Воздухораспределительная решетка с промежуточными коллекторами для котла с кипящим слоем

Полезная модель относится к области теплоэнергетики, а именно к воздухораспределительной решетке котла с псевдоожиженным слоем, содержащей охлаждающие трубы рабочего тела, раздающий коллектор, собирающий коллектор, горизонтальные перфорированные пластины, вертикальные перегородки, промежуточные коллекторы для распределения воздуха, колпачки с воздухораспределительными отверстиями, при этом охлаждающие трубы рабочего тела расположены горизонтально в три ряда и являются частью силовой конструкции воздухораспределительной решетки, используются легкие горизонтальные перфорированные пластины с отверстиями для прохода колпачков с воздухораспределительными отверстиями, а количество пластин сокращено на 30% по сравнению с прототипом. Полезная модель обеспечивает значительное снижение массы и уменьшение металлоемкости воздухораспределительной решетки при сохранении ее функциональности. Ц 1 175273 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ п РЦ ‘’ (50) МПК Е23С 10/18 (2006.01) Е23С 10/20 (2006.01) м ох г м (13) Ил У (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016151749, 28.12.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 28.12.2016 Дата регистрации: 29.11.2017 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 28.12.2016 (45) Опубликовано: 29.11.2017 Бюл. № 34 Адрес для переписки: 119454, Москва, пр-кт Вернадского, 78, МИРЭА, отдел защиты интеллектуальной собственности (72) Автор(ы): Плешанов Константин Александрович (КО), Стерхов Кирилл Владимирович (КО), Зайченко Михаил Николаевич (КО), Хохлов Дмитрий Александрович (КО) (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский техноогический университет" (МИРЭА) (КО) (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: КО 2068151 С1, 20.10.1996. КО 2069812 С1, 27.11.1996. 05 4167157 А, 11.09.1979. СМ 202253611 Ъ, 30.05.2012. С 9904629 АЗ, 15.08.2001. (54) ВОЗДУХОРАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНАЯРЕШЕТКА СПРОМЕЖУТОЧНЫМИ ...

Fluidizing nozzle weld collar

A unique nozzle [20] for a fluidized bed reactor is described that may be replaced efficiently. This employs a collar [30, 130, 230] attached to a vertical section [15] of a feed pipe [11] that provides fluidizing gases. The vertical section [15] has a plurality of nozzle openings [17] at its upper end. A nozzle cap [19] fits over the upper end of the vertical section [15] and the nozzle openings [17]. The collar [30, 130, 230] extends radially outward from the vertical section [15] at a location just below the nozzle cap [19] supporting it in its operational position. During replacement of the vertical section [15] and the nozzle cap [19], the collar acts as a guide to direct cutting equipment to the proper location and facilitate proper cuts. The collar [30, 130, 230] also acts as a support to hold the vertical section [15] and the nozzle cap [19] in proper position to facilitate welding.

Method of and Arrangement for Feeding Fuel Into a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

A method of feeding at least one of light, fine and moist fuel into a furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Fuel is fed into the furnace through a fuel feed and the fuel is combusted in a turbulent, circulating fluidized bed. A fuel feed area is isolated from the turbulent circulating bed by arranging the fuel feed along at least one channel arranged in a wall of the furnace. Solids of the circulating bed material are introduced onto a first grid section at the bottom of the fuel feed area. The fuel and the solids are mixed and fluidized above the grid section to form a fuel-solids mixture that flows laterally onto a second grid section and a third grid section where the mixture is fluidized. The fluidized bed material is circulated both inside and outside of the furnace. The bed material is separated from the flue gases and returned to the furnace.

Method of and Arrangement for Recovering Heat From Bottom Ash

A method of recovering heat from bottom ash that is discharged from a combustion process in a furnace. Fuel and combustion air are fed into a furnace for combusting the fuel in order to generate heat energy to produce steam or hot water in a boiler arrangement, in which flue gases and bottom ash are formed. The bottom ash is discharged from the furnace. Heat is recovered from the flue gases, and heat is recovered to a bottom ash cooling water circuit from the bottom ash discharged from the furnace in order to utilize the recovered heat for preheating the combustion air in a heat exchanger.

FLUIDIZED BED FURNACE AND WASTE TREATMENT METHOD

A waste treatment technique includes: blowing a fluidizing gas from around a mixture discharge port to form a first fluidization region having a degree of fluidization of the fluidizable particles which is set to an extent allowing waste to be accumulated on fluidizable particles, while blowing a fluidizing gas between the first fluidization region and an opposite-side wall at a higher flow velocity to form a second fluid region having a degree of fluidization of fluidizable particles greater than that in the first fluidization region, whereby the fluidizable particles are mixed with the waste to gasify the waste; and supplying waste from a supply-side sidewall portion onto the fluidized bed to cause the waste to be accumulated on the first fluidization region while causing the accumulated waste to be moved into the second fluidization region step-by-step. 1. A fluidized bed furnace for heating waste to extract a combustible gas from the waste , comprising:fluidizable particles making up a fluidized bed to heat the waste;a furnace body having a bottom wall supporting the fluidizable particles from therebelow, and a sidewall standing upwardly from the bottom wall, wherein the bottom wall has a mixture discharge port provided at a position offset from a center position of the bottom wall in a specific direction to discharge non-combustible substances in the waste and carbides produced by heating of the waste, together with a part of the fluidizable particles, and an upper surface of the bottom wall is inclined to become lower toward the mixture discharge port so as to cause the fluidizable particles to fall on the upper surface of the bottom wall toward the mixture discharge port;a gas supply section for blowing a fluidizing gas from the bottom wall of the furnace body toward the fluidizable particles to fluidize the fluidizable particles;a waste supply section for supplying waste from a supply-side portion of the sidewall located on the same side as the mixture ...

Installation and method for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product

A method and apparatus for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product uses a fluidized bed device with a distribution plate for securing an even distribution and supply of at least combustion air to the bed material and to the paper residue. An air box below the distribution plate supplies combustion air to the bed material and paper residue above the distribution plate. A heat exchanging section receives in separate parts ambient air and flue gases from the fluidized bed device for exchanging heat between flue gases and ambient air. The heat exchanging section is connected to the air box for supplying the heated ambient air to the air box for use as combustion air. A control system is employed for controlling the amount of bed material and the dimension of its particles and is arranged to monitor and maintain a process parameter within a predefined range.

METHOD TO ENHANCE OPERATION OF CIRCULATING MASS REACTOR AND METHOD TO CARRY OUT SUCH REACTOR

The object of the invention is a method for enhancing the operation of a circulating mass reactor (), which circulating mass reactor () comprises a fluidized-bed chamber () provided with a fluidized bed (), means for separating fluidized material () from the flue gases, and a return conduit system () including at least one cooled return conduit (). In the method, for the combustion of fuel taking place in the circulation mass reactor () is provided a lower combustion chamber (), which comprises a fluidized-bed chamber (), and an upper combustion chamber () and a flow conduit () connecting them. The flow conduit (), the means for separating the fluidized material () from the fuel gases and the return conduit system () are arranged to be located essentially between the lower combustion chamber () and the upper combustion chamber (). The lower combustion chamber () and the upper combustion chamber () are dimensioned in such a way that the combustion of the fuel can be essentially completed before the discharge of the flue gases from the combustion chamber (), whereupon the average delay time of the flue gases in the upper combustion chamber is most preferably 0.3-3.0 seconds. The fluidized material () is separated from the flue gases after the upper combustion chamber () and guided back to the fluidized-bed chamber () through cooled return conduits () and an uncooled return conduit system () in the desired ratio. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein calculated on the basis of the effective heat value of the fuel claim 1 , the specific volume of the lower combustion chamber is most preferably 2.0-0.3 m3/MW.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cooling of the lower combustion chamber claim 1 , the upper combustion chamber and the flow conduit connecting them takes place mainly adiabatically by means of the fluidized material circulating in them.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the average flow cross-section of the riser conduit to ...

Fluidized bed furnace

Provided is a fluidized bed furnace for heating waste to extract a combustible gas from the waste, including: a plurality of wind boxes arranged on a lower side of a bottom wall of a furnace body to blow a fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed; a plurality of temperature detection sections disposed at respective positions allowing detection of temperatures of an upper position and a lower position vertically spaced in a first region, and allowing detection of temperatures of upper and lower positions vertically spaced in a second region; and a control section operable, based on the temperatures detected by the temperature detection sections, to adjust an air ratio of the fluidizing gas to be fed to each of the wind boxes, so that the temperature of the fluidized bed is raised in a direction from the first region toward the second region.

SYSTEMS FOR CONVERTING FUEL

A system for converting fuel may include a first moving bed reactor, a second reactor, and a non-mechanical valve. The first moving bed reactor may include at least one tapered section and multiple injection gas ports. The multiple injection gas ports may be configured to deliver a fuel to the first moving bed reactor. The first moving bed reactor may be configured to reduce an oxygen carrying material with a fuel by defining a countercurrent flowpath for the fuel relative to the oxygen carrying material. The second reactor may communicate with the first moving bed reactor and may be operable to receive an oxygen source. The second reactor may be configured to regenerate the reduced oxygen carrying material by oxidation. 1. A system for converting fuel comprising:a first moving bed reactor comprising at least one tapered section and multiple injection gas ports, the multiple injection gas ports being configured to deliver a fuel to the first moving bed reactor, wherein the first moving bed reactor is configured to reduce an oxygen carrying material with a fuel by defining a countercurrent flowpath for the fuel relative to the oxygen carrying material;a second reactor communicating with the first moving bed reactor operable to receive an oxygen source, wherein the second reactor is configured to regenerate the reduced oxygen carrying material by oxidation; anda non-mechanical valve comprising a circuitous piping assembly disposed between the first moving bed reactor and the second reactor, and at least one gas opening configured to receive a gas stream, the gas stream being operable to reduce gas leakage between the first moving bed reactor and the second reactor.2. The system for converting fuel of claim 1 , wherein the second reactor is a countercurrent moving bed reactor.3. The system for converting fuel of claim 1 , wherein the circuitous piping assembly comprises at least one vertical standpipe.4. The system for converting fuel of claim 1 , wherein the injection ...

Two-part block nozzle

A two-piece block nozzle is disclosed. In some embodiments, the two-piece nozzle may include a nozzle section and a base section. The nozzle section may be detachably engaged to the base section. The nozzle section may be formed with a temperature resistant material such as, for example, a chrome-nickel alloy or a stainless steel alloy. The base section may be formed with a relatively lower cost material such as, for example, a ductile iron material.

COMBUSTOR AIR BAG GRID FOR USE WITHIN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR, AND A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor includes at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of primary air bars that are transversal to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support them, and in fluid communication to at least two of the main air collector bars. The main air collector bars and the primary air bars define ash removal openings in the air bar grid and a plurality of fluidized nozzles are arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor. A fluidized bed reactor includes such a combustor air bar grid. 112.-. (canceled)13. A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor , the combustor air bar grid comprising:at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas;a plurality of primary air bars that are transverse to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support the plurality of primary air bars, the plurality of primary air bars being in fluid communication with at least two of the main air collector bars, and the main air collector bars and the primary air bars defining ash removal openings in the air bar grid;a plurality of fluidizing nozzles arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor; anda number of ash hoppers arranged beneath the ash removal openings,wherein the main air collector bars are configured to form external air-cooled walls for the ash hoppers that are cooled with the pressurized fluidizing gas.14. The combustor air bar grid according to claim 13 , wherein the main air collector bars are in fluid communication with the primary air bars via fluidizing gas transmitting openings formed in the upper side of each collector bar and in the bottom side of each primary air bar that overlap with ...

Fluidized bed system and method for operating fluidized bed furnace

A fluidized bed system includes a first nozzle group that is provided inside a fluidized bed furnace, a second nozzle group that is provided inside the fluidized bed furnace, a first supply section that supplies a gas into the fluidized bed furnace through the first nozzle group, a second supply section that supplies the gas into the fluidized bed furnace through both the first and second nozzle groups, and a control section that controls the second supply section during a start-up operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form a fluidized bed of a fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace, and stops the supply of the gas by the second supply section and controls the first supply section during a normal operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form the fluidized bed of the fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SELECTING OPTIMAL BOILER COMBUSTION MODEL

A device and method select an optimal boiler combustion model from among a plurality of boiler combustion models for boiler combustion to update a memory in which the boiler combustion models are stored. The device includes a memory configured to store first boiler combustion models that are derived in advance and second boiler combustion models that are derived in advance; and a processor configured to select an optimal boiler combustion model from among the first and second boiler combustion models and to update the memory according to characteristics of the selected optimal boiler combustion model. The processor may further generate a third boiler combustion model for the combustion of the boiler to select the optimal boiler combustion model from among the first to third boiler combustion models and verification data for model verification through the latest data measured in the boiler and data on basic characteristics of the measured data. 1. A device for selecting an optimal boiler combustion model for combustion of a boiler , the device comprising:a memory configured to store first boiler combustion models that are derived in advance and second boiler combustion models that are derived in advance; anda processor configured to select an optimal boiler combustion model from among the first and second boiler combustion models and to update the memory according to characteristics of the selected optimal boiler combustion model.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to generate a third boiler combustion model for the combustion of the boiler and to select the optimal boiler combustion model from among the first to third boiler combustion models.3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to generate verification data for model verification through the latest data measured in the boiler and data on basic characteristics of the measured data.4. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the ...

Integrated Calcium Looping Combined Cycle for Sour Gas Applications

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) process for sour gas combustion is integrated with a gas turbine combined cycle and a steam generation unit, and is configured to provide in-situ removal of HS from the sour gas fuel by reacting the HS with a oxygen carrier at a location within the fuel reactor of the CLC unit. The process is also configured such that oxygen-rich exhaust gases from the gas turbine combined cycle is used to feed the air reactor of the CLC unit and re-oxidize oxygen carriers for recirculation in the CLC unit. 1. A process for utility and power generation using sour gas fuel integrating a chemical looping process , a gas turbine , and a steam generation unit , comprising the steps of:injecting an oxygen carrier and a sour gas fuel into a fuel reactor;reforming the sour gas fuel in the fuel reactor to produce syngas and a reduced oxygen carrier;separating the reduced oxygen carrier from the syngas;cooling the syngas by passing the syngas through the steam generation unit;combusting the cooled syngas in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine whereby exhaust gases are produced;cooling at least a first portion of the exhaust gases by passing the first portion of the exhaust gases through the steam generation unit; andinjecting the cooled first portion of the exhaust gases into an air reactor to oxidize the reduced oxygen carrier which was separated from the syngas resulting in formation of oxygen-depleted exhaust gases.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fuel reactor is one of a turbulent bed claim 1 , fluidized bed claim 1 , and circulating fluidized bed.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the air reactor is one of a turbulent bed claim 1 , fluidized bed claim 1 , and circulating fluidized bed.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooled syngas is compressed prior to delivery to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine for combustion thereof.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein compressed air is injected into the combustion chamber of the gas ...

FLUID SAND FALLING TYPE CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH A PLURALITY OF RISERS AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

Disclosed herein are a fluid sand falling type circulating fluidized bed boiler with a plurality of risers for preventing erosion and corrosion of water tubes and increasing combustion efficiency, and a method of operating the same. The fluid sand falling type circulating fluidized bed boiler with a plurality of risers includes a boiler section into which fuel and oxidizer are injected, a riser section connected to the boiler section so that the fuel and fluid sand supplied from the boiler section are introduced from the bottom of the riser section and flow up, and a relay section provided on the boiler section to supply the fluid sand having passed through the riser section to the boiler section, wherein the fuel is injected from the top of the boiler section and burned while flowing down therein. 1. A fluid sand falling type circulating fluidized bed boiler with a plurality of risers , comprising:a boiler section into which fuel and oxidizer are injected;a riser section connected to the boiler section so that the fuel and fluid sand supplied from the boiler section are introduced from the bottom of the riser section and flow up; anda relay section provided on the boiler section to supply the fluid sand having passed through the riser section to the boiler section,wherein the fuel is injected from the top of the boiler section and burned while flowing down therein.2. The fluid sand falling type circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of water tube sections provided on an outer wall and in an internal space of the boiler section and extending in a height direction of the boiler section.3. The fluid sand falling type circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of oxidizer injection sections spaced apart from each other in a height direction of the boiler section and further provided in the lower portion of the riser section claim 1 ,wherein each output of the oxidizer injection ...

BED MATERIAL FOR BUBBLING FLUIDISED BED COMBUSTION

The invention is in the technical field of bubbling fluidized bed combustion and relates to the use of ilmenite particles with an average particle size between 0.1 mm and 1.8 mm as bed material for a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler with an excess air ratio (λ) below 1.3 and to a method for operating a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler, comprising carrying out the combustion process with a bubbling fluidized bed comprising ilmenite particles as defined in any one of claims and -; and setting the excess air ratio (λ) to a value below 1.3. 1. Use of ilmenite particles with an average particle size between 0.1 mm and 1.8 mm as bed material for a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler with an excess air ratio (λ) below 1.3.2. The use of claim 1 , wherein λ is 1.25 or less claim 1 , more preferably 1.2 or less claim 1 , more preferably 1.1 or less claim 1 , most preferably between 1.05 and 1.1.3. The use of claim 1 , wherein λ for the combustion of waste based fuel is 1.23 or less claim 1 , preferably 1.1 or less claim 1 , more preferably between 1.05 and 1.23 claim 1 , most preferably between 1.05 and 1.1; and/or wherein λ for the combustion of biomass fuel is 1.19 or less claim 1 , preferably 1.1 or less claim 1 , more preferably between 1.05 and 1.19 claim 1 , most preferably between 1.05 and 1.1.4. The use of any one of - claim 1 , wherein is at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, most preferably at least 0.4 mm; and', 'not more than 1.8 mm, preferably not more than 1.0 mm, most preferably not more than 0.6 mm;', 'and/or, 'i) the average particle size () of the ilmenite particles'}ii) the ilmenite particles have a particle size (dp) in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.8 mm, preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm.5. The use according to any of - claim 1 , characterized in that the ilmenite is crushed rock ilmenite.6. A method for operating a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claims 1 ...

FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS

Methods and devices for combusting a carbonaceous fuel in an oxy-combustion fluidized bed reactor involving controlling the local oxygen content within the oxy-combustion reactor to specified levels. The carbonaceous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are introduced into a fluidized bed reactor and eluted through a fluidized bed of an inert material, dolomite or a combination thereof to combust the fuel and oxygen to produce at least COand steam. The oxygen-containing gas is a mixture of oxygen, recycled COand steam and has sufficient oxygen added to the recycled COand steam that the mixture contains 7-20 mole % oxygen. The carbonaceous fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the fluidized bed at a location in sufficiently close proximity to each other to avoid producing a reducing atmosphere at the location. At least a portion of the produced COand steam are recycled to the reactor. 1. A method of combusting a carbonaceous fuel , said method comprising: [{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the oxygen-containing gas comprises a mixture of oxygen, recycled COand steam having sufficient oxygen added to the recycled COand steam that the mixture in each stage contains 7-20 mole % oxygen, and'}, 'wherein the carbonaceous fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the fluidized bed at a location in sufficiently close proximity to each other to avoid producing a reducing atmosphere at the location;, 'introducing the carbonaceous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas into a staged fluidized bed reactor wherein the carbonaceous fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are eluted through a fluidized bed comprising an inert material, dolomite or a combination thereof;'}{'sub': '2', 'combusting the carbonaceous fuel and with at least a portion of the oxygen-containing to produce at least COand steam; and'}{'sub': '2', 'recycling to the fluidized bed reactor at least a portion of the produced COand steam as a portion of the oxygen-containing gas such that the total quantity ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CHEMICAL LOOP COMBUSTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

The invention relates to a method for chemical looping (CLC) oxidation-reduction combustion of liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks carried out in a fluidized bed, wherein liquid hydrocarbon feedstock () is partly vaporized on contact with a hot solid () in form of particles so as to form a partly vaporized liquid feedstock and to form coke on said solid (), prior to contacting partly vaporized liquid feedstock () with a redox active mass in form of particles () so as to achieve combustion of partly vaporized liquid feed (). Hot solid particles () used to carry the coke can notably form a second fluidized-bed particle circulation loop, the first one being the circulation loop of the oxygen-carrying redox active mass () circulating between the oxidation and combustion reactors, thus allowing coke-carrying particles () to be recycled to the process. 1. A method for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock carried out in a fluidized bed , wherein liquid hydrocarbon feed is partly vaporized on contact with a hot solid in form of particles so as to form a partly vaporized liquid feed and to form coke on said solid , prior to contacting the partly vaporized liquid feed with a redox active mass in form of particles distinct from the hot solid so as to achieve combustion of the partly vaporized liquid feed.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising:partly vaporizing the liquid feed on contact with hot solid particles in a first reaction zone, the particles of said solid being group A particles in Geldart's classification,sending the effluents from first reaction zone to a second reaction zone where gasification of the coke of the solid particles is performed, and combustion of the partly vaporized liquid feed and of the gas resulting from coke gasification is carried out through contact with the redox active mass particles, said redox active mass particles being group B particles in Geldart's classification,continuing the combustion of ...

BED MANAGEMENT CYCLE FOR A FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND CORRESPONDING ARRANGEMENT

The invention relates to abed management cycle for a fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of: a) providing fresh ilmenite particles as bed material to the fluidized bed boiler; b) carrying out a fluidized bed combustion process; c) removing at least one ash stream comprising ilmenite particles from the fluidized bed boiler; d) separating ilmenite particles from the at least one ash stream; e) recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler. The invention also relates to a corresponding arrangement for carrying out fluidized bed combustion, comprising a fluidized bed boiler comprising ilmenite particles as bed material; and a system for removing ash from the fluidized bed boiler; wherein the arrangement further comprises a separator for separating ilmenite particles from the re-moved ash; and means for recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler. 1. A bed management cycle for a fluidized bed boiler , comprising the steps of:a) providing fresh ilmenite particles as bed material to the fluidized bed boiler;b) carrying out a fluidized bed combustion process;c) removing at least one ash stream comprising ilmenite particles from the fluidized bed boiler;d) separating ilmenite particles from the at least one ash stream;e) recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler.2. The bed management cycle of claim 1 , characterized in that the ilmenite particles are separated by magnetic separation and/or electric separation claim 1 , wherein preferably electric separation comprises electrostatic separation.3. The bed management cycle of or claim 1 , characterized in that steps c) claim 1 , d) and e) are carried out multiple times claim 1 , preferably to provide for a continuous recirculation of separated ilmenite particles into the boiler.4. The bed management cycle of any one of - claim 1 , characterized in that the ilmenite particles arei) separated from the at ...

Method and Device for Using Oxygen in the Steam Reforming of Biomass

A device is presented and described for the use of oxygen for the thermochemical gasification of biomass in at least one fluidised bed reactor, a heater being arranged in the fluidised bed of the fluidised bed reactor and the fluidised bed reactor being heatable by at least partial oxidation of a combustible gas with oxygen.

STAGED CHEMICAL LOOPING PROCESS WITH INTEGRATED OXYGEN GENERATION

Disclosed is a method for enhanced fuel combustion to maximize the capture of by-product carbon dioxide. According to various embodiments of the invention, a method for combusting fuel in a two-stage process is provided, which includes in-situ oxygen generation. In-situ oxygen generation allows for the operation of a second oxidation stage to further combust fuel, thus maximizing fuel conversion efficiency. The integrated oxygen generation also provides an increased secondary reactor temperature, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the process. The means of in-situ oxygen is not restricted to one particular embodiment, and can occur using an oxygen generation reactor, an ion transport membrane, or both. A system configured to the second stage combustion method is also disclosed. 1. A method of two-stage combustion integrating in situ oxygen generation , the method comprising:oxidizing, using an air reactor, a reduced oxygen carrier stream to form an oxidized oxygen carrier stream;separating, in a primary separator, an oxygen carrier and oxygen-depleted air from the oxidized oxygen carrier stream;producing, in an oxygen generation system, gaseous oxygen;combusting, using a primary fuel reactor, fuel in the presence of the oxygen carrier;combusting, using a secondary fuel reactor, at least one of an additional fuel supply and an unburned fuel exiting the primary fuel reactor in the presence of the gaseous oxygen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing comprises oxidizing the reduced oxygen carrier stream using one of a riser reactor and a fluidized bed reactor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combusting comprises combusting the fuel using the primary fuel reactor being one of a fluidized bed reactor and a moving bed reactor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combusting the at least one of the additional fuel supply and the unburned fuel exiting the primary fuel reactor comprises combusting such a fuel using an oxy-fuel boiler or any ...

FLUIDIZING GAS NOZZLE HEAD AND A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITH MULTIPLE FLUIDIZING GAS NOZZLE HEADS

A fluidizing gas nozzle head suitable to be connected to a fluidizing gas feeding device of a fluidized bed reactor. The fluidizing gas nozzle head includes an inlet channel having a longitudinal axis, an inlet end, and a second end, the inlet end of the inlet channel being adapted to connect the inlet channel in vertical gas flow connection with the fluidizing gas feeding device, four outlet channels, each of the four outlet channels extending from a first end to an outlet end, and a gas distribution space having a bottom face and a ceiling opposite to the bottom face. The second end of the inlet channel and the first ends of the four outlet channels are connected to direct gas flow connection with the gas distribution space. Each of the first ends of the four outlet channels has a central point, which central points define a rectangle with two long sides and two short sides having an aspect ratio of at least 2:1. 115.-. (canceled)16. A fluidizing gas nozzle head suitable to be connected to a fluidizing gas feeding device of a fluidized bed reactor , the fluidizing gas nozzle head comprising:(A) an inlet channel having a longitudinal axis, an inlet end, and a second end, the inlet end of the inlet channel being adapted to connect the inlet channel in vertical gas flow connection with the fluidizing gas feeding device;(B) four outlet channels, each of the four outlet channels extending from a first end to an outlet end; and(C) a gas distribution space having a bottom face and a ceiling opposite to the bottom face,wherein the second end of the inlet channel and the first ends of the four outlet channels are connected to direct gas flow connection with the gas distribution space, andwherein each of the first ends of the four outlet channels has a central point, which central points define a rectangle with two long sides and two short sides having an aspect ratio of at least 2:1, and the gas distribution space being divided by a division wall into two identical halves ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OXYGEN CARRIER ASSISTED OXY-FIRED FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION

An oxygen fired fluidized bed combustor system (Oxy-FBC) is provided. The system provides means of producing a nearly pure stream of carbon dioxide for storage at high efficiency by controlling the oxygen content within certain regions of the combustor to control the rate of heat release allowing efficient transfer of heat from the combustor to the boiler tubes while avoiding excessively high temperatures that will cause ash melting, and simultaneously remove sulphur from the combustor via sorbents such as limestone and dolomite. The present invention utilizes a coarse oxygen carrier bed material to distribute heat and oxygen throughout an Oxy-FBC, while injecting fine sulphur sorbent that will continuously be removed from the bed. 1. A process for obtaining heat from combustion of a fuel comprising the steps of:i) providing a combustion chamber comprising a fluidized bed material and means for transferring heat out of the combustion chamber;ii) introducing the fuel and a gas into the combustion chamber;iii) introducing a sorbent into the combustion chamber wherein said sorbent is capable of adsorbing sulphur containing compounds;{'sub': 2', '2, 'iv) producing a gas stream comprising primarily of COand HO by combustion of the fuel; and'} wherein the bed material comprises at least a first material comprising particles having a first minimum transport velocity and a second material comprising particles having a second minimum transport velocity, and wherein the minimum transport velocity of the particles of the first material is greater than the minimum transport velocity of the particles of the second material;', 'wherein the first material comprises an oxygen carrier capable of transferring oxygen to and from the gases in the combustion chamber generated by the localized or distributed partial oxidation of the fuel;', 'wherein the second material comprises the sorbent;', 'wherein the gas introduced into the combustion chamber comprises oxygen and a moderating gas; ...

INTEGRATED CHEMICAL LOOPING COMBUSTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER GENERATION AND CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) based power generation, particularly using liquid fuel, ensures substantially complete fuel combustion and provides electrical efficiency without exposing metal oxide based oxygen carrier to high temperature redox process. An integrated fuel gasification (reforming)-CLC-followed by power generation model is provided involving (i) a gasification island, (ii) CLC island, (iii) heat recovery unit, and (iv) power generation system. To improve electrical efficiency, a fraction of the gasified fuel may be directly fed, or bypass the CLC, to a combustor upstream of one or more gas turbines. This splitting approach ensures higher temperature (efficiency) in the gas turbine inlet. The inert mass ratio, air flow rate to the oxidation reactor, and pressure of the system may be tailored to affect the performance of the integrated CLC system and process. 1. An integrated system , comprising:a gasification subsystem comprising (a-i) a fuel heater suitable for heating a liquid fuel stream, (a-ii) a gasifier located downstream of, and fluidly connected to, the fuel heater, the gasifier being configured to gasify the liquid fuel stream with an oxygen-rich stream to form a syngas stream, and (a-iii) a gas splitter located downstream of, and fluidly connected to, the gasifier, the gas splitter being configured to split the syngas stream into a first syngas substream and a second syngas substream;{'sub': 2', '2, 'a chemical looping combustion (CLC) subsystem comprising (b-i) a reducer located downstream of, and fluidly connected to, the gas splitter, the reducer being configured to oxidize the first syngas substream in the presence of an oxygen carrier to form a CO/HO stream, the oxygen carrier being reduced to a reduced oxygen carrier, and (b-ii) an oxidizer located downstream of, and fluidly connected to, the first solid-gas separator, the oxidizer being configured to oxidize the reduced oxygen carrier in the presence of an oxygen-containing stream ...

High temperature and pressure solids handling system

A fluidized bed gasification system which comprises a fluidized bed gasification reactor having a bottom ash discharge outlet below the reactor, wherein an L-valve is used to control the rate of bottom ash discharge. The L-valve uses an aeration port located on distal side of the L-valve vertical pipe at a location that is above the center line of the horizontal pipe. Also provided are methods of controlling the bottom ash discharge as well the fluidized reaction bed height of the system.

SUPERCRITICAL CO2 CYCLE COUPLED TO CHEMICAL LOOPING ARRANGEMENT

Systems and methods for coupling a chemical looping arrangement and a supercritical COcycle are provided. The system includes a fuel reactor, an air reactor, a compressor, first and second heat exchangers, and a turbine. The fuel reactor is configured to heat fuel and oxygen carriers resulting in reformed or combusted fuel and reduced oxygen carriers. The air reactor is configured to re-oxidize the reduced oxygen carriers via an air stream. The air stream, fuel, and oxygen carriers are heated via a series of preheaters prior to their entry into the air and fuel reactors. The compressor is configured to increase the pressure of a COstream to create a supercritical COstream. The first and second heat exchangers are configured to heat the supercritical COstream, and the turbine is configured to expand the heated supercritical COstream to generate power. 127.-. (canceled)28. A system for employing a supercritical COcycle , wherein the supercritical COcycle is coupled to a fuel reactor and an air reactor fluidly connected to the fuel reactor , wherein fuel reacts with oxygen carriers in the fuel reactor to form reformed or combusted fuel and reduced oxygen carriers , and wherein the reduced oxygen carriers are oxidized via an air stream in the air reactor to form re-oxidized oxygen carriers and oxygen-depleted air , the system comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a compressor configured to receive a COstream from a COsource, wherein the compressor is configured to increase the pressure of the COstream thereby creating a high pressure supercritical COstream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with the compressor and the fuel reactor, the first heat exchanger being configured to receive and heat the supercritical COstream, and being configured to receive at least a portion of the reformed or combusted fuel from the fuel reactor, wherein the energy from the reformed or combusted fuel is used to heat the supercritical COstream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, ...

Method and plant for redox chemical looping combustion of a solid hydrocarbon feedstock

The invention relates to a method and to a device for chemical looping combustion CLC of a solid hydrocarbon feed wherein it is proposed to inject the solid hydrocarbon feed so as to limit any occurrence of sticking of the feed to the walls of the injection device. The solid feed is fed into a conveying zone operating under fluidized bed conditions and opening into a combustion reactor. A fluidization gas is injected into this conveying zone while controlling the flow of gas in such a way that the superficial velocity of the gas in the conveying zone is higher than the terminal velocity of the solid hydrocarbon feed particles and the terminal velocity of solid particles present in the combustion reactor, and while controlling the fluidization gas temperature in such a way that the temperature in the conveying zone is less than or equal to 500° C.

HEATING MODULE FOR USE IN A PYROHYDROLYSIS REACTOR

A heating module for use in a pyrohydrolysis reactor includes a fuel distribution system in fluid communication with a fuel source and a carrier element having a plurality of built-in coupling units. A coupling unit of the plurality of coupling units includes a coupling element, and the coupling element of the coupling unit is in fluid communication with the fuel distribution system. The heating module further includes a plurality of burner units arranged on the carrier element. A burner unit of the plurality of burner units includes a connector element and a burner element. The connector element is in fluid communication with the burner element. The connector element is reversibly connected to the coupling element of the coupling unit. The connector element is in fluid communication with the coupling element of the coupling unit. 1. A heating module for use in a pyrohydrolysis reactor , the heating module comprising:a fuel distribution system in fluid communication with a fuel source;a carrier element having a plurality of built-in coupling units, wherein a coupling unit of the plurality of coupling units comprises a coupling element, wherein the coupling element of said coupling unit is in fluid communication with the fuel distribution system; anda plurality of burner units arranged on the carrier element, wherein a burner unit of the plurality of burner units comprises a connector element and a burner element, wherein the connector element is in fluid communication with the burner element, wherein the connector element is reversibly connected to the coupling element of said coupling unit, and wherein the connector element is in fluid communication with the coupling element of said coupling unit.2. The heating module according to claim 1 , wherein the burner unit of the plurality of burner units further comprises an oxidant element configured to supply an oxidant medium to the burner unit claim 1 , wherein the oxidant element is reversibly connected to the carrier ...

PROCESS FOR PROVIDING HEAT TO INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

A process for providing heat to an industrial facility comprises contacting a hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen in a reaction zone under partial oxidation conditions including a below stoichiometric oxygen to fuel molar ratio for full combustion to generate heat in the reaction zone and produce a gaseous effluent stream containing carbon monoxide. At least part of the carbon monoxide from the gaseous effluent stream is converted to one or more of chemical products different from carbon monoxide transferring at least part of the heat generated in reaction zone and/or contained in the gaseous effluent stream is transferred to a separate operation in the industrial facility. 1. A process for providing heat to an industrial facility , the process comprising:(a1) contacting a hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen in a reaction zone under partial oxidation conditions including a below stoichiometric oxygen to fuel molar ratio for full combustion to generate heat in the reaction zone and produce a gaseous effluent stream containing carbon monoxide;(b1) converting at least part of the carbon monoxide from the gaseous effluent stream to one or more of chemical products different from carbon monoxide; and(c1) transferring at least part of the heat generated in reaction zone and/or contained in the gaseous effluent stream to an operation in the industrial facility other than the contacting (a1) and the converting (b1).2. The process of claim 1 , wherein steam is also supplied to the reaction zone in (a1).3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reaction zone includes an auto-thermal reforming reactor.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the industrial facility is a refinery or a petrochemical plant.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous effluent stream exiting the reaction zone is at a temperature of at least 1500° F. (815° C.).6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the operation in the industrial facility is conducted at an inlet temperature of 980° F. (527° C.) or below.7. The process ...

RECOVERY OF CHEMICALS FROM FUEL STREAMS

Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor. 1300400500600. A fluidized bed reactor ( , , , ) configured to react a fuel in a fluidized bed of bed solids , the reactor comprising:{'b': '301', 'a container () configured to hold the bed of bed solids;'}{'b': 302', '301', '310', '330', '310, 'claim-text': [{'b': '316', 'a fuel inlet () configured to receive the fuel;'}, {'b': '314', 'a LowOx gas inlet () disposed at a first portion of a bottom of the container;'}, {'b': 311', '314, 'a LowOx gas supply () configured to supply an inert and/or less-oxidizing gas to the LowOx gas inlet () to fluidize the bed of bed solids and volatilize the fuel to yield a volatiles stream and a char stream;'}, {'b': '318', 'a volatiles stream outlet () configured to convey the volatiles stream out of the volatilization stage; and'}, {'b': '350', 'a volatiles pressure gauge () configured to measure pressure within the volatilization stage;'}], 'a wall () separating at least a gas phase above the bed in the container () into a volatilization stage () and a combustion stage (), the volatilization stage () including{'b': '330', 'claim-text': [{'b': '334', 'an oxidant inlet () disposed at a second portion of the bottom of the container;'}, {'b ...

Biomass Upgrading System

Aspects provide for volatilizing a biomass-based fuel stream, removing undesirable components from the resulting volatiles stream, and combusting the resulting stream (e.g., in a kiln). Removal of particles, ash, and/or H2O from the volatiles stream improves its economic value and enhances the substitution of legacy (e.g., fossil) fuels with biomass-based fuels. Aspects may be particularly advantageous for upgrading otherwise low-quality biomass to a fuel specification sufficient for industrial implementation. A volatilization reactor may include a fluidized bed reactor, which may comprise multiple stages and/or a splashgenerator. A splashgenerator may impart directed momentum to a portion of the bed to increase bed transport via directed flow.

CATALYST REGENERATOR

A catalyst regenerator according to an embodiment of the present invention, as a catalyst regenerator that regenerates a coked catalyst separated from a product produced in an endothermic catalytic reaction of a fluidized bed reactor, includes: a reaction chamber that includes a regeneration space, receives the coked catalyst from a standpipe connected to the regeneration space, and discharges a regenerated catalyst to an outlet; a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject a fuel for combustion into the regeneration space; and a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject an air for combustion into the regeneration space, wherein the fuel injected from the fuel supplier is a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 1. A catalyst regenerator for regenerating a coked catalyst separated from a product produced in an endothermic catalytic reaction of a fluidized bed reactor , comprising:a reaction chamber including a regeneration space, the reaction chamber configured to receive the coked catalyst from a standpipe connected to the regeneration space, and discharge a regenerated catalyst to an outlet;a fuel supplier connected to the reaction chamber to inject a fuel for combustion into the regeneration space; andan air supplier connected to the reaction chamber to inject air for combustion into the regeneration space,wherein the fuel injected from the fuel supplier is a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.2. The catalyst regenerator of claim 1 , whereinthe air supplier includes an air distribution ring supplied with the air and an air nozzle formed in the air distribution ring, andthe fuel supplier includes a fuel distribution ring supplied with the fuel and disposed to be adjacent to the air distribution ring and a fuel injection port formed in the fuel distribution ring.3. The catalyst regenerator of claim 2 , whereinthe outlet is installed at a predetermined height from a bottom of the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BIOMASS COMBUSTION

Disclosed is a system and method for the combustion of biomass material employing a swirling fluidized bed combustion (SFBC) chamber, and preferably a second stage combustion carried out in a cyclone separator. In the combustion chamber, primary air is introduced from a bottom air box that fluidizes the bed material and fuel, and staged secondary air is introduced in the tangential direction and at varied vertical positions in the combustion chamber so as to cause the materials in the combustion chamber (i.e., the mixture of air and particles) to swirl. The secondary air injection can have a significant effect on the air-fuel particle flow in the combustion chamber, and more particularly strengthens the swirling flow, promotes axial recirculation, increases particle mass fluxes in the combustion chamber, and retains more fuel particles in the combustion chamber. This process increases the residence time of the particle flow. The turbulent flow of the fuel particles and air is well mixed and mostly burned in the combustion chamber, with any unburned waste and particles being directed to the cyclone separator, where such unburned waste and particles are burned completely, and flying ash is divided and collected in a container connected to the cyclone separator, while dioxin production is significantly minimized if not altogether eliminated. A Stirling engine along with cooling system and engine control box is integrated with the SFBC chamber to produce electricity from the waste combustion process. Residual heat in the flue gas may be captured after the combustion chamber and directed to a fuel feeder to first dry the biomass. System exhaust is directed to a twisted tube-based shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) and may produce hot water for space heating. 1. A system for fluidized bed combustion , comprising: a primary air distribution and delivery system configured to provide vertical airflow through said combustion chamber; and', 'a secondary air distribution and ...

Large-size Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, Air Distributor and Air Distributor Assembly

The present invention provides a circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising: furnace side walls; a ceiling; an air distribution plate provided at a bottom of a furnace; and at least one air distribution cone provided on the air distribution plate, wherein each air distribution cone extends upwards from the air distribution plate into an interior of the furnace and has a shape gradually tapered in an extending direction, cone side walls which form the air distribution cone are provided with secondary air ports, the cone side walls are separated from the furnace side walls, and a furnace combustion space is formed and surrounded by the ceiling, the furnace side walls, the air distribution plate, and the cone side walls. The present invention further relates to an air distributor for a circulating fluidized bed boiler, the air distributor being provided on an air distribution plate of the boiler, wherein the air distributor is in a form of an air distribution cone, which extends upwards from the air distribution plate into an interior of a furnace to form a shape gradually tapered in an extending direction, and secondary air ports are formed in air distribution cone side walls forming the air distribution cone. The present invention also relates to an air distributor assembly for a circulating fluidized bed boiler. 1. A circulating fluidized bed boiler , comprising:furnace side walls;a ceiling;an air distribution plate provided at a bottom of a furnace; andat least one air distribution cone provided on the air distribution plate,wherein:each air distribution cone extends upwards from the air distribution plate into an interior of the furnace and has a shape gradually tapered in an extending direction,cone side walls which form the air distribution cone are provided with secondary air ports,the cone side walls are separated from the furnace side walls, anda furnace combustion space is formed and surrounded by the ceiling, the furnace side walls, the air distribution ...

A METHOD FOR OPERATING A FLUIDIZED BED BOILER

The invention relates to a method for operating a fluidized bed boiler, comprising: a) setting the ratio of secondary oxygen containing gas to primary oxygen containing fluidizing gas to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.8; b) carrying out the combustion of fuel with a fluidized bed comprising ilmenite particle; and to a fluidized bed boiler. 1. A method for operating a fluidized bed boiler , comprising:a) setting the ratio of secondary oxygen containing gas to primary oxygen containing fluidizing gas to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.8;b) carrying out the combustion of fuel with a fluidized bed comprising ilmenite particles.2. The method of claim 1 , characterized in that the ratio of secondary oxygen containing gas to primary oxygen containing fluidizing gas is set to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.7 claim 1 , preferably to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.65 claim 1 , more preferably to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.4 claim 1 , more preferably to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.3 claim 1 , wherein most preferably the ratio of secondary oxygen containing gas to primary oxygen containing fluidizing gas is set to 0.3. The method of or claim 1 , whereinthe fuel comprises biomass and the ratio of secondary oxygen containing gas to primary oxygen containing fluidizing gas is set to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.7, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.65, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.5, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.4, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.3, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.2, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.1; and/orthe fuel comprises waste and the ratio of secondary oxygen containing gas to primary oxygen containing fluidizing gas is set to a value ranging from 0.0 to 0.65, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.5, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.4, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.3, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.2, further preferably ranging from 0.0 to 0.1.4. The method of any one ...

Control method for the operation of a combustion boiler

The invention is in the field of boiler control and relates to a control method for the operation of a combustion boiler, comprising providing a predetermined upper limit (VF,max) for the flue gas velocity in at least one location of the boiler, monitoring the flue gas velocity (VF) during the combustion of fuel in said at least one location of the boiler, comparing the flue gas velocity (VF) with the predetermined upper limit (VF,max); decreasing the thermal load of the boiler if the flue gas velocity exceeds the predetermined upper limit (VF,max). The invention also relates to a control system configured to execute the control method.

METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTING GAS FOR OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION IN CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

The present disclosure provides a method for distributing gas for oxy-fuel combustion on a circulating fluidized bed. In the method, the gas is provided by three stages into a furnace of the circulating fluidized bed. The method includes: blowing in a first-stage gas containing oxygen and recycled flue gas from the bottom of the furnace; blowing in a second-stage gas containing recycled flue gas from a transition zone between a dense-phase zone and a dilute-phase zone of the furnace; and blowing in a third-stage gas containing oxygen from a side wall of the furnace. 1. A method for distributing gas for oxy-fuel combustion on a circulating fluidized bed , wherein the gas is provided by three stages into a furnace of the circulating fluidized bed , the method comprising the steps of:blowing in a first-stage gas containing oxygen and recycled flue gas from the bottom of the furnace;blowing in a second-stage gas containing recycled flue gas from a transition zone between a dense-phase zone and a dilute-phase zone of the furnace; andblowing in a third-stage gas containing oxygen from a side wall of the furnace.2. The method for distributing gas according to claim 1 , wherein a volume ratio of the oxygen in the first-stage gas is in a range of 25-35%.3. The method for distributing gas according to claim 1 , wherein the second-stage gas further contains oxygen.4. The method for distributing gas according to claim 3 , wherein a volume ratio of the oxygen in the second-stage gas is N claim 3 , where 0 Подробнее

CIRCULAR FLUIDIZING BED COMBUSTION SYSTEM WITH UNIFORM AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTING DEVICE

A circular fluidizing bed combustion system with uniform airflow distributing device is provided. The system comprises a fluidizing bed and a uniform airflow distributing device. The fluidizing bed is comprised of a fluidizing bed boiler body, an airflow distributing plate and a plurality of air caps, wherein, the airflow distributing plate is provided inside the fluidizing bed boiler body and divides the inner space of the fluidizing bed boiler body into a fluidizing chamber which is located in the upper portion of the boiler body and an air chamber which is located in the lower portion of the boiler body, and the plurality of air caps are arranged on the airflow distributing plate for injecting the fluidizing air into the fluidizing chamber. The inner space of the air chamber is divided into a distributing chamber that is located under the airflow distributing plate and an air inlet chamber that is located on one side of the distributing chamber by means of a perforated plate. The distributing chamber is comprised of a front wall, two side walls, a top wall that extends upwards obliquely from the upside of the front wall, and a bottom wall extends downwards obliquely from the downside of the front wall. A first guide plate, a second guide plate and a third guide plate are installed in the distributing chamber. This system makes the flow of the fluidizing air entered into the fluidizing chamber through each air cap uniform, and enhances the combusting efficiency of the coal powder in the fluidizing chamber. 1. A circular fluidizing bed combustion system with uniform airflow distributing device , comprising:a fluidizing bed that is comprised of a fluidizing bed boiler body, an airflow distributing plate that is provided inside the fluidizing bed boiler body and divides the inner space of the fluidizing bed boiler body into a fluidizing chamber which is located in the upper portion of the boiler body and an air chamber which is located in the lower portion of the ...

Chemical-looping combustion method with ashes and fines removal in the reduction zone and plant using same

The invention relates to an improved method for chemical-looping combustion of a solid hydrocarbon-containing feed using a particular configuration of the reduction zone with: a first reaction zone R1 operating under dense fluidized bed conditions; a second reaction zone R2; a fast separation zone S3 for separation of the unburnt solid feed particles, of fly ashes and of the oxygen-carrying material particles within a mixture coming from zone R2; fumes dedusting S4; a particle stream division zone D7, part of the particles being directly recycled to first reaction zone R1, the other part being sent to an elutriation separation zone S5 in order to collect the ashes through a line 18 and to recycle the dense particles through a line 20 to first reaction zone R1. The invention also relates to a chemical-looping combustion plant allowing said method to be implemented.

CHEMICAL-LOOPING COMBUSTION METHOD WITH ASHES AND FINES REMOVAL AT THE OXIDATION ZONE OUTLET AND PLANT USING SAME

The invention relates to a method for chemical-looping combustion of a solid hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, wherein the ashes and fines are removed at the outlet of reactive oxidation zone R by sending transported phase () coming from reactive zone R, comprising gas and solid, to a gas-solid separation zone S, then by sending solid stream () coming from gas-solid separation zone S to a dense phase elutriation separation zone S fluidized by a non-reducing gas () allowing the fines and the fly ashes to be separated from the oxygen-carrying material particles. Optionally, deeper separation is carried out in a dedusting zone S arranged downstream from dense phase elutriation separation zone S 1. A method for chemical-looping combustion of a hydrocarbon feedstock of solid particles , wherein an oxygen-carrying material circulates in form of particles , comprising:{'b': '0', 'contacting hydrocarbon feedstock particles with the oxygen-carrying material particles in a reduction zone R,'}{'b': 0', '1, 'contacting oxygen-carrying material particles from reduction zone R with an oxidizing gas stream in a reactive oxidation zone R,'}{'b': 1', '2, 'sending transported phase from reactive zone R comprising gas and solid to a gas-solid separation zone S so as to separate: a predominantly gaseous transported phase comprising fly ashes and oxygen-carrying material fines, and a solid stream comprising the major part of the fines, the fly ashes and the major part of the oxygen-carrying material particles,'}{'b': 2', '3', '0, 'sending solid stream from gas-solid separation zone S to a dense phase elutriation separation zone S fluidized by a non-reducing gas allowing to separate the fines and the fly ashes from the oxygen-carrying material particles so as to send a particle stream comprising the major part of the oxygen carrier particles to reduction zone R, and to discharge through a discharge line a predominantly gaseous effluent comprising the major part of the fly ashes and of ...

DUAL-BED SYSTEM FOR PREVENTING BOILER HEATING SURFACE FROM BEING CONTAMINATED

A dual-bed system for preventing a boiler heating surface from being contaminated comprises a fluidized bed, a cyclone separator, a coal ash distributor, an ash-coal mixer, a lower pyrolysis bed, a return feeder and a cleaner, wherein the cyclone separator is connected with the upper lateral side of the fluidized bed; the inlet end of the coal ash distributor; the two outlets of the coal ash distributor are respectively connected with the inlet of the return feeder and the inlet of the ash-coal mixer; the outlet of the ash-coal mixer is connected with the inlet of the lower pyrolysis bed; the return feeder close to the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed is connected with the inlet on the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed; and the outlet of the cleaner is connected with the inlet on the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed. 1. A dual-bed system for preventing a boiler heating surface from being contaminated comprising: a fluidized bed , a cyclone separator , a coal ash distributor , an ash-coal mixer , a lower pyrolysis bed , a return feeder and a cleaner , whereinthe cyclone separator is connected with the upper lateral side of the fluidized bed so that the high-temperature coal ash from the fluidized bed enters the cyclone separator, the outlet end of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet end of the coal ash distributor;the coal ash distributor is provided with two outlets one of which is connected with the inlet of the return feeder and the other one of which is connected with the inlet of the ash-coal mixer;the outlet of the ash-coal mixer is connected with the inlet of the lower pyrolysis bed;the lower pyrolysis bed is provided with two outlets one of which is connected with the inlet of the return feeder and the other one of which is connected with the inlet of the cleaner;the return feeder close to the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed is connected with the inlet on the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed; andthe outlet of ...

SPRAY, JET, AND/OR SPLASH INDUCED CIRCULATION AMONG INTEGRATED BUBBLING ZONES IN A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Various aspects provide for a fluidized bed reactor comprising a container having a bed of bed solids and a splashgenerator configured to impart a directed momentum to a portion of the bed solids. A bedwall may separate the bed solids into first and second reaction zones, and the directed momentum may be used to transfer bed solids from one zone to the other. A return passage may provide for return of the transferred bed solids, providing for circulation between the zones. A compact circulating bubbling fluidized bed may be integrated with a reactor having first and second stages, each with its own fluidization gas and ambient. A multistage reactor may comprise a gaswall separating at least the gas phases above two different portions of the bed. A gaslock beneath the gaswall may provide reduced gas transport while allowing bed transport, reducing contamination. 1400400410410420500700. A fluidized bed reactor ( , ′ , , ′ , , , ) configured to react a fuel in a fluidized bed of bed solids , the reactor comprising:{'b': '303', 'claim-text': [{'b': '312', 'claim-text': [{'b': 314', '312, 'a LowOx gas inlet () disposed at a first portion of a bottom of the container and configured to fluidize the bed solids in the LowOx reaction zone () to create a first bubbling fluidized bed; and'}, {'b': 311', '314, 'a LowOx gas supply () configured to supply an inert and/or less-oxidizing gas to the LowOx gas inlet () to volatilize the fuel to yield a volatiles stream and char; and'}], 'a LowOx reaction zone () comprising, {'b': '332', 'claim-text': [{'b': 334', '332, 'an oxidant inlet () disposed at a second portion of the bottom of the container configured to fluidize the bed solids in the HiOx reaction zone () to create a second bubbling fluidized bed;'}, {'b': 331', '334', '311, 'a HiOx gas supply () configured to supply the oxidant inlet () with a gas that is more oxidizing than that supplied by the LowOx gas supply (), the HiOx gas supply and oxidant inlet configured to combust ...

Reactor for Chemical-Looping Combustion

Systems and methods are provided for enhancement of gaseous CLC in a fixed-bed process, marked by an increase in COcapture efficiency and oxygen carrier utilization, while reducing disadvantages of a conventional fixed-bed operation. The disclosed systems/methods provide a CLC fixed-bed reactor design in which the direction of the fuel gas is intermittently reversed during a single fuel oxidation step. In this reverse-flow mode, oxygen carrier reduction reactions are displaced over the ends of the reactor, which increases contact between fuel and oxidized solids and alleviates and/or mitigates problems of carbon deposition encountered by most oxygen carriers. 1. A chemical-looping process , comprising:a. delivering fuel gas to a fixed-bed reactor in connection with a fuel oxidation step, the fuel gas being delivered to the fixed-bed reactor in a first flow direction relative to the fixed-bed reactor; andb. reversing flow direction of the fuel gas to the fixed-bed reactor in connection with the fuel oxidation step to a second flow direction that is opposite to the first flow direction.2. The chemical-looping process of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oxidation step accomplishes oxygen separation by a dual-step approach that includes:a. oxidation of a hydrocarbon fuel included in the flue gas by a metal oxygen carrier; andb. regeneration of the metal oxygen carrier by air oxidation.3. The chemical-looping process of claim 2 , further comprising separating a pure stream of carbon dioxide after condensing water vapor from the fuel oxidation step.4. The chemical-looping process of claim 1 , wherein autothermal reforming is accomplished without a need for oxygen or carbon dioxide separation.5. The chemical-looping process according to claim 1 , wherein the flow direction of the flue gas is reversed at controlled time intervals during a single fuel oxidation step.6. The chemical-looping process of claim 5 , wherein the controlled time intervals are between about 0.5 seconds and ...

Dual Mode Regenerative Burner System and a Method of Heating a Furnace Using a Dual Mode Regenerative Burner System

A method and apparatus for heating a furnace using a burner system having first and second burner assemblies, each including a burner and a regenerative media bed, the method including operating the first burner assembly in a firing mode and the second burner assembly in a regeneration mode, switching the first burner assembly from the firing mode to the regeneration mode and the second burner assembly from the regeneration mode to the firing mode, and operating the second burner assembly in the firing mode and the first burner assembly in the regeneration mode. The burner assembly in the firing mode may be fired in either a first operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated low calorific fuel and the burner is supplied with oxidizing gas or a second operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated oxidizing gas and the burner is supplied with high calorific fuel.

FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM

A fluidized bed system is a single unitary modular system that packages a circulation fan, a fluidized bed, and a dust collection system within a same structure. The structure is formed to include internal ducts to provide fluid communication between the circulation fan, the fluidized bed, and the dust collection system. The fan provides a flow of air via a pressure duct to the fluidized bed. Particulate is separated from particles included on the fluidized bed by the flow of air being uniformly distributed to the fluidized bed. Particulate separated in a disengagement area and suspended in the flow of air is conducted through a particulate clearance space surrounding the dust collection system. The particulate is captured by the dust collection system and conveyed to a location external to the system. 1. A fluidized bed system comprising:an enclosure having an inner chamber;a fluidized bed positioned in the inner chamber and configured to process particles and remove particulate;a dust collection system positioned in the inner chamber above the fluidized bed at a disengaging height and configured to receive particulate separated from the particles and transported in a particulate clearance space surrounding the dust collection system in the inner chamber; anda fan included in a plenum, the plenum included in the inner chamber and comprising a suction duct, and a pressure duct configured to provide a laminar flow of air to the fluidized bed.2. The fluidized bed system of claim 1 , wherein pressure duct is configured to direct the laminar flow of air through the fluidized bed toward the dust collection system and the particulate clearance space.3. The fluidized bed system of claim 1 , wherein the dust collection system includes a hopper configured to capture at least some of the particulate claim 1 , the particulate clearance space surrounding the dust collection system defined by an outer wall of the hopper.4. The fluidized bed system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BIOMASS COMBUSTION

Disclosed is a system and method for the combustion of biomass material employing a swirling fluidized bed combustion (SFBC) chamber, and preferably a second stage combustion carried out in a cyclone separator. In the combustion chamber, primary air is introduced from a bottom air box that fluidizes the bed material and fuel, and staged secondary air is introduced in the tangential direction and at varied vertical positions in the combustion chamber so as to cause the materials in the combustion chamber (i.e., the mixture of air and particles) to swirl. The secondary air injection can have a significant effect on the air-fuel particle flow in the combustion chamber, and more particularly strengthens the swirling flow, promotes axial recirculation, increases particle mass fluxes in the combustion chamber, and retains more fuel particles in the combustion chamber. This process increases the residence time of the particle flow. The turbulent flow of the fuel particles and air is well mixed and mostly burned in the combustion chamber, with any unburned waste and particles being directed to the cyclone separator, where such unburned waste and particles are burned completely, and flying ash is divided and collected in a container connected to the cyclone separator, while dioxin production is significantly minimized if not altogether eliminated. The system exhaust is directed to a pollutant control unit and heat exchanger, where the captured heat may be put to useful work. 1. A system for fluidized bed combustion , comprising: a primary air distribution and delivery system configured to provide vertical airflow through said combustion chamber; and', 'a secondary air distribution and delivery system configured to provide a plurality of vertically displaced, horizontally aligned, tangential airflows in said combustion chamber; and, 'a combustion chamber, said combustion chamber further comprisinga biomass feeder in communication with an interior of said combustion chamber ...

CHEMICAL-LOOPING COMBUSTION METHOD WITH DILUTE PHASE REMOVAL OF ASHES AND FINES IN THE OXIDATIONZONE AND PLANT USING SAME

The invention relates to a method for chemical-looping combustion of a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising: 1. A method for chemical-looping combustion of a hydrocarbon feedstock of solid particles , wherein an oxygen-carrying material circulates in form of particles , comprising:{'b': '0', 'contacting hydrocarbon feedstock particles with the oxygen-carrying material particles in a reduction zone R,'}{'b': 0', '1, 'contacting oxygen-carrying material particles from reduction zone R with an oxidizing gas stream in a reactive oxidation zone R,'}{'b': 1', '2', '0', '2', '1, 'separating the fly ashes, the fines and the oxygen-carrying material particles within a mixture from zone R by dilute phase elutriation in a dilute phase separation zone S so as to discharge through a discharge line a gaseous effluent comprising the major part of the fly ashes and of the oxygen-carrying material fines, and to send a particle stream comprising the major part of the oxygen-carrying particles to reduction zone R, the driving force required for dilute phase elutriation in S being provided by the oxidizing gas stream coming from reactive oxidation zone R.'}2121. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-carrying particles are circulated in a loop in oxidation zone R by means of a line allowing to recycle a stream of oxygen-carrying particles sedimented in the dense fluidized phase claim 1 , from the bottom of separation zone S to the lower part of oxidation zone R.323. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein heat is recovered in the dense fluidized phase formed in the bottom of separation zone S by means of a heat exchanger E.41. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an additional oxidizing gas stream is fed to the top of reactive zone R so as to maintain a gas velocity ranging between 30 and 300% of the mean terminal settling velocity of the oxygen-carrying material fines of diameter ranging between 50 and 150 μm.5. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising:{'b ...

CLC FACILITY COMPRISING A SOLID/SOLID SEPARATOR WITH MEANS FOR DISTRIBUTING A GAS-SOLID MIXTURE

The invention relates to a CLC plant for the combustion of solid hydrocarbon feedstocks generating particles of unburnt residues, comprising a solid/solid separator above the combustion reactor in order to efficiently separate the particles of the oxygen-carrying solid from the particles of unburnt residues contained in the gas/solid mixture () exiting from the combustion reactor. The chamber () of the solid/solid separator, the combustion reactor and the inlet () for the gas/solid mixture () of the chamber have a parallelepiped shape. The inlet () is equipped at its top with means () for distribution of said gas/solid mixture in the chamber which extend over the entire length of the inlet, improving the solid/solid separation. 1. A plant for the chemical looping combustion of a solid hydrocarbon feedstock generating particles of unburnt residues and employing particles of an oxygen-carrying solid , the plant comprising:a reduction reactor operating as fluidized bed in order to carry out the combustion of the solid hydrocarbon feedstock in contact with the particles of the oxygen-carrying solid, the reactor having a parallelepiped shape;an oxidation reactor operating as fluidized bed in order to oxidize the reduced particles of the oxygen-carrying solid originating from the reduction reactor by bringing into contact with an oxidizing gas;a solid/solid separator surmounting the reduction reactor in order to separate the particles of the oxygen-carrying solid from the particles of unburnt residues contained in the gas/solid mixture resulting from the reduction reactor, the solid/solid separator comprising a chamber of parallelepipedal shape comprising:a lower part operating as dense phase and an upper part operating as dilute phase;at least one inlet of parallelepipedal shape for the gas/solid mixture originating from the reduction reactor, the inlet emerging in the upper part of the chamber and being equipped at its top with means for distribution of the gas/solid ...

A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH A LOOPSEAL HEAT EXCHANGER

A circulating fluidized bed boiler is described, comprising a furnace, a loopseal, and a loopseal heat exchanger arranged in the loopseal. The loopseal heat exchanger comprises walls limiting an interior of the loopseal heat exchanger, a first particle outlet for letting out particulate material from the loopseal heat exchanger, an inlet for receiving bed material, heat exchanger tubes arranged in the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger, and a first ash removal channel configured to let out ash from the loopseal heat exchanger. An ash cooler is configured to receive ash from the first ash removal channel. In the loopseal heat exchanger the first ash removal channel is arranged at a lower level than the first particle outlet. 131-. (canceled)32. A circulating fluidized bed boiler , comprisinga furnace,a cyclone for separating bed material from gases,a loopseal, anda loopseal heat exchanger arranged in the loopseal, walls limiting an interior of the loopseal heat exchanger,', 'a first particle outlet for letting out particulate material from the loopseal heat exchanger,', 'an inlet for receiving bed material from the furnace via the cyclone,', 'heat exchanger tubes arranged in the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger,', 'a first ash removal channel configured to let out ash from the loopseal heat exchanger, and', 'an ash cooler configured to receive ash from the first ash removal channel such that the ash is not conveyed via the furnace from the loopseal heat exchanger to the ash cooler,', 'wherein the first ash removal channel is arranged at a lower level than the first particle outlet., 'the loopseal heat exchanger comprising33. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 32 , wherein:the walls limit a first compartment comprising the inlet for receiving bed material and a second compartment comprising the heat exchanger tubes,a first wall of the walls separates the first compartment from the second compartment and limits a first channel for conveying bed ...

Activation of Waste Metal Oxide as an Oxygen Carrier for Chemical Looping Combustion Applications

A process for producing black powder oxygen carriers for use in a chemical looping combustion unit includes the steps of: (a) removing and collecting the black powder waste material that was formed in a gas pipeline; (b) pre-treating the collected black powder to adjust its spherical shape to avoid attrition and fines production; and (c) activating the black powder to increase its reactivity rate and produce the black powder oxygen carrier that is suitable for use in the chemical looping combustion process as an oxygen carrier. 1. A process for producing an oxygen carrier that is suitable for use in a chemical looping combustion unit , comprising the steps of;removing and collecting black powder that is formed within a gas pipeline;pre-treating the collected black powder; andactivating the collected black powder to increase the reactivity of the black powder to form a black powder oxygen carrier for use in the chemical looping combustion unit.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the black powder comprises iron hydroxides claim 1 , iron oxides claim 1 , and iron carbonates.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the black powder is removed from a natural gas pipeline and collected using at least one of a separator and cyclone device such that gas laden with black powder passes through the separator or cyclone claim 1 , and black powder particles are knocked out of the gas stream to walls of the separator or cyclone claim 1 , where they fall and are collected internally within the separator or cyclone in a collection media.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the collected black powder is pre-treated via a synthesis method.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the synthesis method consists one of a spray drying process and a freeze granulation process.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the synthesis method comprises the steps of:forming a powder mixture that comprises about 60.1% black powder and about 39.9% manganese ore; homogenizing the aqueous suspension;', 'spray drying ...

AIR DISTRIBUTION NOZZLE AND A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

An air distribution nozzle and fluidized bed including said nozzle, the nozzle including a gas inlet pipe and an air distribution cap defining a space inbetween them, first air outlet means allowing air to flow from the gas inlet pipe to the space and second outlet means allowing air to flow from said space to the ambient area, wherein said second outlet means has an outer cross section along the outer surface of the cap that varies in its vertical height along its horizontal extension. 1. Air distribution nozzle comprising: 'an inner surface, an outer surface, a lower end section adapted to receive air from an associated air source, and an upper end section;', 'a gas inlet pipe, having'} an upper boundary, fixed to the upper end section of the gas inlet pipe,', 'a lower bottom, arranged at a vertical distance below said upper boundary and surrounding the gas inlet pipe, and', 'a peripheral wall, having an inner surface and an outer surface and extending between said upper boundary and said lower bottom, thereby defining at least one space between corresponding sections of the outer surface of the gas inlet pipe and the inner surface of the wall of the air distributor cap;, 'an air distribution cap, having'}first air outlet means allowing an air flow from the central gas inlet pipe into the space; anda plurality of second air outlet means allowing an air flow from said space into an ambient area,wherein the first and second air outlet means are arranged vertically offset, and at least one of said second air outlet means has an outer cross-section along the outer surface of said wall that varies in its vertical height along its horizontal extension.2. Air distribution nozzle according to claim 1 , wherein the air distribution nozzle has a plurality of the first air outlet means.3. Air distribution nozzle according to claim 1 , wherein the first air outlet means are provided vertically above the second air outlet means.4. Air distribution nozzle according to claim 1 , ...

PYROLYSIS-COMBUSTION DUAL-BED SYSTEM FOR ELIMINATING CONTAMINATION CAUSED BY COMBUSTION OF HIGH-SODIUM COAL

A pyrolysis-combustion dual-bed system Comprises a fluidized bed, a cyclone separator, a coal ash distributor, an ash-coal mixer, a lower pyrolysis bed, a return feeder and a cleaner, wherein the cyclone separator is connected with an upper lateral side of the fluidized bed, the outlet end of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet end of the coal ash distributor; the two outlets of the lower pyrolysis bed are respectively connected with the inlet of an external bed and the inlet of the cleaner; the outlet of the external bed is connected with the inlet of the return feeder; the return feeder close to the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed is connected with the inlet on the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed; and the outlet of the cleaner is connected with the inlet of the lower lateral side of the fluidized bed. 1. A pyrolysis-combustion dual-bed system for eliminating the contamination caused by the combustion of a high-sodium coal , comprising: a fluidized bed , a cyclone separator , a coal ash distributor , an ash-coal mixer , a lower pyrolysis bed , a return feeder and a cleaner , wherein the cyclone separator is connected with an upper lateral side of the fluidized bed so that the high-temperature coal ash from the fluidized bed enters the cyclone separator , the outlet end of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet end of the coal ash distributor which is provided with two outlets one of which is connected with the inlet , of the return feeder and the other one of which is connected with the inlet of the ash-coal mixer; the outlet of the ash-coal mixer is connected with the inlet of the lower pyrolysis bed; the lower pyrolysis bed is provided with two outlets one of which is connected with the inlet of an external bed and the other one of which is connected with the inlet of the cleaner; the outlet of the external bed is connected with the inlet of the return feeder; the return feeder close to the lower lateral side of tire ...

External Bed Type Double-Fluidized Bed System for Preventing Boiler Contamination

An external bed type double-fluidized bed system for preventing boiler contamination includes a fluidized bed combustion furnace, a cyclone separator, a coal ash distributor and a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace. The fluidized bed combustion furnace is connected with the coal ash distributor, the coal ash distributor is connected with the coal ash inlet on a side wall of the fluidized bed combustion furnace through a return feeder with which the coal ash outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is also connected through an external bed, and the return feeder is connected with the fluidized bed combustion furnace. A fuel coal is pyrolyzed in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace at a temperature to volatize alkali chlorides into a pyrolysis gas, thereby reducing the content of the alkali chlorides contained in the coal in the fluidized bed combustion furnace and relieving the contamination to a convective heat-absorbing surface. 1456845545665641388881315413. An external bed type double-fluidized bed system for preventing boiler contamination , comprising a fluidized bed combustion furnace () , a cyclone separator () , a coal ash distributor () and a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace () , wherein the outlet on the upper end of a side wall of the fluidized bed combustion furnace () is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator () , the cyclone separator () separates the high-temperature coal ash from the fluidized bed combustion furnace (); the outlet on the bottom of the cyclone separator () is connected with the inlet of the coal ash distributor () to feed the separated high-temperature coal ash into the coal ash distributor () , a smoke outlet is provided on the top of the cyclone separator (); a first coal ash outlet and a second coal ash outlet are provided on the coal ash distributor () , the first coal ash outlet is connected with the coal ash inlet on a side wall of the fluidized bed combustion furnace () through a return feeder () , and the second coal ...

Fluidized Bed Apparatus

Fluidized bed apparatus, comprising a circulating fluidized bed reactor with at least one outlet port at its upper part, wherein said outlet port allows a mixture of gas and solid particles exhausted from the fluidized bed reactor to flow into a number (n) of associated separators for separating solid particles from said gas, a number (n) of means to transfer said separated solid particles from said (n) separators into a number (up to n) of discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (), and return means to transport at least part of said solid particles back from said discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers () into the circulating fluidized bed reactor, wherein the number (up to n) of discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers () are mechanically connected to provide one common fluidized bed heat exchanger ()mwith water cooled intermediate walls (i) between adjacent discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (). 11016161018201824124224324102412422432424241242243i. Fluidized bed apparatus , comprising a circulating fluidized bed reactor () with at least one outlet port () at its upper part , wherein said outlet port () allows a mixture of gas and solid particles exhausted from the fluidized bed reactor () to flow into a number (n) of associated separators () for separating solid particles from said gas , a number (n) of means () to transfer said separated solid particles from said (n) separators () into a number (up to n) of discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (. , . , .) , and return means to transport at least part of said solid particles back from said discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers () into the circulating fluidized bed reactor () , wherein the number (up to n) of discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (. , . , .) are mechanically connected to provide one common fluidized bed heat exchanger () with water cooled intermediate walls () between adjacent discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (. , . , .).224124224324. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 1 , ...

SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW DIRECTION, FLOW RATE AND TEMPERATURE OF SOLIDS

An apparatus for controlling flow of a material includes an inlet for receiving the material from a source, and a seal mechanism connected to the inlet, the seal mechanism having a fluidizing bed configured to receive the material from the inlet, a first discharge passageway and a second discharge passageway. The fluidizing bed includes a first transport zone associated with the first discharge passageway and a second transport zone associated with the second discharge passageway, wherein the first and second transport zones are configured to receive transport gas from a transport gas source. The transport gas is controllable to selectively divert a flow of the material into the first discharge passageway and the second discharge passageway. 1. An apparatus for controlling flow of a material , comprising:an inlet for receiving the material from a source; anda seal mechanism connected to the inlet, the seal mechanism having a fluidizing bed configured to receive the material from the inlet, a first discharge passageway and a second discharge passageway;wherein the fluidizing bed includes a first transport zone associated with the first discharge passageway and a second transport zone associated with the second discharge passageway, the first and second transport zones being configured to receive transport gas from a transport gas source; andwherein the transport gas is controllable to selectively divert a flow of the material into the first discharge passageway and the second discharge passageway.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a bypass pathway fluidly coupled to the first discharge passageway; anda heat exchange pathway fluidly coupled to the second discharge passageway, the heat exchange pathway having at least one heat exchanger associated therewith for controlling a temperature of the material.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:the heat exchange pathway includes a heat exchange chamber housing the heat exchanger and an empty chamber upstream ...

METHOD FOR OPERATING A FLUIDIZED BED BOILER

The invention relates to a method for operating a fluidized bed boiler (), comprising the steps of: a) providing fresh ilmenite particles having a shape factor of 0.8 or lower as bed material to the fluidized bed boiler (); b) carrying out a fluidized bed combustion process; c) removing at least one ash stream comprising ilmenite particles from the fluidized bed boiler; d) separating ilmenite particles from the at least one ash stream, wherein the separation includes a step of using a magnetic separator () comprising a field strength of 2,000 Gauss or more; e) recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler; wherein the average residence time of ilmenite particles in the fluidized bed is 100 h or more.

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR RECYCLING FLUIDIZED BOILER BED MATERIAL

The invention relates to a system for recycling fluidized bed boiler bed material, comprising: a. a bottom ash removal device for removing bed material from a fluidized bed boiler, b. a mechanical classifier () comprising a mesh size from 200 to 1,000 μm designed to separate a coarse and a fme particle size fraction, c. a magnetic separator () designed to magnetically classify the fine particle fraction from the mechanical classifier, d. a device for recirculating the magnetic particle fraction into the boiler. The invention allows effective recirculation and reuse of ilmenite bed material.

Air Nozzle Arrangement in a Fluidized Bed Boiler, Grate for a Fluidized Bed Boiler, and a Fluidized Bed Boiler

An air nozzle arrangement for a fluidized bed boiler, comprising an air feed pipe and an air nozzle which limit an air feed duct configured to supply air to the furnace of the fluidized bed boiler. The air nozzle arrangement comprises a surface configured to guide coarse material along said surface. At least part of said surface is thermally insulated from the air nozzle and/or the air feed pipe. Furthermore, at least part of said surface is configured to protect at least part of said air nozzle and/or air feed pipe. Thus, the temperature of said surface is configured to be high when the fluidized bed boiler is in operation, whereby the solidification of molten material of the fluidized bed in the air nozzle arrangement is reduced. 118-. (canceled)19. An air nozzle arrangement for a fluidized bed boiler , comprising:several air nozzles spaced from each other in a longitudinal direction of the air nozzle arrangement;an air feed pipe that is connected to one of the air nozzles and that, with the air nozzle, limits an air feed duct;the air feed duct being configured to supply air to a furnace of the fluidized bed boiler; and the air nozzle,', 'the air feed pipe, or', 'both the air nozzle and the air feed pipe, and, 'a surface, wherein at least part of said surface is configured to protect at least part of'} the air nozzle,', 'the air feed pipe, or', 'both the air nozzle and the air feed pipe, wherein, 'at least part of said surface is thermally insulated from'} at least 50% of the surface is arranged at an angle of at least 10 degrees to the horizontal plane, whereby', 'the surface is configured to guide coarse material along said surface in such a way that liquid metal carried along with the solids of the furnace does not solidify when it hits the surface, and the solids are guided along the surface downwards and to the side according to the shape of the surface, wherein the temperature of said surface is configured to be high when the fluidized bed boiler is in ...

Circulating fluidized bed apparatus

A circulating fluidized bed apparatus, comprising a circulating fluidized bed furnace 10 with an outer furnace wall 10r and at least one heat exchange chamber 20, which is friction-locked to a section of the outer furnace wall 10r, as well as a platform PL which extends horizontally and at a distance to an upper ceiling 10c of said heat exchange chamber 20, wherein the heat exchange chamber 20 is further supported by at least one leverage 50, which is arranged onto said platform PL and extends from a first end 50f, pivotally mounted to the outer furnace wall 10r, away from said furnace wall 10r to a second end 50s, and a fastener 60 extending downwardly from said second end 50s of said leverage 50 to a part of the heat exchange chamber 20 offset the outer furnace wall 10r.

FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM

A fluidized bed system is a single unitary modular system that packages a circulation fan, a fluidized bed, and a dust collection system within a same structure. The structure is formed to include internal ducts to provide fluid communication between the circulation fan, the fluidized bed, and the dust collection system. The fan provides a flow of air via a pressure duct to the fluidized bed. Particulate is separated from particles included on the fluidized bed by the flow of air being uniformly distributed to the fluidized bed. Particulate separated in a disengagement area and suspended in the flow of air is conducted through a particulate clearance space surrounding the dust collection system. The particulate is captured by the dust collection system and conveyed to a location external to the system. 1. A fluidized bed system comprising:an enclosure having an inner chamber positioned below a dust hopper;a fluidized bed positioned in the inner chamber below the dust hopper and configured to process particles and remove particulate;a fan included in a plenum, the fan configured to provide a flow of air through the fluidized bed toward the dust hopper; anda wall defining the inner chamber, the dust hopper moveably positioned vertically within the inner chamber at a predetermined height above the fluidized bed to separate a predetermined size of particulate from the particles within the flow of air toward the dust hopper, the dust hopper at least partially surrounded by the wall to provide a particulate clearance space between the wall and the dust hopper, an entrance to the particulate clearance space configured to receive only the predetermined size of the particulate separated from the particles within the flow of air due to the predetermined height.2. The fluidized bed system of claim 1 , further comprising a pressure duct at an outlet of the fan and a suction duct at an inlet of the fan claim 1 , the suction duct having heated air that is in thermal communication ...

FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND METHOD FOR ENHANCING FURNACE EFFICIENCY OF THE SAME

A method for enhancing furnace efficiency of a fluidized bed boiler is provided. The fluidized bed boiler includes a boiler body for carrying out fuel combustion in a fluidized bed thereof; a fluidized gas inlet for inputting an oxygen-containing fluidized gas into the boiler body to fluidize a boiler bed and facilitate the fuel combustion; a steam outlet for outputting a steam resulting from the fuel combustion from the boiler body; and a flue-gas exhaust for emitting a flue gas resulting from the fuel combustion from the boiler body. The method includes steps of: detecting an oxygen concentration of the flue gas; feeding a portion of the flue gas back to the fluidized gas inlet; and dynamically adjusting a flow rate of the feeding fluidized gas according to oxygen concentrations of the flue gas and the feeding fluidized gas to achieve automatic control of the fluidized bed boiler.

METHOD AND PLANT FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING OXIDATION-REDUCTION COMBUSTION OF A GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK WITH INTERMEDIATE CATALYTIC STEAM REFORMING OF THE FEED

The invention relates to a method and to a plant for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion (CLC) of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, for example natural gas essentially containing methane. According to the invention, catalytic steam reforming of the feed is performed between two successive feed combustion steps on contact with an oxidation-reduction active mass in form of particles. The reforming catalyst is arranged in a fixed bed in an intermediate reforming zone () between the two reduction zones () where the two combustion steps are conducted. 1. A method for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed , comprising:sending gaseous hydrocarbon feed to a first fluidized-bed reduction zone to perform partial combustion of said gaseous hydrocarbon feed on contact with a first stream of particles of a redox active mass,separating the redox active mass particles and a gas stream contained in a mixture coming from the first reduction zone in order to send said gas stream to a reforming zone,carrying out catalytic steam reforming of said gas stream in the reforming zone comprising a reforming catalyst fixed bed in order to produce a gaseous effluent comprising syngas,sending said gaseous effluent to a second fluidized-bed reduction zone to perform combustion of said gaseous effluent on contact with a second stream of particles of a redox active mass,oxidizing the redox active mass particles that have stayed in the first and second reduction zones by contacting with an oxidizing gas stream in a fluidized-bed oxidation zone.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least part of the oxidized active mass particles is separated from an oxygen-depleted oxidizing gas stream after oxidation in the oxidation zone in order to form the first particle stream fed to the first reduction zone claim 1 , and the second particle stream fed to the second reduction zone is made up of the active mass particles coming from the first reduction zone ...

PLANT AND METHOD FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING OXIDATION-REDUCTION COMBUSTION OF A GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK WITH CATALYTIC PRE-REFORMING OF THE FEED

The invention relates to a plant and to a method for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, for example natural gas essentially containing methane. According to the invention, catalytic pre-reforming of the feed is performed in a pre-reforming zone comprising a fixed reforming catalyst, while benefiting from a heat transfer between the reduction or oxidation zone of the chemical loop and the pre-reforming zone adjoining the reduction or oxidation zone. Pre-reforming zone () and oxidation zone () or pre-reforming zone () and reduction zone () are thus thermally integrated within the same reactor () while being separated by at least one thermally conductive separation wall (). 1. A plant for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed , comprising:a pre-reforming zone comprising an inlet for the gaseous hydrocarbon feed, a feed point for an oxidizing reforming gas, an outlet for a gas mixture comprising syngas and a fixed catalyst for the reforming reaction,a reduction zone provided with means of injecting a fluidization gas, a feed point for said gas mixture, an inlet for a redox active mass in form of particles and an outlet for a gaseous effluent and for said redox active mass,an oxidation zone provided with a feed point for said redox active mass from reduction zone, means of injecting an oxidizing fluidization gas, and an outlet for a depleted oxidizing gas and for said redox active mass,wherein said pre-reforming zone and said oxidation zone or said pre-reforming zone and said reduction zone are thermally integrated in the same reactor while being separated by at least one thermally conductive separation wall.2. A plant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises the pre-reforming zone and the reduction zone.3. A plant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises the pre-reforming zone and the oxidation zone.4. A plant as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor ...

METHOD AND PLANT FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING OXIDATION-REDUCTION COMBUSTION OF A GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK WITH IN-SITU CATALYTIC REFORMING OF THE FEED

The invention relates to a method and to a plant for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion (CLC) of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed, for example natural gas essentially containing methane. According to the invention, catalytic reforming of the feed is performed within the reduction zone where combustion of the feed is conducted on contact with an oxidation-reduction active mass in form of particles. The reforming catalyst comes in form of untransported fluidized particles within the reduction zone. The catalyst thus confined in the reduction zone does not circulate in the CLC loop. 1. A method for chemical looping oxidation-reduction combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed , comprising:performing combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon feed within a fluidized-bed reduction zone through contact with a redox active mass in form of particles,performing catalytic reforming of said feed within said reduction zone on contact with a reforming catalyst distinct from the redox active mass, said catalyst coming in form of untransported fluidized particles within said reduction zone,performing combustion of the syngas produced by catalytic reforming within said reduction zone through contact with said redox active mass,sending to a fluidized-bed oxidation zone the redox active mass particles that have stayed in the reduction zone in order to oxidize said redox active mass particles through contact with an oxidizing gas stream.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the size of said catalyst particles is so selected that said particles have a minimum fluidization velocity Ulower than a given gas velocity Vin the reduction zone and a terminal free fall velocity Ugreater than said gas velocity V.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the size of the catalyst particles ranges between 1 mm and 30 mm claim 1 , preferably between 1.5 mm and 5 mm.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein gas velocity Vin the reduction zone ranges between 3 m/s and 15 m/s claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR FLUIDIZING SPENT CATALYST

A method is disclosed for fluidizing a spent catalyst in a regenerator during a combustion process. The combustor includes a vessel and an air distributor. The air distributor includes an air grid and a plurality of first nozzles extending from the air grid. Spent catalyst is introduced into the vessel. Air is provided to the vessel via the plurality of first nozzles at a base combustion air rate. Additional air is provided to the vessels via a plurality of second nozzles of a fluffing air distributor at a fluffing air rate that is between 0.5 wt % and 10 wt % of the base combustion air rate to fluidize the catalyst. The second nozzles have outlets that are disposed below the air grid and above a bottom head of the vessel. 1. A method for fluidizing a spent catalyst in a regenerator during a combustion process , the regenerator including a vessel and an air distributor , the air distributor including an air grid disposed at a bottom of the vessel and a plurality of first nozzles extending from the air grid , the method comprising:introducing the spent catalyst into the vessel;providing air to the vessel via the plurality of first nozzles at a base combustion air rate; andproviding additional air to the vessels via a plurality of second nozzles of a fluffing air distributor at a fluffing air rate that is between 0.5 wt % and 10 wt % of the base combustion air rate to fluidize the spent catalyst, the plurality of second nozzles having outlets that are disposed below the air grid and above a bottom head of the vessel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluffing air rate is between 1 wt % and 5 wt % of the base combustion air rate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outlet of at least one of the plurality of second nozzles is disposed at a height distance from a lower tangent line of the vessel that is between 50% and 70% of the height distance between the lower tangent line and the bottom head of the vessel.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outlets of the ...

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR A PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

A pyrolysis and gasification system produce a synthesis gas and bio-char from a biomass feedstock. The system includes a feed hopper that has a flow measurement device. The system also includes a reactor that is operable in a gasification mode or a pyrolysis mode. The reactor is configured to receive the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper. The reactor is operable to provide heat to the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to produce the synthesis gas and bio-char. The system also includes a cyclone assembly. The produced synthesis gas including the bio-char is fed to the cyclone assembly. The cyclone assembly removes a portion of the bio-char from the synthesis gas. 1. A pyrolysis and gasification system for producing a synthesis gas and bio-char from a biomass feedstock , comprising:a feed hopper, wherein the feed hopper comprises a flow measurement device;a reactor that is operable in a gasification mode or a pyrolysis mode, and wherein the reactor is configured to received the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper, and further wherein the reactor is operable to provide heat to the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to produce the synthesis gas and bio-char; the reactor including an upper portion and a lower portion,a cyclone assembly, wherein the produced synthesis gas comprising bio-char is fed to the cyclone assembly, and wherein the cyclone assembly removes bio-char from the synthesis gas, and an auger disposed in an upper portion of the reactor and adapted to convey biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to the reactor.2. The pyrolysis and gasification system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises a reactor bed claim 1 , wherein the reactor bed is fluidized by a fluidizing medium input.3. The pyrolysis and gasification system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises an upper portion and a bottom portion claim 1 , and wherein the upper portion comprises an increased diameter over a diameter of the bottom portion.4. The pyrolysis and ...

GASIFICATION MELTING FACILITY

A gasification melting facility comprises: a fluidized bed gasification furnace that generates pyrolysis gas by thermally decomposing waste and discharges incombustibles; a melting furnace into which the pyrolysis gas is fed; a pyrolysis gas passage that connects the fluidized bed gasification furnace and the melting furnace; a grinder that grinds the incombustibles discharged from the fluidized bed gasification furnace by passing the incombustibles through a plurality of rods; a vibratory sifter that screens the incombustibles ground in the grinder; a fixed amount feeder that feeds at a fixed amount the incombustibles that pass through the vibratory sifter, the fixed amount feeder including a plurality of transfer chambers rotatable between a position to receive the incombustibles from the vibratory sifter and a position to discharge the incombustibles; and an airflow conveyor that conveys the fixed amount of the incombustibles from the fixed amount feeder together with airflow. 1. A gasification melting facility comprising:a fluidized bed gasification furnace that generates pyrolysis gas by thermally decomposing waste and discharges incombustibles;a melting furnace into which the pyrolysis gas is fed;a pyrolysis gas passage that connects the fluidized bed gasification furnace and the melting furnace;a grinder that grinds the incombustibles discharged from the fluidized bed gasification furnace by passing the incombustibles through a plurality of rods;a vibratory sifter that screens the incombustibles ground by the grinder;a fixed amount feeder that feeds at a fixed amount the incombustibles that pass through the vibratory sifter, the fixed amount feeder including a plurality of transfer chambers rotatable between a position to receive the incombustibles from the vibratory sifter and a position to discharge the incombustibles; andan airflow conveyor that conveys the fixed amount of the incombustibles from the fixed amount feeder together with airflow to the ...

Material handling system for fluids

Material handling systems for fluids are disclosed herein. The fluid may be a liquid, solution, slurry, or emulsion. The systems receive as inputs the fluid, steam, and water. These feed into a surge tank where additives can be introduced. The steam and water are used to control some physical properties and enable the distribution of the fluid as desired. In particular embodiments, the system is useful for handling materials to be sent to a dual-phase fuel feeder for combustion in a fluidized-bed boiler, the energy being used to generate electricity or in various production processes.

CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH BOTTOM-SUPPORTED IN-BED HEAT EXCHANGER

A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has one or more bubbling fluidized bed enclosures containing heating surfaces and located within a lower portion of the CFB boiler to provide an in-bed heat exchanger (IBHX). Solids in the bubbling fluidized bed are maintained in a slow bubbling fluidized bed state by separately controlled fluidization gas supplies. The beds feature open bottom distribution grids with hoppers disposed below to collect solids. The enclosure defining the IBHX is supported from structures below the grids and the enclosure can be supported from the hoppers. 1. A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler comprising:a CFB reaction chamber having side walls and an open-bottom grid defining a floor at a lower end of the CFB reaction chamber for providing fluidizing gas into the CFB reaction chamber;at least one bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) located within a lower portion of the CFB reaction chamber and being bound by enclosure walls and the floor of the CFB reaction chamber, with the fluidizing gas feed to the BFB portion of the grid controlled separately from the fluidizing gas feed to the CFB portion of the grid;at least one controllable in-bed heat exchanger (IBHX), the IBHX occupying part of the CFB reaction chamber floor and being surrounded by the enclosure walls of the BFB;bottom-supported hoppers containing dormant solids disposed under the CFB and the BFB;the enclosure walls of the BFB being supported off the bottom-supported hoppers;the enclosure walls of the BFB are of cooled membrane gas-tight design around the perimeter of the BFB, including:at least one top opening for CFB solids influx into the BFB;at least one overflow port for setting the BFB height;at least one underflow port for BFB solids controlled recycle back into the CFB;the gas-tight BFB enclosure extending below the grid to the elevation sufficient for not exceeding a preset percentage of leakage of the fluidizing gas from the BFB into the CFB through the bed of the dormant ...

SUPERCRITICAL CO2 CYCLE COUPLED TO CHEMICAL LOOPING ARRANGEMENT

Systems and methods for coupling a chemical looping arrangement and a supercritical COcycle are provided. The system includes a fuel reactor, an air reactor, a compressor, first and second heat exchangers, and a turbine. The fuel reactor is configured to heat fuel and oxygen carriers resulting in reformed or combusted fuel and reduced oxygen carriers. The air reactor is configured to re-oxidize the reduced oxygen carriers via an air stream. The air stream, fuel, and oxygen carriers are heated via a series of preheaters prior to their entry into the air and fuel reactors. The compressor is configured to increase the pressure of a COstream to create a supercritical COstream. The first and second heat exchangers are configured to heat the supercritical COstream, and the turbine is configured to expand the heated supercritical COstream to generate power. 1. A system for coupling a chemical looping arrangement and a supercritical COcycle , the system comprising:a fuel reactor having a fuel inlet configured to receive fuel from a fuel source and a carrier inlet configured to receive oxygen carriers, wherein the fuel reactor is configured to react the fuel with the oxygen carriers resulting in reformed or combusted fuel and reduced oxygen carriers;an air reactor in fluid communication with the fuel reactor, the air reactor having an air stream inlet configured to receive an air stream from an air source, wherein the air reactor is configured to receive the reduced oxygen carriers from the fuel reactor and to re-oxidize the reduced oxygen carriers via the air stream resulting in oxygen-depleted air, wherein the air reactor is configured to transport a first portion of the re-oxidized oxygen carriers back to the fuel reactor;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'a compressor having a COinlet configured to receive a COstream from a COsource, wherein the compressor is configured to increase the pressure of the COstream thereby creating a high pressure supercritical COstream;'}{'sub ...

Fluidized bed combustion optimization tool and method thereof

A device for optimizing a modeled fluidized bed combustion power plant ( 10 ) includes a model ( 112 ) of a fluidized bed combustion system and an optimizer ( 114 ). The model ( 112 ) of the fluidized bed combustion system provides at least one simulated output parameter of the fluidized bed combustion power plant ( 10 ) in response to a user selected parameter of the fluidized bed combustion power plant ( 10 ). The optimizer ( 114 ) provides at least one optimized simulated output parameter of the fluidized bed combustion power plant ( 10 ) in response to at least one user selected optimization setting ( 126 ) and the at least one simulated output parameter.

流化床反应器的空气流量测量装置

一种流态化床反应器，在该反应器的壳体内装有空气分配板，用于支撑颗粒材料(包括燃料)床。空气分配板上有许多垂直布置的喷嘴穿过该板延伸，这些喷嘴用来接收来自空气通风装置中的空气，并使空气以足以使颗粒材料流态化，并可支持燃料燃烧或使其气化的流动速度排出到颗粒材料床内。第一压力检测装置置于至少一个喷嘴内，第二压力检测装置装在空气通风室内，因而就可测出颗粒材料床内的空气流量。

Fluidized bed system and a fluidization and cooling nozzle for use therein

A fluidized bed system in which a plate is disposed in an enclosure and is adapted to support particulate material. A nozzle is supported by the plate for receiving air and water and directing the air and water and into the particulate material to fluidize and cool same.

Cap for nozzles in an after combustion fluidized bed

A nozzle cap for a gas inlet fluidizing nozzle in the bottom plate of a post-combustion bed in a hot water or steam boiler with at least two fluidized beds is provided. Flue gases from an underlying combustion bed enter the post-combustion bed via a plurality of such gas inlet nozzles. Each nozzle cap is formed as a deflecting member for guiding the flue gases to the bed material and is shaped to minimize the risk of clogging of the cap with particles entrained in the flue gases and the risk of the cap being eroded by the fastly moving particles.

Nozzle

Method and apparatus for controlling heat transfer from solids particles in a fluidized bed

A method of and apparatus for controlling heat transfer in a fluidized bed reactor having a heat transfer chamber ( 312 ) with a bed ( 314 ) of solid particles therein, means ( 320,322 ) for introducing fluidizing gas into the heat transfer chamber for fluidizing the bed of solid particles therein and heat transfer surfaces ( 316 ) in contact with the bed of solid particles in the heat transfer chamber. Heat is transferred to said heat transfer surfaces from the solid particles. The fluidization of the bed of solid particles is varied according to a periodical function, e.g. by control means ( 34 ) periodically varying the flow velocity of fluidizing gas being introduced into the heat transfer chamber. Thereby the instantaneous heat transfer, as well as, the effective heat transfer from solid particles to the heat transfer surfaces may be controlled.

Distributor plate in a fluidized bed reactor

The grid plate is disposed between the fluidized bed reactor chamber and an underlying wind box and includes a plurality of nozzles for feeding fluidizing gas from the wind box into the reaction chamber. The nozzles are configured to afford different pressure drops across the grid such that with increasing pressure, additional nozzles are actuated in response to increasing pressure differences across the plate whereby fluidized bed start-up and steady state operating conditions may be facilitated.

Silicon production with a fluidized bed reactor utilizing tetrachlorosilane to reduce wall deposition

Silicon deposits are suppressed at the wall of a fluidized bed reactor by a process in which an etching gas is fed near the wall of the reactor. The etching gas includes tetrachlorosilane. A Siemens reactor may be integrated into the process such that the vent gas from the Siemens reactor is used to form a feed gas and/or etching gas fed to the fluidized bed reactor.

Patent JPH0368288B2

METHOD AND MEANS FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF A RECYCLED FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Patent DE2923250C2

환원 영역에서 나오는 애시 및 미세물이 제거되는 화학적 순환식 연소 방법 및 그 방법을 이용하는 설비

본 발명은 고형물 탄화수소 공급물의 화학적 순환식 연소 방법으로서, 반응 산화 영역 (R1) 에서 나오는 재 및 미세물이 제거되고, 반응 영역 (R1) 으로부터 유래하고 가스 및 고형물을 포함하는 동반된 상 (5) 이 가스-고형물 분리 영역 (S2) 으로 보내지며, 가스-고형물 분리 영역 (S2) 으로부터 유래하는 고형물 유동 (7) 이, 산소운반 물질의 입자로부터 미세물과 플라이 애시를 분리하는데 사용될 수 있는 비환원성 가스 (8) 에 의해 유동화된 밀집상 일루트리에이션 분리 영역 (S3) 으로 보내지는, 고형물 탄화수소 공급물의 화학적 순환식 연소 방법에 관한 것이다. 선택적으로는, 밀집상 일루트리에이션 분리 영역 (S3) 의 하류에 위치된 더스트 제거 영역 (S5) 에서 강화된 분리가 행해진다. 또한, 본 발명은 상기한 방법을 실행하는데 사용될 수 있는 화학적 순환신 연소 설비에 관한 것이다.

Production of silicon in fluidised bed reactor with use of tetrachlorosilane for decreasing sedimentation at reactor walls

FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of silicon production. Proposed method comprises feed of etching gas nearby the walls of fluidised bed reactor. Etching gas consists of, in fact, tetrachlorosilane. Siemens reactor can be incorporated with this process so that its exhaust gases are used as initial gas and/or etching gas to be fed to fluidised bed reactor. EFFECT: ruled out silicon sedimentation at fluidised bed reactor walls. 20 cl, 3 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 518 613 C2 (51) МПК B01J 8/24 (2006.01) C01B 33/03 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2011100476/05, 12.10.2009 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 12.10.2009 (72) Автор(ы): МОЛНАР Майкл (US) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ХЕМЛОК СЕМИКЭНДАКТОР КОРПОРЕЙШН (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.10.2012 Бюл. № 30 R U 05.11.2008 US 12/265,038 (45) Опубликовано: 10.06.2014 Бюл. № 16 29.12.2005. RU 2116963 C1, 10.08.1998. RU 2066296 C1, 10.09.1996 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 25.04.2011 (86) Заявка PCT: 2 5 1 8 6 1 3 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5772708 A, 30.06.1998. EA 6412 B1, 2 5 1 8 6 1 3 R U (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2010/053659 (14.05.2010) Адрес для переписки: 197101, Санкт-Петербург, а/я 128, "АРСПАТЕНТ", пат. пов. М.В. Хмаре, рег. N 771 (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КРЕМНИЯ В РЕАКТОРЕ С ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫМ СЛОЕМ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ТЕТРАХЛОРСИЛАНА ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ОСАЖДЕНИЯ НА СТЕНКАХ РЕАКТОРА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к способу получения в качестве исходного газа и/или травильного газа, кремния. В способе используют подачу которые подают в реактор с псевдоожиженным травильного газа около стенок реактора с слоем. Изобретение позволяет устранить псевдоожиженным слоем. Травильный газ состоит отложения кремния на стенках реактора с по существу из тетрахлорсилана. В этот ...

监测流化床反应器中内循环的方法和装置及装有此装置的反应器

一种用于连续监测循环的流化床中的固体颗粒的内循环流动速率的监测方法和装置，该流化床包括一底部区和一被壁包围起来的顶部区。该装置包括：一采样罐，用来对内循环固体进行采样，该罐固定在反应器的所述壁中的一个壁上，并设有流态化装置；一排放管，用来由所述罐中把所述固体排出，并把它们输送到测量装置中，用以测量固体颗粒的流动速率；以及一回流管，用来把所述固体由测量装置返回到反应器中。

Grille of air pumping rods for supplying air to the combustion chamber, designed for use in a reactor with a fluid bed and a reactor with a fluid bed

FIELD: energy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of energy. A grate (1) of air delivery rods for supplying air to the combustion chamber for use in a reactor (12) with a fluidized bed, while the grate (1) of air delivery rods for supplying air to the combustion chamber contains: at least two main air delivery collector rods (2), in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of main air delivery rods (3), which are transverse with respect to the specified main air delivery collector rods (2) and are located on the specified at least two main air delivery collector rods (2) so that the main air delivery collector rods (2) provide support for them, and are in fluid communication with at least two of said main air delivery manifold rods (2), while the main air delivery rods (2) and the main air delivery rods (3) define the ash removal holes in the grate (1) from the air delivery rods, a plurality of fluidization nozzles (4) located on each of the main air delivery rods (3) to provide fluidization in the reactor (12) with a fluidized bed, a number of ash bins (6) located under the ash removal holes, the main air-blowing collector rods (6) are made with the possibility of forming external air-cooled walls for ash bins (6), which are cooled by fluidizing gas under pressure. EFFECT: improving the collection of ash and non-combustible material in the fluidized bed reactor, uniform distribution of the fluidizing gas flow in the bed. 12 cl, 4 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 762 036 C1 (51) МПК F23C 10/20 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК F23C 10/20 (2021.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2021115267, 07.11.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: (73) Патентообладатель(и): СУМИТОМО ЭсЭйчАй ФВ ЭНЕРДЖИА ОЙ (FI) Дата регистрации: 14.12.2021 (45) Опубликовано: 14.12.2021 Бюл. № 35 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 07.06.2021 (86) Заявка ...

流動層を備える燃焼炉の有害ガス抑制制御装置

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Fluidiserad-beddvermevexlare med luftfordelningsplatta

Gas distributor with header and spaced apart sidewalls

A gas distribution grid (613) for fluidizing material in a reaction vessel has a plurality of gas distributors (610) each having a gas inlet (50) in fluid communication with a header (12) which is in fluid communication with a plurality of arms (14) extending through header (12). Arms (14) include apertures and nozzles (46) allowing gas flowing from inlet (50) into header (12) and through arms (14) to flow through nozzles (46) into a reaction vessel to fluidize material to be contained in the reaction vessel.

Fluidizing gas Nozzle assembly in a fluidized bed reactor

본 발명은 유동층 반응기용 유동화 가스 공급용 노즐에 관한 것으로, 그 목적은 유동층 하부 가스분산판에 심어져 있는 가스 공급 노즐을 고체 입자에 의한 막힘을 방지함으로써 노즐에 있어서 공급 가스에 의한 압력강하를 줄이고 우동층에 공급되는 가스를 로 면적에 골고루 분산시킬 수 있으며 제작하기 간편한 가스 공급 노즐을 제공하는데 있다. The present invention relates to a fluidized gas supply nozzle for a fluidized bed reactor, and an object thereof is to reduce the pressure drop caused by the supply gas in the nozzle by preventing the gas supply nozzles planted in the gas distribution plate under the fluidized bed from being blocked by solid particles. The gas supplied to the udon layer can be evenly distributed in the furnace area, and the gas supply nozzle is easy to manufacture. 본 발명의 구성은 노즐헤드(23)에 삽입되는 가스유입관(22)으로 구성된 분산노즐로 구성하되; 상기 노즐헤드(23)의 내부 측면에 수평면으로부터 30°~ 85°의 경사각도를 가지는 가스분출구(25)를 천공 형성하고, 상기 노즐헤드(23) 내부에 가스분출구(25)의 경사가 시작되는 지점으로부터 상방향으로 가스유입관(22)의 직경 및 높이보다 큰 직경 및 높이를 갖는 빈공간을 형성하고, 상기 가스분출구(25)의 경사가 시작되는 지점의 아래쪽으로는 가스유입관이 삽입되도록 그 외경에 해당되는 직경을 가지는 구멍을 천공하고, 가스유입관(22) 끝단이 가스분출구(25)의 경사가 시작되는 지점보다 더 높은 높이를 갖도록 노즐헤드 내부에 돌출 삽입시킨 돌출부(26)를 형성하여 구성한 것을 특징으로 한다. The configuration of the present invention comprises a dispersion nozzle consisting of a gas inlet pipe 22 is inserted into the nozzle head 23; In the inner side of the nozzle head 23 to form a perforated gas outlet 25 having an inclination angle of 30 ° to 85 ° from the horizontal plane, the inclination of the gas outlet 25 is started in the nozzle head 23 From the point to form an empty space having a diameter and height larger than the diameter and height of the gas inlet pipe 22, the gas inlet pipe is inserted below the point where the inclination of the gas outlet 25 is started Punch a hole having a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter, and a projection 26 protruded into the nozzle head so that the end of the gas inlet pipe 22 has a height higher than the point where the inclination of the gas outlet 25 starts. Formed and configured. 유동층, 연소로, 가스 공급 노즐부 , 공기 유입관, 입자 역류 Fluidized bed, combustion furnace, gas supply nozzle part, air inlet ...

Device with a fluidized spouted bed of annular form and the method of its work

FIELD: technological processes; chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a reaction chamber of a device with a fluidized spouted bed of annular shape for carrying out various chemical reactions, including purification of gas mixtures, drying materials, pyrolysis, gasification, burning solid fuel material, as well as the way of it works. Reaction chamber of the device has at least a part of the height of the funnel-shaped, narrowing downward form with a stepped structure of the inner surface and a tube coaxial with the reaction chamber for withdrawing the treatment products. To feed the fluidizing gases and / or materials and / or reagents in the device, channels passed through the reaction chamber housing are made. EFFECT: such form of the reaction chamber, together with the tangential supply of fluidized and other gases into it, allows to create a controlled toroidal fluidized bed in the reaction chamber, in which it is possible to regulate the rotation speed of the parts of the processed material in both the horizontal and vertical planes, and also to control the residence time in the reaction zone of parts of different fineness, the intensity of processing of materials and other parameters of technological processes. 23 cl, 19 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 650 154 C1 (51) МПК B01J 8/24 (2006.01) B01J 19/24 (2006.01) F26B 17/14 (2006.01) F23C 10/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 8/24 (2006.01); B01J 19/24 (2006.01); F26B 17/14 (2006.01); F23C 10/02 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2016149488, 16.12.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 16.12.2016 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: SU 162462 A2, 16.04.1964. US (45) Опубликовано: 09.04.2018 Бюл. № 10 (54) Устройство с псевдоожиженным фонтанирующим слоем кольцеобразной формы и способ его работы (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к ...

Järjestely ja menetelmä leijupetireaktorin pedin tilan valvontaan ja leijupetireaktori

Fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same

A fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same for the combustion of waste fuels in which the reactor vessel is divided into three vessels. Waste fuel is introduced into the fluidized bed within one vessel where it is mixed with bed make-up material that is controlled to provide an ideal environment for the generation of pyrolytic gases. The fluidized bed material is pneumatically and gravitationally conveyed downwardly, and injected into a fluidized bed within the second vessel where the involatile organic material undergoes combustion in an oxidizing atmosphere. The bed material in the second vessel is pneumatically conveyed upwardly and divided into two portions, one of which is recycled back to the first vessel. The other portion of the bed material in the second vessel is circulated to a fluidized bed within the third vessel where heat is recovered. The bed material in the heat recovery vessel is gravitationally conveyed back to the second vessel to regulate the temperature in the latter vessel.

Device for direct heating of a fluidized bed reactor

Kombinerat luft- och brenslemunstycke for virvelbeddsbrennkammare

流動床燃焼装置

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

An arrangement and method for monitoring the condition of a bed of a fluidized bed reactor

The present invention relates to an arrangement for monitoring the condition of a bed of a fluidized bed reactor, whereby an object of specific control is the coarse-matter content in the bed material. The arrangement comprises at least a sensor for measuring acoustic emission caused by particles in the fluidized bed. The sensor comprises a rod-shaped wave guide, one end of which is inside the reactor and the other end, outside the reactor, is provided with a piezoelectric sensor part for converting the received emission into an electric analog signal, whereby the part of the wave guide inside the reactor comprises an uninsulated portion for receiving emission, and an insulated portion. The arrangement further comprises means for treating the received signal for determining the frequency spectrum and/or envelope curve within a certain frequency range for monitoring the changes taking place in the fluidized bed.

Fluidized bed combustion optimization tool and method thereof

A device for optimizing a modeled fluidized bed combustion power plant (10) includes a model (112) of a fluidized bed combustion system and an optimizer (114). The model (112) of the fluidized bed combustion system provides at least one simulated output parameter of the fluidized bed combustion power plant (10) in response to a user selected parameter of the fluidized bed combustion power plant (10). The optimizer (114) provides at least one optimized simulated output parameter of the fluidized bed combustion power plant (10) in response to at least one user selected optimization setting (126) and the at least one simulated output parameter.

超临界低热值循环流化床锅炉的给水指令构建方法

一种超临界低热值循环流化床锅炉的给水指令构建方法，本发明属于超临界低热值循环流化床锅炉的给水控制技术领域，目的是解决传统的煤水比控制的方法存在着不能够实现给煤量与给水量的正确配合，既浪费燃料，又不能使超临界循环流化床锅炉机组达到最佳工作状态的技术问题，它包括：锅炉焓增修正系数形成的步骤；稳态给水指令形成的步骤；燃料调整给水指令形成的步骤；石灰石调整给水指令形成的步骤；给水流量指令形成步骤；本发明充分考虑了炉膛燃烧过程中石灰石的加入对燃烧工况的影响，能够及时准确的将炉膛燃烧过程中石灰石的加入对燃烧工况的影响反馈到给水指令中，实现煤量与给水量的正确配合，使超临界低热值循环流化床机组达到最佳的工作状态。

Method and apparatus for burning solid or sludge-like fuels in a fluidized bed

A stationary weakly expanded fluid bed for combustion of coal, refuse, sludge and the like has a free space above the fluid bed in which a so-called upper firing is effected with secondary air. The temperature of the secondary air is maintained above the temperature of the fluid bed to handle problems resulting from variations in fuel quality and varying loads and guarantees a stable upper firing.

Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Entsorgung und/oder Nutzung von unterschiedlichen Stoffen mittels stationärer Wirbelschichtfeuerungsanlagen für kleine Leistungen mit integrierter Nutzung der Abgasenergie

Verfahren zur Entsorgung und/oder Nutzung von unterschiedlichen Brennstoffen oder Entsorgungsgütern als Brennstoff als Einzelbrennstoff oder Brennstoffmix a) mittels einer stationären Wirbelschichtfeuerungsanlage für kleine Leistungen SWkLW, vorzugsweise für Leistungsbereiche von 20 bis 30 000 kW therm. mit integrierter Nutzung der Abgasenergie, wobei die SWkLW mindestens b) einen Reaktorraum (2) c) mit Wirbelbett d) mit Inertmaterial und e) Bettheizflächen (13), f) ein Freeboard (5), g) und eine Steuerung (9) umfasst, wobei h) der Brennstoff in das fluidisierte Wirbelbett eingetragen wird und i) dieser Eintrag bis zu einer Höhe von 90% des ruhenden Wirbelbettes erfolgt, j) die Verweilzeit zur thermischen Umsetzung des Brennstoffes wenigstens 2 bis 13 Sekunden im Reaktorraum (2) und Freeboard (5) beträgt, k) der Reaktorraum (2) unter atmosphärischen oder druckaufgeladenen Bedingungen mit einer Betriebsschichthöhe des Wirbelbettes von 60 cm bis 550 cm arbeitet, l) die Zusammensetzung des Brennstoffes und...