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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 9724. Отображено 100.
12-01-2012 дата публикации

Reproduction of Sound of Musical Instruments by Using Fiber Optic Sensors

Номер: US20120006184A1
Автор: Andrea Cusano, Michele Giordano
Принадлежит: OPTOADVANCE Srl

The present invention proposes a new system for reproducing of sound of musical instruments through the detection of acoustic vibrations by using fiber optic sensors, preferably fiber Bragg gratings. This system has the potential to be immune to radio-frequency interference and may provide a faithful representation of the instrument's acoustic spectrum without distorting the sound of the instrument.

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Номер записи: 1
12-04-2012 дата публикации

Speckle jitter sensor

Номер: US20120086944A1
Автор: Thomas G. Chrien
Принадлежит: Chrien Thomas G

A jitter sensor including a light source and a light sensor utilizes speckle pattern analysis to detect motion.

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Номер записи: 2
07-06-2012 дата публикации

Fibre Optic Acoustic Sensing

Номер: US20120137781A1
Автор: David John Hill, Magnus Mcewen-King
Принадлежит: Qinetiq Ltd

This invention relates to the fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing to detect P and S waves in a solid medium. Distributed acoustic sensing can be achieved using an unmodified fibre optic by launching optical pulses into the fibre and detecting radiation which is Rayleigh backscattered there from. By analysing the returns in analysis bins, acoustic disturbances can be detected in a plurality of discrete longitudinal sections of the fibre. The present invention extends such fibre distributed acoustic sensing to detection of S and P waves.

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Номер записи: 3
26-07-2012 дата публикации

Sensor probe and methods of assembling same

Номер: US20120187960A1
Автор: Boris Leonid Sheikman, Yongjae Lee
Принадлежит: Individual

A method of assembling a sensor probe for use in a sensor assembly is provided. The method includes providing an emitter configured to generate at least one forward propagating electromagnetic field from at least one microwave signal and to generate at least one backward propagating electromagnetic field. A data conduit is coupled to the emitter. Moreover, a ground conductor is extended substantially circumferentially about the data conduit. The ground conductor is configured to substantially reduce electromagnetic radiation within the sensor assembly.

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Номер записи: 4
06-09-2012 дата публикации

Optic fibres and fibre optic sensing

Номер: US20120222487A1
Автор: David John Hill, Magnus Mcewen-King, Roger Ian Crickmore
Принадлежит: Optasense Holdings Ltd

Fibre optic cables with improved performance for use in distributed sensing, for instance in distributed acoustic sensors, are disclosed. In one embodiment a fibre optic cable ( 210 ) comprises a core ( 208 ) and cladding ( 206 ) disposed within a buffer material ( 202 ) and surrounded by a jacket ( 204 ) and arranged so that the core is offset from the centre of the cable. By offsetting the core from the centre of the jacket any bending effects on the core can be maximised compared with the core being located at the centre of the cable.

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Номер записи: 5
06-09-2012 дата публикации

Improvements in Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing

Номер: US20120226452A1
Автор: David John Hill, Magnus Mcewen-King
Принадлежит: Optasense Holdings Ltd

Techniques for determining lateral offset of the source of an acoustic disturbance in a distributed acoustic fibre optic sensor are described. The sensor comprises an optical source ( 112 ) for interrogating an optical fibre ( 104 ) and a detector ( 116 ) and processor ( 108 ) arranged to detect any backscattered radiation and determine a measurement signal for a plurality of discrete longitudinal sensing portions of the optical fibre. The processor is also arranged to analyse the measurement signals to identify signals corresponding to the same acoustic wave arriving at different parts of the fibre and determine from the time of arrival of said acoustic wave the direction and/or distance of the origin of said acoustic wave from the optical fibre. The geometry of the fibre may be arranged to ensure that any positional ambiguity can be resolved and the use of multiple fibres ( 501, 502 ) is disclosed.

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Номер записи: 6
11-10-2012 дата публикации

Fiber optic transducers, fiber optic accelerometers and fiber optic sensing systems

Номер: US20120257208A1
Автор: Agop Hygasov Cherbettchian, David T. Beatson, Eric Lee Goldner, Gerald Robert Baker, James Kengo Andersen
Принадлежит: US Seismic Systems Inc, US SENSOR SYSTEMS Inc

A fiber optic transducer is provided. The fiber optic transducer includes a fixed portion configured to be secured to a body of interest, a moveable portion having a range of motion with respect to the fixed portion, a spring positioned between the fixed portion and the moveable portion, and a length of fiber wound between the fixed portion and the moveable portion. The length of fiber spans the spring. The fiber optic transducer also includes a mass engaged with the moveable portion. In one disclosed aspect of the transducer, the mass envelopes the moveable portion.

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Номер записи: 7
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Modalmetric fibre sensor

Номер: US20120281946A1
Автор: Bernhard Koziol, Jim Katsifolis, Yuvaraja Visagathilagar
Принадлежит: FUTURE FIBRE TECHNOLOGIES PTY LTD

A modalmetric fibre sensor comprises a multimode sensor fibre ( 26 ) and a light source ( 14 ) for launching light into the sensor fibre to produce a multimode speckle pattern at an end of the sensor fibre. A single mode fibre ( 22 ) receives light from the multimode speckle pattern for transmission to a detector (18). A further multimode fibre ( 41 ) is disposed between the sensor fibre ( 26 ) and the single mode fibre ( 22 ) so that the single mode fibre ( 22 ) receives light from the speckle pattern by transmission through the further multimode fibre ( 41 ) and the received light includes higher order modes regenerated in the further multimode fibre ( 41 ). The light source may be connected to the single mode fibre ( 22 ) so as to launch light through the single mode fibre into the multimode sensor fibre ( 26 ) via the further multimode fibre ( 41 ) and the remote end ( 28 ) of the sensor fibre ( 26 ) may be mirrored to reflect light back through the sensor fibre to produce the speckle pattern.

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Номер записи: 8
15-11-2012 дата публикации

Methods, systems, and apparatus for detecting light and acoustic waves

Номер: US20120286795A1
Автор: Chun Zhan, Glenn Alan Forman, Juntao Wu, Lubomir Hristov Sevov, Maxine Marie Gibeau, Michael Shane Pilon, Zhihong Roy Mao
Принадлежит: Individual

A sensor includes a sensor head including an acoustic detector configured to receive light from a first light source and to reflect the light upon incidence of acoustic waves. The sensor also includes at least one optical fiber and at least one fluorescent material within at least one of the sensor head and the at least one optical fiber. The at least one fluorescent material is configured to receive light from a second light source external to the sensor and emit visible light in response to the light received from the second light source.

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Номер записи: 9
22-11-2012 дата публикации

Method and device for determining acoustic coefficients and acoustic power

Номер: US20120296600A1
Автор: Ysbrand Hans Wijnant
Принадлежит: Individual

A method for determining the acoustic absorption coefficient and/or the transmission coefficient at a chosen position in a space in which a certain sound field prevails as a result of the operation of a sound-emitting source.

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Номер записи: 10
03-01-2013 дата публикации

Sound sources separation and monitoring using directional coherent electromagnetic waves

Номер: US20130006624A1
Автор: Tal BAKISH
Принадлежит: AUDIOZOOM LTD

An apparatus and a method that achieve physical separation of sound sources by pointing directly a beam of coherent electromagnetic waves (i.e. laser). Analyzing the physical properties of a beam reflected from the vibrations generating sound source enable the reconstruction of the sound signal generated by the sound source, eliminating the noise component added to the original sound signal. In addition, the use of multiple electromagnetic waves beams or a beam that rapidly skips from one sound source to another allows the physical separation of these sound sources. Aiming each beam to a different sound source ensures the independence of the sound signals sources and therefore provides full sources separation.

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Номер записи: 11
04-04-2013 дата публикации

Long Distance Optical Fiber Sensing System and Method

Номер: US20130081472A1
Автор: Huffman John Sinclair
Принадлежит: AT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.

A long-distance fiber optic monitoring system having a sensing unit and an analyzer that is remotely located from the sensing unit is provided. The sensing unit comprises a source of optical energy for injecting optical energy into the fiber optical cable and an optical detector configured to detect an optical return signal from the optical fiber. The detected optical return signal is associated with an acoustic signal impinging on the optical fiber. The analyzer receives a signal from the remote sensing unit via the optical fiber that is representative of the optical return signal, and determines a location of a disturbance based at least on the received signal. The representative signal can be transmitted from the remote sensing unit to the analyzer as an optical signal or via a metallic wired included with the optical fiber. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of determining locations of acoustic disturbances of an optical fiber , the method comprising:receiving, from a remote sensing unit via an optical fiber deployed in a multi-dimensional layout, a first plurality of signals representative of a first plurality of optical return signals at respective first plurality of times, wherein the first plurality of optical return signals are associated with acoustic disturbances impinging on the optical fiber; anddetermining, based on the multi-dimensional layout, a plurality of locations of the acoustic disturbance based on the first plurality of signals.22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:injecting optical energy into the optical fiber at the remote sensing unit, and wherein the optical energy injected into the optical fiber has a wavelength that is different from a wavelength of the first plurality of signals.23. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:determining one of a path of travel and a velocity of motion based on the plurality of locations of the acoustic disturbances.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein the remote sensing unit is located under water ...

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Номер записи: 12
18-04-2013 дата публикации

Downhole monitoring with distributed acoustic/vibration, strain and/or density sensing

Номер: US20130091942A1
Автор: Etienne M. SAMSON, Lawrence G. Griffin
Принадлежит: Halliburton Energy Services Inc

Distributed acoustic, vibration, density and/or strain sensing is utilized for downhole monitoring. A method of tracking fluid movement along a wellbore of a well includes: detecting vibration, density, strain (static and/or dynamic) and/or Brillouin frequency shift in the well using at least one optical waveguide installed in the well; and determining the fluid movement based on the detected vibration, density, strain and/or Brillouin frequency shift. Another method of tracking fluid movement along a wellbore of a well includes: detecting a change in density of an optical waveguide in the well; and determining the fluid movement based on the detected density change.

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Номер записи: 13
09-05-2013 дата публикации

Apparatus to measure blade vibration in a turbine engine based on series of images exposed by an imager in response to a sequence of illumination bursts

Номер: US20130115050A1
Автор: Michael Twerdochlib
Принадлежит: Siemens Energy Inc

Apparatus ( 12 ) to measure blade vibration in a gas turbine engine ( 8 ). An illumination source ( 20 ) generates a sequence of illumination bursts in a field of view capturing a passing rotating blade ( 10 ) of the gas turbine engine. An imager ( 22 ) generates image data including a series of images capturing views of the passing rotating blade. The images are exposed in response to respective illumination bursts. A controller ( 30 ) is configured to process the series of images to identify one or more vibration modes of the rotating blade.

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Номер записи: 14
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Wavelength division sensing rf vibrometer for accurate measurement of complex vibrations

Номер: US20130139597A1
Автор: Changzhi Li, Jenshan Lin, Yan Yan
Принадлежит: University of Florida Research Foundation Inc

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for non-contact detection techniques of mechanical vibrations utilizing a radio frequency system incorporating multiple carrier wavelengths. The new detection method measures multiple harmonic pairs at a carrier frequency and improves the detection accuracy and reliability by first inspecting the Bessel function coefficient of each harmonic and then determining the harmonic amplitude. The original mechanical vibration can then be reconstructed. Embodiments can be used to realize sensing of complex non-sinusoidal vibrations using a wavelength division sensing technique and allow non-contact detection through walls, smoke, fog or other low visibility environments with the advantage of longer range detection and easy integration at a low cost.

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Номер записи: 15
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Gunfire Detection

Номер: US20130139600A1
Автор: Godfrey Alastair, Hill David John, McEwen-King Magnus
Принадлежит: OPTASENSE HOLDINGS LIMITED

An apparatus and method for detecting gunfire is provided which uses distributed acoustic sensing to provide the gunfire detection. The method comprises interrogating an optical fibre with electromagnetic radiation to provide a distributed acoustic sensor comprising a plurality of sensing portions of the optical fibre, and analysing a measurement signal from said sensing portions to detect gunfire events. A gunfire event will typically be relatively intense but of short duration and affect multiple sensing channels. The method may detect a characteristic of a muzzle blast and/or a characteristic of pressure wave from a supersonic round and may determine the location of the gunfire and the location at which the round crosses the sensor. 1. A method of gunfire detection , comprising:interrogating an optical fibre with electromagnetic radiation to provide a distributed acoustic sensor comprising a plurality of sensing portions of the optical fibre; andanalysing a measurement signal from said sensing portions to detect an acoustic event characteristic of gunfire.23-. (canceled)4. A method according to claim 1 , further comprisingdetermining an evolution of the measurement signal along the length of the optical fibre portions to detect an acoustic event characteristic of gunfire.5. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:analysing the frequency of the acoustic disturbance to detect a spectral characteristic of gunfire to distinguish the acoustic disturbance from other acoustic events.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement signal is determined to be an acoustic event characteristic of gunfire if the intensity of the is substantially larger than the background noise and the duration of the acoustic event is relatively short.7. A method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising identifying acoustic signatures associated with non-gunfire events.8. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising applying one or more filters based ...

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Номер записи: 16
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Method of detecting an acceleration

Номер: US20130141729A1
Автор: Gordon S. Kino, Michel J.F. Digonnet, Olav Solgaard, Onur Kilic
Принадлежит: Leland Stanford Junior University

A method detects an acceleration. The method includes providing a spatial mode filter positioned such that light emitted from the spatial mode filter is reflected by at least a portion of a reflective surface. The spatial mode filter and the portion of the reflective surface form an optical resonator having an optical resonance with a resonance lineshape. The method further includes emitting light from the spatial mode filter and irradiating the portion of the reflective surface. The portion of the reflective surface is responsive to acceleration of the optical resonator by changing curvature. The method further includes measuring a change of the resonance lineshape due to the acceleration of the optical resonator.

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Номер записи: 17
06-06-2013 дата публикации

OPTICAL MICROPHONE

Номер: US20130142519A1
Автор: HASHIMOTO Masahiko, IWAMOTO Takuya, KANEKO Yuriko, SANGAWA Ushio
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

An optical microphone includes: a propagation medium portion; a light source to output a light wave passing through the propagation medium portion across the acoustic wave propagating through the propagation medium portion; a reflecting section to retroreflect the light wave having passed through the propagation medium portion; and a photoelectric conversion section to receive the light wave having been reflected by the reflecting section and passed through the propagation medium portion to output an electric signal. 0-order, +1-order and −1-order diffracted light waves are respectively produced on outward and return paths, by virtue of a refractive index distribution across the propagation medium portion caused by the propagation of the acoustic wave therethrough. The photoelectric conversion section detects interference light between the +1-order or −1-order diffracted light wave of the outward path and the −1-order or +1-order diffracted light wave of the return path. 1. An optical microphone for detecting an acoustic wave propagating through an environment fluid by using a light wave , the optical microphone comprising:a propagation medium portion through which the acoustic wave propagates;a light source configured to output a light wave passing through the propagation medium portion across the acoustic wave propagating through the propagation medium portion;a reflecting section configured to retroreflect the light wave having passed through the propagation medium portion; anda photoelectric conversion section configured to receive the light wave having been reflected by the reflecting section and passed through the propagation medium portion to output an electric signal, wherein:{'sup': th', 'st', 'st, 'on an outward path along which the light wave output from the light source passes through the propagation medium portion, a 0-order diffracted light wave, a +1-order diffracted light wave and a −1-order diffracted light wave are produced by virtue of a ...

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Номер записи: 18
13-06-2013 дата публикации

Detection of Moving Objects

Номер: US20130151203A1
Автор: Godfrey Alastair, Hill David John, McEwen-King Magnus
Принадлежит: OPTASENSE HOLDINGS LIMITED

A system for moving object () detection is provided, the system comprising a fibre optic interrogator () adapted to provide distributed acoustic sensing on a optic fibre (), for example arranged along a border. The measurement signals from each of a plurality of sensing portions () of said fibre are analysed to determined a characteristic of a Doppler shift. The characteristic of a Doppler shift may be a generally continuous decrease in detected frequency. By detecting the time at which the rate of change of frequency is at a maximum for each of the sensing portions the time of closest approach (ti, t, tt, t) of the object to those sensing portions can be determined with the sensing portion the object approaches closest to showing the greatest value of maximum rate of change of frequency. The distance of closest approach and velocity can be determined. 1. A distributed acoustic sensor apparatus comprising:an interrogator unit for, in use, interrogating an optical fibre with optical radiation and producing a measurement signal indicative of incident acoustic signals from each of a plurality of sensing portions of said optical fibre; anda processor configured to analyse said measurement signals to identify a signal characteristic of a Doppler shift so as to detect a moving object.2. (canceled)3. An apparatus as claimed in wherein said characteristic of a Doppler shift comprises a decrease in the frequency of detected signal at a particular sensing portion of optical fibre over time.4. (canceled)5. An apparatus as claimed in wherein said characteristic of a Doppler shift comprises detection of signals of different frequency at different sensing portions of the optical fibre which are spatially separated.6. An apparatus as claimed in wherein the processor is configured to analyse the characteristic of a Doppler shift to detect the range and/or location of the object relative to the sensing fibre.7. An apparatus as claimed in wherein the processor is configured to ...

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Номер записи: 19
27-06-2013 дата публикации

ACOUSTIC WAVE ACQUIRING APPARATUS

Номер: US20130160557A1
Автор: Asao Yasufumi, Nakajima Takao
Принадлежит: CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA

Provided is a technique capable of changing resolution or an imaging area during imaging, in an acoustic wave acquiring apparatus using a Fabry-Perot probe. An acoustic wave acquiring apparatus includes a measurement light source emitting measurement light, a probe having a Fabry-Perot interferometer including a first mirror, upon the side of which the measurement light is incident, and a second mirror, upon the side of which an elastic wave from an object is incident, an optical system changing a beam diameter of the measurement light, a controller controlling change in the beam diameter performed by the optical system, a photosensor measuring a light intensity of the measurement light reflected on the Fabry-Perot interferometer, and a processor acquiring intensity of the elastic wave on the basis of change in the light intensity measured by the photosensor due to incidence of the elastic wave. 1. An acoustic wave acquiring apparatus comprising:a measurement light source configured to emit measurement light;a probe having a Fabry-Perot interferometer including a first mirror, upon the side of which the measurement light is incident, and a second mirror, upon the side of which an elastic wave from an object is incident;an optical system configured to change a beam diameter of the measurement light;a controller configured to control the change in the beam diameter performed by the optical system;a photosensor configured to measure a light intensity of the measurement light reflected on the Fabry-Perot interferometer; anda processor configured to acquire intensity of the elastic wave on the basis of the change in the light intensity measured by the photosensor due to incidence of the elastic wave.2. The acoustic wave acquiring apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe controller is configured to control the optical system such that the beam diameter when the measurement light is incident upon the Fabry-Perot interferometer changes and such that the beam diameter ...

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Номер записи: 20
15-08-2013 дата публикации

MULTI-CHANNEL LASER INTERFEROMETRIC METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTION OF ULTRASONIC MOTION FROM A SURFACE

Номер: US20130208284A1
Автор: Pouet Bruno François
Принадлежит:

An apparatus and a method for detecting surface motion of an object subject to ultrasound are disclosed. The method comprises generating a laser beam, dividing the laser beam into a reference beam and an object beam to be directed onto the surface, thereby producing a scattered object beam, introducing a small-amplitude modulation in the optical path difference between the reference beam and the scattered object beam, detecting the interference between the scattered object beam and the phase modulated reference beam using a plurality of detecting elements to generate a plurality of electrical interference signals, wherein the electrical interference signals each comprise a wanted signal component indicative of the surface motion and a noise signal component, and processing the electrical interference signals to determine the surface motion of the object. 1. A method for detecting surface motion of an object subject to ultrasound , comprising:generating a laser beam;dividing the laser beam into a reference beam and an object beam to be directed onto the surface, thereby producing a scattered object beam;introducing a small-amplitude modulation in the optical path difference between the reference beam and the scattered object beam;detecting the interference between the scattered object beam and the phase modulated reference beam using a plurality of detecting elements to generate a plurality of electrical interference signals, wherein the electrical interference signals each comprise a wanted signal component indicative of the surface motion and a noise signal component; andprocessing the electrical interference signals to determine the surface motion of the object.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the frequency of the small-amplitude modulation is selected to be above or below a frequency bandwidth of interest of surface motion of the object.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the processing comprises:separating each of the electrical interference ...

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Номер записи: 21
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Detecting broadside and directional acoustic signals with a fiber optical distributed acoustic sensing (das) assembly

Номер: US20130211726A1
Автор: Jeffery Joseph Mestayer, Peter Berkeley Wills
Принадлежит: Individual

A Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) fiber optical assembly comprises adjacent lengths of optical fiber A, B with different directional acoustic sensitivities, for example by providing the first length of optical fiber A with a first coating 35, such as acrylate, and the second length of optical fiber B with a second coating 36 , such as copper, wherein the first and second coatings 35 and 36 may be selected such that the Poisson's ratio of the first length of coated fiber A is different from the Poisson's ratio of the second length of coated fiber B. The different Poisson's ratios and/or other properties of the adjacent lengths of optical fiber A and B improve their directional acoustic sensitivity and their ability to detect broadside (radial) acoustic waves.

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Номер записи: 22
12-09-2013 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS OF DETECTING AN OBJECT

Номер: US20130233084A1
Автор: Brandt Robert Kurt, Williamsen Mark Stephen
Принадлежит:

A portable non-contact sensor system including a laser generator subsystem, a laser detector subsystem, an an analysis subsystem. The laser generator subsystem is configured to project a plurality of laser pulses at a surface of an object that is to be characterized. The laser detector subsystem is configured to receive return laser pulses from the object. The analysis subsystem is configured to analyze the received return pulses and characterize the object. 1. A portable non-contact sensor system , comprising:a laser generator subsystem configured to project a plurality of laser pulses at a surface of an object that is to be characterized, wherein the projected laser pulses generate ultrasonic waves within the object;a laser detector subsystem configured to project a laser beam at the surface and to receive return laser pulses from the object based on the generated ultrasonic waves; andan analysis subsystem configured to analyze the received return pulses and characterize the object,wherein the sensor system is configured to be hand-held.2. The sensor system of claim 1 , further comprising a communications interface configured to enable communication between the sensor system and a device external to the sensor system.3. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the object comprises at least one of plastic claim 1 , glass claim 1 , a ferrous metal claim 1 , and a non-ferrous metal.4. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the object comprises a container.5. The sensor system of claim 4 , wherein the analysis subsystem characterizes contents of the container.6. The sensor system of claim 4 , wherein the object is at least one of a closed container claim 4 , a shipping container claim 4 , a drum claim 4 , a container of a chemical weapon claim 4 , and a container of a biological weapon.7. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the object is organic.8. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the laser detector subsystem comprises a probe laser having a wavelength range on ...

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Номер записи: 23
10-10-2013 дата публикации

Probe and manufacturing method thereof, and object information acquisition apparatus using the same

Номер: US20130263669A1
Автор: Koichiro Nakanishi
Принадлежит: Canon Inc

A probe is provided where a problem of reduction in a reflective performance of an optical reflection layer due to the surface roughness of a support layer of an optical reflection member provided on an element for reflecting irradiation light onto an object or scattered light thereof is solved. The probe includes an element including cells. The probe further includes: an optical reflection layer 108 that is provided closer to the object than the element is; a support layer 104 supporting the optical reflection layer 108; and a smooth layer 106 that is provided between the support layer and the optical reflection layer, and has a smoother surface than the surface of the support layer 104.

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Номер записи: 24
24-10-2013 дата публикации

LIGHT OUTPUT CALIBRATION IN AN OPTOACOUSTIC SYSTEM

Номер: US20130276542A1
Автор: Clingman Bryan, Gravis Elisa, Herzog Donald G., Miller Thomas G., Smith Remie J.
Принадлежит:

An optoacoustic system includes first and second light sources capable of generating pulse of light at first and second wavelengths, first and second electrically controlled optical attenuators, first and second light sync detectors, and a combiner. A power meter that is calibrated to determine power at the first and second predominant wavelength measures power at the first wavelength after the first light sync is detected and measures power at the second wavelength after the second light sync is detected. The system includes a calibration mode wherein it electrically attenuates the first optical attenuator when the power measured by the power meter at the first wavelength after the first light sync is detected is above a first level, and electrically attenuated the second optical attenuator when the power measured by the power meter at the second wavelength after the second light sync is detected is above a second level. 1. An apparatus comprising:first light source capable of generating pulses of light at a first predominant wavelength;second light source capable of generating pulses of light at a second predominant wavelength; first and second electrically controlled optical attenuators for the first and second light source, respectively;', 'first and second light sync detectors for the first and second light source, respectively; and', 'combiner, to direct at least a portion of the pulses of each of the first and second light sources along a common path;', 'common light output connection terminal;, 'internal light path comprising plurality of optical fibers having a first end formed into at least one fiber bundle providing an input, and a second end terminating in a handheld probe; and', 'at least one optical window at the distal end of the handheld probe;, 'external light path connected to the internal light path via the common light output connection terminal, the external light path comprisingpower meter calibrated to determine power at the first and second ...

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Номер записи: 25
24-10-2013 дата публикации

Nonlinear imaging with dual band pulse complexes

Номер: US20130279294A1
Автор: Angelsen Bjørn A.J., Tangen Thor Andreas
Принадлежит: SURF Technology AS

The invention presents methods and instrumentation for measurement or imaging of a region of an object with waves of a general nature, for example electromagnetic (EM) and elastic (EL) waves, where the material parameters for wave propagation and scattering in the object depend on the wave field strength. The invention specially addresses suppression of 3order multiple scattering noise, referred to as pulse reverberation noise, and also suppression of linear scattering components to enhanced signal components from nonlinear scattering. The pulse reverberation noise is divided into three classes where the invention specially addresses Class I and Class II 3order multiple scattering that are generated from the same three scatterers, but in opposite sequence. 1. A method for measurement or imaging of a region of an object with waves where object material parameters for wave propagation and scattering are modified by the wave field strength , comprising a low frequency (LF) pulse with frequencies in an LF band transmitted from an LF array aperture with LF array elements, and', 'a high frequency (HF) pulse with frequencies in an HF band transmitted from an HF array aperture with HF array elements, where', 'the pulse length of the transmitted HF pulse being less than half an oscillation period of the transmitted LF pulse, and where', 'the transmitted HF pulse propagating spatially so close to the transmitted LF pulse that the HF pulse observes a manipulation of the object material parameters by the co-propagating LF pulse at least for a part of a propagation depth of the HF pulse, and where', 'at least the transmitted LF pulse varies for each transmitted pulse complex to produce different manipulations of the object, where the transmitted LF pulse also can be zero, and, 'a) transmitting at least two pulse wave complexes towards said region, each of said pulse complexes being composed of'}b) picking up HF receive element signals from one or both of scattered and ...

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Номер записи: 26
07-11-2013 дата публикации

Fibre Optic Distributed Sensing

Номер: US20130291642A1
Автор: Crickmore Roger Ian, Godfrey Alastair
Принадлежит: OPTASENSE HOLDINGS LIMITED

This application describes methods and apparatus for fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) where microstructured fibre (), such as holey fibre or photonic crystal fibre is used as the sensing fibre (). The microstructured fibre is configured so to provide at least one of enhanced sensitivity to a given incident acoustic signal; an enhanced non-linear optical power threshold and directional sensitivity. By configuring the microstructured fibre to be more compliant than an equivalent solid fibre and/or provide a large refractive index variation in response to applied strain, the response to a given acoustic stimulus may be larger than for the equivalent fibre, Providing a hollow core may allow higher optical powers and by providing a directionality to microstructured () allows the fibre to be used in a DAS system with a directional response. 1. A fibre optic distributed acoustic sensor comprising an interrogator unit and an optical fibre , the interrogator unit being configured to transmit optical pulse into said optical fibre and detect radiation backscattered from within the fibre wherein said optical fibre comprises a microstructured optical fibre wherein the microstructure to configured so as to provide directional sensitivity to incident acoustic stimuli from different transverse directions.2. A sensor as claimed in wherein said microstructured optical fibre comprises a photonic band-gap fibre.3. A sensor as claimed in wherein said photonic band-gap fibre comprises a core region surrounded by a plurality of holes claim 2 , the holes arranged to provide light guiding within the core region.4. A sensor as claimed in wherein said core region is hollow.5. A sensor as claimed in wherein said microstructured optical fibre comprises a holey fibre comprising a core region surrounded by a cladding region comprising a plurality of holes claim 1 , the holes being arranged to effectively control the refractive index of the cladding region so as to provide light ...

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Номер записи: 27
07-11-2013 дата публикации

DETECTING THE DIRECTION OF ACOUSTIC SIGNALS WITH A FIBER OPTICAL DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING (DAS) ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20130291643A1
Автор: Lumens Paul Gerard Edmond
Принадлежит:

A directionally sensitive Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) fiber optical assembly comprises adjacent lengths of optical fiber (A,B) with different directional acoustic sensitivities, which are used to detect the direction (a) of acoustic signals relative to the lengths of optical fiber (A, B). 1. A directionally sensitive Distributed Acoustic Sensing(DAS) fiber optical assembly comprising at least two substantially parallel lengths of adjacent optical fibers with different directional acoustic sensitivities , wherein the at least two lengths of adjacent optical fiber comprise a first length of optical fiber with a first ratio between its axial and radial acoustic sensitivity and the second length of optical fiber with a second ratio between its axial and radial acoustic sensitivity; and an algorithm is provided for detecting a direction of propagation of an acoustic signal relative to a longitudinal axis of the first and second lengths of optical fiber on the basis of a comparison of differences of radial and axial strain in the first and second lengths of optical fiber resulting from the acoustic signal.3. The DAS assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first ratio is between 300 and 1000 and the second ratio is between 100 and 300.4. The DAS assembly claim 1 , wherein the at least two lengths of adjacent optical fiber comprise a first length of coated fiber having a first coating and a second length of coated fiber having a second coating claim 1 , wherein the first and second coatings are selected such that the Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio of the first length of coated fiber is less than the Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio of the second length of coated fiber.5. The DAS assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first length of optical fiber has an acrylate coating and the second length of optical fiber has a copper coating.6. The DAS assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least two lengths of adjacent optical fiber comprise a first length of optical fiber with a ...

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Номер записи: 28
21-11-2013 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR MONITORING A ROTATING MACHINE PART

Номер: US20130305827A1
Автор: Kessler Hans-Willi, Vaehsen Klaus
Принадлежит: SCHAEFFLER TECHNOLOGIES AG & CO. KG

An apparatus for monitoring a machine element (), which moves with respect to a base and rotates about its own axis, having a sensor () and evaluation electronics (). According to the invention, the sensor () and the evaluation electronics () and also a power supply unit and a transmitter unit () are arranged on the moving machine element (). 1. An apparatus for monitoring a machine element which moves with respect to a base , and moves or rotates about its own axis the apparatus comprising a sensor and evaluation electronics , the sensor and the evaluation electronics as well as a power supply unit and a transmitting unit are arranged on the machine element.2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the machine element is a transmission element.3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a transmission including a planetary gear mechanism and the machine element is a planet gear.4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a smart sensor which comprises a measured variable detection system claim 1 , signal conditioning system claim 1 , signal evaluation system and signal processor in one housing.5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the power supply unit is a generator which is integrated into a bearing arrangement of the machine element claim 1 , an energy harvester or an energy store.6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sensor is annular or is shaped as an annular section.7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the sensor is integrated into the planet gear.8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transmitting unit is a radio transmitting unit.912. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the radio transmitting unit () operates by a WPAN claim 8 , WLAN claim 8 , or UMTS protocol.10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a plurality of moving machine elements each have a separate one of the sensors claim 1 , and a common receiving unit is arranged fixed to a housing ...

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Номер записи: 29
05-12-2013 дата публикации

Distributed Acoustic Sensing

Номер: US20130319121A1
Автор: Hill David John, Kelly Christopher John
Принадлежит: OPTASENSE HOLDINGS LIMITED

This application describes methods and apparatus for distributed acoustic sensing providing enhanced sensitivity for certain acoustic signals. The method uses a fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) apparatus () to detect acoustic signals wherein the fibre optic distributed acoustic sensor comprises at least one optical fibre () deployed in an area of interest () such that at least one section of said optical fibre is deployed to monitor the acoustic response of a cavity () to incident acoustic signals. The cavity is dimensioned such that the cavity resonates at a desired frequency and thus the relevant sensing portions of the DAS sensor show an enhanced response to acoustic signals which excite resonance in the cavity. The optical fibre () may be deployed to run through said cavity. 1. A method of distributed acoustic sensing comprising: using a fibre optic distributed acoustic sensor to detect acoustic signals wherein the fibre optic distributed acoustic sensor comprises at least one optical fibre deployed in an area of interest such that at least one section of said optical fibre is deployed to monitor the acoustic response of a cavity to incident acoustic signals wherein the cavity is dimensioned such that the cavity resonates at a desired frequency.2. (canceled)3. A method as claimed in wherein at least one section of said optical fibre is deployed to run through said cavity.45-. (canceled)6. A method as claimed in wherein the cavity comprises the internal space of a hollow object embedded within the area of interest.78-. (canceled)9. A method as claimed in wherein at least part of the optical fibre is buried in the ground and the hollow object is also buried in the ground.10. A method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said optical fibre is permanently buried in the cavity in the ground.11. (canceled)12. A method as claimed in wherein the location of the cavity in the area of interest is known and the method comprises analysing the acoustic signals ...

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Номер записи: 30
05-12-2013 дата публикации

Photoacoustic Probe

Номер: US20130319123A1
Автор: Wang Xingwei Vivian, Wu Nan
Принадлежит: University of Massachusetts

A photoacoustic transducer, such as a photoacoustic probe includes an optical fiber, diaphragm, at the optical fiber, whereby the optical fiber and diaphragm define a cavity, and an energy absorption film at the optical fiber, whereby an activating laser directed through the optical fiber can excite the energy absorption film to thereby generate an acoustic wave that, upon reflection upon a remote surface, can deflect the diaphragm and modify reflection of a detecting laser also directed through the optical fiber. A method of detecting an acoustic wave includes directing an activating laser through an optical fiber to an energy absorption film at the optical fiber, directing a detecting laser through the optical fiber and cavity to the diaphragm at the optical fiber, and measuring an interference pattern generated at least in part by reflection of the detecting laser from a surface of the diaphragm. 1. A photoacoustic probe , comprisinga) an optical fiber;b) a diaphragm at the optical fiber, whereby the optical fiber and the diaphragm define a cavity; and 'whereby an activating laser directed through the optical fiber can excite the energy absorption film to thereby generate an acoustic wave that, upon reflection from a remote surface, can deflect the diaphragm and modify reflection of a detecting laser also directed through the optical fiber.', 'c) an energy absorption film at the optical fiber,'}2. The photoacoustic probe of claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber defines a first planar surface.3. The photoacoustic probe of claim 2 , wherein the energy absorption film is at the first planar surface.4. The photoacoustic probe of claim 3 , wherein the diaphragm is within the cavity.5. The photoacoustic probe of claim 4 , wherein the diaphragm is recessed within the cavity from the first surface.6. The photoacoustic probe of claim 2 , wherein the optical fiber includes a second surface that is raised from the first surface and is essentially parallel to the first surface ...

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Номер записи: 31
19-12-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF MEASURING ACOUSTIC DISTRIBUTION AND DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSOR

Номер: US20130333476A1
Автор: OMICHI Koji, TANAKA Daiichiro, TERADA Yoshihiro
Принадлежит: FUJIKURA LTD.

Optical pulses are output from a light source to an optical fiber at one selected emission wavelength, a reflection light reflected at a fiber Bragg grating at the optical fiber is received at an optical receiver and is converted to a reflection signal by an optical to electrical conversion, a fiber Bragg grating which reflects the reflection light is identified by the signal processing unit when an intensity of the reflection signal obtained by the optical receiver is over a predetermined threshold value, and a measurement step that calculates acoustic frequencies at the fiber Bragg grating based on a temporal change of the intensity of the reflection signal at the fiber Bragg grating is repeated more than two times while changing an emission wavelength of the light source. The acoustic frequency at each fiber Bragg grating is calculated to determine an acoustic distribution along a longitudinal direction of the fiber. 1. A method of measuring an acoustic distribution , the method comprising: a light source unit which is capable of emitting optical pulses at two or more emission wavelengths;', 'an optical fiber which comprises two or more fiber Bragg gratings disposed between a first end of the optical fiber and a second end of the optical fiber along a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber, the first end being close to the light source unit and the second end being far from the light source unit;', 'an optical receiver unit, which receives a reflection light emitted from the light source unit and reflected at one or more of the two or more fiber Bragg gratings and which converts the reflection light to a reflection signal by an optical to electrical conversion;', 'a light branching unit which separates a light output from the light source unit into a measurement light which is directed to the two or more fiber Bragg gratings and a reference light which is to be converted to a reference signal by an optical to electrical conversion without reaching any of the ...

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Номер записи: 32
19-12-2013 дата публикации

MEASURING SYSTEM

Номер: US20130333477A1
Автор: Kataoka Kenichi
Принадлежит:

A measuring system for measuring a physical quantity related to one of an electromagnetic wave and a magnetic field includes a vibration-type actuator, a waveform generating unit configured to generate a driving waveform signal of the vibration-type actuator, an optical transmitter unit configured to receive the driving waveform signal and convert the driving waveform signal into an optical signal, an optical receiver unit configured to receive the optical signal and convert the optical signal into an alternating-current voltage signal, and a drive circuit configured to receive the alternating-current voltage signal and apply the alternating-current voltage signal to the vibration-type actuator. The waveform generating unit and the optical transmitter unit are disposed outside a magnetic shield room. The optical receiver unit, the drive circuit, and the vibration-type actuator are disposed inside the magnetic shield room, and the optical signal is transmitted between the optical transmitter unit and the optical receiver unit. 1. A measuring system for measuring a physical quantity related to one of an electromagnetic wave and a magnetic field comprising:a vibration-type actuator;a waveform generating unit configured to generate a driving waveform signal of the vibration-type actuator;an optical transmitter unit configured to receive the driving waveform signal and convert the driving waveform signal into an optical signal;an optical receiver unit configured to receive the optical signal and convert the optical signal into an alternating-current voltage signal; anda drive circuit configured to receive the alternating-current voltage signal and output a drive voltage to be applied to the vibration-type actuator,wherein the waveform generating unit and the optical transmitter unit are disposed outside a magnetic shield room, the optical receiver unit, the drive circuit, and the vibration-type actuator are disposed inside the magnetic shield room, and the optical signal ...

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Номер записи: 33
26-12-2013 дата публикации

METHOD OF FABRICATING AN OPTICAL-FIBER-COMPATIBLE SENSOR

Номер: US20130340232A1
Автор: Akkaya Onur Can, Digonnet Michel J.F., Kilic Onur, Kino Gordon S., Solgaard Olav
Принадлежит: THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY

A method for fabricating a sensor is provided, with the sensor including a reflective element and an optical fiber positioned relative to the reflective element such that light emitted from the optical fiber is reflected by the reflective element and propagates in an optical cavity between the optical fiber and the reflective element. The method includes positioning an element within the optical cavity. The element has a coefficient of thermal expansion and a thickness that compensate a refractive index change with temperature of a medium within the optical cavity. 1. A method of fabricating a sensor , the method comprising:providing a movable element;positioning an optical fiber relative to the movable element to form an optical cavity such that light propagates in the optical cavity between the optical fiber and the movable element and is reflected by the movable element, the optical cavity comprising a medium having a refractive index change with temperature; andpositioning an element within the optical cavity, the element having a coefficient of thermal expansion and a thickness that compensate the refractive index change with temperature.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the movable element comprises a reflective element and a diaphragm claim 1 , the medium comprises water claim 1 , and the element within the optical cavity comprises silica and has a thickness approximately equal to a distance between the optical fiber and the movable element.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the element within the optical cavity comprises the diaphragm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the movable element comprises a reflective element and a diaphragm claim 1 , the medium comprises water in a region between the optical fiber and the movable element claim 1 , and the element within the optical cavity comprises silica and has a thickness approximately equal to a thickness of the region between the optical fiber and the movable element.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 34
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Ultrasonic transducer, and ultrasonic wave generating apparatus and ultrasonic system including the same

Номер: US20140033822A1
Автор: Eui-yun JANG, Hye-lynn SONG, Jai-Ick YOH, Jong-Seok Kim, Mi-ae Park, Seok-Hwan Lee, Sung-Chan Kang, Woon-bae Kim, Yong-Hyup Kim, Yong-seop Yoon
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

An ultrasonic transducer, and an ultrasonic wave generating apparatus and an ultrasonic system including the same. The ultrasonic transducer includes a light-absorbing layer configured to absorb light incident on the light-absorbing layer and to generate heat based on the absorbed light; and a thermoelastic layer which is disposed on the light-absorbing layer and which is configured to thermally expand based on the heat to generate ultrasonic waves.

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Номер записи: 35
06-02-2014 дата публикации

ALL-OPTICAL HYDROPHONE INSENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE AND TO STATIC PRESSURE

Номер: US20140036635A1
Автор: DOISY Martine, Lardat Raphael, Launay Francois-Xavier, Roux Gerard
Принадлежит: THALES

The invention consists of an optical hydrophone, an optical fiber element forming a laser cavity, housed in a mechanical structure which comprises an open cylindrical rigid body, defining the cavity enclosing a fluid and in which the optical fiber element is housed, and closed at its ends by two end caps which keep the optical fiber element permanently under tension, in a longitudinal rectilinear position inside the cavity. The end caps are configured in such a way that when the exterior pressure varies, they undergo a deformation giving rise to a variation in the length of the optical fiber element and that when the temperature varies, they undergo a deformation giving rise to a variation in the length of the optical fiber element which compensates for that induced on this element by the temperature variation. The mechanical structure furthermore exhibits one or more orifices allowing equilibration of the static pressures. 1. A laser cavity based hydrophone of the type comprising:an active optical fiber element with Bragg gratings inscribed in the optical fiber forming the laser cavity; a substantially cylindrical hollow rigid body forming the cavity inside which is placed the optical fiber element;', 'two end caps configured and designed to seal the ends of the rigid body and traversed by the optical fiber element, said optical fiber element being fixed with prestrain to the end caps at the level of the points of traversal so as to be permanently under tension; wherein the two end caps each comprise a part rigidly tied to the rigid body, and a mobile part comprising a deformable wall able to be deformed when it is subjected to variations in the pressure exerted by the exterior medium in which the hydrophone is immersed; the deformation of the end caps giving rise to a variation of the length of the optical fiber element, the deformable wall comprising an internal face directed toward the interior of the cavity and an external face directed toward the exterior of ...

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Номер записи: 36
13-02-2014 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE OPTICAL NON-CONTACT OSCILLATION MEASUREMENT OF AN OSCILLATING OBJECT

Номер: US20140041456A1
Автор: Dräbenstedt Alexander, Ehrmann Christian, Rembe Christian, Roth Volkmar, Schüssler Matthias
Принадлежит: POLYTEC GMBH

A device for the optical non-contact vibration measurement of an vibrating object, including a laser Doppler vibrometer that has a laser () as the light source for a laser beam, a first beam splitter assembly (S1) for splitting the laser beam into a measuring beam () and a reference beam (), a means () for shifting the frequency of the reference beam () or of the measuring beam () in a defined manner, a second beam splitter assembly (S2, S3) by which the measuring beam () back-scattered by the oscillating object () is merged with the reference beam () and superimposed on the same, and a detector () for receiving the superimposed measuring and reference beam () and for generating a measurement signal. The laser () is provided with a polarization filter arranged inside the optical resonator of the laser and the laser () is frequency stabilized by regulating to a beat signal of the laser. 1123432263571. A device for optical , contactless vibration measurement of a vibrating object , comprising a laser Doppler vibrometer with a laser () as light source for a laser beam , a first beam splitter arrangement (S1) that splits the laser beam into a measurement beam () and a reference beam () , with a frequency shifting element () that provides a defined shift of the frequency of the reference beam () or the measurement beam () , a second beam splitter arrangement (S2 , S3) , by which the measurement beam () scattered back from the vibrating object () is combined with the reference beam () and superposed thereon , and a detector () that receives the superposed measurement and reference beam () and generates a measurement signal , and the laser () is provided with a polarization filter arranged within an optical resonator thereof and a control loop for frequency stabilization.21. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control loop regulates to a beat signal of the laser ().3. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polarization filter is formed by at least one ...

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Номер записи: 37
20-02-2014 дата публикации

Sagnac interferometer event sensing and locating device

Номер: US20140050473A1
Автор: Mike McNeilly, Scott V. Johnson
Принадлежит: Cleveland Electric Laboratories Co

A Sagnac interferometer event sensing device is disclosed herein. The device includes a first light source operable to emit a first light beam. The device also includes a second light source operable to emit a second light beam. The device also includes an optical fiber path including a first portion along which only the first light beam travels, a second portion along which only the second light beam from the second light source travels, and a third portion along which both of the first and second light beams travel. The device also includes a first detector disposed at an end of the first portion of the optical fiber path to receive the first light beam. The device also includes a second detector disposed at an end of the second portion of the optical fiber path to receive the second light beam. The device also includes a first plurality of depolarizers disposed along the first portion of the optical fiber path. The device also includes a second plurality of depolarizers disposed along the second portion of the optical fiber path. The first and second light beams are at first and second, different characteristic wavelengths.

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Номер записи: 38
27-02-2014 дата публикации

Wind turbine including optical sensor system

Номер: US20140054894A1
Автор: Ib Svend Olesen
Принадлежит: Vestas Wind Systems AS

A wind turbine includes an optical sensor system comprising one or more optical sensors comprising: a sensor membrane; a light source for illuminating a surface of the sensor membrane; an optical dispersive element arranged to disperse the light from the light source; and a light detector for receiving a portion of the dispersed light beam after reflection from the surface of the sensor membrane and dispersion of the light beam by the optical dispersive element. The wavelength of the light received at the light detector varies as a function of the displacement of the sensor membrane and the light detector operatively provides an output based on changes in the wavelength of the received light. The wind turbine is operable based on an input to a wind turbine control system received from the optical sensor system.

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Номер записи: 39
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Detection of seismic signals using fiber optic distributed sensors

Номер: US20140064028A1
Автор: Arthur H. Hartog, Colin A. Wilson, Dominic Brady, Douglas E. Miller, Francois M. Auzerais, Henry Menkiti, Ian David Richard Bradford, Richard T. Coates
Принадлежит: Schlumberger Technology Corp

A fiber optic distributed vibration system for detecting seismic signals in an earth formation is provided. The system includes a fiber optic cable deployed in a borehole that extends into the earth formation and which is configured to react along its length to a seismic wave incident on the fiber optic cable from outside the borehole. An optical source launches an optical signal into the fiber optic cable while the seismic wave is incident thereon. A receiver detects coherent Rayleigh noise (CRN) produced in response to the optical signal. A processing circuit processes the detected CRN signal to determine characteristics of the earth formation.

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Номер записи: 40
13-03-2014 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE RELATIVE ALIGNMENT OF TWO ARTICLES, METHOD FOR DETERMINING A QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC AND VIBRATION MEASUREMENT DEVICE AND METHOD

Номер: US20140069196A1
Автор: Busch Dieter, Lysen Heinrich
Принадлежит: PRUEFTECHNIK DIETER BUSCH AG

An alignment device with one or two optoelectronic transmitting and/or receiving units and an evaluation unit. At least one optoelectronic transmitting and/or receiving unit contains an inclinometer. Furthermore, the transmitting and/or receiving unit is connected to a vibration sensor which can be the inclinometer. Both the result of the alignment process and also the result of the vibration measurement are communicated to the user as an easily understandable characteristic on a display of the evaluation unit. For vibration measurement at a non-rotating part of a machine, an accelerometer/inclinometer sensor may be used for measuring acceleration forces resulting from machine vibrations to be measured and for measuring gravity and an electronic evaluation unit determining the orientation of the sensor with regard to gravity from a stationary component of the sensor output and determining sensor orientation from evaluation of non-stationary components of sensor output. 1. A device for vibration measurement at a non-rotating part of a machine , comprising:an accelerometer/inclinometer sensor for measuring acceleration forces resulting from machine vibrations to be measured and for measuring gravity andan electronic evaluation unit connected to receive output of the sensor and adapted to determine the orientation of the sensor with regard to gravity from a stationary component of the sensor output and to determine sensor orientation from an evaluation of non-stationary components of the sensor output.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a first optoelectronic transmitting and/or receiving unit in a first housing claim 1 , a second housing with one of a second optoelectronic transmitting and/or receiving unit and a reflector claim 1 , and at least one optoelectronic transmitting and/or receiving units being connected to the electronic evaluation unit and the sensor.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the connection of the sensor to the optoelectronic ...

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Номер записи: 41
20-03-2014 дата публикации

Acoustic wave receiving apparatus

Номер: US20140076055A1
Автор: Takao Nakajima, Yasufumi Asao
Принадлежит: Canon Inc

Use of an acoustic wave receiving apparatus which includes: a resonator including a first mirror on which measurement light is incident, a second mirror which is arranged to face the first mirror and on which acoustic waves from an object are incident, an acoustic wave reception layer interposed between the first mirror and the second mirror, and a compensation layer; and a detector for detecting a variation in an optical path length between the first mirror and the second mirror that occurs in response to deformation of the acoustic wave reception layer caused by incidence of the acoustic waves, wherein the variation in the optical path length due to a film thickness distribution of the acoustic wave reception layer is compensated by refraction in the compensation layer.

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Номер записи: 42
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Long Distance Optical Fiber Sensing System and Method

Номер: US20140090474A1
Автор: Huffman John Sinclair
Принадлежит: AT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.

A long-distance fiber optic monitoring system having a sensing unit and an analyzer that is remotely located from the sensing unit is provided. The sensing unit comprises a source of optical energy for injecting optical energy into the fiber optical cable and an optical detector configured to detect an optical return signal from the optical fiber. The detected optical return signal is associated with an acoustic signal impinging on the optical fiber. The analyzer receives a signal from the remote sensing unit via the optical fiber that is representative of the optical return signal, and determines a location of a disturbance based at least on the received signal. The representative signal can be transmitted from the remote sensing unit to the analyzer as an optical signal or via a metallic wired included with the optical fiber. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of operation of a remote sensing unit of a monitoring system , the method comprising:injecting optical energy into a first optical fiber of a plurality of optical fibers having an overlapping point;receiving an optical return signal via the first optical fiber;generating a representative signal comprising a plurality of features of the optical return signal, the plurality of features associated with acoustic disturbances impinging on the first optical fiber; andtransmitting the representative signal to an analysis engine of the monitoring system.22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:determining locations of the acoustic disturbances based on an analysis of the representative signal.23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:determining one of a path of travel and a velocity of motion based on the locations of the acoustic disturbances.24. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:water-cooling the remote sensing unit.25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the transmitting the representative signal comprises:transmitting the representative signal over a metallic wire of the first optical fiber.26. ...

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Номер записи: 43
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Laser apparatus and photoacoustic apparatus

Номер: US20140092932A1
Автор: Shigeru Ichihara
Принадлежит: Canon Inc

A laser apparatus that allows selection of a wavelength of output light from a plurality of options. The laser apparatus includes: a resonator made up from an output mirror and reflection means having a plurality of reflective surfaces fixed in position; a laser medium disposed on an optical axis inside the resonator; branch means branching an optical path of a light beam formed on the optical axis when light oscillates in the laser medium into a plurality of optical paths having an end at one reflective surface of the reflection means, the branch means forming a first optical path coinciding with the optical axis when located out of the optical axis, and forming a branch path by moving the light of the optical axis parallel when located on the optical axis.

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Номер записи: 44
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Detecting Train Separation

Номер: US20150000415A1
Автор: Kelley John
Принадлежит: OPTASENSE HOLDINGS LIMITED

This application describes method and apparatus for detecting train separation, where one or more railway cars/carriages () accidentally decouple from the rest of the train. The method involves performing distributed acoustic sensing on at least one optical fibre () to provide a plurality of longitudinal acoustic sensor portions along the railway (). The acoustic response is analysed to detect a signature indicative of a train separation. This may involve detecting acoustic events () associated with different parts of the train and detecting when the separation between the two events exceeds a threshold amount. The method may identify the front of the train and the rear of the train and detect when the distance between the front and rear changes by more than a threshold amount and/or sounds associated with wheelsets passing track features () may be used to determine the intervals (T, T) between wheelsets of adjacent cars and determine when the interval exceeds a threshold amount. The threshold may be based on the interval (T) between wheelsets of the same car passing the track feature. 1. A method detecting separation of a train comprising:performing distributed acoustic sensing on at least one optical fibre deployed along the length of a railway so as to provide a plurality of longitudinal acoustic sensor portions along the railway;analysing the acoustic response from said acoustic sensor portions to detect a signature indicative of a train having separated.2. A method as claimed in wherein said detecting said signature comprises detecting a first acoustic event associated with a first part of a train and a second acoustic event associated with a second different part of the train and detecting that the separation between the first acoustic event and second acoustic event is beyond a threshold.3. A method as claimed in comprising analysing the acoustic response from the acoustic sensor portions to locate an acoustic signal indicative of the front of the train and ...

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Номер записи: 45
07-01-2021 дата публикации

LASER DOPPLER VIBROMETRY FOR EYE SURFACE VIBRATION MEASUREMENT TO DETERMINE CELL DAMAGE

Номер: US20210000645A1
Автор: Meloni Mark, Miller Seth Adrian
Принадлежит: Xinova, LLC

Technologies are described for detection of eye surface vibrations to determine cell damage within a treatment area of an eye undergoing laser treatment. Eye surface vibrations may be caused by intraocular pressure waves that form during the laser treatment. For example, the pressure waves may originate from a plurality of bubbles forming and/or rupturing inside cells located in the treatment area. The bubbles may form as energy from a treatment laser beam is absorbed by the retinal tissue. The pressure waves may be measured at the surface of the eye through Doppler vibrometry to determine if the cells within the treatment area have been damaged. The damage to the cells may include cell lysis, a rupture of cell membranes, scarring, and/or photocoagulation, among other examples. 1. A method to determine cell damage within an eye undergoing laser treatment , the method comprising: splitting the probe laser beam into a first beam and a second beam; and', 'directing the second beam toward the surface of the eye;, 'directing a probe laser beam toward a surface of the eye bydetecting a beat pattern signal between the first beam and a reflected beam, the reflected beam being a reflected portion of the second beam that is reflected from the surface of the eye; anddetermining a damage to one or more cells within a treatment area of the eye based on a frequency of the detected beat pattern signal.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:directing a treatment laser beam to the treatment area of the eye prior to or while directing the probe laser beam toward the surface of the eye.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the probe laser beam toward the surface of the eye comprises one of:directing the probe laser beam toward a cornea of the eye; ordirecting the probe laser beam toward a contact lens positioned on the cornea of the eye.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:directing the first beam along a first optical path away from the surface of ...

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Номер записи: 46
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Phase measurement method, signal processing device, and program

Номер: US20220006521A1
Автор: Daisuke Iida, Hiroyuki Oshida, Keiji Okamoto, Yoshifumi Wakisaka
Принадлежит: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp

It is an object to enable offline measurement with a high SN ratio of the phase of scattered light of an optical fiber to be measured in an optical receiving system for real-time measurement (direct measurement). The phase measurement method according to the present invention performs coherent detection of scattered light using a 90-degree optical hybrid, obtains an estimated quadrature component value by averaging a measured quadrature component value that is directly measured and a calculated quadrature component value obtained by Hilbert transforming a measured in-phase component value that is directly measured, obtains an estimated in-phase component value by averaging the measured in-phase component value and a calculated in-phase component value obtained by inverse Hilbert transforming the measured quadrature component value, and calculates the phase of scattered light based on the estimated quadrature component value and the estimated in-phase component value.

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Номер записи: 47
05-01-2017 дата публикации

Filtering Distributed Sensing Data

Номер: US20170003177A1
Автор: Aldemar Dünkel, Alf Clement, Gregor Cedilnik
Принадлежит: Aiq Dienstleistungen Ug (haftungsbeschrankt)

A distributed sensing device for determining a physical quantity which comprises a measuring unit configured for measuring signals over time and space by distributed sensing, a determining unit configured for determining, based on the measured signals, data being correlated to the physical quantity, and a filtering unit configured for filtering the data to reduce noise and substantially preserve real features based on at least one filter parameter which is determined depending on the data which relate to the physical quantity at a plurality of different times.

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Номер записи: 48
07-01-2016 дата публикации

OPTICAL FIBER VIBRATION SENSOR AND METHOD OF MEASURING VIBRATION USING THE SAME

Номер: US20160003669A1
Автор: KIM Young Suk, Lee Yong Wook
Принадлежит:

An optical fiber vibration sensor includes a polarization-diversity loop based interference unit having a polarization-maintaining fiber configured to generate an interference spectrum, a polarizing beam splitter connected to the polarization-maintaining fiber and configured to split light incident from a narrowband light source into two polarized beams, and a polarization controller connected to the polarization-maintaining fiber or the polarizing beam splitter and configured to control the two polarized beams split through the polarizing beam splitter, and an optical fiber vibration test unit combined to the polarization-maintaining fiber so as to apply an external vibration to the polarization-maintaining fiber, wherein light output intensity of the polarization-diversity loop based interference unit is converted to an electrical signal by a light detector, and the vibration applied to the polarization-maintaining fiber may be measured through the optical fiber vibration test unit. 1. An optical fiber vibration sensor , comprising:a polarization-diversity loop-based interference unit having a polarization-maintaining fiber configured to generate an interference spectrum, a polarizing beam splitter connected to the polarization-maintaining fiber and configured to split light incident from a narrowband light source into two polarized beams, and a polarization controller connected to the polarization-maintaining fiber or the polarizing beam splitter and configured to control the two polarized beams split through the polarizing beam splitter; andan optical fiber vibration test unit combined to the polarization-maintaining fiber so as to apply an external vibration to the polarization-maintaining fiber,wherein light output intensity of the polarization-diversity loop-based interference unit is converted to an electrical signal by a light detector, and the vibration applied to the polarization-maintaining fiber is measured through the optical fiber vibration test unit. ...

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Номер записи: 49
04-01-2018 дата публикации

GAUGE LENGTH OPTIMIZATION IN DISTRIBUTED VIBRATION SENSING

Номер: US20180003550A1
Автор: CUNY Theo, DEAN Timothy, Hartog Arthur
Принадлежит:

A technique facilitates the use and application of a distributed vibration sensing system in, for example, a well application. The technique enables selection of a desired gauge length to achieve an optimum trade-off between the spatial resolution of a distributed vibration sensing/distributed acoustic sensing system and signal-to-noise ratio. The optimum gauge length can vary according to specific factors, e.g. depth within a well, and the present technique can be used to account for such factors in selecting an optimal gauge length which facilitates accurate collection of data on dynamic strain. 1. A method for use in a well , comprising:deploying an optical fiber along a well system;positioning the well system in a wellbore;connecting the optical fiber into a distributed vibration sensing system;employing the optical fiber to measure signals indicative of vibrations incurred along the well system; andusing a wavelength of interest in the signals to be detected to select a suitable range of gauge length values for a desired portion of the optical fiber.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein using comprises estimating the wavelength from prior knowledge so as to optimize the gauge length.3. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein using comprises using prior knowledge of the geology surrounding the desired portion.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein employing comprises using the optical fiber to measure signals in the form of seismic waves.5. The method as recited in claim 4 , wherein using comprises estimating the wavelength based on estimates of seismic wave velocity and seismic signal spectrum in the desired portion so as to optimize the gauge length.6. The method as recited in claim 5 , wherein using further comprises estimating the wavelength based on the angle of arrival of the seismic waves and thus the apparent velocity of the seismic waves when detected at the optical fiber.7. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising making ...

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Номер записи: 50
04-01-2018 дата публикации

OPTICAL FIBRE SENSOR

Номер: US20180003551A1
Автор: Bortolozzo Umberto, Dolfi Daniel, HUIGNARD Jean-Pierre, MOLIN Stéphanie, PEIGNE Arnaud, Residori Stefania
Принадлежит:

A fiber optic sensor for detecting an excitation in proximity to a fiber optic assembly, the excitation inducing a modulation of the phase of an optical signal propagating in the fiber optic assembly, the sensor comprises: a laser assembly emitting at least one laser beam; a fiber optic assembly; an optical system configured to: inject at least one portion of the laser beam; generate at least one laser signal beam issued from the laser beam injected into and propagated in the fiber assembly; generate at least one reference beam from the laser beam or the signal beam; produce at least one interference zone corresponding to the interference between a portion of the reference beam and a portion of the interference signal beam corresponding to the interference between a portion of the reference beam and a portion of the signal beam; a digital holography assembly comprising: a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator; a video camera configured to receive the interference zone and to transcribe it electrically to the liquid-crystal spatial light modulator in order to create thereon a phase hologram corresponding thereto; at least one optical detector configured to detect an output optical signal beam. 1. A fiber optic sensor for detecting an excitation in proximity to a fiber optic assembly , said excitation inducing a modulation of the phase of an optical signal propagating in said fiber optic assembly , said sensor comprising:a laser assembly of at least one laser, said laser assembly being configured to emit at least one laser beam;a fiber optic assembly having a first end and a second end; inject via said first or said second end, at least one portion of said laser beam;', 'receive via said first end, at least one signal beam issued from the portion of the laser beam injected into and propagated in said fiber assembly;', 'generate at least one reference beam from said laser beam or said signal beam;', 'produce at least one interference zone corresponding to the ...

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Номер записи: 51
04-01-2018 дата публикации

MULTIPLEXED FIBER SENSOR

Номер: US20180003552A1
Автор: Cooper Martin James, Lewin Andrew Charles, Orchard David Arthur
Принадлежит:

Some embodiments are directed to a multiplexed fiber sensor for a fiber optic hydrophone array, including a signal receiver configured to receive a signal from the fiber optic hydrophone sensor array and an interferometer. The interferometer is configured to produce a first signal component and a second signal component from the signal received from the hydrophone array, and also provided with a first polarisation controller configured to control the polarisation of the first signal component and a second polarisation controller configured to control the polarisation of the second signal component. A modulated carrier signal generator configured to generate a modulated carrier signal component based on the first signal component is also provided. A detector configured to output a demodulated output signal from the modulated signal component and the second signal component is included, wherein the modulated signal component and the second signal component output separately from the interferometer. 1. A multiplexed fiber sensor comprising:a signal receiver configured to receive a signal from a fiber optic hydrophone sensor array;an interferometer configured to produce a first signal component and a second signal component from the signal received from the hydrophone array, the interferometer provided with a first polarization controller configured to control the polarization of the first signal component, a second polarization controller onfigured to control the polarization of the second signal component and a modulated carrier signal generator configured to generate a modulated carrier signal component based on the first signal component; anda detector configured to output a demodulated output signal derived from the modulated signal component and the second signal component;wherein the modulated signal component and the second signal component are output separately from the interferometer.2. The fiber sensor of claim 1 , wherein the interferometer is a Michelson ...

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Номер записи: 52
02-01-2020 дата публикации

NON-ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT UNIT

Номер: US20200003587A1
Автор: BERGOGNE Christian, BOUFFARON Renaud, DOISY Martine
Принадлежит:

A non-acoustic measurement unit is provided to be integrated into an all-optical acoustic antenna, the non-acoustic measurement unit including a portion of an optical fiber, termed non-acoustic, intended to convey non-acoustic measurements, at least one non-acoustic sensor with electrical output able to deliver at least one electrical signal representative of at least one physical quantity, and a passive electro-optical transducer subjected to the electrical signal, the passive electro-optical transducer acting on a mechanical constraint undergone by a first sensitive zone of the optical fiber portion, in such a way that a value of a measurable property of a first optical signal conveyed by the non-acoustic optical fiber is representative of the electrical signal, and at least one photovoltaic cell coupled electrically to the non-acoustic sensor so as to electrically supply the sensor. 1. A non-acoustic measurement unit intended to be integrated into an all-optical antenna comprising at least one hydrophone , said non-acoustic measurement unit comprising at least one non-acoustic sensor with electrical output able to deliver at least one electrical signal representative of at least one physical quantity , a passive electro-optical transducer subjected to said electrical signal and a portion of an optical fiber intended to convey non-acoustic measurements comprising a first sensitive zone on which said passive electro-optical transducer acts , the passive electro-optical transducer acting on a mechanical constraint undergone by the first sensitive zone in such a way that a value of a measurable property of a first optical signal conveyed by the optical fiber intended to convey non-acoustic measurements is representative of the electrical signal , and at least one photovoltaic cell coupled electrically to said non-acoustic sensor so as to electrically supply said sensor.2. The non-acoustic measurement unit as claimed in claim 1 , in which the photovoltaic cell is ...

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Номер записи: 53
02-01-2020 дата публикации

TWO STAGE DETECTION METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTED VIBRATION DETECTION

Номер: US20200003612A1
Автор: Hu Junqiang, Wang Ting
Принадлежит: NEC LABORATORIES AMERICA, INC

Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods and structures employing a two-stage detection for distributed vibration detection (DVS) in which a first step provides an abstracted/pre-processing data and the second step—based on the first step result—only processes locations that have or might have activity. 1. A distributed optical fiber sensing system , said system operative to generate an optical pulse , input the optical pulse into the optical fiber , and determine activity for locations along the fiber from reflected signals , said system CHARACTERIZED BY:a two-stage detection and analysis system having a first stage and a second stage, the first stage employs pre-processing to generate an abstracted result signal for each and then output the abstracted signals; the second stage receiving the abstracted signals, the second stage includes a per-location capture buffer, the second stage obtaining continuous data from any location identified by the first stage as exhibiting activity, the second stage using that continuous data to determine whether there exists actual activity of interest.2. The distributed optical fiber sensing system of FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY:the first stage pre-processing incudes a band-pass filter followed by a power accumulator to generate power in a pre-determined interval, the power in that interval used to generate an output signal.3. The distributed optical fiber sensing system of FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY:the second stage provides feedback to the first stage such that the first stage may adjust its output detection signals.4. The distributed optical fiber sensing system of FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY:the first stage classifies its output result(s) to three classifications based on probable levels of activity, and only uncertain classifications are subsequently provided to the second stage.5. The distributed optical fiber sensing system of FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY:the second stage performs per-location capturing.6. The ...

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Номер записи: 54
03-01-2019 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NON-INTRUSIVE PIPELINE TESTING

Номер: US20190003499A1
Автор: HULL John, Jalilian Seyed Ehsan, Logan Derek
Принадлежит: Hifi Engineering Inc.

A method for non-intrusive pipeline testing involves constructing the pipeline at a construction location that is above ground, affixing an optical fiber along a surface of a length of the pipeline that is at the construction location, measuring dynamic strain experienced by the length of the pipeline by performing optical interferometry using the optical fiber, and moving the length of the pipeline from the construction location to a different installation location. The optical fiber includes at least one pair of fiber Bragg gratings (“FBGs”) tuned to reflect substantially identical wavelengths with a segment of the optical fiber extending between the FBGs. 1. A method for non-intrusive pipeline testing , the method comprising:(a) constructing the pipeline at a construction location that is above ground;(b) affixing an optical fiber along a surface of a length of the pipeline that is at the construction location, wherein the optical fiber comprises at least one pair of fiber Bragg gratings (“FBGs”) tuned to reflect substantially identical wavelengths with a segment of the optical fiber extending between the FBGs;(c) measuring dynamic strain experienced by the length of the pipeline by performing optical interferometry using the optical fiber; and(d) moving the length of the pipeline from the construction location to a different installation location.2. The method of wherein the installation location comprises a trench.3. The method of or further comprising prior to moving the length of the pipeline claim 1 , removing the optical fiber from the length of the pipeline.4. The method of wherein the fiber remains affixed to the length of the pipeline after the length of the pipeline is moved to the installation location.5. The method of any one of to wherein the fiber extends substantially linearly along the length of the pipeline.6. The method of any one of to wherein the fiber is helically wrapped around the pipeline.7. The method of or wherein the fiber is clamped to ...

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Номер записи: 55
03-01-2019 дата публикации

IMPROVED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING SYSTEM

Номер: US20190003879A1
Автор: Bao Hong Chung, Prohasky Colin
Принадлежит:

An optical fiber sensing system is disclosed for sensing presence of an acoustic event such as acoustic waves or vibration along a path. The sensing system includes means for producing a plurality of pulses of coherent light. The system includes a first optical sensing fiber for receiving at least a first portion of the pulses of coherent light and adapted to be positioned along the path, the first optical sensing fiber producing first backscattered light in response to receiving said pulses of coherent light. The system includes a second optical sensing fiber for receiving at least a second portion of said pulses of coherent light pulses and adapted to be positioned along said path, the second optical sensing fiber producing second backscattered light in response to receiving said pulses of coherent light. The system includes first receiving means arranged to receive the first backscattered light for producing a first optical signal in response to a perturbation in the first backscattered light, and second receiving means arranged to receive the second backscattered light for producing a second optical signal in response to a perturbation in the second backscattered light. The system further includes means for generating a resultant signal in response to the first and/or the second optical signal wherein the resultant signal is indicative of presence of the acoustic event along the path. A method of sensing presence of an acoustic event such as acoustic waves or vibration along a path is also disclosed. 1. An optical fiber sensing system for sensing presence of an acoustic event such as acoustic waves or vibration along a path , said sensing system comprising:at least one of an optical switch or an optical intensity modulator for producing a plurality of pulses of coherent light;a first optical sensing fiber for receiving at least a first portion of said pulses of coherent light and adapted to be positioned along said path, said first optical sensing fiber ...

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Номер записи: 56
03-01-2019 дата публикации

ELECTRO-OPTICAL TRANSDUCER

Номер: US20190003880A1
Автор: Lardat Raphael, Launay Francois-Xavier
Принадлежит:

An electro-optical transducer includes a section of optical fiber including a sensitive area conveying an optical signal representative of an elongation of the sensitive area, the section of optical fiber being taut and extending longitudinally at rest substantially along a longitudinal axis, a piezoelectric actuator including at least one piezoelectric assembly including a piezoelectric bar, the piezoelectric bar extending longitudinally at rest substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, the piezoelectric bar being provided with a pair of electrodes between which the piezoelectric bar is intended to be supplied with electric power by way of an electrical signal delivered by a sensor, the piezoelectric bar being intended to deform essentially through expansion or contraction of said bar parallel to the longitudinal axis in response to a variation in the electrical signal and being coupled mechanically to the section of optical fiber such that this expansion or contraction of the piezoelectric bar brings about a variation in elongation of the sensitive area, and the piezoelectric bar is formed of a single crystal and intended to vibrate in mode. 1. An electro-optical transducer for converting an electrical signal delivered by a physical measurement sensor into an optical signal , said electro-optical transducer comprising:an optical fiber comprising a section of optical fiber comprising a sensitive area, the optical fiber conveying said optical signal, said optical signal being representative of an elongation of the sensitive area, the section of optical fiber being taut and extending longitudinally at rest substantially along a longitudinal axis,a piezoelectric actuator comprising at least one piezoelectric assembly comprising a piezoelectric bar, the piezoelectric bar extending longitudinally at rest substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, said piezoelectric bar being provided with a pair of electrodes between which the piezoelectric bar is intended ...

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Номер записи: 57
20-01-2022 дата публикации

OPTICAL MANDREL, OPTICAL-FIBER ASSEMBLY INCLUDING AN OPTICAL MANDREL, AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING AN ACOUSTIC SIGNAL INCIDENT ON AN OPTICAL-FIBER ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20220021983A1
Автор: Doll Stephen Timothy, Lovely Peter S., Philp James Alexander, Providenza John R., Roberts Timothy N., Stevens Leon J., Stimac Philip J.
Принадлежит: Adelos, Inc.

An embodiment of a system includes a light source, an optical assembly, and an electronic circuit. The light source (e.g., a laser) is configured to generate a source optical signal. The optical assembly is configured to direct the source optical signal into an end of an optical-fiber assembly that includes an optical fiber having a section wrapped multiple turns around a mandrel and including mandrel zones, and to receive, from the end of the optical-fiber assembly, a return optical signal. The electronic circuit is configured to select at least one mandrel zone in response to a component of the return optical signal from the at least one mandrel zone, and to detect an acoustic signal incident on the mandrel in response to the component of the return optical signal. 1a connector having first and second aligned openings and a third opening between the first and second openings; anda form coupled to the connector at the third opening, having an outer surface, a cavity, an end, and fourth and fifth openings between the cavity and the outer surface, and configured to receive an optical fiber that extends into the first opening of the connector, through the third opening of the connector, into the cavity at the end of the form, and through the fourth opening of the form, that forms one or more turns around the outer surface of the form, and that extends through the fifth opening of the form into the cavity, out from the cavity at the end, into the third opening of the connector, and out from the second opening of the connector.. A mandrel, comprising: This patent application is a continuation to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/563,578 filed Sep. 6, 2019 which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/728,031, which was filed 6 Sep. 2018, which is titled OPTICAL MANDREL, AND FIBER-OPTIC-SENSING SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES THE MANDREL, and both of which are incorporated by reference.This disclosure applies to a class of optical-fiber sensors that launch light into ...

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Номер записи: 58
14-01-2021 дата публикации

ACOUSTICALLY ENHANCED OPTICAL CABLES

Номер: US20210008657A1
Автор: BALDWIN Christopher S., Dunphy James R., LEFEBVRE Paul, LI Hongbo, Taverner Domino, VINCELETTE André R.
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatus to control the acoustic properties of optical cables used as in-well oil and gas probes for acoustic monitoring, such as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). One example aspect provides a solid path for the acoustic wave to propagate from an outside armor layer of the cable to the sensing optical waveguide embedded therein. Another example aspect offers ways to spatially dispose the optical sensing elements to create response delays indicative of the propagation speed and/or direction of an acoustic wave. Yet another example aspect provides ways to utilize additional spectral interrogation to increase ultimate spatial resolution. Yet another example aspect provides ways to locally vary the acoustic properties along the length of the cable. 1. An optical cable comprising:a tube;an optical waveguide disposed in the tube; andone or more solid structures disposed between an inner surface of the tube and an outer surface of the optical waveguide, the one or more solid structures being configured to form at least a portion of a solid path for acoustic waves to travel from an environment outside the tube to the optical waveguide.2. The optical cable of claim 1 , wherein the one or more solid structures contact the optical waveguide.3. The optical cable of claim 1 , wherein the one or more solid structures are attached to the inner surface of the tube at one or more locations along a length of the tube.4. The optical cable of claim 3 , wherein the one or more solid structures are attached to the inner surface of the tube via at least one of solder or an adhesive.5. The optical cable of claim 1 , wherein the one or more solid structures comprise a strip of material having a plurality of bends.6. The optical cable of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of bends are periodic for at least a portion of the strip.7. The optical cable of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of bends have a first periodicity for a first portion of the strip and a second periodicity for ...

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Номер записи: 59
12-01-2017 дата публикации

POLYMER COATED OPTICAL FIBER

Номер: US20170010412A1
Автор: Briggs William, Demetz Fred, HULL John, Jalilian Seyed Ehsan, Racosky Michael
Принадлежит:

Coated optical fibers and uses of such fibers as sensors in high temperature and/or high pressure environments. The coated optical fiber has improved sensing properties at elevated pressure and/or temperature, such as enhanced acoustic sensitivity and/or a reduced loss in acoustic sensitivity. The use of the coated optical fibers in various sensing applications that require operation under elevated pressure and/or temperature, such as, acoustic sensors for various geological, security, military, aerospace, marine, and oil and gas applications are also provided. 1. A coated optical fiber comprising:an optical fiber, anda polymeric coating over the optical fiber, the polymeric coating comprising a thermoset, thermoplastic or UV cured elastomer having a Poisson's Ratio of between about 0.350 and about 0.4995, and a shear modulus of between about 20 psi and about 2900 psi.2. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , the thermoset claim 1 , thermoplastic or UV cured elastomer further having a Shore A hardness of between about 20 and about 95.3. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the Poisson's Ratio is less than about 0.490.4. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric coating comprises a thermoset elastomer that is stable at operating temperatures up to about 300° C.5. The coated optical fiber according to claim 4 , wherein the thermoset elastomer is a silicone.6. The coated optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric coating comprises a thermoplastic or UV cured elastomer that is stable at operating temperatures up to about 150° C.7. The coated optical fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is a polyester-polyether copolymer.8. The coated optical fiber according to claim 7 , wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is Hytrel® 3078.9. The coated optical fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the UV cured elastomer is an aliphatic urethane acrylate claim 6 , aromatic urethane acrylate ...

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Номер записи: 60
11-01-2018 дата публикации

OBJECT INFORMATION OBTAINING DEVICE, DISPLAY METHOD, AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM

Номер: US20180010957A1
Автор: Abe Hiroshi, SUZUKI Koichi
Принадлежит:

An object information obtaining device includes a light source which emits light, an acoustic wave detecting unit which detects a photoacoustic wave generated by irradiation of an object with the light, and outputs an electric signal in response to detection of the photoacoustic wave, and a processing unit configured to perform two or more types of processing to photoacoustic signal data based on the electric signal to obtain object information corresponding to each of the two or more types of processing, and to display on a display unit the object information corresponding to at least one processing selected by a user out of the two or more types of processing. 1. An image generating apparatus , comprising:a light source configured to emit light;an acoustic wave detecting unit configured to detect a photoacoustic wave generated by irradiation of an object with the light and output an electric signal in response to detection of the acoustic wave; andan arithmetic unit configured to generate photoacoustic signal data based on the electric signal and generate image data based on the photoacoustic signal data, perform first image reconstruction processing on first photoacoustic signal data from among the photoacoustic signal data or second image reconstruction processing on second photoacoustic signal data from among the photoacoustic signal data;', 'generate the image data by performing the first image reconstruction processing or the second image reconstruction processing selected by a user; and', 'cause a display unit to display an image based on the image data,', 'wherein each of the first photoacoustic signal data and the second photoacoustic signal data includes common photoacoustic signal data., 'wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to2. The image generating apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe first image reconstruction is time-domain image reconstruction processing or Fourier-domain image reconstruction processing, andthe second image ...

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Номер записи: 61
11-01-2018 дата публикации

FIBER OPTIC SENSOR, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND VIBROSCOPE USING SAME

Номер: US20180010958A1
Автор: KIM Young Tae
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a fiber optic sensor, a method of manufacturing the same, and a vibroscope using the same. A fiber optic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an optical cable; an optical fiber taken out of the optical cable and provided with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG); a mold housing as a case into or to which the optical cable and the optical fiber are partially inserted and fixed, the mold housing including an optical cable accommodation groove to accommodate the optical cable, an optical fiber accommodation hole extending from the optical cable accommodation groove to accommodate the optical fiber, and a coating agent introduction hole communicated with the optical fiber accommodation hole so as to allow fluid to flow therebetween from an outer side of the mold housing so that a liquid-type coating agent permeates via the optical fiber accommodation hole; and a coating layer filling the optical fiber accommodation hole and the coating agent introduction hole and formed on an outer circumference of the optical fiber including the FBG and a surface of the mold housing. 1. A fiber optic sensor comprising:an optical cable;an optical fiber taken out of the optical cable and provided with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG);a mold housing as a case into or to which the optical cable and the optical fiber are partially inserted and fixed, the mold housing comprising an optical cable accommodation groove to accommodate the optical cable, an optical fiber accommodation hole extending from the optical cable accommodation groove to accommodate the optical fiber, and a coating agent introduction hole communicated with the optical fiber accommodation hole so as to allow fluid to flow therebetween from an outer side of the mold housing so that a liquid-type coating agent permeates via the optical fiber accommodation hole; anda coating layer filling the optical fiber accommodation hole and the coating agent introduction hole and formed ...

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Номер записи: 62
11-01-2018 дата публикации

Optical Vibration Detection System and Method

Номер: US20180011006A1
Автор: Kingscott Lisa
Принадлежит: BRAGI GmbH

A system includes at least one earpiece wherein each earpiece comprises an earpiece housing, a light source operatively connected to each earpiece housing and configured to transmit substantially coherent light toward an outer surface of a user's body, a light receiver operatively connected to the earpiece housing proximate to the light source and configured to receive reflected light from the outer surface of the user's body, and one or more processors disposed within the earpiece housing and operatively connected to the light source and light receiver, wherein one or more processors is configured to determine bone vibration measurements from the reflected light. A method of determining bone vibrations includes providing at least one earpiece, transmitting substantially coherent light toward an outer surface of a user's body using the earpiece, receiving reflected light from the outer surface of the user's body using the earpiece, and determining bone vibration measurements using the earpiece. 1. A system comprising:at least one earpiece, wherein each earpiece comprises an earpiece housing;a light source operatively connected to the earpiece housing and configured to transmit light toward an outer surface of a user's body, wherein the light source is substantially coherent;a light receiver operatively connected to the earpiece housing proximate to the light source configured to receive reflected light from the light transmitted to the outer surface of the user's body; andat least one processor disposed within the earpiece housing and operatively connected to the light source and the light receiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine bone vibration measurements from the reflected light.2. The system of wherein the at least one earpiece comprises a set of earpieces.3. The system of wherein the light source transmits the light intermittently toward the outer surface of the user's body.4. The system of wherein the light source transmits the ...

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Номер записи: 63
11-01-2018 дата публикации

Quantitative Texture Measurement Apparatus and Method

Номер: US20180011069A1
Автор: BAI Ou, BOURG, FAGAN Scott, JR. Wilfred Marcellien, MICHEL-SANCHEZ Enrique, MIRZA Shahmeer Ali, RICHARDSON Scott G., SHAO Chen C.
Принадлежит:

A non-destructive measurement apparatus and method for quantitatively measuring texture of a food snack is disclosed. The apparatus includes a laser generating tool, an ultrasound excitation device, an acoustic capturing device, an ultrasound capturing device and a data processing unit. The laser generating tool and the ultrasound excitation tool direct energy towards a food snack placed on a surface and produce an acoustic signal and an ultrasound signal. The data processing unit further comprises a digital signal processing module that processes the received acoustic signal and ultrasound signal. A statistical processing module further filters the acoustic signal from the data processing unit and generates a quantitative acoustic model for texture attributes such as hardness and fracturability. The quantitative model is correlated with a qualitative texture measurement from a descriptive expert panel. Texture of food snacks are quantitatively measured with the quantitative acoustic model. 1. An apparatus for quantitative non-destructive texture attribute measurement of a food product comprising:a housing;a laser generator attached to said housing;an acoustic capturing device proximally located to said housing;an ultrasound excitation device proximally located to said housing;an ultrasound capturing device proximally positioned with respect to said acoustic capturing device;a data processing unit in communication with at least said acoustic capturing device and at least said ultrasound capturing device;wherein a laser from said laser generator is directed to strike said food product, thereby producing an acoustic signal to be detected by said acoustic capturing device; and an ultrasound wave from said ultrasound exciting device is directed to strike said food product, thereby producing an ultrasound signal to be detected by said ultrasound capturing device;wherein further said data processing unit is configured to quantitatively measure said texture attribute of ...

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Номер записи: 64
10-01-2019 дата публикации

Method for Phase Resolved Heterodyne Shearographic Measurements

Номер: US20190011247A1
Автор: Libbey Bradley W., Perea James D.
Принадлежит:

A phase-resolved heterodyne shearing interferometer has been developed for high-rate, whole field observations of transient surface motion. The sensor utilizes polarization multiplexing and multiple carrier frequencies to separate each segment of a shearing Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Post-processing routines have been developed to recombine the segments by extracting the scattered object phase from Doppler shifted intermediate carrier frequencies, providing quantitative relative phase changes and information to create variable shear, phase resolved shearographic fringe patterns without temporal or spatial phase shifting. 1. A digital signal process to compute on a computer a phase resolved gradient of displacement based on phase resolved heterodyne shearographic measurements , the digital signal process comprising the steps of:accessing temporal spatial irradiance data stored on a computer as a sequence of pixel-based image frames;isolating heterodyne signal from a complete measurement by high-pass filtering each pixel independently to output heterodyne information at local oscillator frequencies of first and second carrier frequencies;multiplying each pixel by sine and cosine of the first carrier frequency to calculate in-phase and quadrature phase time sequences for the first carrier frequency;low pass filtering the resulting in-phase and quadrature time sequences to remove unwanted components predominantly at twice the first carrier frequency and produce first filtered in-phase and quadrature time sequences;producing an estimate of Doppler phase at each pixel for the first carrier frequency by arctangent demodulation of the first filtered in-phase and quadrature time sequences using the first carrier frequency;multiplying each pixel by sine and cosine of the second carrier frequency to calculate in-phase and quadrature phase time sequences for the second carrier frequency;low pass filtering the resulting in-phase and quadrature time sequences to remove unwanted ...

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Номер записи: 65
14-01-2021 дата публикации

FIBER OPTIC NOISE MITIGATION FOR DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING

Номер: US20210011185A1
Автор: Ellmauthaler Andreas, Palacios Pedro William, Willis Mark Elliott, Zhao Xiaomin
Принадлежит:

To mitigate zigzag noise and increase the quality of data provided from DAS VSP in wells with significant vertical sections, zigzag noise characteristics are identified and quantified. The zigzag noise properties can be extracted from an analysis of an autocorrelation of DAS VSP traces. The zigzag noise has a characteristic time period or repeat time delay that is the time period for the noise to propagate along the wireline through a zone of the wellbore with poor acoustic coupling between the fiber optic cable and formation. This period can be identified from analysis of the autocorrelation referred to herein as a crosswise lag summation function. The crosswise lag summation function identifies groups of DAS data traces containing zigzag noise and outputs zigzag noise periodicity for each group of traces. Once it has been identified, the zigzag noise can be removed from the VSP data and improve formation evaluation. 1. A method comprising:generating autocorrelation values for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) acoustic traces acquired at different depths over time in a wellbore;identifying one or more groups of acoustic traces that correspond to zigzag noise based, at least in part, on the autocorrelation values; performing a summation of the autocorrelation values as a function of lag;', 'identifying a zigzag noise periodicity based, at least in part, on the summation of the autocorrelation values;', 'generating an estimated noise signal based, at least in part, on the identified zigzag noise periodicity for the group of traces;', 'removing the estimated noise signal from the group of acoustic traces which generates noise mitigated traces; and, 'for each group of acoustic traces that corresponds to zigzag noise,'}reconstructing the DAS acoustic traces based, at least in part, on replacing the one or more groups of acoustic traces with the noise mitigated traces for the one or more groups of traces corresponding to zigzag noise.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 66
14-01-2021 дата публикации

DIRECT COUPLING FIBER-DEVICE STRUCTURE

Номер: US20210011232A1
Автор: CHEN Li-Yi
Принадлежит:

A direct coupling fiber-device structure including an optical fiber and a micro device is provided. The optical fiber has a first end, a second end opposite to the first end, and an inner cavity recessed from the first end. The micro device is in the inner cavity. The micro device has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is substantially facing away from the first end. The second surface is opposite to the first surface and facing toward the first end. 1. A direct coupling fiber-device structure , comprising:an optical fiber having a first end, a second end opposite to the first end, and an inner cavity recessed from the first end; anda micro device in the inner cavity and having a first surface substantially facing away from the first end and a second surface opposite to the first surface and facing toward the first end.2. The direct coupling fiber-device structure of claim 1 , further comprising a base portion in contact with the first end claim 1 , wherein the micro device is between the first end and the base portion.3. The direct coupling fiber-device structure of claim 2 , wherein the base portion is in contact with the first surface of the micro device.4. The direct coupling fiber-device structure of claim 2 , further comprising a supporting element connecting the optical fiber and the base portion claim 2 , wherein the supporting element is in contact with an outer periphery of the optical fiber.5. The direct coupling fiber-device structure of claim 1 , further comprising a transparent layer in the inner cavity and between the micro device and the first end claim 1 , wherein a refractive index of the transparent layer is greater than 1.6. The direct coupling fiber-device structure of claim 5 , wherein the refractive index of the transparent layer is smaller than a refractive index of the micro device.7. The direct coupling fiber-device structure of claim 1 , wherein the micro device is a micro light emitting device.8. The direct coupling ...

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Номер записи: 67
09-01-2020 дата публикации

Transducer Structure, Transducer Comprising Such Transducer Structure, and Sensor Comprising said Transducer

Номер: US20200011748A1
Автор: Brock Martin Edward, Fry Thomas Murray, Kalogeropoulos Xenofon, Lamb Gordon, Rosser Christopher James
Принадлежит:

A transducer structure for converting a deformation along an axis into a corresponding deformation on a plane orthogonal to the axis itself, including: two end plates facing each other and aligned along a common reference axis (X); connection members projecting radially from each end plate according to respective different directions; lateral bars connecting the end plates to one another through two connection members. The connection members are deformable within respective deformation planes to allow relative movements between the end plates and the lateral bars such as to convert an axial movement of mutual approach between the two end plates into a corresponding radial movement of the lateral bars away from the reference axis (X), and vice-versa. 1. A transducer structure for converting a deformation along an axis into a corresponding deformation on a plane orthogonal to said axis , comprising:two end plates facing each other and aligned along a common reference axis (X);{'b': 2', '3, 'a plurality of connection members projecting radially from each end plate (, ) according to respective mutually different directions;'}a plurality of lateral bars, each connecting said end plates to one another through two respective of said connection members;wherein said connection members are deformable within respective deformation planes to allow relative movements between said end plates and said lateral bars such as to convert an axial movement of mutual approach between said two end plates into a corresponding radial movement of said lateral bars away from said reference axis (X), and vice-versa.2. The transducer structure according to claim 1 , wherein each connection member comprises one or two hinge elements claim 1 , each hinge element being configured to allow mutual rotation between two mutually adjacent parts within said connection member according to a corresponding hinge axis orthogonal to the respective deformation plane.3. The transducer structure according to ...

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Номер записи: 68
03-02-2022 дата публикации

ROAD MONITORING SYSTEM, ROAD MONITORING DEVICE, ROAD MONITORING METHOD, AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM

Номер: US20220032943A1
Автор: Aono Yoshiaki, YODA Yukihide
Принадлежит: NEC Corporation

A road monitoring system according to the present disclosure includes a cable () including a communication optical fiber laid on a road (), a reception unit () configured to receive an optical signal from at least one communication optical fiber included in the cable (), and a detection unit () configured to detect, based on the optical signal, a pattern according to a traveling state of a vehicle on the road (), and detect, based on the detected pattern, a traveling state of a vehicle on the road (). 1. A road monitoring system comprising:a cable including a communication optical fiber, being laid on a road;a reception unit configured to receive an optical signal from at least one communication optical fiber included in the cable; anda detection unit configured to detect, based on the optical signal, a pattern according to a traveling state of a vehicle on the road, and detect, based on the detected pattern according to the traveling state of the vehicle on the road, a traveling state of a vehicle on the road.2. The road monitoring system according to claim 1 , wherein the detection unit detects claim 1 , based on the optical signal claim 1 , a pattern according to traveling states of a plurality of vehicles on the road claim 1 , and detects claim 1 , based on the detected pattern according to the traveling states of the plurality of vehicles on the road claim 1 , traveling states of a plurality of vehicles on the road.3. The road monitoring system according to claim 2 , wherein the detection unit detects a traffic state of the road claim 2 , based on the detected traveling states of the plurality of vehicles on the road.4. The road monitoring system according to claim 3 , further comprising a distribution unit configured to distribute information of the detected traffic state of the road to a driver of a vehicle.5. A road monitoring device comprising:a reception unit configured to receive an optical signal from at least one communication optical fiber included in ...

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Номер записи: 69
15-01-2015 дата публикации

SONIC/ACOUSTIC MONITORING USING OPTICAL DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING

Номер: US20150016220A1
Автор: Bostick, III Francis
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatus for performing sonic well logging within a wellbore based on optical Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) are provided. A sonic well logging system based on DAS may be capable of producing the functional equivalent of tens, hundreds, or even thousands of acoustic sensors. In this manner, the emplacement of the sonic well logging system based on DAS may not be nearly as complex or expensive as emplacing a sonic well logging system based on traditional methods. Furthermore, multiplexing may be simpler, downhole electronics need not be used, and the sonic well logging system may be used in extreme, high temperature environments. 1. An apparatus for performing sonic well logging in a wellbore , comprising:an acoustic energy source disposed between a casing disposed in the wellbore and a tubing disposed in the casing, wherein the acoustic energy source is configured to generate acoustic signals in the wellbore for interacting with at least one of the wellbore, a wellbore completion, and formations adjacent the wellbore to form transmitted, reflected, refracted, or absorbed acoustic signals; andan optical waveguide for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) disposed in the wellbore, wherein the transmitted, reflected, or refracted acoustic signals affect light propagating in the waveguide.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the acoustic energy source and the waveguide is permanently emplaced in the wellbore.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic energy source and the waveguide are suspended in a cable in the wellbore.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic energy source and the waveguide are coupled to the tubing.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is disposed outside the casing disposed in the wellbore.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is disposed outside the casing disposed in the wellbore and wherein the acoustic energy source is coupled to the tubing disposed in the casing.7. ...

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Номер записи: 70
14-01-2021 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS OF AN OPTICAL LINK IN AN OPTICAL NETWORK

Номер: US20210013962A1
Автор: MANSOURI RAD Mohammad Mehdi
Принадлежит: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

There is provided apparatuses to detect occurrence and location of damages on optical fiber links in advance by converting an optical span in optical network to an interferometry based sensing media. The interferometry based sensing media may enable detection of mechanical perturbation or mechanical vibration occurred on optical fiber links across optical network. The system employed with the interferometry based sensing media can detect occurrence of mechanical perturbation or mechanical vibration as well as discover the location of such event occurred using standard interferometry based sensing techniques. 1. An apparatus for converting optical spans in an optical network to an interferometry-based sensing media for detecting operational conditions of an optical fiber , the apparatus comprising: a transmitter to send an optical probe signal, the optical probe signal being transmitted into both the first end of the first optical fiber span and the first end of the second optical fiber span; and', 'a receiver to receive a first returning optical probe signal from the first end of the first optical fiber span and a second returning optical probe signal from the first end of the second optical fiber span; and, 'a probe transceiver module communicatively connected to a first end of a first optical fiber span and a first end of a second optical span, the probe transceiver module comprisinga loop back module communicatively connected to a second end of the first optical fiber span and a second end of the second optical fiber span, the loop back module configured to transfer optical signals between the first optical fiber span and the second optical fiber span;wherein combining of the first returning optical probe signal and the second returning optical probe signal enables detection of operational conditions of the optical fiber including the first optical fiber span and the second optical fiber span.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises:a coupler ...

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Номер записи: 71
19-01-2017 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE VIBRATIONAL AMPLITUDE OF A CAPILLARY TUBE OF A WIRE BONDER

Номер: US20170016760A1
Автор: Holzapfel Wolfgang, Huber Walter
Принадлежит:

In a device for measuring the vibrational amplitude of a capillary tube of a wire bonder, the capillary tube is placed between a light source and a detector system, so that the vibrational amplitude is able to be ascertained from the shading of a beam of light by the capillary tube. The beam of light emitted by the light source is split into a measuring beam of light and a reference beam of light, an edge of the capillary tube at least partially shading the measuring beam of light in the vibrating state, while the reference beam of light is not shaded. The detector system includes a measuring detector assigned to the measuring beam of light as well as at least one reference detector assigned to the reference beam of light, and the vibrational amplitude of the capillary tube is ascertainable from the interconnected output signals of the measuring detector and the reference detector. 110-. (canceled)11. A device for measuring a vibrational amplitude of a capillary tube of a wire bonder , comprising:a light source adapted to emit a beam of light; anda detector system adapted to ascertain the vibrational amplitude of the capillary tube placed between the light source and the detector system from the shading of the beam of light by the capillary tube;wherein the beam of light emitted by the light source is split into a measuring beam of light and a reference beam of light, an edge of the capillary tube at least partially shading the measuring beam of light in a vibrating state, while the reference beam of light is not shaded; andwherein the detector system includes a measuring detector assigned to the measuring beam of light and at least one reference detector assigned to the reference beam of light, the measuring detector and the reference detector being connected to each other, the vibrational amplitude of the capillary tube being ascertainable from output signals of the measuring detector and the reference detector.12. The device according to claim 11 , further ...

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Номер записи: 72
21-01-2016 дата публикации

OPTICAL FIBER RIBBON IMAGING GUIDEWIRE AND METHODS

Номер: US20160018593A1
Автор: Eberle Michael J., Rourke Howard Neil, Tasker Diana Margaret
Принадлежит:

An intravascular or other 2D or 3D imaging apparatus can include a minimally-invasive distal imaging guidewire portion. A plurality of thin optical fibers () can be circumferentially distributed about a cylindrical guidewire core (), such as in an spiral-wound or otherwise attached optical fiber ribbon (). A low refractive index coating, high numerical aperture (NA) fiber, or other technique can be used to overcome challenges of using extremely thin optical fibers. Coating and ribbonizing techniques are described. Also described are nonuniform refractive index peak amplitudes or wavelengths techniques for FBG writing, using a depressed index optical cladding, chirping, a self-aligned connector, optical fiber routing and alignment techniques for a system connector, and an adapter for connecting to standard optical fiber coupling connectors.

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Номер записи: 73
17-04-2014 дата публикации

PROBE, OBJECT INFORMATION ACQUISITION APPARATUS, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE PROBE

Номер: US20140102204A1
Автор: Akiyama Takahiro, Hotta Yoshio
Принадлежит: CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA

A probe configured to receive an acoustic wave from an object including an element having a cell structure, in which a vibration membrane having one of a pair of electrodes formed with a gap arranged therebetween is supported so that the vibration membrane can be vibrated by the acoustic wave; a light reflection layer provided at a position near the object with respect to the element and configured to reflect light; and a support layer provided between the element and the light reflection layer and configured to support the light reflection layer. 1. A probe configured to receive an acoustic wave from an object , the probe comprising:an element having a cell structure, in which a vibration membrane having one of a pair of electrodes formed with a gap arranged therebetween is supported so that the vibration membrane can be vibrated by the acoustic wave;a light reflection layer provided at a position near the object with respect to the element and configured to reflect light; anda support layer provided between the element and the light reflection layer and configured to support the light reflection layer,wherein the support layer has a rupture stress of 50 MPa or larger.2. The probe according to claim 1 , wherein the support layer has a solubility parameter that is apart by 5 or more from a solubility parameter of an acoustic medium that contacts the probe.3. The probe according to claim 1 , further comprising an acoustic matching layer provided between the vibration membrane and the support layer.4. The probe according to claim 3 , wherein the support layer has a larger Young's modulus than a Young's modulus of the acoustic matching layer.5. The probe according to claim 3 , wherein the acoustic matching layer has an acoustic impedance in a range from 1 MRayls to 2 MRayls.6. The probe according to claim 3 , wherein the acoustic matching layer has a Young's modulus of 10 MPa or smaller.7. The probe according to claim 1 , wherein the support layer has an acoustic ...

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Номер записи: 74
17-01-2019 дата публикации

OMNIDIRECTIONAL OPTICAL FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS FOR ULTRASONIC GUIDED WAVE SENSING AND ASSOCIATE SOURCE LOCATION METHODS

Номер: US20190017864A1
Автор: Borigo Cody J., Owens Steven E., PHILTRON Jason, Rose Joseph L.
Принадлежит: FBS, INC.

A system includes at least one optical fiber having at least one FBG and a detection system. The optical fiber is configured to be coupled to a structure in at least one location. The location at which the optical fiber is to be coupled to the structure is different from a location at which the FBG is disposed. The detection system includes a light source configured to inject light into the optical fiber, a photodetector configured to detect a shift in a wavelength spectrum of light reflected by the FBG as a result of a time-varying strain induced at the at least one FBG, and a processor configured to detect a shear-horizontal guided stress wave propagating in said structure based on the shift in the wavelength spectrum detected by the photodetector induced by a longitudinal-type guided stress wave that is propagated along the optical fiber. 1. A system , comprising:at least one optical fiber including at least one fiber Bragg grating (FBG) disposed along a length thereof, the at least one optical fiber configured to be coupled to a structure in at least one location, the location at which the optical fiber is configured to be coupled to the structure being different from a location at which the FBG is disposed; and a light source optically coupled to the at least one optical fiber, the light source configured to inject light into the at least one optical fiber;', 'a photodetector configured to detect a shift in a wavelength spectrum of light reflected by the at least one FBG as a result of a time-varying strain induced at the at least one FBG; and', 'a processor in signal communication with the photodetector, the processor configured to detect a shear-horizontal guided stress wave propagating in said structure based on the shift in the wavelength spectrum detected by the photodetector induced by a longitudinal-type guided stress wave that is propagated along the at least one optical fiber., 'an optical guided wave detection system coupled to the at least one ...

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Номер записи: 75
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Quantitative Liquid Texture Measurement Apparatus and Methods

Номер: US20190017972A1
Автор: BAI Ou, BOURG, FAGAN Scott, JR. Wilfred Marcellien, MICHEL-SANCHEZ Enrique, MIRZA Shahmeer Ali, RICHARDSON Scott G., SHAO Chen C.
Принадлежит:

A photo acoustic non-destructive measurement apparatus and method for quantitatively measuring texture of a liquid. The apparatus includes a laser generating tool, an acoustic capturing device, and a data processing unit. The laser generating tool directs a laser towards a surface of a liquid contained in a container and creates pressure waves that propagate through the air and produce an acoustic signal. The acoustic capturing device records and forwards the signal to a data processing unit. The data processing unit further comprises a digital signal processing module that processes the received acoustic signal. A statistical processing module further filters the acoustic signal from the data processing unit and generates a quantitative acoustic model for texture attributes such as hardness and fracturability. The quantitative model is correlated with a qualitative texture measurement from a descriptive expert panel. Textures of liquids are quantitatively measured with the quantitative acoustic model. 1. A photo acoustic quantitative method for measuring texture attribute of a liquid , the method comprising the steps of:a) striking a surface of the liquid with a laser and creating an arc, thereby generating an acoustic signal from the struck surface of the liquid;b) capturing the acoustic signal with an acoustic capturing device positioned above the struck surface of the liquid;c) sending the acoustic signal to a data processing unit coupled to the acoustic capturing device;d) converting the acoustic signal from a time domain to a frequency domain;e) identifying relevant frequencies and their associated intensities; andf) quantifying the texture attribute of the liquid based on the relevant frequencies and the associated intensities.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser imparts fluence within a range of 1 mJ/cmto 700 mJ/mm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid is contained in an open container when the laser strikes the liquid.4. The method of claim ...

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Номер записи: 76
16-01-2020 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING A SUBSURFACE EVENT

Номер: US20200018149A1
Автор: HU Chaoshun, Luo Yang, Wu Chunling, ZHANG Leonard Lin
Принадлежит:

Systems, methods, and storage media for detecting a given subsurface event in a subsurface volume of interest are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: receive a subsurface fiber optic data set; receive a sensor data set using one or more sensors; constrain the subsurface fiber optic data set based on a given parameter value of a given parameter within a certain range to generate a constrained subsurface fiber optic data set; use sets of models to refine the constrained subsurface fiber optic data set to generate a refined subsurface fiber optic data set; estimate an event location of the given subsurface event based on the refined subsurface fiber optic data set; and estimate an origin time based on the event location. 1. A method for detecting a given subsurface event in a subsurface volume of interest , the method comprising:receiving a subsurface fiber optic data set of the given subsurface event, wherein the subsurface fiber optic data set comprises responses detected by a fiber optic apparatus, and wherein a given subsurface fiber optic data specifies parameter values of parameters as a function of position in the subsurface volume of interest;constraining the subsurface fiber optic data set based on a given parameter value of a given parameter within a certain range to generate a constrained subsurface fiber optic data set;using sets of models to refine the constrained subsurface fiber optic data set to generate a refined subsurface fiber optic data set;estimating an event location of the given subsurface event based on the refined subsurface fiber optic data set; andestimating an origin time based on the event location.2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving a sensor data set of the given subsurface event, wherein the sensor data set comprises responses detected by a sensor, and wherein a given sensor data specifies parameter values of parameters as a function of position within the subsurface volume of interest; ...

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Номер записи: 77
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Fringe-Free Laser Inteferometric Sound Detection System and Method

Номер: US20200018638A1
Автор: McBeth Michael Steven, Younts Robert Alexander
Принадлежит:

A system for detecting sound comprising a laser beam transmitter transmitting at least two parallel modulated laser beams through a medium having a measurable index of refraction, a beam termination mechanism configured to terminate the laser beams' transmission through the medium, a guide mechanism used to guide the terminated laser beam to at least one beam combiner, an envelope detector optically coupled to the beam combiner, wherein the envelope detector is configured to receive the terminated laser beam from the beam combiner, creating an angle modulated signal; a processor used to process the angle modulated signal to recover the sound. 1. A system for detecting sound comprising:a laser beam transmitter transmitting at least two parallel modulated laser beams through a medium having a measurable index of refraction;a beam termination mechanism configured to terminate the laser beams' transmission through the medium;a guide mechanism used to guide the terminated laser beam to at least one beam combiner;an envelope detector optically coupled to the beam combiner, wherein the envelope detector is configured to receive the terminated laser beam from the beam combiner, creating an angle modulated signal;a processor used to process the angle modulated signal to recover the sound.2. The system of wherein the laser beams are Continuous Wave laser beams.3. The system of wherein the laser beams are pulsed laser beams.4. The system of wherein the medium is water.5. The system of wherein the beam termination mechanism is a physical boundary.6. The system of wherein the guide mechanism is a mirror.7. The system of wherein the beam termination mechanism is a series of backscatter events created where a fraction of the laser beam is scattered back toward the laser beam transmitter.8. The system of wherein the guide mechanism is a mirror.9. The system of wherein the beam termination mechanism is at least one retroreflector that reflects the incident laser beam directly back ...

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Номер записи: 78
21-01-2021 дата публикации

ANCHOR STRUCTURE FOR SECURING OPTOMECHANICAL STRUCTURE

Номер: US20210018530A1
Автор: Dorr Joshua, Fertig Chad, Krueger Neil, Puckett Matthew, Savchenko Arthur, Tin Steven
Принадлежит:

This disclosure is related to devices, systems, and techniques for securing one or more mechanical structures to a frame of a proof mass assembly. For example, a system includes a light-emitting device configured to emit an optical signal, a circuit including a modulating device configured to modulate the optical signal to produce a modulated optical signal, and a mechanical assembly. The mechanical assembly includes an anchor structure including a set of connecting structures configured to pass the modulated optical signal, where the set of connecting structures includes two or more connecting structures, and where a width of each connecting structure of the set of connecting structures is less than a maximum width of the anchor structure and a mechanical structure intersecting with the anchor structure, the mechanical structure configured to guide the modulated optical signal. 1. A system comprising:a light-emitting device configured to emit an optical signal;a circuit comprising a modulating device configured to modulate the optical signal to produce a modulated optical signal; and an anchor structure comprising a set of connecting structures configured to pass the modulated optical signal, wherein the set of connecting structures comprises two or more connecting structures, and wherein a width of each connecting structure of the set of connecting structures is less than a maximum width of the anchor structure; and', 'a mechanical structure intersecting with the anchor structure, the mechanical structure configured to guide the modulated optical signal., 'a mechanical assembly comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical assembly further comprises:a proof mass, wherein a proximal end of the mechanical structure is fixed to the proof mass; anda frame, wherein a distal portion of the mechanical structure is secured to the frame by the anchor structure, andwherein the circuit is further configured to determine an acceleration value based on the ...

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Номер записи: 79
21-01-2021 дата публикации

OPTOMECHANICAL STRUCTURE WITH CORRUGATED EDGE

Номер: US20210018531A1
Автор: Dorr Joshua, Fertig Chad, Krueger Neil, Puckett Matthew, Savchenko Arthur, Tin Steven
Принадлежит:

This disclosure is related to devices, systems, and techniques for inducing mechanical vibration in one or more mechanical structures. For example, a system includes a mechanical structure extending along a longitudinal axis. The mechanical structure includes a set of mechanical beams, where the set of mechanical beams are configured to guide a modulated optical signal, and where the set of mechanical beams includes a first mechanical beam and a second mechanical beam separated by a gap. The first mechanical beam includes at least one of a first corrugated inner edge parallel to the longitudinal axis and a first corrugated outer edge parallel to the longitudinal axis. The second mechanical beam includes at least one of a second corrugated inner edge parallel to the longitudinal axis and a second corrugated outer edge parallel to the longitudinal axis. 1. A system comprising:a light-emitting device configured to emit an optical signal;a circuit comprising a modulating device configured to modulate the optical signal to produce a modulated optical signal; anda mechanical structure extending along a longitudinal axis, the mechanical structure comprising a set of mechanical beams,wherein the set of mechanical beams are configured to guide the modulated optical signal, a first corrugated inner edge parallel to the longitudinal axis; and', 'a first corrugated outer edge parallel to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the second mechanical beam comprises at least one of:', 'a second corrugated inner edge parallel to the longitudinal axis; and', 'a second corrugated outer edge parallel to the longitudinal axis., 'wherein the set of mechanical beams includes a first mechanical beam and a second mechanical beam separated by a gap, wherein the first mechanical beam comprises at least one of2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a proof mass claim 1 , wherein the mechanical structure is configured to suspend the proof mass in a frame claim 1 , and ...

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Номер записи: 80
03-02-2022 дата публикации

Magnetoelectric Antenna Arrays

Номер: US20220038074A1
Автор: Lin Hwaider, Sun Nian Xiang
Принадлежит:

Two or more ME resonators are connected in series and in parallel generating a high sensitive, energy efficient and broadband miniature antenna and other conductor devices. 1. An ME antenna , comprising: a magnetostrictive layer;', 'a top ground electrode layer;', 'a piezoelectric layer;', 'a bottom electrode layer; and', wherein said top ground electrode layer is deposited on said piezoelectric layer and is patterned with a shaped aperture; the magnetostrictive layer is also deposited on said piezoelectric layer through the shaped aperture; the piezoelectric layer is deposited on the bottom electrode layer which is deposited on the substrate layer;', 'thereby the magnetostrictive layer and the piezoelectric form a heterostructure on the bottom electrode layer, leading to magnetization oscillation that radiates electromagnetic waves at the acoustic resonance frequencies and converts the electromagnetic waves into a piezoelectric voltage output., 'a substrate layer;'}], 'one or more resonators electronically connected in series or in parallel, each of said resonators having a structure of'}2. The ME antenna of claim 1 , wherein the electrode layer is deposited with materials comprising at least one of the materials claim 1 , including Molybdenum (Mo) claim 1 , Titanium (Ti) claim 1 , Tungsten (W) claim 1 , Gold (Au) claim 1 , Platinum (Pt) and Aluminum (Al) claim 1 , and Ru (Ruthenium).3. The ME antenna of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric layer comprises a material comprising at least one of the piezoelectric materials selected from Aluminum Nitride Scadium Nitride (AlSN) claim 1 , Aluminum Nitride (AlN) claim 1 , (Hf claim 1 ,X)Owith X=Zr claim 1 , Si claim 1 , etc. claim 1 , Barium titanate (BaTiO) claim 1 , Gallium phosphate (GaPO) claim 1 , Lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS) claim 1 , Lead scandium tantalate (PST) claim 1 , Zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , Quartz claim 1 , Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) claim 1 , Lithium tantalate (LiTaO) claim 1 , Lead lanthanum ...

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Номер записи: 81
24-04-2014 дата публикации

LASER APPARATUS AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20140109678A1
Автор: Ichihara Shigeru
Принадлежит: CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA

Provided is a laser apparatus including a cavity having an output mirror and a reflective mirror, a laser medium and an excitation lamp disposed inside the cavity, a wavelength selector allowing selection of a wavelength for laser light pulses to be emitted from among a plurality of wavelengths, and a controller controlling emission timing of the excitation lamp, emission energy of the excitation lamp that is determined depending on at which wavelength, of the plurality of wavelengths, the pulses are to be emitted, and emission of the pulses. The controller continuously emits a pulse train formed of a plurality of pulses including pulses of at least two wavelengths. 1. A laser apparatus , comprising:a cavity configured to include an output mirror and a reflective mirror;a laser medium and an excitation lamp disposed inside the cavity;a wavelength selector configured to allow selection of a wavelength for laser light pulses to be emitted from among a plurality of wavelengths; anda controller configured to control emission timing of the excitation lamp, emission energy of the excitation lamp that is determined depending on at which wavelength, of the plurality of wavelengths, the pulses are to be emitted, and emission of the pulses, whereinthe controller continuously emits a pulse train formed of a plurality of pulses including pulses of at least two wavelengths.2. The laser apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe wavelength selector selects one of a first wavelength and a second wavelength for the pulses, andthe controller repeatedly emits a pulse train which is formed of two types of pulses and in which a pulse of the second wavelength is emitted successively after a pulse of the first wavelength.3. The laser apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe wavelength selector selects one of a first wavelength and a second wavelength for the pulses, andthe controller alternately emits a pulse train which is formed of two types of pulses and in which a pulse of the ...

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Номер записи: 82
24-01-2019 дата публикации

Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing

Номер: US20190025094A1
Автор: Lewis Andrew, Russell Stuart
Принадлежит:

This application relates to methods and apparatus for distributed fibre optic sensing, especially distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The sensor apparatus () has an optical generator () for repeatedly generating a first coded sequence of optical radiation to be launched into a sensing optical fibre (). The first coded sequence is encoded according to a polylevel coding sequence () and has desired autocorrelation properties. A detector () detects optical radiation which has been Rayleigh backscattered from within the sensing optical fibre and a processor ( ) processes the output of the detector. The processor processes the detector output in range bins and for each range bin correlating a detection signal derived from the detector output with the polylevel coding sequence at a time delay corresponding to that particular range bin. This provides a measurement signal indicative of environmental disturbances, such as incident acoustic/seismic signals, acting on a portion of the sensing fibre corresponding to that range bin. 1. A distributed fibre optic sensor apparatus comprising:an optical generator configured to repeatedly generate a first coded sequence of optical radiation to be launched, in use, into a sensing optical fibre, the first coded sequence being encoded according to a polylevel coding sequence;a detector configured to detect optical radiation which has been Rayleigh backscattered from within the sensing optical fibre; anda processor configured to process the output of the detector, wherein said processing comprises, for at least one range bin, correlating a detection signal derived from the detector output with the polylevel coding sequence at a time delay corresponding to that range bin.2. A distributed fibre optic sensor apparatus as claimed in wherein the first coded sequence of optical radiation comprises a sequence of chip periods and an optical property of the optical radiation is modulated according to an encoding value of the polylevel coding ...

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Номер записи: 83
24-01-2019 дата публикации

Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors

Номер: US20190025095A1
Автор: Handerek Vincent, Steel Adrian
Принадлежит: FOTECH SOLUTIONS LIMITED

The disclosure relates to a distributed optical fibre sensor having an optical switch arranged to selectively and simultaneously couple each of a plurality of interrogators to each of a plurality of sensing optical fibres. 1. A distributed optical fibre sensor for sensing an environment , as a function of position along each of a plurality of sensing optical fibres , from properties of probe light backscattered within the sensing optical fibres , the sensor comprising:a plurality of interrogators, each interrogator comprising a probe light source arranged to generate pulses of probe light for transmission to a sensing optical fibre and a detector arranged to receive and detect probe light backscattered within the sensing optical fibre; andan optical switch arranged to selectively and simultaneously couple each of a plurality of the interrogators to each of a plurality of the sensing optical fibres such that probe light pulses from each coupled interrogator are directed into the correspondingly coupled sensing optical fibre, and backscattered probe light from the sensing optical fibre is directed back to the correspondingly coupled interrogator.2. The distributed optical fibre sensor of wherein the sensor is arranged to automatically change the coupling of a particular sensing optical fibre from a first of the interrogators to a second of the interrogators claim 1 , using the optical switch.3. The distributed optical fibre sensor of further comprisingan interrogator fault sensing function arranged to output an indication of a fault in any of said interrogators,the sensor being arranged to automatically change the coupling of a sensing optical fibre from an interrogator indicated as faulty by the interrogator fault function to a different interrogator.4. The distributed optical fibre sensor of further comprisinga fibre degradation sensing function arranged to output an indication of a degradation of any of said sensing optical fibres,the sensor being arranged to ...

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Номер записи: 84
29-01-2015 дата публикации

SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DETECTION SENSOR

Номер: US20150029819A1
Автор: Yacoubian Araz
Принадлежит:

A sensor can include a plurality of imaging components configured to perform (1) subsurface imaging by acoustical excitation and optical detection, and (2) interferometric surface topographic measurement.

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Номер записи: 85
24-04-2014 дата публикации

Ultrasound detector and detecting device for optoacoustic or thermoacoustic imaging

Номер: US20140114187A1
Автор: Amir ROZENTAL, Daniel Razansky, Vasilis Ntziachristos
Принадлежит: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH

An ultrasound detector adapted for ultrasound detection with medical applications includes an optical waveguide, and at least one Bragg grating, created with a predetermined refractive index modulation amplitude in the optical waveguide, wherein the at least one Bragg grating includes a localized defect in periodicity so that a localized-light resonance portion is formed around the defect, and the localized-light resonance portion has spectral properties capable of being modulated in response to an ultrasound oscillation, wherein the optical waveguide is a non-amplifying optical medium, and the refractive index modulation amplitude is selected such that the localized-light resonance portion is concentrated at the defect in periodicity and the ultrasound oscillation can be sensed by the at least one Bragg grating with an acoustic sensitivity most of which being obtained over the localized-light resonance portion.

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Номер записи: 86
04-02-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR DETERMINING A QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC AND VIBRATION MEASUREMENT METHOD

Номер: US20160033322A1
Автор: Busch Dieter, Lysen Heinrich
Принадлежит: Pruftechnik AG

A method for measuring vibrations in which gravity forces and acceleration forces resulting from machine vibrations are measured using an accelerometer/inclinometer sensor coupled to a non-rotating part of a rotating machine, the orientation of the sensor with regard to the direction of action of the gravity forces is determined from a stationary component of sensor output, and non-stationary components of sensor output are evaluated based upon the determined sensor orientation. Both the result of the alignment process and also the result of the vibration measurement are communicated to the user as an easily understandable characteristic on a display of an evaluation unit. 1. A method for measuring vibrations , comprising the steps of:measuring gravity forces and acceleration forces resulting from machine vibrations using an accelerometer/inclinometer sensor coupled to a non-rotating part of a rotating machine,determining the orientation of the sensor with regard to the measured gravity forces from a stationary component of sensor output, andevaluating non-stationary components of sensor output based upon the determined sensor orientation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein data determined from the sensor output is used to determine a characteristic for the quality of alignment of the machine.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the characteristic is determined from a ratio of a vibration characteristic measured in an axial direction of a rotating part of the machine relative to said vibration characteristic measured in a radial direction of the rotating part of the machine relative.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the characteristic is determined from a ratio of the vibration characteristic before alignment of the machine relative to said vibration characteristic after alignment of the machine.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the characteristic determined from a ratio of a vibration characteristic measured at a rotary frequency relative to the vibration ...

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Номер записи: 87
01-02-2018 дата публикации

FIBER OPTIC DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSOR OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA FOR USE IN DOWNHOLE AND MARINE APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20180031413A1
Автор: Barfoot David Andrew, Choe Jesse, Stokely Christopher Lee
Принадлежит:

An example omnidirectional sensing system may include a fiber optic cable wrapped around a sphere or spheroid in no preferred direction. The wrapped fiber optic cable may make the system more receptive to acoustic disturbances and increase the fidelity of the sensor in the area of the sphere or spheroid. The system may be used, for instance, for vertical seismic profiling via a wireline technique, placement at the surface of the earth for surface seismic, and in marine applications. 1. A omnidirectional sensing system , comprising:(a) a fiber optic cable wrapped around at least one sphere,(b) a light source coupled to the fiber optic cable; and(c) an optoelectronic interrogator coupled to the fiber optic cable.2. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of spheres around which the fiber optic cable is wrapped.3. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of spheres are disposed downhole within a wellbore of a subterranean formation.4. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of spheres are tethered to a marine vessel.5. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the fiber optic cable forms an acoustic antenna and the at least one sphere enhances the sensitivity of the sensing system.6. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the fiber optic cable forms a sensor to detect changes in temperature and the at least one sphere enhances sensitivity of the sensing system.7. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the fiber optic cable forms a vibration sensor and the at least one sphere enhances the sensitivity of the sensing system.8. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the fiber optic cable forms a seismic sensor and the at least one sphere enhances the sensitivity of the sensing system.9. The omnidirectional sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the optoelectronic interrogator is remote from the at least one sphere. ...

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Номер записи: 88
01-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL SENSING

Номер: US20180031414A1
Автор: Farhadiroushan Mahmoud, Parker Tom Richard, Shatalin Sergey
Принадлежит:

Apparatus and methods for fast quantitative measurement of perturbation of optical fields transmitted, reflected and/or scattered along a length of an optical fibre can be used for point sensors as well as distributed sensors or the combination of both. In particular, this technique can be applied to distributed sensors while extending dramatically the speed and sensitivity to allow the detection of acoustic perturbations anywhere along a length of an optical fibre while achieving fine spatial resolution. Advantages of this technique include a broad range of acoustic sensing and imaging applications. Typical uses are for monitoring oil and gas wells such as for distributed flow metering and/or imaging, seismic imaging, monitoring long cables and pipelines, imaging within large vessel as well as for security applications. 124.-. (canceled)25. A method of monitoring the position of a structure using a distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) system , the method , comprising:providing a structure to be monitored;deploying a plurality of acoustic reference sources in an area in which a structure is located;deploying an optical fiber distributed acoustic sensor system on the structure, the optical fiber distributed acoustic sensor system comprising a sensing optical fiber that extends along the structure;emitting acoustic signals from the plurality of acoustic reference sources;using the optical fiber distributed acoustic sensor system to detect, at a plurality of acoustic sensing points along the sensing optical fiber, the acoustic signals emitted by the plurality of acoustic reference sources;calculating relative positions of a plurality of the acoustic sensing points in dependence on the detected acoustic signals from the acoustic sources; andfrom the calculated positions of the acoustic sensing points along the fiber, determining a position the structure.26. A method according to claim 25 , wherein the using the optical fiber distributed acoustic sensor to detect the ...

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Номер записи: 89
05-02-2015 дата публикации

FIBER OPTIC VIBRATION DETECTION

Номер: US20150033865A1
Автор: Rollinger Andrew R.
Принадлежит: Raytheon Company

An apparatus to detect vibration is provided. The apparatus comprises an optical transmitter and an optical receiver. The optical transmitter is configured to send an optical signal that is modified by a vibration sensor. The optical receiver configured to receive the optical signal from the vibration sensor, the optical signal comprising fluctuations responsive to vibration of the vibration sensor. The optical signal includes a radio frequency (RF) signal. The vibration sensor is comprised by an optical assembly configured to detect underground vibrations. 1. A method of a vibration sensor system , the method comprising:sending, via an optical transmitter, an optical signal that is modified by a vibration sensor; andreceiving, via an optical receiver, the optical signal from the vibration sensor, the optical signal comprising fluctuations responsive to vibration of the vibration sensor;wherein the optical signal includes a radio frequency (RF) signal; andwherein the vibration sensor is comprised by an optical assembly configured to detect underground vibrations.2. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the optical assembly comprises a single mode fiber (SMF).3. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the vibration sensor comprises a cleaved fiber to provide the fluctuations.4. The method of claim 1 ,wherein when the RF signal received via the optical receiver meets a threshold, an alarm is triggered.5. The method of claim 1 ,wherein an amplitude of the vibration is monitored via amplitude changes in the RF signal.6. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the vibration sensor is one of a plurality of vibration sensors along a ribbon fiber of the optical assembly to detect the vibration at different locations.7. The method of claim 1 ,wherein the optical transmitter and the optical receiver are co-located with no active components connected between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver via the optical assembly.8. A system to detect vibration claim 1 , the system comprising:an ...

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Номер записи: 90
05-02-2015 дата публикации

Optical Sensor

Номер: US20150033866A1
Автор: CHANG Chia-Chi, WU Mao-Jen
Принадлежит:

An optical sensor is proposed. The optical sensor comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a membrane, and an optical gate. The first substrate has a concave structure having a first optical micro-reflection surface and a second optical micro-reflection surface formed thereon. The second substrate has a second concave structure having a third optical micro-reflection surface and a fourth optical micro-reflection surface formed thereon. The optical gate is disposed on the membrane within the first concave structure. The membrane is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 1. An optical sensor , comprising:a substrate with a concave structure having a first optical micro-reflection surface and a second optical micro-reflection surface formed thereon; anda membrane configured on said substrate.2. The optical sensor of claim 1 , wherein a material of said substrate is silicon.3. The optical sensor of claim 1 , wherein said membrane is a flexible thin film.4. The optical sensor of claim 1 , further comprising an optical gate disposed on said membrane within said concave structure.5. The optical sensor of claim 4 , further comprising a second substrate claim 4 , wherein said membrane is disposed between said substrate and said second substrate.6. The optical sensor of claim 5 , wherein said second substrate has a second concave structure having a third optical micro-reflection surface and a fourth optical micro-reflection surface formed thereon.7. An optical sensor system claim 5 , comprising:an optical sensor having a first substrate with a first concave structure having a first optical micro-reflection surface and a second optical micro-reflection surface formed thereon, a second substrate with a second concave structure having a third optical micro-reflection surface and a fourth optical micro-reflection surface formed thereon, a membrane configured between said first and said second substrate, and an optical gate disposed on said membrane ...

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Номер записи: 91
31-01-2019 дата публикации

Blade vibration monitor with self adjusting sensor gap mechanism

Номер: US20190032506A1
Автор: Edward David Thompson
Принадлежит: Siemens Energy Inc

A blade vibration monitor including a self-adjusting sensor gap mechanism is provided. The blade vibration monitor includes a probe configured to be disposed in a mounting hole within a turbine casing of a steam turbine. A proximity sensor is disposed within a tip of the probe producing a signal in response to a turbine blade passing the sensor. A positioning means is used to position a depth of the probe with respect to the mounting hole. A processor processes the signal to determine a gap distance between the probe and the turbine blade. Based on the determined gap distance the processor controls the positioning means to adjust the probe depth relative to the mounting hole in order to set the gap distance in real time to a minimal gap distance. A method for setting a gap distance between a turbine blade tip and a proximity sensor is also provided.

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Номер записи: 92
01-02-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RECORDING HAPTIC DATA FOR USE WITH MULTI-MEDIA DATA

Номер: US20180033459A1
Автор: Lacroix Robert, Ullrich Christopher J.
Принадлежит:

A system includes a recorder configured to record audio and/or video of a subject of interest and output a recording of the subject of interest and a non-contact sensor associated with the recorder. The non-contact sensor is constructed and arranged to measure movement and/or vibration of the subject of interest from substantially the same perspective and at the same time as the recorder. The system includes a controller configured to transform the measured movement and/or vibration of the subject of interest measured by the non-contact sensor into a tactile data stream for sending to a haptic display device for playback with the recording of the subject of interest by the recorder and providing haptic effects corresponding to the measured movement and/or vibration to a user of the haptic display device in synchronization with the recording. 1. (canceled)2. A controller , comprising:an audio/video (NV) data encoder configured to encode audio or video data of a subject of interest into an audio or video signal, the audio or video data being generated from a recording of the subject of interest by a recorder;a sensor data encoder configured to encode sensor data to generate encoded sensor data, the sensor data being generated based on a movement or a vibration of the subject of interest during the recording and being obtained by a first sensor tracking the subject of interest;an output transformer configured to generate a tactile effect data signal from the encoded sensor data, the tactile effect data signal including haptic effects corresponding to the movement or the vibration of the subject of interest during the recording; anda transmitter configured to transmit the tactile effect data signal, along with the audio or video signal, to a plurality of devices for playback of the haptic effects in synchronization with the recording.3. The controller of claim 2 , wherein the transmitter is configured to broadcast the tactile effect data signal claim 2 , along with the ...

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Номер записи: 93
31-01-2019 дата публикации

Method For Monitoring The Thermomechanical Behaviour Of A Subsea Pipe For Transporting Pressurised Fluids

Номер: US20190033102A1
Автор: AGOUMI Jalil, LAMOUR Vincent, MARAVAL Damien, Pionetti François-Régìs, SUNDERMANN Axel
Принадлежит:

A method of monitoring thermomechanical behavior of an undersea pipe () transporting fluid under pressure and made by assembling unit pipe elements (), comprising determining a mechanical signature specific to each unit pipe element, using a measurement cable () having an optical fiber sensor using Brillouin backscattering to measure deformation of the pipe element while it is subjected on land to various mechanical stresses in predetermined directions and magnitudes, and establishing a stiffness matrix associated with the mechanical signature of each pipe element, a step of determining a thermal signature specific to each unit pipe element, which step consists in measuring the temperature changes of the unit pipe element while it is being subjected on land to various different electrical heating powers, and in establishing a thermal transfer function associated with the thermal signature of each pipe element, and a monitoring step consisting of recovering. 1. A method of monitoring the thermomechanical behavior of an undersea pipe for transporting fluid under pressure , the undersea pipe being made by assembling together a plurality of unit pipe elements arranged end to end , the method comprising:a step of determining a mechanical signature specific to each unit pipe element, which step consists in using at least one measurement cable having at least one optical fiber sensor using at least Brillouin backscattering and positioned along the entire length of the unit pipe element to measure the deformations experienced by or simulated on said unit pipe element while it is being subjected on land to various different mechanical stresses in predetermined directions and of predetermined magnitudes, and, on the basis of the deformation measurements, in establishing a stiffness matrix associated with the mechanical signature of the unit pipe element;a step of determining a thermal signature specific to each unit pipe element, which step consists in using at least one ...

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Номер записи: 94
31-01-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AUTONOMOUS STROBOSCOPIC MACHINE INSPECTION FOR MULTI-POINT AND MULTI-FREQUENCY VIBRATION MEASUREMENT

Номер: US20190033124A1
Автор: Chakravarty Tapas, MUKHERJEE Sushovan, PAL Arpan, ROY Dibyendu
Принадлежит: TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED

This disclosure relates generally to an optical strobing based multi-frequency vibration measurement, and more particularly to systems and methods for autonomous stroboscopic machine inspection for multi-point and multi-frequency vibration measurement. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for an optical strobing based multi-frequency vibration measurement by selecting a strobe frequency, obtaining one or more image frames, obtaining a marker position, calculating a fast fourier transformation, obtaining one or more peak prominent frequencies, obtaining a product set of the one or more peak prominent frequencies, optimizing the strobing frequency where the value of the product set of the one or more peak prominent frequencies is not equal to an optimum pre-defined system value and detecting and measuring a plurality of vibrations of multiple frequencies by applying a chinese remainder theorem on the product set and the strobe frequency set. 1. A method for an optical strobing based multi-frequency vibration measurement , the method comprising a processor implemented steps of:{'b': '301', '(i) selecting, based on a camera frequency or a frame rate or one or more prime numbers, an initial strobe frequency ();'}{'b': '302', '(ii) capturing, using the optical strobing, a video and performing conversion of the video into one or more image frames to obtain a marker position for each of the one or more image frames ();'}{'b': '303', '(iii) calculating, using the marker position for the one or more image frames, a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) on time series of the marker position for each of the one or more image frames ();'}{'b': '304', '(iv) deriving, using the FFT, a frequency amplitude spectrum for obtaining one or more peak prominent frequencies or remainders to detect one or more optimum signal frequencies ();'}{'b': '305', '(v) obtaining, from the one or more peak prominent frequencies or remainders, one or more frequencies having an optimum signal-to- ...

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Номер записи: 95
31-01-2019 дата публикации

Strain sensing optical cable with acoustic impedance matched layers

Номер: US20190033125A1
Автор: David Alan Seddon, James Arthur Register, III, Jason Clay LAIL, Michael John Gimblet, Riley Saunders Freeland
Принадлежит: Corning Research and Development Corp

A vibration sensing optical fiber cable is provided. The cable includes at least one optical fiber embedded in the cable jacket such that vibrations from the environment are transmitted into the cable jacket to the optical fiber. The cable is configured in a variety of ways, including through spatial arrangement of the sensing fibers, through acoustic impedance matched materials, through internal vibration reflecting structures, and/or through acoustic lens features to enhance sensitivity of the cable for vibration detection/monitoring.

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Номер записи: 96
31-01-2019 дата публикации

LASER DISPLACEMENT METER AND LASER ULTRASONIC INSPECTION APPARATUS USING THE SAME

Номер: US20190033201A1
Автор: ISHIYAMA Kazuo
Принадлежит: Hitachi, Ltd.

A laser displacement meter includes: a laser array beam source unit including a plurality of lasers emitting beams with different wavelengths; a lens array unit including a plurality of lenses for focusing laser beams; a reflected beam lens array unit including a plurality of focusing lenses for focusing the beam reflected on the surface of the object; an optical filter array unit including a plurality of optical filters through which the reflected beam is selectively transmitted; and a photodetector array unit including a plurality of photodetectors for detecting the beam transmitted through the optical filters. 1. A laser displacement meter for detecting a laser beam reflected from an object to measure a displacement occurring in the object , comprising:a laser array beam source unit including a plurality of lasers emitting beams with different wavelengths;a lens array unit including a plurality of lenses for focusing laser beams;a reflected beam lens array unit including a plurality of focusing lenses for focusing the beam reflected on the object;an optical filter array unit including a plurality of optical filters through which the reflected beam is selectively transmitted; anda photodetector array unit including a plurality of photodetectors for detecting the beam transmitted through the optical filters.2. The laser displacement meter according to claim 1 , further comprising:a unit for correcting sensitivity of the photodetector.3. The laser displacement meter according to claim 1 , whereinthe laser array beam source unit is a semiconductor laser.4. The laser displacement meter according to claim 3 , further comprising:an optical transmission medium that guides beam emitted from the semiconductor laser.5. The laser displacement meter according to claim 3 , whereinthe laser array beam source unit is configured such that multi-wavelength laser beams are set to a visible range so as to be used as a guide beam.6. The laser displacement meter according to claim 3 , ...

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Номер записи: 97
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Detecting Downhole Sand Ingress Locations

Номер: US20200032639A1
Автор: Pradyumna Thiruvenkatanathan, Tommy LANGNES
Принадлежит: BP Exploration Operating Co Ltd

A method of detecting sand inflow into a wellbore is disclosed. The method can include obtaining a sample data set, detecting a broadband signal within the sample data set, comparing the broadband signal with a signal reference, determining that the broadband signal meets or exceeds the signal reference, and determining the presence of sand inflow into the wellbore based on determining that the broadband signal meets or exceeds the signal reference. The sample data set can be a sample of an acoustic signal originating within a wellbore comprising a fluid, and the broadband signal at least includes a portion of the sample data set at frequencies above 0.5 kHz.

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Номер записи: 98
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Low Crosstalk, Common Path, Dual Ring Sagnac Interferometer for Disturbance Sensing

Номер: US20200033186A1
Автор: MACDOUGALL Trevor, Yang Yi
Принадлежит: Luxpoint, Inc.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a low crosstalk, optical fiber based disturbance detection system that includes single-mode optical fiber (SMF) arranged into dual ring Sagnac interferometer wherein both rings share a common sensing section of optical fiber path length. Certain embodiments further include fiber Bragg gratings (FBG's), circulators and couplers to be able to separate the optical signals of the two rings of the dual ring Sagnac interferometer and to perform processing of their individual signals. Embodiments are also disclosed that enable the position of a physical disturbance, the magnitude of the physical disturbance and the frequency of the physical disturbance to be known. 1. An apparatus for sensing a physical disturbance , comprising:a light source adapted to produce a source light;a first interferometer coupled to the light source having a first optical path length comprising a sensing arm and a first reflector adapted to produce a first reflected light;a second interferometer coupled to the light source having a second optical path length comprising the sensing arm and a second reflector adapted to produce a second reflected light;at least one detector coupled to the first interferometer and the second interferometer and configured to detect a first phase shift in the first reflected light and to detect a second phase shift in the second reflected light;wherein the sensing arm comprises an optical fiber having a sensing optical path adapted to sense the physical disturbance at a position along the sensing optical path and wherein the physical disturbance produces the first phase shift and the second phase shift;wherein the source light and the first reflected light travel in a first direction and a second direction along the first optical path length and wherein the source light and the second reflected light travel in a third direction and a fourth direction along second optical path length;a processor with logic to determine a ...

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Номер записи: 99
04-02-2021 дата публикации

OPTICAL FIBER SENSING

Номер: US20210033430A1
Автор: Beresna Martynas, Brambilla Gilberto, Donko Andrei, Masoudi Ali
Принадлежит: University of Southampton

A sensor system includes a radiation source, an optical fiber, and a detection device. The radiation source is arranged to emit pulses of radiation. The optical fiber comprises a first end and a core. The first end is arranged to receive pulses of radiation output from the radiation source such that, in use, the pulses of radiation are coupled into the fiber. The core is arranged to support propagation of the pulses of radiation along the fiber. The core includes a plurality of reflectors each comprising a portion of the core having a refractive index which is different to the refractive index of adjacent regions of the core. Reflections of a pulse of radiation from adjacent reflectors output at the first end of the fiber are resolvable from each other in the time domain. The detection device is arranged to measure radiation output from the first end of the fiber and resolve radiation reflected at different locations in the core of the fiber. 116.-. (canceled)17. An optical fiber comprising:a first end for receiving pulses of radiation coupled into the fiber; anda core arranged to support propagation of the pulses of radiation along the fiber, wherein the core includes a plurality of reflectors each comprising a portion of the core having a refractive index which is different than a refractive index of adjacent regions of the core, thereby being arranged to reflect a portion of the pulses of radiation back to the first end of the fiber, and wherein the reflectors are distributed along the length of the core and sufficiently separated from each other that reflections of a pulse of radiation from adjacent reflectors received at the first end of the fiber are resolvable from each other in the time domain.18. The optical fiber of claim 17 , wherein the separation between adjacent reflectors in the core is at least ten times greater than a wavelength of the pulses of radiation coupled into the fiber.19. The optical fiber of claim 17 , wherein the separation between ...

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Номер записи: 100