УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГА КОМПОНЕНТОВ ИЛИ СВОЙСТВ ИЗМЕРЯЕМОЙ СРЕДЫ, В ЧАСТНОСТИ, ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КРОВИ

... 1. Устройство для определения и мониторинга компонентов или свойств измеряемой среды, в частности, значений физиологических показателей крови, содержащее:по меньшей мере один источник света (20; 20а, 20b) для генерации света в широком диапазоне (2, 2а, 2b) длин волн для воздействия на область измерения (3; 3', 3''), предпочтительно, содержащего, по меньшей мере, диапазон длин волн от 500 до 850 нм и/или от 800 до 1200 нм, в частности, светоизлучающий диод;средство для спектрального разложения анализируемого света (4), причем анализируемый свет (4) является отраженным светом по меньшей мере от одного места измерения (3; 3', 3'') или светом, прошедшим через место измерения;двумерную матрицу-датчик (11), в частности, двумерную КМОП матрицу для регистрации разложенного в спектр анализируемого света (13), причем матрица-датчик размещена таким образом, что свет с разными длинами волн попадает на различные точки матрицы-датчика (11);при этом устройство (1), предпочтительно, имеет корпус (16) и ...

System for enhancing spectrometer resolution - shifts spectrum periodically relative to detector array

A spectrum is produced dispersing optics on a detector with a row of detector elements. The spectrum is periodically displaced relative to the detector elements. Signals are generated corresp. to the displacement amounts and signal processing equipment is supplied with detector signals and displacement signals and provides a spectrum of high resolution from the dependency of the detector signals on the displacement signals. Displacement may be effected by periodically moving the detector row in its longitudinal direction, by periodically moving an inlet aperture transverse to or in the direction of the light beam axis in the detector row plane, or by periodically moving the dispersing optics. USE/ADVANTAGE - As polychromator for liquid chromatography. Covers gaps between detector elements without making elements undesirably small.

Improvements in and relating to spectrographs

A spectrograph for an extended spectral field having an inlet slot for defining a source of light to be analyzed and a dispersive system constituted by a concave holographic grating which has recording points with coordinates in relation with the coordinates of the light source to be analyzed to produce for each of respective bands of wavelengths, which in total cover the entire range of wavelengths of the spectral field to be analyzed, tangential focal lines for different wavelengths which are disposed in the same plane. The concave holographic grating is rotatable around an axis passing through the center of the grating and perpendicular to a plane passing through the center of the inlet slot so that the respective partial plane diffraction spectra are successively formed in the same plane when rotating the grating around its axis.

Optical apparatus for analyzing samples

An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed by a unique cam drive structure comprising identically shaped conjugate cams. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having dark segments for drift correction is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. Source optics is employed to optimally shape the light source for particular applications. The system optics further includes a unique arrangement of lenses, including cylindrical lenses, to obtain the best light source shape which results ...

OPTICAL DEVICES HAVING A WAVELENGTH-TUNABLE DISPERSION ASSEMBLY THAT HAS A VOLUME DISPERSIVE DIFFRACTION GRATING

A spectrometer (20) has a source of illumination radiation (21) having a plurality of spectral wavelengths, a bandpass filter (14), a dispersive beamsplitter (28), an illumination radiation rejection filter (34), and a spectrograph (32) each tunable in correspondences to a selected one of the plurality of spectral wavelengths of the source of illumination radiation. Any one of the tunable elements can comprise a holographic volume dispersion distraction grating and a mirror, both having fixed orientation displacement with respect to each other and being rotable for tuning around an avis corresponding to the interaction of the two planes coincident with the surfaces of said mirror and said grating.

VOLUME-PHASE HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFRACTION GRATING OPTIMIZED FOR THE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL REGION

A volume-phase holographic diffraction grating device is provided that can be optimized for use with very short wavelength light, such as light in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region. The device comprises a cover and a substrate, both formed of a glass material. A layer of gelatin material is disposed between the cover and the substrate member, and has holographically-formed varying indexes of refraction formed therein to set up the interference pattern. The gelatin material has a thickness between 0.5 and 1 micron that makes it suitable for diffracting light in the UV spectral region, long-lived, and very efficient.

DISPERSIVE HOLOGRAPHIC SPECTROMETER

This invention relates to a dispersive holographic spectrometer (12) for analyzing radiation from an infrared source (16). The holographic spectrometer (12) comprises a piezoelectric block (40) having a holographic lens (38) on one face, an array of detectors (36) on another face and a pair of vernier electrodes (32, 34) on opposite faces. Radiation from the source (16) incident upon the holographic lens (38) is dispersed into component wavelengths (44, 46) and directed towards the detector array (38). The holographic lens (36) has a holographic interference pattern recorded on it such that radiation of predetermined wavelength components are dispersed sufficiently enough such that radiation of specific wavelengths falls on different detector elements (48) of the detector array (36). By applying a voltage to the electrodes (32, 38), an electric field is created within the piezoelectric block (40) such that it is either compressed or expanded. This change in the piezoelectric block (40) ...

FABRICATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL HOLOGRAPHIC OPTICAL ELEMENTS AND APPLICATION IN PHOTOMETERS

... 2090483 9206361 PCTABS00011 The application of one or more multifunctional holographic optical elements (HOE's) (40, 16) to a photometric apparatus, and a spectrophotometer in particular, is disclosed. Fabrication methods for HOE's especially useful in the foregoing application result in holograms which perform several classical optical (i. e., light gathering and steering) functions. The HOE's so fabricated are useful in a detector mode (16) (i.e., to process light from an illuminated sample for analysis of some portion of its spectrum); in a source mode (40) (i.e., processing light from a source (51) to a focus on a sample); and a combination of source and detector modes.

Scanning spectrophotometer for high throughput fluorescence detection

Simultaneous detection of multiple spectra of scattered radiation

MONOCHROMATOR HAS SIMPLE ROTATION OF the NETWORK USABLE IN the ULTRA-VIOLET

FOCUSING METHOD HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS SPHERICAL WORKING BY REFLECTION, DISPERSIVE SPECTROMETERS OBJECTIVES AND USING SAME

APPAREIL DE DIFFRACTION UTILISANT DEUX MIROIRS CONCAVES ET UN RESEAU PLAN HOLOGRAPHIQUE CORRIGE, ET PROCEDE D'ENREGISTREMENT DU RESEAU

PROCEDE DE REALISATION D'UN RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE PLAN CORRIGE POUR UTILISATION DANS UN APPAREIL OU LA LUMIERE D'ENTREE EST COLLIMATEE PAR UN MIROIR SPHERIQUE 2 VERS UN RESEAU 4 QUI RENVOIE DES FAISCEAUX PARALLELES VERS UN AUTRE MIROIR SPHERIQUE 7 DE FOCALISATION. ON REALISE D'ABORD UN RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE AUXILIAIRE 25 PAR INTERFERENCE SUR UNE SURFACE SPHERIQUE 15 D'UN FAISCEAU PARALLELE FORME PAR LE MIROIR 7 APRES REFLEXION SUR UN MIROIR PLAN 12 ET D'UN FAISCEAU DIVERGENT ISSU DU CENTRE DE LA SURFACE 15. ON ENREGISTRE ENSUITE LE RESEAU CORRIGE PAR INTERFERENCE SUR UNE SURFACE PLANE 22 D'UN FAISCEAU PARALLELE FORME PAR LE MIROIR 2 ET D'UN AUTRE FAISCEAU PARALLELE FORME PAR LE RESEAU AUXILIAIRE 25 ECLAIRE A PARTIR DU CENTRE DE SA SURFACE SPHERIQUE.

PROCEDE DE FOCALISATION DES RESEAUX DE DIFFRACTION SPHERIQUES HOLOGRAPHIQUES TRAVAILLANT PAR REFLEXION, OBJECTIFS DISPERSIFS ET SPECTROMETRES EN FAISANT APPLICATION

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN PROCEDE DE FOCALISATION DES RESEAUX DE DIFFRACTION SPHERIQUES HOLOGRAPHIQUES DE RAYON DE COURBURE R, TRAVAILLANT PAR REFLEXION POUR LA DISPERSION DES DIFFERENTES RADIATIONS CONSTITUANT UNE LUMIERE POLYCHROMATIQUE SELON LEQUEL ON UTILISE UNE FENTE D'ENTREE ET AU MOINS UNE FENTE DE SORTIE (OU UN DETECTEUR MULTICANAL) FIXES, LE RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE ETANT FIXE LEQUEL PROCEDE CONSISTE POUR UNE LONGUEUR D'ONDE L ET UCORRESPONDANT A LA SOMME DES EQUATIONS SAGITTALES OBJET ET IMAGE, RELATIONS DANS LESQUELLES N REPRESENTE LE NOMBRE DE TRAITS PAR MM DU RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE REALISE A LA LONGUEUR D'ONDE LASER L0 A PARTIR DE L'ENREGISTREMENT DE FRANGES D'INTERFERENCES GENEREES PAR DEUX POINTS SOURCES C ET D DEFINIS PAR LEURS COORDONNEES POLAIRES RESPECTIVEMENT PAR RAPPORT AU SOMMET DU RESEAU POUR LE POINT CET POUR LE POINT D ET TELS QUELA REPARTITION D'INTENSITE DE L'IMAGE DIFFRACTEE OBTENUE ETANT SYMETRIQUE.

SPECTROMETER IMAGEUR OF THE TYPE DYSON OF QUALITY IMAGE AMELIOREE AND HAS LOW DISTORTION.

L'invention concerne un spectromètre imageur de type Dyson comprenant un port d'entrée (1) s'étendant selon une direction X, un port de sortie, un réseau de diffraction (4) comprenant un ensemble de traits sur un support concave, un système optique comprenant une lentille (2), ladite lentille comprenant une première face plane (8) et une seconde face convexe (3), la face convexe de la lentille et la face concave du réseau de diffraction étant concentriques, ledit système optique étant apte à recevoir un faisceau lumineux provenant du port d'entrée et à le diriger vers le réseau de diffraction et à recevoir un faisceau diffracté par le réseau de diffraction et à former une image spectrale dudit faisceau diffracté dans un plan (7) du port de sortie, ladite image spectrale étant apte à être résolue spatialement dans une direction d'extension X' de l'image du port d'entrée. Selon l'invention, le réseau de diffraction (4) comprend un ensemble de traits non parallèles et non équidistants et/ou le support du réseau de diffraction est asphérique de manière à former une image du port d'entrée dans le plan de sortie dont la qualité image est améliorée et à très faibles distorsions. The invention relates to a Dyson imaging spectrometer comprising an input port (1) extending in a direction X, an output port, a diffraction grating (4) comprising a set of lines on a concave support, a optical system comprising a lens (2), said lens comprising a first plane face (8) and a second convex face (3), the convex face of the lens and the concave face of the diffraction grating being concentric, said optical system being suitable receiving a light beam from the input port and directing it to the diffraction grating and receiving a beam diffracted by the diffraction grating and forming a spectral image of said diffracted beam in a plane (7) of the output port , said spectral image being adapted to be spatially resolved in an extension direction X &# ...

SPECTROGRAPH COMPACT WIDE SPECTRAL BAND COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF DIFFRACTION GRATINGS

COMPACT SPECTROGRAPH HAS BROAD BAND SPECTRAL INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING A PLURALITY OF DIFFRACTION PATTERNS

La présente invention concerne un spectrographe à réseaux de diffraction comprenant une fente d'entrée (3), apte à transmettre un faisceau lumineux d'entrée comprenant une pluralité de longueurs d'onde, un détecteur matriciel (4) comprenant au moins N lignes de photodétecteurs, avec N supérieur ou égal à deux, et une pluralité de N réseaux de diffraction lesdits réseaux étant des réseaux de diffraction concaves en réflexion. Selon l'invention, les réseaux de diffraction (1a, 1b) sont placés et orientés de manière à ce que chaque réseau (1a, 1b) reçoive une partie du faisceau lumineux transmis par la fente d'entrée (3), diffracte angulairement ladite partie du faisceau d'entrée en fonction de la longueur d'onde sur un domaine spectral ([λa1,... λaM], [λb1,... λbM] ...) et forme un spectre sur le détecteur matriciel ledit spectre s'étendant suivant une ligne distincte de photodétecteurs respectivement pour chaque réseau de diffraction (1a, 1b).

Spectrophotometer

PLANE FIELD STIGMATIC POLYCHROMATOR.

SPECTOGRAPHE HAS PLANE FIELD FOR A WIDE SPECTRAL FIELD USING A CONCAVE HOLOGRAPHIC NETWORK

FIELD MULTIPLEXED DISPERSIVE IMAGING SPECTROMETER

A field multiplexed dispersive imaging spectrometer (20). The novel system includes foreoptics (22) for receiving incoming electromagnetic energy, a disperser (24) disposed to receive energy from the foreoptics (22), and a focal plane array (28) disposed to receive energy from the disperser (24). The disperser (24) is a computer generated holographic disperser designed to disperse light into several, overlapping diffraction orders. In the preferred embodiment, the disperser (24) is designed with greater energy in the central, undiffracted order than in the other diffracted orders. The system (20) also includes a processor (30) which takes the data detected by the focal plane array (28) and generates a representation of the input image in several color bands using an iterative restoration algorithm (32).

HOLOGRAPHIC GAS ANALYZER

The present invention relates to an analyzer (10) for determining the concentration of substances, such as chemicals, present in a fluid medium, such as gas, vapor, or liquid, using holographic optics (22a, 22b) is disclosed. The analyzer (10) of the present invention is based on the infrared absorbance of the gas or vapor to be measured, where the optical functions of an infrared absorbance gas analyzer (10) are performed by holographic functional representations of the required optical components.

High Throughput Holographic Spectrometer Using the Multiplexed Hologram

One embodiment of a system includes a sophisticated volume hologram for dispersing an incident optical signal with uniform spectrum over an input plane to an output pattern with non-uniform spatial-spectral information, where the sophisticated volume hologram includes a plurality of holograms that map different input wavelengths into a diverse spatial pattern. The system further includes a detector for receiving and detecting light dispersed by the sophisticated volume hologram. Other systems and methods are also provided.

Grating ozone spectrophotometer

A holographic grating spectrophotometer for detecting ozone and sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere is described which provides automatic calibration and which provides automatic linearity correction for the photomultiplier tube. Automatic calibration is provided by using a computer to control a stepper motor to move the grating so that the photomultiplier tube receives maximum intensity at the calibration wavelength of 302.1 nm from a mercury source. Automatic linearity correction is obtained by cycling a wavelength selection mask across exit slits located in the focal plane of the device and firstly combines separately taken counts of two different wavelengths and comparing this sum with the sum of counts of these wavelengths taken simultaneously. The difference is used to calculate photomultiplier tube deadtime and improve accuracy of the results. In a preferred embodiment five wavelengths are used to calculate ozone and sulphur dioxide levels, and a stepper motor driving a cylindrical ...

СПЕКТРОМЕТР И СПОСОБ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ

Изобретение относится к области спектрометрии и касается искрового оптико-эмиссионного спектрометра. Спектрометр содержит искровой источник, входную щель, тороидальное зеркало для направления света через входную щель, несколько дифракционных решеток и матричный приемник. Тороидальное зеркало предназначено для направления света через входную щель таким образом, чтобы свет из разных областей в искровом источнике был пространственно разделен на отображении света на дифракционных решетках. При этом первая дифракционная решетка предпочтительно освещается светом из первой области искрового источника и одновременно вторая дифракционная решетка предпочтительно освещается светом из второй области искрового источника. Технический результат заключается в повышении точности измерений. 2 н. и 9 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил.

Скоростной спектроанализатор

An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed by a unique cam drive structure comprising identically shaped conjugate cams. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having dark segments for drift correction is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. Source optics is employed to optimally shape the light source for particular applications. The system optics further includes a unique arrangement of lenses, including cylindrical lenses, to obtain the best light source shape which results in maximum light throughput. Fiber optics are also employed and arranged to meet the optimum requirements of the system for light collection and transmission through portions of the optical system.

MEASUREMENT OF SPECTRA

OPTICAL MANY CHANNEL MONITORING SYSTEM

MULTICHANNEL OPTICAL SYSTEM

NEW OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR A MULTIDETECTOR ARRAY SPECTROGRAPH

PROCESS, PHASE NETWORK AND DEVICE FOR WAVE SURFACE ANALYSIS ON A LIGHT BEAM

L'invention concerne un procédé pour l'analyse de surface d'onde d'un faisceau de lumière à partir d'une source au foyer d'une lentille. Le faisceau illumine un échantillon au plan d'analyse et présentant un défaut. Un réseau de diffraction du plan est conjugué du plan d'analyse par un système afocal. Une image est formée dans un plan à distance du plan du réseau et analysée par des moyens de traitement. L'invention code ce réseau par une fonction de phase résultant de la multiplication de deux fonctions de phase, une première fonction d'exclusion définissant un maillage de zones utiles transmettant le faisceau à analyser sous la forme de pinceaux de lumière, et une deuxième fonction fondamentale de phase qui crée une opposition de phase entre deux pinceaux de lumière issus de mailles adjacentes du réseau d'exclusion.

SHORT-WAVE INFRARED SUPER-CONTINUUM LASERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DENTAL CARIES

A system and method for using near-infrared or short-wave infrared (SWIR) sources such as lamps, thermal sources, LED's, laser diodes, super-luminescent laser diodes, and super-continuum light sources for early detection of dental caries measure transmission and/or reflectance. In the SWIR wavelength range, solid, intact teeth may have a low reflectance or high transmission with very few spectral features while a carious region exhibits more scattering, so the reflectance increases in amplitude. The spectral dependence of the transmitted or reflected light from the tooth may be used to detect and quantify the degree of caries. Instruments for applying SWIR light to one or more teeth may include a C-clamp design, a mouth guard design, or hand-held devices that may augment other dental tools. The measurement device may communicate with a smart phone or tablet, which may transmit a related signal to the cloud, where additional value-added services are performed.

SYSTEM, METHODS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR GENERATION OF AUTHENTICITY INDEX OBJECT

DEVICE OF SPECTROMETRY COMPACT AND MANUFACTORING PROCESS

APPARATUS OF DIFFRACTION USING TWO CONCAVE MIRRORS AND a HOLOGRAPHIC PLANE NETWORK CORRECTS, AND PROCEEDED Of RECORDING OF the NETWORK

PROCEDE DE REALISATION D'UN RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE PLAN CORRIGE POUR UTILISATION DANS UN APPAREIL OU LA LUMIERE D'ENTREE EST COLLIMATEE PAR UN MIROIR SPHERIQUE 2 VERS UN RESEAU 4 QUI RENVOIE DES FAISCEAUX PARALLELES VERS UN AUTRE MIROIR SPHERIQUE 7 DE FOCALISATION. ON REALISE D'ABORD UN RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE AUXILIAIRE 25 PAR INTERFERENCE SUR UNE SURFACE SPHERIQUE 15 D'UN FAISCEAU PARALLELE FORME PAR LE MIROIR 7 APRES REFLEXION SUR UN MIROIR PLAN 12 ET D'UN FAISCEAU DIVERGENT ISSU DU CENTRE DE LA SURFACE 15. ON ENREGISTRE ENSUITE LE RESEAU CORRIGE PAR INTERFERENCE SUR UNE SURFACE PLANE 22 D'UN FAISCEAU PARALLELE FORME PAR LE MIROIR 2 ET D'UN AUTRE FAISCEAU PARALLELE FORME PAR LE RESEAU AUXILIAIRE 25 ECLAIRE A PARTIR DU CENTRE DE SA SURFACE SPHERIQUE.

SPECTROGRAPHE A CHAMP PLAN POUR UN DOMAINE SPECTRAL ETENDU, UTILISANT UN RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE CONCAVE

Spectrographe à champ plan pour un domaine spectral étendu, utilisant un réseau holographique concave. Les différentes portions du spectre se forment successivement sur le même détecteur plan lorsque l'on fait tourner le réseau autour d'un axe passant par le sommet et perpendiculaire au plan diamètre contenant le point moyen de la fente d'entrée. L'invention s'applique à des spectrographies pour analyse de domaines spectraux étendus.

SPECTROGRAPH HAS PLANE FIELD FOR A WIDE SPECTRAL FIELD, USING A CONCAVE HOLOGRAPHIC NETWORK

Concave holographic grating monochromator with slits - has very small angle between incident and diffracted rays

No optical components are positioned between the slits (2, 3) and the grating (1), the optical coupling components being outside the monochromator. The slits (2, 3) are positioned in the diametre and median plane of the grating surface, this plane being parallel to the lines of the grating. The incident (8) and diffracted (9) rays passing through the slits (2, 3) make, between them, as small an angle as possible, less than 15 deg. or less than 3 deg. The slits are inclined and symmetrical w.r.t. the central axis (7) of the grating (1) perpendicular to the grating surface containing the lines.

OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY UTILIZING PLANAR SPECTRAL FILTERS

An optical spectrometer and/or a method of optical spectroscopy is described herein. One exemplary spectrometer includes a planar spectral filter, a dispersion system, and a detector array having at least two dimensions. The planar spectral filter filters incident light to generate a plurality of wavelength dependent spatial patterns. The dispersion system disperses the spatial patterns along at least one dimension in a wavelength dependent fashion onto the detector array. As a result, spatial patterns corresponding to different wavelengths are centered at different locations on the detector array. The dispersed spatial patterns superimpose at the detector array in an offset but overlapping relationship, creating an asymmetric image that facilitates the spectral analysis of a wide range of light sources, including diffuse or spectrally complex light sources.

HOLOGRAPHIC OPTICAL GRATING AND METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING MONOCHROMATOR CONFIGURATION

This invention comprises a novel apparatus for recording a holographic groove pattern on a diffraction grating blank (G). The recording apparatus is configured using newly developed groups of analytical equations. The invention further comprises the novel holographic diffraction grating (G) made with the inventive recording apparatus. The invention additionally comprises monochromators and spectrometers equipped with the inventive holographic diffraction grating (PG). Further, the invention comprises a monochromator configured to reduce aberrations using a newly developed group of analytical equations. Additionally, the invention comprises a method to reduce aberrations in monochromators and spectrometers using newly developed groups of analytical equations.

Monochromator with a telecentric dispersive lens

The invention relates to a monochromator including a telecentric dispersive lens (TD0) in which the collimated diffracted beam (2) at an angle β with respect to the normal to the telecentric dispersive lens (TD0) is focused at the focus of a telescope (T2) fitted with a straight slit (S') the optical axis of the telescope (T2) being merged with the direction of the diffracted beam (2) and the slit (S') being parallel to the direction of the lines of the telecentric dispersive lens (TD0), the collimated incident beam (1), at an angle α giving the collimated diffracted beam (22) at an angle β after diffraction by the telecentric dispersive lens (TD0).

Continuously rotating grating rapid-scan spectrophotometer

A system for rapid-scan spectral analysis comprising a concave holographic diffraction grating continuously rotated at a substantially constant angular velocity to provide a rapid scanning monochromator (a monochromator is used to transfer nominal regions of wavelengths out of the continuous light source). The unique sampling circuitry uses an optical shaft encoder. The angular velocity and angular acceleration of the grating are calculated from time measurements, just before the first wavelength of interest falls on the detector. This information is used to control the Analog to Digital converter sampling rate across the region of interest. The samples as a function of time are stored in a memory buffer so that each data point corresponds to a wavelength.

DIFFRACTION GRATINGS

Holographic grating spectrum analyzer

A spectrum analyzer providing an integrated calibration function and for providing that calibration function automatically. The injection of light to be analyzed through a central aperture of a scanning grating onto a focusing reflector provides in combination four traversals of the space therebetween. The spectrometer thus is used to separate wavelength information spacially and receive it back at the same or adjacent aperture(s) to be analyzed by a processing system to establish the spectra for the incident light. The light is typically injected from and received back into optical fibers or other light carrying elements. Calibration light is also applied through the same or adjacent apertures in the grating from a known source and spectra such as Argon to use as a calibration reference by detecting the known spectra peaks and correlating it to grating scan angle. The same structure is also used as a telecommunications channel router by injecting light of multi-channel and thus broadband ...

Chemical analyzer

The automatic chemical analyzer includes a turntable adapted to hold a plurality of disposable cuvettes. An optical system adjacent to the turntable can perform analytical absorbance or fluorescence tests on the contents of each cuvette as they are rotated on the turntable. A sample/reagent tray is rotatably mounted about an axis parallel to the turntable axis. A common probe arm pivoted about a third parallel axis mounts a pipette that can be moved along an arcuate path intersecting a cuvette access station on the turntable and at least one container access station on the sample/reagent tray for transferring liquids as required by specific test procedures. A sample tube entry port is provided to support individual draw tubes that are manually delivered to the analyzer at a sample access station and to facilitate removal of samples by the pipette without exposing operating personnel to accidental contact with liquid materials in the draw tube.

Optical system for a multidetector array spectrograph

Spektralphotometer mit Verwendung eines konkaven holographischen Beugungsgitters.

METHOD OF FOCUSING SPHERICAL HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS WORKING BY REFLECTIONS; DISPERSIVE OBJECTIVES AND SPECTROMETERS FOR APPLICATION OF THE SAME

Optisches Colorimeter

Monochromator

A monochromator has a concave grating (24) so formed that the exit slit does not have to be moved as the selected wavelength is changed. This is achieved by forming the grating (24) from a rigid substrate carrying a layer (26) of photographically sensitive material in which grating lines have been formed by the action of standing waves (34) produced by interference between a spherical wave (32) convex towards and oblique to the concave surface of the grating (24) and a convergent light beam (28), the standing waves (34) having a radius of curvature substantially equal to that of the grating. ...

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO MONOCHROMATORS

INTERFEROMETRIC GAS COMPONENT MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR SMALL GASMOLEKUELE.

DEVICE TO SEIZING CHARACTERISTICS OF A IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION TRANSPORTED GOODS COURSE

NEW OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR A MULTIDETECTOR ARRAY SPECTROGRAPH

Optical component comprising prisms and a grating

SPECTROPHOTOMETER WITH VERY HIGH RESOLUTION

MONOCHROMATOR HAS OBJECTIVE DISPERSIVE TELECENTRIQUE

Concave reflecting holographic diffraction grating - is used with fixed entrance and exit slits and is rotated

HOLDER FOR A HOLOGRAPHIC GRATING

An adjustable holder (1) for a concave holographic grating (2) for enabling the correct positioning of the grating vis-à-vis a light entrance port (15) and a light exit port (20), characterized in, that it comprises a grating hinge (10) fixed to said grating, said grating hinge (10) enabling rotational adjustment of the grating position with respect to said holder (1) , the centre point of the rotational adjustment being located at the vertex of said grating (2).

SPECTROMETER

A spectrometer includes a first spectroscopic unit and a second spectroscopic unit. A light passing part, a reflection part, a common reflection part, a dispersive part, and a light detection part included in the first spectroscopic unit are arranged along a first reference line when viewed in a Z-axis direction. A light passing part, a reflection part, the common reflection part, a dispersive part, and a light detection part included in the second spectroscopic unit are arranged along a second reference line when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The first reference line and the second reference line intersect with one another.

OPTISCHES ELEMENT MIT PRISMEN UND EINEM BEUGUNGSGITTER

Spektralphotometer mit Verwendung eines konkaven holographischen Beugungsgitters.

Spektrometer mit mehreren Gittern

Spektroskopisches Messgerät zum Messen von Intensitätsverteilungen optischer Strahlung, wobei das Messgerät umfasst:- einen in der Hand gehaltenen oder tragbaren Körper,- innerhalb des Körpers, einen Kollimator (401), der angepasst ist, einen Strahl (402) einfallender Strahlung zu erzeugen, und ein erstes Beugungsgitter (403) an einem Ort, an dem das erste Beugungsgitter angepasst ist, einen ersten Teil der einfallenden Strahlung zu empfangen, wobei das Messgerät innerhalb des Körpers umfasst:- ein zweites Beugungsgitter (404) an einem Ort, an dem das zweite Beugungsgitter angepasst ist, einen zweiten Teil der einfallenden Strahlung zu empfangen, zur gleichen Zeit, zu der das erste Beugungsgitter den ersten Teil der einfallenden Strahlung empfängt, und- eine Detektoranordnung (407) an einem Ort, an dem die Detektoranordnung angepasst ist, durch die ersten und zweiten Beugungsgitter (405, 406) gebeugte Strahlung zu empfangen; wobei mindestens ein Gitterparameter des ersten Beugungsgitters ...

OPTICAL DEVICES WITH A WAVELENGTHTUNABLE DISPERSION MECHANISM, WHICH USES A DISPERSION VOLUME DIFFRACTION GRATING

SPECTROPHOTOMETRE A TRES HAUTE RESOLUTION

UN TUBE A ECLAIR 1 ILLUMINE LA FENTE D'ENTREE D'UN MONOCHROMATEUR 3 DONT LA FENTE DE SORTIE EST APPLIQUEE A UN CONDUCTEUR OPTIQUE 5 FORMANT DERIVATION STATISTIQUEMENT EQUILIBREE VERS UNE CUVE DE MESURE 6M ET UNE CUVE DE REFERENCE 6R. DES PHOTODETECTEURS QUANTIQUES 7M ET 7R MESURENT RESPECTIVEMENT LA LUMIERE TRANSMISE PAR LES DEUX CUVES. LES SIGNAUX ELECTRIQUES OBTENUS SONT AMPLIFIES ET NUMERISES, ET UN MICRO-ORDINATEUR 9 ETABLIT LE RAPPORT ENTRE LE SIGNAL DE MESURE M ET LE SIGNAL DE REFERENCE R, TOUTES CHOSES EGALES PAR AILLEURS.

MONOCHROMATORS HAS PLANE NETWORKS DEPRIVED Of ABERRATIONS

MONOCHROMATOR WITH A CONCAVE GRATING

MONOCHROMATOR HAS OBJECTIVE DISPERSIVE TELECENTRIQUE

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN MONOCHROMATEUR COMPRENANT UN OBJECTIF DISPERSIF TELECENTRIQUE ODT DANS LEQUEL LE FAISCEAU DIFFRACTE PARALLELE 2 SOUS UN ANGLE B PAR RAPPORT A LA NORMALE DE L'OBJECTIF DISPERSIF TELECENTRIQUE ODT EST FOCALISE AU FOYER D'UN TELESCOPE T EQUIPE D'UNE FENTE DROITE S L'AXE OPTIQUE DUDIT TELESCOPE T ETANT CONFONDU AVEC LA DIRECTION DUDIT FAISCEAU DIFFRACTE 2 ET LA FENTE S ETANT PARALLELE A LA DIRECTION DES TRAITS DE L'OBJECTIF DISPERSIF TELECENTRIQUE ODT, LE FAISCEAU INCIDENT PARALLELE 1, SOUS UN ANGLE A DONNANT LEDIT FAISCEAU DIFFRACTE PARALLELE 2 SOUS UN ANGLE B APRES DIFFRACTION PAR LEDIT OBJECTIF DISPERSIF TELECENTRIQUE ODT. THE INVENTION CONCERNS A MONOCHROMATOR INCLUDING AN ODT TELECENTRIC DISPERSIVE LENS IN WHICH THE PARALLEL 2 DIFFRACT BEAM AT AN ANGLE B WITH RESPECT TO THE NORMAL OF THE TELECENTRIC DISPERSIVE LENS ODT IS FOCUSED AT THE FOCUS OF A T TELESCITE FOCUS S THE OPTICAL AXIS OF THE TELESCOPE T BEING MISTAKEN WITH THE DIRECTION OF THE SAID BEAM DIFFRACT 2 AND THE SLOT S BEING PARALLEL TO THE DIRECTION OF THE LINES OF THE TELECENTRIC DISPERSIVE OBJECTIVE ODT, THE INCIDENT BEAM PARALLEL 1, UNDER A ANGIFRACE A GIVING THE LED PARALLEL 2 UNDER AN ANGLE B AFTER DIFFRACTION BY LEDIT LENS DISPERSIF TELECENTRIC ODT.

Concave reflecting holographic diffraction grating - is used with fixed entrance and exit slits and is rotated

A method is used for focussing concave diffraction gratings, operating on the reflection principle, in order to disperse the various radiations from a polychromatic light source. Fixed entrance and exit slits are used and the grating is simply rotated in order to spread out the various radiation in the plane of the exit-slit. The grating is a spherical or aspherical holographic grating. The point sources for recording the grating are positioned so that phase variations created on the grating compensate the phase variations related to the resultant astigmation of the mounting. The midpoint of the entrance and exit slits is positioned in a plane containing the normal to the grating and perpendicular to the direction of its lines.

Multi color creation

This invention relates to a colour separator and the use of this in a projector, especially for video projectors, comprising a surface adapted to be moved through a light beam to be separated, the surface comprising a diffractive/holographic (DOE) optical element capable of directing different wavelengths comprised in the light beam toward different parts of a predetermined area. The diffractive optical element being essentially continues along one direction on the surface moved through the light beam and that direction of the separated colours depending on the position along the surface so as to provide a scanning of colours over each part of the predetermined area depending on the illuminated part of the diffractive surface ...

Continuously rotating grating rapid-scan spectrophotometer

An improved rapid-scan spectrophotometer with an optical grating continuously rotating at a constant angular velocity. An optical trigger actuated by the rotating turntable supporting the grating, actuates an analog to digital converter to sample at discrete times an output signal from the sample detector over the desired wavelength range and to store the digitized information in a direct memory access (DMA) buffer. The information may be retrieved as desired from the buffer for further processing or permanent data storage. With each revolution of the optical grating, the range (typically 15 DEG ) of wavelengths from the grating that provides useful information is sampled by the analog to digital converter and stored in the buffer. Because the grating is continuously rotating at a constant angular velocity and is not limited by the inertia of optical components, the spectrophotometer can be operated at a much higher scanning speed than an oscillating or vibrating grating spectrophotometer ...

Apparatus and method using a holographic optical element for converting a spectral distribution to image points

A holographic optical element transforms a spectral distribution of light to image points. The element comprises areas, each of which acts as a separate lens to image the light incident in its area to an image point. Each area contains the recorded hologram of a point source object. The image points can be made to lie in a line in the same focal plane so as to align with a linear array detector. A version of the element has been developed that has concentric equal areas to match the circular fringe pattern of a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The element has high transmission efficiency, and when coupled with high quantum efficiency solid state detectors, provides an efficient photon-collecting detection system. The element may be used as part of the detection system in a direct detection Doppler lidar system or multiple field of view lidar system.

System for distributing and controlling color reproduction at multiple sites

In the color imaging system, multiple rendering devices are provided at different nodes along a network. Each rendering device has a color measurement instrument for calibrating the color presented by the rendering device. A rendering device may represent a color display in which a member surrounds the outer periphery of the screen of the display and a color measuring instrument is coupled to the first member. The color measuring instrument includes a sensor spaced from the screen at an angle with respect to the screen for receiving light from an area of the screen. A rendering device may be a printer in which the measuring of color samples on a sheet rendered by the printer is provided by a sensor coupled to a transport mechanism which moves the sensor and sheet relative to each other, where the sensor provides light from the sample to a spectrograph. The color measuring instruments provide for non-contact measurements of color samples either displayed on a color display, or printed on ...

SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTING AND CONTROLLING COLOR REPRODUCTION AT MULTIPLE SITES

In the color imaging system, multiple rendering devices are provided at different nodes along a network. Each rendering device has a color measurement instrument for calibrating the color presented by the rendering device. A rendering device may represent a color display in which a member surrounds the outer periphery of the screen of the display and a color measuring instrument is coupled to the first member. The color measuring instrument includes a sensor spaced from the screen at an angle with respect to the screen for receiving light from an area of the screen. A rendering device may be a printer in which the measuring of color samples on a sheet rendered by the printer is provided by a sensor coupled to a transport mechanism which moves the sensor and sheet relative to each other, where the sensor provides light from the sample to a spectrograph. The color measuring instruments provide for non-contact measurements of color samples either displayed on a color display, or printed on a sheet, and are self-calibrating by the use of calibration references in the instrument.

Wearable device coupled to time-of-flight imaging system

An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight.

HOLDER FOR A HOLOGRAPHIC GRATING

OPTICAL DEVICES HAVING A WAVELENGTH-TUNABLE DISPERSION ASSEMBLY THAT HAS A VOLUME DISPERSIVE DIFFRACTION GRATING

OPTISCHES VIELKANAL-ÜBERWACHUNGSSYSTEM

Spectrometer and method of spectroscopy

OPTICAL APPARATUS FOR ANALYSING SAMPLES

GRATING OZONE SPECTROPHOTOMETER

SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR GENERATING A MEASURE OF AUTHENTICITY OF AN OBJECT

An imaging system (200) for generating a measure of authenticity of an object (10) comprises a dispersive imaging arrangement (30) and an image sensor arrangement (60). They are positioned so that, when electromagnetic radiation (20) from the object (10) illuminates the dispersive imaging arrangement (30), the electromagnetic radiation is dispersed and imaged by the image sensor arrangement (60). The imaging system (200) is configured to then generate a measure of authenticity of the object (10) depending at least on a relation between the imaged dispersed electromagnetic radiation and reference spectral information. The invention also relates to imaging methods, computer programs, computer program products, and storage mediums.

COLOR SENSOR

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING AND MONITORING CONTENTS OR PROPERTIES OF A MEASUREMENT MEDIUM, IN PARTICULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL BLOOD VALUES

The invention relates to a device for detecting and monitoring ingredients or properties of a measurement medium, for example physiological blood values, wherein said device contains a light source (20) for generating broad-spectrum measurement light (2) and for acting on a measurement area (3), and means (9) for fanning out the analysis light (4) reflected by the measurement area (3). The device also has a sensor array (11) for picking up the fanned light. The sensor array (11), the light source (20) and the means for dispersing the analysis light (4) are arranged as a compact unit in a housing.

Monochromator with concave grating

fOCUSING PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE eXECUTION

DEVICE AND PROCESS OF CALIBRATION Of a SOURCE OF LIGHT.

L'invention concerne un dispositif de calibration d'une source lumineuse en fonction d'un étalon. Ledit dispositif comporte des moyens pour capturer 11 la lumière émise et la diriger vers un séparateur 12 de longueurs d'ondes. Ledit dispositif de calibration selon l'invention est remarquable en ce que ledit séparateur 12 de longueurs d'ondes comprend un bloc optique dans le volume duquel est formé un réseau holographique de diffraction. Ledit dispositif de calibration comprend en outre des moyens pour acquérir 13 les longueurs d'ondes séparées. Ces moyens sont de type capteur CCD et permettent de convertir la lumière en un signal électrique. Ledit dispositif de calibration comprend en outre des moyens pour comparer 14 les longueurs d'ondes émises par l'écran aux longueurs d'ondes de l'étalon et des moyens pour ajuster 15 les longueurs d'ondes émises par l'écran.

APPARATUS OF DIFFRACTION USING TWO CONCAVE MIRRORS AND a HOLOGRAPHIC PLANE NETWORK CORRECTS, AND PROCEEDED Of RECORDING OF the NETWORK

SPECTOGRAPHE HAS PLANE FIELD FOR A WIDE SPECTRAL FIELD USING A CONCAVE HOLOGRAPHIC NETWORK

MONOCHROMATOR WITH A CONCAVE GRATING

SPECTROGRAPH WITH MULTIPLEXING OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTH REGIONS ONTO A SINGLE DETECTOR ARRAY

An optical spectrograph utilizes a plurality of holographic transmission optical gratings (34, 36) operative to receive an incoming source of light (26) to be analyzed and diffract the light such that different spectral components impinge upon spatially separated regions of an opto-electric detector (10). Various grating configurations are disclosed, including a physical stack of gratings conductive to extreme compactness, as well as a spaced-apart configuration used to preclude spectral cross-talk in certain configurations. Diverging light emerging from a fiber-optic bundle (22) collimated by a first lens assembly (28) prior to passing through the gratings (34, 36) and a second lens assembly (50) is used to focus the diffracted light onto the detectors (10), preferably in the form of a two-dimensional CCD array.

High optical density measuring spectrometer

An apparatus is disclosed for measuring the spectra of a high optical density sample having substantially known optical properties. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises: a laser for producing a light beam; a Raman cell responsive to the light beam for generating a first light containing a plurality of preselected wavelength components; an optical system for directing the first light through the sample; a dispersion device for spatially separating the first light passed through the sample into its plurality of preselected wavelength components; a plurality of light detectors positioned to respectively receive the spatially-separated preselected wavelength components and to convert the photons in each of the spatially-separated preselected components into a plurality of associated photocurrents having amplitudes respectively representative of the numbers of photons in the spatially-separated preselected wavelength components; and a photon counter for respectively converting ...

Spectrometer

A spectrometer measures a spectrum of a light beam supplied from a light source so as to obtain fine information and coarse information of the spectrum easily. This spectrometer has a holographic grating, an Echelle grating, a rotation stage and a line sensor. In the case where a single pass beam is to be detected, a control processing unit controls the rotation stage so as to rotate the Echelle grating from the Littrow arrangement by a predetermined angle delta1. On the other hand, in the case where a double pass beam is to be detected, the control processing unit controls the rotation stage so as to rotate the Echelle grating from the Littrow arrangement by a predetermined angle delta2.

MONOCHROMATOR HAVING A CONCAVE HOLOGRAPHIC GRATING

... g.

Continuously rotating grating rapid-scan spectrophotometer

DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE PROPERTIES OF A WEB OF MATERIAL TRANSPORTED IN THE LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION

The present invention relates to a device for detecting the properties of a web of material transported in the longitudinal direction such as a paper web (20). The device includes a plurality of optical fibres (28) having their input areas (30) each located in the vicinity of the surface of the material web and aligned on said surface, the fibres being secured on a crossbar (26) extending across the material web. The device also includes an infrared spectrometer having the output areas (34) of the optical fibres (28) connected to its input (36) while infrared sensors are connected to the output (44) of said infrared spectrometer. The infrared spectrometer includes a holographic grating (40) for arranging the optical fibers (28) side by side and in one line at the spectrometer input (36) so that the infrared spectra of the signals emitted by the individual optical fibres (28) appear side by side in one line at the spectrometer output (44), and so that the infrared sensors at said output ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГА КОМПОНЕНТОВ ИЛИ СВОЙСТВ ИЗМЕРЯЕМОЙ СРЕДЫ, В ЧАСТНОСТИ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КРОВИ

FIELD: instrumentation. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to medicine. A device and a method for determination and monitoring of components or properties of the measured medium, for example values of physiological blood indices, use a light source for generation of measuring light in a wide range of wave lengths and for illumination of a measurement zone, as well as a device for spectrum decomposition of the analysed light returning from the measurement zone. The device also includes a sensor matrix for recording of the light decomposed into a spectrum. The sensor matrix, the light source and the device for spectrum decomposition of the analysed light form a compact design enclosed in a housing. EFFECT: group of inventions allows performing analyses in vivo and with time resolution, besides, at difficult-to-access measurement points. 25 cl, 11 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 562 886 C2 (51) МПК A61B 5/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013102581/14, 21.06.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 21.06.2011 (72) Автор(ы): КУЛЬККЕ Аксель (AT) (73) Патентообладатель(и): СЕНСПЕК ГМБХ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U 22.06.2010 EP 10166854.9; 21.04.2011 EP 11163361.6 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.07.2014 Бюл. № 21 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5361758 A, 08.11.1994. RU 2161791 С2, 10.01.2001. US 2007216898 A1, 20.09.2007. US 6315955 B1, 13.11.2001. US 2005154277 A1, 14.07.2005 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 22.01.2013 2 5 6 2 8 8 6 (45) Опубликовано: 10.09.2015 Бюл. № 25 EP 2011/060337 (21.06.2011) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: R U 2 5 6 2 8 8 6 WO 2011/161102 (29.12.2011) Адрес для переписки: 103735, Москва, ул.Ильинка, 5/2, ООО "Союзпатент", пат.пов. Ю.Б.Перегудовой, рег. N 1103 (54) УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГА КОМПОНЕНТОВ ИЛИ ...

MONOCHROMATORS

... 1327435 Optical systems SPERRY RAND CORP 10 Nov 1970 [10 Nov 1969] 53390/70 Heading G2J A monochromator comprises an entrance aperture 13, an exit aperture 19, a blazed diffraction grating 15, a light-reflective surface 16 positioned to receive light diffracted by the grating, the reflector 16 and grating 15 being rotatable about a common axis and being rigidly inter-connected. The grating may be formed holographically by interfering two laser beams on a photographic emulsion, and preferably has its blaze direction substantially in the plane of the grating.

Device and Method for Detecting and Monitoring Ingredients or Properties of a Measurement Medium, In Particular of Physiological Blood Values

The invention relates to a device for detecting and monitoring ingredients or properties of a measurement medium, for example physiological blood values, wherein said device contains a light source ( 20 ) for generating broad-spectrum measurement light ( 2 ) and for acting on a measurement area ( 3 ), and means ( 9 ) for fanning out the analysis light ( 4 ) reflected by the measurement area ( 3 ). The device also has a sensor array ( 11 ) for picking up the fanned light. The sensor array ( 11 ), the light source ( 20 ) and the means for dispersing the analysis light ( 4 ) are arranged as a compact unit in a housing.

SPECTROMETERS HAVING A VARIABLE FOCUS LENS WITH A SINGLE AIR GAP

The technology provides a spectroscopy system having two or more spectrometers with substantially uniform focal lengths. The spectrometers include a detector that converts optical signals into electrical signals to render spectral data. The spectroscopy system includes a computing device that is electrically coupled to one or more detectors to receive the spectral data and compare the spectral data against other spectral data. The other spectral data originates from spectrometers that have substantially similar focal lengths, slit widths, excitation laser wavelengths, or any combination of these. The technology includes an application server that is communicatively coupled to a second spectroscopy system. The application server includes software that enables data sharing among the two or more spectroscopy systems, including sharing the spectral data and the other spectral data. The application server compares sampled spectral data against stored spectral data to identify a match. 1. A spectroscopy system , comprising: a collimating lens that receives light rays therethrough;', 'a grating that is optically coupled to the collimating lens; and', a first body that includes a first lens set;', 'a second body that includes a second lens set; and', 'an air gap defined between the first lens set and the second lens set, the first and second bodies being moveable relative to each other to adjust a size of the air gap in order to modify a size of a spectral image in a first dimension according to a first amount and in a second dimension according to a second amount, the first amount being different than the second amount;, 'a focus lens that is optically coupled to the grating, the focus lens having], 'a spectrometer that is optically coupled to an excitation source and a probe through a probe assembly, the spectrometer comprisinga detector optically coupled to the focus lens, wherein the detector converts optical signals into electrical signals to render spectral data, ...

WEARABLE DEVICE COUPLED TO TIME-OF-FLIGHT IMAGING SYSTEM

An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight. 1. An optical system , comprising:a wearable device for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the wearable device adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user, including a light source comprising a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that are light emitting diodes, the light emitting diodes configured to generate an output optical light having one or more optical wavelengths;the wearable device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive at least a portion of the output optical light and to deliver a lens output light to tissue;the wearable device further comprising a detection system configured to receive at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and to generate an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio, wherein the detection system is configured to be synchronized to the light source;wherein the detection system comprises a plurality of detectors that are spatially separated from each other, and wherein at least one analog to digital converter is coupled to at least one of the spatially separated ...

Near-infrared time-of-flight imaging using laser diodes with bragg reflectors

A remote sensing system includes an array of laser diodes configured to generate light. One or more scanners are configured to receive a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes and to direct the portion of the light from the array of laser diodes to an object. A detection system is configured to receive at least a portion of light reflected from the object and is configured to be synchronized to the at least a portion of the array of laser diodes comprising Bragg reflectors. The remote sensing system is configured to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping using at least a portion of a time-of-flight measurement. The remote sensing system is adapted to be mounted on a vehicle and communicate with a cloud. The at least a portion of the two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping is combined with global positioning system information.

NANOSTRUCTURE BASED ARTICLE, OPTICAL SENSOR AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME

An apparatus includes a substrate transmissive of electromagnetic energy of at least a plurality of wavelengths, having a first end, a second end, a first major face, a second major face, at least one edge, a length, a width, and a thickness, at least a first nanostructure that selectively extracts electromagnetic energy of a first set of wavelengths from the substrate; and an input optic oriented and positioned to provide electromagnetic energy into the substrate via at least one of the first or the second major face of the substrate. Nanostructures can take the form of photonic crystal arrays, a plasmonic structure arrays, or holographic diffraction gratings. The apparatus may be part of a spectrometer. 1. An apparatus , the apparatus comprising:an substrate that is transmissive of electromagnetic energy of at least a plurality of wavelengths, the substrate having a first end, a second end, a first major face, a second major face, at least one edge, a length, a width, and a thickness, the second end opposed to the first end across the length of the substrate, the second major face opposed across the thickness of the substrate from the first major face, the at least one edge which extends between at least a portion of the first major face and a portion of the second major face, the width of the substrate greater than the thickness of the substrate;at least a first nanostructure that selectively extracts electromagnetic energy of a first set of wavelengths from the substrate; andan input optic oriented and positioned to provide electromagnetic energy into the substrate via at least one of the first or the second major face of the substrate.2. (canceled)3. The apparatus of wherein the first nanostructure selectively extracts electromagnetic energy of the first set of wavelengths from the substrate via the first major face of the substrate.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The apparatus of wherein the first nanostructure comprises one of a first photonic crystal lattice or ...

SPECTROMETERS HAVING A VARIABLE FOCUS LENS WITH A SINGLE AIR GAP

The technology provides two or more spectrometers with substantially uniform focal lengths. A method includes adjusting a size of a first air gap associated with a first lens in order to modify a first focal length and securing a relative position of a first body and a second body of the first lens to set the first focal length at a first value for a first spectrometer. The method further includes adjusting a size of a second air gap associated with a second lens provided in a second spectrometer in order to modify a second focal length and securing a relative position of a first body and a second body of the second lens to set the second focal length at a second value for a second spectrometer. The first and second values are selected to render the first focal length substantially equal to the second focal length. 1. A method of providing two spectrometers with substantially uniform focal lengths , each spectrometer having a corresponding lens with a first body that includes a first lens set , a second body that includes a second lens set , and an air gap defined between the first lens set and the second lens set , the first and second bodies being moveable relative to each other to adjust a size of the air gap in order to modify a focal length of the corresponding lens , the method comprising:adjusting a size of a first air gap associated with a first lens in order to modify a first focal length;securing a relative position of the first body and the second body of the first lens to set the first focal length at a first value for the first spectrometer;adjusting a size of a second air gap associated with a second lens provided in a second spectrometer in order to modify a second focal length; andsecuring a relative position of the first body and the second body of the second lens to set the second focal length at a second value for the second spectrometer.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first value and the second value are selected to render the ...

SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF MULTIPLE SPECTRA OF SCATTERED RADIATION

In an example, an apparatus is described that includes a light source, a holographic optical element, a sampling apparatus, and a detector. The light source is configured to emit a beam of excitation light. The holographic optical element is arranged to convert the beam of excitation light into a plurality of beams of excitation light. The sampling apparatus is arranged to project the plurality of beams of excitation light onto a surface outside the apparatus as a two-dimensional pattern of projection points. The sampling apparatus is further arranged to collect scattered radiation emitted by the surface in response to the two-dimensional pattern of projection points. The detector detects a frequency shift in the scattered radiation. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a light source for emitting a beam of excitation light;a holographic optical element for converting the beam of excitation light into a plurality of beams of excitation light;a surface comprising a plurality of different patterned surface structures, wherein each one of the plurality of different patterned surface structures scatters a different radiation pattern in response to an incidence of a respective beam of excitation light of the plurality of beams of excitation light;a microscope for projecting the plurality of beams of excitation light onto the surface as a two-dimensional pattern of projection points and for collecting scattered radiation emitted by each one of the plurality of different patterned surface structures of the surface in response to the two-dimensional pattern of projection points; anda detector for detecting a frequency shift in the scattered radiation.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional pattern of projection points comprises a rectangular array of projection points.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a diffraction grating positioned between the microscope and the detector, for dispersing the scattered radiation prior to the scattered radiation ...

RAMAN SIGNAL POSITION CORRECTION USING RELATIVE INTEGRATION PARAMETERS

An improved method for integrating curve peaks as compared to techniques such as the trapezoidal rule wherein integration parameters are at fixed x-axis positions. Integration parameters are instead specified relative to a peak center, which allows the peak to shift over time due to hardware changes, temperature fluctuation, pressure changes, etc., while maintaining integration parameters at optimal locations for that peak. As such, the present disclosure finds particular utility in spectroscopy wherein, in the case of Raman spectroscopy, for example, specific wavenumber shift locations may drift over time, leading to inaccurate results based upon absolute integration parameters. 1. A method of improving the accuracy of a Raman spectrometer , comprising: an optical grating operative to separate a Raman signal received from a sample into a Raman spectrum including at least one peak representative of a molecular constituent present in the sample;', 'an optical detector having a plurality of detector elements configured to receive the Raman spectrum; and', 'a processor operative to receive an electrical signal representative of the Raman spectrum from the optical detector in the form of a curve, the curve including the at least one peak having x- and y-coordinates, wherein the processor is configured to integrate the at least one peak; and, 'providing a Raman spectrometer including receiving data representative of a standard Raman spectrum for the molecular constituent including a nominal peak maximum y-value and an x-coordinate associated with the nominal peak maximum y-value;', 'specifying a window relative to an x-axis that includes the x-coordinate of the nominal peak maximum y-value;', 'defining a baseline start point on the x-axis as an x-coordinate of a peak less a first predetermined offset;', 'defining a baseline stop point on the x-axis as the x-coordinate of the peak plus the first predetermined offset;', 'defining an integration start point on the x-axis as ...

SHORT-WAVE INFRARED SUPER-CONTINUUM LASERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DENTAL CARIES

A wearable device includes a measurement device having light emitting diodes (LEDs) measuring a physiological parameter. The measurement device modulates the LEDs to generate an optical beam having a near-infrared wavelength between 700-2500 nanometers. Lenses receive and deliver the optical beam to tissue, which reflects the optical beam to a receiver having spatially separated detectors coupled to analog-to-digital converters configured to generate receiver outputs. The receiver captures light while the LEDs are off, and reflected light from the tissue while the LEDs are on, to generate first and second signals, respectively. Signal-to-noise ratio is improved by differencing the first and second signals and by differencing the receiver outputs. The measurement device further improves signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected optical beam by increasing light intensity of the LEDs relative to an initial light intensity. The measurement device generates an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the tissue. 1. A wearable device , comprising:a measurement device including a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the measurement device configured to generate, by modulating at least one of the LEDs having an initial light intensity, an optical beam having a plurality of optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the optical beam includes a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;the measurement device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver at least a portion of the optical beam to tissue, wherein the tissue reflects at least a portion of the optical beam delivered to the tissue; capture light while the LEDs are off and convert the captured light into a first signal and', 'capture light while at least one of the LEDs is on and to convert the captured light into a second signal, the captured ...

NEAR-INFRARED LASERS FOR NON-INVASIVE MONITORING OF GLUCOSE, KETONES, HBA1C, AND OTHER BLOOD CONSTITUENTS

An imaging device includes laser diodes (LDs) generating near-infrared wavelength light, lenses configured to deliver the light to tissue, a first receiver having one or more detectors, and a first part with at least one of the LDs capable of being pulsed. The first receiver receives light reflected from the tissue and is synchronized to the pulsed light and configured to perform a time-of-flight measurement. An infrared camera receives light reflected by the tissue from a second part of the imaging device. The camera captures light while the second part is off, and while the second part is on to generate corresponding signals, and differences the signals to generate an image. An array of LDs generates a grid of spots on the tissue, which is reflected to the camera. A coupled phone, tablet, or computer receives and processes the time-of-flight measurement, the image, and the reflected grid of spots. 1. An imaging device , comprising:a plurality of laser diodes (LDs) configured to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver a portion of the light to tissue, wherein the tissue is capable of reflecting at least a portion of the light delivered to the tissue;an array of LDs configured to generate light formed as a grid of spots, the light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver a portion of the light from the array of LDs to tissue, wherein the tissue is capable of reflecting at least a portion of the light delivered to the tissue;a first receiver comprising one or more detectors;a first part of the imaging device comprising at least one of the plurality of LDs, the at least ...

High-resolution Spectrometers Based on Substrate-guided Wave Holograms

A SGWH-based spectrometer is disclosed that has the following advantages compared to prior art: compactness, high-resolution, high light throughput, high OOB rejection ratio, adjustability to the different wavebands, robustness and environmental stability.

System and method for selective resolution for concave grating spectrometer

An optical system includes a spectrograph having a concave diffraction grating and a detector. An aperture is selectively positioned by an associated actuator or positioning mechanism either into, or out of, an optical path of the input light beam downstream of a sample and prior to entering the spectrograph. A slit plate having a plurality of different size entrance slits is positioned downstream of the aperture and movable by an associated actuator or positioning mechanism to position one of the plurality of entrance slits in the optical path of the input light beam. A controller coupled to the detector and the actuators is configured to control the actuators to selectively position the aperture and the slit plate to provide a selectable resolution of the spectrograph. The aperture setting and slit plate setting may be determined from a lookup table in response to a request for finer or coarser spectral resolution.

SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR GENERATING A MEASURE OF AUTHENTICITY OF AN OBJECT

An imaging system () for generating a measure of authenticity of an object () comprises a dispersive imaging arrangement () and an image sensor arrangement (). They are positioned so that, when electromagnetic radiation () from the object () illuminates the dispersive imaging arrangement (), the electromagnetic radiation is dispersed and imaged by the image sensor arrangement (). The imaging system () is configured to then generate a measure of authenticity of the object () depending at least on a relation between the imaged dispersed electromagnetic radiation and reference spectral information. The invention also relates to imaging methods, computer programs, computer program products, and storage mediums. 1. An imaging system for generating a measure of authenticity of an object , the imaging system comprising:an image sensor arrangement having one or more image sensors; and so that, when electromagnetic radiation from the object illuminates the dispersive imaging arrangement, at least part of the electromagnetic radiation is dispersed; and', 'positioned relative to the image sensor arrangement in such a manner as to allow the image sensor arrangement to image said dispersed electromagnetic radiation so as to obtain a dispersed image;, 'a dispersive imaging arrangement having one or more optical elements, wherein the dispersive imaging arrangement is'}the imaging system being configured for, after the image sensor arrangement has, in at least one imaging period, imaged the dispersed electromagnetic radiation, generating a measure of authenticity of the object depending at least on a relation between the imaged dispersed electromagnetic radiation and reference spectral information, wherein a synthetic non-dispersed image computed using the imaged dispersed electromagnetic radiation and the reference spectral information is used in the generating of the measure of authenticity of the object.2. The imaging system of claim 1 , wherein generating the measure of ...

HOLOGRAPHIC MODE FILTER FOR SUPER-RESOLUTION IMAGING

A method includes receiving collimated light from an optical imaging system and dividing the received light into multiple bands of wavelength. Each band is refocused onto a corresponding diffraction grating having an amplitude function matched to a point spread function (PSF) of the optical imaging system. The light that is not filtered out by the diffraction grating is transmitted onto a corresponding pixel array. An image is reconstructed from data provided by the pixel arrays for each band. The intensity of light scattered by each diffraction grating may be detected, with the image being reconstructed as a function of an average value of detected intensity of scattered light used to scale the known zero-order mode profile, which is added to the image on the pixel array. 1. A method comprising:receiving collimated light from an optical imaging system;dividing the received light into multiple bands of wavelength;refocusing each band onto a corresponding diffraction grating having an amplitude function matched to a point spread function (PSF) of the optical imaging system;transmitting light that is not filtered out by the diffraction grating onto a corresponding pixel array; andreconstructing the image from the pixel arrays for each hand.2. The method of and further comprising:detecting an intensity of light scattered by each diffraction grating; andwherein the image is reconstructed as a function of an average value of detected intensity of scattered light.3. The method of wherein the image is reconstructed as a function of the average value of scattered light claim 2 , the pattern on the pixel arrays claim 2 , and a pattern corresponding to a source of the light received from the optical imaging system.4. The method of wherein the average value of light is empirically determined.5. The method of wherein the multiple bands comprise at least three bands.6. The method of wherein the received light is divided by a dichroic beamsplitter for each hand.7. The method of ...

APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR DETECTING MATERIALS BASED ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for Raman spectroscopy are described. In certain implementations, a spectrometer is provided. The spectrometer may include a plurality of optical elements, comprising an entrance aperture, a collimating element, a volume phase holographic grating, a focusing element, and a detector array. The plurality of optical elements are configured to transfer the light beam from the entrance aperture to the detector array with a high transfer efficiency over a preselected spectral band. 1. A spectrometer comprising: the entrance aperture is configured to receive a light beam;', 'the collimating element is configured to direct the light beam to the volume phase holographic grating;', 'the volume phase holographic grating is configured to disperse the light beam over a preselected spectral band of at least 50 nm;', 'the focusing element is configured to focus the dispersed light beam to the detector array; and', 'the plurality of optical elements are configured to transfer the light beam from the entrance aperture to the detector array with an average transfer efficiency from 60% to 98% for first order diffraction over the preselected spectral band of at least 50 nm., 'a plurality of optical elements, comprising an entrance aperture, a collimating element, a volume phase holographic grating, a focusing element, and a detector array; wherein'}2. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of optical elements are further configured to detect the dispersed light beam at the detector array with a spectral resolution from 0.1 cmto 2.5 cmover the preselected spectral band of at least 50 nm.3. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of optical elements are configured to provide a performance ratio from 3%·cmto 12.3%·cmin the preselected spectral band claim 1 , the performance ratio being a ratio between a transfer efficiency and a path length of the light beam traveled from the focusing element to the detector array.4. The ...

NANOSTRUCTURE BASED ARTICLE, OPTICAL SENSOR AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME

An apparatus includes a substrate transmissive of electromagnetic energy of at least a plurality of wavelengths, having a first end, a second end, a first major face, a second major face, at least one edge, a length, a width, and a thickness, at least a first nanostructure that selectively extracts electromagnetic energy of a first set of wavelengths from the substrate; and an input optic oriented and positioned to provide electromagnetic energy into the substrate via at least one of the first or the second major face of the substrate. Nanostructures can take the form of photonic crystal arrays, a plasmonic structure arrays, or holographic diffraction gratings. The apparatus may be part of a spectrometer. 1. An apparatus comprising:a substrate that is transmissive of electromagnetic energy of at least a plurality of wavelengths, the substrate having a length, a thickness, a width that is greater than the thickness, a first end, a second end opposed to the first end across the length, a first major face, a second major face opposed to the second major face across the thickness, and at least one edge that extends between at least a portion of the first major face and a portion of the second major face;at least a first nanostructure that selectively extracts electromagnetic energy of a first set of wavelengths from the substrate via one of the first major face and the second major face;at least a second nanostructure that selectively extracts electromagnetic energy of a second set of wavelengths from the substrate via one of the first major face and the second major face, and the second set of wavelengths is different than the first set of wavelengths; andan input optic oriented and positioned to provide electromagnetic energy into the substrate via the first major face, wherein the input optic is transmissive of electromagnetic energy, which enters the input optic through a first surface of the input optic at an angle greater than or equal to a critical angle of the ...

NEAR-INFRARED TIME-OF-FLIGHT IMAGING

A smart phone or tablet includes laser diodes configured to be pulsed and generate near-infrared light between 700-2500 nanometers. Lenses direct the light to a sample. A detection system includes a photodiode array with pixels coupled to CMOS transistors, and is configured to receive light reflected from the sample, to be synchronized to the light from the laser diodes, and to perform a time-of-flight measurement of a time difference between light from the laser diodes and light reflected from the sample. The detection system is configured to convert light received while the laser diodes are off into a first signal, and light received while at least one laser diodes is on, which includes light reflected from the sample, into a second signal. The smart phone or tablet is configured to difference the first signal and the second signal and to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image using the time-of-flight measurement. 1. A smart phone or tablet , comprising:an array of laser diodes configured to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers, and wherein at least a portion of the array of laser diodes is configured to be pulsed;one or more lenses configured to receive a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes and to direct the portion of the light from the array of laser diodes to a sample;a detection system comprising a photodiode array with a plurality of pixels coupled to CMOS transistors;wherein the detection system is configured to receive at least a portion of light reflected from the sample, and wherein the detection system is configured to be synchronized to the light from the at least a portion of the array of laser diodes;wherein the detection system is configured to perform a time-of-flight measurement by measuring a time difference between the generated light from the at least a ...

LIGHT-BASED SPECTROSCOPY WITH IMPROVED SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO

A measurement system includes a light source having semiconductor sources, a multiplexer, and one or more fused silica fibers configured to form an output optical beam having one or more optical wavelengths modulated at a modulation frequency. A light beam set-up includes a monochromator forming a filtered optical beam. A measurement apparatus delivers the filtered optical beam to a sample. A receiver receives a spectroscopy output beam generated from the sample by the filtered optical beam. The receiver is configured to use a lock-in technique that detects the modulation frequency, and to generate first and second signals responsive to light received while the light source is off and on, respectively. The measurement system improves a signal-to-noise ratio of the spectroscopy output beam by differencing the first and second signals. The receiver processes the spectroscopy output beam using chemometrics or multivariate analysis to permit identification of materials within the sample. 1. A measurement system comprising: a plurality of semiconductor sources configured to generate an input optical beam;', 'a multiplexer configured to receive at least a portion of the input optical beam and to form an intermediate optical beam;', 'one or more fibers configured to receive at least a portion of the intermediate optical beam and to form the output optical beam;', 'wherein at least a portion of the one or more fibers comprises a fused silica fiber;', 'wherein the output optical beam comprises one or more optical wavelengths; and', 'wherein the output optical beam is modulated at a modulation frequency;, 'a light source configured to generate an output optical beam, comprisinga light beam set-up comprising a monochromator configured to receive at least a portion of the output optical beam and to form a filtered optical beam;a measurement apparatus configured to receive a received portion of the filtered optical beam and to deliver a delivered portion of the filtered optical ...

PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT DEVICE USING LEDS

A wearable device includes a measurement device adapted to be placed on a wrist or ear having a light source with LEDs to measure physiological parameters. The measurement device generates an optical beam having a near infrared wavelength between 700-2500 nanometers by modulating the LEDs, and lenses to deliver the beam to tissue, which reflects the beam to a receiver having spectral filters in front of spatially separated detectors coupled to analog to digital converters that generate at least two receiver outputs. Signal-to-noise ratio of the beam reflected from the tissue is improved by comparing the receiver outputs, and by increasing light intensity from the LEDs. The receiver is synchronized to the modulation of the LEDs and uses a lock-in technique that detects the modulation frequency. The measurement device generates an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood within the tissue. 1. A wearable device , comprising:a measurement device including a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the measurement device configured to generate, by modulating at least one of the LEDs having an initial light intensity, an optical beam having a plurality of optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;the measurement device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver a portion of the optical beam to tissue, wherein the tissue reflects at least a portion of the optical beam delivered to the tissue, and wherein the measurement device is adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user;the measurement device further comprising a receiver, the receiver having a plurality of spatially separated detectors and one or more analog to digital converters coupled to the spatially separated detectors, the one or more analog to digital converters ...

Short-wave infrared super-continuum laers for natural gas leak detection, exploration, and other active remote sensing applications

A system and method for using near-infrared or short-wave infrared (SWIR) light sources between approximately 1.4-1.8 microns, 2-2.5 microns, 1.4-2.4 microns, 1-1.8 microns for active remote sensing or hyper-spectral imaging for detection of natural gas leaks or exploration sense the presence of hydro-carbon gases such as methane and ethane. Most hydro-carbons (gases, liquids and solids) exhibit spectral features in the SWIR, which may also coincide with atmospheric transmission windows (e.g., approximately 1.4-1.8 microns or 2-2.5 microns). Active remote sensing or hyper-spectral imaging systems may include a fiber-based super-continuum laser and a detection system and may reside on an aircraft, vehicle, handheld, or stationary platform. Super-continuum sources may emit light in the near-infrared or SWIR. An imaging spectrometer or a gas-filter correlation radiometer may be used to identify substances or materials such as oil spills, geology and mineralogy, vegetation, greenhouse gases, construction materials, plastics, explosives, fertilizers, paints, or drugs.

NEAR-INFRARED LASER DIODES USED IN IMAGING APPLICATIONS

A smart phone or tablet includes pulsed laser diodes generating light with near-infrared wavelengths between 700-2500 nanometers. First lenses direct light from the laser diodes to tissue. An array of pulsed laser diodes generates light with near-infrared wavelengths between 700-2500 nanometers. Second lenses form light from the array into spots directed on the tissue. An infrared camera synchronized to the laser diodes and the array generates data based on light reflected from the tissue. The smart phone or tablet generates a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image using the data from the infrared camera. The smart phone or tablet includes a wireless receiver, a wireless transmitter, a display, a voice input module, and a speaker. 1. A smart phone or tablet , comprising:one or more laser diodes configured to be pulsed and to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;a first one or more lenses configured to receive a portion of the light from the one or more laser diodes and to direct at least some portion of the received light to tissue;an array of laser diodes configured to be pulsed and to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;a second one or more lenses configured to receive a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes, the array of laser diodes and the second one or more lenses configured to form the light into a plurality of spots and to direct at least some of the spots to tissue; the infrared camera further configured to be synchronized to the array of laser diodes to receive light from at least a portion of the plurality of spots reflected from the tissue, and wherein the infrared camera generates additional data based at least in part on the ...

Semiconductor diodes-based physiological measurement device with improved signal-to-noise ratio

A wearable device includes a measurement device to measure a physiological parameter adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user. A plurality of semiconductor light sources such as light emitting diodes generate corresponding output light having an initial light intensity. A receiver includes spatially separated detectors receiving reflected light from the output lights and coupled to analog to digital converters. The receiver is configured to synchronize to the semiconductor source(s). The measurement device improves signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal by increasing light intensity relative to the initial light intensity and by increasing a pulse rate. Further improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is achieved by using change detection, where the receiver compares the signals with light on and with light off.

Spectrometer and Spectral Detection and Analysis Method Using the Same

A spectrometer and a spectral detection and analysis method implemented by the spectrometer. The spectrometer includes an optical device and a detection device. The optical device includes at least one light filter, each of which including at least two light filtering units, so that the optical device can emit at least two kinds of monochromatic light. The detection device includes at least one detector, each of which comprising at least two detection units facing at least two light filtering units in the corresponding light filter in a one-to-one relationship. The monochromatic light emitted from the light filtering unit is emitted along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the light emitting surface. 1. A spectrometer , comprising:an optical device configured to receive a polychromatic incident light and emit at least two kinds of monochromatic light, the optical device comprising:a first substrate comprising a transparent material and comprising a light incident surface and a light emitting surface parallel to each other, the light incident surface and the light emitting surface being provided with a light blocking layer, the light blocking layer on the light incident surface comprising at least one light incident opening, the light blocking layer on the light emitting surface comprising at least one light emitting opening, the at least one light incident opening being aligned with the at least one light emitting opening;at least one light filter, the at least one light filter corresponding to the at least one light emitting opening, wherein each light filter is in a corresponding light emitting opening, wherein each light filter comprises at least two light filtering units, and wherein a light filtering unit of the at least two light filtering units is configured to transmit light having a wavelength within a wavelength range;a detection device configured to receive the at least two kinds of monochromatic light emitted from the optical device and ...

SHORT-WAVE INFRARED SUPER-CONTINUUM LASERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DENTAL CARIES

A wearable device for use with a smart phone or tablet includes LEDs for measuring physiological parameters by modulating the LEDs and generating a near-infrared multi-wavelength optical beam. At least one LED emits at a first wavelength having a first penetration depth and at least another LED emits at a second wavelength having a second penetration depth into tissue. The device includes lenses that deliver the optical beam to the tissue, which reflects the first and second wavelengths. A receiver is configured to capture light while the LEDs are off and while at least one of the LEDs is on and to difference corresponding signals to improve a signal-to-noise ratio of the optical beam reflected from the tissue. The signal-to-noise ratio is further increased by increasing light intensity of at least one of the LEDs. The device generates an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood within the tissue. 1. A wearable device for use with a smart phone or tablet , the wearable device comprising:a measurement device including a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the measurement device configured to generate, by modulating at least one of the LEDs having an initial light intensity, an optical beam having a plurality of optical wavelengths, wherein at least one of the LEDs emits at a first wavelength having a first penetration depth into tissue and at least another of the LEDs emits at a second wavelength having a second penetration depth into the tissue different from the first penetration depth, wherein at least a portion of the optical beam includes a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;the measurement device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver at least a portion of each of the first and of the second wavelengths to tissue, wherein the tissue reflects at least a portion of each of the first and of the ...

SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF MULTIPLE SPECTRA OF SCATTERED RADIATION

In an example, an apparatus is described that includes a light source, a holographic optical element, a sampling apparatus, and a detector. The light source is configured to emit a beam of excitation light. The holographic optical element is arranged to convert the beam of excitation light into a plurality of beams of excitation light. The sampling apparatus is arranged to project the plurality of beams of excitation light onto a surface outside the apparatus as a two-dimensional pattern of projection points. The sampling apparatus is further arranged to collect scattered radiation emitted by the surface in response to the two-dimensional pattern of projection points. The detector detects a frequency shift in the scattered radiation. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a light source for emitting a beam of excitation light;a holographic optical element for converting the beam of excitation light into a plurality of beams of excitation light;a sampling apparatus for projecting the plurality of beams of excitation light onto a surface outside the apparatus as a two-dimensional pattern of projection points and for collecting scattered radiation emitted by the surface in response to the two-dimensional pattern of projection points; anda detector for detecting a frequency shift in the scattered radiation.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the holographic optical element comprises a diffractive mask including a superposition of a plurality of diffractive gratings having different spatial frequencies.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a diffraction grating positioned between the sampling apparatus and the detector, for dispersing the scattered radiation prior to the scattered radiation being delivered to the detector.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the surface outside the apparatus comprises:a surface-enhanced substrate.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the surface-enhanced substrate comprises a plurality of regions claim 4 , and a local topography of ...

Measuring spectral lines from an analyte using multiplexed holograms and polarization manipulation

An optical apparatus in which multiplexed holograms are used to achieve wavelength selectivity and polarization manipulation is used to facilitate near-normal incidence of light on the holograms. The polarization manipulation allows light reflected from the holograms to be separated from the light incident on the holograms. In one application, the apparatus can be used to extract spectral lines of an analyte from radiation scattered from a sample.

Optical devices having a wavelength-tunable dispersion assembly that has a volume dispersive diffraction grating

A spectrometer has a source of illumination radiation having a plurality of spectral wavelengths, a bandpass filter, a dispersive beamsplitter disposed in an optical path of said source of illumination radiation, an illumination radiation rejection filter, and a spectrograph disposed in a path of radiation from a sample illuminated by illumination radiation from said source of illumination radiation. The dispersive beamsplitter, the bandpass filter, the illumination radiation rejection filter and spectrograph are tunable in correspondence to a selected one of the plurality of spectral wavelengths of the source of illumination radiation. The dispersive beamsplitter directs the selected one of the plurality of spectral wavelengths of illumination radiation to a sample and directs elastically scattered and reflected radiation from the sample out of a measurement beam of light emanating from the sample. The inelastically scattered light passes through the dispersive beamsplitter essentially unaffected and is directed to the illumination radiation rejection filter and the spectrograph.

OPTICAL SPECTROMETER AND METHOD FOR SPECTRALLY RESOLVED TWO-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING OF AN OBJECT

The disclosure relates to an optical spectrometer () for spectrally resolved two-dimensional imaging of an object (), comprising a dispersing device () arranged to disperse radiation from object (), a multi-lens array arrangement () arranged to receive the dispersed radiation from the dispersing device (), a two-dimensional detector () arranged to receive the dispersed radiation as directed by the multi-lens array arrangement (), wherein the optical spectrometer () further comprises a collimating arrangement () for collimating the radiation from object () before the radiation reaches the dispersing device (), the collimating arrangement () comprising a diffusing plate () for diffusing the radiation and an optical micro-channel component () arranged to receive the diffused radiation comprising a plurality of parallel and linear optical micro-channels directed towards the dispersing device (). The disclosure further relates to a method for spectrally resolved two-dimensional imaging of an object ().

Measuring analytes from an electromagnetic spectrum using a wavelength router

더 작은 전체 검출기 면적에서 스펙트럼 에너지를 집중시키는 것을 제공하면서, 복수 개의 파장의 시료로부터 산란된 약한 신호가 단일 검출기 또는 복수 개의 검출기에 방사되도록 더해질 수 있다. 또한, 샘플 부피에서 물의 양을 측정하고 샘플 부피에서 체액의 염도를 측정함으로써 주어진 시료에 대한 결과적인 신호의 조정이 얻어질 수 있는 방법이 개시된다. While providing for concentrating spectral energy at a smaller total detector area, weak signals scattered from samples of multiple wavelengths can be added to radiate to a single detector or to multiple detectors. Also disclosed are methods by which the adjustment of the resulting signal for a given sample can be obtained by measuring the amount of water in the sample volume and the salinity of the body fluid in the sample volume.

Method, phase grating and device for analyzing a wave surface of a light beam

본 발명은 소스(S)로부터 렌즈(O 1 )의 초점으로의 광빔(F)의 파면을 분석하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 빔(F)은 분석면(P D )상에 위치하며 결함(D 1 )을 갖는 시료(LA)를 비춘다. 면(P C )의 회절 격자(GR)는 초점 시스템(O 2 , O 3 , O 4 )을 통해 분석면(P D )의 접합면(conjugate)이다. 격자면(GR)으로부터 거리(d)에 위치한 면(P S )에 이미지가 형성되며, 처리 수단(UT)에 의해 분석된다. 본 발명은 상기 격자(GR)를 2개의 위상 함수를 곱한 결과인 위상 함수에 의해 인코드하며, 2개의 위상 함수들은 분석하고자 하는 빔을 광펜슬빔의 형태로 전송하는 유용 영역들의 메쉬를 정의하는 제1 배타 함수 및 배타 위상 격자의 인접하는 메쉬들로부터 나오는 2개의 광펜슬빔 사이에 위상 대립(opposition)을 생성하는 제2 위상 기초 함수이다. The invention relates to a method for analyzing the wavefront of an optical beam (F) from the source (S) to the focus of the lens (O 1 ). The beam F illuminates the sample LA having the defect D 1 on the analysis plane P D. The diffraction grating GR of the plane P C is a conjugate of the analysis plane P D through the focus system O 2 , O 3 , O 4 . An image is formed on the surface P S located at a distance d from the grating surface GR and analyzed by the processing means UT. The present invention encodes the grating GR by a phase function that is a result of multiplying two phase functions, and the two phase functions define a mesh of useful regions for transmitting the beam to be analyzed in the form of an optical pencil beam Is a second phase basis function that creates a phase opposition between the two optical pencil beams emerging from adjacent meshes of the first and second excitation function gratings.

Dispersive holographic spectrometer

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Raman signal position correction using relative integration parameters

本申请涉及使用相对积分参数的拉曼信号位置校正。一种相较于诸如梯形法则等技术的用于对曲线峰进行积分的改进方法，其中积分参数位于固定x轴位置处。替代地，积分参数是相对于峰中心指定的，这允许所述峰由于硬件变化、温度波动、压力变化等而随时间推移移位，同时将积分参数维持在用于该峰的最佳位置。为此，本公开在光谱法中找到特殊的实用性，其中例如在拉曼光谱法的情况下，特定的波数移位位置可能会随时间漂移，从而导致基于绝对积分参数的不准确结果。

Measuring analytes from an electromagnetic spectrum using a wavelength router

더 작은 전체 검출기 면적에서 스펙트럼 에너지를 집중시키는 것을 제공하면서, 복수 개의 파장의 시료로부터 산란된 약한 신호가 단일 검출기 또는 복수 개의 검출기에 방사되도록 더해질 수 있다. 또한, 샘플 부피에서 물의 양을 측정하고 샘플 부피에서 체액의 염도를 측정함으로써 주어진 시료에 대한 결과적인 신호의 조정이 얻어질 수 있는 방법이 개시된다.

METHOD FOR FOCUSING REFERENCE WORKING HOLOGRAPHIC SPHERICAL DIFFRACTION NETWORKS, DISPERSIVE OBJECTIVES AND SPECTROMETERS USING THE SAME

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN PROCEDE DE FOCALISATION DES RESEAUX DE DIFFRACTION SPHERIQUES HOLOGRAPHIQUES DE RAYON DE COURBURE R, TRAVAILLANT PAR REFLEXION POUR LA DISPERSION DES DIFFERENTES RADIATIONS CONSTITUANT UNE LUMIERE POLYCHROMATIQUE SELON LEQUEL ON UTILISE UNE FENTE D'ENTREE ET AU MOINS UNE FENTE DE SORTIE (OU UN DETECTEUR MULTICANAL) FIXES, LE RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE ETANT FIXE LEQUEL PROCEDE CONSISTE POUR UNE LONGUEUR D'ONDE L ET UCORRESPONDANT A LA SOMME DES EQUATIONS SAGITTALES OBJET ET IMAGE, RELATIONS DANS LESQUELLES N REPRESENTE LE NOMBRE DE TRAITS PAR MM DU RESEAU HOLOGRAPHIQUE REALISE A LA LONGUEUR D'ONDE LASER L0 A PARTIR DE L'ENREGISTREMENT DE FRANGES D'INTERFERENCES GENEREES PAR DEUX POINTS SOURCES C ET D DEFINIS PAR LEURS COORDONNEES POLAIRES RESPECTIVEMENT PAR RAPPORT AU SOMMET DU RESEAU POUR LE POINT CET POUR LE POINT D ET TELS QUELA REPARTITION D'INTENSITE DE L'IMAGE DIFFRACTEE OBTENUE ETANT SYMETRIQUE. THE INVENTION CONCERNS A METHOD FOR FOCUSING HOLOGRAPHIC SPHERICAL DIFFRACTION NETWORKS WITH RADIUS OF CURVATURE R, WORKING BY REFLECTION FOR THE DISPERSION OF THE DIFFERENT RADIATIONS CONSTITUTING A POLYCHROMATIC LIGHT ACCORDING TO WHICH A SLIT IS USED AND A SLOT IS USED. OR A MULTI-CHANNEL DETECTOR) FIXED, THE HOLOGRAPHIC NETWORK BEING FIXED WHICH PROCESS CONSISTS FOR A WAVELENGTH L AND U CORRESPONDING TO THE SUM OF THE SAGITTAL EQUATIONS OBJECT AND IMAGE, RELATIONSHIPS IN WHICH N REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF LINES PER MM OF THE NETWORK THE LASER WAVELENGTH L0 FROM THE RECORDING OF INTERFERENCE FRANGES GENERATED BY TWO SOURCE POINTS C AND D DEFINED BY THEIR POLAR COORDINATES RESPECTIVELY WITH RESPECT TO THE SUMMIT OF THE NETWORK FOR POINT THIS FOR POINT D AND AS IS OF INTENSITY OF THE DIFFRACTED IMAGE OBTAINED BEING SYMMETRICAL.

Patent FR2036613A5

COMPACT SPECTROMETRY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

L'invention concerne un dispositif compact de spectrométrie comportant des premiers moyens (10) pour capturer un faisceau lumineux émis depuis une source lumineuse multi-spectrale, des seconds moyens (20) pour séparer les différentes composantes spectrales dudit faisceau et des troisièmes moyens (30) pour acquérir lesdites composantes caractérisé en ce que les premiers moyens, les seconds moyens et les troisièmes sont intégrés dans un même composant monolithique comportant un axe longitudinal, les seconds moyens comportant en outre une structure de réseau présentant un pas variable selon ledit axe longitudinal de manière à réaliser une fonction de focalisation des différentes composantes spectrales sur lesdits troisièmes moyens d'acquisition. The invention relates to a compact spectrometry device comprising first means (10) for capturing a light beam emitted from a multi-spectral light source, second means (20) for separating the different spectral components of said beam and third means (30). ) for acquiring said components, characterized in that the first means, the second means and the third means are integrated in the same monolithic component comprising a longitudinal axis, the second means further comprising a network structure having a variable pitch along said longitudinal axis of in order to perform a focusing function of the different spectral components on said third acquisition means.

Wavelength tunable spectrometer and wavelength tuning method therof

A wavelength tunable spectrometer and a wavelength tuning method thereof are provided to secure optimum diffraction efficiency according to a wavelength of incident light, to maintain an optical path for observation, to increase a degree of freedom in a design thereof, and to reduce a volume thereof. A transmissive diffraction unit(105) is rotatably arranged in an optimum incident angle according to external incident light in order to diffract the incident light. A mirror(103) is arranged in a fixed angle to the transmissive diffraction unit in order to reflect the diffracted light in the same angle as the incident angle to the transmissive diffraction unit, to a predetermined optical path. A driving unit(113) rotates the transmissive diffraction unit and the mirror in an angle according to the wavelength of the incident light. A light collection unit collects an optical output applied through the mirror. An observation unit observes a spectrum of the light collected through the light-collecting portion.

Method, phase grating and device for analysing the wavefront of a light beam

本发明涉及用于对从源(S)到透镜(O 1 )的焦点的光束(F)的波面进行分析的方法。该束(F)照射分析平面(P D )上的且具有缺陷(D 1 )的样品(LA)。平面(P C )的衍射光栅(GR)通过聚焦系统(O 2 ，O 3 ，O 4 )与分析平面(P D )共轭。图像形成在距光栅平面(GR)距离(d)处的平面(P S )中并由处理装置(UT)来分析。本发明通过从两个相位函数的复合得到相位函数来对该光栅(GR)进行编码，第一排除函数定义以锥形光束的形式透射所要分析的束的有用区域的啮合，而第二相位基础函数生成来自排除光栅的相邻网格的两个锥形光束之间的相位移相。

Spectrometer

A spectrometer 1A includes spectroscopic units 2A, 2B, and 2C. A light passing part 21A, a reflection part 11A, a common reflection part 12, a dispersive part 40A, and a light detection part 22A included in the spectroscopic unit 2A are arranged along a reference line RL1 when viewed in a Z-axis direction. A light passing part 21B, a reflection part 11B, the common reflection part 12, a dispersive part 40B, and a light detection part 22B included in the spectroscopic unit 2B are arranged along a reference line RL2 when viewed in the Z-axis direction. A light passing part 21C, a reflection part 11C, the common reflection part 12, a dispersive part 40C, and a light detection part 22C included in the spectroscopic unit 2C are arranged along a reference line RL3 when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The reference line RL1, the reference line RL2, and the reference line RL3 intersect with one another.

Optical spectroscopy utilizing planar spectral filters

An optical spectrometer and/or a method of optical spectroscopy is described herein. One exemplary spectrometer includes a planar spectral filter, a dispersion system, and a detector array having at least two dimensions. The planar spectral filter filters incident light to generate a plurality of wavelength dependent spatial patterns. The dispersion system disperses the spatial patterns along at least one dimension in a wavelength dependent fashion onto the detector array. As a result, spatial patterns corresponding to different wavelengths are centered at different locations on the detector array. The dispersed spatial patterns superimpose at the detector array in an offset but overlapping relationship, creating an asymmetric image that facilitates the spectral analysis of a wide range of light sources, including diffuse or spectrally complex light sources.

Measuring spectral lines from an analyte using multiplexed holograms and polarization manipulation

An optical apparatus in which multiplexed holograms are used to achieve wavelength selectivity and polarization manipulation is used to facilitate near-normal incidence of light on the holograms. The polarization manipulation allows light reflected from the holograms to be separated from the light incident on the holograms. In one application, the apparatus can be used to extract spectral lines of an analyte from radiation scattered from a sample.

Optical system for a multidetector array spectrograph

An optical system for a multidetector array spectrophotometer which includes multiple light sources for emitting light of selected wavelength ranges and means for selectively transmitting the selected wavelength ranges of light to respective slits of a multi-slit spectrogrpah for multiple wavelength range detection. The spectrograph has two or more slits which direct the selected wavelength ranges of the light spectra to fall upon a dispersive and focusing system which collects light from each slit, disperses the light by wavelength and refocuses the light at the positions of a single set of detectors.

Spectrometer

Optical fiber type colorimeter

This invention relates to a optical fiber type colorimeter, and in particularly it refers to a colorimeter which uses optical fibers to transmit light to sample or reference matter. Scattered light reflected from matter surface is received by a optical fiber and then transmitted to a grating which splits light into spectrum. An A/D converter is connected to the driver circuit to communicated signal to computer for analysis of chromatic value, and determination of chrominace of sample, especially for analysis of some solid, products like textile, paper or brick. Since optical fibers are used in this invention, it enables more flexible installation of this invention. Moreover, precision of measurement is no longer affected by testing environment. The fabrication cost is lowered without the use of conventional reflective mirror.

Reflection grating, and spectrograph and pulse shaper using the reflection grating

【課題】反射型回折格子、及び、それを用いた分光器及びパルス整形器に関し、光の入射角を変更することで、広い波長域で高い回折効率を実現する反射型の回折格子の提供。 【解決手段】反射型回折格子１は、入射光ＩＬを透過型の体積ホログラム層２で回折させ、体積ホログラム層２からの回折光（ＤＬｒ、ＤＬｂ、ＤＬｇ）を体積ホログラム層２と接している反射部材（ミラー３）で反射することによって光の入射角を変更し、広い波長域で高い回折効率を実現する 【選択図】図１

Device for detecting properties of a longitudinally transported web

Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von Eigenschaften einer in Längsrichtung transportierten Warenbahn, insbesondere einer Papierbahn (20), mit: – einer Traverse (26), die oberhalb der Warenbahn angeordnet ist, – einer Vielzahl von Lichtleitern (28), die an der Traverse (26) befestigt sind, – Eintrittsbereichen (30) dieser Lichtleiter (28), die mit geringem Abstand auf die Oberfläche der Warenbahn gerichtet sind, – Austrittsbereichen (34) der Lichtleiter (28), die eine linienförmige Anordnung aufweisen, welche am Eingang (36) eines Infrarot-Spektrometers positioniert ist, – einem im Spektrometer angeordneten holographsichen Gitter (40), – einem Spektrometerausgang (44), an dem die Infrarotspektren der Signale der einzelnen Lichtleiter reihenförmig nebeneinander erscheinen, – einer Detektormatrix (46), die am Ausgang (44) angeordnet ist und die aus n Zeilen und m Reihen von infrarotempfindlichen Einzelsensoren (48) gebildet wird, wobei die Spektren von bis zu m Lichtleitern (28) in bis zu n Spektralbereichen aufgeteilt und erfasst werden können. Device for detecting properties of a material web transported in the longitudinal direction, in particular of a paper web (20), comprising: A traverse (26) which is arranged above the web, - A plurality of optical fibers (28) which are fixed to the cross member (26), - Entry areas (30) of these light guides (28) which are directed at a small distance to the surface of the web, - exit areas (34) of the optical fibers (28) having a line-shaped arrangement which is positioned at the entrance (36) of an infrared spectrometer, A holographic grating (40) arranged in the spectrometer, A spectrometer output (44), at which the infrared spectra of the signals of the individual light guides appear in rows in a row, - A detector array (46), which is arranged at the output (44) and which is formed of n rows and m rows of infrared-sensitive individual sensors (48), wherein the spectra of up to m optical fibers (28) divided into up to n spectral ...

Measuring analytes from an electromagnetic spectrum using a wavelength router

System and method for forming an image of an object and generating a measure of authenticity of an object

An imaging system (200) for generating a measure of authenticity of an object (10) comprises a dispersive imaging arrangement (30) and an image sensor arrangement (60). They are positioned so that, when electromagnetic radiation (20) from the object (10) illuminates the dispersive imaging arrangement (30), the electromagnetic radiation is dispersed and imaged by the image sensor arrangement (60). The imaging system (200) is configured to then generate a measure of authenticity of the object (10) depending at least on a relation between the imaged dispersed electromagnetic radiation and reference spectral information. The invention also relates to an imaging method.

Optical spectrometer and method for spectrally resolved two-dimensional imaging of an object

The disclosure relates to an optical spectrometer (1) for spectrally resolved two- dimensional imaging of an object (0), comprising a dispersing device (2) arranged to disperse radiation from object (0), a multi-lens array arrangement (3) arranged to receive the dispersed radiation from the dispersing device (2), a two-dimensional detector (4) arranged to receive 5 the dispersed radiation as directed by the multi-lens array arrangement (3), wherein the optical spectrometer (1) further comprises a collimating arrangement (5) for collimating the radiation from object (0) before the radiation reaches the dispersing device (2), the collimating arrangement (5) comprising a diffusing plate (6) for diffusing the radiation and an optical micro-channel component (7) arranged to receive the diffused radiation comprising a plurality 10 of parallel and linear optical micro-channels directed towards the dispersing device (2). The disclosure further relates to a method for spectrally resolved two-dimensional imaging of an object (0).

DIFFRACTION NETWORK AND SCAN OPTICAL DEVICE FOR SAMPLE ANALYSIS

Dispositif optique à réseau de diffraction pour l'analyse d'échantillon. Le dispositif comprend un réseau de diffraction oscillant à vitesse élevée, une roue synchronisée ayant des segments foncés ou noirs, des fibres optiques pour recueillir la lumière de l'échantillon et la transmettre à un récepteur. Application à l'analyse quantitative d'échantillon, en agriculture, en médecine. Optical diffraction grating device for sample analysis. The device includes a high speed oscillating diffraction grating, a synchronized wheel having dark or black segments, optical fibers to collect the light from the sample and transmit it to a receiver. Application to the quantitative analysis of samples, in agriculture, in medicine.

Single detector based dual excitation wavelength spectra display

A single detector based spectroscopy system using FAST (fiber array spectral translator) fibers and two excitation sources in conjunction with a holographic spectrum analyzer (HSA) to obtain simultaneous and selective display of spectroscopic regions of interest. A sample can be illuminated with different laser excitation wavelengths and resulting multiple spectra can be comparatively observed on a single display screen for more fruitful analysis of sample spectral responses (and, hence, sample chemical or physical properties) under different excitations. The HSA may be configured to focus on user-selected spectral regions of interest from different such spectra and a single CCD detector may be configured to collect spectral data from all selected spectral regions of interest in corresponding portions of the CCD pixel array, thereby allowing subsequent simultaneous display of such selected spectral regions of interest. The HSA may also allow simultaneous collection and display of portions of a single spectrum from a single excitation wavelength. A user can perform better comparative analysis when spectral regions of interest are juxtaposed with each other on a single electronic display.

VERY HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

UN TUBE A ECLAIR 1 ILLUMINE LA FENTE D'ENTREE D'UN MONOCHROMATEUR 3 DONT LA FENTE DE SORTIE EST APPLIQUEE A UN CONDUCTEUR OPTIQUE 5 FORMANT DERIVATION STATISTIQUEMENT EQUILIBREE VERS UNE CUVE DE MESURE 6M ET UNE CUVE DE REFERENCE 6R. DES PHOTODETECTEURS QUANTIQUES 7M ET 7R MESURENT RESPECTIVEMENT LA LUMIERE TRANSMISE PAR LES DEUX CUVES. LES SIGNAUX ELECTRIQUES OBTENUS SONT AMPLIFIES ET NUMERISES, ET UN MICRO-ORDINATEUR 9 ETABLIT LE RAPPORT ENTRE LE SIGNAL DE MESURE M ET LE SIGNAL DE REFERENCE R, TOUTES CHOSES EGALES PAR AILLEURS. A LIGHTNING TUBE 1 ILLUMINATES THE INLET SLOT OF A MONOCHROMATOR 3 WHOSE EXIT SLOT IS APPLIED TO AN OPTICAL CONDUCTOR 5 FORMING STATISTICALLY BALANCED BYPASS TOWARDS A 6M MEASURING TANK AND A 6R REFERENCE TANK. QUANTUM PHOTODETECTORS 7M AND 7R RESPECTIVELY MEASURE THE LIGHT TRANSMITTED BY THE TWO TANKS. THE ELECTRIC SIGNALS OBTAINED ARE AMPLIFIED AND DIGITIZED, AND A MICRO-COMPUTER 9 ESTABLISHES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MEASUREMENT SIGNAL M AND THE REFERENCE SIGNAL R, ALL ELSEWHERE EQUAL.

METHOD, PHASE NETWORK AND WAVE SURFACE ANALYSIS DEVICE OF A LIGHT BEAM

L'invention concerne un procédé pour l'analyse de surface d'onde d'un faisceau de lumière (F) à partir d'une source (S) au foyer d'une lentille (01), Le faisceau (F) illumine un échantillon (LA) au plan d'analyse (PD) et présentant un défaut (D1). Un réseau de diffraction (GR) du plan (Pc) est conjugué du plan d'analyse (PD) par un système afocal (O2, 03, O4) . Une image est formée dans un plan (Ps) à distance (d) du plan du réseau (GR) et analysée par des moyens de traitement (UT). L'invention code ce réseau (GR) par une fonction de phase résultant de la multiplication de deux fonctions de phase, une première fonction d'exclusion définissant un maillage de zones utiles transmettant le faisceau à analyser sous la forme de pinceaux de lumière, et une deuxième fonction fondamentale de phase qui crée une opposition de phase entre deux pinceaux de lumière issus de mailles adjacentes du réseau d'exclusion. The invention relates to a method for the wavefront analysis of a light beam (F) from a source (S) at the focus of a lens (01). The beam (F) illuminates a sample (LA) to the analysis plane (PD) and having a defect (D1). A diffraction grating (GR) of the plane (Pc) is conjugated from the analysis plane (PD) by an afocal system (O2, 03, O4). An image is formed in a plane (Ps) at a distance (d) from the plane of the network (GR) and analyzed by processing means (UT). The invention encodes this grating (GR) by a phase function resulting from the multiplication of two phase functions, a first exclusion function defining a mesh of useful zones transmitting the beam to be analyzed in the form of light brushes, and a second fundamental phase function which creates a phase opposition between two light brushes coming from adjacent meshes of the exclusion network.

Measuring analytes from an electromagnetic spectrum using a wavelength router

Weak signals scattered from analytes at multiple wavelengths can be summed to illuminate either a single detector or a multiplicity of detectors, offering the possibility of concentrating the spectral energy on a smaller total detector area. In addition, a method is disclosed whereby a calibration of the resulting signal for a given analyte can be obtained by means of measuring the quantity of water in the sample volume and by means of measuring the salinity of the fluid in the sample volume.

Patent FR2180574A1

Grating ozone spectrophotometer

Abstract of the Disclosure A holographic grating spectrophotometer for detecting ozone and sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere is described which provides automatic calibration and which provides automatic linearity correction for the photomultiplier tube. Automatic calibration is provided by using a computer to control a stepper motor to move the grating so that the photomultiplier tube receives maximum intensity at the calibration wavelength of 302.1 nm from a mercury source. Automatic linearity correction is obtained by cycling a wavelength selection mask across exit slits located in the focal plane of the device and firstly combines separately taken counts of two different wavelengths and comparing this sum with the sum of counts of these wavelengths taken simultaneously. The difference is used to calculate photomultiplier tube deadtime and improve accuracy of the results. In a preferred embodiment five wavelengths are used to calculate ozone and sulphur dioxide levels, and a stepper motor driving a cylindrical wavelength selection mask permits exit slits to be exposed to predetermined wavelengths one at a time.

Imaging compact spectrograph

Device for detecting properties of a web of material transported in the longitudinal direction

The present invention relates to a device for detecting the properties of a web of material transported in the longitudinal direction such as a paper web (20). The device includes a plurality of optical fibres (28) having their input areas (30) each located in the vicinity of the surface of the material web and aligned on said surface, the fibres being secured on a crossbar (26) extending across the material web. The device also includes an infrared spectrometer having the output areas (34) of the optical fibres (28) connected to its input (36) while infrared sensors are connected to the output (44) of said infrared spectrometer. The infrared spectrometer includes a holographic grating (40) for arranging the optical fibers (28) side by side and in one line at the spectrometer input (36) so that the infrared spectra of the signals emitted by the individual optical fibres (28) appear side by side in one line at the spectrometer output (44), and so that the infrared sensors at said output (44) are made in the form of a sensor matrix (46) comprising n lines and m rows of individual infrared-sensitive sensors (48), wherein the spectra from up to m optical fibres (28) can be distributed and detected into up to n spectral areas.

Holographic diffraction grating system for rapid scan spectral analysis

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of mono-chromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed by a unique cam drive structure comprising identically shaped conjugate cams. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having dark segments for drift correction is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. Source optics is employed to optimally shape the light source for particular applications. The system optics further includes a unique arrangement of lenses, including cylindrical lenses, to obtain the best light source shape which results in maximum light throughput. Fiber optics are also employed and arranged to meet the optimum requirements of the system for light collection and transmission through portions of the optical system.

Programmable spectral imaging system

An imaging apparatus for obtaining spectral image data from an object that includes: a) a light source; b) an input optics section; c) a programmable spectral filter that conditions the multispectral image bearing light according to a predetermined spectral transmission function; d) a detector array in the path of the conditioned multispectral image bearing light and providing a corresponding output signal; and, e) a control logic processor in communication with the spatial light modulator for modulating addressable areas of the spatial light modulator to provide the spectral transmission function thereby.

Raman signal position correction using relative integration parameters

An improved method for integrating curve peaks as compared to techniques such as the trapezoidal rule wherein integration parameters are at fixed x-axis positions. Integration parameters are instead specified relative to a peak center, which allows the peak to shift over time due to hardware changes, temperature fluctuation, pressure changes, etc., while maintaining integration parameters at optimal locations for that peak. As such, the present disclosure finds particular utility in spectroscopy wherein, in the case of Raman spectroscopy, for example, specific wavenumber shift locations may drift over time, leading to inaccurate results based upon absolute integration parameters.

Short-wave infrared super-continuum lasers for early detection of dental caries

A wearable device for use with a smart phone or tablet includes LEDs for measuring physiological parameters by modulating the LEDs and generating a near-infrared multi-wavelength optical beam. At least one LED emits at a first wavelength having a first penetration depth and at least another LED emits at a second wavelength having a second penetration depth into tissue. The device includes lenses that deliver the optical beam to the tissue, which reflects the first and second wavelengths. A receiver is configured to capture light while the LEDs are off and while at least one of the LEDs is on and to difference corresponding signals to improve a signal-to-noise ratio of the optical beam reflected from the tissue. The signal-to-noise ratio is further increased by increasing light intensity of at least one of the LEDs. The device generates an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood within the tissue.

Raman signal position correction using relative integration parameters

An improved method for integrating curve peaks as compared to techniques such as the trapezoidal rule wherein integration parameters are at fixed x-axis positions. Integration parameters are instead specified relative to a peak center, which allows the peak to shift over time due to hardware changes, temperature fluctuation, pressure changes, etc., while maintaining integration parameters at optimal locations for that peak. As such, the present disclosure finds particular utility in spectroscopy wherein, in the case of Raman spectroscopy, for example, specific wavenumber shift locations may drift over time, leading to inaccurate results based upon absolute integration parameters.

Continuously rotating grating rapid-scan spectrophotometer

A system for rapid-scan spectral analysis comprising a concave holographic diffraction grating (18) continuously rotated at a substantially constant angular velocity to provide a rapid scanning monochromator (a monochromator is used to transfer nominal regions of wavelengths out of the continuous light source). The unique sampling circuitry uses an optical shaft encoder (42). The angular velocity and angular acceleration of the grating (18) are calculated from time measurements, just before the first wavelength of interest falls on the detector. This information is used to control the Analog to Digital converter sampling rate across the region of interest. The samples as a function of time are stored in a memory buffer (58) so that each data point corresponds to a wavelength.

Spectrograph

Realization method for novel monochromator based on volume phase holographic raster

本发明涉及一种基于体积相位全息光栅的新型单色仪的实现方法，宽带光源的光经聚焦后通过入射狭缝进入单色仪系统，经一平面镜反射改变方向后入射到一凹面镜上。入射光经过一凹面镜后转变为平行光。平行光经过一平面镜反射后入射到体积相位全息透射光栅上，不同波长的光透过光栅后被衍射到不同的方向。衍射光经一平面镜反射后，入射在一凹透镜上，经平面镜反射后聚焦在出射狭缝上。未被选择的波段落在狭缝两侧。最终的单色光经过出射狭缝后被收集以供用户使用。本发明具有更高的衍射效率，显著降低的对S和P偏振的衍射效率差异，更低的杂散光。

Fabrication of multifunctional holographic optical elements and application in photometers

The application of one or more multifunctional holographic optical elements (HOE's) (40, 16) to a photometric apparatus, and a spectrophotometer in particular, is disclosed. Fabrication methods for HOE's especially useful in the foregoing application result in holograms which perform several classical optical (i. e., light gathering and steering) functions. The HOE's so fabricated are useful in a detector mode (16) (i.e., to process light from an illuminated sample for analysis of some portion of its spectrum); in a source mode (40) (i.e., processing light from a source (51) to a focus on a sample); and a combination of source and detector modes.

Fast scan spectrophotometer

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Optical apparatus for analyzing samples

Spectrometer system and spectral analysis method

本发明实施例公开了一种光谱仪系统和光谱检测分析方法。光谱仪系统包括：采光装置和探测装置，采光装置包括分光结构和滤光结构，采光装置与探测装置之间设置有测试通道；分光结构用于将入射光分光为单色光后出射，照射到滤光结构上；滤光结构用于过滤单色光中的杂散光后出射目标波长范围的单色光，将出射的单色光通过测试通道中的待测物后，照射到探测装置上；探测装置用于接收目标波长范围的单色光与待测物发生反应后的光学信号，该光学信号为用于对待测物进行光谱分析的光学信号。本发明实施例解决了采用传统光谱仪进行分光时存在光谱叠级串色的现象而影响光谱仪检测效果的问题，以及传统光谱仪中存在的偏向角问题。

Holographic filter

A holographic filter comprises a volume hologram (36) recorded with Bragg surfaces (38) for use in spectroscopic and spectral splitting applications. The Bragg planes (38) in the holographic filter can be recorded to satisfy virtually any design constraint imposed upon the filter such as Raman, Lippmann, non-Snellian (slanted), curved, and multiplexed spectral filters. The holographic filter achieves maximal reduction of secondary maxima and sidelobes and obtains large wavelength selectivities, and varied grating constants.

Radiation detector and measuring equipment for ultra-violet radiation

The invention relates to an ultra-violet radiation detector comprising a device for decomposing light into spectrum and a semiconductor detector set up in the path of the ultra-violet light beam behind the spectrum decomposing device, wherein the device decomposing the light into spectrum is a diffraction grating (2, 2'), behind which a detector (3) of the surface width of two or more refraction orders of the decomposed light beams and with a partly uncovered surface, uncovered on places adequate to the distance of refraction orders, is set up in the path of the light. The diffraction grating (2) is a translucent holographic picture, behind which a detector (3) with a surface of the same dimension as the surface of the diffraction grating (2) is set up, or the diffraction grating (2) is a light-reflecting holographic picture, above which, parallel with it and shifted in the direction of the incoming light is located the photosensitive detector (3) with a partly uncovered surface. Preferably the UV radiation detector has an incidence angle indicator for indication of the direction of the incoming light in relation to the diffraction grating (2). The invention further relates to a measuring equipment in which said UV radiation detector is applied, said detector being connected to an evaluating electronic device. The output of the photosensitive detector (3) is connected via analogue amplifier (4) to an analogue-digital converter (5), and an LCD display (6) is connected to the output of the analogue-digital converter (5). Preferably a comparator and an integrating circuit are also connected to the output of the analogue-digital converter (5) and the measuring equipment is materialised as an integrated circuit furnished with UV permeable window, which is built in a wrist watch.

A system for distributing and controlling color reproduction at multiple sites

In the color imaging system (100), multiple rendering devices are provided at different nodes (102, 104) along a network (11). Each rendering device has a color measurement instrument for calibrating the color presented by the device. The rendering device may represent a color display in which a member surrounds the outer periphery of the screen of the display and a color measuring instrument is coupled to the first member. The color measuring instrument includes a sensor spaced from the screen at an angle with respect to the screen for receiving light from an area of the screen.

Volume-phase holographic diffraction grating optimized for the ultraviolet spectral region

Un dispositivo (10) de rejilla de difracción holográfica de volumen-fase, que comprende: un elemento (30) de cubierta y un elemento (20) de substrato conformados ambos de un material de vidrio; un elemento (44) de bastidor situado entre dicho elemento (30) de cubierta y dicho elemento (20) de substrato que forma una región (60) volumétrica de cámara de aire entre ellos; y una capa (42) de material de gelatina sobre una superficie de dicho elemento (20) de substrato dentro de dicha región (60) volumétrica de cámara de aire situada entre el elemento (30) de cubierta y el elemento (20) de substrato pero que no rellena completamente dicha región (60) volumétrica de cámara de aire y tal que la capa (42) de material de gelatina no está en contacto con el elemento (30) de cubierta, teniendo dicha capa (42) de material de gelatina un espesor en el rango de aproximadamente 0,5 a 1,0 micras adaptado para operar sobre 10 luz no polarizada en la región de 250-280 nm del espectro y que tiene una región con diversos índices de refracción creados por un holograma conformado en ella; y un material (46) adhesivo que adhiere entre sí al elemento (30) de cubierta y al elemento (20) de substrato sobre superficies exteriores del elemento (44) de bastidor, sellando herméticamente el material (46) adhesivo dicha capa (42) de gelatina sin hacer contacto con dicha capa (42) de gelatina; en el cual la capa (42) de gelatina tiene un espesor de acuerdo con la siguiente ecuación: donde x describe el espesor, describe la longitud de onda de funcionamiento, describe el coeficiente de absorción del material de gelatina, cos describe el ángulo de resplandor, y n describe el índice de refracción. A volume-phase holographic diffraction grating device (10), comprising: a cover element (30) and a substrate element (20) formed both of a glass material; a frame element (44) located between said cover element (30) and said substrate element (20) forming a volumetric region (60) of air chamber between them ...

Optical devices having a wavelength-tunable dispersion assembly that has a volume dispersive diffraction grating

High throughput holographic spectrometer using the multiplexed hologram

A sophisticated volume hologram for dispersing an incident optical signal with uniform spectrum over an input plane to an output pattern with non-uniform spatial-spectral information, where the sophisticated volume hologram includes a plurality of holograms that map different input wavelengths into different locations on an output plane. The system further includes a detector for receiving and detecting light dispersed by the sophisticated volume hologram.

Volume or stacked holographic diffraction gratings for wavelength division multiplexing and spectroscopy

A volume diffraction grating having a substrate and an optically active layer has a structure formed in the optically active layer. The structure is operational to diffract optical signals in two selected spectral bands. The grating may be formed in a high dispersion embodiment suitable for separating individual signals from composite signals of both spectral bands. Alternatively, the grating may be formed in a low dispersion version which can separate the composite signals from each other. In another embodiment, a second structure is formed in the optically active layer. Each of the structures is configured to be operational in one of the spectral bands, allowing signals in each band to be diffracted independently of one another. In another embodiment, the structure (s) may have a curved profile allowing the diffracted beams to be shaped or focused without the need for external lenses.

Short-wave infrared super-continuum lasers for detecting counterfeit or illicit drugs and pharmaceutical process control

A measurement system includes a wearable measurement device for measuring one or more physiological parameters, including a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) configured to generate an output optical beam with a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers. The light source is configured to increase signal-to-noise ratio by increasing a light intensity and pulse rate of the LEDs. The system includes a plurality of lenses configured to receive the output optical beam and to deliver an analysis output beam to a sample. The wearable measurement device includes a receiver configured to process the analysis output beam reflected or transmitted from the sample and to generate an output signal that may be transmitted to a remote device configured to process the received output status to generate processed data and to store the processed data.

VERY HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Optical System

The invention concerns an optical system. The optical system comprises an input for receiving an optical signal, a predetermined output plane, and a diffraction grating for separating the optical signal received at the input into spectral elements thereof. The grating has a diffraction surface, which is formed by a photolithography process. The diffraction surface has a first predetermined profile. The first profile is formed by a plurality of points each conducted by different equations. Consequently, each spectral component is focused on the predetermined output plane.

Spectrograph with multiplexing of different wavelength regions onto a single opto-electric detector array

An optical spectrograph utilizes a plurality of holographic transmission optical gratings operative to receive an incoming source of light to be analyzed and diffract the light such that different spectral components impinge upon spatially separated regions of an opto-electronic detector. Various grating configurations are disclosed, including a physical stack of gratings conducive to extreme compactness, as well as a spaced-apart configuration used to preclude spectral cross talk in certain configurations. Diverging light emerging from a fiber-optic bundle is collimated by a first lens assembly prior to passing through the gratings, and a second lens assembly is used to focus the diffracted light onto the detectors, preferably in the form of a two-dimensional CCD array.

Nanostructure based article, optical sensor and analytical instrument and method of forming same

An apparatus includes a substrate transmissive of electromagnetic energy of at least a plurality of wavelengths, having a first end, a second end, a first major face, a second major face, at least one edge, a length, a width, and a thickness, at least a first nanostructure that selectively extracts electromagnetic energy of a first set of wavelengths from the substrate; and an input optic oriented and positioned to provide electromagnetic energy into the substrate via at least one of the first or the second major face of the substrate. Nanostructures can take the form of photonic crystal arrays, a plasmonic structure arrays, or holographic diffraction gratings. The apparatus may be part of a spectrometer.

System configured for measuring physiological parameters

A wearable device for measuring physiological parameters includes a light source having a plurality of semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) each configured to generate an output optical beam, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical beam wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength. The light source is configured to increase signal-to-noise ratio by increasing light intensity for at least one of the LEDs and by increasing a pulse rate of at least one of the LEDs. A lens is configured to receive the output optical beam and to deliver a lens output beam to tissue. A detection system generates an output signal in response to the lens output beam reflected from the tissue, wherein the detection system is configured to be synchronized to the light source, and is located a different distance from a first one of the LEDs than a second one of the LEDs.

Time-of-flight measurement of skin or blood using array of laser diodes with Bragg reflectors

A blood measurement system comprises an array of laser diodes, to generate light to penetrate tissue comprising skin, having one or more wavelengths, including a near-infrared wavelength, and Bragg reflector(s). At least one of the laser diodes to pulse at a pulse repetition rate between 1-100 megahertz. A detection system to measure blood in veins based at least in part on near-infrared diffuse reflection from the skin, the detection system comprising a photo-detector and a lens system coupled to the photo-detector, wherein the photo-detector is coupled to analog-to-digital converter(s) and a processor, and configured to measure absorption of hemoglobin in the near-infrared wavelength between 700-1300 nanometers, differentiate between regions in the skin with and without distinct veins, and implement pattern matching and a threshold function to correlate detected blood concentrations with a library of known concentrations to determine overlap.