherein during at least part of the time of said step of enzymatic hydrolysis, HOis added to a reaction mixture comprising said substrate, chemically modified lignin and said mixture of enzymes.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide substrate comprises lignocellulosic biomass.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein HOis added directly to said reaction mixture comprising said substrate claim 1 , chemically modified lignin and said mixture of enzymes.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein HOis added to the reaction mixture at a rate of 10 to 5 claim 3 ,000 μmoles hydrogen peroxide per liter reaction mixture per hour.5. The method according to wherein a total amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the reaction mixture is 2 to 1 claim 1 ,500 moles per ton of polysaccharide substrate.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of chemically modified lignin present in the reaction mixture comprising ...

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Номер записи: 43
22-03-2018 дата публикации

METHODS FOR PREPARING THERMALLY STABLE LIGNIN FRACTIONS

Номер: US20180079766A1
Автор: HALLAC Bassem, Jansen Robert, LAPIDOT Noa, LAWSON James Alan, Rotem Perry
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to fractions of high purity lignin which are thermally stable, and to methods of producing said fractions from lignocellulosic material. 131-. (canceled)32. A method comprising:(i) providing a lignin composition characterized by a consistent glass transition temperature (Tg) as determined by two consecutive differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) runs of the same lignin portion according to DIN 53765-1994, wherein a first Tg is measured during a first DSC run, a second Tg is measured during a second DSC run, and the difference between the first Tg and the second Tg is less than 10° C., and(ii) converting at least a portion of lignin in the composition to a conversion product.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the converting comprises treating the lignin composition with hydrogen or a hydrogen donor.34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the conversion product is selected from the group consisting of bio-oil claim 32 , carboxylic and fatty acids claim 32 , dicarboxylic acids claim 32 , hydroxyl-carboxylic claim 32 , hydroxyl di-carboxylic acids and hydroxyl-fatty acids claim 32 , methylglyoxal claim 32 , mono- claim 32 , di- or poly-alcohols claim 32 , alkanes claim 32 , alkenes claim 32 , aromatics claim 32 , aldehydes claim 32 , ketones claim 32 , esters claim 32 , phenols claim 32 , benzene claim 32 , toluenes claim 32 , and xylenes.35. The method of claim 32 , wherein the conversion product is selected from the group consisting of dispersants claim 32 , emulsifiers claim 32 , complexants claim 32 , flocculants claim 32 , agglomerants claim 32 , pelletizing additives claim 32 , resins claim 32 , carbon fibers claim 32 , active carbon claim 32 , antioxidants claim 32 , liquid fuel claim 32 , aromatic chemicals claim 32 , vanillin claim 32 , adhesives claim 32 , binders claim 32 , absorbents claim 32 , toxin binders claim 32 , foams claim 32 , coatings claim 32 , films claim 32 , rubbers and elastomers claim 32 , sequestrants claim 32 , ...

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Номер записи: 44
25-03-2021 дата публикации

A method and a system for obtaining methanol from foul condensate of a pulping process

Номер: US20210087745A1
Автор: David BLOMBERG SAITTON, Olle Wennberg, Thomas Nordlander
Принадлежит: VALMET AB

Embodiments herein relate to a system (200; 300; 400; 500) for obtaining methanol from foul condensate (101) of a pulping process. The system (200; 300; 400; 500) comprises a primary stripper (102) arranged to strip the foul condensate (101) from pollutants, whereby a first methanol-containing condensate is obtained from the polluted stripper off gases (SOGs). The system (200; 300; 400; 500) also comprises a first acidification unit (202) arranged to acidify the first methanol-containing condensate. Further, the system (200; 300; 400; 500) comprises a secondary stripper (204) arranged to strip the acidified first methanol-containing condensate from pollutants to obtain a second methanol-containing condensate, and a distillation column (107) arranged to distil the second methanol-containing condensate from the secondary stripper (204) so as to obtain methanol. Embodiments herein also relate to a method performed in a system (200; 300; 400; 500) for obtaining methanol from foul condensate (101) of a pulping process.

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Номер записи: 45
09-04-2015 дата публикации

Method for separating lignin from black liquor

Номер: US20150096697A1
Автор: Lamfeddal Kouisni, Michael Paleologou
Принадлежит: FPINNOVATIONS

A method was developed for: a) improving the filterability of acid-precipitated lignin from kraft black liquors, b) increasing the dry solids content of the final lignin product, c) reducing the acid requirements and d) minimizing or eliminating TRS emissions during the acidification of black liquor to produce lignin and/or the subsequent suspension of the lignin in acid and/or the washing of the lignin with acid. No major difference in the chemical composition, MWD and main functional groups was found in the lignin of the present invention compared with lignins produced by conventional methods.

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Номер записи: 46
07-04-2016 дата публикации

Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass

Номер: US20160096995A1
Автор: Joseph Broun Powell, Juben Nemchand Chheda, Lamar Lane Joffrion, Philip Walter ANDERSON
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods and systems can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. The methods and systems can further include a further hydrotreatment step configured for additional lignin conversion and/or a further hydrotreatment step configured for generating hydrogen.

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Номер записи: 47
01-04-2021 дата публикации

Multi-step process for the isolation of components from miscanthus

Номер: US20210095421A1
Автор: Marcel VAN DE PEPPEL
Принадлежит: Exegi Ip Management BV

The invention relates to a process for the isolation of components from plant material of Miscanthus . The process comprises three subsequent extractions. The first extraction yields an extract comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of antioxidants, polyphenols, proteins, sterols, acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and aromatic compounds. Thereafter, the plant material is subjected to two extractions with a metal hydroxide (e.g. NaOH), the first performed at a lower pH than the second. These steps yield a sugar fraction and a lignin fraction, respectively. Finally, from the residue after the third extraction, cellulose is isolated.

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Номер записи: 48
04-04-2019 дата публикации

PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NANOCELLULOSE, AND COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREFROM

Номер: US20190100604A1
Автор: "OCONNOR Ryan", NELSON Kimberly, PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites. 1. A nanocellulose composition comprising nanocrystalline cellulose with a cellulose crystallinity of about 80% or greater , wherein said nanocellulose composition contains lignin , and wherein said nanocrystalline cellulose is characterized by a nanometer-sized average nanocrystal particle length and a nanometer-sized average nanocrystal particle width.2. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said cellulose crystallinity is about 85% or greater.3. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is characterized by an average cellulose degree of polymerization from about 100 to about 1000.4. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is characterized by a cellulose degree of polymerization distribution having a single peak.5. The nanocellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose composition is not derived from tunicates.6. The ...

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Номер записи: 49
03-07-2014 дата публикации

Biomass fractionation processes employing sulfur dioxide

Номер: US20140186899A1
Автор: Theodora Retsina, Vesa Pylkkanen
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

The present invention provides a process for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: contacting biomass with SO 2 , water, and optionally a first solvent, to produce intermediate solids; then contacting the intermediate solids with SO 2 , water, and a second solvent, to produce cellulose-rich solids and a liquid phase comprising hemicelluloses and lignin. The first concentration of SO 2 may be lower or higher than the second concentration of SO 2 . It is desirable to vary the SO 2 and solvent concentrations in different stages to optimize the removal of hemicellulose versus lignin. The resulting cellulose-rich material can contain very low hemicellulose, very low lignin, or both low hemicellulose and low lignin. High-purity cellulose is useful both for producing glucose as well as for cellulose products or derivatives. The hemicelluloses may be hydrolyzed to produce monomeric sugars, and the lignin may be recovered as a co-product.

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Номер записи: 50
07-05-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FINE FIBERS AND SHEET CONTAINING FINE FIBERS

Номер: US20150122430A1
Автор: Kishida Takayuki, NOGUCHI Yuichi, Noishiki Yasutomo
Принадлежит: OJI HOLDINGS CORPORATION

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing fine fibers and a sheet containing fine fibers, whereby fiber refinement (fibrillating) of a fiber material is facilitated, freeness and dehydration performance of slurry containing fine fibers obtained after fiber refinement (fibrillating) is favorable and resistance to yellowing of the fine fibers is improved. The present invention provides a method for producing fine fibers, comprising at least the steps of: (a) introducing electrostatic and/or steric functional substituents into a fiber material to obtain substituent-introduced fibers; (b) subjecting the substituent-introduced fibers to mechanical treatment; and (c) eliminating some or all of introduced substituents from the substituent-introduced fine fibers obtained in step (b) to obtain fine fibers from which substituents have been eliminated. 1. A method for producing fine fibers , comprising at least the steps of:(a) introducing electrostatic and/or steric functional substituents into a fiber material to obtain substituent-introduced fibers;(b) subjecting the substituent-introduced fibers to mechanical treatment; and(c) eliminating some or all of introduced substituents from the substituent-introduced fine fibers obtained in step (b) to obtain fine fibers from which substituents have been eliminated.2. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the electrostatic and/or steric functional substituents are phosphoric acid-derived groups and/or carboxylic acid-derived groups.3. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fine fibers have an average width of 2-1000 nm.4. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber material comprises hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups.5. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber material contains cellulose.6. The method for producing fine fibers according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber ...

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Номер записи: 51
09-04-2020 дата публикации

METHOD OF PRODUCING LIGNIN WITH REDUCED AMOUNT OF ODOROUS SUBSTANCES

Номер: US20200109157A1
Автор: ALVARADO Fernando, SEDIN Maria, TOMANI Per
Принадлежит: VALMET AB

The present invention relates to a method of producing lignin with reduced amount of odorous substances comprising the steps of: i) providing a solid phase lignin containing starting material to be contacted with a water solution comprising alcohol; ii) dissolving at least guaiacol and etylguaiacol content from the lignin into the water solution, and iii) draining off the water solution with its content of guaiacol and etylguaiacol; iv) obtaining a lignin material with a reduced content guaiacol and etylguaiacol. The alcohol is preferably a C1-C4 alcohol, preferably ethanol. The invention also relates to a lignin product with reduced odour obtained and/or obtainable by the method and to the use of the obtained lignin as a component in polymer blends, an additive or filler in building materials, as binding agent in adhesives, and/or for the production of a carbon fibre, especially in indoor applications. 1. Method for treatment of lignin in order to reduce odour from the lignin characterized in that providing a solid phase lignin containing starting material to be contacted with a water solution comprising alcohol;', 'dissolving at least guaiacol and etylguaiacol content from the lignin into the water solution, and', 'draining off the water solution with its content of guaiacol and etylguaiacol;', 'obtaining a lignin material with a reduced content guaiacol and etylguaiacol., 'said method comprises the steps of2. A method according to wherein the lignin containing starting material has dry matter content above 50 (w/w) claim 1 , and a lignin content of this dry matter content exceeding 50% (w/w).3. A method according to wherein the lignin containing starting material is mixed with water and alcohol in any order of mixing claim 1 , and the resulting mixture is allowed to mature during a residence time of at least 5 minutes before draining off the water solution.4. A method according to wherein the lignin containing starting material is a filter cake subjected to a ...

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Номер записи: 52
17-07-2014 дата публикации

Process for treating lignin

Номер: US20140200334A1
Автор: John C. Blackburn, Michael A. Lake
Принадлежит: LIQUID LIGNIN COMPANY LLC

A process for recovery of lignin from black liquor that contains either soluble or dispersed lignin by generating a “liquid lignin” at high yield is disclosed. Soluble lignin at a high pH is precipitated by reducing the pH of the black liquor stream by countercurrent reaction with carbon dioxide, at elevated temperature and pressure, creating a heavy lignin-rich phase and a light lignin-depleted phase. The heavy lignin-rich phase is separated and washed countercurrently with a non-sulfur containing acid, such as acetic acid, to displace metal cations from the lignin, creating a low-salt lignin, which is then formed into a low-dust, high-bulk density lignin fuel pellet. If desired, an oxidation step may be used to eliminate odor for lignins having high value green chemistry applications.

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Номер записи: 53
03-05-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LEVULINIC ACID

Номер: US20180118652A1
Автор: Altink Rinke Marcel, WOESTENBORGHS Pierre Louis
Принадлежит: Georgia-Pacific LLC

The invention relates to a process for the isolation of levulinic acid from an organic solution, comprising washing said organic solution with an alkaline aqueous stream to yield a washed organic solution; subjecting the washed organic solution to a distillation to yield a distillate and a distillation residue; and recovering levulinic acid from the distillate or the residue. This process may result in high yields of levulinic acid. 114-. (canceled)15. A process for separating levulinic acid from a composition , comprising:contacting a biomass hydrolysate comprising levulinic acid with a solvent comprising methyl tetrahydrofuran to produce an aqueous phase and an organic phase comprising the levulinic acid and the solvent;separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase;washing the organic phase with an alkaline aqueous stream to produce a washed organic phase and a spent washing water;distilling the washed organic phase to produce a distillate and a distillation residue; andseparating levulinic acid from at least one of the distillate and the distillation residue.16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the alkaline aqueous stream comprises a liquor stream from a paper plant.17. The process of claim 15 , wherein water is added to the washed organic phase prior to or during distillation of the washed organic phase.18. The process of claim 15 , wherein the alkaline aqueous stream comprises a liquor stream from a paper plant claim 15 , and wherein water is added to the washed organic phase prior to or during distillation of the washed organic phase.19. The process of claim 15 , further comprising contacting the biomass hydrolysate and the solvent with the spent washing water to produce the aqueous phase and the organic phase.20. The process of claim 15 , wherein the biomass hydrolysate further comprises at least one of formic acid and acetic acid.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the organic phase comprises about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of levulinic acid claim 20 ...

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Номер записи: 54
03-05-2018 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SOLVENT PURIFICATION

Номер: US20180119344A1
Автор: Eyal Aharon, Jansen Robert
Принадлежит:

A method including: (a) contacting lime with an extract including an S1 solvent carrying a contaminant load to form a lime treated extract; and (b) reducing the contaminant load by removing solids. 161-. (canceled)62. A method comprising:(a) contacting an extractant comprising S1 solvent carrying a contaminant load from an industrial process with lime to form a lime treated portion;(b) separating lime from the lime treated portion to form an extractant comprising S1 solvent carrying a reduced contaminant load; and(c) re-using the S1 solvent with the reduced contaminant load in the industrial process.63. The method of claim 62 , wherein the industrial process comprises acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic substrate.64. The method of claim 62 , wherein the industrial process comprises treating at least one of an acid hydrolyzate of a lignocellulosic substrate or a lignin composition with an extractant comprising S1 solvent.65. The method of claim 62 , wherein the contacting has a duration of at least 1 minute.66. The method of claim 62 , wherein the separating comprises one or more of filtering claim 62 , centrifuging claim 62 , settling claim 62 , and decanting.67. The method of claim 62 , wherein the S1 solvent is selected from the group consisting of an alcohol claim 62 , a ketone claim 62 , and an aldehyde having at least 5 carbon atoms claim 62 , or a combination thereof.68. The method of claim 62 , wherein the S1 solvent is an organic solvent having an aqueous solubility of less than 15% by weight.69. The method of claim 62 , wherein the S1 solvent comprises an alcohol.70. The method of claim 69 , wherein the S1 solvent is hexanol or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.71. The method of claim 62 , wherein the contaminant load comprises one or more impurities selected from the group consisting of a mineral acid claim 62 , an organic acid claim 62 , an alkyl chloride claim 62 , an alkyl acetate claim 62 , a phenol claim 62 , an aldehyde claim 62 , furfural claim 62 , ...

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Номер записи: 55
25-04-2019 дата публикации

RECOVER OF INORGANIC CHEMICALS OF THE PULP AND PAPER MAKING PROCESSES USING MICROWAVES AND RELATED TECHNIQUES

Номер: US20190119852A1
Автор: Chaouki Jamal, FARAG Sherif
Принадлежит: RMTech for Environmetal Solutions Inc.

There is described a process for the recovering of inorganic chemicals of pulp and paper making processes (IC) and the production of biochemicals from black liquor (BL) using microwaves (MW) comprising: (a) filtration of BL to produce filtered BL, in a media, (b) drying of said filtered BL with MW in said media to produce dried BL, (c) pyrolysis of said dried BL with MW in said media to produce bio-oil, biogas, and solid residue, (d) recovering of said bio-oil, and (e) recovering of IC and biocarbon from said solid residue. The disclosed process does not require chemical additives compared to processes rely on precipitation of lignin to recover said IC. The disclosed process supports efficient, direct, and long-lasting reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollutants resulting from the current processes rely on burning BL in recovery boilers to recover said IC. 1. A process for the recovering of inorganic chemicals of pulp and paper making processes (IC) and the production of biochemicals from black liquor (BL) using microwaves (MW) comprising:(a) filtration of BL to produce filtered BL, in a media,(b) drying of said filtered BL with MW in said media to produce dried BL,(c) pyrolysis of said dried BL with MW in said media to produce bio-oil, biogas, and solid residue,(d) recovering of said bio-oil, in a condensation system operating at a temperature about dew point of compounds to be recovered, and(e) recovering of IC and biocarbon from said solid residue.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said drying is performed for a time sufficient to allow generation of heat claim 1 , providing thermal drying at a temperature depends on characteristics of said filtered BL claim 1 , and or any other factors (for example claim 1 , about 105° C.).3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein said drying is performed through absorption of MW by said filtered BL claim 2 , water content in said filtered BL claim 2 , and or said media; wherein said filtered BL ...

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Номер записи: 56
12-05-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF SPENT PULPING LIQUOR FOR THE REMOVAL AND PRODUCTION OF A LIGNIN CONTAINING PRODUCT

Номер: US20160130752A1
Автор: ARKELL Anders, Olsson Johanna, Stigsson Lars
Принадлежит:

The present invention describes a method for the treatment of spent pulping liquor for the removal and production of organic substances rich in lignin and recovering or recycling of aqueous cooking chemicals to pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle, said method comprising passing a spent pulping liquor flow from a digester or an evaporator, DF or from any other step in between the digester and the evaporator, through a filtration step in which the flow is separated into one aqueous stream comprising cooking chemicals being recovered or recycled and one stream concentrated with the respect of organic substances; passing the stream concentrated with respect of organic substances either to a lignin depolymerisation step for the production of liquid and pumpable depolymerised lignin or passing the stream concentrated with respect to organic substances to a subsequent filtration step in which an aqueous solution is added and further treatments in order to produce a solid lignin containing product. 149-. (canceled)50. A method for the production of a stream of depolymerised lignin in liquid form by the treatment of a kraft spent cooking liquor (black liquor) comprising lignin and spent kraft cooking chemicals , said method comprising:a′) passing black liquor to one or more separation steps wherein the black liquor is divided into one or more aqueous alkaline streams comprising cooking chemicals and into one or more streams concentrated with respect to lignin;a″) recycling cooking chemicals to a pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle;b) passing or pumping a stream concentrated with respect to lignin from step a′ into a lignin depolymerisation step comprising one or more depolymerisation reactors in order to produce a stream of depolymerised lignin;c) further treating the stream of depolymerised lignin from step b) in one or more acidulation steps, extraction steps and/or separation steps in order to produce a depolymerised lignin product, substantially free from spent cooking ...

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Номер записи: 57
12-05-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR RECOVERING HYDROLYSATE

Номер: US20160130753A1
Автор: KUUSISTO Petteri, Lammi Lari, Rosengren Ismo
Принадлежит:

The method is for producing pulp. More particularly, a displacement batch cooking process comprises recovery of a first treatment liquid by draining of the digester, preferably not using a displacement liquid. The method may preferably be used in a prehydrolysis step, wherein the recovery of the by-products is improved. In the recovery step, after the target P-factor in the prehydrolysis stage is reached, the hydrolysate is withdrawn by draining in at least one phase obtaining a strong first liquid and thereafter any residual hydrolysate may be displaced. 1. A method for recovering a first treatment liquid in a displacement batch pulping process in a digester filled with comminuted cellulosic material and equipped with a bottom , a top and a middle liquid exchange position , said method comprising: after filling the digester with a first treatment liquid during or after the prehydrolyzing step the first liquid contained in the digester is subjected to circulation within the digester by withdrawing first liquid from middle liquid exchange position and reintroduction to top and bottom of digester such that the first liquid volume passes the chip volume at least 1 time, and washing out the carbohydrates dissolved in the hydrolysate;', 'draining of the first treatment liquid from the digester via one of the middle or bottom liquid exchange positions in at least a first draining phase obtaining a strong first liquid; and', 'sending at least a part of the strong first liquid to a dedicated processing position either for use in a different phase of the batch pulping process or for further processing wherein at least a part of the content of the strong first liquid is used for recovering bi-products., 'filling the digester with a first treatment liquid during or after a steam prehydrolyzing step wherein the process continues by,'}2. The method for recovering a first treatment liquid according to claim 1 , wherein the first treatment liquid is used during prehydrolysis of ...

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Номер записи: 58
21-05-2015 дата публикации

Methods of washing cellulose-rich solids from biomass fractionation to reduce lignin and ash content

Номер: US20150136345A1
Автор: Mehmet Sefik TUNC, Vesa Pylkkanen, Zheng DANG, Ziyu Wang
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

The present invention provides a process for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: digesting a biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, an acid, and water, to produce cellulose-rich solids; separating and washing the cellulose-rich solids with a wash solvent; washing the cellulose-rich solids with water, to generate washed cellulose-rich solids and a wash liquor comprising fines, wherein the wash liquor is introduced to or in contact with a classifier to remove the fines; and separating the fines and recycling the remaining water. The classifier may include a screen with mesh size in the range of 10 to 500, such as 200. The washed cellulose-rich solids will typically have a lower Kappa number (lignin content) and ash content compared to cellulose-rich solids from a process without a classifier that removes fines.

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Номер записи: 59
11-05-2017 дата публикации

METHODS FOR SEPARATING AND REFINING LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

Номер: US20170130398A1
Автор: Jansen Robert, LAPIDOT Noa, LAWSON James Alan
Принадлежит:

The invention relates methods and processes for the separation and refining of lignin from spent cooking liquor, called black liquor, present in industrial chemical plants, and compositions thereof. A process is provided for separating black liquor into at least two, three, or four streams selected from: (i) a gaseous stream comprising volatile sulfur compounds; (ii) a lignin-comprising stream produced by extracting lignin into a limited solubility solvent S; (iii) a salt stream, comprising solid sodium and sulfate salts; and (iv) a salt-depleted and lignin-depleted aqueous stream comprising hydrocarbons. 1. A process for separating black liquor into at least two , three , or four streams selected from:(i) a gaseous stream comprising volatile sulfur compounds;{'b': '1', '(ii) a lignin-comprising stream produced by extracting lignin into a limited-solubility solvent S;'}(iii) a salt stream, comprising solid sodium and sulfate salts; and(iv) a salt-depleted and lignin-depleted aqueous stream comprising hydrocarbons.2. A process for refining lignin from black liquor , the process comprising the steps of:{'b': '1', '(i) contacting black liquor with a limited-solubility solvent S, thereby forming a solution;'}{'sub': '2', '(ii) neutralizing the solution by addition of CO;'}(iii) separating precipitated salt from the solution;(iv) further acidifying the solution with mineral acid to a pH of at least 0.5 to at most 3.0;{'b': '1', '(v) separating the solution into a solvent S phase and an aqueous phase; and'}{'b': '1', '(vi) removing ash from the solvent S phase by contacting with a strong acid cation exchange resin;'}{'b': '1', 'thereby obtaining a refined solution of lignin in the solvent S phase.'}3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising one claim 2 , two claim 2 , three or four additional step(s) selected from:{'b': 1', '1, '(i) distilling or flash evaporating the solvent S phase, thereby removing the bulk of the limited-solubility solvent S to obtain a solid ...

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Номер записи: 60
09-05-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A BIO-PRODUCT

Номер: US20190136279A1
Автор: GIORDANO Dario, RIVA Daniele
Принадлежит: Beta Renewables S.p.A.

It is disclosed a process for producing a bio-product from a ligno-cellulosic biomass, wherein the ligno-cellulosic biomass, a gas and steam are introduced in a pressurized reactor operated in a continuous manner at conditions to have a vapor head space. In the pressurized reactor, the vapor head space is maintained at a vapor head space temperature and at a pressure which is at least 1 bar greater than a pure steam equilibrium pressure at the vapor head space temperature. The ligno-cellulosic biomass is then refined by rapidly releasing the pressure while discharging the ligno-cellulosic biomass from the pressurized reactor assembly to create a pre-treated ligno-cellulosic biomass, which is then hydrolyzed and converted to the bio-product. Preferably, at least a portion of the gas is air entrapped in the ligno-cellulosic biomass and it is introduced into the pressurized reactor as part of the ligno-cellulosic biomass. In a preferred embodiment, the lignocellulosic biomass is subjected to a soaking step and an aeration step prior to being introduced into the pressurized reactor, without any xylans separation step. 111-. (canceled)12. A process for producing a bio-product from a ligno-cellulosic biomass comprised of a total amount of xylans , a total amount of glucans , a total amount of lignin , and water , wherein the process comprises the steps of:a. introducing the ligno-cellulosic biomass, a total amount of gas, and steam into a pressurized reactor of a pressurized reactor assembly operated in a continuous manner at conditions to have a vapor head space in the pressurized reactor, wherein a portion of the steam condenses on the ligno-cellulosic biomass with the pressurized reactor;b. maintaining the ligno-cellulosic biomass in the pressurized reactor at a ligno-cellulosic biomass pressure greater than 10 bar for a residence time from 0.5 minutes to 120 minutes, at a vapor head space temperature in a range of 130° C. to 230° C., wherein the ligno-cellulosic ...

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Номер записи: 61
15-09-2022 дата публикации

A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN UPGRADED BIO-OIL FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20220290370A1
Автор: Carr Robert Henry, De Waele Bart, Martens Johan, Meyer Nathalie, Radhakrishnan Sambu, Verheyden Loes, Zeeuw Arend Jan
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing an upgraded bio-oil derived from black liquor, comprising the following steps: —Providing black liquor, which comes from the pulp and paper manufacturing industry; —Subjecting black liquor to a pyrolysis treatment with formation of a pyrolyzed black liquor gas and a solid mass, which comprises char and salts; —Catalytic conversion of said pyrolyzed black liquor gas by contacting at least part of the latter with a bi-metallic modified zeolite catalyst with formation of the upgraded bio-oil, which comprises benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), naphthalene and non-BTX products. 1. A process for manufacturing an upgraded bio-oil derived from a black liquor , comprising the following steps:providing the black liquor;subjecting the black liquor to a pyrolysis treatment and forming a pyrolyzed black liquor gas and a solid mass wherein the solid mass; comprises char and salts;forming the upgraded bio-oil, which comprises benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), naphthalene, and non-BTX products, through catalytic conversion of the pyrolyzed black liquor gas by contacting at least part of the pyrolyzed black liquor gas with a bi-metallic modified zeolite catalyst.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a first metal and a second metal are incorporated into said catalyst.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said first metal is a transition metal selected from Group IIB of the periodic table and wherein said second metal consists of:a. one metallic element selected from the Lanthanide series of the periodic table having an atomic number ranging from 57 to 60; orb. a transition metal of Group IB of the periodic table; orc. a transition metal of Group VIB of the periodic table.4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein said support catalyst has a silica alumina molar ratio from 5 to 300.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the support catalyst has an internal pore size distribution in the range of 4.5 to ...

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Номер записи: 62
07-05-2020 дата публикации

HYDROPHOBIC NANOCELLULOSE-COATED PAPER AND PAPERBOARD

Номер: US20200140658A1
Автор: NELSON Kimberly, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

In some variations, the present invention provides an oil-resistant paperboard material coated with hydrophobic nanocellulose. The paperboard material is free of a fluorocarbon coating. In other variations, an oil-resistant paper is coated with hydrophobic nanocellulose and is free of a fluorocarbon coating. The hydrophobic nanocellulose may include lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils, lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals, or a combination thereof. A process for producing these materials is also provided, comprising: fractionating a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin, wherein a portion of the lignin deposits onto a surface of the cellulose-rich solids, thereby rendering the cellulose-rich solids at least partially hydrophobic; mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form hydrophobic nanocellulose; and coating a paper or paperboard material with the hydrophobic nanocellulose, to generate an oil-resistant paper or paperboard material. 1. An oil-resistant paperboard material , wherein said paperboard material is at least partially coated with hydrophobic nanocellulose , and wherein said paperboard material is essentially free of a fluorocarbon coating.2. The paperboard material of claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic nanocellulose comprises lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils.3. The paperboard material of claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic nanocellulose comprises lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals.4. The paperboard material of claim 1 , wherein said paperboard material includes a first amount of lignin containing a first degree of sulfonation and a second amount of lignin containing a second degree of sulfonation claim 1 , wherein said first degree of sulfonation is lower than said second degree of sulfonation.5. The paperboard material of claim 4 , wherein said first amount of lignin is present in a lignin coating on ...

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Номер записи: 63
07-05-2020 дата публикации

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20200141057A1
Автор: HULTEBERG Christian, Stigsson Lars
Принадлежит:

A process for depolymerization of lignin, the process including using at least one catalyst internal to a pulp mill for performing catalytic treatment and separation of biomass components into cellulose and lignin rich material is provided. 119-. (canceled)20. A process for depolymerization of lignin , the process comprising:utilizing at least one catalyst internal to a pulp mill, the at least one catalyst occurring naturally in the pulp mill, for performing catalytic treatment and separation of biomass components into cellulose and lignin rich material;utilizing green liquor dregs or electrofilter ash as source of extraction for one or more of the catalyst components Co, Mo, Mn, Fe, Mg, W, Cd, As, Cu, Cr, Nb, Ni, Pd, Zn, Sr or V;wherein the process is performed on a black liquor or black liquor retentate obtained from a kraft process;wherein the process comprises utilizing one or more of the following substances; Fe, Mg, W, Cd, As, Cu, Cr, Nb, Ni, Pd, Zn, Sr and V, in levels higher than naturally occurring in weak black liquor.21. The process according to claim 20 , further comprising utilizing one or more of the following substances; Co claim 20 , Mo and Mn claim 20 , in levels higher than naturally occurring in weak black liquor.22. The process according to claim 20 , further comprising utilizing hydrogen or hydrogen donors in support of depolymerization claim 20 , the depolymerization performed in an aqueous phase of black liquor or black liquor retentate in a presence of alkali and/or in a presence of a solvent.23. The process according to claim 20 , the process utilizing separation of a lignin-rich organic phase from an aqueous phase forming spontaneously upon hydrogen assisted heat treatment at 250-360° C.24. The process according to claim 20 , the process utilizing separation of a lignin-rich organic phase from an aqueous phase claim 20 , the separation forming spontaneously upon hydrogen assisted heat treatment at 300-350° C.25. The process according to ...

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Номер записи: 64
23-05-2019 дата публикации

RENEWABLE AROMATICS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC LIGNIN

Номер: US20190153011A1
Автор: Simmons Blake, Singh Seema, Varanasi Patanjali
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides novel and improved processes for treating a lignocellulosic biomass or technical lignin using ionic liquids to obtain lignin breakdown products and polysaccharide biomass components. Recycling of ionic liquids can be included in the methods of the invention. 1. A method comprising:(i) contacting a starting material containing lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, or a mixture thereof with an ionic liquid to generate a solubilized material;(ii) precipitating at least a fraction of the solubilized material with a precipitant to generate a precipitated fraction and a supernatant;(iii) separating the precipitated fraction from the supernatant;(iv) combining the separated supernatant with a solvent that promotes phase separation of the ionic liquid and the precipitant; and(v) isolating the ionic liquid.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the precipitant.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reusing the ionic liquid claim 1 , the precipitant claim 1 , or the ionic liquid and the precipitant.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of [Cmim][OAc] claim 1 , EMIM Cl claim 1 , EMIM HOSO claim 1 , EMIM MeOSO claim 1 , EMIM EtOSO claim 1 , EMIM MeSO claim 1 , EMIM AlCl claim 1 , EMIM SCN claim 1 , BMIM Acetate claim 1 , BMIM Cl claim 1 , BMIM HOSO claim 1 , BMIM MeSO claim 1 , BMIM MeOSO claim 1 , BMIM AlCl claim 1 , BMIM SCN claim 1 , EDIM EtOSO claim 1 , MTEOA MeOSO claim 1 , MIM Cl claim 1 , MIM HOSO claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,4-trimethylpyrazolium methylsulfate claim 1 , tributylmethylammonium methylsulfate claim 1 , choline acetate claim 1 , and choline salicylate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is [Cmim][OAc].6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitant is selected from the group consisting of octanol claim 1 , hexanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 65
08-06-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR UTILIZING LIGNIN SEPARATED FROM BLACK LIQUOR AS LIME-KILN FUEL

Номер: US20170159238A1
Автор: MCKEOUGH Paterson
Принадлежит:

A method of utilizing lignin-containing material separated from spent kraft pulping liquor including: acidifying the liquor to a pH not less than seven thereby precipitating solid particles, separating precipitated solid particles from the accompanying liquid, and subjecting the separated precipitated solid particles to a washing process in which: the separated precipitated solid particles are washed with an aqueous medium or aqueous media in one or more washing steps, in each one of the washing steps, the aqueous washing medium contains, in a dissolved form, significant amounts of one or more added sodium salts, and a combined concentration of the added sodium salts in the washing medium in each of the washing step exceeds three percent by weight; and utilizing as fuel in a lime kiln at least part of the washed lignin-containing material is utilized as fuel in a lime kiln of a pulp mill. 1. A method of utilizing lignin-containing material separated from spent kraft pulping liquor comprising:acidifying the liquor, or fraction thereof, to a pH not less than 7 thereby precipitating solid particles,separating the precipitated solid particles from the liquor or a fraction thereof, and i. the separated precipitated solid particles are washed with an aqueous medium or aqueous media in one or more washing steps,', 'ii. in each of the one or more washing steps, the aqueous washing medium or media contains, in a dissolved form, significant amounts of one or more added sodium salts, and', 'iii. a combined concentration of the one or more added sodium salts in the aqueous washing medium or media in each of the washing step exceeds three percent (3%) by weight;, 'subjecting the separated precipitated solid particles to a washing process in whichutilizing as fuel in a lime kiln at least part of the washed, separated precipitated solid particles.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combined concentration of the one or more added sodium salts in the aqueous washing ...

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Номер записи: 66
18-06-2015 дата публикации

Biomass treatment for hydrothermal hydrocatalytic conversion

Номер: US20150167235A1
Автор: Joseph Broun Powell, Juben Nemchand Chheda
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A selective removal chlorine and phosphorus that are detrimental to subsequent hydrothermal hydrocatalytic conversion from the biomass feed prior to carrying out catalytic hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis/hydrodeoxygenation of the biomass in a manner that does not reduce the effectiveness of the hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment while minimizing the amount of water used in the process is provided.

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Номер записи: 67
18-06-2015 дата публикации

BIOMASS TREATMENT FOR HYDROTHERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC CONVERSION

Номер: US20150167238A1
Автор: CHHEDA Juben Nemchand, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит:

A selective removal of metal and its anion species that are detrimental to subsequent hydrothermal hydrocatalytic conversion from the biomass feed prior to carrying out catalytic hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis/hydrodeoxygenation of the biomass in a manner that does not reduce the effectiveness of the hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment while minimizing the amount of water used in the process is provided. 1. A method for selective removal of at least a portion of detrimental metals and their anions from a detrimental species-containing cellulosic biomass solids comprising:{'sup': '2', 'a. providing a first portion of cellulosic biomass solids being contacted by a first dispersed or semi-continuous liquid phase and first continuous gas phase at a temperature in the range of about 0° C. to about 60° C. in a first contact zone wherein the liquid phase comprises acid solution having a pH of at most 4 wherein the flux of the first liquid phase is at least 1 kg/(ms);'}{'sup': '2', 'b. providing said first dispersed or semi-continuous liquid phase treated cellulosic biomass solids being contacted by a second dispersed or semi-continuous liquid phase and second continuous gas phase at a temperature in the range of about 0° C. to about 60° C. in a second contact zone wherein the liquid phase comprises an aqueous solution having a pH of at least 5 wherein the flux of the second liquid phase is at least 1 kg/(ms);'}c. removing the first dispersed or semi-continuous liquid phase from the first contact zone as an acidic effluent;d. recovering the second dispersed or semi-continuous liquid phase from the second contact zone as aqueous effluent;e. recycling at least a portion of the aqueous effluent as a portion of the liquid phase in the first contact zone;f. transferring at least a portion of said second dispersed or semi-continuous liquid phase treated cellulosic biomass solids to a digestion and/or reaction zone.2. The method of wherein the first contact zone and the second ...

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Номер записи: 68
14-06-2018 дата публикации

GLYCOSYL HYDROLASE ENZYMES AND USES THEREOF FOR BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS

Номер: US20180163242A1
Автор: FUJDALA Meredith K., Hitz William D., Hsi Megan Y., Kim Steven S., Mitchinson Colin, Wing Keith D.
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to compositions that can be used in hydrolyzing biomass such as compositions comprising a polypeptide having glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 61/endoglucanase activity and/or a β-glucosidase polypeptide, methods for hydrolyzing biomass material, and methods for using such compositions. 5. The enzyme composition of any one of - , further comprising a polypeptide having GH61/endoglucanase activity or a whole cellulase enriched with the polypeptide having GH61/endoglucanase activity10. The engineered enzyme composition of any one of - , wherein the polypeptide having xylanase activity is: selected from a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that has at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO: 24 , 26 , 42 , or 43 , or to a mature sequence thereof; or encoded by a nucleotide having at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO:23 , 25 , or 41 , or by a nucleotide that is capable of hybridizing under high stringency condition to SEQ ID NO: 23 , 25 or 41 , or to a complement thereof.11. The engineered enzyme composition of any one of - , wherein:a) the polypeptide having β-xylosidase activity of Group 1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 or 10 or to a mature sequence thereof, and the polypeptide having β-xylosidase activity of Group 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% to SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 28, 30, or 45, or to a mature sequence thereof; orb) the polypeptide having β-xylosidase activity of Group 1 is encoded by a nucleotide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 or 10 or to a mature sequence thereof, and the polypeptide having β-xylosidase activity of Group 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% to SEQ ID NO: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 28, 30, or 45, or to a mature sequence thereof; orc) the polypeptide having β-xylosidase activity of Group 1 encoded by a nucleotide having at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or 9; ...

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Номер записи: 69
21-05-2020 дата публикации

BIOMASS, THERMAL PRESSURE HYDROLYSIS AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Номер: US20200157739A1
Автор: Bailey Nigel Anthony, Toll Christian Andrew Ian, Toll Ian Cecil, Walsh Andrew, Wang Zhengjian
Принадлежит:

A process is provided for preparing a low density, fibrous primary lignocellulose biomass, particularly straw for anaerobic digestion at large scale, i.e. >2 MW, which comprises a step that greatly increasing the density of the straw through size reduction, moisture adjustment and compression ahead of loading and subsequent agitation of the resultant biomass in a pressure vessel through an atmosphere of saturated steam providing heat for thermal-pressure hydrolysis and recovering treated biomass from the vessel. The primary lignocellulose biomass may be prepared in admixture with secondary biomass which may be manure-based. There is also provided a feedstock for anaerobic digestion comprising a fibrous primary lignocellulose biomass in a finely divided state, a secondary biomass providing anaerobically digestible nitrogen and aqueous liquid, the primary biomass having a disrupted cellular structure such that its inherent buoyancy in aqueous liquid is lost and digestible carbon is released and the mixture being in the form of an aqueous slurry in a sterilized state. The feedstock after thermal pressure hydrolysis may be anaerobically digested e.g. by wet mesophilic anaerobic digestion to achieve a high unit throughput and biomethane output thus allowing the deployment of the system at large scale within the anaerobic digestion industry. 1. A process of preparing a biomass for anaerobic digestion , which comprises:providing the biomass in a finely divided state, the biomass being a primary fibrous lignocellulose biomass;{'sup': '3', 'compressing the biomass and adding water and/or organic slurry to the biomass to form a feed batch having a bulk density of ≥350 kg/m;'}{'sup': '3', 'introducing the feed batch into a pressure vessel wherein the feed batch contains >125 kg of the primary lignocellulose per m;'}introducing an atmosphere of saturated steam into the pressure vessel and maintaining the saturated steam atmosphere at 133-220° C. and 3-10 bar whilst circulating ...

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Номер записи: 70
30-05-2019 дата публикации

Lignin-Based Electrolytes and Flow Battery Cells and Systems

Номер: US20190165402A1
Автор: Hamel Jonathan, ZHU Hongli
Принадлежит:

Lignin-based electrolytes and flow battery cells and systems for use with lignin-based electrolytes are disclosed. 1. An electrolyte for a flow battery , comprising lignin or ligninsulfonate dissolved in a liquid.2. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the liquid is aqueous.3. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the liquid comprises deionized water.4. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein a base has been added to the liquid.5. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein a base has been added to the liquid or the liquid is a base claim 1 , and the base is sodium hydroxide.6. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein an acid has been added to the liquid.7. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein an acid has been added to the liquid or the liquid is an acid claim 1 , and the acid is perchloric acid or acetic acid.8. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises lignin or ligninsulfonate at a concentration of about 250 to about 1000 g per liter.9. The electrolyte of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte comprises acid at a concentration of 0.05 M to 0.2M.10. The electrolyte of claim 9 , wherein the liquid is characterized by a pH from about 1 to about 5.11. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the lignin or ligninsulfonate is ultrafiltered lignin or ultrafiltered ligninsulfonate.12. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has a dynamic viscosity of about 1 cP to about 100 cP.13. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the lignin or ligninsulfonate claim 1 , has an average molecular weight of about 1 claim 1 ,500 to about 5 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.14. The electrolyte of claim 13 , wherein the lignin or ligninsulfonate has an average phenol group concentration of about 0.5 mmol gto 2.0 mmol g.15. The electrolyte of claim 14 , wherein the lignin or ligninsulfonate has an average phenol group concentration of about 1.11 mmol g claim 14 , an average molecular weight of about 4 claim 14 ,000 g/mol.16. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte does not include a ...

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Номер записи: 71
30-06-2016 дата публикации

Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass

Номер: US20160184797A1
Автор: Glenn Charles Komplin, Joseph Broun Powell, Juben Nemchand Chheda
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

Separation of a product of digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be challenging due to the various components contained therein. Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass, particularly a reaction product of a hydrothermal reaction containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, comprise providing the reaction product to a separation zone comprising a liquid-liquid extraction unit. The liquid-liquid extraction unit can provide an aqueous portion and a non-aqueous portion, where these portions can be separated into various fractions individually. For example, desirable compounds in the aqueous portion and non-aqueous portion can be recovered from the portions individually and optionally combined to be further processed into a fuels product. Heavier components in the aqueous portion and non-aqueous portion can be recovered from the portions individually and used in the process, such as phenolics that can be used as a digestion solvent.

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Номер записи: 72
18-09-2014 дата публикации

Methods for digestion of cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a phenolic solvent generated in situ from lignin

Номер: US20140275513A1
Автор: Joseph Broun Powell
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids can be enhanced in the presence of a phenolic solvent. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids can comprise providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion medium comprising water and an organic solvent; heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion medium in a digestion unit in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component and liberating lignin, the lignin forming a phenolics liquid phase partitioned from the digestion medium and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase; removing at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and accumulated slurry catalyst from the digestion unit; converting at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase into a phenolic solvent; and returning at least a portion of the phenolic solvent and the slurry catalyst to the digestion unit.

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Номер записи: 73
20-06-2019 дата публикации

Oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose materials

Номер: US20190185638A1
Автор: Kimberly Nelson, Theodora Retsina
Принадлежит: Granbio Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

An oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose material is disclosed herein, for nanocellulose sponges and other applications. The oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose material comprises lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils and/or lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the nanocellulose material is in the form of a 2D coating or layer, or a 3D object (e.g., foam or aerogel). The nanocellulose material may be disposed onto a scaffold. A process is provided for producing an oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose object, comprising fractionating a biomass feedstock with an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a lignin-containing liquor; mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form cellulose fibrils and/or cellulose crystals; generating a nanocellulose object from the intermediate nanocellulose material; exposing the nanocellulose object to the lignin-containing liquor to allow lignin to deposit onto a surface of the nanocellulose object; and recovering the oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose object.

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Номер записи: 74
11-06-2020 дата публикации

Method of treating fly ash of a recovery boiler

Номер: US20200181841A1
Автор: Ismo Reilama, Keijo Salmenoja, Marjukka Joutsimo, Niko Metsämuuronen
Принадлежит: ANDRITZ OY

A method of treating fly ash containing sodium sulfate from a recovery boiler of a chemical pulp mill. This method includes at least the following steps: a) ash is dissolved in an aqueous solution and the pH of the solution is adjusted with alkali for precipitating impurities, b) the solution is filtered for removing the impurities containing precipitate, c) sodium sulfate is crystallized from the solution and the crystals are separated from the solution by filtering or by centrifugation, and d) the crystallized sodium sulfate is used as initial material for producing sodium and sulfur containing chemicals or as process chemical.

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Номер записи: 75
22-07-2021 дата публикации

NANOLIGNOCELLULOSE COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESSES TO PRODUCE THESE COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20210221919A1
Автор: NELSON Kimberly, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

Some variations provide a new nanolignocellulose composition comprising, on a bone-dry, ash-free, and acetyl-free basis, from 35 wt % to 80 wt % cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose microfibrils, or a combination thereof, from 15 wt % to 45 wt % lignin, and from 5 wt % to 20 wt % hemicelluloses. The hemicelluloses may contain xylan or mannan as the major component. Novel properties arise from the hemicellulose content that is intermediate between high hemicellulose content of raw biomass and low hemicellulose content of conventional nanocellulose. The nanolignocellulose composition is hydrophobic due to the presence of lignin. Processes for making and using the nanolignocellulose compositions are also described. 1. A process for producing a nanolignocellulose composition , said process comprising:(a) providing a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock;(b) digesting said feedstock with a reaction solution including steam and/or hot water in a digestor under effective reaction conditions to produce a digested stream containing cellulose-rich solids, hemicellulose oligomers, and lignin;(c) optionally washing said cellulose-rich solids to remove at least a portion of said hemicellulose oligomers and/or at least a portion of said lignin from said cellulose-rich solids;(d) mechanically treating said cellulose-rich solids to form a nanolignocellulose composition containing cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals, hemicelluloses, and lignin; and(e) recovering said nanolignocellulose composition.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said nanolignocellulose composition comprises claim 1 , on a bone-dry claim 1 , ash-free claim 1 , and acetyl-free basis claim 1 , from about 35 wt % to about 80 wt % cellulose nanofibrils claim 1 , cellulose microfibrils claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , from about 15 wt % to about 45 wt % lignin claim 1 , and from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % hemicelluloses.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said nanolignocellulose composition is ...

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Номер записи: 76
23-07-2015 дата публикации

NANOCELLULOSE PRODUCTION USING LIGNOSULFONIC ACID

Номер: US20150204017A1
Автор: "OCONNOR Ryan", NELSON Kimberly, PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with lignosulfonic acids, to generate cellulose-rich solids; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The strong lignosulfonic acids created during delignification give a pH less than 1 and hydrolyze preferentially the amorphous regions of cellulose. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented to co-products. 1. A process for producing a nanocellulose material , said process comprising:(a) providing a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock;(b) fractionating said feedstock in the presence of lignosulfonic acids or a derivative thereof, at a pH selected from about 0 to about 6, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin;(c) mechanically treating said cellulose-rich solids to form cellulose fibrils and/or cellulose crystals, thereby generating a nanocellulose material having a crystallinity of at least 60%; and(d) recovering said nanocellulose material.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (b) is conducted in the presence of a compound selected from the group consisting of sulfurous acid claim 1 , sulfite ions claim 1 , sulfite salts claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (b) is conducted in the presence of a solvent for lignin claim 1 , water claim 1 , or both of these.4. The process of ...

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Номер записи: 77
25-09-2014 дата публикации

Method for lignin separation from black liquor comprising multiple acidification steps

Номер: US20140288284A1
Автор: Henrik Wallmo, Martin Wimby, Peter Bjorklund
Принадлежит: Valmet Power AB

The method is for separation of lignin from original black liquor (BL IN ) having the following phases in sequence; a first precipitation phase (PR1) for precipitation of lignin by a first acidification of the original black liquor by adding a first acid or mixture of acids (G 1a ); followed by a second precipitation phase (PR2) for precipitation of lignin by a further acidification of the original black liquor by adding a second acid or mixture of acids (G 1b ). The first phase is implemented to lower the pH while avoiding any larger amount of precipitation, i.e. less than 2-5%, while the second phase is implemented in order to obtain the larger part of the precipitation. In total is 40-70% of the total lignin content of the original black liquor precipitated while the residual black liquor after precipitation is still strongly alkaline.

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Номер записи: 78
18-06-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PULP, ENERGY, AND BIODERIVATIVES FROM PLANT-BASED AND RECYCLED MATERIALS

Номер: US20200188872A1
Автор: Barla Florin, Bobe Iulian, Kostenyuk Igor, Kumar Sandeep, Majeranowski Peter
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site. 1. (canceled)2. A method of producing pulp comprising:processing a feedstock into a processing size; andusing a subcritical water treatment process, treating the feedstock with a catalyst that comprises an alkaline catalyst at a concentration of about 1.5 to 10 weight percent or less in a reactor assembly having:an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength to produce a pulp product.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feedstock comprises one or more of seeds and agricultural crop wastes and residues such as corn stover claim 2 , wheat straw claim 2 , rice straw claim 2 , sugar cane bagasse claim 2 , and hemp.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the feedstock comprises hemp.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method provides for continuous flow of material through the reactor such that the process provides for continuous manufacture of paper pulp product claim 2 , cellulose claim 2 , or combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method is modular and scalable claim 2 , stationary ...

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Номер записи: 79
21-07-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING LIGNIN

Номер: US20160208436A1
Автор: Hiljanen Seppo
Принадлежит:

The invention provides a method and a system for separating lignin from a lignin containing liquid medium, such as pulp mill black liquor, and treating the separated lignin. The method comprises at least the following steps: a) a precipitation stage (1), wherein a pH lowering agent (A) is added to the lignin containing slurry for precipitating lignin, b) followed by a first separation stage (2), wherein the precipitated lignin is separated as a lignin cake from the remaining liquid phase of the lignin containing slurry, c) a suspending stage (3), wherein the lignin cake is suspended for obtaining a lignin suspension, d) a hydrothermal carbonization stage (4), wherein the lignin suspension is treated for obtaining a slurry of carbon containing material, and e) a second separa-tion stage (5), wherein the carbon containing material is separated from the slurry. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for separating lignin from a lignin containing liquid medium and treating the separated lignin , wherein the method comprises:precipitating lignin from the lignin containing liquid mediumthereafter subjecting the lignin to a hydrothermal carbonization process in a wet state, andrecovering carbon containing material derived from the lignin as the result of the carbonization after the hydrothermal carbonization process, the method further comprising:controlling particle size of the carbon containing material by adjusting the pH value of the lignin in a wet state before the hydrothermal carbonization process to a value above 7.20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the pH value of the lignin in a wet state before the hydrothermal carbonization process is adjusted to a value above 8.21. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the lignin is subjected to the hydrothermal carbonization in a suspension.22. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the lignin is subjected to the hydrothermal carbonization in a suspension at a pH value between 8 and 10.23. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 80
20-07-2017 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE PULP AND PULP-DERIVED PRODUCTS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Номер: US20170204563A1
Автор: PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora, RUTHERFORD Steven R.
Принадлежит:

The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars. 1. A process for producing pulp from biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing lignocellulosic biomass comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin;(b) digesting said biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract at least a portion of said hemicellulose into a liquid phase, thereby generating extracted solids, wherein step (b) does not include a chemical pulping method;(c) washing said extracted solids with water at a washing pH of about 7 or less, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids;(d) refining said washed solids at a refining pH of 4 to 6.5, thereby generating pulp; and(e) recovering or further processing said pulp.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said lignocellulosic biomass is selected from the group consisting of hardwoods claim 1 , softwoods claim 1 , forest residues claim 1 , industrial wastes consisting essentially of lignocellulosic material claim 1 , consumer wastes consisting essentially of lignocellulosic material claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The ...

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Номер записи: 81
27-07-2017 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING NANOCELLULOSE, AND NANOCELLULOSE COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREFROM

Номер: US20170210826A1
Автор: NELSON Kimberly, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

Various processes are disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials following steam extraction or hot-water digestion of biomass. Processes are also disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials from a wide variety of starting pulps or pretreated biomass feedstocks. The nanocellulose materials may be used as rheology modifiers in many applications. Water-based and oil-based drilling fluid formulations and additives are provided. Also, water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluid formulations and additives are provided. In other embodiments, polymer-nanocellulose composites are provided. 1. A process for producing a nanocellulose material , said process comprising:(a) providing a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock;(b) digesting said feedstock with a reaction solution including steam and/or hot water in a digestor under effective reaction conditions to produce a digested stream containing cellulose-rich solids, hemicellulose oligomers, and lignin;(c) optionally washing said cellulose-rich solids to remove at least a portion of said hemicellulose oligomers and/or at least a portion of said lignin from said cellulose-rich solids;(d) mechanically treating said cellulose-rich solids to form a nanocellulose material containing cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals; and(e) recovering said nanocellulose material.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (d) includes disk refining followed by homogenization of said cellulose-rich solids.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (d) is conducted at a solids consistency of at least 10 wt %.4. The process of claim 1 , said process further comprising exploding cellulose fibers contained in said cellulose-rich solids.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (d) utilizes a blow-line refiner claim 1 , optionally with pressure reduction.6. The process of claim 1 , said process further comprising treatment of said cellulose-rich solids with one or more enzymes.7. The process of claim 1 , said process further ...

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Номер записи: 82
27-07-2017 дата публикации

PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NANOCELLULOSE, AND COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREFROM

Номер: US20170210827A1
Автор: "OCONNOR Ryan", NELSON Kimberly, PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites. 1. A process for producing a nanocellulose material , said process comprising:(a) providing a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock;(b) fractionating said feedstock in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin;(c) mechanically treating said cellulose-rich solids to form cellulose fibrils and/or cellulose crystals, thereby generating a nanocellulose material having a crystallinity of at least 60%; and(d) recovering said nanocellulose material.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said acid is selected from the group consisting of sulfur dioxide claim 1 , sulfurous acid claim 1 , sulfur trioxide claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , lignosulfonic acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (c) does not employ any enzymes or acids.4. The process of claim 1 , said process further comprising bleaching said cellulose- ...

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Номер записи: 83
27-07-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR HANDLING SPENT WASH SOLUTION OF A LIGNIN-RECOVERY PROCESS

Номер: US20170211232A1
Автор: MCKEOUGH Paterson
Принадлежит:

A method for handling spent wash solution produced in the washing of lignin that has been precipitated and then separated from spent alkaline pulping liquor. At least part of the spent wash solution is introduced into the chemical recovery cycle at a location in that part of the cycle which starts at, and includes, the smelt dissolving stage and ends at, and includes, the pulping stage. In preferred embodiments, input of other water and/or aqueous solution into the chemical recovery cycle after the recovery boiler is adjusted so that, as a consequence of the introduction of the spent wash solution, the amount of water in the white liquor going to the pulping line is not significantly increased. Among others, two preferred locations for the introduction of the spent wash solution are (1) the smelt dissolver and (2) the location where unwashed lime mud is diluted. 1. A method for handling spent wash solution produced during washing of lignin that has been precipitated and then separated from spent alkaline pulping liquor at a pulp mill , in which method the separated lignin is washed in at least one washing step being conducted under acidic conditions , wherein at least part of the spent wash solution from the at least one washing step is introduced into a chemical recovery cycle at a location in that part of the cycle which part includes a smelt dissolving stage , a green liquor treatment , white liquor preparation , and a pulping stage.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein input of other water and/or aqueous solution into the chemical recovery cycle in that part of the cycle which starts at claim 1 , and includes claim 1 , the smelt dissolving stage and ends at claim 1 , and includes claim 1 , the pulping stage is adjusted so that claim 1 , as a consequence of the introduction of the spent wash solution claim 1 , an amount of water in white liquor going from the white liquor preparation to the pulping stage is not significantly increased.3. The method ...

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Номер записи: 84
04-07-2019 дата публикации

Process for Isolation of Hemicelluloses From Biomass Pulping Process Waters or Spent Liquors

Номер: US20190203416A1
Автор: Shagaev Oleg, Wiesegger Lukas
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for isolation of hemicelluloses from biomass pulping process waters or spent liquors with removal of suspended solids, concentration of the product and purification of the product by removal of inorganic salts and low molecular weight substances. It is characterized in that the hemicellulose isolation process conditions at several separation/purification stages are adjusted separately by e.g. pH adjustment. The invention further relates to a plant for carrying out the process. With such process and plant it is possible to recover most of the suspended solids, especially xylan and other hemicelluloses. 19-. (canceled)10. Process for isolation of hemicelluloses from biomass pulping process waters or spent liquors with removal of suspended solids , comprising the steps of:(a) providing an incoming stream (A) containing hemicellulose and coarse suspended solids having a pH;(b) adjusting the pH of the incoming stream (A) to yield a pH-adjusted incoming stream (C) having a pH within a range of 8-11;(c) feeding the pH-adjusted incoming stream (C) to a filtration unit for removal of coarse suspended solids (I) to produce a clear fluid stream (G) having a pH;(d) adjusting the pH of the clear fluid stream (G) to a pH within the range of 8-11 and dissolving high molecular weight hemicelluloses to form a fraction (G′, J) having dissolved inorganic salts;(e) enriching the clear fluid stream to form a concentrate (L);(f) adjusting the pH of the concentrate (L) to a pH within the range of 4.0-4.5 to form a stream (N) having inorganic salts; and(g) removing inorganic salts from the stream (N).11. The process of claim 10 , further comprising a step of removing fine suspended solids and colloidal substances from the clear fluid stream (G) after the pH of the clear fluid stream (G) is adjusted in step (d).12. The process of claim 10 , wherein the final product after step (g) has a dryness of 15-30%.13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the final ...

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Номер записи: 85
03-08-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREPARING FLAVORFUL COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND PRODUCTS INCORPORATING THE FLAVORFUL COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20170215471A1
Автор: Dube Michael Francis, Gerardi Anthony Richard, Junker Christopher
Принадлежит:

A method of isolating compounds from a tobacco-derived black liquor, including receiving a black liquor from a pulping process of an input material comprising a plant of the species, treating the black liquor with an acid to lower the pH of the black liquor to about 7 or lower in order to produce a precipitate and an acidified black liquor, separating the precipitate and the acidified black liquor, extracting the acidified black liquor with an organic solvent in order to produce an organic layer extract and an aqueous layer extract, and separating the organic layer extract and the aqueous layer extract. 1. A method of isolating compounds from a tobacco-derived black liquor , comprising:{'i': 'Nicotiana', 'receiving a black liquor from a pulping process of an input material comprising a plant of the species;'}treating the black liquor with an acid to lower the pH of the black liquor to about 7 or lower in order to produce a precipitate and an acidified black liquor;separating the precipitate and the acidified black liquor;extracting the acidified black liquor with an organic solvent in order to produce an organic layer extract and an aqueous layer extract; andseparating the organic layer extract and the aqueous layer extract.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising neutralizing the acidified black liquor to a pH of about 7 prior to the step of extracting the acidified black liquor.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concentrating the organic layer extract by evaporating the organic solvent in order to produce a concentrated organic layer extract.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising treating the concentrated organic layer extract with a drying agent in order to remove excess water.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising separating the concentrated organic layer extract into multiple fractions claim 3 , wherein each fraction comprises at least one flavor compound.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one flavor compound is ...

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Номер записи: 86
04-08-2016 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE PULP AND PULP-DERIVED PRODUCTS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Номер: US20160222586A1
Автор: PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora, RUTHERFORD Steven R.
Принадлежит:

The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars. 1. A process for producing pulp from biomass , said process comprising:(a) providing lignocellulosic biomass comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin;(b) digesting said biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract at least a portion of said hemicellulose into a liquid phase, thereby generating extracted solids, wherein step (b) does not include a chemical pulping method;(c) separating at least some of said liquid phase from said extracted solids;(d) washing said extracted solids with water at a washing pH of about 7 or less, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids;(e) separating at least some of said liquid wash filtrate from said washed solids;(f) refining said washed solids at a refining pH of 4 to 6.5, thereby generating pulp; and(g) recovering or further processing said pulp,wherein step (c) is performed prior to step (d), wherein said liquid phase separated in step (c) and said liquid wash filtrate are separately processed and not later combined.2. The process of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 87
13-08-2015 дата публикации

Conditioning of so2-ethanol-water spent liquor for fermentation by clostridia

Номер: US20150225896A1
Автор: Adriaan Van Heiningen, Evangelos SKLAVOUNOS
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

The present invention relates to producing chemicals and biofuels from wood material, e.g. mixed forest biomass. Specifically, the invention concerns a process for conditioning spent liquor produced by SO 2 -ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of wood chips for fermentation to butanol, ethanol and acetone/isopropanol (so called ABE process) by Clostridia bacteria.

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Номер записи: 88
13-08-2015 дата публикации

Method of producing dissolving pulp, dissolving pulp and use of method

Номер: US20150225901A1
Автор: Asikainen Sari, Harlin Ali, Määttänen Marjo, Sivonen Eino, Valta Kyösti
Принадлежит:

A method of producing dissolving pulp from a recycled fibrous feedstock. The method comprises providing a fibrous material comprising cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, said fibre source further having a lignin content of 0.1 to 7% lignin and an ash content of up to 3%; subjecting the fibrous material to an alkaline extraction at a temperature of about 0 to 25° C., to produce fibres having a reduced content of hemicellulose; subjecting the fibres thus obtained to a bleaching treatment carried out with oxidative chemical reagents in order to reduce the lignin content of the fibres; and recovering the fibres thus obtained. By means of the method, dissolving pulp can be produced from recycled paper and cardboard products. 1. A method of producing dissolving pulp from a recycled fibrous feedstock , comprising the steps ofproviding a fibrous material comprising cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, said fibre source further having a lignin content of 0.1 to 7% lignin and an ash content of up to 3%;subjecting the fibrous material to an alkaline extraction at a temperature of about 0 to 25° C., to produce fibres having a reduced content of hemicellulose;subjecting the fibres thus obtained to a bleaching treatment carried out with oxidative chemical reagents in order to reduce the lignin content of the fibres; andrecovering the fibres thus obtained.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycled fibrous feedstock is selected from recycled paper and recycled cardboard products and combinations thereof which comprise at least 1% by weight of lignocellulosic fibre materials.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous material comprises the recycled fibrous feedstock or is produced therefrom.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous material comprises at least 50% by weight of cellulosic fibres.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous material comprises 50 to 95% by weight of fibres of chemical pulping and 5 to 50% by ...

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Номер записи: 89
03-08-2017 дата публикации

Pulping Liquors and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20170218287A1
Автор: Downie Robert, Humphreys Leonard James, Rowlands William, Watson Paul
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and pulping liquor;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture;wherein the reaction mixture and product mixture move in continuous flow through reactor vessel during said treating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of:(i) lignite feedstock;(ii) lignocellulosic feedstock; or(iii) a mixture of lignocellulosic and lignite feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of lignocellulosic feedstock.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulping liquor is black pulping liquor (black liquor).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the black liquor comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '3, '(i) between about 4 wt % and 10 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH), between about 10 wt % and 30 wt % sodium sulfide (NaS), between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt % sodium carbonate (NaCO), between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt % sodium sulfite (NaSO), between about 8 wt % and about 20 wt % sodium sulfate (NaSO), between about 10 wt % and about 25 wt % sodium thiosulfate (NaSO), and between about 10 wt % and about 90 wt % organic solids or between about 30% and about 70% organic solids; or'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', ...

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Номер записи: 90
20-08-2015 дата публикации

PURIFICATION PROCESS FOR PARTLY-HYDROLYZED CELLULOSE

Номер: US20150233056A1
Автор: Lockhart James M.
Принадлежит: NORAM Engineering and Constructors Ltd.

A method of recovering purified partly-hydrolyzed cellulose () from a composition () comprising partly-hydrolyzed cellulose and an acid, such as sulfuric acid. A base () having a cation that forms a precipitate with the anion of the acid is added to the composition. For example, a base such as barium hydroxide is added to form a sulfate precipitate. The precipitate () is then separated from the partly-hydrolyzed cellulose (), thus reducing its acid content. The method may include additional steps of centrifugation () of the composition, breaking-up agglomerations () in the composition after precipitation, and dialysis (). 1. A method of recovering purified partly-hydrolyzed cellulose from a composition comprising partly-hydrolyzed cellulose and an acid , comprising the steps of:(a) adding a base to the composition of partly-hydrolyzed cellulose and acid, said base having a cation that forms a precipitate with an anion of the acid, thereby forming the precipitate; and(b) separating the partly-hydrolyzed cellulose in the product of step (a) from the precipitate.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , before step (a) claim 1 , the step of diluting the composition and centrifuging the diluted composition to remove the acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , after step (a) and before (b) claim 1 , a step of agglomeration break-up of the product of step (a).4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , before step (a) claim 1 , a step of dialysis of the composition comprising partly-hydrolyzed cellulose and acid.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , after step (b) claim 1 , a step of dialysis of the partly-hydrolyzed cellulose product of step (b).6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) is done by at least one selected from the group consisting of settling claim 1 , centrifuging and filtering claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 91
20-08-2015 дата публикации

Lignin-coated cellulose fibers from lignocellulosic biomass

Номер: US20150233057A1
Автор: Mehmet Sefik TUNC, Theodora Retsina, Vesa Pylkkanen
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings LLC

A process is provided for producing a lignin-coated cellulose material, comprising: pre-extracting a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of steam or hot water, depositing lignin from the liquid onto a surface of solids to generate a lignin-coated intermediate material; optionally drying the intermediate material; digesting the lignin-coated intermediate material in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, wherein the rate of delignification of surface lignin is lower than the rate of delignification of bulk lignin; and recovering a hydrophobic lignin-coated cellulose material. In some variations, part of the overall process is a combination of Green Power+® and AVAP® technologies. A cellulose-rich composition is provided, containing about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % total lignin, with particles having a higher average surface concentration of lignin compared to an average bulk (internal) concentration of lignin.

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Номер записи: 92
11-08-2016 дата публикации

Method for treating lignin-based material

Номер: US20160230099A1
Автор: Henrik Romar, Pekka Tynjaelae, Tuomo Hilli
Принадлежит: Valmet Technologies Oy

A method of treating lignin-based material is provided, comprising the steps of subjecting lignin separated from lingo-cellulosic raw material to hydrothermal carbonization process at an elevated temperature, where carbonized lignin having increased carbon content is obtained, and stabilizing the obtained carbonized lignin under inert atmosphere at a stabilization temperature higher than the temperature of the hydrothermal carbonization process.

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Номер записи: 93
10-08-2017 дата публикации

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN, LIGNIN-WAX COMPOSITIONS, THEIR PREPARATION, AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20170226344A1
Автор: BERLIN Alex, Mulyk Paul
Принадлежит:

A wax composition comprising a lignin derivative wherein the derivative has a total hydroxyl content of from about 0.1 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g. 1. A wax composition comprising a lignin derivative extracted from a lignocellulosic biomass , wherein the lignin derivative comprises a total hydroxyl content of from about 0.1 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g.2. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the total hydroxyl content is from about 3 mmol/g to about 6.4 mmol/g.3. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin derivative further comprises a phenolic hydroxyl content from about 3 mmol/g to about 6 mmol/g.4. The wax composition according to claim 1 , the lignin derivative further comprising alkoxy groups.5. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is from a hardwood biomass claim 1 , a softwood biomass claim 1 , or an annual fibre biomass.6PopulusEucalyptusAcacia. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is from spp. claim 1 , spp. claim 1 , spp. claim 1 , or any combination/hybrid thereof.7. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is selected from pine claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or any combination/hybrid thereof.8. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is from wheat straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , corn cobs claim 1 , or any combination/hybrid thereof.9. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the wax composition is an emulsion.10. The wax composition according to claim 1 , wherein the wax composition is a slack wax composition.11. The wax composition according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , on a solid content basis claim 1 , from about 0.1% to about 90% claim 1 , by weight of the lignin derivative.12. The wax composition according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , on a solid content basis claim 1 , from about 1% to about 50% claim 1 , by weight of the lignin ...

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Номер записи: 94
10-08-2017 дата публикации

DETOXIFYING AND RECYCLING OF WASHING SOLUTION USED IN PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS

Номер: US20170226694A1
Автор: Huang Hong Zhi, Ren Haiyu, Zheng Jie
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process of detoxifying pretreated lignocellulose-containing material comprising washing the pretreated lignocellulose-containing material in a washing solution and treating the used washing solution to remove an enzyme inhibitor and/or an inhibitor of a fermenting organism before recycling the used washing solution. 136.-. (canceled)37. A process for converting a lignocellulose-containing material into a hydrolyzate comprising mono- and oligosaccharides , the method comprising the steps of:(a) subjecting a lignocellulose-containing material to a pretreatment;(b) washing the pretreated lignocellulose-containing material in an aqueous washing solution;(c) separating the pretreated and washed lignocellulose-containing material from the used washing solution, to obtain a pretreated and washed lignocellulose-containing material;(d) removing an enzyme inhibitor and/or an inhibitor of a fermenting organism from the used aqueous washing solution obtained in step (c) by contacting the used aqueous washing solution obtained in step (c) with a column comprising a resin directly after washing and separating, and recycling the used aqueous washing solution with less enzyme inhibitor and/or less inhibitor of a fermenting organism to step (b);(e) enzymatically hydrolyzing the separated lignocellulose-containing material obtained in step (c) resulting in at least partial hydrolysis of the cellulose and/or hemicellulose to obtain a hydrolyzate comprising mono- and/or oligosaccharides; and(f) continuously repeating steps (a) to (e).38. The process of claim 37 , wherein the lignocellulose-containing material originates from materials selected from the group consisting of: corn stover claim 37 , corn fiber claim 37 , hard wood claim 37 , soft wood claim 37 , cereal straw claim 37 , switch grass claim 37 , rice hulls claim 37 , municipal solid waste claim 37 , industrial organic waste claim 37 , office paper claim 37 , and mixtures thereof.39. The process of ...

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Номер записи: 95
10-08-2017 дата публикации

INTEGRATED KRAFT PULP MILL AND THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION SYSTEM

Номер: US20170226695A1
Автор: HUMPHREYS Leonard James James, PUDLAS Martin William, ROWLANDS William Neil, SPANKIE James Allan, THEW Robert William Clayton, ULOTH Victor Charles, Watson Paul Andrew
Принадлежит:

This disclosure pertains to the use of black liquors from kraft pulp mills as a source of catalysts for the thermochemical conversion of organic matter feedstocks to bio oils. More particularly, some embodiments pertain to integrated kraft pulp mill and thermochemical conversion systems, which include: a Kraft pulp mill comprising a digester for digesting a lignocellulosic material with white liquor to produce pulp and black liquors; a thermochemical conversion subsystem comprising: at least one mixing tank for combining pulping liquors received from the pulp mill with an organic matter feedstock and water to produce a reaction mixture; a reactor vessel for treating the reaction mixture received from the mixing tank at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter in the reaction mixture into a product mixture comprising a bioproduct and an aqueous stream containing both organic and inorganic compounds; and a depressurizer for depressurizing product mixture received from the reactor vessel; and one or more conveyors for conveying the pulping liquors from the pulp mill to the mixing tank. 1. An integrated Kraft pulp mill and thermochemical conversion system , the system comprising:a Kraft pulp mill comprising a digester for digesting a lignocellulosic material with white liquor to produce pulp and black liquors; at least one mixing tank for combining pulping liquors received from the pulp mill with an organic matter feedstock and water to produce a reaction mixture;', 'a reactor vessel for treating the reaction mixture received from the mixing tank at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter in the reaction mixture into a product mixture comprising a bioproduct and an aqueous stream containing both organic and inorganic compounds; and', 'a depressurizer for depressurizing product mixture received from the reactor vessel;, 'a thermochemical conversion ...

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Номер записи: 96
18-07-2019 дата публикации

NANOCELLULOSE-POLYMER COMPOSITES, AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THEM

Номер: US20190218372A1
Автор: "OCONNOR Ryan P.", NELSON Kimberly, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит:

A polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite as disclosed comprises a polymer, nanocellulose, and lignin, wherein lignin forms a hydrophobic interface between the polymer and the nanocellulose. In some variations, a process is disclosed for producing a polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite material, comprising: fractionating lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin, wherein lignin deposits onto fiber surfaces or into fiber pores; mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form a hydrophobic nanocellulose material comprising cellulose fibrils and/or cellulose crystals; hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate fermentable hemicellulosic sugars; fermenting the fermentable hemicellulosic sugars to generate a monomer or monomer precursor; polymerizing the monomer to produce a polymer; and combining the polymer with the lignin-coated nanocellulose to generate a polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite material for use in a wide variety of products. 1. A polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite comprising a hydrophobic polymer , about 0.05 wt % to about 50 wt % nanocellulose , and about 0.01 wt % to about 20 wt % lignin , wherein at least a portion of said lignin forms an interface between said hydrophobic polymer and said nanocellulose , and wherein said nanocellulose consists essentially of lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils , lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals , or a blend of lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils and lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals.2. The polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite of claim 1 , wherein said composite comprises about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % nanocellulose.3. The polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite of claim 1 , wherein said composite comprises about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % nanocellulose.4. The polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite of claim 1 , wherein said composite comprises about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % ...

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Номер записи: 97
25-07-2019 дата публикации

ACID RECOVERY FROM ACID-RICH SOLUTIONS

Номер: US20190225492A1
Автор: AZERRAF Clarite, KREMER Inbar, Lapidot Shaul
Принадлежит: MELODEA LTD.

Provided is an unique, efficient and cost-effective process for the recovery of acid from acid-rich solutions. The process of the subject matter utilizes a strong oxidizer, such as Caro's acid, to disintegrate or render insoluble organic or inorganic materials such as carbohydrates and complexes thereof contained in acid-rich solutions, to make efficient and simple the separation and recovery of the acid solution. The acid recovered thus obtained is free of organic matter, and containing nearly all of the acid originally contained in the acid-rich solution. 1. A process for recovery of sulfuric acid from sulfuric acid-rich aqueous solution comprising at least 40% sulfuric acid (by weight) , the solution comprising at least one organic soluble or insoluble material selected from the group consisting of galactose , rhamnose , xylose , mannose , cellulose , glucose , hydroxymethylfurfural , galacturinic acid , lignin , levulinic acid , cellulose ethers and cellulose esters , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'treating said sulfuric acid solution with up to 10 wt % HO, at a temperature up to 130° C.;'}to yield a sulfuric acid solution comprising separable insoluble or gaseous species derived from decomposition of said at least one organic soluble or insoluble material.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfuric acid-rich aqueous solution comprises between 40% and 63% or 59% and 63% sulfuric acid (by weight).3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein recovery of sulfuric acid is from a process of producing nanocrystalline cellulose.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein treating of the sulfuric acid with up to 10 wt % HOforms Caro's acid in the solution and decomposes the at least one organic soluble or insoluble material.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solution is treated with 5 wt % HO.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the HOis added in the form of a Caro's acid solution. The invention generally provides ...

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Номер записи: 98
06-11-2014 дата публикации

Processes for Purifying a Cellulosic Material

Номер: US20140326421A1
Автор: Allen Leslie, Arora Dinesh, Bansal Prabuddha, Combs Michael T., Fallon Denis G., Garrett Thomas S., Kizer Lawton, Li Bin, Li Rongfu, Mehta Jay, Pan Tianshu, Tu Xiaoyan
Принадлежит: Celanese International Corporation

A process for treating a cellulosic material comprising extracting the cellulosic material with an extractant to selectively extract hemicellulose therefrom and separating the extracted hemicellulose to form a cellulosic product comprising less hemicellulose than the cellulosic material. The extractant comprises a cellulose solvent and a co-solvent. The cellulosic product advantageously retains its cellulosic fiber morphology. The processes involve separating and recovering the hemicellulose and separating and recycling various process streams employed in the process. 1. A process for purifying a cellulosic material , comprising:extracting hemicellulose from the cellulosic material with an extractant to form an intermediate cellulosic material having a reduced hemicellulose content;concentrating the intermediate cellulosic material to form a concentrated cellulosic material having an increased solids content; andrecovering the separated hemicellulose;wherein the extractant comprises a cellulose solvent and a co-solvent, and the cellulose solvent is selected from the group consisting of an ionic liquid, an amine oxide and combinations thereof.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the extracting forms an extraction mixture and wherein the extraction mixture is separated in a filter to form the intermediate cellulosic material and an extraction filtrate comprising the hemicellulose claim 1 , the cellulose solvent and the co-solvent.3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising:directing the extraction filtrate to a membrane to remove at least a portion of the cellulose solvent and the co-solvent from the extraction filtrate; andprecipitating the extraction filtrate with a precipitation agent in a precipitator to form a precipitation slurry;wherein the precipitation agent is selected from the group consisting of alcohol, a ketone, a nitrile, an ether, an ester, a carboxylic acid, a halide, a hydrocarbon compound, an amine, a heterocyclic compound, water, and combinations ...

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Номер записи: 99
01-08-2019 дата публикации

METHOD OF RECYCLING BY-PRODUCT GENERATED IN PAPERMAKING PROCESS

Номер: US20190234018A1
Автор: AHN Ji-Whan
Принадлежит: KOREA INSTITUTE OF GEOSCIENCE AND MINERAL RESOURCE

A method of recycling a by-product generated in a papermaking process including, pulverizing a by-product produced in a papermaking process to prepare a pulverized product, burning the pulverized product to prepare a burned product, hydrating the burned product to prepare a hydrate; and manufacturing paper from the hydrate and a paper slurry is provided, which allows reuse of by-products generated in conventional papermaking processes such as lime mud and lime kiln CaO, which is environmentally friendly as well as cost-effective, and also the level of whiteness of the by-products such as lime mud and lime kiln CaO generated in a papermaking process can be improved to that of a high-grade raw material, making it possible to also improve the whiteness of paper. 1. A method of recycling a by-product generated in a papermaking process comprising:pulverizing a by-product produced in a papermaking process to prepare a pulverized product;burning the pulverized product to prepare a burned product;hydrating the burned product to prepare a hydrate; andmanufacturing paper from the hydrate and a paper slurry.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the by-product generated in the papermaking process comprises at least one of lime mud and lime kiln CaO.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,burning the pulverized product is performed at a temperature of 900 to 1,300° C. for 0.5 to 3 hours.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,hydrating the burned product is performed at a temperature of 20 to 90° C. for 3 to 12 hours after adding water.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrate is Ca(OH).6. The method of claim 1 , wherein manufacturing the paper comprises claim 1 ,adding the paper slurry into a reaction tank,adding the hydrate into the reaction tank and mixing to form a mixture,{'sub': '2', 'injecting COgas into the mixture, and'}{'sub': '2', 'adding the COgas-injected mixture to a sheet former for molding into paper.'}7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the COgas is ...

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Номер записи: 100