СПОСОБ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ НА ОСНОВЕ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГИИ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИЙ ПРИРОДНУЮ ЭНЕРГИЮ, И СИСТЕМА ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ

Изобретение относится к способу генерации электроэнергии, использующему природную энергию, на основе накопления и хранения энергии и соответствующей системе генерации электроэнергии. Система сначала генерирует электроэнергию, используя природную энергию, такую как энергия ветра или солнечная энергия, и затем сжимает воздух или непосредственно сжимает воздух, а затем генерирует электроэнергию в электрическую энергосистему, используя сжатый воздух в качестве энергетического ресурса. Использующая объединенную энергию электростанция генерирует электроэнергию для приведения в действие устройства сжатия воздуха, а сжатый воздух затем используют в качестве аккумулирующей энергию среды и хранят сжатый воздух в устройстве для хранения воздуха. Затем сжатый воздух рассматривают как основной или вспомогательный источник энергии для другой электростанции, так что может быть реализована функция стабилизации регулирования пиковой нагрузки. Изобретение направлено на повышение производительности электростанции ...

Солнечная электростанция

Изобретение относится к гелиосистемам генерации электроэнергии, предназначено для преобразования солнечной энергии в электроэнергию и может быть использовано в системах электроснабжения. Солнечная электростанция включает солнечные концентраторы, соединенные через масляный насос с теплообменником, к теплообменнику через трубопровод подключена паровая турбина, соединенная с конденсатором, конденсатор соединен с теплообменником через водяной насос, паровая турбина соединена с электрогенератором, подключенным к электролизеру, который последовательно соединен с баком-накопителем водорода, водородным насосом и камерой сгорания, камера сгорания соединена через трехходовой клапан с паровой турбиной и теплообменником, причем солнечные концентраторы выполнены параболоцилиндрической формы. Технический результат заключается в максимальном использовании суточной солнечной инсоляции. 1 ил.

Formgedächtnislegierungsfeder-Motor

Formgedächtnislegierungsfeder-Motor, umfassend eine aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung hergestellte Feder, einen Antriebsschaft und eine Wärmequelle, wobei die Formgedächtnisfeder mit dem Antriebsschaft verbunden und eingerichtet ist, den Antriebsschaft zu bewegen, wenn sie durch eine externe Kraft zusammengedrückt und verformt wird, eine ursprüngliche Form wiederherzustellen, nachdem sie zusammengedrückt und dann erwärmt wurde, und den Antriebsschaft wieder zu bewegen, nachdem sie gekühlt wurde, und dann wieder zusammengedrückt und verformt zu werden, um den Antriebsschaft in kontinuierlich wiederholenden Abläufen zusammen damit auf und ab zu bewegen.

SYSTEM FUER DAS AUFFANGEN, KONZENTRIEREN, SPEICHERN UND AUSNUETZEN DER SONNENENERGIE

DACHSONNENKOLLEKTOR.

Solar thermal system for converting solar energy into mechanical energy, has piston compressor pressing air that is compressed in absorber pipe of parabolic channel, where air is heated and expanded by solar radiation in piston engine

The system has a piston compressor (1) that presses air that is compressed in an absorber pipe (2) of a parabolic channel (3) with high pressure. The air is heated and expanded by solar radiation in a valve-controlled piston engine (4). The engine is connected with the compressor by a form-fitting connection (6) to drive the compressor. The piston engine is provided in a lower dead center after the expansion of the air, where a part of the mechanical energy of the engine is utilized by the form-fitting connection for driving the compressor.

Water pump operated by solar energy - having boiler operated by solar panel driving pump submerged in ground water source to pump water to storage tank

Solar energy is collected in collector (1) in which the sun's rays are focussed onto the collector pipe. This heats oil which circulates through a coil in boiler (2). Steam is generated and this flows down line (4) via valves (41) and (42). The steam pressure pulses down piston (31), displacing water past non-return valve (51). The water flows up line (5) to tank (7). When the piston has completed its stroke, valve (42) closes and valve (61) opens. This vents the steam to tank (7) where it condenses on plates (72) cooled by the water. When the pressure in (2) is sufficient, steam again flows when valve (42) is reopened. The pump unit (3) is submerged in a ground water source.

Solar ray concentration system for a power generation system

Solar steam production system

Solar concentrator, solar receiver and thermal storage

A solar assisted microturbine utilizing a photothermal mechanism for reducing clean energy generation costs and impacting climate change

A solar energy concentrator uses microwaves to heat concentric cones of air within the atmosphere. The cones are directed to the sun and internally receive the incoming solar radiation 21. This causes the incoming solar rays 21 to undergo total internal reflection within the cones which act as waveguides, and focus the radiation at receiver 1 which is located at the apex of the cones. The conical shape is achieved by directing a microwave beam through an axicon 17, to produce a non- diffracting Bessel beam to heat up the air layers in the atmosphere to generate a temperature and hence a refractive index gradient therein. The energy from the receiver is utilized to heat air in a microturbine 3, 5. As the concentric cones are nonsolid, equipment costs and total generation costs are reduced. The system may also be used to capture infrared radiation from the earth surface at night.

OPTIMIZED INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR SOLAR-BIOMASS HYBRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Solar energy and external source steam complementary power generation apparatus

SOLAR ENERGY AND EXTERNAL SOURCE STEAM COMPLEMENTARY POWER GENERATION APPARATUS

Rotary heat engine

The engine consists of an annular array of chambers (hot leg), individually 5 connected to an adjacent continuous condenser (cold leg), and containing a quantity of working fluid and gas - the gas usually being the fluid's own saturated vapor. When a temperature differential exists between the chambers and condenser - either by means of heat being applied to the chambers or cooling being applied to the condenser, or both - a resultant difference in vapor pressure 10 is created; and while fluid within chambers on one lateral side is forced into the condenser, the positioning of the interconnecting ducts allows fluid to run freely from the condenser into chambers on the opposite upper lateral side. The weight imbalance and resultant torque created by such displacement of fluid causes the whole device to rotate, together with the axle to which it is secured.

SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION METHOD AND SYSTEM USING BIOMASS BOILER AS AUXILIARY HEAT SOURCE

Solar energy and external source steam complementary power generation apparatus

OPTIMIZED INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR SOLAR-BIOMASS HYBRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Solar energy generation method and system using biomass boiler as auxiliary heat source

Solar power equipment for the industrial processing of various materials through the utilization of solar energy

Thermodynamic process with solar energy for desalinisation of sea water

Sensor of solar energy comprising a spherical mirror and a mobile boiler.

Sensor assembly consisting of three stages of collectors fixed planes and a parabolic trough solar collector rotating, performing a solar boiler that produces steam at temperatures between 180 °c and 230 °c.

OPTIMIZED INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR SOLAR-BIOMASS HYBRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Solar power equipment for the industrial processing of various materials through the utilization of solar energy

Solar power equipment for the industrial processing of various materials through the utilization of solar energy

Solar energy and external source steam complementary power generation apparatus

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

ROOF SOLAR COLLECTOR.

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

MULTI-THERMAL STORAGE UNIT SYSTEMS, FLUID FLOW CONTROL DEVICES, AND LOW PRESSURE SOLAR RECEIVERS FOR SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS, AND RELATED COMPONENTS AND USES THEREOF

Inventive concentrated solar power systems using solar receivers, and related devices and methods, are generally described. See Fig. 7A. WO 2013/142275 PCT/US2013/031627 too ...

Thermal energy storage apparatus

A thermal energy storage apparatus, including: a block of a heat-absorbing material, the block defining at least one receptacle and being a contiguous block of compressed sintered graphite; and a phase change material stored in the or each receptacle, the phase change material being one that expands as it cools, wherein separation of side walls of the or each receptacle progressively increases as they extend upwardly from the base, whereby as the phase change material solidifies and expands it is urged upwardly to reduce pressure applied to the heat- absorbing material.

Pipeline system and method for emptying a pipeline system

The invention relates to a pipeline system for transporting a molten salt, comprising at least one pipeline (5) through which the molten salt flows, at least one inflow and at least one outflow, wherein the pipeline (5) through which the molten salt flows has at least one gradient that is inclined with respect to the horizontal and is respectively connected at the lowest positions by way of a drainage valve (25) to a drainage line (27) and at the highest positions to an aeration valve (23). The invention also relates to a method for emptying the pipeline system.

A hybrid receiver-combustor

A hybrid receiver-combustor (100) for capturing heat energy from a solar source and a fuel source. The hybrid receiver-combustor (100) includes a vessel (110) for acting both as a combustion furnace and as a solar receiver, and a plurality of burners (180) for combusting an oxidant stream, such as an air stream, and a fuel stream. The vessel (110) includes a casing (120) defining a cavity (125) having an aperture (130) for receiving the concentrated solar radiation from the solar source. The cavity (125) provides a chamber defining a zone (126) which can function as a combustion zone for production of heat energy through a combustion process using the fuel and into which concentrated solar radiation can be received from the solar source through the aperture (130). A heat energy absorber (190) configured as a heat exchanger is provided to receive heat energy from concentrated solar radiation entering the cavity (125) through the aperture (130) and from combustion within the cavity. A fluidic ...

Solar energy and external source steam complementary power generation apparatus

A solar energy and external source steam complementary power generation apparatus comprising a solar steam generation device, an external source steam regulator (15), a turboset (2) and a generator (1). A steam output end of the solar steam generation device is connected to a high-pressure steam inlet (3) of the turboset (2) through a first regulating valve (15); a steam output end of the external source steam regulator (15) is connected to the high-pressure steam inlet (3) of the turboset (2) through a second regulating valve (20) and a second switching valve (19). A low-pressure steam outlet (4) of the turboset (2) is connected to a circulating water input end of the solar steam generation device through a condenser (5), a deaerator (6), a water feed pump (7) and a first switching valve (16) in turn. An output end of the water feed pump (7) is connected to an external source steam water return bypass (11) through a fourth switching valve (23).

POWER PLANT AND PROCESS UTILIZING GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

APPARATUS FOR DEVELOPING ELECTRICAL ENERGY

An apparatus for developing electrical energy. The apparatus has a movable platform. There is a mount at the centre of gravity of the platform about which the platform can move. Liquid can be supplied to the top of the platform, to a side of the pivotable mount. The supply of liquid is controllable. The sun's rays are concentrated on the platform to heat the platform and an electrical generator is associated with the platform and is operable to generate electricity by movement of the platform.

APPARATUS FOR THE STORAGE OF THERMAL ENERGY FOR SUBSEQUENT CONVERSION TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

The invention relates to a device for the conversion of heat energy into another energy form (14, 6) provided with at least one heat input and pressure reservoir module, each comprising a heat input transmitting device (1) and a pressure reservoir (2), whereby said device (1) and pressure reservoir (2) are connected to each other for the exchange of fluid (30) and an energy conversion device (5, 6; 14, 17), connected to the pressure reservoir (2) of the heat input and pressure reservoir module (100) for the exchange of fluid, by means of which the energy built up in the form of fluid pressure in the heat input and pressure reservoir module (100) may be converted into said other energy form (14, 6).

ENERGY-EFFICIENT HIGH LEVEL DEVICE, PLANT AND METHOD FOR THE USE OF THERMAL ENERGY OF SOLAR ORIGIN

A device (1) for storage and exchange of thermal energy of solar origin, which device (1) is configured to receive a concentrated solar radiation using an optical system of "beam down" type, which device (1) comprises: - a containment casing (2) which defines an internal compartment (20) and has an upper opening (10) configured to allow entry of the concentrated solar radiation, which opening (10) puts in direct communication the internal compartment (20) with the external environment having no closure or screen means; - a bed (3) of fluidizable solid particles, received within the internal compartment (20), which bed (3) has an irradiated operative region (30) directly exposed, in use, to the concentrated solar radiation that enters through said opening (20) and a heat accumulation region (31) adjacent to said operative region (30); - fluidization elements (4) of the bed of particles (3), configured to feed fluidization air within the compartment (20), which fluidization means (4) is configured ...

SOLAR REFLECTOR IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON RESIN REINFORCED WITH CUT FIBRES, AND USES IN SOLAR PLANTS

The invention relates to a solar reflector for concentrated solar power plants, comprising a substrate a) in composite material based on resin reinforced with cut fibres, said substrate having means b) for attachment without either perforation or gluing, and a metallic reflective coating layer c). The reflector of the invention is used in solar collectors and in solar plants operating on concentrated solar power, more particularly for producing electricity, steam and/or heat.

SOLAR REFLECTOR IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON RESIN REINFORCED WITH CUT FIBRES, AND USES IN SOLAR PLANTS

The invention relates to a solar reflector for concentrated solar power plants, comprising a substrate a) in composite material based on resin reinforced with cut fibres, said substrate having means b) for attachment without either perforation or gluing, and a metallic reflective coating layer c). The reflector of the invention is used in solar collectors and in solar plants operating on concentrated solar power, more particularly for producing electricity, steam and/or heat.

Energy converter

Gutter collector as well as absorber pipe for a gutter collector.

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rinnenkollektor mit einem im Brennbereich angeordneten Absorberrohr (100). Das Absorberrohr (100) gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung besitzt thermische Öffnungen (103, 103´) mit einer Engstelle mit minimaler Querschnittsfläche für hindurchtretende Strahlung zur verminderten Wärmerückstrahlung durch das Absorberrohr (100). Die Querschnittsfläche ist auf den Brennbereich des Konzentrators des Rinnenkollektors reduziert.

Dynamic solar energy converter for isothermale and other thermal engines and heatworth.

Der Dynamische Solar-Energie Konverter, bewirkt eine höchsttemperaturige Konvertierung der von einem Solar-Teller-Kollektor 4 konzentrierter Sonnenstrahlen-Energie 17 in der, von seinem Rotor 16 förderndem fluiden Wärmeträger 19 transportierter Wärme und umfasst; a) ein Gehäuse 20, b) mindestens einen Auslass 21, von welchem mit Hilfe eines Leitungssystems der im Konverter erwärmte fluide Wärmeträger 19 zu mindestens einem Wärmeverbraucher, z.B. NSC-Motor, transportiert wird, c) einen Gehäusedeckel 22 mit an ihm sich befindendem Einlass 23, durch welchen fluide Wärmeträger 18 von aussen in den Konverter einströmt und auch die vom Solar-Teller-Kollektor konzentrierten Sonnenstrahlen 17 in den Konverter hinein reflektiert werden und d) einen im Gehäuse 20 installierten Zentrifugal-Ventilator-Rotor 16, auf welchen der Spot S der konzentrierten Sonnenstrahlenenergie 17 gerichtet ist und welcher mit der Rotor-Welle 24 und Rotor-Lager 25 vom Rotor-Antrieb 15 angetrieben ist.

System of contemporary exploitation of eolica and solar energy.

Linvenzione riguarda un impianto di sfruttamento contemporaneo di energia eolica e solare adatto alla produzione a basso costo di acqua calda ad uso termo-sanitario, attraverso lutilizzo di concentratori solari (1) dotati di mezzi di captazione (3), quali lenti Fresnel, in grado di determinare il riscaldamento di un fascio tubiero passante allinterno delle camere di focalizzazione degli stessi, ed alla produzione di energia elettrica ad uso domestico tramite lazionamento, per mezzo di flussi daria mossi forzatamente da un apposito compressore, di particolari turbine eoliche collegate ad un generatore elettrico.

Solar collector.

Ein Sonnenkollektor ist mit einer zweiten Konzentratoranordnung (20) versehen, die die von einer ersten Konzentratoranordnung (10) in einen Brennlinienbereich konzentrierte Strahlung in einzelne Brennpunktbereiche (21) konzentriert, was eine höhere Konzentration und damit höhere Temperaturen im Absorberrohr (22) ermöglicht.

Solar collector with a first concentrator arrangement and in relation to this tiltable second concentrator arrangement.

Durch die weiteren Konzentratroren einer zweiten Konzentratoranordnung in einem als Rinnenkonzentrator ausgebildeten Sonnenkollektor (10) mit einer ersten Konzentratoranordnung (11) wird die konzentrierte Strahlung in Brennpunktbereich (21) konzentriert, mit der Folge, dass höhere Konzentration der Strahlung und damit höhere Temperaturen im Absorberrohr (12) erreichbar sind. Um die durch die höheren Temperaturen exponentiell steigenden Wärmeverluste im Absorberrohr (12) zu senken, wird in Synergie ein Absorberrohr (12) mit einzelnen thermischen Öffnungen bereitgestellt.

Solar thermal power plant with expansive heat engine - utilises pressure increase of working fluid in thermal storage heater transmitting energy between two closed circuits

A solar collector (1) with parabolic mirrors (2) feeds the prim coil (7) of a heat sotre (6) mfd of concrete, Al or ceramic in an insulating jacket with an electric heater winding (9) or natural gas or butane burner. The sec coil (8) is coupled in another closed circuit to a heat exchanger (12) from which a working fluid is circulated through a Stirling engine (15) driving an output shaft (16) for propulsion or similar purposes. The store (6) contains eg oil with a high bpt and the working fluid may be C02, steam or a halogenated gaseous hydrocarbon. USE/ADVANTAGE - Esp for mobile (eg vehicular) or stationary electric current generators. Environment-friendly appts producing no exhaust gas uses energy store chargeable from external sources or mobile solar collectors.

Solarkraftwerk mit Feststoffwärmespeicher und Verfahren zur Beladung eines Feststoffwärmespeichers.

Verfahren zur Beladung eines Hochtemperatur-Feststoffwärmespeichers (3,13) in einem Solarkraftwerk, wobei dieser über einen verschiedene Abschnitte aufweisenden Fluidströmungsweg in einen Kreislauf von Wärme transportierendem Fluid eingebunden ist, der einen Receiver (1) und einen Verbraucher (2) für Wärme umfasst und wobei das Wärme transportierende Fluid den Hochtemperatur-Feststoffwärmespeicher (3,13) für den Wärmetausch in einem zweiten Abschnitt (FI II, FI w) des Fluidströmungswegs durchquert, dabei bei der Entladung des Hochtemperatur-Wärmespeichers (3,13) von diesem zum Verbraucher (2) fliesst und bei der Beladung vom Receiver (1) zu ihm, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hochtemperatur-Wärmespeicher (3,13) für die Beladung durch ein warmes Rauchgas vom Kreislauf getrennt und in einen verschiedene Abschnitte aufweisenden Rauchgasweg geschaltet wird, wobei als Abschnitt (RG II, RG w) des Rauchgaswegs durch den Hochtemperatur-Feststoffwärmespeicher (13) der Abschnitt des Fluid-Strömungswegs ...

DEVICE AND THE METHOD OF THE COLLECTION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR - WIND PLANT

COMPOSITE MATERIAL REFLECTORS SOLAR CONTAINING RESIN RENFORCEE BY FIBRES AND USES IN SOLAR POWER STATIONS

L'invention concerne un réflecteur solaire pour les centrales à énergie solaire concentrée, comprenant un substrat a) en matériau composite à base de résine renforcée par des fibres, ledit substrat ayant des moyens de fixation b) sans perforation ni collage et une couche de revêtement métallique réfléchissante c). Le réflecteur de l'invention est utilisé dans des collecteurs solaires et dans des centrales solaires à énergie solaire concentrée, en particulier pour la production d'électricité, vapeur, chaleur.

DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGH LEVEL OF ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY FOR THE STORAGE AND USE OF THERMAL ENERGY OF SOLAR ORIGIN

TOWER RECEIVER CONFIGURATION FOR HIGH POWER VALUES

The invention relates to a receiver having a configuration of saturated and overheated steam solar modules in a tower solar concentration plant, in which the configuration allows incident radiation on both faces of the overheated steam module, providing significant advantages in terms of the durability and overall control of the plant.

LOW COST FOCUSSING SYSTEM GIVING HIGH CONCENTRATIONS

There is disclosed a focussing system for concentrating radiation onto a target surface, comprising: a first reflective element forming part of the surface of a cone axially aligned along a first alignment axis, the first reflective element being positioned such that when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, the planar radiation is focussed towards a first focus lying along the first alignment axis, wherein said part of the surface of a cone is contained within a sector having an included angle of less than 180 degrees; and a second reflective element having a reflective surface that at all points is flat in a direction parallel to a single reference direction, the second reflective element being positioned between the first reflective element and the first focus such that, when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, radiation reflected ...

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

A thermal energy storage (“TES”) device including a vessel housing a continuous volume of a TES media, an input portion, an output portion, and a plurality of thermal energy transport members connected to the input portion and/or the output portion. The input portion receives thermal energy from a thermal energy source. The received thermal energy is transported by one or more of the thermal energy transport members to the output portion and/or the TES media for storage. One or more of the thermal energy transport members connected to the output portion transport stored thermal energy from the TES media to the output portion. The output portion is coupled to an external device, such as a Stirling engine, and configured to transfer thermal energy the external device. Optionally, selected ones of the thermal energy transport members connected to both the input and output portions may be insulated from the TES media.

CONVECTIVE/RADIATIVE COOLING OF CONDENSER COOLANT

A system for effecting cooling of a coolant fluid is provided, the system comprising: a solar energy collector system; and fluid channels for the coolant fluid that are at least partially above ground level and are at least partially shaded by the solar energy collector system. The system may comprise a system for cooling a condenser coolant fluid in a thermal power plant incorporating a solar energy collector system, the system comprising: one or more solar energy reflectors; and fluid channels for the coolant fluid that are at least partially above ground level and are at least partially shaded by one or more of the solar energy reflectors. Solar energy reflector carrier arrangements for use in said system, and methods and thermal power plants utilizing said system are further provided.

MEMORY ALLOY SPRING ENGINE

A memory alloy spring engine having memory alloy comprises springs (1) made from memory alloy, a driving stem (6) and a heat source. The memory springs (1) connecting to the driving stem (6) are deformed to move the driving stem (6) by compression of external force. Then, the memory springs (1) are heated after compression so as to return to the original shape, and are deformed to move the driving stem (6) by compression of external force again after they become cooling, again and again, the driving stem (6) is reciprocated with the movement of the springs (1). The memory springs (1) are heated by polyhedral glass balls (3) which collect sunshine at different angles, conduct heat to the memory springs (1) and heat them to return to the original shape. The engine may alone or in combination use nature heat energy (e.g. solar energy or geoheat) and combustible fuel to generate electricity according to different zones or time. If the engine is used in construction industry, e.g. weight is ...

SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR USE

A supercritical fluid comprises carbon dioxide and at least one disorder-inducing species. The proportion of carbon dioxide to the at least one disorder-inducing species in the supercritical fluid may be sufficient to induce disorder in the fluid. Power generation systems and thermal energy storage systems configured to use the supercritical fluid are described.

Solar desalination system and method

A solar desalination system in which fresh water is derived from sea water by focussing solar ray energy from a collecting reflector onto an evaporator tube located at substantially the focal apex of the reflector. The reflector/evaporator tube assembly is mounted on a horizontal open grid platform which may support a plurality of parallel reflector/evaporator tube assemblies. The reflectors may serve as pontoons to support the desalination system unit on a body of sea water. The solar heat generated vapor is condensed in condenser tubes immersed in the sea water. Intermittently sea water concentrate is withdrawn from the evaporator tubes. Velocity of the vapor passing from the evaporator tubes to the condensers may be utilized for generating power.

TURBINE AND BRAYTON CYCLE INCLUDING SAME

A turbine for solar thermal power generation and a Brayton cycle are disclosed. The turbine includes a blade which has a cooling working medium inlet and a cooling working medium jet orifice. The blade is provided as a cavity with hollow interior; the cooling working medium inlet is located inside the blade; the cooling working medium jet orifice is provided on the blade surface on which is provided a spectral conversion coating; the spectral conversion coating converts heat on the blade surface into conversion characteristic band radiation which is radiation energy adjacent to cooling working medium characteristic band radiation of a cooling working medium. The turbine adopts a characteristic spectral coating and a jet cooling to enhance the cooling effect for a turbine blade and to improve the system efficiency of the Brayton cycle.

Solar concentrator plant

Which, using a heat transfer fluid in any thermodynamic cycle or system for using process heat, comprises: two-dimensional solar concentrator means for heating the heat transfer fluid from a temperature T 1 to a temperature T 2; three-dimensional solar concentrator means for overheating the heat transfer fluid from a temperature T 2 to a temperature T 3; such that the advantages of working at high-temperatures of the three-dimensional solar concentrator means are taken advantage of with overall costs similar to those of two-dimensional solar concentrator means. In a specific application for generating electric power, the two-dimensional solar concentrator means consist of a parabolic trough collector ( 1 ), while the three-dimensional solar concentrator means consist of a heliostat field and central tower ( 2 ) for generating overheated steam that expands in a turbine ( 6 ) coupled to an electric generator ( 7 ).

Solar power tower with spray nozzle and rotating receiver

A solar power plant for generating steam is comprised of a spherical shell, the interior of which is sealed from the outside atmosphere and which is mounted adjacent the top of a vertical tower. A plurality of heliostats surrounds the tower and the direct sunrays onto the sphere for heating the same sphere. A spray nozzle within the sphere directs water supplied to it from an external source onto the interior surface of the sphere to create steam. The steam is withdrawn and directed to a turbine or the like for generating electricity. A motor rotates the sphere about its vertical axis thereby regularly exposing a different portion of the sphere to the heliostats to prevent the sphere from melting.

УСТРОЙСТВО И МЕТОД ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ И ОЧИЩЕННОЙ ВОДЫ

Изобретение может быть использовано в энергетике, водоочистке, топливной промышленности. Система для производства электроэнергии и очищенной воды включает в себя: i) оборудование для получения электроэнергии, преобразованной из солнечного излучения; ii) оборудование для получения электроэнергии из биотоплива; iii) оборудование для очистки воды; iv) оборудование для орошения и выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур; v) оборудование для производства биотоплива, в которой по меньшей мере один выходной продукт от оборудования для производства электроэнергии питает оборудование для очистки воды, которая используется в оборудовании для орошения и выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур, по крайней мере некоторые из которых или их остатки используются в оборудовании для производства биотоплива, служащего сырьем оборудования для производства электроэнергии из биотоплива, а компост для выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур получен из побочного продукта от производства биотоплива. Способ производства ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ ИЗ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ И СИСТЕМА, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩАЯ КОТЕЛ НА БИОТОПЛИВЕ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ИСТОЧНИКА ТЕПЛОТЫ

Изобретение относится к способу производства электроэнергии из биотоплива и солнечной энергии. Заявляется система производства электроэнергии из солнечной энергии с использованием котла на биотопливе (6) в качестве дополнительного источника теплоты, которая включает концентрирующий солнечный коллектор, котел на биотопливе (6), турбогенератор, при этом в концентрирующем солнечном коллекторе в качестве рабочего тела используется вода и применяются трубки солнечного коллектора (13) среднего давления, скомбинированные в последовательно-параллельную матрицу, выход концентрирующего солнечного коллектора соединен с основанием барабана (6а) котла на биотопливе (6) через второй клапан управления (22), а выход пара из барабана котла на биотопливе (6а) соединен с цилиндром (3) турбогенератора (1). В такой системе селективно используются солнечная энергия и источник тепла от котла на биотопливе в зависимости от погодных условий. Также раскрыт способ производства электроэнергии с использованием системы ...

СПОСОБ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ НА ОСНОВЕ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГИИ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИЙ ПРИРОДНУЮ ЭНЕРГИЮ, И СИСТЕМА ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Способ генерации электроэнергии на основе накопления энергии, использующий природную энергию, включающий этапы на которыхиспользуют природную энергию для генерации электроэнергии,отличающийся тем, чтоиспользуют электростанцию, работающую на природной энергии, для генерации электроэнергии иприводят в действие устройство сжатия воздуха, а затемиспользуют устройство сжатия воздуха для получения сжатого воздуха в качестве аккумулирующей энергию среды с последующим хранением сжатого воздуха в устройстве для хранения воздуха, причемзатем сжатый воздух полагают основным источником движущей силы или вспомогательным источником движущей силы для других электростанций.2. Способ генерации по п.1, в которомуказанная электростанция, работающая на природной энергии, представляет собой ветровую электростанцию.3. Способ генерации по п.2, в которомуказанная электростанция, работающая на природной энергии, представляет собой использующую объединенную энергию электростанцию с воздуховодной шахтой.4. Способ ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ГЕНЕРАЦИИ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ И ВНЕШНИЙ ПАРОВОЙ ИСТОЧНИК ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Солнечная и внешняя паровая гибридная система генерации электроэнергии, содержащая солнечный парогенератор, внешний регулятор пара (15), турбоагрегат (2), и генератор (1) мощности, соединенный с турбоагрегатом (2), отличающаяся тем, что выходной конец солнечного парогенератора соединен с входом (3) пара высокого давления турбоагрегата (2) через первый регулирующий клапан (18); выходной конец для пара внешнего регулятора (15) пара также соединен с входом (3) пара высокого давления турбоагрегата (2) через второй регулирующий клапан (20) и второй переключающий клапан (19); выход (4) пара низкого давления турбоагрегата (2) соединен с входным концом конденсационного аппарата (5), а выходной конец конденсационного аппарата (5) соединен с входным концом деаэратора (6); выходной конец деаэратора (6) соединен с входным концом насоса (7) подачи воды; выходной конец насоса (7) подачи воды соединен с входным концом оборотной воды солнечного парогенератора через первый переключающий клапан (16); ...

ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ РАЗНООБРАЗНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Солнечная электростанция для обработки разнообразных материалов солнечной энергией, содержащая параболический коллектор с размещенным в его фокусе ресивером, зафиксированный с возможностью свободного вращения как минимум в двух направлениях вокруг оси колонны, к которой он прикреплен выпуклой стороной, имеющий двойной корпус, состоящий из аркообразных сегментов, закрепленных на решетчатой каркасной конструкции, регулируемой так, чтобы следовать за движением солнца, снабженный несущими и движущими элементами, среди которых находится приемник тепла, выполненный в виде рабочего пространства для обработки, и соединенный с резервуаром для хранения материала, характеризующаяся тем, что конический ресивер (7) коллектора (1) содержит коническую внутреннюю полость, стенка которой вместе с параллельной внешней стенкой приемника (7) образуют еще одну внутреннюю полость, в которой оборудована система транспортировки материала, и служит как рабочее пространство для обработки разнообразных материалов ...

Solarenergieanlage

Trough collector

In order to improve, in such a way that it can be operated as efficiently as possible, a trough collector for radiation, in particular for solar radiation, comprising a trough reflector which extends in a longitudinal direction and reflects the radiation into a focus region, and an absorber-tube element which extends in the longitudinal direction in the focus region of the trough reflector and through which a heat-transporting medium flows for removal of the resulting heat and which has a depression which extends in its longitudinal direction, lies between two lateral edges, faces the trough reflector with an opening formed by the lateral edges and is bounded by an absorber screen bearing an absorber face, it is proposed that the absorber-tube element has an inner space, that in the inner space of the absorber-tube element there runs an evaporator tube, having a substantially round cross-section, for the heat transportation in the longitudinal direction, and that the evaporator tube is ...

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugen von überhitztem Wasserdampf mittels solarthermisch betriebenem Zwischenüberhitzer sowie Verwendung des überhitzten Wasserdampfs

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von überhitztem Wasserdampf mittels Solar-Energie. Die Vorrichtung weist folgende Merkmale auf: mindestens einen Wärmeträger-Kreislauf mit einem Wärmeträger-Medium zur Aufnahme der Solar-Energie in Form von Wärme und mindestens einen Wasser/Wasserdampf-Kreislauf mit Wasser und/oder Wasserdampf zur Bildung des überhitzten Wasserdampfs. Dabei können im Wasser/Wasserdampf-Kreislauf das Wasser und/oder der Wasserdampf in einer Strömungsrichtung strömen. Der Wärmeträger-Kreislauf und der Wasser/Wasserdampf-Kreislauf sind zur Erzeugung des überhitzten Wasserdampfs über mindestens einen Wärmetauscher mindestens eines Zwischenüberhitzers thermisch miteinander gekoppelt. Im Wasser/Wasserdampf-Kreislauf ist in der Strömungsrichtung vor dem Wärmetauscher mindestens ein Wasserabscheider zum Trennen von Wasser und Wasserdampf voneinander angeordnet, so dass in den Wärmetauscher im Wesentlichen nur Wasserdampf gelangen kann. Der der Wärmetauscher ...

Converter for wind and solar radiation - has wind rotors and reflectors heating air to produce steam and drive assembly to face sun

The mechanism to convert wind and solar radiation into usable energy comprises wind-driven rotors and reflectors directing radiation to a solar furnace, suitably rotated to follow the sun. The wind rotors are carried on vertical shafts on a rotatable frame. A pneumatic and/or hydraulic actuator mechanism moves the platform with reflectors, concave mirrors and lenses from East to West. Air is heated in bodies at the focal points and moved by the blower which may be driven from the wind rotors, to a boiler in the centre of a central reflector and then to a pressure vessel for the actuator. Pressure is admitted to the actuator via reducing valves and pressure lines from the actuator cylinder lead to a control for radiation orifices and throttle valve operation for the hot air and steam pressure.

Cooling system for thermodynamic low temperature solar electrical power station, has heat pump, which delivers liquefaction heat from condenser to heater, where propane is heated in heater before flowing into solar collector

The system has a heat pump (3), which cools the propane leaving the turbine and delivers the liquefaction heat from a condenser (8) to a heater (9). The propane is heated in the heater before flowing into a solar collector.

Solar energy and water treatment apparatus

An integrated system for electricity generation, water treatment and biofuel production comprises a solar power plant with a heliostat array 2 and solar tower 3 providing heat 4 to drive a turbine 6. A biofuel fired boiler 5 is also included. Condenser 12 forms part of a multistage flash desalination plant 7 for the production of treated water. The treated water produced may be used for crop irrigation, and the crops or their residues may be used for production of the biofuel. Secondary benefits of the invention include carbon abatement, ground water improvements, and land regeneration.

Energy converting system

Switchable solar heating device for a gas turbine

The invention relates to a switchable solar heating device for a gas turbine having a compressor, having a valve (4) for selectively bypassing a solar heating device (5.1, 5.2) disposed between a compressor stage (1) and a turbine stage (3) of the gaff turbine, wherein the valve is designed as a 4-way valve having a compressor connection (K) that can be connected to the compressor Stage, a turbine connection (T) that can be connected to the compressor stage, a solar inlet connection (E) having all input for the solar heating device, and a solar outlet connection (A) that can be connected to an outlet of the solar heating device.

Energy harnessing system and associated method

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

DEVICE FOR THE STORAGE FROM HEAT ENERGY TO THE FOLLOWING TRANSFORMATION INTO ELECTRICITY

Method and control system for operating a solar power tower system

A solar energy collection system includes a primary solar receiver and a secondary solar receiver. The secondary solar receiver generates steam using energy from solar radiation incident thereon. The primary solar receiver receives the generated steam from the secondary solar receiver and superheats the steam using energy from solar radiation incident thereon. A plurality of heliostat-mounted mirrors reflects incident solar radiation onto one of the primary and secondary solar receivers. A controller aims a portion of the heliostat-mounted mirrors at the primary solar receiver such that a predetermined thermal profile is provided on a surface of the primary solar receiver.

Solar receiver having back positioned header

A solar receiver includes at least two receiver panels having a common outer front surface for receiving incident solar radiation from a field of mirrors. The receiver panels include an array of side by side arranged heat exchange tubes which have a substantially straight main portion which extend in an upwards longitudinal direction and an inwards extending portion for a connection to an input or output header for respectively distributing or collecting fluid to or from the heat exchange tubes. The receiver panels are spaced apart in the upwards direction at a distance of Z cm. The header for the solar receiver is spaced behind the front surface at a distance of A cm, wherein the quotient of Z and A, Z/A, at the most equals the quotient of a vertical V and a horizontal H distance, V/H, from the header to a most far positioned mirror.

Hydrogen permeable pipe

A solar thermal power plant is provided. The solar thermal power plant includes a solar collection system configured for utilizing incident solar radiation to heat a heat transfer fluid (HTF) and a power block configured for utilizing the heated HTF to generate power. The solar collection system includes a plurality of pipes for carrying HTF characterized by a first degree of permeability to hydrogen, at least some of the pipes including portions exposed to the atmosphere, and including a membrane made of a material being characterized by a second degree of permeability to hydrogen, the second degree of permeability being higher than the first degree of permeability to hydrogen.

Solar receiver with natural circulation for generating saturated steam

The invention relates to a solar receiver with natural circulation for generating saturated steam, which uses water/steam as a heat-transfer fluid and includes a combined circuit for fluid recirculation (forced circulation and natural circulation). The system comprises: water-walls which receive the radiation on the surface thereof and inside which the working fluid changes phase; riser pipes through which the water/steam mix exiting the pipes of the receiver rises towards the boiler; downpipes through which the recirculation water descends from the boiler to the receiver; and a support pump in order to increase the incident power in the receiver and start up the plant when necessary.

Method for the natural-draught cooling of a solar concentration plant

Method for the natural-draught cooling of a high-concentration thermoelectric solar plant that includes a central receiver or tower with a heliostat field, wherein the tower is used as a natural-draught cooling tower. The steam originating from the turbine will be made to circulate through a series of condensers located at the base of the tower, where said condensers condense the steam therein and discharge the condensation heat to the atmosphere. The fluid responsible for this heat exchange is the air at ambient temperature at the base of the tower. Once condensed, the steam is pumped back towards the receiver so that it can be re-used as a heat-transfer fluid. The cooling air travels up through the tower and exits through the highest part thereof. The plant can be used to reduce not only its own electricity consumption, but also water consumption.

Methods and apparatus for latent heat (phase change) thermal storage and associated heat transfer and exchange

In various embodiments, phase change and heat exchange methods between heat collection, heat transfer, heat exchange, heat storage, and heat utility systems are described. In certain embodiments, the heat transfer fluids/heat exchange fluids, heat storage media, and working media in the system are all phase change materials with transition temperatures close to each other and in decreasing order and perform their respective function through phase changes within a relatively narrow temperature range. Methods to control heat transfer rate, heat exchange and/or heat charging/discharging rate between heat collection, thermal energy storage and heat utility apparatus at will are provided. Methods of controlling such systems are also provided.

HYBRID SOLAR POWER PLANT

A solar power plant includes a first solar reflective system configured to heat a first heat transfer fluid to a temperature within a first temperature range and at least a second solar reflective system coupled to the first solar reflective system, the second solar reflective system having a second heat transfer fluid configured to be heated to a temperature within the first temperature range by the first heat transfer fluid, the second solar reflective system configured to heat the second heat transfer fluid to a temperature within a second temperature range. The solar power plant may also include a power generation system coupled to the first solar reflective system and the second solar reflective system and configured to generate electricity by receiving heat from the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid. 1. A solar power plant comprising:a first solar reflective system configured to heat a first heat transfer fluid to a temperature within a first temperature range;at least a second solar reflective system coupled to the first solar reflective system, the second solar reflective system having a second heat transfer fluid configured to be heated to a temperature within the first temperature range by the first heat transfer fluid, the second solar reflective system configured to heat the second heat transfer fluid to a temperature within a second temperature range; anda power generation system coupled to the first solar reflective system and the second solar reflective system and configured to generate electricity by receiving heat from the second first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid.2. The solar power plant of claim 1 , wherein the power generation system comprises:a steam generator configured to generate a first steam with heat from the first heat transfer fluid;a superheater configured to generate a second steam from the first steam with heat from the second heat transfer fluid; andwherein the second steam has ...

Gas Turbine System, Control Device for Gas Turbine System, and Control Method for Gas Turbine System

Provided is a gas turbine system capable of dealing with a request for output increase even when high-pressure hot water generated using solar thermal energy cannot be used according to the operating state of the gas turbine system. A gas turbine system which sucks in intake air from an air intake duct by a compressor and drives a gas turbine by combustion gas obtained by burning air and fuel by a combustor, said gas turbine system being provided with pipes for generating high-pressure hot water by providing a solar collecting tube that utilizes solar heat and spraying the high-pressure hot water into the intake air sucked in by the compressor, and pipes for spraying normal temperature water into the intake air sucked in by the compressor.

DISH RECEIVER SYSTEM FOR SOLAR POWER GENERATION

A solar reflective assembly includes a plurality of reflective segments radially configured to collectively at least partially define a dish-shaped reflector having a center axis, each reflective segment having a generally conical shape and being discontinuous relative to the conical shape of an adjacent reflective segment, and an elongated receiver having a length generally extending in a direction of the center axis. Each reflective segment reflects and focuses sunlight on the receiver along the length of the receiver. 1. A solar reflective assembly comprising:a plurality of reflective segments radially configured to collectively at least partially define a dish-shaped reflector having a center axis, each reflective segment having a generally conical shape and being discontinuous relative to the conical shape of an adjacent reflective segment; andan elongated receiver having a length generally extending in a direction of the center axis;wherein each reflective segment reflects and focuses sunlight on the receiver along the length of the receiver.2. The solar reflective assembly of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises at least one tube configured to carry a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , and wherein each reflective segment reflects and focuses sunlight on the receiver along the length of the receiver to heat the heat transfer fluid.3. The solar reflective assembly of claim 1 , the receiver comprising:a first tube generally extending in a direction of the center axis; anda second tube having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the first tube and located inside the first tube to define an annular space between the first tube and the second tube, the second tube having an open end and configured to carry a heat transfer fluid to the first tube through the open end;wherein the heat transfer fluid is heated in the annular space by the sunlight reflected and focused onto the receiver by the plurality of reflective segments.4. The solar reflective assembly of claim ...

Cavity Receivers for Parabolic Solar Troughs

A tubular heat-absorbing element partly enclosed in an insulating layer or jacket, has absorbing surface that is accessible to solar radiation. The thermal insulation is designed to provide entry to solar radiation by way of a cavity. The absorbing surface can be substantially planar. 1. A system for generating energy from solar radiation as part of a solar power system , said system comprising:a plurality of linear receivers, each of said plurality of linear receivers including at least a solar radiation absorbing element designed to absorb an incident flux of solar radiation and transfer an absorbed flux of energy to a heat transfer medium, said heat transfer medium designed to receive and transport at least a portion of said absorbed flux of energy, at least a portion of said radiation absorbing element being covered with a solar selective absorber, said solar selective absorber having a thermal emittance value and an optical absorptance value, said optical absorptance value being different from said thermal emittance value;a parabolic trough mirror collector for concentrating solar radiation onto said plurality of linear receivers;a control system for directing said parabolic trough mirror at the sun,{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4', '4', '3', '2', '1, 'wherein said heat transfer medium circulating in a first receiver in said plurality of linear receivers is heated by solar radiation from a first elevated temperature T to a second elevated temperature T over a first distance corresponding to a length of said first receiver and said heat transfer medium circulating in a second receiver in said plurality of linear receivers is heated by solar radiation from a third elevated temperature T to a fourth elevated temperature T over a second distance corresponding to a length of said second receiver, where T>T≧T>T, said first receiver and said second receiver having structures designed for operation in different temperature ranges.'}2. The linear solar receiver of claim 1 , ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A SOLAR STEAM SYSTEM DURING REDUCED-INSOLATION EVENTS

A solar energy system can be controlled during periods of reduced insolation. For example, one or more environmental condition sensors can detect environmental properties indicating current or expected insolation levels and can generate at least one signal indicating a current or impending transient reduced-insolation event. The at least one signal can be received (for example, by a controller) from the sensors that indicates changes in insolation. Responsively to the at least one signal, characteristics of a current reduced insolation event or of an impending transient reduced-insolation event can be calculated. In response to the calculated characteristics, a quantity of available insolation can be calculated. An attemperation flow rate in the solar steam system can be controlled responsively to the calculated quantity of available insolation such that the temperature of steam entering the steam turbines is maintained within a predefined range. 1. A method of controlling a solar steam system , the solar steam system having one or more steam turbines and one or more solar receivers , the method comprising:(i) detecting by one or more environmental condition sensors environmental properties indicating current or expected insolation levels, and generating therefrom, at least one signal indicating a current or impending transient reduced-insolation event;(ii) receiving at least one signal from the sensors that indicate changes in insolation;(iii) calculating, responsively to said at least one signal, characteristics of a current reduced insolation event or of an impending transient reduced-insolation event;(iv) in response to a result of the calculating characteristics, calculating a quantity of available insolation; and(v) controlling an attemperation flow rate in the solar steam system responsively to a result of said calculating a quantity such that the temperature of steam entering the one or more steam turbines is maintained in a predefined range.2. The method of ...

ECONOMIZER IN SOLAR TOWER PLANT AND OPERATING METHOD OF SAID PLANT

An economizer in a solar tower plant and operating method of said plant the purpose whereof is to make use of the heat from the heat losses generated around the solar tower receivers () to preheat the fluid with which the saturated steam or superheated steam solar receivers are fed. When the heat from the losses absorbed by the economizer () is not sufficient to achieve the necessary minimum temperature, a secondary economizer () is used which takes live steam (prior to it entering the turbine) and increases the temperature of the feed water of the receiver (). 1. An economizer in a solar tower plant of the type consisting of a solar field of heliostats which reflect solar radiation and direct it towards one or more receivers located at the top of the tower , producing in those receivers the heating of a fluid , wherein said economizer comprises a series of tubes arranged as a plane or bundle on the receiver and in the interior whereof circulates the water with which the receiver is fed , absorbing the calorific energy given off by the heat losses from the receiver.25-. (canceled)6. An economizer in a solar tower plant according to claim 1 , wherein the pipes have fins.7. An economizer in a solar tower plant according to claim 1 , wherein the economizer has a special covering with absorptivity exceeding 0.9 to accept all the heat which it receives.8. An economizer in a solar tower plant according to wherein a secondary economizer is installed in parallel with the first economizer claim 1 , installed at the top of the tower claim 1 , through which steam circulates and transmits that heat to the receiver's feed water of the receiver.9. An economizer in a solar tower plant according to claim 8 , wherein the secondary economizer includes a high-pressure exchanger or heater.10. An economizer in a solar tower plant according to claim 8 , wherein live steam (steam extracted from the turbine) circulates through the secondary economizer.11. (canceled)12. An economizer in a ...

Low Cost Focussing System Giving High Concentrations

There is disclosed a focussing system for concentrating radiation onto a target surface, comprising: a first reflective element forming part of the surface of a cone axially aligned along a first alignment axis, the first reflective element being positioned such that when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, the planar radiation is focussed towards a first focus lying along the first alignment axis, wherein said part of the surface of a cone is contained within a sector having an included angle of less than 180 degrees; and a second reflective element having a reflective surface that at all points is flat in a direction parallel to a single reference direction, the second reflective element being positioned between the first reflective element and the first focus such that, when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, radiation reflected from the first reflective element onto the second reflective element is focussed towards a second focus. A multiple target focussing system comprising a plurality of focussing systems, solar powered systems using focussing systems, kits, telescopes, defocussing light sources, and methods for assembling focussing systems are also disclosed.

Bladeless Turbine

The bladeless turbine includes a case, three or more turbine discs disposed within the case. Each turbine disc has a center opening, and two or more of the turbine discs have a set of exhaust ports positioned annularly around the center opening. A drive shaft passes through the center openings of the turbine discs and is attached to the three or more turbine discs, wherein the drive shaft is positioned within the case along the centerline, free to rotate within the case, and extends through the case for connection to a generator. The one or more fluid/vapor inlets are attached to the main housing such that a fluid/vapor is directed at a specified angle onto the three or more turbine discs. The fluid/vapor outlet is aligned with the centerline. A set of exhaust holes proximate to and connected to the fluid/vapor outlet that are positioned annularly around the drive shaft.

GROUND HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-EFFICIENCY SOLAR STEAM ELECTRICITY-GENERATING DEVICE

A ground high-temperature high-efficiency solar steam electricity-generating device includes a light convergence assembly (), a heat exchanger assembly(), a heat storage chamber assembly(), a base assembly(), an oil pump(), a temperature-controlling valve(), a steam turbine(), temperature-controlling valve (), a steam turbine (), an electricity-generator (), a system control circuit, a water pump () and a water tank assembly (). The light convergence assembly () includes a glass plate (-), Fresnel lenses, a U-shaped groove (-), a thermal insulating material, a heat collecting pipe (-), high temperature heat conducting oil(-), a frame (-), a rib-plate and a spindle sleeve. The high temperature heat conducting oil(-) in the heat collecting pipe (-) is communicated with the heat exchanger assembly () and the heat storage chamber assembly (), so that the warm water in the heat exchanger assembly () is quickly converted into high temperature steam which drives the steam turbine () and the electricity-generator () to generate electrical energy. The device can realize high solar utilization, high automaticity, simple structure, lower cost, small size, and is safe and reliable. 191013121351516. A ground high-temperature high-efficiency solar steam electricity-generating device comprising a water pump () , a water tank assembly () , a steam turbine () , a generator () and a system control circuit , characterized in that the device further comprises a light convergence assembly () , a heat exchanger assembly () , a heat storage chamber assembly () , an oil pump () and a temperature-controlling valve () ,{'b': 1', '5', '1', '1', '6', '6', '6', '3', '6', '3', '5', '4', '5', '6', '6', '1', '6', '2', '6', '6', '3', '6', '3', '3', '4', '3', '1', '3', '3', '4', '3', '3', '3', '14', '13', '12', '11', '6', '6', '5', '4', '5', '5', '2', '5', '3', '1', '5', '5', '5', '7', '3', '16', '15, 'wherein a heat collecting pipe (-) of the light convergence assembly () is provided with a spiral ...

THERMAL COLLECTOR TUBE, THERMAL COLLECTOR AND CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

A thermal collector tube includes a main body portion that houses a heat medium, and a coating layer provided on an outside surface of the main body portion. The coating layer has a radiation rate of 0.70 to 0.98 at room temperature and at a wavelength of 1 μm to 15 μm. The thermal collector tube is used in concentrated solar power generation in which solar light is collected using reflecting mirrors, the collected solar light is converted into heat using a thermal collector having the thermal collector tube, and power is generated using the heat. 1. A thermal collector tube comprising:a main body portion that houses a heat medium;a coating layer provided on an outside surface of the main body portion and having a radiation rate of 0.70 to 0.98 at room temperature and at a wavelength of 1 μm to 15 μm; andthe thermal collector tube being used in concentrated solar power generation in which solar light is collected using reflecting mirrors, the collected solar light is converted into heat using a thermal collector having the thermal collector tube, and power is generated using the heat.2. The thermal collector tube according to claim 1 ,wherein the coating layer is made of an infrared black body coating composition including an infrared radiator which includes an oxide of a transition element as a main component and including an inorganic compound having a softening temperature of 400° C. to 1000° C.3. The thermal collector tube according to claim 1 ,wherein a thickness of the coating layer is 0.2 μm to 50 μm.4. The thermal collector tube according to claim 1 ,wherein the coating layer is provided on an entire outside surface of the main body portion.5. The thermal collector tube according to claim 2 ,wherein the oxide of a transition element is manganese dioxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, chromium oxide, or a combination thereof, andthe inorganic compound is a high expansion glass with a low melting point which is made of ...

STEAM POWER PLANT WITH A GROUND HEAT EXCHANGER

A Steam power plant comprising a steam turbine () and a condenser (), wherein the condenser () is disclosed, comprising a first heat sink being a ground heat exchanger () is connected to the condenser during times when ground temperature is lower than air temperature; and a second heat sink being an above-ground heat exchanger is connected to the condenser during times when ground temperature is not lower than air temperature. 1. A steam power plant comprisinga steam turbine, a condenser, a first heat sink and a second heat sink,wherein the first heat sink is a ground heat exchanger, the first heat sink in thermal communication with the condenser when a ground temperature is less than an air temperature; andwherein the second heat sink is an above-ground heat exchanger, the second heat sink in thermal communication with the condenser when the ground temperature is not less than the air temperature.2. The steam power plant according to claim 1 , wherein the ground heat exchanger is vertically or horizontally oriented.3. The steam power plant according to claim 1 , wherein the above-ground heat exchanger is an indirect or direct cooling system.4. The steam power plant according to claim 1 , wherein the steam power plant comprises at least one solar collector.5. The steam power plant according to claim 4 , wherein the least one solar collector is installed above the ground heat exchanger.6. A method for operating a steam power plant comprising a water-steam-cycle claim 4 , a steam turbine and a condenser for condensing the steam escaping from the steam turbine claim 4 , the method comprisingproviding a heat carrier fluid to a first heat sink,providing a heat carrier fluid to a second heat sink,wherein the first heat sink is a ground heat exchanger connected to the condenser when a ground temperature is lower than an air temperature; and the second heat sink is an above-ground heat exchanger connected to the condenser when the ground temperature is not lower than the ...

Solar Thermal Installation and Method for Operating a Solar Thermal Installation

A solar thermal installation and method for operating a solar thermal installation includes a solar collector arrangement which defines a solar collector fluid passage so that a first heat quantity can be supplied to a fluid, and which has a first fluid infeed connection and a first fluid output connection. A heat exchanger fluid passage permits a second heat quantity to be supplied to a fluid. A heating fluid receiving device is fluidically connected with a first fluid output connection and fluidically connects a second fluid output connection to the first fluid output connection by bypassing the solar collector fluid passage. A consumer device is connected to the heating fluid receiving device. At least a portion of the first heat quantity and second heat quantity can be supplied to the consumer device. A control device controls an operation of the gas turbine depending on the first heat quantity. 1. A solar thermal installation , comprising: a first fluid infeed connection for feeding the fluid which is to be heated into the solar collector fluid passage, and', 'a first fluid output connection for outputting the heated fluid from the solar collector fluid passage;, 'a solar collector arrangement including a plurality of solar collectors and defining a solar collector fluid passage through which a fluid is guided such that a first heat quantity can be supplied to the fluid by incident solar radiation impinging on the solar collectors, wherein the solar collector fluid passage includesa gas turbine including an exhaust gas output; an exhaust gas passage connected to the exhaust gas output of the gas turbine and for conveying hot exhaust gas of the gas turbine through the exhaust gas passage, and', 'a heat exchanger fluid passage through which the fluid is guided such that a second heat quantity can be supplied to the fluid by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas passage, the heat exchanger fluid passage including a second fluid infeed connection for ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION BY MEANS OF SOLAR THERMAL TRANSFORMATION

We present an improved system for solar energy collection and electricity generation, comprising a solar collector apparatus, said apparatus comprising an array of square Fresnel lenses arranged in rows with modular energy absorption devices located below, wherein the array is mounted on arms at a low height above ground, the rows of said array are rotatable horizontally about their lengthwise axis, and the array is mounted on a rotatable base 1. A solar collector apparatus comprisinga) an array of Fresnel lenses arranged in rows, the Fresnel lenses having a focal length; andb) one or more energy absorption devices located below each of the Fresnel lenses at a distance substantially corresponding to their focal length;whereinc) the rows of said array of Fresnel lenses are rotatable about a lengthwise horizontal axis of said rows; and whereind) the array of Fresnel lenses is rotatable about a vertical axis.2. The solar collector apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein the Fresnel lenses are substantially square shaped.3. The solar collector apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein each row of Fresnel lenses has an automatic wipe-cleaning system.4. The solar collector apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein the array of Fresnel lenses is mounted on a base rotatable about a vertical axis; andwherein the rotatable base forms an insulated lid of a storage tank for a heat conduction and storage fluid.5. The solar collector apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein each energy absorption device comprisesa) a heat conductor;b) a transparent plate mounted above the heat conductor; andc) an insulated casing surrounding the heat conductor where it is not covered by the transparent plate;d) wherein both the heat conductor and the transparent plate have the shape of a segment of a circle having a center located above the transparent plate.6. The solar collector apparatus of claim 5 ,a) wherein the heat conductor extends into a heat conduction and storage fluid through an opening in the insulated casing; andb) wherein a ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER

Embodiments described herein relate to a method of producing energy from concentrated solar flux. The method includes dropping granular solid particles through a solar flux receiver configured to transfer energy from concentrated solar flux incident on the solar flux receiver to the granular solid particles as heat. The method also includes fluidizing the granular solid particles from the solar flux receiver to produce a gas-solid fluid. The gas-solid fluid is passed through a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the solid particles in the gas-solid fluid to a working fluid. The granular solid particles are extracted from the gas-solid fluid such that the granular solid particles can be dropped through the solar flux receiver again. 1. A method of producing energy from concentrated solar flux , the method comprising:dropping granular solid particles through a solar flux receiver configured to transfer energy from concentrated solar flux incident on the solar flux receiver to the granular solid particles as heat;fluidizing the granular solid particles from the solar flux receiver to produce a gas-solid fluid;passing the gas-solid fluid through a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the solid particles in the gas-solid fluid to a working fluid; andextracting the granular solid particles from the gas-solid fluid such that the granular solid particles can be dropped through the solar flux receiver again.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising:slowing a flow of the granular solid particle through the solar flux receiver using one or more baffles in the solar flux receiver.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising:pumping the gas-solid fluid from the heat exchanger to a height above the solar flux receiver such that after extracting the solid particles from the gas-solid fluid, the solid particles can be dropped through the solar flux receiver.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising:storing the solid particles from the solar flux receiver in a hot particle silo before fluidizing ...

Cavity Receivers for Parabolic Solar Troughs

A tubular heat-absorbing element partly enclosed in an insulating layer or jacket, has absorbing surface that is accessible to solar radiation. The thermal insulation is designed to provide entry to solar radiation by way of a cavity. The absorbing surface can be substantially planar.

Solar light collecting mirror and solar thermal power generation system comprising the solar light collecting mirror

Provided are a solar light collecting mirror which can achieve high light collection efficiency even in a solar thermal power generation system such as a tower solar thermal power generation system in which the distance from a reflecting mirror to a heat collector is a long distance between several tens of meters and several hundreds of meters, can be manufactured easily and inexpensively, and can easily achieve concave mirrors with various curvatures, and a solar thermal power generation system using the same. A solar light collecting mirror (SL) of a heliostat ( 15 ) close to a light collecting mirror ( 11 ) serves as a concave mirror with a relatively small curvature by setting the relative rotation amount between a nut (NT) and a bolt (BT) large, and a solar light collecting mirror (SL) of a heliostat ( 15 ) distant from the light collecting mirror ( 11 ) serves as a concave mirror with a relatively large curvature by setting the relative rotation amount between the nut (NT) and the bolt (BT) small, thereby achieving a solar thermal power generation system having high light collection efficiency in total.

Solar Reflector in Composite Material Based on Resin Reinforced with Cut Fibres, and Uses in Solar Plants

The invention relates to a solar reflector for concentrated solar power plants, comprising a substrate a) in composite material based on resin reinforced with cut fibres, said substrate having means b) for attachment without either perforation or gluing, and a metallic reflective coating layer c). The reflector of the invention is used in solar collectors and in solar plants operating on concentrated solar power, more particularly for producing electricity, steam and/or heat. 1) Solar reflector characterized in that it comprises:a) a curved or planar substrate which is a part moulded in composite material based on resin reinforced with cut fibres, preferably having a roughness (mean Ra) of less than 30 nm, more particularly less than 20 nm, b1) means for attaching said reflector to a support, said means being anchored or moulded in said moulded part, substrate a), and optionally', 'b2) moulded attachment means which are means for assembly between moulded parts, substrates a), preferably by interlocking of the edges of said moulded parts,, 'b) attachment elements carried integrally by said moulded part, substrate a), by the means of moulding alone and without any perforation of said substrate and without any adhesive or gluing means, these means b) beingc) a reflective layer of silver-based metallic coating with a thickness of from 60 to 200 nm, preferably from 60 to 150 nm, having a reflectance of more than 94% in accordance with standard ISO 9050.2) Reflector according to claim 1 , characterized in that said metallic coating is applied directly to said substrate a).3) Reflector according to claim 1 , characterized in that said metallic coating of layer c) is applied to an organic claim 1 , adhesion-promoting coating layer d) claim 1 , d) being applied directly to said substrate a) and before said layer c).4) Reflector according to claim 3 , characterized in that said coating of the layer d) is at the same time a coating acting to reduce the roughness of said ...

THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEM AND METHODS

Insolation can be used to heat a solar fluid for use in generating electricity. During periods of relatively higher insolation, excess enthalpy in a superheated solar fluid can be stored in a thermal storage system for subsequent use during periods of relatively lower insolation or at times when supplemental electricity generation is necessary. Enthalpy from superheated solar fluid can be transferred to the thermal storage system so as to heat a storage medium therein, but the enthalpy transfer can be limited such that the superheated solar fluid does not condense or only partially condenses. The remaining enthalpy in the de-superheated solar fluid can be used for other applications, such as, but not limited to, preheating the solar fluid for an evaporating solar receiver, supplementing the input to a superheating solar receiver, industrial applications, resource extraction, and/or fuel production. 1. A method of generating electricity using insolation , comprising: generating superheated steam at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure using insolation;', 'using a first portion of the generated steam to drive a turbine so as to produce electricity;', 'directing a second portion of the generated steam to a first flowpath of a first heat exchanger in thermal communication with first and second thermal reservoirs; and', enthalpy in the second portion of the generated steam in the first flowpath is transferred to the storage medium in the second flowpath so as to heat the storage medium from a first temperature less than a boiling point of water at said pressure to a second temperature greater than the boiling point of water,', 'fluid exiting from the first flowpath of the first heat exchanger has a temperature at or greater than the boiling point of water at said pressure, and', 'at least some of the fluid exiting the first flowpath of first heat exchanger remains in the form of steam; and, 'at a same time as said directing, flowing a storage medium from the ...

CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER GENERATION USING SOLAR RECEIVERS

Inventive concentrated solar power systems using solar receivers, and related devices and methods, are generally described. 199-. (canceled)100. A solar receiver comprising:a low pressure fluid chamber comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and an opening for receiving concentrated solar radiation;a solar absorber housed within the low pressure fluid chamber; anda transparent object that defines at least a portion of a wall of the low pressure fluid chamber;wherein concentrated solar radiation received through the opening passes through the transparent object into the low pressure fluid chamber and impinges upon the solar absorber.101. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the low pressure fluid chamber defines a fluid flow path from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet claim 100 ,wherein, between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the fluid flow path extends across at least a portion of the transparent object and through one or more passages within the solar absorber.102. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the transparent object has a parabolic shape.103. The solar receiver claim 102 , wherein the concave face of the parabolic shape is directed toward the opening.104. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the transparent object has a radius of curvature of 1 foot to 50 feet.105106-. (canceled)107. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the transparent object has a planar disc shape.108. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the transparent object has a diameter in a range of 1 meter to 5 meters.109. (canceled)110. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the transparent object has a thickness in a range of 0.5 inch to 4 inches.111. (canceled)112. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the maximum allowable working pressure of the low pressure fluid chamber is equal to or less than 2 atm.113115-. (canceled)116. The solar receiver of claim 100 , wherein the low pressure fluid chamber defines a recess within which an outer rim of the ...

MANAGEABLE HYBRID PLANT USING PHOTOVOLTAIC AND SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED OPERATING METHOD

Manageable hybrid plant using photovoltaic and solar thermal technology and associated operating method, wherein said hybrid plant comprises three levels of generation: 14. Manageable hybrid plant using photovoltaic and solar thermal technology , the solar thermal part of the plant being of the type that converts solar radiation into thermal energy by absorbing heat from the heat transfer fluid flowing through a receiver and that fluid , supersaturated and/or superheated and in the form of steam , is sent to a turbine to produce electricity and is hybridized with a natural gas boiler to meet the manageability requirements and is completed with a thermal storage system in the form of steam or molten salt in a series of tanks , to meet the established requirement of having a storage capacity of primary energy of at least hours of use , and the part of photovoltaic plant being where solar radiation is captured in photovoltaic systems that generate electricity as DC which is transformed into alternating current by an inverter , wherein the hybrid plant includes three levels of generation:{'b': '1', 'Level corresponds to a portion of the photovoltaic generation that covers the self consumption of solar tracking systems of the concentration elements or heliostats of the solar thermal plant and the self consumption of the power block of the plant;'}{'b': '2', 'Level corresponds to the generation of the solar thermal plant and another portion of photovoltaic generation that covers the consumption of the auxiliary services of the solar thermal plant;'}{'b': 3', '1', '2', '2', '3', '3, 'Level corresponds to the generation of another area of photovoltaic production that contributes to improving the total production curve, the total power generated by the hybrid plant and discharged into the network, being the result of the sum of generation of the three levels and wherein level comprises low voltage connection lines, level comprises low voltage connection lines, which have ...

DUAL HYBRID FLUID HEATING APPARATUS AND METHODS OF ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION

A dual hybrid heating apparatus, method of assembly and operation to pre-heat vaporizable fluid by free heat sources—waste heat from heat recovery units and insolation. The pre-heated vaporizable fluid is routed to where a parabolic dish solar concentrator vaporizes it to turn a blade of a turbine generator to generate electricity. Heat is extracted from the vapor to form condensate, but the vapor also heats the condensate before being cooled by heat exchange with fluid cooled by a cooling tower. 1. A dual hybrid fluid heating apparatus; comprising:at least one controller equipped with(a) heat availability logic that determines whether heat from at least one free energy source is or is not available for heat exchange and, if so, issues appropriate commands to effect the heat exchange; and(b) vaporization viability logic that determines whether vaporization of vaporizable fluid is viable with concentrated solar ration from at least one parabolic dish solar concentrator and, if so, issues appropriate command signals to heat the vaporizable fluid with heat from the heat exchange to pre-heat the vaporizable fluid and to thereafter vaporize the pre-heated vaporizable fluid into a vapor by concentrated solar radiation from the at least one parabolic dish solar concentrator up to an extent of viability.2. The dual hybrid fluid heating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller is equipped also with heat extraction logic that determines whether heat extraction from the vapor is viable and claim 1 , if so claim 1 , to issue appropriate command signals to extract the heat from the vapor to transform the vapor into a condensate and to thereafter heat the condensate with the extracted heat.3. The dual hybrid fluid heating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller is equipped also with heat extraction logic that determines whether heat extraction from the vapor is viable and claim 1 , if so claim 1 , to issue appropriate command signals to ...

Electromagnetic Radiation Collector

An electromagnetic radiation collection apparatus includes an exterior including a bottom portion and first and second walls extending from the bottom portion, the exterior defining a cavity in the bottom portion, the cavity being configured to receive a thermally absorbing material; and a radiation collector. The radiation collector includes a first surface on an interior of the first wall, the first surface being at least partially reflective and positioned to reflect radiation that is incident on the first surface into the cavity; and a second surface on an interior of the second wall, the second surface being at least partially reflective and positioned to reflect radiation that is incident on the second surface into the cavity, where the first and second surfaces face each other to at least partially define an interior region of the radiation collector, and the cavity defines an opening to the interior of the radiation collector. 1. An electromagnetic radiation collection apparatus comprising:an exterior comprising a bottom portion and first and second walls extending from the bottom portion, the exterior defining a cavity in the bottom portion, the cavity being configured to receive a thermally absorbing material; and a first surface on an interior of the first wall, the first surface being at least partially reflective and positioned to reflect radiation that is incident on the first surface into the cavity; and', 'a second surface on an interior of the second wall, the second surface being at least partially reflective and positioned to reflect radiation that is incident on the second surface into the cavity, wherein', 'the first and second surfaces face each other to at least partially define an interior region of the radiation collector, and', 'the cavity defines an opening to the interior of the radiation collector., 'a radiation collector comprising2. The electromagnetic radiation collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein radiation that enters the ...

METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR CONVERTING SOLAR RADIATION IN MECHANICAL POWER

A method for converting solar radiation in mechanical power, for generating electrical power, having an extraordinarily high efficiency, comprising the steps of feeding a hot fluid heated by a solar device to a hot cylinder of a Stirling engine and feeding a cold fluid, cooled in the absorption stage of an absorption refrigeration apparatus to a cold cylinder of the Stirling engine, obtaining mechanical power from the Stirling engine, for actuating an electrical generator. 1. Method for converting solar radiation into mechanical power , particularly but not exclusively for generating electrical power , comprising the step of feeding to a hot cylinder of a Stirling engine a hot fluid heated by a solar device , characterised in that it comprises the step of feeding to a cold cylinder of the Stirling engine a cold fluid , cooled in the absorption stage of an absorption refrigeration apparatus , and obtaining mechanical power from the Stirling engine , particularly but not exclusively for actuating an electrical generator.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises the step of feeding a hot fluid claim 1 , heated by the solar device claim 1 , to the desorption stage of the absorption refrigeration apparatus.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises the step of keeping the maximum temperature of the hot fluid at a low preset value.4. Assembly for converting solar radiation in mechanical power claim 1 , particularly but not exclusively for generating electrical power claim 1 , of the type comprising:a Stirling engine having a hot cylinder with a first heat exchanger and a cold cylinder, with a second heat exchanger,a solar device with a third heat exchanger for the collection and concentration of solar rays on the third heat exchanger, anda first fluid circuit extending between the third heat exchanger of the solar device and the first heat exchanger of the hot cylinder, characterised in that it comprises an ...

APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING RADIATION ENERGY

An apparatus for utilizing radiation is disclosed. The apparatus may comprise a collector unit, a transfer unit and a working unit. The collector unit comprises at least one radiation reflecting surface adapted to focus radiation and to direct said radiation to said transfer unit. The transfer unit may comprise at least one transparent section, which is integrated into a wall of a first working fluid reservoir of said working unit. The first working fluid reservoir may comprise working fluid, wherein said transfer unit is arranged such as to directly transmit radiation to said working fluid to heat said working fluid. 1. An apparatus for utilizing radiation , comprisinga collector unit, a transfer unit, and a working unit;wherein the collector unit comprises at least one radiation reflecting surface adapted to focus radiation and to direct said radiation to said transfer unit;wherein the transfer unit comprises at least one transparent section, which is integrated into a wall of a first working fluid reservoir of said working unit;wherein said first working fluid reservoir comprises a working fluid; andwherein said transfer unit is arranged such as to directly transmit radiation to said working fluid to heat said working fluid.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said working fluid is provided only within said working unit.3. The apparatus of to claim 1 , wherein said working fluid only flows within said working unit.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a second end of said transfer unit is formed as a lens to refract the emergent radiation such as to achieve essentially uniform radiation dispersion in said first working fluid reservoir.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said transfer unit comprises an essentially transparent heat insulation coating claim 1 , adapted to reduce heat flow from said working fluid to the environment through said transfer unit.6. The apparatus of claim 1 ,wherein said transfer unit comprises a fibre optic cable with a first end ...

Power generating system

In one embodiment, a power generating system includes; a flow dividing unit configured to divide a first heat medium supplied thereto to a first flow path and a second flow path; and a heat accumulating unit configured to accumulate the first heat medium sent thereto via the second flow path and deliver the first heat medium at a temporally leveled flow rate. The system further includes: a heat exchanging unit configured to transfer heat from the first heat medium sent thereto via the first flow path and the first heat medium delivered thereto from the heat accumulating unit, to a second heat medium that is lower in boiling point than the first heat medium; and a turbine configured to rotationally move with the second heat medium to which heat has been transferred by the heat exchanging unit.

Startup systems and methods for solar boilers

A startup system for a solar boiler includes a main fluid circuit having a plurality of solar boiler panels for generating power from solar energy. An auxiliary fluid circuit is selectively connected in fluid communication with the main fluid circuit by a plurality of valves. An auxiliary boiler is operatively connected to the auxiliary fluid circuit. The valves connecting the auxiliary fluid circuit to the main fluid circuit are configured to be opened and closed to selectively place the auxiliary boiler in fluid communication with portions of the main fluid circuit to supply heat to the portions of the main fluid circuit in preparation to produce power from solar energy.

DISH-TYPE STIRLING SOLAR GENERATOR

A dish-type Stirling solar generator capable of running continuously day and night, including a dish-type Stirling solar generating set. The dish-type Stirling solar generating set includes a combustor, a position adjustment mechanism, and a bracket. The combustor includes an opening. The position adjustment mechanism is capable of adjusting the opening of the combustor to align or deviate from a heat receiver of the dish-type Stirling solar generating set. The position adjustment mechanism is disposed on the bracket of the dish-type Stirling solar generating set. The combustor is disposed on the position adjustment mechanism. A fuel supply system of the combustor is connected to the combustor via a main switch valve, a branch switch valve, a regulating valve, and a flexible conveying pipe. 11. A dish-type Stirling solar generator , comprising a dish-type Stirling solar generating set () , wherein{'b': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2, 'i': 'a', 'the dish-type Stirling solar generating set () comprises a combustor (), a position adjustment mechanism (), and a bracket (), the combustor () comprising an opening;'}{'b': 3', '2', '1, 'the position adjustment mechanism () is capable of adjusting the opening of the combustor () to align or deviate from a heat receiver of the dish-type Stirling solar generating set ();'}{'b': 3', '1', '1, 'i': 'a', 'the position adjustment mechanism () is disposed on the bracket() of the dish-type Stirling solar generating set ();'}{'b': 2', '3, 'the combustor () is disposed on the position adjustment mechanism (); and'}{'b': 4', '2', '2', '4', '5', '6', '7, 'i': 'c', 'a fuel supply system () of the combustor () is connected to the combustor () via a main switch valve (), a branch switch valve (), a regulating valve (), and a flexible conveying pipe ().'}232. The solar generator of claim 1 , wherein the position adjustment mechanism () is a telescoping mechanism; a driver of the telescoping mechanism employs a linear actuator; and the combustor () is ...

METHOD FOR DIMENSIONING A SOLAR GENERATION SYSTEM, AND THE SOLAR GENERATION SYSTEM OBTAINED

Method for dimensioning a solar generation system and the solar generation system obtained, including a solar radiation heat absorber for a Stirling engine. The Stirling engine includes a head and a heat exchanger surrounding the head of the engine, the absorber having a cavity shaped so as to be joined onto the head of the engine and to transfer heat to the heat exchanger. The method includes the step of giving the absorber such a mass as to guarantee stable operation of the Stirling engine during temporary periods of predefined duration wherein the solar radiation is insufficient to guarantee operation of the engine (Pric Подробнее

ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

Systems and methods for transforming solar energy into mechanical and/or electrical energy by using an ORC fluid in an ORC cycle configuration. The ORC cycle configuration includes a heat source that vaporizes the ORC fluid and an expander that expands the vaporized ORC fluid to produce the energy. 150. A system () for generating energy using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) , the system comprising:a single closed loop configured to use an ORC fluid for the ORC; and{'b': '52', 'a solar power source () configured to use solar energy to transform an ORC liquid to a vaporized ORC.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the single closed loop comprises:an expander fluidly connected to the solar power source and configured to receive the vaporized ORC and expand it so that a rotoric part of the expander rotates;a recuperator fluidly connected to an output of the expander and configured to remove heat from the vaporized ORC;a cooling device fluidly connected to the recuperator and configured to transform the vaporized ORC back to the ORC liquid; anda pump fluidly connected between the cooling device and the recuperator and configured to pump the ORC liquid to the recuperator,wherein the pumped ORC liquid from the pump receives heat in the recuperator from the vaporized ORC coming from the expander.3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:a power generator coupled to the expander and configured to produce electric energy when the rotoric part of the expander is rotated by an expansion of the vaporized ORC.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:a compressor or another turbo-machine connected to the expander and configured to be driven by the expander.5. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:a storage tank fluidly provided between the cooling device and the pump.6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the expander has only one stage and the expander is an axial expander.7. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:piping fluidly connecting elements of the system; ...

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT

A solar thermal power plant includes a solar radiation receiver mounted on a tower surrounded by a heliostat field to receive solar radiation reflected by heliostats forming the heliostat field. The power plant includes a power generation circuit including a steam turbine for driving an electrical generator to produce electrical power, and water in the power generation circuit is capable of being heated directly by solar radiation reflected onto the solar radiation receiver by the heliostat field to generate steam to drive the steam turbine. The power plant also includes an energy storage circuit including a thermal energy storage fluid, such as molten salt, which is capable of being heated directly by solar radiation reflected by the heliostat field. A heat exchanger is also provided for recovering thermal energy from the thermal energy storage fluid in the energy storage circuit; the recovered thermal energy may then be used to generate steam to drive the steam turbine. 1. A solar thermal power plant comprising:-a tower;a plurality of heliostats surrounding the tower and forming a heliostat field;a solar radiation receiver mounted on the tower to receive solar radiation reflected by the heliostat field;a power generation circuit including a steam turbine for driving an electrical generator to produce electrical power, water in the power generation circuit being capable of being heated directly by solar radiation reflected onto the solar radiation receiver by the heliostat field to generate steam to drive the steam turbine;an energy storage circuit including a thermal energy storage fluid capable of being heated directly by solar radiation reflected by the heliostat field; anda heat exchanger for recovering thermal energy from the thermal energy storage fluid in the energy storage circuit.2. A solar thermal power plant according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is arranged to generate steam for the power generation circuit.3. A solar thermal power plant ...

SOLAR CONCENTRATOR, AND HEAT COLLECTION APPARATUS AND SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION APPARATUS INCLUDING SAME

A center of gravity Q of a mirror structure , which has a plurality of mirrors , is located between the plurality of mirrors . A driving mechanism that rotates the mirror structure includes a first rotational shaft that has a first rotational axis A as a central axis and is supported by a supporting base to be rotatable, a first drive device that rotates the first rotational shaft , a second rotational shaft that has the mirror structure fixed thereto, has a second rotational axis A which is orthogonal to the first rotational axis A as a central axis, and is mounted on the first rotational shaft to be rotatable, and a second drive device that rotates the second rotational shaft . The center of gravity Q of the mirror structure is located in the first rotational shaft and in the second rotational shaft 1. A solar concentrator comprising:a mirror structure that includes a plurality of mirrors;a driving mechanism that directs sunlight which is reflected by the plurality of mirrors of the mirror structure to a predetermined concentrating position; anda supporting base that supports the driving mechanism,wherein a center of gravity of the mirror structure is located between the plurality of mirrors,wherein the driving mechanism includes a first rotational shaft that has a first rotational axis as a central axis and is supported by the supporting base to be rotatable, a first drive device that rotates the first rotational shaft, a second rotational shaft that has the mirror structure fixed thereto, has a second rotational axis which is orthogonal to the first rotational axis as a central axis, and is mounted on the first rotational shaft to be rotatable, and a second drive device that rotates the second rotational shaft, andwherein the center of gravity of the mirror structure is located in the first rotational shaft or in an extension from the first rotational shaft and in the second rotational shaft or in an extension from the second rotational shaft.2. The solar ...

ENERGY RECOVERING EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS A METHOD FOR RECOVERING ENERGY

Disclosed is an energy recovering system having a first pump for pumping a fluid from a first lower level at a first lower potential energy to a second higher level corresponding to a second higher potential energy, and a turbine being located at a third level corresponding to a third potential energy being smaller than said second higher potential energy, wherein the turbine is fluidly connected to the first pump by a connecting pipe such that the fluid can be fed by the first pump via the connecting pipe from the first lower level and via the second higher level to the turbine located at the third level, where the turbine is connected to the first pump in such a way that a recovery-energy recovered from the fluid by passing through the turbine (T) is used for a drive of the concurrently operating first pump. 1112312121231121. An energy recovering equipment , comprising a first pump (P) for pumping a fluid (F) from a first lower level (L) corresponding to a first lower potential energy to a second higher level (L) corresponding to a second higher potential energy , as well as a turbine (T) being located at a third level (L) corresponding to a third potential energy being smaller than said second higher potential energy , wherein the turbine (T) is fluidly connected to the first pump (P) by a connecting pipe () in such a way that , in the operating state , the fluid (F) can be fed by the first pump (P) via the connecting pipe () from the first lower level (L) and via the second higher level (L) to the turbine (T) located at the third level (L) , wherein the turbine (T) is connected to the first pump (P) in such a way that an recovery-energy (ER , ER , ER) recovered from the fluid (F) by passing through the turbine (T) is used for a drive of the concurrently operating first pump (P).21324. The energy recovering equipment in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the first pump (P) and the turbine (T) are fluidly connected via an energy exchange device () being provided at ...

METHOD FOR GENERATING MECHANICAL ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT

A solar energy powered Stirling duplex cooler is presented which includes a Stirling engine and a Stirling cooler. The Stirling engine drives the Stirling cooler to produce cold temperatures for refrigeration or air conditioning. The Stirling duplex cooler includes a solar concentrator to focus high temperature solar radiation upon the Stirling engine expansion space. The Stirling duplex cooler further includes a thermal storage tank to receive and store heat rejected from the cooler expansion space. This stored heat is used to operate the cooler at night. A flywheel connected operatively to engine and cooler expansion space pistons and a crankshaft connected operatively to engine and cooler compression space pistons actuate the pistons to move a working fluid between the expansion and compression spaces. 117- (canceled)18. A method for generating mechanical energy from sunlight , comprising:directing sunlight, with one or more parabolic reflective concentrators, onto an outer surface of a first cylinder of a Stirling engine expansion space containing a first piston and a first gas;heating the first gas by the solar energy, wherein heating the first gas causes the first gas to expand and drive the first piston towards a flywheel operatively connected to the first piston;rotating the flywheel by the first piston in a first direction, until the piston pushes the heated first gas through a first regenerator into a Stirling engine compression space comprising a second cylinder having a second piston, wherein the first regenerator removes heat from the first gas and causes the second piston to translate a crankshaft connected to the second piston towards the flywheel, wherein translating the crankshaft towards the flywheel translates a a third piston connected to the crankshaft into a third cylinder of a Stirling cooler compression space to push a second gas through a second regenerator into a Stirling cooler expansion space and moves a fourth piston through a fourth ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MIRROR STRUCTURE, MIRROR STRUCTURE, LIGHT COLLECTION DEVICE HAVING SAME, HEAT COLLECTION FACILITY, AND SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION FACILITY

A mirror () that reflects solar light, a rear plate () that supports a rear surface of the mirror (), and a support frame () that is disposed on a rear surface of the rear plate () are prepared. Next, the rear plate () and the support frame () are joined to each other. Moreover, an adhesive agent is disposed between the mirror () and the rear plate (), the mirror (), the rear plate (), and the support frame () are elastically deformed so that a reflecting surface of the mirror () forms a target three-dimensional curved surface, using a lower mold () and an upper mold (), and the elastically deformed state is maintained until the adhesive agent is cured.

PIPELINE SYSTEM FOR A SOLAR POWER PLANT

The invention relates to a pipeline system for a linearly concentrating solar power plant () with at least one receiver line (), in which a heat transfer medium is heated by radiating solar energy, or with a central receiver and at least one emptying tank () and/or one store for the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer medium having a vapor pressure of less than 0.5 bar at the maximum operating temperature. Furthermore, a gas displacement system () is comprised, which connects gas spaces in the at least one emptying tank () and/or in the store for the heat transfer medium to one another and which has a central gas store () and/or a central gas connection () and a central exhaust gas outlet (), through which gas can be discharged into the surroundings. 120-. (canceled)21113210531353739. A pipeline system for a solar power plant () , wherein the pipeline system comprises at least one receiver line () , in which a heat transfer medium is heated by radiating solar energy , or a central receiver , and at least one emptying tank () and/or a store for the heat transfer medium , the heat transfer medium having a vapor pressure of less than . bar at the maximum operating temperature , wherein , the pipeline system furthermore comprises a gas displacement system () , which connects gas spaces of containers used in the solar power plant to one another and which has a central gas store () and/or a central gas connection () and a central exhaust gas outlet () , through which gas can be discharged into the surroundings.2237. The pipeline system according to claim 21 , wherein the central gas connection () is assigned a pump claim 21 , by means of which the pressure of the gas can be increased.23. The pipeline system according to claim 21 , wherein the store for the heat transfer medium is a stratified store.24314313. The pipeline system according to claim 21 , wherein the gas displacement system () is connected to a gas pressure system () which is connected to emptying valves ...

System and Method for Generating Steam Using a Solar Power Source in Conjunction with a Geothermal Power Source

Systems and methods for generating electrical power using a solar power system that comprises a pressurized closed loop pipe containing a transfer liquid extending between a solar collector and a heat exchanger. The transfer liquid is heated by the solar collector and gives up its thermal energy at the heat exchange to produce steam. The system also includes a source of geothermal energy and a source of natural gas. The geothermal energy in the form of heat separates the natural gas from the ground water in a separation tank. At the resulting heated ground water from the separation tank is connected to the heat exchanger to supplement thermal energy from the solar collector. 1. A method for generating a liquid vapor comprising:a) heating a closed loop pipe containing a heat transfer liquid having a boiling temperature at one atmosphere of pressure, wherein the pipe is positioned such that concentrated solar energy from the solar collector is focused on a portion of the closed loop pipe thereby heating the transfer liquid to an operating temperature that is above the boiling temperature of the heat transfer liquid at the one atmosphere of pressure;b) pressurizing the closed loop pipe by means of a closed internal chamber, where vapor of the heat transfer liquid can form in an upper section of the chamber but cannot be released, thereby self-regulating the vapor pressure of the heat transfer liquid contained in the closed loop pipe to maintain the heat transfer liquid in its liquid state in the closed loop pipe at the operating temperature;c) extracting thermal energy from the closed loop pipe by means of a heat exchanger with a portion of the closed loop pipe located in the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger including a vapor outlet pipe for liquid vapor;d) connecting a ground source of natural gas and a ground source of thermal energy to a gas/water separation tank;e) separating of ground water from the natural gas by supplying geothermal energy from the ground ...

OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT SINGLE-CRYSTAL CERAMIC RECEIVER TUBES FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER

Disclosed embodiments include solar power receiver tubes for a concentrated solar power receiver having a tube wall that is optically transparent to solar energy. Concentrated solar power systems and methods featuring the use of optically transparent receiver tubes are also disclosed. The optically transparent receiver tube may include a transparent tube wall fabricated from at least one of the following materials; single crystal alumina (synthetic sapphire), aluminum oxynitride, spinel, quartz or magnesium aluminum oxide. 110-. (canceled)11. A concentrated solar power receiver comprising:a receiver housing; anda plurality of transparent receiver tubes operatively associated with the receiver housing; a portion of said receiver tubes being optically transparent to solar energy:,wherein the optically transparent receiver tubes are arranged in one or more arrays of receiver tubes.12. The concentrated solar power receiver of wherein the optically transparent receiver tubes comprise walls comprising at least one of the following materials; single crystal alumina claim 11 , aluminum oxynitride claim 11 , spinel claim 11 , magnesium aluminum oxide and quartz.13. The concentrated solar power receiver of further comprising an antireflection coating applied to one or both of an inner surface and an outer surface of a tube wall of one or more of the transparent receiver tubes.14. The concentrated solar power receiver of further comprising a nanostructured surface to reduce reflection formed in one or both of an inner surface and an outer surface of the tube wall of one or more of the transparent receiver tubes.15. The concentrated solar power receiver of further comprising an absorptive coating operatively associated with an inner surface of the wall of one or more of the transparent receiver tubes claim 11 , which absorptive coating absorbs solar energy.16. The concentrated solar power receiver of wherein the absorptive coating is opaque.17. The concentrated solar power ...

Solar energy powered stirling duplex machine with thermal storage tank

A solar energy powered Stirling duplex cooler is presented which includes a Stirling engine and a Stirling cooler. The Stirling engine drives the Stirling cooler to produce cold temperatures for refrigeration or air conditioning. The Stirling duplex cooler includes a solar concentrator to focus high temperature solar radiation upon the Stirling engine expansion space. The Stirling duplex cooler further includes a thermal storage tank to receive and store heat rejected from the cooler expansion space. This stored heat is used to operate the cooler at night. A flywheel connected operatively to engine and cooler expansion space pistons and a crankshaft connected operatively to engine and cooler compression space pistons actuate the pistons to move a working fluid between the expansion and compression spaces.

Thermal Transpiration Generator System

A thermal transpiration generator system includes a parabolic dish, a secondary reflector receiving solar energy from the parabolic dish, and a carrier tube directing solar energy from the secondary reflector to a thermal transpiration generator. The thermal transpiration generator includes a sealed vacuum container, a horizontally disposed rotatable shaft within the sealed vacuum container, bearings supporting the rotatable shaft, a first set of vanes secured to the rotatable shaft for rotation therewith, a second set of vanes secured to the rotatable shaft for rotation therewith, a high rpm flywheel secured to the shaft between the first and second sets of vanes, an electric generator operatively coupled to the rotatable shaft to be driven by rotation of the rotatable shaft, and a solar energy distribution system for receiving solar energy from the carrier tube and directing light to each of the first and second sets of vanes. 1. A thermal transpiration generator comprising , in combination:a sealed container;a rotatable shaft horizontally disposed within the sealed container;bearings supporting the rotatable shaft within the sealed container;a first set of at least two vanes secured to the rotatable shaft for rotation therewith;a second set of at least two vanes secured to the rotatable shaft for rotation therewith and spaced apart from the first set of at least two vanes along the length of the rotatable shaft;wherein each of the vanes has a light reflecting side and an opposite light absorbing side;an electric generator operatively coupled to the rotatable shaft to be driven by rotation of the rotatable shaft; anda solar energy distribution system for directing light to each of the first and second sets of at least two vanes.2. The thermal transpiration generator according to claim 1 , further comprising a high RPM flywheel secured to the rotatable shaft for rotation therewith.3. The thermal transpiration generator according to claim 2 , wherein the flywheel is ...

POWER GENERATION PLANT INTEGRATING CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER RECEIVER AND PRESSURIZED HEAT EXCHANGER

A power plant includes a solar receiver heating solid particles, a standpipe receiving solid particles from the solar receiver, a pressurized heat exchanger heating working fluid by heat transfer through direct contact with heated solid particles flowing out of the bottom of the standpipe, and a flow path for solid particles from the bottom of the standpipe into the pressurized heat exchanger that is sealed by a pressure P produced at the bottom of the standpipe by a column of heated solid particles of height H. The flow path may include a silo or surge tank comprising a pressure vessel connected to the bottom of the standpipe, and a non-mechanical valve. The power plant may further include a turbine driven by heated working fluid discharged from the pressurized heat exchanger, and a compressor driven by the turbine.

Power generation plant and method of operating a power generation plant

A power generation plant including a solar radiation receiver for heating a medium stream and a turbine assembly being arranged to receive the heated medium stream from the solar radiation receiver, said turbine assembly being coupled to an electric power generator, wherein a combustor is positioned downstream of the solar radiation receiver and upstream of the turbine assembly, an air compressor unit having a compressed air outlet is arranged to supply compressed combustion air to the combustor, and a steam generator is arranged to extract heat from an outlet flow from the turbine assembly, and to produce steam to be transmitted to a medium stream inlet of the solar radiation receiver and subsequently to combustor. The invention also related to a method.

STIRLING ENGINE FOR AN EMISSION-FREE AIRCRAFT

Aircraft with an emission-free drive and method for emission-free driving of an aircraft. The aircraft includes a drive device structured and arranged to generate thrust, a lift device structured and arranged to generate lift, and a heat engine structured and arranged to convert thermal energy into kinetic energy to drive the drive device. The heat engine includes at least one flat-plate Stirling engine drivable by solar thermal radiation. 1. An aircraft with an emission-free drive , comprising:an aircraft thruster structured and arranged to generate thrust;an aircraft lift device structured and arranged to generate lift; anda heat engine, which is structured and arranged to convert thermal energy into kinetic energy to drive the aircraft thruster, comprising at least one flat-plate Stirling engine drivable by solar thermal radiation.2. The aircraft according to claim 1 , wherein the aircraft lift device comprises a wing with an airfoil section structured and arranged to generate lift claim 1 , and the flat-plate Stirling engine is arranged in the wing.3. The aircraft according to claim 1 , the flat-plate Stirling engine comprising:a working chamber filled with a working gas and having a top and an underside and a changeable working volume;a displacer structured and arranged to be moveable in the working chamber between the top and the underside;a regenerator structured and arranged in the working chamber to collect and deliver thermal energy contained in the working gas;a working piston connected to change a working volume of the working chamber;an inertia element structured and arranged in a rotatable manner;a drive structured and arranged to be connectable to the inertia element to drive the aircraft thruster; anda transmission structured and arranged to mechanically couple the displacer and the working piston with the inertia element,wherein the working chamber is located in the aircraft lift device and the working gas is heatable from a top of the aircraft lift ...

SOLAR POWER PLANT COMPRISING A FIRST HEAT TRANSFER CIRCUIT AND A SECOND HEAT TRANSFER CIRCUIT

The invention relates to a solar power plant with a first heat transfer medium circuit and with a second heat transfer medium circuit, in which the first heat transfer medium circuit comprises a store () for hot heat transfer medium and a store () for cold heat transfer medium and also a pipeline system () connecting the stores () for hot heat transfer medium and for cold heat transfer medium and leading through a solar array (), and the second heat transfer medium circuit comprises a pipeline system () connecting the stores () for hot heat transfer medium and for cold heat transfer medium and in which at least one heat exchanger () for the evaporation and superheating of water is accommodated, the at least one heat exchanger () having a region through which the heat transfer medium flows and a region through which water flows, said regions being separated by a heat-conducting wall, so that heat can be transmitted from the heat transfer medium to the water. Each heat exchanger () has a break detection system (), by means of which a possible break of the heat-conducting wall can be detected, and valves () for the closing of supply lines () and outflow lines () for heat transfer medium and water, upon the detection of a break the valves () in the supply lines () and outflow lines () for heat transfer medium and water being closed. 116.-. (canceled)17. A solar power plant with a first heat transfer medium circuit and with a second heat transfer medium circuit , in which the first heat transfer medium circuit comprises a store for hot heat transfer medium and a store for cold heat transfer medium and also a pipeline system connecting the stores for hot heat transfer medium and for cold heat transfer medium and leading through a solar array , and the second heat transfer medium circuit comprises a pipeline system connecting the stores for hot heat transfer medium and for cold heat transfer medium and in which at least one heat exchanger for the evaporation and ...

OPTICAL CONDENSER, ROTATIONAL AXIS SETTING METHOD THEREFOR, AND HEAT COLLECTION APPARATUS AND SOLAR POWER GENERATION APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH OPTICAL CONDENSER

Optical axis vectors indicating a direction of an optical axis of a mirror structure that directs the light from the sun at a plurality of times on a predetermined day to a condensed position are obtained for each of the plurality of times. Next, a cone having generatrices along which direction segments of the optical axis vectors for each of the plurality of times extend is determined, and a cone central axis vector indicating a direction of a central axis of the cone is obtained. A first rotational axis of an optical condenser is set to be parallel to the cone central axis vector. 1. An optical condenser that includes a mirror structure having one or more mirrors and reflects sunlight with the mirrors of the mirror structure to condense the sunlight onto a predetermined condensed position , the optical condenser comprising:a first driving part that turns the mirrors with a first rotational axis as a center, anda second driving part that turns the mirrors with a second rotational axis perpendicular to the first rotational axis as a center,wherein the first rotational axis is set to be parallel to a central axis of a cone drawn by a track of an optical axis of the mirror structure that directs the light from the sun making a diurnal motion to the condensed position.2. The optical condenser according to claim 1 ,wherein reflecting surfaces of the one or more mirrors of the mirror structure form one symmetrical plane of revolution, and a symmetrical axis of revolution of the symmetrical plane of revolution constitutes the optical axis of the mirror structure.3. The optical condenser according to claim 1 , further comprising:an elevation angle changing part that changes an angle of the first rotational axis with respect to a horizontal surface.4. The optical condenser according to claim 3 ,wherein an angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center in the second driving part is within a predetermined angle range on the basis of the ...

SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING RADIANT ENERGY WITH A NON-IMAGING SOLAR CONCENTRATOR

Implementations of a system for collecting radiant energy with a non-imaging solar concentrator are provided. In some implementations, the system may be configured to focus radiant energy striking a plurality of concentric, conical ring-like reflective elements of the non-imaging concentrator onto a receiver positioned thereunder and to rotate and/or pivot the receiver so that at least a portion thereof is always kept within the focal point (or area) of the non-imaging concentrator. Wherein the center of the focal point (or area) is fixed with respect to the ground. In some implementations, the system for collecting radiant energy with a non-imaging solar concentrator may comprise a tracking apparatus configured to support the non-imaging concentrator and position it so that the sun is normal thereto, and a piping system that is configured to transfer concentrated solar energy from the receiver to an absorbing system where the energy is finally utilized. 1. A system for collecting radiant energy comprising:a non-imaging solar concentrator, the solar concentrator comprises a plurality of nested, concentric, conical ring-like reflective elements that are arranged to evenly concentrate incoming solar radiation to a single focal area, each ring-like reflective element has a tilt angle, a width, and includes a reflective surface on an interior side thereof;a receiver configured to be heated by the radiant energy focused thereon by the solar concentrator, the receiver is configured so that at least a portion thereof is always positioned to coincide with the focal area of the solar concentrator; anda tracking apparatus configured to support the solar concentrator and position it so that a top side thereof is perpendicular to the sun;wherein each ring-like reflective element is positioned to not shade the reflective surface of a ring-like reflective element positioned adjacent thereto, to not block sunbeams reflected by the adjacent ring-like reflective element, and to ...

ROBUST LYAPUNOV CONTROLLER FOR UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS

Various examples of systems and methods are provided for Lyapunov control for uncertain systems. In one example, a system includes a process plant and a robust Lyapunov controller configured to control an input of the process plant. The robust Lyapunov controller includes an inner closed loop Lyapunov controller and an outer closed loop error stabilizer. In another example, a method includes monitoring a system output of a process plant; generating an estimated system control input based upon a defined output reference; generating a system control input using the estimated system control input and a compensation term; and adjusting the process plant based upon the system control input to force the system output to track the defined output reference. An inner closed loop Lyapunov controller can generate the estimated system control input and an outer closed loop error stabilizer can generate the system control input. 1. A system , comprising:a process plant; anda robust Lyapunov controller configured to control an input of the process plant, the robust Lyapunov controller comprising an inner closed loop Lyapunov controller and an outer closed loop error stabilizer.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the process plant is a distributed solar collector and the input of the process plant is an inlet fluid flow rate.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the robust Lyapunov controller comprises a nominal model of the process plant configured to generate an estimated output based at least in part upon fixed working conditions of the process plant.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the nominal model is a physical distributed model of the process plant.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the physical distributed model is a bilinear model that approximates the process plant by a low order nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations using dynamical Gaussian interpolation.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the outer closed loop error stabilizer is configured to generate the ...

Dish Receiver System for Solar Power Generation

A solar reflective assembly includes a plurality of reflective segments radially configured to collectively at least partially define a dish-shaped reflector having a center axis, each reflective segment having a generally conical shape and being discontinuous relative to the conical shape of an adjacent reflective segment, and an elongated receiver having a length generally extending in a direction of the center axis. Each reflective segment reflects and focuses sunlight on the receiver along the length of the receiver. 1. A solar reflective assembly comprising:a plurality of reflective segments radially configured to collectively at least partially define a dish-shaped reflector having a center axis, each reflective segment having a generally conical shape and being discontinuous relative to the conical shape of an adjacent reflective segment; andan elongated receiver having a length generally extending in a direction of the center axis;wherein each reflective segment reflects and focuses sunlight on the receiver along the length of the receiver.2. The solar reflective assembly of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises at least one tube configured to carry a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , and wherein each reflective segment reflects and focuses sunlight on the receiver along the length of the receiver to heat the heat transfer fluid.3. The solar reflective assembly of claim 1 , the receiver comprising:a first tube generally extending in a direction of the center axis; anda second tube having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the first tube and located inside the first tube to define an annular space between the first tube and the second tube, the second tube having an open end and configured to carry a heat transfer fluid to the first tube through the open end;wherein the heat transfer fluid is heated in the annular space by the sunlight reflected and focused onto the receiver by the plurality of reflective segments.4. The solar reflective assembly of claim ...

Solar Power Plant

A solar power plant includes a first solar reflective system for heating a first heat transfer fluid and a second solar reflective system configured for heating a second heat transfer fluid. The solar power plant may include an energy storage system having a plurality of stacked compartments, a first heat exchanger carrying the first heat transfer fluid, a second heat exchanger having carrying the second heat transfer fluid, and a third heat transfer fluid in the compartments exchanging heat with the first heat transfer fluid through the first heat exchanger and exchanging heat with the second heat transfer fluid through the second heat exchanger. The solar power plant may include a receiver system having an enclosure for holding a fourth heat transfer fluid, and a receiver in the enclosure and at least partially submerged in the fourth heat transfer fluid, the receiver including a plurality of tubes carrying the first heat transfer fluid. 1. An energy storage system comprising:a plurality of stacked compartments;a first heat exchanger having an first heat exchanger input in an upper compartment of the plurality of stacked compartments, a first heat exchanger output in a lower compartment of the plurality of compartments, and a first heat exchanger body located proximate to a lower perimeter portion of each compartment of the plurality of stacked compartments, the first heat exchanger carrying a first heat transfer fluid from the first heat exchanger input to the first heat exchanger output through the first heat exchanger body;a second heat exchanger having a second heat exchanger input in an upper compartment of the plurality of compartments, a second heat exchanger output in a lower compartment of the plurality of compartments, and a second heat exchanger body located proximate to a lower perimeter portion of each compartment of the plurality of stacked compartments, the second heat exchanger carrying a second heat transfer fluid from the second heat exchanger ...

Geothermal assisted power generation

In a coal fired power plant ( 17 ) incorporating a feed-water heater ( 10 ), energy is provided to the feed-water heater by pumping geothermal hot water through supply and return pipes ( 15, 16 ) from a geothermal reservoir ( 14 ) located beneath an adjacent coal seam ( 19 ). The coal seam acts as an insulating layer, increasing the temperature of the geothermal reservoir ( 14 ). Solar heat collectors ( 21 ) and ( 25 ) can also be provided to boost the temperature of the geothermal hot water and/or the feed water.

Multi-Functional Solar Combined Heat and Power System

A solar combined heat and power system is provided. The system is multi-functional. Saturated steam and organic vapor are provided to steam and organic Rankine cycle power generators by concentrating solar radiation to solar power thermal energy storage container. Thermoelectric generator chips and solar cells are run at an optimum temperature for generating extra power. A hot water storage tank is used to generate hot water by absorbing latent heat on condense process or by absorbing surplus heat from water or organic fluid when power generators stop. Thus, the present invention improves solar energy usage effectiveness, and provides heat and power with high efficiency. 1. A multi-functional solar combined heat and power system , comprisinga plurality of heliostat-dish solar concentrators, said concentrators; a container body; and', 'a container supporting frame located at bottom of said container body;, 'a solar power thermal energy storage container, said container being located in the center of the clustered said concentrators so that said concentrators surround said container, said container comprising'}a steam Rankine cycle power generator, said steam cycle being connected with said container;an organic Rankine cycle generator, said organic cycle being connected with said container; anda hot water storage tank, said water tank being connected with said steam cycle and said organic cycle.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein said container body has two portions on the surface of said container body and said two portions comprises an upper portion and a lower portion;wherein said upper portion is covered solar cells and said lower portion is coated with selective heat-absorption film;wherein selective heat-absorption film said film has high-enthalpy chamber inside; andwherein said high-enthalpy chamber is loaded with a high-enthalpy medium.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein said container body has chambers inside and said chambers comprises ...

ELECTRICITY-GENERATING SYSTEM USING SOLAR HEAT ENERGY

Disclosed is an electricity-generating system using solar heat energy. The electricity-generating system concentrates solar heat during the daylight hours through a condenser lens at a collector lens, heats a heat storage medium and steam in a latent heat state through the collector lens so as to produce a sensible heat state, drives a generator using the discharge of steam pressure, and in the remaining time, heats the latent heat steam in a heat storage tank in which the heat storage medium is contained so as to drive the generator and generate electricity. 1111211111011131230114040135051523053605150306170602070525030704030105152516154705254405254705154aabaabcbd. An electricity-generating system using solar heat energy comprises: a fixed body () in the form of a mesh net having mesh openings, which has a spherically-shaped top portion extending above the ground; a condenser lens () coupled to each of the mesh openings of the fixed body (), which focuses sunlight at the bottom portion of the fixed body (); a condenser unit () installed at the bottom portion of the fixed body (), which includes a collector lens () that increases the concentration of energy focused through the condenser lens () and transfers heat to the bottom of the body thereof; a heat storage tank () combined with the bottom portion of the fixed body (), which has a heat storage medium () filled inside the body thereof, and which heats and stores the heat storage medium () by means of heat energy transferred through the collector lens (); a circulation conduit () which has an upper plate-shaped coiled tube () and a lower coiled circulation tube (), which is stacked and contained in the heat storage tank (), and which selectively moves steam to each component through the operation of a valve of a circulation pump (); a generator () for generating electricity when steam in the upper plate-shaped coil tube () of the circulation conduit () is heated and converted to a sensible heat state in the heat ...

MULTI-THERMAL STORAGE UNIT SYSTEMS, FLUID FLOW CONTROL DEVICES, AND LOW PRESSURE SOLAR RECEIVERS FOR SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS, AND RELATED COMPONENTS AND USES THEREOF

Inventive concentrated solar power systems using solar receivers, and related devices and methods, are generally described. 1. A solar receiver comprising:a low pressure fluid chamber configured for operating at pressures up to 2 atmospheres, and comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and an opening for receiving concentrated solar radiation;a solar absorber housed within the low pressure fluid chamber; anda plurality of transparent objects that define a segmented wall of the low pressure fluid chamber;wherein concentrated solar radiation received through the opening passes through the segmented wall and between transparent objects to pass into the low pressure fluid chamber and impinges upon the solar absorber.2. The solar receiver of claim 1 , wherein the low pressure fluid chamber defines a fluid flow path from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet claim 1 ,wherein, between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the fluid flow path extends across at least a portion of the transparent object and through one or more passages within the solar absorber.3. The solar receiver of or claim 1 ,wherein the plurality of transparent objects are configured such that when the pressure within the low pressure fluid chamber is lower than the environmental pressure surrounding the solar receiver, a fluid surrounding the solar receiver is drawn into the low pressure fluid chamber through gaps between transparent objects of the plurality.4. The solar receiver of claim 3 , wherein the low pressure fluid chamber is configured such that the fluid that is drawn into the low pressure fluid chamber through gaps between transparent objects of the plurality enters the fluid flow path.54. The solar receiver of any one of - claims 1 , wherein the low pressure fluid chamber is configured for operating at pressures below atmospheric.6. A solar receiver comprising:a low pressure fluid chamber configured for operating at pressures up to 2 atmospheres, and comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet ...

POWER GENERATING USING LAVA LAMP SYSTEM

A convective power generation device is described based on thermal convection and thermal input energy. The energy generation device operates by heating wax and oil by heat from a solar concentrator or geothermal energy; as the weight of the wax becomes liquid that is lighter than the oil, the liquid wax moves up through a pathway; when the liquid wax reaches the top of the pathway, the cooler wax falls towards collecting cups mounted to a continuous belt and forces the belt downward to rotate the belt; when a collector cup of wax reaches the bottom of belt rotation, the wax falls to a reservoir; and the rotation of the belt drives a gearbox, which drives a generator to produce electric power. The convective power generation device has been shown to have higher energy conversion efficiency than photovoltaics. 2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a solar concentrator that concentrates solar energy into heat as the heat source.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the collecting cups have a curved shape.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the bottom rolling device is the gearbox.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein a bottom of the tank is tilted such that the wax slides towards a lower heated side of the tank.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the underside of the belt does not contact the oil and liquid wax.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the generator has a rated speed of about 1750 rpm.8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising check valves located in the pathway to control the direction of movement of the liquid wax up through the pathway.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the tank is rectangular claim 1 , inner corners of the tank are rounded claim 1 , and walls of the tank are coated with a low friction material.10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an insulation material on a wall of the tank that is parallel to the metal plate and substantially extending the length of the metal plate along the direction of movement of the liquid wax.12. The ...

SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM

A steam condensation and water distillation system comprises an evaporation compartment in a vacuum environment in which a water source is evaporated and at least one first column in which high density water is accumulated; a steam line partly located in the evaporation compartment; a condensation pool in which steam is transferred; a condensation compartment in a vacuum environment in which steam in the evaporation compartment is transferred, a second column in which water formed by the condensation of the steam is accumulated, and a water compartment which is provided with an amount of water therein, in which condensation compartment is positioned; a first water line which is in connection with the water compartment and the second column, and by which the water coming from them are transferred to the water compartment again by being cooled; a second water line by which water is transferred for using. 1. A solar energy system comprising:a liquid source;a thermal unit in which liquid taken from the liquid source is evaporated by heating via solar energy;a transfer element configured to transfer the liquid from the liquid source;a heat storage unit comprising a plurality of compartments, wherein the heat storage unit is configured to transfer steam from the thermal unit and is configured to store heat by absorption of heat of the steam, and wherein the heat storage unit is configured to evaporate the liquid passed through the heat storage unit, the liquid evaporated using the heat stored in the heat storage unit;a generator configured to produce a motional energy via steam energy when the steam produced in the thermal unit or in the heat storage unit is transferred therethrough; anda plurality of vanes which control transfer of the steam originated from the thermal unit selectively to the heat storage unit or to the generator.2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said heat storage unit comprises an inlet and an outlet.3. A system according to claim 1 , wherein ...

METHOD FOR THE GENERATION OF POWER

Disclosed herein is a method comprising heating a strontium-containing compound using radiation in a first reactor; decomposing the strontium-containing compound into an oxide and carbon dioxide as a result of heat generated by the exposure to the radiation; reacting the oxide and the carbon dioxide in a second reactor; where the oxide and carbon dioxide react to produce heat; heating a working fluid using the heat produced in the second reactor; and driving a turbine with the heated working fluid to generate energy. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising strontium carbonate; and strontium zirconate; where the mass ratio of strontium carbonate to strontium zirconate 2:8 to 8:2. 1. A method comprising:heating a strontium-containing compound using radiation or waste heat in a first reactor;decomposing the strontium-containing compound into an oxide and carbon dioxide as a result of heat generated by the exposure to the radiation;reacting the oxide and the carbon dioxide in a second reactor; where the oxide and carbon dioxide react to produce heat;heating a working fluid using the heat produced in the second reactor; anddriving an energy generator with the heated working fluid to generate energy.2. The method of claim 1 , where the radiation is solar radiation.3. The method of claim 1 , where the radiation is visible and/or infrared radiation.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising discharging the oxide and carbon dioxide to separate storage chambers prior to charging the oxide and the carbon dioxide to the second reactor.5. The method of claim 1 , where a temperature in the second reactor is 800 to 2000° C.6. The method of claim 1 , where the working fluid is water.7. The method of claim 1 , where the working fluid is air.8. The method of claim 1 , where the turbine is in communication with a generator.9. The method of claim 1 , where the turbine and generator are operated using a Brayton-Rankine cycle.10. The method of claim 1 , where the strontium- ...

SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

A solar power system having a heat exchanger, a heat-focusing mirror used to receive sunlight, a turbine generator, and a battery coupled to the turbine generator is provided. The heat exchanger has a first guiding channel for a first heat-exchange fluid and a second guiding channel for a second heat-exchange fluid. Sunlight is focused to the first heat-exchange fluid flow in the first guiding channel by the heat-focusing mirror. One end of the turbine generator is communicated with the outlet of the second guiding channel. The second heat-exchange fluid is suitable for driving the turbine generator to produce an electric power, and the electric power can be stored into the battery. 1. A solar power system , suitable for converting sunlight to an electric power , comprising:a heat exchanger, including at least a first fin and at least a second fin,wherein each first fin has a first body, multiple first heat-exchange structures, and multiple first connecting structures, the first heat-exchange structures and the first connecting structures are configured with interval in the first body along a disposing axis, each first heat-exchange structure has multiple first heat-exchange units arranged in the first body along a connecting axis, each first connecting structure has multiple first connecting units arranged in the first body along the connecting axis;wherein each second fin has a second body, multiple second heat-exchange structures and multiple second connecting structures, the second heat-exchange structures and the second connecting structures are configured with interval in the second body along the disposing axis, each second heat-exchange structure has multiple second heat-exchange units arranged in the second body along the connecting axis, each second connecting structure has multiple second connecting units arranged in the second body along the connecting axis;wherein each first fin and each second fin are connected along a assembly axis, the second ...

RADIATION THERMAL ABSORBER BASED ON CHARACTERISTIC ABSORPTION SPECTRUM, AND STIRLING ENGINE AND OPERATION METHOD THEREOF

A radiation thermal absorber based on characteristic absorption spectrum, a Stirling engine and an operation method thereof. The radiation thermal absorber allows working gas in the Stirling engine to absorb radiation heat quickly, and help the Stirling engine adopt assistant heating to ensure steady operation when solar power is not enough. The radiation thermal absorber includes a heater base, a radiation energy conversion device, heating tubes, a combustion chamber and valves of the heating tubes. The radiation energy conversion device converts the solar energy into radiation energy near a characteristic absorption peak of the working gas, and the working gas absorbs the radiation directly in depth. 1. A radiation thermal absorber based on characteristic absorption spectrum , comprising:a heater base,a radiation energy conversion device positioned on an upper end of the heater base and of an expansion chamber of a Stirling engine,heater tubes,a combustion chamber located around the heater tubes and providing heat needed by the heater tubes, andvalves of the heating tubes, wherein the heater tubes are connected to the valves of the heating tubes, the valves of the heating tube are connected to the heater base, the heater base has a first pore structure, a second pore structure, and a third pore structure, the second pore structure is positioned on a connection place between the heater base and the expansion chamber, the first pore structure is positioned on a connection place between the heater base and a regenerator, and the third pore structure is positioned on a connection place between the expansion chamber and the regenerator and is close to an upper surface of the heater base.2. The radiation thermal absorber based on characteristic absorption spectrum according to claim 1 , wherein the radiation energy conversion device is made from semiconductor or metal claim 1 , and includes a radiation receiver claim 1 , an intermediate layer and a radiation emitter ...

Method and apparatus for solar power generation through gas volumetric heat absorption based on characteristic absorption spectrum

The present application discloses a method and an apparatus for solar power generation through gas volumetric heat absorption based on characteristic absorption spectrum. A radiation energy conversion device absorbs concentrated solar radiation and converts radiation energy into thermal energy; the thermal energy is transferred to the other side of the radiation energy conversion device and then is converted into radiation energy; and the energy is transferred in a receiver cavity. The working gas from the outlet of a recuperator flows into the receiver cavity and absorbs the radiation energy. The heated working gas with high temperature flows into a turbine, doing shaft work through expansion. The expanded working gas flows through the recuperator to exchange heat. The working gas flows into a cooler, a compressor and the recuperator in sequence, and then flows into a receiver cavity to be heated volumetrically, completing a thermal power cycle.

SYSTEM AND METHOD USING SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY FOR POWER, COGENERATION AND/OR POLY-GENERATION USING SUPERCRITICAL BRAYTON CYCLES

Methods of operating a supercritical Brayton cycle integrated with another cycle for power, cogeneration, or poly-generation using solar energy as a main source of energy. A system includes a supercritical COBrayton cycle as a topping cycle and any one or more of a power cycle, a cooling cycle, a steam production cycle, and a water desalination cycle as a lower cycle. When not enough solar irradiation is available to power the combined cycle, the lower cycle is only operated or both part of the topping cycle as well as the lower cycle through the solar thermal energy and/or the stored thermal energy. 1. A solar thermal energy generation system , comprising:a solar receiver connected to a hot storage tank and a cold storage tank by a first fluid loop, wherein the first fluid loop is in thermal contact with a first heat exchanger;a first energy generation system in the form of a supercritical Brayton cycle comprising a second fluid loop, a first compressor, an optional second compressor, a first turbine, an optional second turbine, a low thermal recuperator, a high thermal recuperator and a pre-cooler, wherein the second fluid loop is in thermal contact with the first heat exchanger, the low thermal recuperator and the high thermal recuperator,a second energy generation system comprising a third fluid loop, a third turbine, a fourth turbine, the low thermal recuperator, the high thermal recuperator, a pump and a condenser, wherein the third fluid loop is in thermal contact with the low thermal recuperator and the high thermal recuperator, connected to an integration loop the first heat exchanger,wherein the first and second energy generation systems are thermally connected by an integration fluid loop in thermal contact with the first heat exchanger, the low thermal recuperator and the high thermal recuperator.2. The solar thermal energy generation system of claim 1 , wherein the second fluid loop comprises CO.3. The solar thermal energy generation system of claim 1 , ...

Concentrating Solar Power Methods and Systems with Liquid-Solid Phase Change Material for Heat Transfer

Concentrating solar power systems and methods featuring the use of a solid-liquid phase change heat transfer material (HTM). The systems and methods include a solar receiver to heat and melt a quantity of solid HTM. Systems also include a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the solar receiver providing for heat exchange between the liquid HTM and the working fluid of a power generation block. The systems and methods also include a hot storage tank in communication with the solar receiver and the heat exchanger. The hot storage tank is configured to receive a portion of the liquid HTM from the solar receiver for direct storage as a thermal energy storage medium. Thus, the system features the use of a phase change HTM functioning as both a heat transfer medium and a thermal energy storage medium. 1. A concentrating solar power system comprising:a solid-liquid phase change heat transfer material;a solar receiver configured to receive concentrated solar flux to heat a quantity of the solid heat transfer material and cause at least a portion of the solid heat transfer material to melt to a liquid heat transfer material;a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the solar receiver, the heat exchanger receiving liquid heat transfer material, and providing for heat exchange between the liquid heat transfer material and a working fluid of a power cycle, the heat exchanger further providing for the solidification of the liquid heat transfer material;a material transport system providing for transportation of solid heat transfer material from the heat exchanger to the solar receiver; anda hot storage tank in fluid communication with the solar receiver and the heat exchanger, the hot storage tank providing for thermal energy storage using the liquid heat transfer material as a thermal energy storage medium.2. The system of further comprising a cold storage tank in mechanical or fluid communication with the solidification stage and the solar receiver claim 1 , the cold ...

Solar cooling, heating and power system

A solar energy driven power generation system includes a solar energy receiver configured to collect solar energy. A vapor generator is operably connected to the solar energy receiver. A vapor turbine is operably connected to the vapor generator and is configured to be driven by a flow of vapor from the vapor generator. An electrical power generator is operably connected to the vapor turbine and driven thereby. A thermal conditioning system is operably connected to the vapor turbine and is driven by a flow of output vapor or hot liquid from the vapor turbine. A method of power generation includes collecting solar thermal energy and generating vapor utilizing the solar thermal energy. A vapor turbine is driven by the vapor and electrical power is produced via the rotation of the vapor turbine. Output vapor from the vapor turbine is utilized to drive a thermal conditioning system.

HYBRID RECEIVER-COMBUSTOR

A hybrid receiver-combustor () for capturing heat energy from a solar source and a fuel source. The hybrid receiver-combustor () includes a vessel () for acting both as a combustion furnace and as a solar receiver, and a plurality of burners () for combusting an oxidant stream, such as an air stream, and a fuel stream. The vessel () includes a casing () defining a cavity () having an aperture () for receiving the concentrated solar radiation from the solar source. The cavity () provides a chamber defining a zone () which can function as a combustion zone for production of heat energy through a combustion process using the fuel and into which concentrated solar radiation can be received from the solar source through the aperture (). A heat energy absorber () configured as a heat exchanger is provided to receive heat energy from concentrated solar radiation entering the cavity () through the aperture () and from combustion within the cavity. A fluidic seal system () is associated with the aperture () and is operable to establish a fluidic seal to restrict fluid flow through the aperture () during the combustion process. The fluidic seal comprises exhaust gas from the combustion process within the cavity (). 1. A hybrid receiver-combustor for capturing heat energy from a solar source and a fuel source , the hybrid receiver-combustor comprising:a chamber operable as a combustion zone for production of heat energy through a combustion process using the fuel source;the chamber having an aperture through which concentrated solar can be received; anda fluidic seal system associated with the aperture, the fluidic seal system being operable to establish a fluidic seal for restricting fluid flow through the aperture during the combustion process.2. The hybrid receiver-combustor according to wherein the fluidic seal comprises exhaust gas from the combustion process.3. The hybrid receiver-combustor of wherein the fluidic seal comprises an exhaust gas curtain.4. The hybrid ...

SOLAR ENERGY POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

Disclosed is a solar energy power generation system capable of effectively collecting solar energy resulting in high electricity generation efficiency. The solar energy power generation system includes a solar energy collector configured to collect solar heat and to convert an energy absorption medium into a gaseous state, a steam turbine configured to generate kinetic energy using the energy absorption medium in the gaseous state generated in the solar energy collector, a generator configured to convert the kinetic energy generated in the steam turbine into electric energy, a condenser configured to cool the energy absorption medium in the gaseous state discharged from the steam turbine into a liquid state, and a circulation pump configured to pump the energy absorption medium in the liquid state cooled by the condenser toward the solar energy collector. The solar energy collector includes a solar energy collection pipe having an absorption medium flow path for allowing the energy absorption medium to flow therethrough, and at least one lens configured to concentrate solar energy on the solar energy collection pipe. 1. A solar energy power generation system , comprising:a solar energy collector configured to collect solar energy and to convert an energy absorption medium into a gaseous state;a steam turbine configured to generate kinetic energy using the energy absorption medium in the gaseous state generated in the solar energy collector;a generator configured to convert the kinetic energy generated in the steam turbine into electric energy;a condenser configured to cool the energy absorption medium in the gaseous state discharged from the steam turbine into a liquid state; anda circulation pump configured to pump the energy absorption medium in the liquid state cooled by the condenser toward the solar energy collector,wherein the solar energy collector includes a solar energy collection pipe having an absorption medium flow path for allowing the energy absorption ...

SOLAR CONCENTRATOR, SOLAR RECEIVER AND THERMAL STORAGE

A solar concentrator () comprising: a base (); a framework (), the framework () being hingedly joined to the base () such that the framework () can be rotated relative to the base (); and a plurality of mirrors () arranged relative to a first axis () of the framework (), such that all of the mirrors () are located on one side of a plane which contains the first axis (), each mirror being fixed to the framework () and each mirror being arranged to reflect light travelling parallel to the first axis () towards a common focus which lies on the first axis (). 112.-. (canceled)13. A solar concentrator comprising:a base;a framework, the framework being hingedly joined to the base such that the framework can be rotated relative to the base; anda plurality of mirrors arranged relative to a first axis of the framework, each mirror being fixed to the framework and each mirror being arranged to reflect light travelling parallel to the first axis towards a common focus which lies on the first axis,the mirrors being arranged such that the first axis can be directed substantially towards the horizon of a ground plane by rotating the framework relative to the base while the base is rested on that ground plane, wherein the framework is hingedly joined to the base such that the framework can be rotated around a second axis other than the first axis, the second axis being coincident with the common focus.14. A solar concentrator comprising:a base;a framework, the framework being hingedly joined to the base such that the framework can be rotated relative to the base; anda plurality of mirrors arranged relative to a first axis of the framework, such that a majority of the area of the reflective surfaces of the mirrors is located on one side of a plane which contains the first axis, each mirror being fixed to the framework and each mirror being arranged to reflect light travelling parallel to the first axis towards a common focus which lies on the first axis, wherein the framework is ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DECREASING EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

Methods and systems for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from a coal-fired power plant by using electrical energy from a renewable energy source to increase the energy density in a beneficiated coal are provided. The system includes at least one renewable energy source; a coal processing plant, wherein the renewable energy source is configured to power a coal beneficiation process; and a coal-fired power plant to combust beneficiated coal to produce electricity on demand with decreased emissions. The non-carbon thermal energy source may include solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, waste energy and combinations of the foregoing. 1. A system for reducing the amount of electricity needed in a coal-fired power plant to beneficiate and reduce the moisture content of coal by using thermal energy from a non-carbon source and increase the energy density of coal prior to combustion comprising:at least one non-carbon thermal energy source;a coal processing plant configured to reduce the moisture content of coal and produce an increased energy density beneficiated coal, wherein said at least one non-carbon thermal energy source is used to reduce an electrical need of the coal processing plant; anda coal-fired power plant configured to combust the increased energy density beneficiated coal thereby producing electricity on demand at an increased efficiency with reduced carbon dioxide emissions from the plant.229.-. (canceled)30. The system of wherein the non-carbon thermal energy source is selected from a solar thermal energy source claim 1 , a geothermal energy source claim 1 , a biomass energy source and combinations of the foregoing.31. The system of further comprising thermal energy from a fossil fuel combustor integrated with the at least one non-carbon thermal energy source and configured to supplement the at least one non-carbon thermal energy source.32. The system of wherein a location of the coal processing plant is selected from a coal mine claim 1 , a coal ...

Solar Heat Boiler and Solar Heat Electric Power Generation Plant

A solar heat boiler is provided which is capable of avoiding damage to heat transfer tubes without increasing facility cost and construction cost. The solar heat boiler includes: a low-temperature heating device by which water supplied from a water supply pump is heated by heat of sunlight; a steam-water separation device by which two-phase fluid of water and steam generated in the low-temperature heating device is separated into water and steam; a high-temperature heating device by which the steam separated by the steam-water separation device is heated by the heat of sunlight; and a circulation pump by which the water separated by the steam-water separation device is supplied to the low-temperature heating device. 120-. (canceled)21. A solar heat boiler , comprising:a low-temperature heating device including a heat transfer tube which is disposed horizontally so that water supplied from a water supply pump can circulate through the heat transfer tube, and a reflecting mirror which collects sunlight in the heat transfer tube, so that the low-temperature heating device can heat the water by heat of the sunlight;a steam-water separation device by which two-phase fluid of water and steam generated in the low-temperature heating device is separated into water and steam;a high-temperature heating device by which the steam separated by the steam-water separation device is superheated by heat of sunlight; anda circulating pump by which the water separated by the steam-water separation device is supplied to the low-temperature heating device.22. A solar heat boiler according to claim 21 , wherein:the low-temperature heating device, the steam-water separation device and the circulating pump are placed on or near a ground surface, and the high-temperature heating device is placed in a higher site than the low-temperature heating device and the steam-water separation device; anda water level gauge which measures a water level in the steam-water separation device, a water ...

SOLAR COMBINED CYCLE POWER SYSTEMS

Provided is a combined cycle power system including at least one solar power plant including a concentrating dish configured to concentrate solar radiation; a solar receiver disposed and configured to utilize concentrated solar radiation for heating a first working fluid, and a first turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated first working fluid, and at least one recovery power plant including a heat recovery unit configured for utilizing exhaust heat of the first turbine to heat a second working fluid, and a second turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated second working fluid. 124.-. (canceled)25. A combined cycle power system , comprising: a concentrating dish configured to concentrate solar radiation,', 'a solar receiver disposed and configured to utilize concentrated solar radiation for heating a first working fluid, and', 'a first turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated first working fluid; and, 'at least one solar power plant comprising'} a heat recovery unit configured for utilizing exhaust heat of said first turbine to heat a second working fluid, and', 'a second turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated second working fluid., 'at least one recovery power plant comprising'}26. The system according to claim 25 , wherein said heat recovery unit further comprises a heat transfer fluid configured to transfer said exhaust heat from said solar power plant to said recovery power plant.27. The system according to claim 25 , wherein said solar power plant is a Brayton-cycle plant.28. The system according to claim 25 , wherein said recovery power plant is a Rankine-cycle plant.29. The system according to claim 25 , being configured to introduce said exhaust heat into at least one heat exchanger.30. The system according to claim 29 , being further configured to utilize residual heat exiting said at least one heat ...

COMBINED SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar thermal power generation equipment, and discloses a combined solar thermal power generation system. The system comprises a parabolic trough collector subsystem, a heat exchanger subsystem, a Rankine cycle power generation subsystem and a dish power generation subsystem; the parabolic trough collector subsystem comprises a trough-type mirror field, a pump and a valve; the heat exchanger subsystem comprises a superheater, an evaporator and a preheater; the Rankine cycle power generation subsystem comprises a temperature-decreased pressure reducer, a steam turbine, an electric generator, a condenser, a condensate pump, a deaerator and a feedwater pump; and the dish power generation subsystem comprises a dish-type mirror field and a Stirling engine set. The system utilizes the heat released by the cold chamber of the Stirling engine by condensed fluid of the Rankine cycle. It provides an extra heat source for the Rankine cycle, which increases the power of the steam turbine and improves the solar to electric efficiency of the thermal power generation system. 1. A combined solar thermal power generation system , comprising:a parabolic trough collector subsystem, a heat exchanger subsystem, a Rankine cycle power generation subsystem and a dish power generation subsystem;said parabolic trough collector subsystem comprises a trough-type mirror field, a pump and a valve, one end of said trough-type mirror field is connected to said pump and the other end of said trough-type mirror field is connected to said valve;said heat exchanger subsystem comprises a superheater, an evaporator and a preheater, said superheater is successively connected to said evaporator and said preheater, and also is connected to said pump, and said preheater is connected to said valve;said Rankine cycle power generation subsystem comprises a temperature-decreased pressure reducer, a steam turbine, an electric generator, a condenser, a condensate ...

POWER PLANT SYSTEM

The power plant system includes a molten salt reactor assembly, a thermocline unit, phase change heat exchangers, and process heat systems. The thermocline unit includes an insulated tank, an initial inlet, a plurality of zone outlets, and a plurality of gradient zones corresponding to each zone outlet and being stacked in the tank. Each gradient zone has a molten salt portion at a portion temperature corresponding to the molten salt supply from the molten salt reactor being stored in the tank and stratified. The molten salt portions at higher portion temperatures generate thermal energy for process heat systems that require higher temperatures, and molten salt portions at lower portion temperatures generate thermal energy for process heat systems that require lower temperatures. The system continuously pumps the molten salt supply in controlled rates to deliver the heat exchange fluid supply to perform work in the corresponding particular process heat system. 1. A method for thermal energy , the method comprising the steps of:generating a molten heat supply at a first temperature from a source comprised of an outlet;flowing said molten heat supply to a thermocline unit, an insulated tank with a top end and a bottom end;', 'an initial inlet in fluid connection with said source outlet; and', 'a plurality of gradient zones within said insulated tank, said gradient zones being stacked from said bottom end to said top end;, 'wherein said thermocline unit comprisesstratifying said molten heat supply within said thermocline unit so as to form a plurality of molten heat portions, each molten heat portion having a portion temperature and a corresponding gradient zone,wherein each portion temperature of a corresponding gradient zone is higher than a respective portion temperature of the respective gradient zone stacked under said corresponding gradient zone;flowing said molten heat portions in respective gradient zones to a respective phase change heat exchanger of a ...

POWER PLANT SYSTEM

The power plant system includes a molten salt reactor assembly, a thermocline unit, phase change heat exchangers, and process heat systems. The thermocline unit includes an insulated tank, an initial inlet, a plurality of zone outlets, and a plurality of gradient zones corresponding to each zone outlet and being stacked in the tank. Each gradient zone has a molten salt portion at a portion temperature corresponding to the molten salt supply from the molten salt reactor being stored in the tank and stratified. The molten salt portions at higher portion temperatures generate thermal energy for process heat systems that require higher temperatures, and molten salt portions at lower portion temperatures generate thermal energy for process heat systems that require lower temperatures. The system continuously pumps the molten salt supply in controlled rates to deliver the heat exchange fluid supply to perform work in the corresponding particular process heat system. 1. A power plant system , comprising:a molten salt reactor assembly having a molten salt supply at a first temperature and being comprised of a molten salt outlet and a salt return line;a thermocline unit being in fluid connection with said molten salt reactor assembly, an insulated tank with a top end and a bottom end;', 'an initial inlet in fluid connection with said molten salt outlet of said molten salt reactor assembly; and', 'a plurality of gradient zones within said insulated tank, said gradient zones being stacked between said top end and said bottom end;, 'wherein said thermocline unit compriseswherein each gradient zone has a molten salt portion at a portion temperature;a plurality of phase change heat exchangers, each phase change heat exchanger being in fluid connection with a corresponding gradient zone,wherein each phase change heat exchanger is in fluid connection with an adjacent phase change heat exchanger and said molten salt reactor assembly, a salt intake; and', 'a heat exchange fluid ...

HIGH-POWER TOWER RECEIVER CONFIGURATION

A receiver with a configuration of saturated and superheated steam solar modules in a tower solar concentration power plant. The configuration allows the incidence of radiation on both sides of the superheated steam module, providing significant benefits for its durability and global control of the power plant. 114-. (canceled)15. A high-power tower receiver configuration , used in tower solar plants that have heliostat fields located around said tower receiver , which configuration comprises one or more areas , each area constituted at least by one central module and at least one peripheral module , each module having at least one panel exposed to the incidence of radiation reflected by at least one of the heliostats , the central module panels being only saturated steam panels , and the peripheral module panels being only superheated steam panels with a front side and a back side , each peripheral module being arranged at a certain angle with respect to an adjacent central module , such that , within a given area , each peripheral module receives radiation from the heliostats on both the front and back sides.16. The high-power tower receiver configuration in accordance with claim 15 , wherein the central modules and the peripheral modules are mutually independent.17. The high-power tower receiver configuration in accordance with claim 15 , wherein each peripheral module is located at a border between two adjacent areas.18. The high-power tower receiver configuration in accordance with claim 15 , wherein the tower receiver includes a plurality of areas and each central module is oriented perpendicularly with respect to a corresponding central module in an adjacent area.19. The high-power tower receiver configuration in accordance with claim 15 , wherein at least one of the central and peripheral modules comprise a plurality of panels.20. The high-power tower receiver configuration in accordance with claim 15 , wherein the panels each comprise horizontal or vertical ...

SOLAR LIGHT COLLECTING MIRROR AND SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM HAVING SOLAR LIGHT COLLECTING MIRROR

A solar light collecting mirror is configured such that a protruding section of a substrate, using as a reference position the position of an inscribed circle in a reflective section, impels the rear surface of the reflective section further on the outside in the radial direction than the reference position. As a result, the surface of the reflective section further on the outside in the radial direction than the reference position bends towards the surface side in the Z direction. 1. A solar light collecting mirror comprising:a polygonal deformable reflective section; anda polygonal base board,wherein the base board includes a protruding section configured to bias a back surface of the reflective section at a radial direction outside of a reference position defined by a position of an inscribed circle of the reflective section, whereby a front surface of the reflective section at a radial direction outside of the reference position is configured to curve toward the front surface side in a Z direction.2. The solar light collecting mirror described in claim 1 , wherein the central portion of the reflective section is positionally fixed in an X direction and a Y direction of the reflective section claim 1 , a relative position in a Z direction between the central portion of the reflective section and the peripheral portion of the reflective section is changeable claim 1 , the peripheral portion of the reflective section is not positionally fixed in the X direction and the Y direction claim 1 , and the reflective section is configured to deform elastically so as to change the relative position in the Z direction between the central portion and the peripheral portion claim 1 , thereby obtaining a concave mirror structure.3. The solar light collecting mirror described in claim 1 , wherein an amount of protrusion in the protruding section is made adjustable.4. The solar light collecting mirror described in claim 2 , wherein the solar light collecting mirror includes an ...

CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANT WITH INDEPENDENT SUPERHEATER

Steam can be generated using insolation by a solar collection system. A thermal storage system can store enthalpy in insolation-generated steam at times and can generate steam from stored enthalpy at other times. During some operating periods, a gas-fired superheater can further heat the generated steam to provide superheated steam to generate electricity. Steam at a substantially uniform electricity generating temperature may be produced selectively and at different operating periods from insolation only, from insolation and gas firing, from transfer of enthalpy from a thermal storage system and gas firing, or from a combination of insolation, stored enthalpy transfer, and gas firing. Operating periods can be characterized by at least one of an insolation level, a time of day, or a stage in the operation process. The generated steam can be used in the production of electricity. 1. A system for generating electricity using insolation , comprising:a solar collection system constructed to convert solar insolation to thermal energy and transfer the thermal energy to water or water vapor conveyed therethrough to generate superheated steam;a thermal energy storage system including at least first and second thermal storage reservoirs configured to store a thermal energy storage fluid comprising at least one of a molten salt and a molten metal and to transfer therefrom enthalpy to water or steam from a supply thereof;an electricity generating system including a turbine configured to generate electricity using steam conveyed thereto; from the superheated steam generated by the solar collection system to the thermal energy storage fluid stored by the first and second storage reservoirs, or', 'directly to water or steam flowing from said supply to generate steam or superheated steam;, 'a heat exchanger connected to the solar collection system, the thermal energy storage system, and the electricity generating system, the heat exchanger being configured such that enthalpy can ...

Plant and method for accumulation of energy in thermal form

A plant for the accumulation and transfer of thermal energy, which plant has an accumulation device of the kind with a bed of fluidizable solid particles. The plant further has for each accumulation device:electric resistor means arranged within the casing and thermally connected with the bed of particles, which electric resistors are configured for transmitting thermal energy generated by Joule effect to the particles and they are fed by exceeding electric energy from wind or photovoltaic source; andheat exchange means, also thermally connected with the bed of particles and which can be selectively actuated to receive thermal energy therefrom,the overall configuration being such that the thermal energy is transferred from the resistor means to the fluidizable solid particles of the bed and from the fluidizable solid particles to the heat exchange means.

SOLAR AND RENEWABLE/WASTE ENERGY POWERED TURBINE WITH TWO STAGE HEATING AND GRAPHITE BODY HEAT EXCHANGER

A turbine driven from renewable or waste energy sources has a working fluid in a two stage heating process using a first heating apparatus using a renewable or waste energy source and a second heating apparatus comprising a graphite body containing an embedded heat exchanger heated by concentrated solar energy where the graphite body releases stored heat to heat the working fluid to provide a continuous stream of the working fluid heated to a working temperature for input to the turbine. A relationship exists between an outer surface area of the embedded heat exchanger tube and a mass of graphite in the graphite body whereby there is from 0.60 mto 20 mof outer surface area of embedded heat exchanger tube per tonne of graphite in the graphite body. 1. A process for operating a turbine driven from renewable or waste energy sources wherein a working fluid which drives the turbine is passed around a working fluid circuit and heated in a two stage heating process using a first heating apparatus using a renewable or waste energy source and a second heating apparatus comprising a graphite body heated by concentrated solar energy the graphite body containing an embedded heat exchanger comprising at least one heat exchanger tube embedded in and in contact with the graphite body , the process , comprising:heating the working fluid using the renewable or waste source to generate a stream of working fluid heated to an intermediate temperature;heating the graphite body using the concentrated solar energy to store heat within the graphite body;delivering the stream of heated working fluid into the heat exchanger which is embedded in the graphite body whereby the graphite body releases stored heat to heat the working fluid to provide a continuous stream of the working fluid heated to a working temperature for input to the turbine; and{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein, a relationship exists between an outer surface area of the embedded heat exchanger tube and a mass of graphite in the ...

SOLAR POWER COLLECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS THEREOF

Solar power collection systems characterized by using a collimated or otherwise concentrated beam () of solar radiation to directly heat a porcelain or other high-heat capacity ceramic heating element () by contact with an absorption surface on the element, which element in turn heats a thermal storage medium () by conduction, methods of using the systems for collecting solar energy, and applications of the systems are disclosed. 151-. (canceled)52. A solar power collecting system , comprising:one or more lenses arranged in a configuration adapted to form a collimated or otherwise concentrated beam of solar radiation;a thermal storage medium contained within a thermal storage capsule; and a top surface exterior to the thermal storage capsule and forming a generally conical or concave depression having a solar radiation absorption surface; and', 'a bottom surface interior to the thermal storage capsule and forming a generally conical protrusion on the bottom surface,, 'a ceramic solar heating element, forming a cap of the thermal storage capsule, the ceramic heating element comprisingwherein, when the beam of solar radiation is directed at the depression, the ceramic solar heating element collects heat energy from the beam of solar radiation striking the solar radiation absorption surface, and wherein said solar heating element transfers heat energy to the thermal storage medium through the protrusion on the bottom surface which extends into the thermal storage medium and which is in direct contact with or very near to the thermal storage medium.53. The solar power collecting system of claim 52 , wherein the solar heating element is composed of vitrified or partially vitrified porcelain.54. The solar power collecting system of claim 52 , where the solar radiation absorption surface is coated by a layer of oxide-rich glaze in order to enhance absorption of the beam of solar radiation claim 52 , and to act as a heat sealant.55. The solar power collecting system of ...

Solar-aided coal-fired flexible power generation system and operation method thereof

A solar-aided coal-fired flexible power generation system and an operating method thereof are provided. The system includes a coal-fired thermal power generation system and a high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation; wherein a heat storage medium heater is arranged in the boiler flue; the flow rates of heat storage medium entering the solar heat collection device and the heat storage medium heater are adjusted by the regulating valve and the pump, eliminating irradiation fluctuation influences and maintaining stable power; a heat storage medium tank is used for peak shaving to reduce steam turbine output under stable boiler combustion; the flow and temperature of the feedwater entering the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger are adjusted to realize rapid load cycling. The present invention can realize solar and coal-fired generation coupling, reduce coal consumption, and greatly improve the flexibility and economy. 1. A solar-aided coal-fired flexible power generation system , comprising: a coal-fired thermal power generation system and a high-temperature heat storage system coupled with solar thermal power generation; wherein:{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '1', '1', '2', '1', '9', '2', '3', '1', '3', '9', '3', '7', '3', '6', '3', '4', '4', '6', '5', '6', '7, 'the coal-fired thermal power generation system comprises a boiler (), a steam turbine high pressure cylinder (), a steam turbine middle and low pressure cylinder (), a condenser (), a condensate pump (), a low pressure heater (), a deaerator (), a feedwater pump () and a high pressure heater and regulating valve group () which are connected in sequence; wherein a heat storage medium heater () is also arranged in a flue of the boiler (); a superheated steam outlet of the boiler () is connected with an inlet of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder (); a feedwater inlet of the boiler () is connected with a feedwater outlet of the ...

Device, system and method for high level of energetic efficiency for the storage and use of thermal energy of solar origin

A device ( 1; 10; 11; 12 ) for storage and transfer of thermal energy associated with an incident solar radiation, which used in a solar plant for the production of energy, based on an optical plant configuration which makes solar radiation converge from above, and comprises: —a containment casing ( 2 ); and—a dual bed ( 31, 32 ) of fluidizable particles received inside the casing ( 2 ) and arranged the one circumscribed to the other one, wherein the casing ( 2 ) has at least one receiving cylindrical cavity ( 20 ) which extends through the bed ( 3 ) of particles and has a open top inlet ( 21 ) for receiving the solar radiation concentrated by a field of heliostats and an open or closed bottom ( 22 ) at the level of the base of the bed of particles, the overall arrangement being such that one of the beds of particles ( 31 ) is arranged in contact with the side skirt ( 23 ) of the cylindrical cavity ( 20 ) for storing thermal energy received from the solar radiation and the other one bed of particles ( 32 ) is arranged in contact with pipe bundles ( 41 ) crossed by the working fluid.

IMPROVED BRAYTON PHOTOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION METHOD AND SYSTEM

The invention relates to an improved Brayton concentrated solar power generation method, which belongs to the technical field of solar power generation. The method performs the following steps under normal pressure or micro positive pressure: (1) the heat storage medium enters the heat collection device from the low-temperature tank; (2) the sunlight is collected to the heat collection device to transform the heat storage medium into the high-temperature heat storage medium; (3) the high-temperature heat storage medium enters the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the power working medium; (4) the high-temperature power working medium after heat exchange enters the turbine generator set to provide power generation. Based on the method, the invention also provides a matched power generation system. Adopting the method and device of the invention for power generation has the advantages of low cost, easy construction and maintenance, high efficiency, less restriction, etc., can realize long-term and stable power generation, can be applied to any area, and is conducive to large-scale promotion. 1. An improved Brayton concentrated solar power generation method , characterized in that , the following steps are carried out under normal pressure or micro positive pressure environment:(a) the heat storage medium enters the heat collection device from the low temperature tank;(b) collecting sunlight into the heat collection device to transform the heat storage medium into a high-temperature heat storage medium, which is stored in a high-temperature thermal storage cell;(c) the high-temperature heat storage medium enters the heat exchanger from the high-temperature thermal storage cell and exchanges heat with the power working medium;(d) after heat exchange, the high-temperature power working medium enters the turbine generator set to provide power generation.2. The Brayton concentrated solar power generation method according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , ...

Power Station Unit For A Hybrid Power Station

A turbine for a power plant unit for a hybrid power plant is arranged in a turbine housing in which a flow channel for a compressible medium is arranged. A drive shaft and at least one output impeller are arranged in the flow channel, the output impeller containing an output shaft for operating a generator, wherein the output impeller is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the output shaft. The drive shaft is not connected to the output shaft.

HEAT TRANSMITTING SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A HEAT MEDIUM WITH A SET TEMPERATURE AND HEAT TRANSMITTING METHOD

The present invention relates to a heat transmitting system for providing a heat medium with a set temperature, characterized in that a heat transmitting system may include: a heat source; a heat source; a plurality of heat storage tanks that stores heat media heated by the heat source respectively; a heat exchanger that is transmitted with heat from the heat media stored in the heat storage tanks; a heat source pump that transmits the heat media transmitted from the heat source to the heat storage tanks; an inlet side-heat source header that is connected with respective inlet ends of the plurality of heat storage tanks; a heat source header valve that is provided between the inlet side-heat source header and the respective inlet ends of the plurality of heat storage tanks; an outlet side-heat source header that is connected with respective outlet ends of plurality of the heat storage tanks; an outlet valve of heat storage tank that is provided to respective outlet ends of plurality of the heat storage tanks; a header outlet valve that is provided between the heat source and the outlet side-heat source header; a heat transmitting line that is connected between the outlet side-heat source header and an inlet end of the heat exchanger, thus transmitting the heat medium to the heat exchanger; and a heat transmitting pump that is provided to one side of a exchanger outlet line connecting the heat transmitting line or the heat exchanger and the inlet side-heat source header. 1. A heat transmitting system for providing a heat medium with a set temperature , characterized in that a heat transmitting system comprises:a heat source;a plurality of heat storage tanks that stores heat media heated by the heat source respectively;a heat exchanger that is transmitted with heat from the heat media stored in the heat storage tanks;a heat source pump that transmits the heat media transmitted from the heat source to the heat storage tanks;an inlet side-heat source header that is ...

SUPPLY ASSEMBLY FOR A TURBINE OF A SOLAR THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM AND SOLAR THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM COMPRISING SAID ASSEMBLY

Supply assembly for a turbine of a solar thermodynamic system provided with plural multiple parabolic mirrors for heating a first thermal carrier fluid contained in a tank to a first temperature, comprising a column structure provided at the upper part with an exit. The column structure comprises: a lower portion provided with two inlets connected to the tank to be supplied with the first thermal carrier fluid, the lower portion comprising first and second heat exchangers supplied with a second thermal carrier fluid respectively to an overheated temperature and re-overheating temperature; an upper portion fluidically connected with the lower portion, the upper portion comprising a boiler to bring the second fluid from a pre-heating temperature to a boiling temperature, and a cylindrical body arranged on the boiler; a pre-heating and supplying structure for heating the second thermal carrier fluid to the pre-heating temperature and supply it to the column structure. 1. Supply assembly for a turbine of a solar thermodynamic system of the type provided with a plurality of parabolic mirrors arranged for converting solar energy into thermal energy for heating a first thermal carrier fluid contained in a tank to a first temperature , comprising:a column structure provided at the upper part with an exit for bleeding saturated dry steam:a lower portion provided with two inlets connected to said tank such as to be supplied with said first thermal carrier fluid heated by said mirrors, said lower portion comprising a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger arranged for being supplied with a second thermal carrier fluid at an overheating temperature and re-overheating temperature, respectively;an upper portion fluidically connected to said lower portion and arranged above it so that said first thermal carrier fluid can pass from said lower portion to said upper portion, said upper portion comprising a boiler arranged for bringing said second fluid at a boiling ...

MODULAR MOLTEN SALT SOLAR TOWERS WITH THERMAL STORAGE FOR PROCESS OR POWER GENERATION OR COGENERATION

Methods of arranging and operating a molten salt solar thermal energy system are disclosed. Molten salt flows from a set of cold storage tanks to solar receivers which heat the molten salt to a maximum temperature of about 850° F. The heated molten salt is sent to a set of hot storage tanks. The heated molten salt is then pumped to a steam generation system to produce steam for process and/or power generation. Lower salt temperatures are useful in processes that use lower steam temperatures, such as thermal desalination. Lower salt temperatures and low chloride molten salt reduce the corrosion potential, permitting the use of lower cost alloys for the solar receivers, hot storage tanks, salt pumps, piping and instrumentation and steam generation system. Multiple sets of modular, shop assembled storage tanks are also used to reduce the amount of salt piping, simplify draining, and reduce field assembly and plant cost. 1. A method of operating a solar thermal energy generation and storage system , the method comprising:pumping heat transfer fluid from a set of cold storage tanks to a solar receiver;heating the heat transfer fluid to a heated temperature of about 850° F. or less;sending the heated heat transfer fluid to a set of hot storage tanks; andpumping the heated heat transfer fluid to a steam generation system and back to the set of cold storage tanks.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of cold storage tanks comprises at least one cold fluid storage tank and at least one cold fluid pump tank claim 1 , the at least one cold fluid pump tank having at least one pump to send the heat transfer fluid to the solar receiver.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of hot storage tanks comprises at least one hot fluid storage tank and at least one hot fluid pump tank claim 1 , the at least one hot fluid pump tank having at least one pump to send the heated heat transfer fluid to the steam generation system.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cold storage ...

Solids-based concentrated solar power receiver

A concentrated solar power (CSP) system includes channels arranged to convey a flowing solids medium descending under gravity. The channels form a light-absorbing surface configured to absorb solar flux from a heliostat field. The channels may be independently supported, for example by suspension, and gaps between the channels are sized to accommodate thermal expansion. The light absorbing surface may be sloped so that the inside surfaces of the channels proximate to the light absorbing surface define downward-slanting channel floors, and the flowing solids medium flows along these floors. Baffles may be disposed inside the channels and oriented across the direction of descent of the flowing solids medium. The channels may include wedge-shaped walls forming the light-absorbing surface and defining multiple-reflection light paths for solar flux from the heliostat field incident on the light-absorbing surface.

SOLAR SYSTEM FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION

The present invention relates to the utilization of solar energy for generation of electricity and/or production of clean fuels or other chemicals, as a means for long term, transportable storage of inherently intermittent solar energy. 1. An energy generation system , comprising:a solar energy collection arrangement configured and operable for collecting and reflecting concentrated sunlight radiation;a solar energy receiver configured for receiving the concentrated sunlight radiation from said solar energy collection arrangement and converting said concentrated sunlight radiation to thermal energy in a first working fluid;a thermal energy storage unit comprising at least one thermal energy storage module being configured and operable for storing thermal energy;a charging piping arrangement connecting between said solar receiver to said thermal energy storage unit and being configured and operable for carrying a first working fluid transferring heat from said solar receiver to said at least one thermal energy storage module, to thereby enable charging said at least one thermal energy storage module with thermal energy, and carrying said first working fluid back to said solar receiver, after said first working fluid exits said thermal energy storage unit;a power conversion unit configured and operable for accommodating a second working fluid and converting heat delivered by said second working fluid to electricity; anda heat discharging piping arrangement connecting between said thermal energy storage unit to said power conversion unit and being configured and operable for carrying said second working fluid for transferring heat from said at least one thermal energy storage module to said power conversion unit, and carrying said second working fluid back to said at least one thermal energy storage module, after said second working fluid exits said power conversion unit.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said thermal energy storage unit comprises a plurality of ...

Coupling of a Turbopump For Molten Salts

The invention relates to a device comprising at least one vertical pump () and at least one associated turbine () for transporting, over a level difference, a heat-transfer fluid brought to a high temperature, wherein the device further comprises a device for mechanically coupling the turbine () with the pump (), comprising a gearbox () with a gimbal coupling () located on the turbine () side, allowing the mechanical energy produced by the turbine () to be reused to actuate the pump (). 13431724175432141443. A device comprising at least one vertical pump () and at least one associated turbine () for transporting , over a level difference , a heat-transfer fluid brought to a high temperature , the pump () ensuring an upward movement of said fluid in a first section of a pipe () from a first so-called cold reservoir () and the turbine () being actuated by said fluid during the downward return movement of said fluid in a second section of the pipe () toward a second so-called hot reservoir () , wherein the device further comprises a mechanical device for coupling the turbine () with the pump () , said mechanical coupling device comprising a gearbox () with a gimbal coupling () located on the turbine () side , allowing the mechanical energy produced by the turbine () to be reused to actuate the pump ().243. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the turbine () is of the same type as the pump () claim 1 , but is used in the opposite direction.334. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the pump () or the turbine () is of the type with a vertical axis claim 2 , and is mono- or multi-staged claim 2 , (multi)cellular and has wheels with closed or semi-open radial vanes.434. The device according to claim 3 , wherein the pump () or the turbine () is situated above the reservoir or has an immersed body.534. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the pump () and the turbine () are designed to operate with a mixture of molten salts selected from the group consisting of ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HEAT STORAGE IN SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

The embodiments herein provide an improved method for storing thermal energy from the sun in a CSP plant. The heat storage system used for storing the thermal energy has a spherical shell filled with a salt, and several insulated storage towers. The method for storing thermal energy comprises adopting a plurality of spherical shells and filling the spherical shells with the salt. The salt is a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate. The spherical shells filled with the salt are packed inside the insulated storage tower. During the day time, a HTF is passed through the tower to melt the salt and store thermal energy. After sunset, the HTF is passed through the storage tower to absorb heat from the salt in the spherical shells. The HTF is then passed through the boiler for producing steam and driving, the turbine. 1. A system for storing thermal energy in a concentrated solar thermal power plant comprising:a plurality of insulated storage towers configured for storing a thermal energy obtained from sun;a plurality of spherical shells filled with a salt substance, wherein the solar towers hold the plurality of spherical shells;a fluid circulating tube for carrying a Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF);wherein the HTF is configured to carry heat generated from a solar energy between the plurality of solar towers to a heat exchanger, and wherein the salt substance is used to capture heat from the HTF.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the salt substance is eutectic mixture of salts with appropriate melting point.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the solar towers are insulated to avoid a dissipation of the stored thermal energy from the spherical shells to the surroundings.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of voids are formed between the plurality of spherical shells claim 1 , and wherein the voids allow the flow of the HTF though the tower to an outlet of the thermal power plant.5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

STIRLING ENGINE FOR AN EMISSION-FREE AIRCRAFT

Aircraft with an emission-free drive and method for emission-free driving of an aircraft. The aircraft includes an aircraft thruster structured and arranged to generate thrust force on the aircraft, an aircraft lift device structured and arranged to generate lift on the aircraft, and a heat engine, which is structured and arranged to convert thermal energy into kinetic energy to drive the aircraft thruster, that includes at least one flat-plate Stirling engine drivable by solar thermal radiation. 1. An aircraft with an emission-free drive , comprising:an aircraft thruster structured and arranged to generate thrust force on the aircraft;an aircraft lift device structured and arranged to generate lift on the aircraft; anda heat engine, which is structured and arranged to convert thermal energy into kinetic energy to drive the aircraft thruster, comprising at least one flat-plate Stirling engine drivable by solar thermal radiation.2. The aircraft according to claim 1 , wherein the aircraft lift device comprises a wing with an airfoil section structured and arranged to generate lift claim 1 , and the flat-plate Stirling engine is arranged in the wing.3. The aircraft according to claim 1 , the flat-plate Stirling engine comprising:a working chamber filled with a working gas and having a top and an underside and a changeable working volume;a displacer structured and arranged to be moveable in the working chamber between the top and the underside;a regenerator structured and arranged in the working chamber to collect and deliver thermal energy contained in the working gas;a working piston connected to change a working volume of the working chamber;a rotatable inertia element comprising at least one of a propeller or a flywheel;a drive structured and arranged to be connectable to the inertia element to drive the aircraft thruster; anda transmission structured and arranged to mechanically couple the displacer and the working piston with the inertia element,wherein the ...

SOLAR HEAT POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND DETECTION DEVICE FOR CONDENSER REFLECTING SURFACE THEREOF

A detection device for a condenser reflecting surface of a solar heat power generation system comprises: a horizontal rotary beam disposed above the condenser reflecting surface and capable of rotating in a horizontal surface, a plurality of laser heads being disposed at the bottom end of the horizontal rotary beam, a receiving disk perpendicular to the central axis of the horizontal rotary beam and capable of vertical movement connected at the theoretical focus of the condenser reflecting surface below the horizontal rotary beam, a camera being disposed below the receiving disk. A solar heat power generation system comprises the condenser reflecting surface and the detection device, and the detection device is disposed right above the condenser reflecting surface. 1. A detection device for a reflecting surface of a concentrator of a solar thermal power generation system , comprising a horizontal rotating beam arranged above the reflecting surface of the concentrator and rotatable in a horizontal plane , wherein a bottom end of the horizontal rotating beam is provided with a plurality of laser heads , and a receiving disc , which is perpendicular to a central axis of the horizontal rotating beam and movable up and down , is connected to the horizontal rotating beam at a position corresponding to a theoretical focus position of the reflecting surface of the concentrator , and a camera is arranged below the receiving disc.2. The detection device for a reflecting surface of a concentrator of a solar thermal power generation system according to claim 1 , wherein the horizontal rotating beam comprises a rotating sleeve arranged at a middle portion of the horizontal rotating beam and a main beam fixedly connected between two sides of the horizontal rotating beam claim 1 , an upper end of the rotating sleeve is connected to a connecting cylinder and rotatable with respect to the connecting cylinder in the horizontal plane claim 1 , and a left transverse beam and a right ...

Solar thermal energy storage system

Disclosed is a thermal energy storage system for storing collected solar thermal energy. The system comprises a solar thermal energy collection facility in the form of a field of parabolic troughs, which is in thermal communication with a molten salt circuit. The molten salt circuit is in fluid communication with a molten salt storage facility comprising at least three storage tanks that are each in fluid communication with the molten salt circuit. The multiple tanks set-up allows using cheaper materials, and a more efficient storage of thermal energy.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM A TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

A temperature control system includes: a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator all connected in series to form a refrigerant circuit. The system includes an electricity generating arrangement fluidly connected to the refrigerant circuit between the compressor and one of the condenser and the evaporator, the electricity generating arrangement comprising a solar thermal collector adapted to heat refrigerant leaving the compressor, and a fluid driven electricity generator adapted to receive refrigerant heated by the solar thermal collector. 1. A temperature control system comprising: a compressor , a condenser , an expansion valve , and an evaporator all connected in series to form a refrigerant circuit; and an electricity generating arrangement fluidly connected to the refrigerant circuit between the compressor and one of the condenser and the evaporator , the electricity generating arrangement comprising a solar thermal collector adapted to heat refrigerant leaving the compressor , and a fluid driven electricity generator adapted to receive refrigerant heated by the solar thermal collector.2. A temperature control system as claimed in claim 1 , the system being configured in a cooling cycle such that claim 1 , in use claim 1 , refrigerant is directed in sequence from the fluid driven electricity generator to the condenser and from the condenser through the expansion valve to the evaporator before being returned to the compressor.3. A temperature control system as claimed in claim 1 , the system being configured in a heating cycle such that claim 1 , in use claim 1 , refrigerant is directed in sequence from the fluid driven electricity generator to the evaporator and from the evaporator through the expansion valve to the condenser before being returned to the compressor.4. A temperature control system as claimed in claim 1 , the system being selectively configurable in a cooling cycle or a heating cycle claim 1 , the system having a fluid flow ...

Storage energy generation method utilizing natural energy and generation system thereof

A storage energy generation method utilizing natural energy and a generation system thereof generates electricity through natural energy such as wind power or solar energy and then compresses air, or directly compresses air, then generates electricity to an electric grid through the compressed air which is deemed as a power resource. An electric station utilizing integrated energy generates electricity to drive an air compression device, further then produces compressed air as an energy storage medium and stores compressed air in an air storage device, and then regards the compressed air as a main or auxiliary driving energy to other electric stations, such that a function of stabilizing and adjusting peak load can be realized.

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY, MATERIALS RESOURCES, AND NUTRIENT REGIMES

The present disclosure is directed to a system and method of sustainable economic development, such as development through an integrated production of renewable energy, material resources, and nutrient regimes. In some embodiments, the system utilizes resources extracted from renewable energy sources to assist in the capture of energy from other renewable energy sources. In some embodiments, the system utilizes energy from renewable energy sources to extract resources from other renewable energy sources. 1. A system for sustainable economic development , the system comprising:an extraction component, wherein the extraction component is configured to extract hydrogen from a source of water; andan energy component, wherein the energy component is configured to harness energy from a renewable energy source using the extracted hydrogen.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extraction component receives energy from the renewable energy source in order to extract the hydrogen from the source of water.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the source of water includes a source of sea water.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the source of water includes a source of industrial waste water.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the source of water includes a source of agricultural waste water.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the source of water includes a source of sewage.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the source of water includes a source of landfill waste water.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extraction component includes a dissociation component configured to thermally dissociate the hydrogen from other substances within the source of water.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extraction component includes a dissociation component configured to electrically dissociate the hydrogen from other substances within the source of water.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extraction component includes a dissociation component configured to optically dissociate the ...

Method and Device for Energy Conversion

Method for conversion of energy, by which a sun energy, or heat energy, or radiation energy is converted in an other form of energy, where the energy in its heat form or in the form of radiation is supplied to a vaporizer of a heat pipe, and this energy is converted in the energy of a working gas of the heat pipe through (as a consequence of) the absorption of this energy by the working liquid of the heat pipe; the energy in its heat form is extracted (conducted away) from the condenser of the heat pipe, and the energy of movement of the gas of the heat pipe is converted in others, not heat forms of energy, in particular into electric energy, where additionally to the capillary or gravitational forces, usually acting in the heat pipe transport zone to recover the heat pipe liquid, an additional energy, in its mechanical or electrical or any other not-heat form, is supplied to the working liquid of the heat pipe, among other possibilities, from outside in respect to the heat pipe, and this additional energy is converted in a mechanical energy of a mechanical movement of this heat pipe working liquid, and at the same time one directs the gas flow from the vaporizer to the condenser through one or several constrictions, where the cross-section area of this constriction or these constrictions in the plane, which one is perpendicular to the direction of the gas flow, is essentially mach less than an average cross-section area of the vaporizer or condenser, which way an effectiveness of energy conversion is increased. 1. Method for conversion of energy , by which a sun energy , or heat energy , or radiation energy is converted in an other form of energy , where the energy in its heat form or in the form of radiation is supplied to a vaporizer of a heat pipe , and this energy is converted in the energy of a working gas of the heat pipe through (as a consequence of) the absorption of this energy by the working liquid of the heat pipe; the energy in its heat form is ...