ВРЕМЕННОЕ ДОРОЖНОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ

Полезная модель относится к дорожному строительству и может быть использована при сооружении временных дорог через труднопроходимую местность, строительстве на ней временных площадок для размещения техники, посадочных площадок для вертолетов. Технический результат предлагаемого варианта конструкции временного дорожного покрытия - повышение ресурса временного дорожного покрытия. Временное дорожное прикрытие содержит плиту из древесины или влагостойкой фанеры. С обеих сторон или с одной стороны к плите из древесины или влагостойкой фанеры приклеены листы из пластика. По торцам плиты из древесины или влагостойкой фанеры расположены крепежные элементы. В лист пластика вдавлено или вварено нетканое или тканое полотно, а лист пластика приклеен к плите из древесины или влагостойкой фанеры через нетканое или тканое полотно. Технический результат достигается тем, что в лист пластика вваривается или вдавливается тканое или нетканое полотно, которое имеет хорошие адгезионные способности. В результате ...

СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ

Настоящая полезная модель относится к строительным конструкциям и касается строительных элементов, которые могут найти применение для подсвечивания и/или декоративного оформления различных дорожек, тротуаров, а также для отделки внутренних и наружных поверхностей зданий и сооружений. Технический результат заключается в повышении прочностных характеристик. Строительный элемент сформирован, по меньшей мере, из двух слоев полимерного материала на основе смолы, один из которых содержит первый наполнитель с люминисцирующим веществом, причем первый наполнитель выполнен в виде измельченного полимерного материала, при этом один из слоев материала содержит второй наполнитель в виде измельченного минерального материала и расположен за одним из слоев с первым наполнителем.

ПЛИТКА ДОРОЖНО-ТРОТУАРНАЯ ДВУХСЛОЙНАЯ

Изобретение относится к области строительства, а именно к дорожно-тротуарным покрытиям с невысокой статической и динамической весовой нагрузкой. Технический результат - повышение эксплуатационно-технических характеристик плитки за счет обеспечения надежного и долговечного сцепление двух слоев различных по физическим свойствам материалов на протяжении всего срока службы изделия. Двухслойная дорожно-тротуарная плитка выполнена с нижним бетонным основанием, верхним лицевым полимерным слоем на основе полимерного связующего полиуретана, резиновой крошки из отходов резины или изношенных автопокрышек с добавлением красителя и встроенной армирующей решеткой из пружинистой проволоки диаметром 0,04 толщины плитки. Решетка встроена в бетонный слой на глубину 0,5 толщины бетонного слоя и в верхний полимерный слой на 0,5 толщины полимерного слоя. Габаритные размеры плитки составляют 0,6-0,8 габаритных размеров плитки. По периметру полимерного слоя, начиная от верхнего края бетонного слоя, выполнена ...

Наполнитель травмобезопасного покрытия

Изобретение относится к области строительства, в частности к наполнителю травмобезопасных покрытий, укладываемых на различные поверхности на территориях, расположенных как в помещениях, так и на улице. Наполнитель травмобезопасного покрытия состоит из двух компонентов. Первый компонент наполнителя представляет собой гранулированный этиленвинилацетат (ЭВА) с размером фракций от 1 до 50 мм, второй компонент - резиновые гранулы с размером фракций от 1 до 8 мм. При этом количество компонентов на 1 квадратный метр при толщине слоя травмобезопасного покрытия, равного 10 мм, составляет: указанный гранулированный ЭВА от 0,1 до 0,9 кг; указанные резиновые гранулы от 1,2 до 5,4 кг. Технический результат - повышение износостойкости с одновременным улучшением амортизационных свойств травмобезопасного покрытия, утилизация отходов. 2 з.п. ф-лы. 29 табл., 3 пр.

КЛЕЙКАЯ ПЛЕНКА ДЛЯ ДОРОЖНОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ, СПОСОБ ДОРОЖНОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ С ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ, И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КЛЕЙКОЙ ПЛЕНКИ

... 1. Клейкая пленка для дорожного покрытия, которая содержит: ! подложку носителя, включающую полимерную пленку, имеющую первую и вторую главные поверхности; и ! поверхностный слой на первой и второй главных поверхностях подложки, причем поверхностный слой содержит смолистый неасфальтовый материал или материал, который включает приблизительно 50% или более смолистого неасфальтового компонента и приблизительно 50% или менее асфальтового компонента, при этом поверхностный слой способен формировать связь с прилегающим слоем асфальтового дорожного материала, когда поверхностный слой нагрет до температуры приблизительно 120°С или выше под давлением, которое приложено к материалу клейкой пленки со стороны наложенного вышележащего слоя асфальтового дорожного материала, имеющего толщину приблизительно 3,8 см (1,5 дюйма) или более, и при этом поверхностный слой не проявляет клейкости при температуре приблизительно 20°С и давлении приблизительно в одну атмосферу. ! 2. Клейкая пленка по п.1, отличающаяся ...

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ РЕЗИНОВОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ

RAHMEN ZUM FORMEN VON FUSSBODENZIEGELN.

Verbundstein bzw. Verbundplatte.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Strassen- und Bodenplatten

Pflasterstein, sonstiger Pflasterblock oder Pflasterplatte

Decorative concrete slab; method of moulding

A decorative concrete slab includes a decorative piece 14 such as a tile fixed onto the upper surface of a concrete matrix 12, and is provided on each side with a raised spacer 16 in the form of an integral piece, which, when a plurality of such decorative concrete slabs are arranged side by side, abuts against the side of the adjacent slab to ensure a given space therebetween. A method for forming a decorative concrete slab includes moving four sides of a frame together so as to touch the edges of tile 14, and casting concrete above the tile; thus the sides of the tile and the concrete are coplanar. ...

Ornamental paving slab

... 319,524. Price, F. G. Oct. 23, 1928. Composite paving-blocks.-A paving slab, constructed to simulate crazy paving, comprises a foundation of concrete in which broken sheets or slates of asbestos cement are embedded so as to present a flat tread surface. The body of the slab may be formed with perforations or pockets to receive soil for growing grass or plants and the edges may be notched for the same purpose. One method of manufacture is to secure the broken pieces of cement to the pallet of a mould by means of adhesive, and then pour cement over them to form the foundation of the block.

Station platform floor panel

A composite paving element

A Method of, and System for, Manufacturing a Composite Sett

Improvements in surfacing for roads, floors, platforms, walls, tennis courts and thelike and in markings for incorporation in such a surface

... 387,559. Tiling ; road and like markings. BRAITHWAITE & CO. ENGINEERS, Ltd., Broadway Buildings, Westminster, and HINES, J., 27, Riverside Gardens,. Barnes, London. May 10, 1932, No. 13472. [Classes 87 (i) and 107.] A tiling-unit for surfacing or marking roads, floors, walls, and the like comprises an unperforated metal plate 1 having secured to its underside one or more flexible strips 3 which may either lie flat against the back of the plate or be bent backwardly as desired so that the free ends of the strips may be anchored in a concrete or like base or foundation. The strips 3, which may be of mild steel, may be secured to the plate by means of grub screws, rivets or the like, or by welding. Each strip 3 may be secured to the plate at one of its ends or at the middle. To enable the plate to be provided with a rubber surfacing 2, the strips 3 are disposed flat against the plate, and the rubbering press is arranged with shallow recesses to accommodate the strips. Specification 166,456 ...

Improvements in and relating to wood paving blocks

... 975,120. Coating wood. ACMEFLOORING Ltd. Oct. 22, 1962 [July 27, 1962], No. 28955/62. Heading B6G. A paving block comprises a wood block 1 having on an end grain face a layer of synthetic epoxy resin 2 into which has been embedded before the resin was cured with a suitable hardener, chippings 3 of calcined bauxite. The chippings project from the resin to provide a non-slip surface and conveniently have a minimum dimension approximately double the thickness of the resin layer. The compositions of suitable resins and hardeners are described and a filler of sand, wood flour, fuel-ash, silica, mica or wood-dust, may also be added. In the manufacture of the blocks which may be previously creosoted they are moved on a conveyer in moulds under openings discharging resin and chippings and are then rolled.

Improvements relating to paving slabs, garden ornaments and like structures

... 414,335. Bird-baths, garden ornaments, flower pots, &c. THORNTON, H., Shirley, Leatherhead Road, Ashtead, and THORNTON & CO. (LEATHERHEAD), Ltd., H., Railway Approach, Leatherhead, both in Surrey. April 24, 1933, No. 19117/34. Divided on 414,195. [Classes 5 (ii) and 6 (ii).] A bird-bath, bird table, flower and shrub box, garden ornament or the like, comprises a reinforced-concrete base or foundation and a facing of broken tiles other than hand-made sandfaced tiles. The edges of the structure may be faced with slate, tiles or bricks. The birdbath shown is faced with broken tiles f the top and base having edge facings of bricks. The Provisional Specification refers to structures faced with slate or bricks. Specification 414,195 is referred to.

Road plate

Constructional panels.

Constructional panels.

Constructional panels.

Reflective products in cement agglomerate and their manufactoring process.

Constructional panels.

Elements of paving wood-block.

Constructional panels.

VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN EINES PFLASTERSTEINS

VERBUNDPLATTE

FRAMEWORK FOR FORMING FLOOR BRICKS.

BODENBELAG

COMPOSITE STONE AND/OR COMPOSITE SLAB WITH BONDING AGENT RESERVOIR

ON THE GROUND DEPLOYABLE ONE, LOAD-BASIC PLATE

COMPOUND BLOCK AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION

MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR FROM A COMPOUND PLATE CUTTING OUT SURFACE ELEMENTS AND SURFACE ELEMENT

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

VЕRFАНRЕN ZUМ НЕRSТЕLLЕN ЕINЕS РFLАSТЕRSТЕINS

Protect arrangement

Surface finished concrete blocks, method for the production and use thereof

Support unit for forming a temporary roadway

A support unit (10) is connectable together with similar such units to form a temporary roadway. A plurality of upwardly extending and tapering recesses (18) are provided on a lower surface (20) of the support unit (10) to provide engagement with the ground. Locking arrangements and respective flanges and corresponding recesses are provided on the sides of the support units (10), for interconnecting adjacent such units (10).

PAVING MATERIAL FOR FOOTWAYS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

An object of the present invention is to provide a paving material for footways, which is superior in strength and lightweight property. Disclosed is a paving material for footways, comprising an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is made of rubber chips (A1) and a synthetic resin (A2) for binding the rubber chips (A1), and the lower layer is made of a fiber-reinforced plastic (B).

PEDESTRIAN TILE, REPLACEABLE TILE SECTION AND/OR RESILIENT DOME STRUCTURE

A detectable warning tile system has a tile base with an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface has a plurality of upward projections therefrom. The tile base has two side edges for alignment with corresponding side edges of other tiles, and front and rear edges. An area of the upper surface of the tile base is formed free of the detectable warnings and may include a trough into or over which a replaceable tile section may be placed. The tile base and/or replaceable tile section may be configured to receive one or more individually- installable detectable warnings.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAVING AND/OR PANELLING MODULES

A method of manufacturing paving and/or panelling modules which comprises arranging a plurality of blocks or tesserae (24) in a suitable template (18), according to a layout predefined by a locating grid (20) of a module (1); cutting a piece of a layer (45) of flexible material provided with through openings so that it matches the configuration of the module (1) and is larger than the module (1); and securing through permanent securing means, the layer (45) of flexible material to each one of the blocks or tesserae (24) forming a module (1), so that they are held together by the layer (45) with the possibility of changing their mutual inclination.

SELF-DRAINING VEHICULAR SUPPORTING PANEL AND STRUCTURE

A TRESTLE MAT CONSTRUCTION PANEL CONFIGURED FOR USE WITH BUILDING EQUIPTMENT AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND/OR USE THEREOF

A trestle mat construction panel configured for use with building equipment and a method of manufacture and use thereof. The trestle mat construction panel is preferably formed of a partially hollow core body and strong support material to allow the construction panel to be easily placed and moved and to support various materials, such as construction equipment including cranes and the like, when in use.

HYBRID CRANE MATS WITH LIFTING ELEMENTS

An industrial mat having a supporting structure; an upper layer provided above the supporting structure for forming an upper surface of the mat, a lower layer provided below the supporting structure for providing a lower surface of the mat; and lifting elements attached to the upper layer, the lower layer or the supporting structure. The lifting elements include a loop portion which is receivable in an opening of the industrial mat, such that said loop portion in a storage position is maintained at or below the working surface.

STRUCTURAL REINFORCED COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION MAT

A mat assembly (10) for use in construction comprises a plurality of composite plastic beams (20) that are ganged together to define the mat, with a plurality of flitch plates (22) disposed between at least some of the plastic beams to provide additional strength and rigidity to the mat. The plastic beams may be made of a composite material have a generally rectangular cross-section. The flitch plates have a width (vertical height) when disposed between adjacent beams that is less than the width (vertical height) of the beams, such that the flitch plates may be recessed below and above the top (12) and bottom (14) surfaces of the mat, respectively. A plurality of rods (24) extend in the lateral direction through the beams and plates to compress the beams and plates against each. The flitch plates may be metal or fiber-reinforced resin and may further include slotted holes (28) to allow the beams to retract lengthwise in response to environmental changes. A method of constructing or repairing ...

MODULE FOR USE IN CONSTRUCTING A PATHWAY FOR TRAFFIC

A module for use in constructing a pathway for traffic comprises a base member and a top plate is securable to the base member and having a plurality of horizontally spaced upwardly projecting button structures, including solid button structures and fastener-receiving button structures. The solid button structures are each integrally formed with the top plate. The fastener-receiving button structures each comprise an upwardly projecting peripheral portion and a depressed central portion. The fastener-receiving apertures are disposed one within each of the depressed central portion and are each surrounded by the upwardly projecting peripheral portion. A cap member is securable within the depressed central portion of each fastener-receiving button structure. To form a pathway for traffic, the modules are placed in perimeter-edge to perimeter-edge relation, and each top plate is secured to the base member by fasteners extending through the fastener-receiving apertures and securely engaged ...

TIMBER ACCESS MAT WITH GROUNDING

A timber access mat having an electrical grounding feature includes an electrically conductive cover layer that is removably carried over the top of the body of the timber access mat. The electrically conductive cover layer can be formed from one or more sheets of expanded metal such as expanded steel. The layer is joined to a perimeter frame that includes offset connector tabs that allow mats to be positioned side-by-side. The connector tabs are paired with cable guides to protect the cable leads that connect the mats. The perimeter frame and conductive cover layer can be added to traditional timber access mats when electrical grounding is required and then removed and stored when not required.

ENVIRONMENTALLY RESISTANT ENCAPSULATED MAT CONSTRUCTION

An industrial mat that includes a core construction (115) that provides strength and rigidity to the mat, with the core construction including various layers or plies of components at least some of which are typically made of wood or engineered wood; and a durable skin (105, 110) that surrounds and encapsulates at least the wood components of the mat or the entire core construction. The skin (105, 110) has a thickness sufficient to provide environmental resistance to the wood components or to the core construction to which it is applied. The skin also provides abrasion resistance to the boards and mat.

RUBBER ASPHALT COMPOSITE BLOCK

A molded composite paving block formed from desired proportions of reclaimed asphalt, industrial and residential waste plastics, and crumb rubber. Crumb rubber is shredded and grounded scrap automobile tires with cords. The process includes steps of grounding, mixing, heating and blending and molding.

IMPROVED HEAVY DUTY MODULAR FLOORING AND ROADWAY DEVICE

A modular flooring system is disclosed which is designed to support heavy loads while providing stability and ground protection. The invention contemplates a modular mat having an integral main body with offset mounting and assembly flanges and a lattice interior. The mat is constructed from a unitary piece of high strength plastic. Each flange edge contains an outward radiused edge, while each non- flange edge contains an inward radiused edge. Each flange engages with a corresponding flange on an adjacent tile, allowing the outward radiused and inward radiused edges to properly mate. One or more metal cam locks located along the upper flange edges are secured into corresponding cam receptacles located along the lower flange edge. The mats may utilize optional top covers to prevent water and debris from entering the mats. The modular flooring system provides increased strength and stability and protection of the subsurface in heavy industrial applications.

COMPOSITE BLOCK AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING

A multi-layer molded composite paving block having a first layer (122) comprising reclaimed asphalt, thermoplastic thermosetting plastic, monofilament fibre material and elastic material and a second layer (124) comprising thermoplastic such as polyethylene or thermosetting plastic, and an aggregate material, is disclosed. The first layer comprises about 75 % to about 95 % of the block while the second layer comprises about 5 % to about 25 % of the block. The plastic constituent in each of the first and second layers at opposing surfaces thereof are heat and pressure bonded with plastic constituent in the other of the first and second layers, so as to form a securely interlocked structural interface between the first and second layers, so as to thereby form a single integral structure.

Strassenpflaster aus Kunststeinen.

Pflastersteinplatte.

Bodenbelagplatte, insbesondere für Gartenwege, Einfahrwege und Trottoirs, und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Platte.

Falzblockpflaster.

Verfahren zum Tränken von Leichtbetonkörpern mit einem heissen Bindemittel.

Objet comportant une partie en matière antidérapante, très résistante et procédé pour la fabrication de cet objet.

Pflasterstein.

Piastrellone per pavimenti e pareti, e procedimento per la sua fabbricazione

Elément de revêtement servant à la signalisation routière et son procédé de fabrication

Autostrasse, insbesondere Hochstrasse, und Verfahren zum Bau derselben

Wear resistant, road surfacing slabs

Wear resistant, road surfacing slabs cast in martensitic iron with recesses later filled with bonded, coloured ceramic powder(SW080376) ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SELF-SUPPORTING PLATES, PLATE, MANUFACTURED AFTER THE PROCEDURE AND USE THE SAME.

SCHLEISSGUT AND PROCEDURES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SCHLEISSGUTS.

Elastic material contg. elastic resin particles, binder and cork - useful as base for floor or road, e.g. for indoor or outdoor sports stadium

Elastic material based on elastic synthetic particles (I) bound with an elastic synthetic resin binder (II), also contains cork particles (III). (I) consist of synthetic rubber, e.g. EPDM and/or SBR, opt. mixed with scrap rubber particles. (II) is a polyurethane resin. The material may also contain gravel and/or sand; and/or the surface may be reinforced, e.g. with a natural and/or synthetic fibre or metal mesh. USE/ADVANTAGE - The material is claimed for use as an elastic base for a floor and/or roadway, esp. for an outdoor or indoor sports stadium, e.g. a gymnasium, football stadium, play area or multipurpose area. It is suitable base for artificial grass for football pitches and other sports and play areas. It is free from materials harmful to the environment and has the reqd. elasticity, durability, wear and load bearing capacity. The insulating properties and reduced weight imparted by (III) make it suitable for numerous other applications, e.g. in the building sector and industry.

PREFABBRICATA TILE OF COVERING AND CARRYING FOR SUPERFICIAL, PUBLIC SQUARES, ROADS, BUILDINGS.

Walk-through photovoltaic-floor covering for electricity feeding into the mains without battery.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine begeh- und befahrbare Bodenbelagsanordnung, die solare Strahlung in elektrische Energie umwandelt und in das Wechselstromnetz einspeist. Da konventionelle Solarmodule typischerweise nur für die Stromerzeugung einsetzbar sind, basiert die vorliegende Erfindung auf speziell verstärkt ausgeführten Solarmodulen, die einen Einbau in eine Bodenbelagsanordnung erlauben. Durch diese Erfindung kann die Photovoltaik nicht nur auf Dächern, Fassaden und im Freiland, sondern auch auf Gartensitzplätzen (1), begehbaren Dächern, Plätzen, Wegen (2), Strassen (3) etc. genutzt werden. Damit kann die erfindungsgemässe Bodenbelagsanordnung von Fussgängern, Zweirädern und Autos benutzt werden. Damit ist die Nutzung der Photovoltaik vor allem in urbanen Gebieten grösser als vorher. Die Bodenbelagsanordnung ist mechanisch sehr stabil und kann rutschfest, kratzfest, durch Regen selbstreinigend und gegen Diebstahl gesichert ausgeführt sein. Durch eine geeignete elektrische Verschaltung ...

Accessible Photovoltaic-Surfacing arrangement for the electricity mains supply without battery.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine begeh- und befahrbare Bodenbelagsanordnung, die solare Strahlung in elektrische Energie umwandelt und in das Wechselstromnetz einspeist. Da konventionelle Solarmodule typischerweise nur für die Stromerzeugung einsetzbar sind, basiert die vorliegende Erfindung auf speziell verstärkt ausgeführten Solarmodulen, die einen Einbau in eine Bodenbelagsanordnung erlauben. Durch diese Erfindung kann die Photovoltaik nicht nur auf Dächern, Fassaden und im Freiland, sondern auch auf Gartensitzplätzen (1), begehbaren Dächern, Plätzen, Wegen (2), Strassen (3) etc. genutzt werden. Damit kann die erfindungsgemässe Bodenbelagsanordnung von Fussgängern, Zweirädern und Autos benutzt werden. Damit ist die Nutzung der Photovoltaik vor allem in urbanen Gebieten grösser als vorher. Die Bodenbelagsanordnung ist mechanisch sehr stabil und kann rutschfest, kratzfest, durch Regen selbstreinigend und gegen Diebstahl gesichert ausgeführt sein. Durch eine geeignete elektrische Verschaltung ...

Procedure for manufacturing a paving-stone.

Prefab. paved area made of stone blocks - is made in mould containing concrete with embedded reinforcing grid and tubes for handling

The fabricated panel area which can be made in any suitable decorative shape, and transported to the site from the place of mfr., is made from stone blocks (3). They are set in cement by using a mould (17), the cement being deposited inside and compacted, forming a layer (20) under the stones and further cement between the stones. A steel reinforcing mat (23) can be embedded in the base layer. Also embedded in the base layer are horizontal tubes (25) so that bolts can be inserted for handling and transporting heavy section. The sides of the mould can slope so that the top is layer than the bottom. USE/ADVANTAGE - Easy mfr. of prefab paved area.

METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID ROAD COATING FOR NATURAL REPLENISHMENT OF THE GROUND WATER

СТРОИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПАНЕЛЬ И СПОСОБ СБОРКИ ПО СУТИ ПЛОСКОСТНОЙ СОВОКУПНОСТИ МНОЖЕСТВА ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ПАНЕЛЕЙ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Строительная панель (10) пригодная для укрывания грунта, для создания настилов, возведения облицовки или обшивки. Она имеет в плане сложную форму, что дает возможность соединять похожие панели, образовывая совокупность любой протяжности или площади. Панель (10) имеет центральную прямоугольную секцию (13) и две противоположные конечные секции (14, 15), которые присоединены к торцевым ребрам (23, 24) центральной секции (13). Каждая конечная секция (14, 15) выполнена из части (16, 17) в форме равнобедренной трапеции, присоединенной к центральной секции (13), и прямоугольной части (18, 19), присоединенной к трапецеидальной части (16, 17). Внешние ребра (29, 30, 34) панели имеют форму для взаимного соединения с соответствующими ребрами второй и третьей подобной панели средствами (25, 47, 53-56), которые сцепляют первую панель со второй и третьей панелями для ограничения их относительного перемещения на разъединение. Предлагаются также варианты способа сборки по сути плоскостной совокупности ...

СТРОИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПАНЕЛЬ

Строительная панель (10), предназначенная для использования в качестве покрытия грунта или настила на грунт или в качестве облицовки или обшивки, имеет в плане сложную форму, позволяющую соединять ее со множеством аналогичных панелей с образованием сплошного массива из панелей. Панель (10) имеет прямоугольную центральную часть (13) и две концевые части (14, 15), которые отходят от противолежащих концевых краев (23, 24) центральной части (13) и каждая из которых имеет участок (16, 17) в виде равнобедренной трапеции, примыкающий к центральной части (13), и прямоугольный участок (18, 19), примыкающий к трапециевидному участку (16,17). Некоторые наружные края (29, 30, 34) панели выполнены с возможностью сцепляться с соответствующими краями других таких же панелей, что противодействует перемещению панелей друг относительно друга в направлении, перпендикулярном к плоскости панелей. Предусмотрены замковые элементы (25, 47, 53-56) для скрепления сцепленных панелей между собой и предотвращения их ...

Covering plate

Provided is a covering plate for use in fields such as civil engineering and construction and configured by joining steel H-beams. A plurality of steel H-beams having the same cross-sectional shape are aligned by the height of the flange outer surfaces thereof and in the lengthwise direction and joined to form a covering plate. The covering plate is configured by forming banded protrusions in one direction on the flange outer surfaces of the steel H-beams, and the banded protrusions are only formed in the lengthwise direction, as necessary, or configured by, for example, joining in an alternating manner the steel H-beams on which protrusions in the lengthwise direction are formed on the flange outer surfaces and the steel H-beams on which protrusions are formed in the direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction on the flange outer surfaces.

Coating for pathways

New matter carpet rubber and manufactoring process

New soundproof, elastic flagstone and heat insulator for pavements and other uses

DALLE RESISTANT A L'USURE

L'invention a pour objet une dalle résistant à l'usure qui ait une résistance à l'usure améliorée tout en étant de fabrication peu coûteuse sans entraîner des transports de poids excessifs pour leur pose ou pour l'enlèvement des déchets de dalles usées. La dalle 1 comprend des granules durs 2, par exemple en fonte, incorporés dans un liant 3 plus léger et concentrés au voisinage de la face d'usure. Elle peut présenter des rainures 6 s'opposant au glissement et être renforcée par des charges appropriées telles que des fibres de verre 7. La dalle s'applique notamment aux revêtements routiers et aux aires de stationnement.

Process and device for the manufacture of metal plates of covering for flagstones of paving

PANEL SURFACE COATING, ASSEMBLY COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO PANELS OF THE ABOVE TYPE AND RESULTING SURFACE COVERING

SLAB LIGHT SIGNALING

DEVICE OF SEVERAL FLAGSTONES PREFABRIQUEES AUTOBLOQUANTES

Decorative slab with pebbled effect is made from silicone impression taken from initial concrete slab with embedded pebbles

La dalle comprend une base (11) réalisée à partir d'un béton, ayant une forme quelconque et recevant sur une surface extérieure une pluralité de galets de configuration présélectionnée et disposée; lesdits galets (12) étant noyés partiellement dans la base en béton en laissant apparaître des interstices ou intervalles entre chacun. Dans une mise oeuvre, les galets disposés sur la dalle sont à l'état naturel. Dans une autre mise en oeuvre, les galets sont réalisés en béton monobloc avec la dalle, l'ensemble étant obtenu dans le cadre d'une fabrication homogène.

Device with several prefabricated self-locking slabs.

Module for podotactile bands comprises base plate and tubular parts projecting from upper surface into which nails are forced

Le module comprend une plaque de base (5), une pluralité d'organes tubulaires (7) en saillie sur la face supérieure de cette plaque et solidaires de celle-ci, et une pluralité de clous (3) à tête (9) dont les tiges (8) sont adaptées pour être enfoncées et fixées dans les organes tubulaires (7) respectifs. Application à la réalisation de bandes podotactiles en travaux neufs ou dans des voies existantes.

Device with several prefabricated self-locking slabs

Tactile indication band module for e.g. municipal road network, has notch and expansion for receiving rib and bulged edge to fix inner and outer links on inserts to form frame, and asphalt filling for filling gaps between links and inserts

Bande d'indication tactile formée d'une succession de modules (1) disposés bout à bout sur un support de base, chaque module comprenant des inserts (15) et une multiplicité de clous (3) comportant chacun une tête (9) et une tige (8), ladite tige étant adaptée pour être enfoncée et fixée dans un insert respectif, les inserts étant enrobés dans un remplissage d'asphalte (4). Selon l'invention, le module comprend en outre des liens (12, 14) formant avec les inserts une ossature, l'asphalte venant combler les vides entre les liens et les inserts. Indication d'un danger aux personnes présentant une déficience visuelle.

Tile for a floor covering, with great resistance to wear

Slab unit and process for the manufacture of a slab unit

L'élément de dallage comporte une embase rigide (2) de préférence en béton comprimé et un revêtement souple (6) à base de liant bitumineux fixé à l'embase (2) par une résine (4).

Строительный элемент

Настоящая полезная модель относится к области строительства и касается светодиодных строительных элементов, которые могут найти применение для подсвечивания и/или декоративного оформления различных поверхностей. Технический результат заключается в повышении прочностных характеристик, в частности вибростойкости, прочности на сжатие и износостойкости. Строительный элемент сформирован, по меньшей мере, из двух слоев полимерного материала на основе смолы и содержит светодиодные элементы, при этом один из слоев содержит первый наполнитель из измельченного стекла, один из слоев полимерного материала содержит второй наполнитель в виде измельченного минерального материала, расположен за одним из слоев с первым наполнителем, а толщина одного из слоев с первым наполнителем 1,2-2 см. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 195 715 U1 (51) МПК E01F 9/512 (2016.01) E01C 5/22 (2006.01) E01C 17/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК E01F 9/512 (2019.08); E01C 5/22 (2019.08); E01C 17/00 (2019.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2019125347, 05.09.2019 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): Степаненко Анна Сергеевна (RU) Дата регистрации: 04.02.2020 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 05.09.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 04.02.2020 Бюл. № 4 1 9 5 7 1 5 R U (54) СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ (57) Реферат: Настоящая полезная модель относится к области строительства и касается светодиодных строительных элементов, которые могут найти применение для подсвечивания и/или декоративного оформления различных поверхностей. Технический результат заключается в повышении прочностных характеристик, в частности вибростойкости, прочности на сжатие и износостойкости. Строительный элемент сформирован, по меньшей Стр.: 1 U 1 U 1 Адрес для переписки: 400074, г.Волгоград, ул.Рабоче-Крестьянская, 22, Союз "Волгоградская торговопромышленная палата", Подшибихина Дарья Владимировна 1 9 5 7 1 5 (56) Список документов, ...

Двухслойная дорожно-тротуарная плитка

Полезная модель относится к области строительства, а именно к покрытиям для тротуаров, парковых и велосипедных дорожек, детских и спортивных площадок и прочих дорожно-тротуарных покрытий с невысокой статической и динамической весовой нагрузкой, а также для выкладывания пассажирских железнодорожных перронов дальнего и пригородного сообщения.Техническим результатом заявленной полезной модели является создание двухслойной дорожно-тротуарной плитки в виде готового изделия, представляющей из себя цельный монолитно склеенный блок из нижнего рабочего бетонного слоя и верхнего лицевого полимерного слоя, полученного на основе переработки отходов резиновой промышленности и обладающего заданной цветовой гаммой, стойкой к воздействию внешних климатических факторов, а также улучшенными характеристиками сцепления поверхности плитки с обувью, колесами велосипедов, самокатов, скутеров и прочих механических передвижных устройств, которая не требует повышенных затрат при изготовлении, и применения дополнительных устройств при ее укладке или демонтаже дорожно-тротуарных покрытий.Технический результат достигается тем, что создается двухслойная дорожно-тротуарная плитка размером от 100 × 100 мм до 200 × 200 мм, толщиной от 25 до 50 мм, с нижним (опорным) бетонным слоем и верхним (лицевым) полимерным слоем на основе полимерного связующего полиуретана, резиновой крошки, из отходов резины или изношенных автопокрышек с добавлением красителя с заданной цветовой гаммой, отличающаяся тем, что нижний опорный бетонный слой выполнен из бетона толщиной от 20 до 30 мм, а верхний лицевой полимерный слой выполнен из смеси резиновой крошки фракцией 1-5 мм, полученной из отходов резины или изношенных автопокрышек, полиуретана в количестве от 7 до 50 мас.% и красителя в количестве от 1,5 до 15 мас.%, для придания нужной цветовой гаммы, в бетонном слое выполнены фиксирующие выемки либо прямоугольного сечения, нанесенные как сетка взаимно перпендикулярных полос, глубина и ширина которых составляет от 0,5 ...

Tough, water-permeable paver

A tough water-permeable paver block includes a mass of adherent coated granules with intervening contiguous channels. A method for making pavers includes selecting a gravel, heating, then evenly coating every granule with a non-rigid thermoplastics material typically at about 75 g/kg gravel, placing the hot material into a form, then cooling, optionally under imposed pressure. In one option the paver is formed from loose granules at its final resting place. The material may be provided as a coated, non-adherent gravel for heating into a coherent mass in situ. Applications include footpaths, roads and drain covers.

Reinforced Rubber Tile with Laminated Top Layer and Air Cushion Effect

An odorless composite floor tile suitable for indoor or outdoor use is formed from elastomer particles. The composite floor tile has a lower layer that is formed by binding a first group of elastomer particles with an adhesive, and is stabilized with meshes of fiberglass fibers. The composite floor tile also has a laminated upper layer. The laminated upper layer is formed by binding a second group of elastomer particles with the adhesive, or formed from synthetic rubber and/or natural rubber, polymeric materials, or fiber materials. The composite floor tile has shock absorption and anti-slippage properties. The composite floor tile has an attractive upper surface that includes a variety of color patterns. Further, the composite floor tile also has a shock absorbing lower layer providing an air cushion effect that is also permeable to air and liquids which reduces or eliminates the breeding and spread of bacteria and mildew.

PRECAST PERVIOUS CONCRETE PANELS

A precast pervious concrete panel is formed in a containment vessel under controlled conditions and allowed to reach an acceptable strength before removal from the containment vessel, thereby producing standard sizes or shapes for installation in the field. Each piece of pervious concrete may include slots cut into the piece at predetermined locations allowing installation of a joint connector; either dry or with a bonding material thereby allowing connection of multiple pieces into a solid slab. A strip material may be used under the slab joints to dissipate load bearing and allow the panels to slide together when picked up by the embedded lifting device. Multiple pervious concrete pieces can be combined with a collection system allowing collection/reuse of water passing through the panels. Precast pervious concrete panels can be used as inserts in ready mix or cast in place concrete frames allowing for easy replacement of the pieces. 1. A preformed pervious concrete panel comprising:a concrete mix having an aggregate size in the range of about one-eighth inch to about three-quarters inch and a sand content ratio in the range of zero percent to ten percent;a peripheral surface;at least one lifting member at least partially integrated into the peripheral surface; andat least one aperture located in the peripheral surface.2. The pervious concrete panel of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate size is in the range of about one-eighth inch to about one-half inch.3. The pervious concrete panel of claim 1 , wherein the sand content ratio is in the range of 1 percent to 7 percent.4. The pervious concrete panel of claim 1 , wherein the sand content ratio is zero percent.5. The pervious concrete panel of having a void ratio in the range of 16 percent to 22 percent.6. The pervious concrete panel of wherein the void ratio is in the range of 18 percent to 22 percent.7. The pervious concrete panel of wherein the at least one lifting member is a female connector.8. The pervious ...

PAVING COMPOSITE AND METHOD OF PAVING

A tack film material comprises a carrier substrate comprising a polymer film having first and second major surfaces. A surface layer on the first and second major surfaces comprises a resinous non-asphaltic material or a material including about 50% or more resinous non-asphaltic component and about 50% of less of asphaltic component. the surface layer is capable of forming a bond with an adjacent layer of asphaltic paving material, when the surface layer is heated to a temperature of about 120° C. or more under a pressure that is applied to the tack film material by an overlying layer of the asphaltic paving material having a thickness of about 3.8 cm (1.5 inch) or more laid. The surface layer is not tacky at a temperature of about 20° C. and a pressure of about one atmosphere. 1. A paving composite comprising:a polymeric carrier substrate having first and second major surfaces; anda surface layer material disposed on the first and second major surfaces of the polymeric carrier substrate, the surface layer material comprising a resinous non-asphaltic material or a material including about 50% or more resinous nonasphaltic component and about 50% or less of asphaltic component;wherein the surface layer material of the paving composite is configured to bond an underlying layer of paving material to an overlying layer of paving material, and wherein the surface layer material of the paving composite is not tacky at a temperature of about 20° C. and a pressure of about one atmosphere.2. The paving composite of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric carrier substrate comprises a thickness of up to about 10 mil.3. The paving composite of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the overlying layer of paving material and the underlying layer of paving material comprises asphalt.4. The paving composite of claim 1 , wherein the surface layer material of the paving composite is configured to bond the underlying layer of paving material to the overlying layer of paving material at a ...

A STRUCTURE FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF PAVEMENTS COMPRISING ASSEMBLIES OF GROUPED METAL FILAMENTS COUPLED TO OR INTEGRATED IN A SUBSTRATE

A structure for the reinforcement of pavements. The structure includes at least a first group of assemblies of grouped metal filaments. These assemblies of grouped metal filaments of said first group are oriented in a first direction in a mutual parallel or mutual substantially parallel position. The assemblies of grouped metal filaments of this first group are coupled to or integrated in a substrate having a non-metal material. 115-. (canceled)16. A structure for the reinforcement of pavements , said structure having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction , said structure comprising a first group of assemblies of grouped metal filaments , said assemblies of grouped metal filaments of said first group being oriented in a first direction in a mutual parallel or mutual substantially parallel position , said assemblies of grouped metal filaments of said first group being coupled to or integrated in a substrate comprising a non-metal material.17. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein said substrate consists of a non-metal material.18. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein said metal filaments comprise steel filaments.19. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein said assemblies of grouped metal filaments comprise parallel filaments.20. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein said assemblies of grouped metal filaments comprise filaments that are twisted together.21. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein the included angle between said first direction and said longitudinal direction is ranging between −80° and +80°.22. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein said first direction is oriented in the longitudinal direction of said structure.23. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein said assemblies of grouped metal filaments are coupled to said substrate by at least one yarn.24. The structure according to claim 16 , wherein said assemblies of grouped metal filaments are integrated in a woven or knitted structure.25. ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures;one or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith, whereby the transmitters or receivers are configured to communicate with mobile devices, mobile device applications, wearable devices, machines, or other electronic devices; anda plurality of releasable fasteners, wherein said surface tactile panel system is releasably attachable to said frame with said releasable fasteners which are tamper-proof and/or lockable;wherein said pedestrian walkway has a ground surface substrate and said surface tactile panel system is seated in a frame which is molded, formed or installed in said ground surface substrate.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The ...

Portable Parking Lot

A portable pavement system allowing for fast and easy installation of a pavement surface that incorporates individual pieces working together to create a solid, durable, adjustable, reusable, and removable platform for use as a parking or driveway facility, or other uses where such a surface possessing the special qualities described is advantageous. 1. A portable pavement system designed to provide temporary , long term , or permanent surface for a parking lot or driveway that is removable , reusable , can be stored in a compact space , and can be reconfigured as the needs of the users change , or be removable altogether and relocated for a new use.2. A portable pavement system claim 1 , as recited in claim 1 , using concrete-filled metal tiles incorporating at least two lifting fixtures per unit to allow for transport claim 1 , locating claim 1 , and relocating claim 1 , as needed.3. A portable pavement system claim 1 , as recited in claim 1 , incorporating a rigid steel frame with a durable exterior perimeter and an interlocking matrix of reinforcing material for strength and durability claim 1 , the metal parts being further made durable by treatment with a hot-dipped zinc galvanizing process. See Provisional Application 62/231,676Not Applicable.Not Applicable.The invention relates generally to a system for creating a parking lot, driveway, interior or exterior building flooring, or other surface that would benefit from large, reinforced, movable, and reusable concrete tiles that eliminate, or dramatically reduce the need for on-site pouring of concrete with the related expense of building traditional concrete forms, reinforcement systems, and reliance on the vagaries of weather and temperature conditions.Throughout the country, and indeed around the world, concrete is a common building material well suited to pavement, such as driveways and parking lots. A typical construction method for such structures requires preparing the surface, installing a form, or ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures, wherein said subsurface enclosure or enclosures have waterproof penetrations therein to facilitate conduit and external connections entering or exiting said subsurface enclosure or enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith, whereby the transmitters or receivers are configured to communicate with mobile devices, mobile device applications, wearable devices, machines, or other electronic devices.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A system comprising a network of two or more multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatuses comprising: a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; and', 'one or more subsurface enclosures;', 'one or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith, whereby the transmitters or receivers are configured to communicate with mobile devices, mobile device applications, wearable devices, machines, or other electronic devices., 'a plurality of multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatuses, each of said apparatuses comprising'}2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SIDEWALK TILES

A system and method for forming concrete tiles for use in concrete walkways and concrete patios and courtyards. The system includes a unitary frame with two or more slanted sidewalls with a plurality of pickup points placed within an interior opening of the unitary frame. Concrete poured into the interior opening of the frame forms a beveled or slanted concrete sidewalk tile. The pickup points are buried in the beveled concrete sidewalk tiles. When an opening in the pickup points is uncovered, a means to pick and place the beveled concrete sidewalk tiles is provided. Slanted or beveled sidewalls prevent binding to or interference with adjacent slanted or beveled sidewalk tiles to facilitate lifting. 137-. (canceled)38. A method comprising:determining the position of a plurality of pickup points within a sidewalk tile formed within a frame, wherein the frame and the sidewalk tile have one or more beveled sides to avoid interference with neighboring sidewalk tiles;removing a surface concrete layer over each of the plurality of pickup points;coupling cables to each of the plurality of pickup points; andpulling up on the cables to lift the sidewalk tile up away from a neighboring sidewalk tile to expose a grading for repair.39. The method of claim 38 , whereinprior to coupling cables, fastening a fastener to each of the pickup points, and coupling the cables to the fasteners to couple the cables to the plurality of pickup points.40. The method of claim 38 , further comprisingrepairing the exposed grading;placing the sidewalk tile over the grading;patching concrete onto the sidewalk tile over the plurality of pickup points.41. The method of claim 40 , whereinthe exposed grading is repaired by removing tree roots.42. A sidewalk construction kit to form a removable sidewalk tile claim 40 , the sidewalk construction kit comprising:a unitary frame having four sidewalls forming an interior opening with a base lip coupled to the four sidewalls, wherein at least two of the four ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING COST EFFECTIVE CORE SUPPORT STRUCTURES

A mat that includes first and second side beams, a core support structure located between and connected to the side beams, with the core support structure including longitudinal members and having a height that is less than that of the side beams; one or more elongated members attached to the upper portion of the core support structure to form with the beams the top surface of the mat, and one or more elongated members attached to the lower portion of the support structure to form with the beams the bottom surface of the mat. Preferably, a plurality of joining rods attach the side beams to the support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members. Also, steel plates can be provided between the beams and longitudinal members to increase the strength and ruggedness of the mat. 1. A mat having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces and comprising:first and second side beams having a height, width and length with a top surface, sides, and a bottom surface;a core support structure located between and connected to a side of first and second side beams, with the core support structure having a height that is less than that of the side beams, a width and a length, with the core support structure comprising first and second longitudinal members;a plurality of joining rods that attach the side beams to the core support structure, with the joining rods passing through the sides of the side beams and the sides of the longitudinal members of the core support structure;one or more first elongated members attached to the upper portion of the core support structure, wherein the top surface of the mat is formed by the top surfaces of the first and second side beams and the first elongated member(s); andone or more second elongated members attached to the lower portion of the core support structure, wherein the bottom surface of the mat is formed by the bottom surfaces of the first and second side beams and ...

STRUCTURAL UNDERLAYMENT SUPPORT SYSTEM AND PANEL FOR USE WITH PAVING AND FLOORING ELEMENTS

A paving system for paving or flooring includes a top layer of a plurality of paving elements, and an underlayment support layer of a polymeric material configured into panels. The panels are suitable to support the paving elements, the panels having a generally planar support surface. 1. An underlayment support panel for supporting a plurality of paving elements , the underlayment support panel having a core , a top side , and a bottom side , the panel being made from one of an expanded polypropylene bead material or an expanded polyethylene bead material and configured as a water impervious layer of the paving system , the core defining a recovery characteristic such that a deformation from a concentrated compressive load applied for a short duration onto the top side returns the top side to a generally planar condition , the core further defining a first thickness , at least one of the top side and the bottom side including a plurality of projections , the projections having a height extending from the core and defining a second thickness , wherein the ratio of the first thickness to the second thickness is in a range of 5 percent to 25 percent.2. The underlayment support panel of wherein the plurality of projections are spaced apart to define drainage channels having a width that in conjunction with the projection height provides water drainage from a first edge of the panel to a second edge of the panel.3. The underlayment support panel of wherein the drainage channels intersect with a plurality of drainage holes that extend through the panel core.4. The underlayment support panel of wherein the other of the top side and the bottom side include projections that define water drainage channels claim 3 , and wherein the drainage holes intersect the top side drainage channels and the bottom side drainage channels.5. The underlayment panel of wherein one of the first and second panel edges defines an interlocking structure with an edge of an adjacent panel that is ...

Modular Block System for Roundabouts

A roundabout for vehicular traffic is provided from a plurality of modular blocks arranged in a generally circular roundabout pattern and affixed to a roadway or ground surface at an intersection of vehicle roadways. Roundabouts can be formed in any desired diameter. In some embodiments, the modular blocks can have a trapezoidal plan shape laid out in concentric rings. The trapezoidal shaped blocks can be cut from a length of board having a constant width and thickness. The modular blocks can be provided as a kit of parts delivered to worksite at an intersection of vehicle road-ways where a roundabout is desired. Splitter islands, sidewalks, and curbing of blocks having appropriate shapes can also be provided. 1. A roundabout for vehicular traffic , comprising:a plurality of modular blocks arranged in a generally circular roundabout pattern and affixed to a roadway or ground surface at an intersection of vehicle roadways;a first perimeter portion of the plurality of the blocks arranged to form segments of a perimeter of the roundabout; anda second interior portion of the plurality of the blocks arranged inwardly from the blocks of the first perimeter portion to form an interior of the roundabout.2. The roundabout of claim 1 , wherein the modular blocks have a trapezoidal plan shape claim 1 , and the blocks are arranged in concentric rings claim 1 , an outermost ring forming the perimeter of the roundabout.3. The roundabout of claim 2 , wherein each of the blocks in one ring of the concentric rings has a same trapezoidal shape.4. The roundabout of claim 2 , wherein the modular blocks are arranged in wedges of trapezoidal blocks extending radially inwardly from the perimeter toward a central region of the roundabout.5. The roundabout of claim 1 , wherein the modular blocks are formed from an elongated board having a constant width and a constant thickness claim 1 , a length of the board cut into trapezoidal sections with alternating angular cuts extending across the ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric material claim 2 , plastic composite claim 2 , polyurethane with glass fiber claim 2 , fiber reinforced plastic claim 2 , concrete claim 2 , polymer concrete claim 2 , fiber reinforced foam claim 2 , graphene claim 2 , sheet molding compound ...

Wooden Paving Tile

A paving system that uses a number of individual pavers with defined void spaces between the pavers. Each paver is made entirely out of natural wood, such as Black Locust wood. A matrix, such as a wire mesh, may be used to maintain the void spaces before and during installation. The void spaces may be filled with gravel or another permeable material. The pavers may have the form of tiles, such as cubic tiles, and may be positioned in some cases with their grain oriented vertically. 1. A paving system , comprising:a plurality of untreated Black Locust wood pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another, the defined pattern creating regular void spaces therebetween;wherein the void spaces and the paving system as a whole are water permeable in a finished installation.2. The paving system of claim 1 , further comprising a matrix that maintains the defined pattern and the void spaces.3. The paving system of claim 2 , wherein the matrix comprises a wire mesh.4. The paving system of claim 3 , wherein the wood pavers are disposed in or on the wire mesh.5. The paving system of claim 4 , wherein the wood pavers are attached to the wire mesh.6. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the wood pavers are arranged with their grain oriented vertically.7. The paving system of claim 1 , wherein the wood pavers are cubic.8. The paving system of claim 1 , further comprising a matrix claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pavers are arranged in a rectangular array on or in the matrix.9. A paving system claim 1 , comprising:a plurality of untreated Black Locust wood pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another on a matrix, the defined pattern creating regular void spaces therebetween, the void spaces being maintained with a permeable medium, such that the paving system as a whole is water permeable.10. The paving system of claim 9 , wherein the permeable medium is gravel.11. The paving system of claim 10 , wherein the permeable medium comprises a plurality of ...

MATTING SYSTEM

Improved containment mats and systems of containment mats may include multiple adjoining mats with a top surface and a bottom surface. The multiple mats may provide a modular structural mat system that may be installed at a drill site, with multiple mats placed adjacent to each other with a lap joint connecting adjacent mats. A geotextile may be used to cover the lap joints and a coating applied to the geotextile. Such a system may provide containment of potential spills, a reliable working surface for drilling operations, and relatively fast and less expensive installation. 1. A modular structural mat , comprising:a top layer comprising a plurality of adjacent boards arranged parallel to one another in a first direction;a bottom layer comprising a plurality of adjacent boards arranged parallel to one another in the first direction; anda middle layer located between the top layer and the bottom layer comprising a plurality of adjacent boards arranged parallel to one another in a second direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first direction;wherein the top layer is offset from the bottom layer to create a lap joint along each edge of the mat, the lap joint configured to engage with a corresponding lap joint of an adjacent mat.2. The modular structural mat of claim 1 , wherein each board of the top layer is coupled with one or more adjacent boards of the top layer with an adhesive.3. The modular structural mat of claim 2 , wherein each board of the top layer is coupled with each board of the middle layer with an adhesive.4. The modular structural mat of claim 1 , wherein each board of each of the top layer claim 1 , the middle layer claim 1 , and the bottom layer is coupled with one or more adjacent boards within the respective layer with an adhesive.5. The modular structural mat of claim 4 , wherein each board of the top layer claim 4 , the middle layer claim 4 , and the bottom layer is coupled with each board one or more adjacent layers with an ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING SIDE PROTECTION

An industrial mat that has a support core configured and arranged to support other components of the mat; and upper and lower layers that provide upper and lower surfaces of the mat and that protect the support core. The support core includes a frame of longitudinal side members, end members and cross members each of which is made of steel or a thermosetting plastic material. The frame can include wood, plastic or elastomeric internal members or materials to fill internal open areas of the frame, with the upper and lower layers and the sides and ends of the frame retaining the internal members or materials therein. The mat preferably includes lifting elements of D-shaped rings, O-shaped rings, chains, or cables attached to the upper or lower layer or the support core to provide certified overhead lifting of the mat for installation and reclamation thereof. 1. A crane mat comprising a plurality of longitudinal beams that are positioned in a side by side arrangement; each of the beams having a plurality of spaced lateral apertures passing therethrough , with the lateral apertures being in alignment to form bores through the mat; a plurality of lateral rods with each rod passing through each beam through the aligned lateral apertures to hold the beams together in the side by side arrangement; an opening provided in one of the beams or in and between adjacent beams and having a depth sufficient to expose a lateral rod that passes through the opening; a metal collar having side plates that extend into the opening and an upper plate that extends onto and protects the respective upper and/or lower surfaces of the beam or beams surrounding the opening; and fastening means that removably attach the metal collar to the elongated members; wherein the opening is configured to receive , hold and maintain a lifting element therein in a first retracted position below the surface of the mat when not in use and to allow retrieval and removal of the lifting element from the opening ...

Cement binder

The invention provides a binder composition comprising: (a) ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), (b) basic oxygen slag (BOS), and (c) an alkaline inorganic waste material selected from by-pass dust (BPD), cement kiln dust (CKD), and mixtures thereof. The use of such a composition as a binder in a concrete mix, concrete mixes comprising such a composition, methods of manufacturing concrete articles, and concrete articles such as paving blocks are also provided.

LIFTING ELEMENTS FOR CRANE MATS

An industrial mat having a supporting structure; an upper layer provided above the supporting structure for forming an upper surface of the mat, a lower layer provided below the supporting structure for providing a lower surface of the mat; and lifting elements attached to the upper layer, the lower layer or the supporting structure. The lifting elements include D-shaped members, O-shaped members, U-shaped members, eyelets, hooks, circular or polygonal rings, chains, or cables that are configured and dimensioned for attachment to attached to the supporting structure or the upper or lower layer with sufficient strength to provide certified overhead lifting of the mat for installation and reclamation thereof. 1. A crane mat having overhead lifting capability , comprising:a plurality of a plurality of longitudinal beams that are positioned in a side by side arrangement; each of the beams having a plurality of spaced lateral apertures passing therethrough, with the lateral apertures being in alignment to form bores through the mat;a plurality of joining members with each member passing through each beam through the aligned lateral apertures to hold the beams together in the side by side arrangement;an upper layer provided above the longitudinal beams for forming an upper working surface of the mat, a lower layer provided below the beams for providing a lower working surface of the mat or both upper and lower layers; and 'a loop portion that is configured with an opening sufficient to receive and allow grasping by a hook, fingers, hand or other lifting member, and a securement portion that includes an opening sufficient to receive a joining member therein, with the loop and securement portions either connected to each other or forming a unitary lifting element, and with a joining member passing through the securement portion to attach the lifting element to the mat;', 'one or more lifting elements each located in an opening that is at least partially present in one of ...

Modular flooring with improved grip

A modular tile is disclosed configured to interlock with multiple tiles to form a modular floor covering over a floor. The tile includes improved grip and bounce characteristics. The tile may include an upper contact surface having rib with top edges that are sharp. Protrusions may extend from the upper contact surface to provide grip and increase ball bounce performance. The tile may be made of a composite of rigid plastic and rubber to improper bounce characteristics, including by increasing the degree to which the tile conforms with a subfloor.

STRUCTURAL REINFORCED COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION MAT

A structural reinforced composite construction mat includes a plurality of composite plastic beams that are ganged together to define the mat, with a plurality of flitch plates disposed between at least some of the plastic beams to provide additional strength and rigidity to the mat. The plastic beams may be made of a composite material have a generally rectangular cross-section. The flitch plates have a width (vertical height) when disposed between adjacent beams that is less than the width (vertical height) of the beams, such that the flitch plates may be recessed below and above the top and bottom surfaces of the mat, respectively. A plurality of rods extend in the lateral direction through the beams and plates to compress the beams and plates against each. The flitch plates may be metal or fiber-reinforced resin and may further include slotted holes to allow the beams to retract lengthwise in response to environmental changes. 1. A mat assembly for use in construction and the like , comprising:a plurality of structural beams fabricated of composite plastics material and disposed in side-by-side arrangement;a plurality of flitch plates disposed between at least some of adjacent pairs of the structural plastic beams;a plurality of fasteners extending crosswise to the structural beams and flitch plates to secure them tightly together, and wherein the flitch plates increase the strength and stiffness of the mat assembly; and wherein at least one of the plurality of flitch plates comprises an I-beam having a central rib and opposing short legs projecting from the central rib at opposite top and bottom ends of the central rib, and wherein the short legs overly and engage top and bottom edge portion is of adjacent ones o the beams such that loads placed on one of the adjacent beams is transmitted to the other of the adjacent beams by the intervening I-beam.2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the I-beam is fabricated of metal.3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the I- ...

HYBRID CRANE MAT WITH LIFTING ELEMENTS

An industrial mat having a supporting structure; an upper layer provided above the supporting structure for forming an upper surface of the mat, a lower layer provided below the supporting structure for providing a lower surface of the mat; and lifting elements attached to the upper layer, the lower layer or the supporting structure. The lifting elements include D-shaped members, O-shaped members, U-shaped members, eyelets, hooks, circular or polygonal rings, chains, or cables that are configured and dimensioned for attachment to attached to the supporting structure or the upper or lower layer with sufficient strength to provide certified overhead lifting of the mat for installation and reclamation thereof. 1. A crane mat comprising:outer side members comprising first and second side beams or boards of engineered lumber, oak or other hardwoods, or bumper members of solid or filled or unfilled hollow plastic members that optionally may be reinforced;a core structure comprising a metal frame that includes side and end members and that contains therein a plurality of longitudinal members made of pine or other softwoods;external components including an upper layer of elongated members located above and attached to the core structure to protect the core structure, a lower layer of elongated members located below and attached to the core structure to also protect the core structure, or both of the upper and lower layers; anda plurality of joining rods that attach the outer side members to the core structure;wherein the elongated members are made of wood, engineered wood, or a thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic, or elastomeric material.2. The crane mat of wherein the outer side members claim 1 , side members of the frame and longitudinal members each include a plurality of spaced lateral apertures passing therethrough claim 1 , with the lateral apertures being in alignment to form bores through the mat; wherein each joining member passes through each of the previously ...

STRUCTURAL REINFORCED COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION MAT

A structural reinforced composite construction mat includes a plurality of composite plastic beams that are ganged together to define the mat, with a plurality of flitch plates disposed between at least some of the plastic beams to provide additional strength and rigidity to the mat. The plastic beams may be made of a composite material have a generally rectangular cross-section. The flitch plates have a width (vertical height) when disposed between adjacent beams that is less than the width (vertical height) of the beams, such that the flitch plates may be recessed below and above the top and bottom surfaces of the mat, respectively. A plurality of rods extend in the lateral direction through the beams and plates to compress the beams and plates against each. The flitch plates may be metal or fiber-reinforced resin and may further include slotted holes to allow the beams to retract lengthwise in response to environmental changes. 1. A mat assembly for use in construction and the like , comprising:a plurality of structural beams fabricated of composite plastics-based material that is substantially free of wood fiber and disposed in side-by-side arrangement;a plurality of flitch plates disposed between at least some of adjacent pairs of the structural plastic beams;a plurality of fasteners extending crosswise to the structural beams and flitch plates to secure them tightly together, and wherein the flitch plates increase the strength and stiffness of the mat assembly.2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the flitch plates are fabricated of metal.3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the flitch plates are fabricated of fiber-reinforced resin.4. The assembly of claim 2 , wherein the metallic flitch plates are steel.5. The assembly of wherein the flitch plates are glass fiber reinforced resin.6. The assembly of wherein there are fewer flitch plates than there are beams.7. The assembly of wherein there are at least 5 of the beams and at least 4 of the flitch plates.8. The ...

TIMBER ACCESS MAT WITH GROUNDING

A timber access mat having an electrical grounding feature includes an electrically conductive cover layer that is removably carried over the top of the body of the timber access mat. The electrically conductive cover layer can be formed from one or more sheets of expanded metal such as expanded steel. The layer is joined to a perimeter frame that includes offset connector tabs that allow mats to be positioned side-by-side. The connector tabs are paired with cable guides to protect the cable leads that connect the mats. The perimeter frame and conductive cover layer can be added to traditional timber access mats when electrical grounding is required and then removed and stored when not required. 1. A timber access mat with an electrical grounding feature; the mat comprising:a mat body having an upper perimeter edge;a metal frame disposed around the upper perimeter edge of the mat body;metal connector tabs extending outwardly from the metal frame; the metal connector tabs being disposed in complementary positions on opposite sides of the metal frame; the complementary positions of the metal connector tabs adapted to allow a pair of timber access mats being placed side-by-side without the metal connector tabs interfering with each other; anda conductive cover layer being connected to the metal frame and disposed over the mat body.2. The timber access mat of claim 1 , further comprising a cable guide connected to the frame; the cable guide defining an opening.3. The timber access mat of claim 2 , further comprising a flexible electrical cable lead connected to one of the metal connector tabs; the flexible electrical cable lead extending through the cable guide.4. The timber access mat of claim 1 , wherein the frame defines four sides and four corners; a cable guide being disposed between each corner and one of the metal connector tabs; each of the cable guides defining an opening.5. The timber access mat of claim 4 , further comprising a flexible electrical cable lead ...

GRASS PAVERS FOR INCREASING VISIBLE GREEN SPACE

A set of grass pavers for creating a paver arrangement is provided. Each grass pavers comprises intersecting longitudinal members and transverse members forming an inner opening for growing grass. Pairs of adjacent member extremities form partial openings configured to form complete openings when a 5 grass paver is assembled with adjacent grass pavers. The longitudinal members and/or the transverse members have recessed portion(s) having an upper face extending below the exposed top face of the unitary body. The recessed portions are hidden by grass when the grass paver is installed and in use in the paver arrangement. The grass paver have an overall surface area delimited by the 10 extremities of the longitudinal and transverse members, and a void surface area corresponding to a sum of the inner opening area and the partial opening areas. The void ratio, defined as the void surface area over the overall area, is greater than 50%. 1. A set of grass pavers for creating a paver arrangement , each of said grass pavers comprising: (i) intersecting longitudinal members and transverse members forming an inner opening for growing grass or for receiving other material, said inner opening having an inner opening area;', '(A) the extremities of the longitudinal members and of the transverse members having end sidewalls that are concavely shaped or convexly shaped along said height for vertically interlocking a given grass paver of said set of pavers with adjacent grass pavers;', '(ii) the longitudinal members having two pairs of extremities, each pair protruding outwardly from a different one of the transverse members; and the transverse members having one pair of extremities protruding outwardly from only one of the longitudinal members, and no extremities protruding outwardly from any other longitudinal member; pairs of adjacent extremities forming partial openings having respective partial opening areas, said partial openings being configured to form complete openings when ...

REINFORCED RUBBER GROUND COVER MAT

A ground cover mat includes a slab that encases a core assembly. The slab is made of a rubber material and defines a lower major surface and an upper major surface of the ground cover mat. The core assembly comprises horizontally extending boards, which may be made of wood, disposed in horizontally spaced apart, side-by-side relation with each other. The core assembly further comprises a rebar mesh, which may be made of steel, that is disposed on top of and in contact with the boards. 1. A ground cover mat comprising:(a) a slab made of a slab material comprising rubber, the slab defining a horizontally extending lower major surface of the ground cover mat and an horizontally extending upper major surface of the ground cover mat; and (i) a plurality of horizontally extending boards disposed in horizontally spaced apart side-by-side relation with each other; and', '(ii) a rebar mesh covering and in contact with the plurality of boards, the rebar mesh comprising a first plurality of horizontally extending rebars disposed in horizontally spaced apart side-by-side relation with each other, and a second plurality of horizontally extending rebars disposed in horizontally spaced apart side-by-side relation with each other, wherein the rebars of the second plurality of rebars are oriented transversely to and in contact with the rebars of the first plurality of rebars., '(b) a core assembly encased by the slab and disposed vertically between the lower major surface and the upper major surface of the ground cover mat, the core comprising2. The ground cover mat of wherein the mat has a substantially rectangular shape in a horizontal cross-section with a first pair of opposed edges extending horizontally in a first direction and a second pair of opposed edges extending horizontally in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction claim 1 , wherein boards of the plurality of boards are substantially aligned lengthwise parallel with the first ...

Apparatus and Related Methods of Paving a Subsurface

Disclosed may be an intermediate surface for supporting a small paver, wherein the surface can also be used to exchange heat with the pavers. In one embodiment, the apparatus may be a tray defined by a frame with a lattice for supporting pavers. The tray preferably features a tubing track throughout the lattice to accommodate heat exchange tubing. In operation the tray may be positioned above a pedestal or directly on a subsurface. In embodiment, the tray may be outfitted with insulation and a metal plate so that heat may be exchanged with pedestals via fluid passing through tubing installed throughout the lattice. In a preferred embodiment, the tray features a slot in its corners for receiving a locking disk or locking slider. 1. A paver tray comprising;a) a frame with at least one corner;b) a lattice within the frame, the lattice defining a paver support surface on one side and an underside on the opposite side, wherein the lattice defines a plurality of apertures, and a substantially solid center;c) a tubing track in the lattice; andd) a slot in the at least one corner for receiving a locking mechanism.2. The paver tray of further comprising a locking disk installed in the slot.3. The paver tray of wherein the locking disk is defined by a disk with a break away portion.4. The paver tray of wherein the breakaway portion is defined by a perforated seam.5. The paver tray of further comprising a locking slider installed in the slot.6. The paver tray of further configured to exchange heat with a paver.7. The paver tray of further comprising an insulation attached to the underside of the lattice via securement to the substantially solid center.8. The paver tray of further comprising a heat conducting plate with at east one tubing lane deposited into the tubing track.9. The paver tray of wherein a paver is positioned on the heat conducting plate.10. The paver tray of claim 1 , further comprising a pedestal upon which the frame is installed.11. The paver tray of wherein ...

MODULAR FOUNDATION SYSTEM FOR PLATFORM ASSEMBLIES

Modular foundation systems for assembling floating platform assemblies. Modular foundation systems comprise a base mat sized to engage retaining members within a grooves formed in the upper surface of the base mat. Using a combination of a number of base mats and retaining members, a platform assembly of virtually any desired size and shape can be readily assembled. 1. A molded unitary base mat for use in constructing a modular deck in conjunction with at least one retaining member having a length and a width , a lower retaining member surface , an upper retaining member surface and retaining member sides , the molded unitary base mat having:a. a length and a width, a lower molded unitary base mat surface, an upper molded unitary base mat surface, and molded unitary base mat sides; 'wherein the molded unitary base mat can be placed on a surface in alignment with at least one similar molded unitary base mat such that the plurality of molded unitary base mats will define a desired perimeter, shape and area of a modular deck being constructed; the grooves of adjacent molded unitary base mats being alignable with each other such that linear retaining members can be positioned therethrough to retain the molded unitary base mats in relative position to each other in the desired perimeter, shape and area of the modular deck.', 'b. at least one groove extending the length of the molded unitary base mat and having an interior width corresponding to the exterior width of a retaining member and being configured to engage at least a portion of the lower retaining member surface and retaining member sides of the retaining member;'}2. A kit for the construction of a modular deck , said kit comprising a plurality of molded unitary base mats each having:a. a length and a width, a lower molded unitary base mat surface, an upper molded unitary base mat surface, and molded unitary base mat sides; 'the number of molded unitary base mats within the kit being of sufficient shape and size ...

INTERLOCKING OF MATS HAVING STAGGERED ELONGATED COMPONENTS

An interlockable industrial mat having a plurality of elongated members some of which are arranged in staggered orientation to form protrusions and corresponding recesses on opposite ends of the mat. The elongated members are held together by a plurality of joining; members. To facilitate interlocking of one mat with another similarly configured mat, each protrusion includes a first hole that is in alignment with a first bore for receiving a connecting rod, and each end of the non-staggered members is provided with a second hole that is in alignment with a second bore for receiving another same size rod. The first and second bores are in alignment such that when the protrusions of one mat are received in the recesses of another mat, a connecting rod can be passed through each bore to interlock the mats together. Multiple mats can be interlocked that way to form temporary support structures. 1. An industrial mat comprising:a plurality of elongated members each having top, bottom and side surfaces, a rectangular or square cross section of dimensions of between about 2″ by about 2″ to about 16″ by about 16″, and a length of about 1 foot to about 60 feet, with each beam having about the same dimensions and length, and with all elongated members oriented parallel to each other with the top surfaces substantially in alignment to form a top surface for the mat and the bottom surfaces substantially in alignment to form a bottom surface for the mat; anda plurality of joining members passing through each elongated member to retain the elongated members in position and connected together to form the mat;wherein at least some of the elongated members are arranged in staggered orientation with respect to others, with each staggered elongated member positioned in the mat with a first end portion extending beyond a first end of an adjacent, non-staggered elongated component to form a protrusion on one end of the mat, and with a second, opposite end of each staggered elongated ...

ENVIRONMENTALLY RESISTANT ENCAPSULATED MAT CONSTRUCTION

An industrial mat that includes a core construction that provides strength and rigidity to the mat, with the core construction including various layers or plies of components at least some of which are typically made of wood or engineered wood; and a durable skin that surrounds and encapsulates at least the wood components of the mat or the entire core construction. The skin has a thickness sufficient to provide environmental resistance to the wood components or to the core construction to which it is applied. The skin also provides abrasion resistance to the boards and mat. 1. An industrial mat comprising:a core construction that provides strength and rigidity to the mat, the core construction comprising:(a) plural layers or plies of wood or engineered wood components that are nailed, bolted or riveted together to form a rigid core construction, or(b) a layer or ply of a thermoplastic material in the form of a plurality of adjacently arranged elongated members or a sheet member that optionally includes open or closed cells therein or therethrough, or(c) a thermosetting plastic support structure in the form of a plate, beam, grid, grating, ladder or pultruded tubes, or(d) a metal support structure in the form of beams that are welded together to form a frame or ladder structure, or a plate that optionally contains apertures therein, or(e) at least two layers or plies of elongated, sheet, plate, beam, grid, grating, ladder or tube members wherein the layers or plies are fastened or joined together; andan encapsulation of a thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastomeric material or a mixture thereof that surrounds and fully encapsulates the entire core construction and forms top and bottom surfaces of the mat, wherein the encapsulation has a thickness sufficient to provide environmental resistance to the wood components or core construction that it encapsulates, while also providing abrasion resistance to the mat;wherein each layer, ply or support structure has a length ...

STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FOR FORMING A GROUND COVERING

A structural element for forming a ground covering, in particular in an outdoor area, including a rectangular tile. A molded-on portion which is made of a plastic material and runs around the edge of the tile like a frame is preferably injection-molded and/or foamed onto the tile. 112-. (canceled)13. A structural element for forming a ground covering , comprising:a rectangular slab; anda molded-on formation of a plastic material that borders an edge of an slab in a frarne-like manner.14. The structural element according to claim 13 , wherein the molded-on formation is injection-molded and/or foamed onto the slab.15. The structural element according to claim 13 , wherein the slab is produced homogeneously from stoneware.16. The structural element according to claim 15 , wherein the slab is fine stoneware.17. The structural element according to claim 13 , wherein the molded-on formation comprises a cover portion that covers slab edge areas in a bordering manner to form half a joint filling.18. The structural element according to claim 13 , wherein the molded-on formation comprises devices for connecting additional of the structural elements to one another at the edges.19. The structural element according to claim 18 , wherein the molded-on formation comprises a portion that projects downward beyond an underside of the slab.20. The structural element according to claim 19 , wherein the connecting devices are formed by the portion of the molded-on formation that projects beyond the underside of the slab.21. The structural element according to claim 18 , wherein the connecting devices comprise elements for plug-in connection in a vertical or horizontal direction of insertion.22. The structural element according to claim 19 , wherein the portion of the molded-on formation projecting beyond the underside of the slab has on two edge sides of the slab that are perpendicular to one another a connecting strip with insertion holes and claim 19 , on the two other edge sides of ...

Protective Edge Member For A Laminated Support Mat

A protective edge member for a support mat includes an elongated substantially corrugated body defining two elongated ridges separated by an elongated groove. 1. A protective edge member for a support mat , the protective edge member comprising an elongated substantially corrugated body defining two elongated ridges separated by an elongated groove.2. The protective edge member according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated substantially corrugated body includes:first and second elongated outboard walls;first and second elongated inboard walls, wherein the first and second elongated outboard walls are connected to the first and second elongated inboard walls, respectively; anda central wall that connects the first and second elongated inboard walls.3. The protective edge member according to claim 2 , wherein the first elongated inboard wall and the first elongated outboard wall define a first elongated ridge claim 2 , wherein the second elongated inboard wall and the second elongated outboard wall define a second elongated ridge claim 2 , and wherein the first elongated inboard wall claim 2 , the second elongated inboard wall claim 2 , and the central wall connected therebetween define the elongated groove.4. The protective edge member according to claim 3 , wherein a first elongated side edge of the first outboard wall defines a first support mat engagement surface claim 3 , and a first elongated side edge of the second outboard wall defines a second support mat engagement surface.5. The protective edge member according to claim 4 , wherein a wide face of the central wall defines a third support mat engagement surface.6. The protective edge member according to claim 2 , further including:a first intermediate wall between the first outboard wall and the first inboard wall; anda second intermediate wall between the second outboard wall and the second inboard wall, wherein the first and second intermediate walls are substantially parallel to the central wall.7. The ...

INDUSTRIAL MAT HAVING SIDE BUMPERS AND LIFTING ELEMENTS

An industrial mat that has a support core configured and arranged to support other components of the mat; and upper and lower layers that provide upper and lower surfaces of the mat, with the layers protecting the support core. Bumpers are provided upon the longitudinal sides of the core, the front and rear end sides of the core, or upon all sides to protect the core from damage due to transport or installation of the mat. The bumpers are typically made of wood, or of a plastic or elastomeric material and have a shape that absorbs impact and shock forces. The mat also includes lifting elements of D-shaped rings, O-shaped rings, chains, or cables attached to the upper or lower layer or the support core, with the lifting elements configured and dimensioned to provide certified overhead lifting of the mat for installation and reclamation thereof. 1. An industrial mat comprising a support core that includes first and second spaced longitudinal side members and front and rear end members , with the core configured and arranged to support other external components of the mat; and external components including an upper layer located above and attached to the support core that forms an upper surface layer for the mat and that protects the support core , and a lower layer located below and attached to the support core that forms a lower surface layer of the mat and that also protects the support core; and bumpers provided upon the outer side of the longitudinal side members of the core or upon both the longitudinal side members and the front and rear end members of the core to protect the core from damage due to transport or installation of the mat , wherein the bumpers are made of wood , or of a plastic or elastomeric material , are removably attached to the support core and have a shape that absorbs impact and shock forces , and wherein the upper surface layers extends above the bumper members and the lower surface layers extend below the bumper members.2. The mat of claim ...

UNDERLAYMENT PANEL HAVING DRAINAGE CHANNELS

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage. 1. An impact absorption panel having a top surface , a bottom surface , and a core , the panel having a plurality of projections disposed across the bottom surface , the bottom surface projections having a hexagonal shaped first stage that defines a first spring rate and a hexagonal shaped second stage that defines a second spring rate , the panel having edges defining flanges configured to overlap with edges of an adjacent panel when the panel abuts a similar panel , the flanges defining a first edge flange and a second edge flange that include an arrangement of bottom projections and are offset relative to the top surface , the flanges further defining a third edge and fourth edge that are offset relative to the bottom surface , the panels being made from a plurality of polyolefin beads , the plurality of polyolefin beads bonded together by at least one of pressure and heat to produce a substantially water-impervious surface.2. The impact absorption panel of wherein the top surface includes top projections that extend over the third edge and fourth edge.3. ...

GRASS PAVERS FOR INCREASING VISIBLE GREEN SPACE

A set of grass pavers for creating a paver arrangement is provided. Each grass pavers comprises intersecting longitudinal members and transverse members forming an inner opening for growing grass. Pairs of adjacent member extremities form partial openings configured to form complete openings when a 5 grass paver is assembled with adjacent grass pavers. The longitudinal members and/or the transverse members have recessed portion(s) having an upper face extending below the exposed top face of the unitary body. The recessed portions are hidden by grass when the grass paver is installed and in use in the paver arrangement. The grass paver have an overall surface area delimited by the 10 extremities of the longitudinal and transverse members, and a void surface area corresponding to a sum of the inner opening area and the partial opening areas. The void ratio, defined as the void surface area over the overall area, is greater than 50%. 2. The set of grass pavers according to claim 1 , wherein the void ratio is determined at an upper-face plane level corresponding to the exposed top faces of the grass pavers.3. The set of grass pavers according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the grass pavers has a visible surface area corresponding to the exposed top face of the unitary body claim 1 , and wherein a visible ratio claim 1 , defined as the visible surface area over the overall surface area claim 1 , is equal or less than 40%.4. The set of grass pavers according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the grass pavers has its recessed portion located in a different pattern relative to the other ones of the grass pavers.5. The set of grass pavers according to claim 1 , wherein for at least some of the grass pavers claim 1 , the longitudinal members or the transverse members have an additional recessed portion adjacent to one of the partial openings.6. The set of grass pavers according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of said grass pavers with the additional recessed ...

LANDSCAPE PAVERS FOR GROUND INSTALLATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

A landscape paver includes a PV panel and a frame. The PV panel includes one or more PV cells and is operable to provide electrical power at a panel output terminal in response to operating light incident on a panel upper surface. The frame extends along the panel peripheral edge and defines a frame inside surface which, together with a lower panel surface, defines a base volume. A molded base material is located in the base volume. A light-transmissive paver cover material extends over the panel first surface and over at least a portion of a frame outside surface which faces away from the base volume. The landscape paver may be incorporated in a landscape installation and connected with other such pavers in the installation to provide a ground mounted PV panel array which also functions as a hardscape such as a walkway or patio. 1. A landscape paver including:(a) a PV panel having a panel first surface and a panel second surface with the panel first surface and the panel second surface bounded by a panel peripheral edge, the PV panel being operable to provide electrical power in response to operating light incident on the panel first surface;(b) a rigid frame extending along the panel peripheral edge and having a frame inside surface and a frame outside surface, the frame inside surface together with the panel second surface defining a base volume and the frame outside surface facing away from the base volume;(c) a molded base material located in the base volume, the molded base material including a base material backing surface and a base material lateral surface, the base material backing surface being molded against at least a portion of the panel second surface and the base material lateral surface being molded against at least a portion of the frame inside surface; and(d) a paver cover material extending over the panel first surface, the paver cover material being light-transmissive at least in portions extending over one or more areas of the panel first ...

ACCESS MAT

An access mat is described having a rectangular body with a length dimension and a width dimension. The body includes three laminated layers of lumber, with each of the lumber having a longitudinal axis. A first layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber, with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the length dimension. A second layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the width dimension. A third layer of the three layers has a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in an angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of lumber of the second layer. Correctors are provided for connecting the body with other like bodies. 1. An access mat , comprising:a rectangular body having a length dimension and a width dimension, the body having at least three cross-laminated layers of lumber laminated together by an adhesive and pressure, and each of the lumber having a longitudinal axis,a first layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the length dimension,a second layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in a parallel orientation extending across the width dimension, anda third layer of the three cross-laminated layers having a plurality of lumber with the longitudinal axis of each lumber in an angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the plurality of lumber of the second layer.2. The access mat of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of each lumber of the plurality of lumber of the second layer is in an orientation that is perpendicular to the orientation of the lumber of the first layer.3. The access mat of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal axis of each lumber of the plurality of ...

SEAMLESS ENCAPSULATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES FOR PAVING SURFACES

The present invention provides a photovoltaic module for paving surfaces that supports pedestrians and vehicles, comprising one or more photovoltaic cells interconnected in serial or in parallel and placed in the same plane including: an upper protective layer that is non-opaque and is seamlessly adhered to both the photovoltaic cells and another protective mounting layer that is and is seamlessly adhered from the bottom and sides. A further binding layer underneath the second protective layer, an anti-skid layer seamlessly adhered at the very top to the entire structure with irregular textures of various granularities, and a baseplate seamlessly adhered from the very bottom to the entire structure allow a glutinous material to be applied when paving a road surface with the disclosed modules. 1. A method of manufacturing photovoltaic modules used for paving pedestrian or vehicle pathways comprising:aligning one or more photovoltaic cells placed in a plane;seamlessly adhering a non-opaque, optical layer to the top surface and the side surfaces of the photovoltaic cells; andseamlessly adhering a mounting layer to the bottom of the photovoltaic cells and to the exposed bottom surfaces of the optical layer.2. A method of manufacturing photovoltaic modules used for paving pedestrian or vehicle pathways as claimed in wherein each of the optical layer claim 1 , the photovoltaic cells and the mounting layer are seamlessly adhered so that no voids or spaces empty of matter exist within the encapsulated photovoltaic apparatus.3. A method of manufacturing photovoltaic modules used for paving pedestrian or vehicle pathways as claimed in where a binding layer is seamlessly adhered to the exposed bottom of the mounting layer.4. A method of manufacturing photovoltaic modules used for paving pedestrian or vehicle pathways as claimed in where a binding layer with force damping and distribution properties is seamlessly adhered to the exposed bottom of the mounting layer.5. A method ...

OUTDOOR FLOORING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

The present invention discloses an outdoor flooring and a manufacturing method thereof, the outdoor flooring includes a metal core and a basal layer, the metal core is disposed within the basal layer, and the outdoor flooring has superior slip resistance and compression resistance, and has a small expansion coefficient. The invention is mainly used as a building material in outdoor public places, such as gardens, pavilions, lakes, seas and holiday villages. 1. An outdoor flooring comprising a metal core , a basal layer and a surface layer , wherein the metal core is disposed within the basal layer , the surface layer covers the basal layer , and raw materials for preparing the surface layer include any one of elastomeric material or ASA.2. The outdoor flooring according to claim 1 , wherein the metal core is a planar structure or its cross section is a zigzag structure claim 1 , and the metal core is provided with punched holes.3. The outdoor flooring according to claim 1 , wherein the surface layer is provided with noctilucent stripes thereon claim 1 , the raw materials for preparing the noctilucent stripes include noctilucent powder or mixture of noctilucent powder and pigment.4. The outdoor flooring according to claim 1 , wherein the raw materials for preparing the basal layer include plastic claim 1 , bulking agent and auxiliary agent.5. The outdoor flooring according to claim 4 , wherein the plastic is any one of PE claim 4 , PVC or PS.6. The outdoor flooring according to claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric material includes any one or mixture of more materials of flexible PVC claim 1 , rubber claim 1 , TPE or TPU.7. The outdoor flooring according to claim 1 , wherein the surface layer is provided with embossed patterns thereon.8. A method of manufacturing the outdoor flooring according to claim 1 , comprising the following steps:(1) preparing a metal core;(2) respectively formulating the raw materials of the basal layer and the raw materials of the surface layer ...

HEATABLE MODULE FOR USE IN CONSTRUCTING A PATHWAY FOR TRAFFIC

A heatable module for use in constructing a pathway for traffic comprises a base member having a perimeter edge. A top plate is securable to the base member in overlying relation to the top surface of the base member. An electrically powerable heater member retained by at least one of the base member and the top plate. To form a heatable pathway for traffic, the modules are placed in perimeter-edge-to-perimeter-edge relation one to the next. 1. A heatable module for use in constructing a pathway for traffic , said heatable module comprising:a base member having a perimeter edge;a top plate securable to said base member;an electrically powerable heater member retained by at least one of said base member and said top plate;wherein, to form a heatable pathway for traffic, said modules are placed in perimeter-edge-to-perimeter-edge relation one to the next.2. The heatable module of claim 1 , wherein said heatable module comprises a heatable modular panel.3. The heatable module of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , to form a heatable pathway for traffic claim 1 , said heatable modules are secured together one to the next.4. The heatable module of claim 1 , wherein said top plate is securable to said base member with a heater-receiving space therebetween claim 1 , and wherein said electrically powerable heater member is disposed between said top plate and said base member.5. The heatable module of claim 4 , wherein said electrically powerable heater member is disposed within said heater-receiving space between said base member and said top plate.6. The heatable module of claim 5 , wherein said top plate has a top surface and a bottom surface claim 5 , and wherein said electrically powerable heater member is disposed against the bottom surface of said top plate.7. The heatable module of claim 6 , wherein said electrically powerable heater member is secured to the bottom surface of said top plate.8. The heatable module of claim 7 , wherein said electrically powerable heater member ...

Underlayment Panel Having Drainage Channels

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage. 1. An impact absorption panel having a top surface , a bottom surface , and a core , the panel including a plurality drain holes extending from the top surface to the bottom surface , the panel having a plurality of bottom surface channels , the bottom surface channels being defined by sides of a plurality of adjacent bottom projections disposed across the bottom surface and projecting downwardly , the panels being made from a plurality of polyolefin beads , the plurality of polyolefin beads bonded together by at least one of pressure and heat to produce a substantially water-impervious surface , the panels having four edges , with two of the edges having flanges extending laterally beyond the core to overlap the edges of an adjacent similar panel when the panel is arranged with similar panels in a layer of panels.2. The panel of in combination other similar panels to form a layer of panels claim 1 , thereby forming a base layer having a generally continuously flat top surface.3. The panel of including at least one locking aperture enabling an interlocking ...

SAFETY SURFACE WITH ENGINEERED SHOCK-ABSORBING BASE

A safety surface with an engineered shock-absorbing base. The base may include one or more engineered resilient mats. The mats may be fabricated of repurposed tire rubber. The mats may be adjoined edgewise. Adjoined mats may be coupled together. The base may overlay a surface. The base may include upward-facing pockets. Interiors of the pockets may receive loose fill. An upper layer may cover the base. The upper layer may bond to the base. The upper layer may seal the loose fill within the safety surface. The upper layer may include poured-in-place surfacing. The upper layer may be textured. The upper layer may include synthetic turf. Impact upon the upper layer may be attenuated by flexion of the base. Mats may be coupled without hardware fasteners. Exterior surfaces of pockets of one mat may be nested into complementarily contoured features of an adjoining mat. 1. A safety surface for emplacement upon an under-layer , said safety surface comprising:a tile including a plurality of empty pockets, each of the pockets having at least one pocket upper edge, a lower outer surface of at least one of the pockets for engaging at least a part of the under-layer and an inner surface of each of the pockets for receiving loose fill, at least some of the pockets further having at least one aperture for allowing passage of fluid therethrough;the loose fill received within at least one of the pockets; andan upper layer of resilient material emplaced on the tile.2. The safety surface of claim 1 , wherein the under-layer includes a mineral aggregate.3. The safety surface of claim 1 , wherein the under-layer includes concrete.4. The safety surface of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pocket upper edge comprises at least a part of a pocket upper perimeter.5. The safety surface of claim 4 , wherein at least part of the outer surface comprises at least part of a pocket outer shape.6. The safety surface of claim 5 , wherein the pocket outer shape comprises at least one extremity at a ...

Wood paving stone and corresponding wood surface covering

The invention relates to a wood paving stone, especially to a ready-to-install interlocking wood paving stone and wood surface covering manufactured therefrom, one wood paving stone having a base body 1 with at least one top and bottom side 1.1, 1.2, the top side 1.1 forming the walking surface and the bottom side 1.2 forming the support surface of the wood paving stone. In an advantageous embodiment, the base body 1 has a multi-layer structure and the base body has one upper panel-like or block-like wood layer 2 and at least one additional support layer 3 forming the bottom side 1.2 of the base body 1, which are connected with each other directly or indirectly.

PERMEABLE PAVING SLAB AND PAVER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

A permeable paver and paving slab that have water permeability of on average about 1 inch per hour and compressive strength of an average of about 5000 psi to 8000 psi, the paver and paving slab manufactured by forming a mixture comprising blast-furnace slag, sand, gravel and Portland cement into predetermined sizes, shapes and colors as desired utilizing a hydraulic-type or equivalent compacting block forming machine. 1. A permeable paving slab formed into a predetermined dimension and shape utilizing a hydraulic-type compacting block forming machine , the predetermined dimension of the permeable paving slab further defined as having an approximate minimum exposed face area in the range of 0.065 mand an approximate minimum thickness in the range of 60 mm , the permeable paving slab comprising (i) a base of 3 parts by weight of blast-furnace slag and 1 part by weight of sand , (ii) between about one fifth and one half part by weight of ¼″ gravel , (iii) between 15 and 21 parts by weight Portland cement , the permeable paving slab having a water permeability in excess of 1 inch per hour and having an average compressive strength in excess of about 5000 psi.2. The permeable paving slab of in which the predetermined dimension further defined as having an approximate minimum length to width ratio of 4 between the overall length and thickness of the permeable paving slab.3. The permeable paving slab of in which the predetermined dimension of the exposed face area of the permeable paving slab is the up to about 1.0 m.4. The permeable paving slab of in which the predetermined dimension of the exposed face area of the permeable paving slab is between about 0.065 mand about to about 1.0 m.4. The permeable paving slab of wherein 40% of the Portland cement is comprised of SCMs formed by mineralization of CO.5. The permeable paving slab of wherein 30% of the Portland cement is comprised of SCMs formed by mineralization of CO.6. The permeable paving slab of wherein the SCMs ...

PERFORATED GEOCELL

A perforated geocell is made from a plurality of strips that form cells. Each cell wall has a single pattern of perforations spaced evenly over the cell wall. This avoids uneven distributions of stress over the cell wall, reducing deformation of the geocell. 1. A geocell formed from a plurality of polymeric strips , adjacent strips being bonded together along weld lines to form a plurality of cells having cell walls when stretched in a direction perpendicular to the faces of the strips;wherein at least one strip contains a cell wall having a first edge seam, a second edge seam, a central seam, and a plurality of perforations that have a diameter of from about 7 mm to about 30 mm; andwherein the perforations are arranged in a single pattern such that any ribbon having a width of 40 mm and a length equal to and parallel to the first edge seam will have at least one perforation.2. The geocell of claim 1 , wherein the perforations have a diameter from about 7 mm to about 15 mm.3. The geocell of claim 1 , wherein the perforations are circular and have a diameter from about 7 mm to about 15 mm.4. The geocells of claim 1 , wherein the perforations are non-circular and have an area equal to a circle having a diameter from about 7 mm to about 30 mm.5. The geocell of claim 1 , wherein the perforation pattern is such that when the strip has a wall thickness of 1.2 mm to 1.5 mm and is loaded in tensile mode with a load of 6.0 kN until the strip increases in length by 12% claim 1 , the increase in perforation diameter in the stress direction (average of at least 3 perforations in the most affected line) is at most 15%.6. The geocell of claim 1 , wherein the perforation pattern is such that when the strip has a wall thickness of 1.0 mm to 1.2 mm and is loaded in tensile mode with a load of 4.0 kN until the strip increases in length by 12% claim 1 , the increase in perforation diameter in the stress direction (average of at least 3 perforations in the most affected line) is at ...

SUPPORT UNIT FOR FORMING A TEMPORARY ROADWAY

A support unit () is connectable together with similar such units to form a temporary roadway. A plurality of upwardly extending and tapering recesses () are provided on a lower surface () of the support unit () to provide engagement with the ground. Locking arrangements and respective flanges and corresponding recesses are provided on the sides of the support units (), for interconnecting adjacent such units (). 164-. (canceled)65. A support component , comprising:a support unit having an underside surface, a first pair of sides, a second pair of sides, and a plurality of connection arrangements;the first pair of sides comprising a first side and a second side, the first side and the second side being positioned opposite each other on the support unit, the second pair of sides comprising a third side and a fourth side, the third side and the fourth side being positioned opposite each other on the support unit, the plurality of connection arrangements being positioned on at least one of the first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side;the underside surface comprising a plurality of recesses are engageable with a ground surface and the plurality of recesses tapering inwardly into the support unit in an upward direction.66. The support component of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of recesses each comprise a first portion and a second portion claim 65 , the first portion extending from the underside surface at a first angle claim 65 , the second portion extending from the first portion at a second angle claim 65 , the second angle being greater than the first angle.67. The support component of claim 66 , wherein the second portion is axially offset relative to the first portion.68. The support component of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of recesses are substantially square in plan view.69. The support component of claim 65 , wherein the plurality of recesses each have a closed top surface.70. The support component of claim 65 , wherein the ...

LIGHT SIGNALLING SLAB AND SYSTEM CAPABLE OF USING SUCH A SLAB

The invention relates to a one-piece light signalling slab () comprising a structure with a plurality of layers that are superposed and attached together, said structure comprising: 117-. (canceled)18. An apparatus comprising a slab , wherein said slab is a luminous signaling slab , wherein said slab is of integral construction and comprises a structure having superposed layers that are fastened to one another , said wherein said structure comprises a first layer , a luminous assembly , and encapsulating assembly , and a second layer , wherein said first layer forms a front face of said slab , wherein said first layer is transparent or translucent , wherein said luminous assembly comprises light-emitting diodes that are electrically connected to one another , wherein said encapsulating assembly encapsulates said light-emitting diodes , wherein said second layer forms a back face of said slab , wherein said second layer comprises at least one of a polymer and a composite of polymer and glass fiber , and wherein said encapsulating assembly is positioned between said first layer and said second layer.19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein said first layer of said slab comprises tiles claim 18 , wherein each tile faces at least one light-emitting diode.20. The apparatus of claim 18 ,wherein the first layer of said slab comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate claim 18 , polymethyl methacrylate claim 18 , ethylene tetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.21. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein said first layer has a thickness in excess of a hundred micrometers.22. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the second layer of said slab has a stiffness defined by a Young's modulus claim 18 , wherein claim 18 , at room temperature claim 18 , said stiffness is higher than a gigapascal.23. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein said second layer of said slab has a thickness that is between 0.3 millimeters and 3 millimeters.24. The apparatus of ...

HYBRID INDUSTRIAL MATS

A hybrid crane/rig laminated mat that has a reusable non-wood, environmentally resistant support core made of a sheet, a plurality of elongated members, a plurality of compartments, or combinations thereof; an upper layer provided above the support core that forms an upper surface for the mat, and a lower layer provided below the support core that forms a lower surface of the mat; wherein the upper and lower layers comprises boards or elongated members that are attached to the support core directly or indirectly through other components. The boards or elongated members of the upper and/or lower layers can be removed and replaced on the reusable support core. 1. An industrial mat comprising:a support core made of a sheet, a plurality of elongated members, a plurality of compartments, or combinations thereof, made of environmentally resistant non-wood materials, the support core configured to support additional components of the mat and having sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand heavy equipment compression and impact loads during use; additional components that include an upper layer provided above the support core that forms an upper surface for the mat, and a lower layer provided below the support core that forms a lower surface of the mat; wherein the upper and lower layers comprises boards or elongated members that are attached to the support core directly or indirectly through other components.2. The mat of wherein the support core is made of thermoplastic claim 1 , thermosetting plastic or elastomeric materials and wherein the upper and lower layers comprise elongated members made of wood claim 1 , engineered wood claim 1 , thermoplastic claim 1 , thermosetting plastic or elastomeric materials to provide abrasion claim 1 , wear and abuse resistance to the mat.3. The mat of claim 1 , having a length of about 4 to about 60 feet claim 1 , a width of about 4 to about 8 feet and a height of about 6 inches to 24 inches; wherein the support core has a ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS AND SYSTEM WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to tactile warning panels, and in particular to tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric material claim 2 , plastic composite claim 2 , polyurethane with glass fiber claim 2 , fiber reinforced plastic claim 2 , concrete claim 2 , polymer concrete claim 2 , fiber reinforced foam claim 2 , graphene claim 2 , sheet molding compound claim 2 , ...

Waterproof sheet and waterproofing method including using same

A waterproof sheet which is for application to a site to be waterproofed in order to prevent rainwater infiltration thereinto and retard deteriorations which proceed with time, the waterproof sheet comprising: a base layer that comprises a silicone rubber composition reinforced with reinforcing fibers and that has physical properties including high strength; and a pressure-sensitive silicone adhesive layer that has been formed on one surface of the base layer and that has a low hardness and is highly tacky. The waterproof sheet provided by the present invention less breaks than conventional waterproof sheets because of the reinforcement layer, and can conform to cracks or dislocations occurring in the surfaces to which the waterproof sheet has been applied, due to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on one surface. Since the waterproof sheet includes silicones as main components and is hence excellent in terms of weatherability, heat resistance, and freeze resistance, this waterproof sheet can retain the function required of waterproof sheets, over a longer period.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MIXING GROW MEDIA AND ADDMIXTURES WITH A POLYMER FOR SPRAYING ONTO SURFACES FOR THE GROWING OF PLANTS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER

The invention taught is a method and apparatus to mix a special polymer, hot water or other hot water material containing additives and a special mixture of dry growing substances mixed in a particular way so that they may be applied to structures such as to ceilings, walls, and any grade of vertical slants, commercial roofs, courtyards, indoor and outdoor applications. The purpose is to coat any surface and grow any plant for any reason be it erosion control, beautification of an area. The invention would help in reforestation after fires and such. This invention has a wide range of applications and so it is impossible to limit it to just one of these applications. Green parking lots and green areas that before could not be made green is just one area for the invention. 1. A composition comprising a soil like growing mixture , a polymer and at least one or more admixtures wherein the soil like growing mixture , the admixtures and a polymer are mixed and applied to a surface where polymerization takes place creating a sponge-like matrix suitable for growing any plant capable of growth.2. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a roof3. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a wall.4. The composition of wherein the surface is the subject of erosion control measures5. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a parking lot6. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a driveway7. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a fire lane8. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a parking lot9. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a driveway10. The composition of wherein the surface is the surface of a fire lane11. The Matrix of wherein the soil like mixture contains at least one of a bark claim 1 , peat moss claim 1 , Finland Peat moss claim 1 , worm castings claim 1 , coconut fiber claim 1 , natural organic latex claim 1 , perlite claim 1 , vermiculite ...

Structural Underlayment Support System And Panel For Use With Paving And Flooring Elements

A paving system for paving or flooring includes a top layer of a plurality of paving elements, and an underlayment support layer of a polymeric material configured into panels. The panels are suitable to support the paving elements, the panels having a generally planar support surface. 1. A paving system for paving comprising:a top layer of a plurality of paving elements; andan underlayment support layer in the form of panels positioned underneath the top layer, the panels being made of a core with a top side and a bottom side, the core being made from expanded polymeric bead material, with the polymeric bead material having been molded under heat and compression to bond the beads together and to compress the beads to the extent sufficient to substantially remove the interstitial voids between the beads, the panels having spaced apart drainage holes that interconnect the panel top side with the panel bottom side such that the overall underlayment layer is porous to the flow of fluids.2. The paving system of in which the panels have a plurality of projections extending across the bottom side of the panel claim 1 , the projections forming bottom channels suitable for water drainage flow.3. The paving system of in which the panels have a generally planar support surface and a recovery characteristic such that a deformation from a concentrated compressive load applied for a short duration and then removed returns the support surface to a generally planar condition.4. The paving system of in which the panels have an edge configuration sufficient to interlock adjacent panels and to permit fluid communication of the bottom side channels of one panel to the bottom side channels of the adjacent panel.5. The paving system of in which the panels have sufficient rigidity to disperse concentrated loads of the paving elements and a recovery characteristic that mitigates a permanent compression applied directly to the panels from a walking or kneeling event during installation of ...

Plant Tray

A planting system having a plurality of potting trays that can be interconnected in a modular fashion to create a multitude of different configurations. Each potting tray has a plurality of holes operatively connected with a conduit through which plumbing can be incorporated into the planting system to water plants in the potting trays via the plurality of holes. A plurality of pedestals may be used to elevate the planting system. Lateral braces may be used to interconnect the plurality of pedestals. 1. A potting tray , comprising:a) a floor;b) four sidewalls operatively connected to the floor, thereby defining a container with an open top, wherein each sidewall comprises a cutout, and two adjacent sidewalls each comprises a connector protruding away from its respective sidewall to create a lip, wherein the lip is in the shape of the cutouts and configured to mate with a cutout of an adjacent potting tray, thereby allowing two adjacent potting trays to connect with each other;c) a plurality of slots on the sidewalls so that the potting tray can be elevated, wherein the floor comprises a plurality of separated troughs defined by barriers;d) a covered conduit operatively connected to the floor to allow plumbing to pass through along floor; ande) a plurality of holes created in the floor or the barriers through which water can be fed into the potting tray, wherein the holes are in fluid communication with the covered conduit so that water released from plumbing in the covered conduit are introduced into the troughs via the plurality of holes.2. A potting tray , comprising:a) a floor;b) at least one sidewall operatively connected to the floor defining a container with an open top;c) a covered conduit operatively connected to the floor to allow plumbing to pass underneath the floor; andd) a plurality of holes through which water can be fed into the potting tray, wherein the s holes are in fluid communication with the covered conduit so that rater released from plumbing ...

HYBRID CRANE MAT UTILIZING VARIOUS LONGITUDINAL MEMBERS

A crane mat having first and second side beams or boards; a core structure made of pine or other softwoods, eucalyptus, solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that optionally include a filler or internal reinforcing structure; external components including an upper and/or lower layers of one or more elongated members to protect the core structure, and a plurality of joining members that attach the outer side members to the core structure. Another crane mat can be made of just the solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that each include a plurality of spaced lateral apertures passing therethrough; and joining members that include a rod that passes through the aligned lateral apertures to hold the members together in the mat. These crane mats may also include lifting elements of the types described herein. 1. A crane mat comprising:outer side members comprising first and second side beams or boards of engineered lumber, oak or other hardwoods, solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that optionally include a filler or internal reinforcing structure;a core structure comprising a plurality of longitudinal members made of pine or other softwoods, eucalyptus, solid plastic or elastomeric members, or hollow thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic or elastomeric members that optionally include a filler or internal reinforcing structure;external components including an upper layer of one or more elongated members located above and attached to the core structure to protect the core structure, a lower layer of one or more elongated members located below and attached to the core structure to also protect the core structure, or both of the upper and lower layers; anda plurality of joining members that attach the outer side members to opposite sides of the core structure;wherein ...

INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT MAT INTERLOCK DEVICE

The present disclosure is directed to an interlocking joint device and method of using same, configured to adapt to most existing industrial access matting products to create an overlapping lip configuration that: (1) interlocks pre-existing individual mats together; (2) protects the perimeter of the mat from excessive wear and damage to improve performance and versatility; and (3) provides a serviceable and/or replaceable part that creates an inexpensive alternative to replacing entire matting products. 1. A device comprising:a first insertable tongue section of a pre-determined width, length and thickness further comprising an at least one raised securing ridges along a top and bottom surface; anda second protruding mating section, configured as a top or bottom mating section, of a pre-determined width, length, thickness and cross-sectional geometric shape, wherein said cross-sectional geometric shape is configured to be a corresponding mating piece, top to bottom and bottom to top, connected to said first insertable tongue section and further comprising an at least one cut-out along its length placed to correspond with an at least one cut-out along the length of said corresponding mating pieces.2. The device of wherein the overall length of the device is approximately seven to eight feet.3. The device of wherein the overall length of the device is approximately thirteen to fourteen feet.3. The device of wherein it is made from a material chosen from the following group: plastic claim 1 , fiberglass claim 1 , metals claim 1 , metal alloys claim 1 , composite materials claim 1 , PVC claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , and fiberglass reinforced plastics.4. The device of wherein one end of the device is squared off at a ninety-degree angle and the other end is mitered at a forty-five degree angle.5. The device of wherein both ends of the device are squared of at a ninety-degree angle.6. The device of wherein the first insertable tongue section further comprises an at ...

MULTIFUNCTIONAL SYNTHETIC RESIN BLOCK FOR ROAD

Disclosed is a multifunctional synthetic resin block for roads. The synthetic resin block includes a water permeable sheet configured as a synthetic resin block having a flat sheet shape so as to be laid on a ground, a block frame configured as a synthetic resin body taking a form of a rectangular frame, which is divided into multiple rectangular areas each having open top and bottom sides, so as to be installed on the upper surface of the water permeable sheet, the rectangular areas being filled with filler stones, and multiple corrugated plates each configured as a synthetic resin having a rectangular plate shape and arranged so that corrugations thereof are oriented perpendicular to each other so as to cover the rectangular areas of the block frame. The synthetic resin block provides almost all functions, such as a rainwater retention function, water permeation function, and anti-slippage function, at low cost. 1. A multifunctional synthetic resin block for roads , comprising:a water permeable sheet configured as a synthetic resin block taking a form of a flat sheet to enable permeation of water through pores in a predetermined pattern, the water permeable sheet being laid on a ground;a block frame configured as a synthetic resin body taking a form of a rectangular frame, which is divided by at least one longitudinal partition and at least one transverse partition so as to have a plurality of rectangular areas each having open top and bottom sides, the block frame being installed on an upper surface of the water permeable sheet;a plurality of filler stones having irregular shapes so that each filler stone has a larger particle size than a size of any pore in the water permeable sheet, the rectangular areas of the block frame being filled with the filler stones; anda plurality of corrugated plates each configured as a synthetic resin body taking a form of a rectangular plate having a transverse cross section in which “V”-shaped convex and concave portions are ...

Underlayment panel having drainage channels

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.

ELECTRICALLY-GROUNDED WORK PLATFORM

A timber access mat having an electrical grounding feature includes an electrically conductive cover layer that is removably carried over the top of the body of the timber access mat. The electrically conductive cover layer can be formed from one or more sheets of expanded metal such as expanded steel. The layer is joined to a perimeter frame that includes offset connector tabs that allow mats to be positioned side-by-side. The connector tabs are paired with cable guides to protect the cable leads that connect the mats. The perimeter frame and conductive cover layer can be added to traditional timber access mats when electrical grounding is required and then removed and stored when not required. 1. An electrically-grounded work platform capable of supporting the weight of personnel , vehicles , and equipment thereupon on the ground; the work platform comprising:a plurality of conductive supports disposed next to each other; each of the supports including a lower structural support adapted to be disposed on the ground;each of the conductive supports also including a conductive upper support connected to the lower structural support; the conductive upper support defining a plurality of openings; each conductive upper support configured to support the weight of personnel, vehicles, and equipment thereupon;each conductive upper support having an upper surface;each of the conductive supports being electrically connected to at least another of the conductive supports with a flexible electrical connector; each flexible electrical connector being connected below the upper surface of the conductive upper support of the conductive support to which it is connected; anda grounding pin electrically connected to at least one of the conductive supports and disposed in the ground.2. The work platform of claim 1 , wherein each of the conductive upper supports includes a substantially vertical frame member disposed at an outer perimeter of the conductive upper support.3. The work ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OF PAVER BLOCKS AND BRICKS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE

The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing of paver block and bricks. The method includes addition of cementitious materials. In addition, the method includes addition of conventional aggregates. Further, the method includes addition of additives. Furthermore, the method includes addition of binding materials. Moreover, the method includes homogenization of the added materials to obtain a first mixture. Also, the method includes addition of a hardener solution to the first mixture. Also, the method includes mixing the first mixture with the hardener solution for 5 minute to 30 minute to obtain a second mixture. Also, the method includes casting the second mixture into a mould to obtain a solidified part. Also, the method includes curing the solidified part in atmospheric air. 1. A method for manufacturing of paver block and bricks from industrial waste residue , the method comprising:adding a first pre-defined quantity of cementitious materials in one or more mixers;adding a second pre-defined quantity of conventional aggregates in each of the one or more mixers;adding a third pre-defined quantity of additives in each of the one or more mixers, wherein the additives comprising Jarosite, slag and mine tailings;adding a fourth pre-defined quantity of binding materials in each of the one or more mixers;homogenizing the cementitious material, the conventional aggregates, the additives and the binding materials to obtain a first mixture, wherein the homogenizing is done in each of the one or more mixers;adding a fifth pre-defined quantity of hardener solution to the first mixture in each of the one or more mixers;mixing the first mixture with the hardener solution for a pre-defined time interval of 5 minute to 30 minute to obtain a second mixture, wherein the mixing is done in each of the one or more mixers;casting the second mixture into a mould to obtain a solidified part; andcuring the solidified part for about 5 to 28 days in atmospheric air to obtain ...

PAVING BLOCK FORMED OF RUBBER CRUMB AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A hollow paving block comprises a substantially planar member having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first surface of the planar member is a textured surface which functions as a top of the paving block. A side wall extends along and away from a periphery of the second surface of the planar member to define a cavity in the paving block. The side wall has a bevelled edge which extends about a mouth of the cavity. At least one protrusion extends along the second surface of the planar member. The paving block is formed in part from crumb rubber and polyolefin. 1. A method of manufacturing an object , the method comprising the steps of:providing a mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin;feeding the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin into a barrel and screw;heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel to produce a heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin;conveying the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin along the barrel towards a nozzle; andextruding the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin through the nozzle into a mold so that melted polyolefin solidifies and forms a matrix about the crumb rubber.2. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture included providing a mixture of approximately 50% to 80% by weight crumb rubber which is between 10 mesh and less than 20 mesh crumb rubber and 18% to 40% by weight polyolefin having a melting index ranging between approximately 5 g/10 minutes and approximately 50 g/10 minutes.3. The method as claimed in wherein the step of heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel includes heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin to a temperature between 150° C. and 220° C.4. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture includes providing the mixture with 55% to 75% by weight crumb rubber.5. The method as claimed in ...

MATTING SYSTEM

Improved containment mats and systems of containment mats may include multiple adjoining mats with a top surface and a bottom surface. The multiple mats may provide a modular structural mat system that may be installed at a drill site, with multiple mats placed adjacent to each other with a lap joint connecting adjacent mats. A geotextile may be used to cover the lap joints and a coating applied to the geotextile. Such a system may provide containment of potential spills, a reliable working surface for drilling operations, and relatively fast and less expensive installation. 1. A modular structural mat , comprising:a top layer comprising a plurality of adjacent boards arranged parallel to one another in a first direction;a bottom layer comprising a plurality of adjacent boards arranged parallel to one another in the first direction; anda middle layer located between the top layer and the bottom layer comprising a plurality of adjacent boards arranged parallel to one another in a second direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first direction;wherein a first lap joint on at least a first edge of the modular structural mat is milled into the modular structural mat and extends through the bottom layer and into the middle layer,wherein a second lap joint on at least a second edge of the modular structural mat is milled into the modular structural mat and extends through the top layer and into the middle layer, andwherein the first lap joint of a first modular structural mat is configured to engage with the second lap joint of an adjacent second modular structural mat.2. The modular structural mat of claim 1 , wherein each board of the top layer is coupled with one or more adjacent boards of the top layer with an adhesive.3. The modular structural mat of claim 2 , wherein each board of the top layer is coupled with each board of the middle layer with an adhesive.4. The modular structural mat of claim 1 , wherein each board of each of the top layer claim 1 , ...

PAVING BLOCK FORMED OF RUBBER CRUMB AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A hollow paving block comprises a substantially planar member having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first surface of the planar member is a textured surface which functions as a top of the paving block. A side wall extends along and away from a periphery of the second surface of the planar member to define a cavity in the paving block. The side wall has a beveled edge which extends about a mouth of the cavity. At least one protrusion extends along the second surface of the planar member. The paving block is formed in part from crumb rubber and polyolefin. 1. A method of manufacturing an object , the method comprising the steps of:providing a mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin;feeding the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin into a barrel and screw;heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel to produce a heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin;conveying the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin along the barrel towards a nozzle; andinjecting the heated mixture of crumb rubber and melted polyolefin through the nozzle into a mold so that melted polyolefin solidifies and forms a matrix about the crumb rubber.2. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture included providing a mixture of approximately 50% to 80% by weight crumb rubber which is between 10 mesh and less than 20 mesh crumb rubber and 18% to 40% by weight polyolefin having a melting index ranging between approximately 5 g/10 minutes and approximately 50 g/10 minutes.3. The method as claimed in wherein the step of heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin in the barrel includes heating the mixture of crumb rubber and granular polyolefin to a temperature between 150° C. and 220° C.4. The method as claimed in wherein the step of providing the mixture includes providing the mixture with 55% to 75% by weight crumb rubber.5. The method as claimed in wherein ...

Hybrid industrial mats having side protection

A hybrid crane/rig mat that has outer side members of first and second side beams or boards of engineered lumber, oak or other hardwoods, or bumper members of solid or filled or unfilled hollow plastic members; a core structure of a metal or thermosetting plastic frame that includes side and end members and that contains therein a plurality of longitudinal members made of wood, engineered lumber, or of plastic or elastomeric materials; and a plurality of joining rods that pass through the outer side members, the core structure and longitudinal members to attach the outer side members to the core structure. The first end of the mat includes a male member and the second end of the mat includes a female member so that a first end of one mat can be releasably interlocked with a second end of a similarly configured and adjacently positioned additional mat.

TRESTLE MAT CONSTRUCTION PANEL CONFIGURED FOR USE WITH BUILDING EQUIPMENT AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND/OR USE THEREOF

A trestle mat construction panel configured for use with building equipment and a method of manufacture and use thereof. The trestle mat construction panel is preferably formed of a partially hollow core body and strong support material to allow the construction panel to be easily placed and moved and to support various materials, such as construction equipment including cranes and the like, when in use. 1. A construction panel , comprising:a core body of the panel comprising a first major surface and a second major surface, the first and second major surfaces being spaced apart and generally parallel to each other, the core body defining a plurality of voids therein;a first plurality of anchors disposed on the first major surface and extending generally outwardly from the core body;a second plurality of anchors disposed on the second major surface and extending generally outwardly from the core body;a first strengthening layer secured to the first major surface of the core body with the first plurality of anchors embedded therein; anda second strengthening layer secured to the second major surface of the core body with the second plurality of anchors embedded therein, wherein the first major surface of the core body is formed by a first plurality of sub-plates each having an L-shape with a base section and a flange section which extends generally perpendicularly to the base section, the first plurality of sub-plates being positioned generally side-by-side with an overlap between the base section of adjacent sub-plates to form the first major surface, the first plurality of anchors being formed by the flange section of at least some of the first plurality of sub-plates.2. The construction panel of claim 1 , further comprising a corrugated support member disposed between the first major surface and the second major surface claim 1 , the corrugated support member contacting both the first major surface and the second major surface.3. The construction panel of claim 1 ...

TRESTLE MAT CONSTRUCTION PANEL CONFIGURED FOR USE WITH BUILDING EQUIPMENT AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND/OR USE THEREOF

A trestle mat construction panel configured for use with building equipment and a method of manufacture and use thereof. The trestle mat construction panel is preferably formed of a partially hollow core body and strong support material to allow the construction panel to be easily placed and moved and to support various materials, such as construction equipment including cranes and the like, when in use. 1. A construction panel , comprising:a core body of the panel comprising a first major surface and a second major surface, the first and second major surfaces being spaced apart and generally parallel to each other, the core body defining a plurality of voids therein;a first plurality of anchors disposed on the first major surface and extending generally outwardly from the core body;a second plurality of anchors disposed on the second major surface and extending generally outwardly from the core body;a first strengthening layer secured to the first major surface of the core body with the first plurality of anchors embedded therein; anda second strengthening layer secured to the second major surface of the core body with the second plurality of anchors embedded therein.2. The construction panel of claim 1 , wherein the first and second strengthening layers are formed of at least one of: a concrete claim 1 , a fiber reinforced concrete claim 1 , cement claim 1 , epoxy claim 1 , asphalt claim 1 , and cellular concrete and wherein the core body is formed of at least one of steel claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , alloy claim 1 , and polyvinyl chloride.3. The construction panel of claim 1 , wherein the first major surface of the core body is formed by a first plurality of sub-plates each having an L-shape with a base section and a flange section which extends generally perpendicularly to the base section claim 1 , the first plurality of sub-plates being positioned generally side-by-side with an overlap between the base section of adjacent sub-plates to form the first major ...

ECOLOGICALLY FRIENDLY TRACTION MAT

A system and method of an operating surface for vehicles in a roadless area is provided. More specifically, a mat that provides a vehicle operating surface in a roadless area is provided. The mat includes pockets forming ridges with a predetermined orientation. A variety of materials may be positioned within the pockets to provide a predetermined thickness and rigidity to the pockets. The pockets of a first portion of the mat alternate with pockets of a second portion of the mat. In this manner, the mat may be folded for transport, handling, and storage. 1. A mat for vehicles including a plurality of ridges , comprising:an area defined by a first sheet selectively joined to a second sheet, the area having a predetermined length and width;first pockets formed in a first portion of the area and second pockets formed in a second portion of the area, each of the first and second pockets defined by two generally parallel joints interconnecting the first sheet to the second sheet, wherein the first pockets alternate along the length of the area with the second pockets;a filling member positionable within each of the first and second pockets, the filling member comprising a first cylinder with a first bore and a second cylinder positionable within the first bore; anda median portion between the first and second portions, the median portion devoid of pockets, wherein the mat is foldable along a longitudinal axis of the median portion such that a first pocket of the first portion is arranged between two adjacent pockets of the second portion.2. The mat of claim 1 , wherein the first pockets are aligned at a first angle with the length of the mat area and the second pockets are aligned at a second angle with the length of the mat area.3. A mat for vehicles claim 1 , comprising:an area defined by a predetermined length and width, the area comprising a first portion, a median portion, and a second portion;pockets formed in the first and second portions; anda filling member for ...

Groutless Patterns for Pavement Surfaces Using Thermoplastic Preforms

The disclosure describes an article of manufacture and method of forming one or more paver or paver-like patterned preforms for application to a pavement surface. The pattern may be selected for functional or decorative purposes. These distinct thermoplastic pavement marking patterned preforms comprise at least four independent sections wherein each of the four independent sections are placed on a pavement surface such that the four independent sections are separate and distinct and the four sections have top surfaces that are coplanar and also different from one another wherein the difference is selected from the group consisting of: different shades, different colors, and different textures, and wherein at least two of the four independent sections that are contiguous with each other are different shades, colors, or textures and wherein no grout line exists separating any of the four independent sections that combined together comprise the patterned preforms.

Polystyrene-Based Structural Materials

The disclosure features structural tiles and methods for forming such tiles, the tiles including a tile body featuring one or more polystyrene materials, and a coating featuring an epoxy resin and an aggregate material, disposed on at least one surface of the tile body, where the structural tile has a dry coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.75 and a wet coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.70, and where the dry coefficient of kinetic friction is larger than the wet coefficient of kinetic friction by 0.05 or less. 1. A structural tile , comprising:a tile body comprising one or more polystyrene materials; anda coating comprising an epoxy resin and an aggregate material, disposed on at least one surface of the tile body,wherein the structural tile has a dry coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.75 and a wet coefficient of kinetic friction of at least 0.70; andwherein the dry coefficient of kinetic friction is larger than the wet coefficient of kinetic friction by 0.05 or less.2. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the dry coefficient of kinetic friction is larger than the wet coefficient of kinetic friction by 0.03 or less.3. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate material comprises sand.4. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the coating is disposed on all surfaces of the tile body.5. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises at least two different polystyrene materials.6. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises at least one fluorescent agent.7. The tile of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the one or more polystyrene materials comprises a functional group comprising a fluorescent chemical moiety.8. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises particles or wires formed from at least one metallic material.9. The tile of claim 1 , wherein the tile body comprises one or more coloring agents.10. The tile of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of pores formed in the tile body.11. The tile of claim 10 , wherein at ...

System, Apparatus and Related Method for Raised Ground Cover Mat

A ground cover mat is provided for vehicles and equipment to cross over pipes, whether laid below or above ground. The mat includes two footing members spaced at a distance from each other. Each of the footing members define therein multiple peg holes, and each of the peg holes spaced at different distances from an outer edge of a given footing member. The mat also includes one or more span members. Each of the span members are positioned above and removably attached to the two footing members. Each of the one or more span members comprise at least two pegs that protrude downwards, wherein one of the pegs removably fit into a given peg hole defined in one of the two footing members and another one of the pegs removably fit into a given peg hole defined in another one of the two footing members. 1: A ground cover mat comprising:two footing members spaced at a spanning distance from each other, each of the footing members comprising a first lengthwise outer edge and a second lengthwise outer edge;each of the footing members define therein multiple peg holes, each of the peg holes spaced at different distances from the first lengthwise outer edge;one or more span members, each of the span members positioned above and removably attached to the two footing members;each of the one or more span members comprise at least two pegs that protrude downwards, wherein one of the pegs removably fit into a given peg hole defined in one of the two footing members and another one of the pegs removably fit into a given peg hole defined in another one of the two footing members.2: The ground cover mat of wherein the spanning distance between the two footing members is adjusted by placing the one of the pegs into a different given peg hole defined in the one of the two footing members claim 1 , or by placing the another one of the pegs into a different given peg hole defined in the another one of the two footing members claim 1 , or both.3: The ground cover mat of wherein at least one ...

MODULAR PLATFORM DECK FOR TRAFFIC

A modular assembly and method of installing a modular assembly is provided. The modular assembly can include a plurality of base members made of a plastic material, each base member including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite of the top surface, the bottom surface defining channels. A plurality of support members can be provided, each of the plurality of support members may extend across the plurality of base members and disposed within the channels of the plurality of base members. A mounting bracket can be configured to mount each of the plurality of support members to a metal plate of a lower support structure, the metal plate being received by a clamp of the mounting bracket. Each of the plurality of base members can adjoin one another to form a horizontal platform for traffic. 1. A modular assembly , comprising:a plurality of base members made of a plastic composite material, each base member including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite of the top surface, the bottom surface defining channels;a plurality of support members, each of the plurality of support members extending across the plurality of base members and disposed within the channels of the plurality of base members; anda mounting bracket configured to mount each of the plurality of support members to a metal plate of a lower support structure, the metal plate being received by a clamp of the mounting bracket;wherein each of the plurality of base members adjoin one another to form a horizontal platform for traffic.2. The modular assembly of claim 1 , wherein the metal plate is an upper flange of an I-beam.3. The modular assembly of claim 1 , wherein the support members are one or more of the following: a steel beam and a steel tube.4. The modular assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mounting bracket includes a jaw and a fastener claim 1 , the jaw including a fulcrum and a bracket.5. The modular assembly of claim 1 , wherein the base member includes a deck module and a surface panel ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING COST EFFECTIVE CORE STRUCTURES

An inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions that are not visible because of the inclusion of side, end, upper and lower components which hide the core or internal construction from view, wherein each mat has an electronic device that indicates what is present in the hidden core or internal construction of the mat, with the electronic device including a processor, storage, and wireless communications circuitry that is configured to transmit identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats over a wireless telecommunications network. Also, a method for providing an identification of mat properties or usage for an inventory of mats by viewing the information stored on the electronic device or by retrieving over a wireless telecommunications network identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats from the storage of the electronic device. 1. An inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions of wood , engineered wood , thermoplastics , elastomers , thermosetting plastics , metal , or of coated or encapsulated components , with each mat comprising side and end components protecting the sides and ends of the core or internal construction , and upper and lower components that provide upper and lower surfaces of the mats protecting upper and lower surfaces of the core or internal construction so that the core or internal construction of the mat is not visible because the side , end , upper and lower components hide the core or internal construction from view , wherein each mat includes identification means that indicates what is present in the hidden core or internal construction of the mat.2. The inventory of industrial mats of claim 1 , wherein the identification means comprises an external color code claim 1 , a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or other electronic device that includes a processor claim 1 , storage claim 1 , and wireless ...

APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICALLY GROUNDING AT LEAST ONE MAT

An electrically-conductive cover for electrically grounding a mat includes a frame constructed at least partially of electrically-conductive material and configured to sit at the perimeter of the top surface of the mat. An electrically-conductive inner panel fits within the frame. The inner panel is coupled to the frame so they can be attached to or removed from the mat as a single unit. At least one fastener releasably couples the frame and/or inner panel to the mat. At least one electrically-conductive interface is configured to facilitate electrical connection of the cover to another electrically-conductive component. 1. An electrically-conductive cover for electrically grounding a planar mat having top and bottom surfaces , the electrically-conductive cover comprising:a frame constructed at least partially of electrically-conductive material and configured to sit at the perimeter of the top surface of the mat;an electrically-conductive inner panel configured to fit within said frame, wherein said inner panel is coupled to said frame so that said frame and said inner panel can be attached to or removed from the mat as a single unit;at least one fastener for releasably coupling one or both of said frame and said inner panel to the mat; andat least one electrically-conductive interface configured to facilitate electrical connection of the electrically-conductive cover to another electrically-conductive component.2. The electrically-conductive cover of wherein said frame includes a top claim 1 , bottom and multiple sides claim 1 , further including a plurality of electrically-conductive interfaces claim 1 , at least one said electrically-conductive interface being disposed proximate to each respective side of said frame.3. The electrically-conductive cover of wherein said at least one electrically-conductive interface is provided on said frame.4. The electrically-conductive cover of further including multiple said electrically-conductive interfaces at different ...

Industrial mats having side protection

An industrial mat that has a support core configured and arranged to support other components of the mat; and upper and lower layers that provide upper and lower surfaces of the mat and that protect the support core. The support core includes a frame of longitudinal side members, end members and cross members each of which is made of steel or a thermosetting plastic material. The frame can include wood, plastic or elastomeric internal members or materials to fill internal open areas of the frame, with the upper and lower layers and the sides and ends of the frame retaining the internal members or materials therein. The mat preferably includes lifting elements of D-shaped rings, O-shaped rings, chains, or cables attached to the upper or lower layer or the support core to provide certified overhead lifting of the mat for installation and reclamation thereof.

INDUSTRIAL MATS WITH LIFTING ELEMENTS

An industrial mat having a supporting structure; an upper layer provided above the supporting structure for forming an upper surface of the mat, a lower layer provided below the supporting structure for providing a lower surface of the mat; and lifting elements attached to the upper layer, the lower layer or the supporting structure. The lifting elements include D-shaped members, O-shaped members, U-shaped members, eyelets, hooks, circular or polygonal rings, chains, or cables that are configured and dimensioned for attachment to attached to the supporting structure or the upper or lower layer with sufficient strength to provide certified overhead lifting of the mat for installation and reclamation thereof. 1. A crane mat comprising a plurality of a plurality of longitudinal beams that are positioned in a side by side arrangement; each of the beams having a plurality of spaced lateral apertures passing therethrough , with the lateral apertures being in alignment to form bores through the mat; a plurality of lateral rods with each rod passing through each beam through the aligned lateral apertures to hold the beams together in the side by side arrangement; and at least two lifting elements each located in an opening in one of the beams , each lifting element having a body with a first end thereof connected to a lateral rod and a second end having grasping means for allowing a hook or connecting element of equipment to engage the grasping means for lifting and manipulation of the mat , with the opening configured and dimensioned to hold and maintain the lifting element therein in a first retracted position when not in use and to allow retrieval and removal of the second end of the lifting element from the opening to a second position that exposes the grasping means when the mat is to be lifted or manipulated.2. The crane mat of claim 1 , wherein the first end of the lifting element includes a first aperture in the body which is configured and dimensioned to receive ...

UNDERLAYMENT PANEL HAVING DRAINAGE CHANNELS

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage. 1. An impact absorption panel having a top surface , a bottom surface , and a core , the panel having a plurality of adjacent bottom projections disposed across the bottom surface , each bottom projection having a first stage and a second stage , the first stage defining a support surface for contact with the ground and further defining a first spring rate characteristic and the second stage defining a second spring rate characteristic wherein the first spring rate characteristic provides for more deflection under load than the second spring rate characteristic , the panels being made from a plurality of polyolefin beads , the plurality of polyolefin beads bonded together by at least one of pressure and heat to produce a substantially water-impervious surface.2. The panel of in which the bottom projections have a resilient characteristic that provides for deflection under load sufficient to impart impact absorption to the panel and a substantial rebound of the first and second stages to an unloaded projection length.3. The impact absorption panel of wherein ...

HARD PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION METHOD FOR NATURAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

The disclosure discloses a hard pavement construction method for natural groundwater recharge, comprising the following steps: drilling to an underground shallow sand zone water storage layer on a flattened earth floor, filling holes with sand, inserting rod-shaped tools into the holes filled with the sand, pouring concrete to form a concrete foundation layer with a flat surface, removing the rod-shaped tools, filling the holes with the sand to be flush with a plane of the concrete foundation layer, sanding and compacting on the concrete foundation layer, directly arranging pavement bricks on a sand surface in an unbonded manner to form a hard pavement, and enabling rain and snow water on the hard pavement to pass through cracks of the pavement bricks, rapidly and naturally recharge to the underground shallow sand zone water storage layer via the holes and slowly permeate to an underground deep sand zone water storage layer. 1. A hard pavement construction method for natural groundwater recharge , comprising the following steps: drilling to an underground shallow sand zone water storage layer on a flattened earth floor , filling holes with sand to the earth floor , inserting rod-shaped tools into the holes filled with the sand , pouring concrete to form a concrete foundation layer with a flat surface , removing the rod-shaped tools , continuously filling the holes with the sand to be flush with a plane of the concrete foundation layer , sanding and compacting on the concrete foundation layer , then directly arranging pavement bricks on a sand surface in an unbonded manner to form a hard pavement , and enabling rain and snow water on the hard pavement to pass through cracks of the pavement bricks , rapidly and naturally recharge to the underground shallow sand zone water storage layer via the holes and slowly permeate to an underground deep sand zone water storage layer.2. The construction method according to claim 1 , wherein holes are drilled orderly or disorderly ...

PERMEABLE SURFACE COVERING UNITS AND PERMEABLE SURFACE COVERING

A permeable surface covering unit comprises a top surface and at least two pairs of irregularly shaped mating sides, one or more passageways extending downwardly from the top surface, and at least one under channel connected to the passageways for retaining liquid, such as storm water. The sides of the unit preferably define an irregular rotational tessellation element. The passageways may comprise gaps or side cavities between units and/or core cavities or other passageways within the unit. Optional undercuts may be provided in the core cavities. Pervious material plugs are cast into the cavities extending into the channel or undercut. Thereby the plug is locked into the cavity like a rivet and resists being dislodged by mechanical or hydraulic forces. A permeable surface embodiment comprises a combination of pervious and impervious units, wherein the ratio of permeable to impermeable units and resulting surface absorption rate may be adjusted. 1. A permeable surface covering system comprising:a plurality of permeable surface covering units, each of the permeable surface units having a top surface, a bottom surface and at least two pairs of side surfaces; anda pervious material,wherein at least one of the permeable surface covering units is secured to at least one of the other permeable surface covering units and wherein when a permeable surface covering is constructed, each permeable surface covering unit is positioned adjacent to at least one of the other permeable surface covering units and the pervious material at least partially fills the at least one cavity of each permeable surface covering unit and at least partially fills gaps between adjacently positioned permeable surface covering units.2. The permeable surface covering system of claim 1 , wherein each of the permeable surface covering units has at least one cavity positioned along the top surface claim 1 , and at least one channel positioned along the bottom surface.3. The permeable surface covering ...

INDUSTRIAL MATS HAVING COST EFFECTIVE CORE STRUCTURES

An inventory of industrial mats having different core or internal constructions that are not visible because of the inclusion of side, end, upper and lower components which hide the core or internal construction from view, wherein each mat has an electronic device that indicates what is present in the hidden core or internal construction of the mat, with the electronic device including a processor, storage, and wireless communications circuitry that is configured to transmit identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats over a wireless telecommunications network. Also, a method for providing an identification of mat properties or usage for an inventory of mats by viewing the information stored on the electronic device or by retrieving over a wireless telecommunications network identification, location, usage or physical property information of the mats from the storage of the electronic device. 1. An inventory of industrial mats having a core or internal construction of wood , engineered wood , thermoplastics , elastomers , thermosetting plastics , metal , or of coated or encapsulated components , with each mat comprising side and end components protecting the sides and ends of the core or internal construction , and upper and lower components that provide upper and lower surfaces of the mats protecting upper and lower surfaces of the core or internal construction so that the core or internal construction of the mat is not visible because the side , end , upper and lower components hide the core or internal construction from view , wherein each mat includes an internal electronic device that is accessible by a door on the industrial mat , wherein the internal electronic device includes a processor , storage , and wireless communications circuitry that configures the internal electronic device to transmit information from the storage of the mat over a wireless communications network to a server.2. The inventory of industrial mats of ...

MODULAR WALKWAY SYSTEM

A series of modules serve to provide a base for walkway members to be assembled into a walkway. Modules provide for support and orientation of walkway members and the ability to produce complex walkways with segments at varying orientations. In a preferred embodiment, a base mat is sized to engage walkway members. Using a combination of a number of base mats and walkway members, segments of walkway of any desired size can be readily assembled. Reflective and non-slip surfaces can be applied to increase safety when in use. 1. A base mat for use in a modular walkway , said base mat comprising a mat with an upward facing walkway surface and a downward facing ground surface and having a plurality of substantially parallel ribs extending outwards from the ground surface , each rib separated from each adjacent rib by a space sized to engage a walkway member which can extend through linear aligned spaces between ribs on adjacent base mats to align and hold in position a modular walkway , and wherein the linear orientation of the ribs will define a walkway orientation of the walkway surface.2. The base mat of wherein the number of of ribs is at least two claim 1 , defining at least one space configured to engage a walkway member.3. The base mat of claim 1 , further comprising a reflective material affixed to the base mat.4. A modular system for assembling a walkway claim 1 , the system comprising a plurality of base mats and a plurality of walkway members claim 1 , wherein:a. each base mat comprises a main body with an upward facing walkway surface and a downward facing ground surface and having a plurality of substantially parallel ribs extending outwards from the ground surface, each rib separated from each adjacent rib by a space sized to engage a walkway member which can extend through linear aligned spaces between ribs on adjacent base mats to align and hold in position a modular walkway;b. the base mats are attachable adjacent to each other via the walkway members ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC TRAFFICABLE SURFACE COMPRISING MULTILAYER LAMINATE

The invention is directed to a photovoltaic multilayer laminate, to a method for preparing a photovoltaic multilayer laminate, to a method for preparing a photovoltaic roadway, and to a photovoltaic roadway. 1. A photovoltaic traffic able surface comprising a photovoltaic multilayer laminate ,said photovoltaic multilayer laminate comprising multiple flexible photovoltaic foil elements laminated at least to a carrier layer comprising electrical interconnections for said flexible photovoltaic foil elements,wherein said multiple flexible photovoltaic foil elements are arranged in the laminate plane, transversely to the longitudinal direction of the laminate,wherein a stretchable or compressible space is provided between each pair of multiple flexible photovoltaic foil elements.2. The photovoltaic trafficable surface of claim 1 , wherein the angle between two adjacent multiple flexible photovoltaic foil elements in the laminate is adjustable by means of the stretchable or compressible space.3. The photovoltaic trafficable surface of claim 1 , wherein the angle between two adjacent multiple flexible photovoltaic foil elements in the laminate is adjustable by means of the stretchable or compressible space in the range of from 0° to 10°.4. The photovoltaic trafficable surface of claim 1 , wherein a ratio between an average width of the stretchable or compressible space and an average width of the flexible photovoltaic foil elements is in the range of 1:200-1:5.5. The photovoltaic trafficable surface of claim 1 , wherein a ratio between an average width of the stretchable or compressible space and an average width of the flexible photovoltaic foil elements is in the range of 1:100-1:10.6. The photovoltaic trafficable surface of claim 1 , wherein said space is 5-50 mm wide.7. The photovoltaic trafficable surface of claim 1 , wherein said space is 10-30 mm wide.8. The photovoltaic trafficable surface of claim 1 , wherein each flexible photovoltaic foil element in the laminate ...

TACTILE WARNING PANEL APPARATUS WITH SMART TECHNOLOGY

Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies. 1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; andone or more subsurface enclosures; andone or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith.2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal claim 2 , glass claim 2 , ceramic material claim 2 , thermoset plastic claim 2 , thermoplastic claim 2 , polymeric material claim 2 , plastic composite claim 2 , polyurethane with glass fiber claim 2 , fiber reinforced plastic claim 2 , concrete claim 2 , polymer concrete claim 2 , fiber reinforced foam claim 2 , graphene claim 2 , sheet molding compound ...

Modular Block System for Roundabouts

A roundabout for vehicular traffic is provided from a plurality of modular blocks arranged in a generally circular roundabout pattern and affixed to a roadway or ground surface at an intersection of vehicle roadways. Roundabouts can be formed in any desired diameter. In some embodiments, the modular blocks can have a trapezoidal plan shape laid out in concentric rings. The trapezoidal shaped blocks can be cut from a length of board having a constant width and thickness. The modular blocks can be provided as a kit of parts delivered to worksite at an intersection of vehicle roadways where a roundabout is desired. Splitter islands, sidewalks, and curbing of blocks having appropriate shapes can also be provided. 1. A roundabout for vehicular traffic , comprising:a plurality of modular blocks arranged in a generally circular roundabout pattern and affixed to a roadway or ground surface at an intersection of vehicle roadways;a first perimeter portion of the plurality of the blocks arranged to form segments of a perimeter of the roundabout; anda second interior portion of the plurality of the blocks arranged inwardly from the blocks of the first perimeter portion to form an interior of the roundabout;wherein the modular blocks are fastened to the roadway or ground surface with a plurality of ground anchors, and each of the ground anchors comprises a hollow insert fixed within a hole in the roadway or ground surface, and a bolt extending through an opening in or along an edge of one of the modular blocks into the hollow insert, and wherein the opening in or along the modular block is filled with a plug, the bolt extending through the plug.2. The roundabout of claim 1 , wherein the hollow insert is fixed within the hole with a grout or an adhesive.3. The roundabout of claim 1 , wherein the plug has a truncated conical or pyramidal shape.4. The roundabout of claim 1 , wherein the plug has an arrow shape claim 1 , the arrow shape oriented in a direction to direct traffic flow ...

Interlocking floor system

Multiple polymeric panels (10) molded as a rigid integral body having a planar top surface (11) and a bottom grid structure (25) are interlocked together mechanically along side edges (20) (12). Each side edge has alternating upwardly (14) and downwardly (22) facing steps with concave dimples (18) on one and mating convex projections (24) on the other for securely interlocking adjacent panels to each other. The steps of adjacent panels interlock with each other to form a complete floor system. The multiple polymeric panels can be molded to simulate flooring materials such as brick or overlaid with sections of linoleum, carpet, synthetic grass, tile or wood flooring. Alternately, the assembled panels can be covered with a sheet of decorative material.

Half panel

The present invention provides a half panel having on its back ribs defining symmetrically complimentary closed wall open faced cells and ribs having spaces there between. The half panel may be placed in back to back relationship and rotated through a required degree of rotation so that the open faced closed wall cells and ribs having spaces there between interlock so the open faced closed wall cells have at least one diagonal cross member. This provides a rigid panel suitable for a number of applications including forms for pouring concrete.

Half panel

The present invention provides a half panel having on its back ribs defining symmetrically complimentary closed wall open faced cells and ribs having spaces there between. The half panel may be placed in back to back relationship and rotated through a required degree of rotation so that the open faced closed wall cells and ribs having spaces there between interlock so the open faced closed wall cells have at least one diagonal cross member. This provides a rigid panel suitable for a number of applications including forms for pouring concrete.

Duplication footway block

본 발명은 플라스틱 또는 폐플라스틱 PE(Polyethylene)나 PP(Polypropylene) 또는 PS(Polystyrene)의 범용플라스틱 류에 100중량부에 카본블렉 10 ∼ 200 중량부를 내부혼합기(Internal Mixer) 내에서 균일하게 혼합성형, 가공시킨 하층부와 하층부위에 에틸렌프로필렌 고무 100중량부에, 가류제 2∼7중량부, 안료 1∼3중량부, 가류촉진제 1∼5중량부, 가공조제 및 오일 5∼50중량부, 충진제 20∼200중량부를 균일하게 혼합한 혼합물을 성형, 가공시킨 상층부로 구성되어 있으며, 상층부와 하층부와 두께의 비는 1:2∼7의 비율로 이루어진 고무 플라스틱 이중 고무보도블럭에 관한 것이다. The present invention is a homogeneous mixing molding of 10 to 200 parts by weight of carbon blocks in an internal mixer in 100 parts by weight of general purpose plastics of plastic or waste plastics PE (Polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene) or PS (Polystyrene). 100 parts by weight of ethylene propylene rubber, 2 to 7 parts by weight of vulcanizing agent, 1 to 3 parts by weight of pigment, 1 to 5 parts by weight of vulcanization accelerator, 5 to 50 parts by weight of processing aid and oil, and 20 to about 5 parts by weight of processed lower layer and lower layer. It consists of an upper layer portion formed by molding and processing a mixture of 200 parts by weight uniformly, and the ratio of the upper layer portion and the lower layer portion and the thickness relates to a rubber plastic double rubber foot block made of a ratio of 1: 2-7.

A display block

도로에 표시되는 정지선, 횡단보도 등 도로용 표시 또는 터널내벽의 광고용 판석의 페인트칠이 벗겨지는 것을 방지하고, 보다 다양한 정보를 정확하게 전달할 수 있으며, 행인이나 차량의 미끄럼을 방지할 수 있도록 하며, 보수가 간편하도록 한 표시블럭에 관한 것이다. 표시블럭(10)은 판석을 일정한 두께로 형성하고, 상면에 볼록한 볼록부(11)와 오목한 오목부(12)가 교대로 형성되고, 볼록부(11)의 상면부 및 측면부에 노면표시를 위한 칼라의 제1색상층(21)(이미지층)이 형성된다. 본 발명 표시블럭은 볼록부와 오목부를 연속하여 형성시킴으로써, 보행자나 차량의 미끄럼을 방지하여 사고를 줄일 수 있다. Prevents peeling of road markings such as stop lines and pedestrian crossings displayed on roads or flagstones for advertising on tunnel inner walls, and delivers more accurate information, and prevents pedestrians and vehicles from slipping. It relates to a display block to simplify the. The display block 10 is formed to have a predetermined thickness, and the convex convex portion 11 and the concave concave portion 12 are alternately formed on the upper surface, and the top and side portions of the convex portion 11 are used for road marking. The first color layer 21 (image layer) of the color is formed. In the display block of the present invention, the convex portion and the concave portion are formed in succession, thereby preventing slipping of pedestrians or vehicles and reducing accidents.

Apparatus for manufacturing composition of sidewalk soil block

블록용 조성물 제조 장치가 제공된다. 흙을 운반하는 제1컨베이어; 상기 제1컨베이어와 마주 보도록 이격 설치되어, 모래를 운반하는 제2컨베이어; 상기 제2컨베이어와 나란히 이격 설치되어, 고화재를 운반하는 제 3 컨베이어; 상기 제1컨베이어의 일단 하부에 일측이 위치하고 상기 제2컨베이어 및 상기 제3컨베이어의 일단 하부에 타측이 위치하여, 상기 흙, 모래 및 고화재가 혼합되는 컨테이너; 상기 컨테이너 내부의 상기 흙, 모래 및 고화재를 혼합하는 믹서; 및 상기 컨테이너의 외부를 향하여 하향 경사지도록 상기 제1컨베이어와 상기 컨테이너 사이에 구비되어 상기 흙에 포함된 일정 크기 이상의 불순물을 제거하는 체;를 포함하고, 상기 체의 상단은 상기 컨테이너의 내부에 위치하도록 상기 제1컨베이어의 일단 하부에 위치하고 상기 체의 하단은 상기 컨테이너의 외부에 위치하도록 상기 체를 하향 경사지도록 형성하여, 상기 제1컨베이어에 의해 운반된 흙에 포함된 불순물 중 상기 체의 눈을 통과하지 못하는 불순물은 상기 체의 하향 경사에 의해 아래쪽으로 흘러 내려서 상기 컨테이너의 외부로 운반될 수 있다. An apparatus for producing a composition for blocks is provided. A first conveyor for carrying soil; A second conveyor disposed to face the first conveyor and transporting sand; A third conveyor disposed side by side with the second conveyor and configured to transport the fire; A container in which one side is disposed at the lower end of the first conveyor and the other side is disposed at the lower end of the one end of the second conveyor and the third conveyor, and the soil, sand, and solid material are mixed; A mixer for mixing the soil, sand, and solid material in the container; And a sieve provided between the first conveyor and the container to be inclined downward toward the outside of the container to remove impurities of a predetermined size or more contained in the soil, wherein an upper end of the sieve is positioned inside the container. The lower part of the sieve is positioned below the first conveyor so as to be inclined downward so that the lower end of the sieve is located outside of the container, and the eye of the sieve among the impurities contained in the soil conveyed by the first conveyor is formed. Impurities that do not pass may flow down by the downward inclination of the sieve and may be transported out of the container. 블록, 습식, 믹서 Block, wet, mixer

Protection block manufacturing method and the products

PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of a block for protecting grass and a block thereby are provided to supply nutrients to planted grass and to protect the planted grass from vehicles. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a block for protecting grass is as follows. Pulverized rubble passes through a filter screen and is sorted(S1). The sorted rubble is mixed with water, cement, a mixture, sand, activated charcoal, and zeolite(S2). The mixed base compound is mixed with nutrients(S3). A surface layer compound is prepared by mixing the sorted rubble with water, cement, a mixture, sand, jade rubble, and glass beads(S4). A bottom portion of a mold is filled with the base compound, and the residual portion of the mold is filled with the surface layer compound. The base compound and the surface layer compound are pressed and integrated(S5). The mold is separated from the molded article(S6). The molded article is cured using steam heat(S7). [Reference numerals] (S1) Pulverized rubble sorting step; (S2) Base compound mixing step; (S3) Nutrient mixing step; (S4) Surface layer mixing step; (S5) Forming step; (S6) Separating step; (S7) Curing step

Permeable and elastic pavement blocks

본 발명은 폐폴리우레탄칩을 이용한 포장용 투수탄성블럭에 관한 것으로, 폐폴리우레탄칩들간의 결합은 물론 하부의 투수콘크리트층과 상부의 폐폴리우레탄칩층의 결합을 견고히 하는 바인더를 사용하여 강도 및 내구성이 우수할 뿐만 아니라, 산업폐기물인 폐폴리우레탄을 재활용하여 운동이나 산책 등 야외활동에 적절한 탄성과 투수성을 제공할 수 있도록 하는, 포장용 투수탄성블럭에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a permeable elastic block for packaging using waste polyurethane chips, the strength and durability using a binder that solidifies the bond between the waste permeable concrete layer and the waste polyurethane chip layer of the upper portion as well as bonding between the waste polyurethane chips. Not only this is excellent, but also relates to a permeable elastic block for packaging to recycle waste polyurethane, which is industrial waste, to provide elasticity and permeability suitable for outdoor activities such as sports or walking. 폐폴리우레탄, 투수탄성블럭, 바인더 Waste Polyurethane, Permeable Elastic Block, Binder

Joined system of floor cover

FIELD: construction. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of construction, in particular, to joined systems of floor from polymer panels. Multiple polymer panels cast in the form of rigid solid, having flat upper surface and lower grating structure, joined mechanically together along side edges. Each side edge has steps that alternate, facing up and down, with concave slots on one surface and joined convex ledges on the other surface for reliable joining of adjacent panels to each other. Steps of adjacent panels are joined to each other to form full floor system. Multiple polymer panels may be cast to imitate materials of floor coating, such as brick, or coated with pieces of linoleum, carpet, synthetic grass, tile or wooden coating of floor. As an alternative solution, assembled panels may be coated with sheet of decorative material. ^ EFFECT: simplified assembly of floor. ^ 20 cl, 21 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 410 508 (13) C2 (51) МПК E04F 15/022 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2009115660/03, 25.09.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 25.09.2007 (73) Патентообладатель(и): БАРЛОУ Дэвид Р. (US) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 27.09.2006 US 11/535,805 (72) Автор(ы): БАРЛОУ Дэвид Р. (US) (45) Опубликовано: 27.01.2011 Бюл. № 3 2 4 1 0 5 0 8 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2005/0028475 A1, 10.02.2005. US 6769219 B2, 03.08.2004. US 5930964 A, 03.08.1999. US 6505452 B1, 14.01.2003. SU 55882 A, 31.10.1939. (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 27.04.2009 2 4 1 0 5 0 8 R U (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2008/039782 (03.04.2008) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT: US 2007/079431 (25.09.2007) Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул.Б.Спасская, 25, стр.3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры", пат.пов. А.В.Мицу, рег.№ 364 (54) СТЫКУЕМАЯ СИСТЕМА ПОКРЫТИЯ ПОЛА (57) ...

Tile to guide direction and position in walking of visually disabled person

본 고안은 천연 또는 합성고무재의 상부층과 세라믹 등 무기물질로 이루어지는 하부층으로 주로 형성되는 보행자의 위치 및 방향을 정확하게 안내하기 위한 시각장애인용 유도타일에 관한 것으로, 상기 상부층과 접합되는 상기 하부층이 폐타이어 또는 폐타이어 및 폐고무의 칩과 바인더의 혼합물로 이루어지며 상기 하부층의 이면에 요철부를 일체적으로 형성하고 있음으로써, 가볍고 깨질 염려가 없어 운반 및 시공이 용이하며 내구성이 우수하여 기존의 유도타일의 경우보다 수명이 상당히 길어서 설치 및 보수비용이 상당히 저렴하며, 무엇보다도 폐타이어 및 폐고무를 재활용함으로써 자원절약은 물론 환경오염을 방지할 수 있는 각별한 효과를 거둘 수 있다. The present invention relates to an induction tile for the visually impaired for accurately guiding the position and direction of a pedestrian mainly formed of an upper layer of a natural or synthetic rubber material and a lower layer made of an inorganic material such as ceramic, and the lower layer bonded to the upper layer is a waste tire. Or it consists of a mixture of waste tires and chips of rubber and binder and integrally formed on the bottom of the lower layer, there is no fear of light and fragile, easy transport and construction and excellent durability of the conventional induction tile The service life is considerably longer than that, so the installation and maintenance costs are significantly cheaper. Above all, the recycling of waste tires and used rubbers can save resources and prevent environmental pollution.

Eco-friendly mat using cork ball chip

The present invention relates to an eco-friendly mat using cork ball chips. To achieve the purpose, the eco-friendly mat includes: a cork mat in which 5-12 parts by weight of cork chips having a grain size range of 1 to 4 mm and 20-25 parts by weight of binders are mixed with 100 parts by weight of cork ball chips having a grain size range of 2 to 10 mm, or 5-12 parts by weight of cork ball chips having a grain size range of 2 to 10 mm and 100-120 parts by weight of binders are mixed with 100 parts by weight of cork chips having a grain size range of 1 to 4 mm; and an elastic mat in which 6-10 parts by weight of binders are mixed with 100 parts by weight of tire chips having a grain size range of 5 to 7 mm, and which is placed in a lower part of the cork mat. The cork mat (10) and the elastic mat (20) are pressed to each other for 15-25 minutes through an upper press having a temperature range of 210°C±10°C and a lower press having a temperature range of 140°C±10°C in order to form an integrated eco-friendly mat.

Composite tack film for asphaltic paving, method of paving, and process for making a composite tack film for asphaltic paving

A tack film material comprises a carrier substrate comprising a polymer film having first and second major surfaces. A surface layer on the first and second major surfaces comprises a resinous non-asphaltic material or a material including about 50% or more resinous non-asphaltic component and about 50% or less of asphaltic component. The surface layer is capable of forming a bond with an adjacent layer of asphaltic paving material, when the surface layer is heated to a temperature of about 120° C. or more under a pressure that is applied to the tack film material by an overlying layer of the asphaltic paving material having a thickness of about 3.8 cm (1.5 inch) or more laid. The surface layer is not tacky at a temperature of about 20° C. and a pressure of about one atmosphere.

Клейкая пленка для дорожного покрытия, способ дорожного покрытия с ее использованием и способ получения клейкой пленки

Изобретение относится к клейкой пленке для дорожного покрытия. Клейкая пленка содержит подложку носителя, представляющую собой полимерную пленку, поверхностный слой на поверхностях подложки из полимерной пленки и слой чувствительного к давлению термоклея. Полимерная пленка представляет собой пленку на основе поливинилхлорида, полиамида, акриловых смол, полиэтилена высокой плотности, полипропилена, полиэтиленвинилацетата. Поверхностный слой содержит смолистый неасфальтовый материал, или материал, содержащий примерно 50% или более смолистого неасфальтового компонента и приблизительно 50% или менее асфальтового компонента. Поверхностный слой способен формировать связь с прилегающим слоем асфальтового дорожного материала, когда поверхностный слой нагревают до температуры примерно 120°C или выше под давлением, которое прилагается к материалу клейкой пленки со стороны наложенного слоя асфальтового дорожного материала. При этом слой асфальтового дорожного материала имеет толщину примерно 3,8 см или более. Поверхностный слой не проявляет клейкости при температуре приблизительно 20°C и давлении приблизительно в одну атмосферу. Клейкую пленку для дорожного покрытия можно использовать, в частности для ремонта старого дорожного покрытия без подгрунтовки. 3 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 3 пр., 15 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 446 053 (13) C2 (51) МПК ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ B32B B32B B32B B32B B32B E01C C09J 27/00 (2006.01) 27/30 (2006.01) 27/32 (2006.01) 27/34 (2006.01) 27/36 (2006.01) 21/00 (2006.01) 7/02 (2006.01) ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010106435/05, 06.08.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 06.08.2008 (73) Патентообладатель(и): СЭНТ-ГОБЭН ТЕКНИКАЛ ФАБРИКС АМЕРИКА, ИНК. (US) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 07.08.2007 US 60/954,415 05.08.2008 US 12/186,263 (72) Автор(ы): ЛИ Сагджун (US) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.09.2011 Бюл. № 26 2 4 4 6 0 5 3 (45) Опубликовано: 27.03. ...

Permeable block having micro-permeable tube and method for manufacturing the same

The present invention relates to a permeable block having a micro-permeable tube and a method for producing the same, and is composed of two layers having different porosities, and by providing a plastic pipe type micro-permeable tube in a lower pervious block portion to maintain continuous porosity, the present invention improves and maintains water permeability and increases bending strength of a water permeable product.

A floor tile comprising rubber crumb and polyolefin

A floor tile comprises a polyolefin (30-90% by weight) and rubber crumb (10-70% by weight) wherein the particle size of the rubber crumb is less than 0.85mm. The polyolefin may be polypropylene or polyethylene. The floor tile may comprise polypropylene homopolymer (41%), rubber crumb (41%; particle size up to 0.24mm), flame retarder (15%), white pigment (titanium dioxide) and black pigment (carbon black). The floor tile composition may be free from fibres and metals. Alternatively, a floor the consists essentially of polyolefin, crumb rubber (having a particle size 0-0.85mm), flame retardant and pigment. Alternatively, compositions are defined wherein the particle diameter of the rubber crumb is less than about 7.0mm. The floor tiles may be produced via injection moulding, compression moulding, extrusion or stamping.

식재 블록 및 그 제조방법

본 발명은 다공성 식재 블록 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 다공성의 기반층과, 기반층의 상면에 형성되는 표면층을 포함하되, 기반층에는 식재공간홈이 형성되고 표면층에는 식재공간홈과 서로 통하는 관통부가 형성된다. 이때, 기반층은 무기계 바인더(CSA) 12-15 중량%, 고로슬래그 미분말 9-12 중량%, 폐콘크리트 재생골재 8-12 중량%, 쇄석골재(5-10 mm) 57-60 중량%, 석영 4-6 중량%, 혼화제 0.1-1 중량%로 이루어지며, 상기 표면층은 무기계 바인더(CSA) 10-13 중량%, 고로슬래그 미분말 6-9 중량%, 음이온석 12-15 중량%, 석영 3-5 중량%, 쇄석골재(1-2.5 mm) 58-61 중량%, 혼화제 0.1-1 중량%로 이루어진다. 식재 블록, 통기성, 보습성, 다공성