СИСТЕМА ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к системам и способам обнаружения и измерения газов в образце, а более конкретно к системам абсорбционной спектроскопии и способам количественного определения редких веществ (например, сероводорода) в образце газа, например в образце природного газа. Заявленная спектроскопическая система для измерения следового уровня и/или ультраследового уровня содержания сероводорода в образце природного газа содержит: лазер для генерации выходного пучка в совокупности из одного или более дискретных или непрерывных диапазонов длин волн при частоте сканирования от примерно 0,1 Гц до примерно 1000 Гц в указанной совокупности из одной или более дискретных или непрерывных диапазонов длин волн; передающую оптику для направления и/или формирования выходного пучка от лазера к образцу природного газа; оптический детектор для приема света из образца природного газа и выработки детекторного сигнала, соответствующего принятому свету; и процессор вычислительного устройства и запоминающее устройство ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ НЕИНВАЗИВНОГО ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА В ОРГАНИЗМЕ

Раскрыт способ и устройство для неинвазивного определения концентрации вещества в организме, например глюкозы в крови человека. Устройство измеряет концентрацию вещества посредством регистрации излучения в дальней инфракрасной области, излучаемого организмом, посредством использования инфракрасного излучения регистрируемого в сочетании с набором соответствующих фильтров. Для достижения требуемой точности значение излучения, определенное детектором, корректируется с учетом излучения компонентов системы. Температура каждого компонента системы, включая температуру детектора и температуру окружающей среды, определяется с помощью температурных датчиков, прикрепленных к различным компонентам системы. Эти температуры соответствуют набору заданных калибровочных параметров для коррекции показаний детектора. 3 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЭКСТРАКОРПОРАЛЬНОЙ ОЧИСТКИ КРОВИ И СПОСОБ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ ИСТОЧНИКА ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ В НЕМ

Группа изобретений относится к медицинской технике. Устройство содержит диализатор, линию подачи свежего диализирующего раствора, сливную линию, присоединенную к диализатору, и измерительное устройство, расположенное в сливной линии для оценки поглощения отработанным диализирующим раствором, протекающим по сливной линии, и содержащее источник излучения для излучения монохроматического электромагнитного излучения, а также детекторную систему для определения интенсивности электромагнитного излучения. Электронный регулятор обеспечен для регулирования интенсивности источника излучения таким образом, чтобы обеспечить возможность определения предварительно заданных интенсивностей после поглощения свежим диализирующим раствором и/или без поглощения свежим диализирующим раствором в детекторной системе для компенсации изменений, которые возникают в интенсивности электромагнитного излучения источника излучения и/или чувствительности детекторной системы. Регулятор температуры служит для регулирования ...

АНТЕННА ТЕРАГЕРЦОВОГО ЧАСТОТНОГО ДИАПАЗОНА

Изобретение относится к антенне терагерцового частотного диапазона, в частности к перестраиваемой антенне терагерцового частотного диапазона на основе полупроводникового материала. Антенна содержит полупроводниковую пленку (3) на пьезоэлектрическом материале (10), имеющую поверхность, приспособленную для проявления поверхностных плазмонов в терагерцовом частотном диапазоне. Поверхность полупроводниковой пленки (3) структурируется с помощью конструкции антенны (4), выполненной с возможностью поддержки локализованных поверхностных плазмонных резонансов в терагерцовом частотном диапазоне. Изобретение позволяет повысить чувствительность и избирательность. 4 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ГЛУБИНЫ ПРОНИКНОВЕНИЯ ПОЛЯ ИНФРАКРАСНЫХ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ПЛАЗМОН-ПОЛЯРИТОНОВ В ВОЗДУХ

Изобретение относится к бесконтактным методам исследования поверхности посредством инфракрасного (ИК) и терагерцового (ТГц) излучения. Устройство для измерения глубины проникновения поля инфракрасных поверхностных плазмон-поляритонов (ППП) в воздух содержит источник непоглощаемого воздухом р-поляризованного монохроматического излучения, цилиндрический фокусирующий объектив, образец в виде выпуклого цилиндрического сегмента с осевой линией, ориентированной перпендикулярно плоскости падения и радиусом кривизны много больше длины волны излучения. При этом арочная поверхность образца способна направлять ППП и ограничена в плоскости падения с обеих сторон перпендикулярными ей прямоугольными рёбрами, а длина дуги одного порядка с длиной распространения ППП. Устройство содержит элемент преобразования ППП в объёмную волну, однопиксельный фотоприёмник, подключённый к гальванометру и ориентированный перпендикулярно треку ППП непрозрачный плоский экран с внедряемой в поле ППП клиновидной кромкой, ...

ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ, ОПТИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И ТЕРАГЕРЦЕВОЕ СПЕКТРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО С РАЗРЕШЕНИЕМ ПО ВРЕМЕНИ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩЕЕ В СЕБЯ ЭТО УСТРОЙСТВО

Предложенный оптический элемент включает в себя полупроводниковый слой, имеющий ширину запрещенной энергетической зоны, превышающую энергию фотонов света, и множество электродов в электрическом контакте с полупроводниковым слоем. По меньшей мере, один из электродов образует барьер Шотки между электродом и полупроводниковым слоем, причем этот барьер Шотки имеет высоту барьера, меньшую, чем энергия фотонов света. По меньшей мере, часть переходной поверхности между электродом, который образует барьер Шотки, и полупроводниковым слоем включает в себя облучаемую светом поверхность, расположенную с возможностью облучения светом с поверхности полупроводникового слоя без электродов, и участок обеспечивающей взаимодействие структуры, выполненной с возможностью взаимодействия с терагерцевой волной, которая генерируется или обнаруживается посредством облучения светом. Изобретение обеспечивает возможность повышения эффективности генерирования терагерцевых волн. 3 н. и 5 з.п. ф-лы, 2 пр., 6 ил.

ПРОЗРАЧНОМЕР МОРСКОЙ ВОДЫ

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и предназначено для измерения показателя ослабления направленного света (прозрачности) в морской воде in situ. Прозрачномер содержит герметичный контейнер с двумя идентичными объективами-иллюминаторами в виде идентичных плосковыпуклых линз заданных размеров, в котором размещены: источник излучения в виде многоцветного светодиода; ограничивающая диафрагма; светоделительное устройство в виде тонкой прозрачной частично отражающей пластины с большим показателем преломления; прерыватель пучков излучения в виде управляемой поворотной шторки в форме сектора тонкостенного цилиндра; приемник излучения; диафрагма приемника излучения. Опорный и измерительный каналы выведены в исследуемую среду и содержат две идентичные отражающие триппель-призмы, установленные напротив соответствующих объективов иллюминаторов на заданных расстояниях от них. Триппель-призма опорного канала установлена на максимально близком расстоянии от объектива-иллюминатора этого канала ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ НЕИНВАЗИВНОГО ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА В ОРГАНИЗМЕ

... 1. Система для неинвазивного измерения вещества в организме, содержащая:детектор, выполненный с возможностью регистрировать излучение, излучаемое или переизлучаемое организмом;оптическую подсистему, выполненную с возможностью фокусировать излучение на чувствительной области детектора; иодин или более термодатчиков, прикрепленных к одному или более из множества элементов оптической подсистемы и к детектору.2. Система по п.1, в которой температура одного или более из множества элементов оптической подсистемы и температура детектора сопоставляются с набором заданных компенсационных параметров, хранящихся в справочной таблице, для компенсации влияния на неинвазивное измерение температуры каждого из одного или более из множества элементов и детектора, температуры окружающей среды и температуры, измеренной на поверхности организма.3. Система по п.1, в которой детектор содержит датчик энергии инфракрасного излучения.4. Система по п.3, в которой датчик энергии инфракрасного излучения содержит термоэлектрический ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УФ-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ГАЗООБРАЗНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ

... 1. Устройство (20) для УФ-спектрометрического анализа газообразных соединений, причем указанное устройство (20) содержит:- измерительный канал (5), предназначенный для того, чтобы вмещать поток пробного газа, подлежащего анализу,- оконный элемент (16), прозрачный для ультрафиолетового излучения, который размещен на первом конце (5a) измерительного канала (5),- источник (11) излучения, способный генерировать ультрафиолетовое излучение, который скомпонован для того, чтобы испускать излучение через оконный элемент (16) и внутрь измерительного канала (5),- спектрографический элемент (3) для измерения ультрафиолетового излучения, испускаемого источником (11) излучения, размещенный на втором, противоположном конце (5b) измерительного канала (5),при этом устройство (20) скомпоновано так, что ультрафиолетовое излучение, входящее в измерительный канал (5) на первом конце (5a), может распространяться через измерительный канал (5), взаимодействовать с размещенным газом и подвергаться измерению спектрографическим ...

АНТЕННА ТЕРАГЕРЦОВОГО ЧАСТОТНОГО ДИАПАЗОНА

... 1. Антенна терагерцового частотного диапазона, содержащая:полупроводниковую пленку (3), имеющую поверхность, приспособленную для проявления поверхностных плазмонов в терагерцовом частотном диапазоне,при этом поверхность полупроводниковой пленки (3) структурируется для образования конструкции антенны (4), выполненной с возможностью поддержки локализованных поверхностных плазменных резонансов в терагерцовом частотном диапазоне, при этом полупроводниковая пленка (3) предоставляется на пьезоэлектрическом материале (10).2. Антенна терагерцового частотного диапазона по п.1, в которой конструкция антенны (4) содержит по меньшей мере два элемента (4а, 4b), структурированные в или на поверхности полупроводниковой пленки (3) и разнесенные друг от друга в направлении параллельно поверхности полупроводниковой пленки на зазор (g).3. Антенна терагерцового частотного диапазона по п.2, в которой зазор (g) имеет ширину (Δ) в диапазоне между 10 нм и 10 мкм, предпочтительно между 50 нм и 200 нм.4. Антенна ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ РАЗЛИЧЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ, ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВЕННО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕСТОПОЛОЖЕНИЯ РАСТЕНИЯ

Устройство и способ предназначены для избирательного уничтожения сорняков при обработке возделываемых сельскохозяйственных культур. Для обеспечения избирательного уничтожения осуществляется высокоскоростная модуляция двух излучателей света 201, 202. Каждый излучатель испускает излучение с отличающейся длиной волны. Модуляция, реализуемая посредством включения и выключения одного излучателя, сдвинута по фазе приблизительно на 90по отношению к модуляции подсвечиваемого участка поверхности. Световые лучи 203, 204, формируемые излучателями, отражаются от растения 206 или почвы и принимаются фотоприемником. Поскольку растения имеют характерную спектральную отражательную способность в областях электромагнитного спектра, которую можно отличить от спектральной отражательной способности фона, относительные амплитуды отраженного излучения на двух длинах волн излучателей меняются в зависимости от того от растения или от почвы отражается излучение. Отношение излучений на двух длинах волн, принимаемых ...

СИСТЕМА ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ГАЗА

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГА КОМПОНЕНТОВ ИЛИ СВОЙСТВ ИЗМЕРЯЕМОЙ СРЕДЫ, В ЧАСТНОСТИ, ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КРОВИ

... 1. Устройство для определения и мониторинга компонентов или свойств измеряемой среды, в частности, значений физиологических показателей крови, содержащее:по меньшей мере один источник света (20; 20а, 20b) для генерации света в широком диапазоне (2, 2а, 2b) длин волн для воздействия на область измерения (3; 3', 3''), предпочтительно, содержащего, по меньшей мере, диапазон длин волн от 500 до 850 нм и/или от 800 до 1200 нм, в частности, светоизлучающий диод;средство для спектрального разложения анализируемого света (4), причем анализируемый свет (4) является отраженным светом по меньшей мере от одного места измерения (3; 3', 3'') или светом, прошедшим через место измерения;двумерную матрицу-датчик (11), в частности, двумерную КМОП матрицу для регистрации разложенного в спектр анализируемого света (13), причем матрица-датчик размещена таким образом, что свет с разными длинами волн попадает на различные точки матрицы-датчика (11);при этом устройство (1), предпочтительно, имеет корпус (16) и ...

ДАТЧИК ДЫМА

Spektralphotometer.

Integrierte Optik für Spektrometer

Ferninfrarot-Spektralvorrichtung und Ferninfrarot-Spektralverfahren

Bei einem IS-TPG-Verfahren, bei dem Laser mit zwei verschiedenen Wellenlängen verwendet werden, um wellenlängenvariables Licht im fernen Infrarot zu erzeugen, wird ein Licht im fernen Infrarot (TPG-Licht), das eine instabile Ausgabe bei einer breiten Wellenlänge aufweist, gleichzeitig mit nur einem Laserlicht geringfügig erzeugt. Das erzeugte IS-TPG und das TPG-Licht werden nach dem Durchgehen durch eine Probe innerhalb eines nichtlinearen optischen Kristalls zur Detektion in Licht im nahen Infrarot umgesetzt und durch einen Detektor beobachtet. Die Signallichtausgabe des IS-TPG-Lichts wird aufgrund des TPG-Lichts instabil. Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das TPG-Licht mittels eines Spalts und dergleichen (Filters) unmittelbar vor der Probe entfernt und wird nicht in den nichtlinearen optischen Kristall zur Detektion eingeleitet. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt wird unter Verwendung einer Änderung der Emissionsrichtung, wenn die Frequenz des IS-TPG-Lichts geändert wird, das Filter in Übereinstimmung ...

Photodetector with positively charged acceptor impurities in a shallow acceptor-doped semiconductor quantum well structure

A photodetector, having positively charged acceptor impurities (A<+> centers) in a shallow acceptor-doped semiconductor quantum well layer structure with its offset lying in the valence band, is new. An Independent claim is also included for a method of producing the above photodetector comprising deposition of a Si/SiGe/Si quantum well structure on an n-conducting Si substrate and selective boron doping by molecular beam epitaxy or CVD.

Absorptionsspektrometer

Absorptionsspektrometer mit einer Basis (2), einem Arm (3), einer Lichtquelle (9), einem Detektor (10) und einem Lager (22), wobei die Basis (2) ein Basisfenster (7) und ein Element von Lichtquelle (9) und Detektor (10) aufweist und der Arm (3) ein Armfenster (8) und das andere Element von Lichtquelle (9) und Detektor (10) aufweist, wobei der Arm (3) mittels des Lagers (22) drehbar an der Basis (2) befestigt ist, um den Arm (3) relativ zu der Basis (2) um eine Rotationsachse (21), die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Fenstern (7, 8) ist, in eine offene Stellung des Arms (3) zu rotieren, in der die Fenster (7, 8) derart voneinander getrennt sind, dass sie von außerhalb zugänglich sind, und der Arm (3) mittels des Lagers (22) in eine geschlossene Stellung des Arms (3) bewegbar ist, in der ein geschlossener Probenraum (20) zwischen und von den Fenstern (7, 8) begrenzt gebildet ist und von der Lichtquelle (9) emittiertes Licht durch die Fenster (7, 8) und den Probenraum (20) passierbar ist ...

Erkennung einer Verunreinigung und/oder einer Eigenschaft zumindest eines Teils einer Textilie

Es wird insbesondere ein Verfahren durchgeführt von einer oder mehreren Vorrichtungen offenbart, das Verfahren umfassend: Erhalten einer Intensitätsinformation repräsentativ für ein von einer Verunreinigung einer Textilie und/oder für ein von zumindest einem Teil einer Textilie resultierendes Spektralbild; Ermitteln von mindestens einer von der Verunreinigung der Textilie und/oder von zumindest einer Eigenschaft der Textilie abhängigen Ausgangsgröße aus der Intensitätsinformation, wobei die Ausgangsgröße mittels eines adaptiven Auswertealgorithmus, insbesondere ein künstliches neuronales Netz, bestimmt wird, wobei Parameter des adaptiven Auswertealgorithmus anhand einer Vielzahl von Trainingsfällen kalibriert werden; Ausgeben oder Auslösen eines Ausgebens der mindestens einen Ausgangsgröße. Ferner wird eine Vorrichtung und ein System zum Durchführen des gegenständlichen Verfahrens offenbart.

Multielement-Atomabsorptionsspektrometer sowie Meßverfahren unter Nutzung eines solchen Atomabsorptionsspektrometers

Messvorrichtung für biologisches Material

Eine Steuerung korrigiert ein Spektrum S (λ), das bei einer Wellenlänge λ des Signallichts erfasst wird, zu S' (λ) gemäß den folgenden Ausdrücken:undwobei 11 die Intensität des bei der Wellenlänge λ1 von Referenzlicht erfassten Infrarotlichts und 12 die Intensität der bei einer Wellenlänge λ2 von Korrekturlicht erfassten Infrarotlichts ist.

Verfahren zur Bestimmung von chemischen Bestandteilen von festen oder flüssigen Substanzen mit Hilfe der THz-Spektroskopie

Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von chemischen Bestandteilen von festen oder flüssigen Substanzen mit Hilfe der THz-Spektroskopie, bei welchem die Substanzen durch die THz-Strahlung in Schwingungen verseile detektiert werden und das jeweilige Reflexionsspektrum ausgewertet wird, soll unter erschwerten Randbedingungen bei unterschiedlichsten atmosphärischen Wasserdampfkonzentrationen einsetzbar sein. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass vor der Auswertung des jeweiligen Reflexionsspektrums das jeweils detektierte Rohspektrum einer Vorbehandlung unterzogen wird, wobei in einem ersten Vorbehandlungsschritt der Einfluss der Wasserbanden im jeweiligen Rohspektrum durch Spike-Filter eliminiert wird, in einem zweiten Vorbehandlungsschritt das jeweilige Rohspektrum einer Basislinienkorrektur unterzogen wird und in einem dritten Vorbehandlungsschritt hochfrequente Anteile des Rohspektrums durch Glättung eliminiert werden.

Gassensor und Verfahren zum Detektieren wenigstens einer Gaskomponente

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gassensor (5) zum Detektieren wenigstens einer Gaskomponente. Der Gassensor (5) umfasst einen photonischen Kristall (1), welcher eine Mehrzahl von in wenigstens eine Raumrichtung periodisch angeordneten Strukturelementen (2) aufweist. Der photonische Kristall (1) weist des Weiteren wenigstens eine Störstelle auf, durch welche wenigstens ein Resonator (12) für elektromagnetische Strahlung einer Wellenlänge gebildet ist, welche von der wenigstens einen Gaskomponente absorbierbar ist. Der Gassensor (5) umfasst einen Detektor (55), welcher als von dem photonischen Kristall (1) verschiedenes Bauelement ausgebildet und dazu ausgelegt ist, von dem wenigstens einen Resonator (12) abgegebene elektromagnetische Strahlung zu detektieren. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Detektieren wenigstens einer Gaskomponente.

Fourier-Spektrometer mit einem Mehrmoden-Quantenkaskadenlaser, und Verfahren zur spektroskopischen Untersuchung einer Probe

Ein Fourier-Spektrometer zur spektroskopischen Untersuchung einer Probe umfasst einen Mehrmoden-Quantenkaskadenlaser (QCL), der eine aktive QCL-Region in einem Laserresonator, die zur Erzeugung von Laserlicht mit Emissionsfrequenzen gemäß einer Vielzahl von Resonatormoden des Laserresonators konfiguriert ist, eine Anregungseinrichtung, die zur elektrischen Anregung der aktiven QCL-Region mittels eines elektrischen Pumpstroms konfiguriert ist, und eine Abstimmeinrichtung enthält, mit der die Resonatormoden einstellbar sind, ein Interferometer zur Erzeugung eines auf dem Laserlicht basierenden Interferogramms, eine Detektoreinrichtung zur Detektion des Interferogramms nach einer Wechselwirkung mit der Probe und zur Erfassung eines Detektorsignals, welches das detektierte Interferogramm beinhaltet, innerhalb einer Detektormesszeit, und eine Auswertungseinrichtung, die zur Erfassung eines Spektrums der Probe durch eine Fourier-Transformation des detektierten Interferogramms konfiguriert ist ...

Messsystem zur Bestimmung des spektral aufgelösten gerichteten Reflexionsgrades von Spiegelproben

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Messsystem zur Bestimmung des spektral aufgelösten gerichteten Reflexionsgrades von Spiegelproben (3), mit einem Strahlungserzeuger (5) zur Erzeugung von kollimierter elektromagentischer Strahlung (7) von definierter Wellenlänge und einer Strahlungsdetektorvorrichtung (21) mit einem Strahlungssammler (22) und mindestens einem Strahlungsdetektor (27a, 27b), wobei die kollimierte elektromagentische Strahlung (7) auf die Spiegelprobe (3) gestrahlt wird und die von der Spiegelprobe (3) reflektierte Strahlung (7a) mit der Strahlungsdetektorvorrichtung (21) detektiert wird, wobei der Strahlungssammler (22) eine Eintrittsöffnung (23) mit einer vorgegebenen Größe aufweist und ein Strahlungskonzentrator (19) von der Spiegelprobe (3) reflektierte kollimierte elektromagentische Strahlung (7a) auf die (23) Eintrittsöffnung konzentriert.

Verfahren zur Langzeitdokumentation der Farbigkeit von Kunstwerken II

Ein Verfahren zur Dokumentation der Farbigkeit von Kunstwerken wird vorgestellt, indem die UV/Vis-Absorptionsspektren farbiger Bestandteile Gaußanalysen unterworfen werden. Mit stark reduzierten Datensätzen lässt sich damit die Farbigkeit ohne Beeinflussung durch eine äußere Beleuchtung auch langfristig charakterisieren und dokumentieren. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann auch dazu verwendet werden, die Echtheit von Kunstwerken zu authentifizieren.

Registrierendes Spektralphotometer

Spektrometervorrichtung und ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Spektrometervorrichtung

Die Erfindung schafft eine Spektrometervorrichtung (10) mit zumindest einer Lichtquelle (11) zum Bestrahlen einer Probe (18) mit Licht, einer optischen Erfassungseinrichtung (12) zum Erfassen des von der Probe (18) gestreuten Lichts, mindestens einer optischen Filtereinrichtung (13), welche vor und/oder hinter der Probe (18) angeordnet ist, einer Kontaktsensoreinrichtung (15,16) zum Ermitteln eines Kontakts (19) zwischen der Probe und der Spektrometervorrichtung (10) und zum Ausgeben eines entsprechenden Ausgangssignals, einer Steuereinrichtung (17) zum Steuern der Lichtquelle (11) und der Erfassungseinrichtung (12) ansprechend auf das Ausgangssignal, wobei die Steuereinrichtung (17) derart gestaltet ist, dass sie zumindest einen Betriebsparameter der Lichtquelle (11) und der Erfassungseinrichtung (12) ändert, wenn das Ausgangssignal den Kontakt (19) zwischen der Probe und der Spektrometervorrichtung (10) anzeigt. Die Erfindung schafft außerdem ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Spektrometervorrichtung ...

Doppelbuendelspektrometer

Verfahren und Anordnung zur Erfassung des wellenlängenabhängigen Verhaltens einer beleuchteten Probe

Verfahren zur Laserscanmikroskopie, bei dem eine spektrale Zerlegung des Detektionslichtes in Spektralkomponenten und eine Zuordnung der einzelnen Spektralkomponenten zu Detektionskanälen erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Detektionskanäle zu beliebig wählbaren Kanalbereichen zusammenfaßbar sind, die der weiteren Auswertung zuführbar sind.

Spektrophotometer

Spektroskopieverfahren

Spektroskopieverfahren bei dem in einer Spektroskopievorrichtung (1) zumindest eine Probe zur Ermittlung einer Testspektrallinie/-spektrum wenigstens eines in der Probe enthaltenen Bestandteils angeregt und die transmittierten und/oder emittierten elektromagnetischen Strahlen über ein optisches System mit einem Spektrometer an eine Detektoreinrichtung zur Erfassung der Testspektrallinie/-spektrum zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben der Testspektrallinie/-spektrum unter denselben Parametern, wie Temperatur oder Druck, für ein bekanntes Vergleichsmaterial eine Spektrallinie/-spektrum und eine diese in eine im Hinblick auf vorgegebene Standardwerte der Parameter korrigierte Idealvergleichsspektrallinie/-spektrum umsetzende Transferfunktion ermittelt und diese auf die Testspektrallinie/-spektrum angewandt wird.

Method and system for reduction of influence of baseline distortion in absorption spectroscopy measurements

Analytical test device

Apparatus 1 includes a first light emitter 2 for emitting around a first wavelength; a second light emitter 3 for emitting around a second wavelength; a photodetector 4. The two emitters 2, 3 independently illuminate photodetector 4 via optical path 7, the latter comprising a sample receiving portion 8. At portion 8, a normalised spatial intensity profile generated by the first emitter 2 is substantially equal to that generated by the second emitter 3. This may be achieved by slit, integrating sphere, beam splitters, fibre couplers, or stacked emitters where one is transparent to the wavelength emitted by the other. Emitters may be arrayed in a chessboard pattern; an image sensor may be used. In use, the emitters are alternately activated to obtain a first and second measurement and the difference is calculated by subtracting the two. This may improve signal to noise by removing background absorbance or scatter.

System and method for fluid composition characterization

Systems and methods for predicting fluid composition in a reservoir formation are disclosed. To accurately and efficiently predict the composition of a sample fluid, an absorption spectrum is obtained over a prefixed set of wavelength channels and a set of basis spectra is received for all constituents of interest in the sample fluid. A set of a-priori constraints on the obtained absorption spectrum and constituent properties to be determined is then obtained, before calculating a joint probability distribution of all constituents of interest based on the obtained spectrum, basis spectra and a-priori constraints. In one embodiment, qualitative states are also computed for all constituents of interest based on the obtained spectrum, basis spectra and a-priori constraints.

Disposable sample holder

INFRARED SPECTROMETER

In-situ infra-red & ultra-violet photometer

A photometer 30 for analysing the composition of a sample gas. The photometer comprises an infra-red (IR) source 20 which directs a first plurality of IR pulses through the gas sample to an IR detector 26. At least two of the pulses may be of different wavelengths. The photometer further comprises an ultraviolet (UV) source 32 configured to send a second plurality of pulses of UV radiation for conveyance to a UV detector 36. At least two of the pulses may be of different wavelengths. A path selection arrangement is configured to selectively convey different UV pulses to either the sample gas or UV detector. Processing circuitry selects the wavelength of a given UV pulse, receives detection signals from the two detectors, and determines the concentration of components in the gas sample. The path selection arrangement may include a rotating member with inner and outer annular slots and may comprise a filter wheel 22. The path selection member may comprise light paths, which may be light guides ...

Improvements in or relating to optical measuring or indicating instruments

... 1,089,904. Photo-electric photo-meters. PYE Ltd. July 24, 1965 [July 24, 1963], No. 29289/63. Heading G1A. In a null balance photo-meter, the sample and attenuator beams are derived from different light sources, and the intensity of auxiliary beams from the two sources are compared to control the relative intensities of the sources. Two beams 1, 14 of radiation from a spectrally variable source 12 pass, one through a sample and the other directly to a detector 19. Similar beams 2, 15 from an auxiliary source 13 comprising a filament lamp and an interference filter pass, one through an attenuator 25 and the other directly to the detector. Beam choppers 17 and 18 operate cyclically to direct to the detector the following beams: first quarter cycle, beam 14; second quarter cycle, beam 15; third and fourth quarter cycles; both beams 1 and 2. A synchronous rectifier 22 operating at twice the chopping frequency produces a signal indicative of the difference in intensity of sources 12 and 13 which ...

Differential Absorption Measuring System

... 1,186,623. Measuring light absorption photoelectrically. DURRUM INSTRUMENT CORP. Sept.21, 1967 [Sept.22, 1966], No.43053/67. Heading G1A. The differential absorption of two light beams which fall alternately on a detector is measured by detecting the A. C. component in the detector output and varying the gain of the system in synchronizm with the beam alternation so as to minimize the A. C. component, the gain variation necessary then indicating the differential absorption. The output of photo-multiplier 22a, appears at 57 and depends upon the magnitude of the D. C. shunt comprising selected resistors 46-49 and that part of potentiometer 52 selected by a switch 53. The A. C. component at 57 drives a servomotor 29 to vary the proportions of potentiometer 52 which are connected in the shunt by the switch 53 which is operated in synchronizm with the alternation of the light beams. The relative gain of the system in alternate half cycles is thus adjusted until the output at 57 is substantially ...

Spectrophotometer with noise reduction

A dual beam spectrophotometer comprises an optical section (1), a noise reduction circuit (37) and a signal processing circuit (53). A detector (18) comprising a photomultiplier produces a composite signal comprising interleaved pulse trains representing sample absorbance and reference absorbance. In order to remove the high frequency noise superimposed on the pulse trains without altering the relative amplitudes of the pulses the composite signal is passed through the noise reduction circuit (37) before being applied to the signal processing circuit (53). The noise reduction circuit (37) comprises an integrator (38), a switch (43) for setting the integrator output to zero at the start of each pulse of the composite signal and a sample and hold circuit (47) which samples the integrator output at the end of each pulse. Switches (43, 45, 48) comprise field effect transistors which are controlled by pulses (S1, S2, S3) derived from a beam splitting device (5). ...

PHOTODIODE ARRAY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR

Domed gas sensor

Optimisation of the laser operating point in a laser absorption spectrometer

An operating value of a first laser parameter of a laser device in a laser absorption spectrometer is optimised. The wavelength of laser device emitted light is adjusted by the first or a second laser parameter. The laser absorption spectrometer 100 comprises a lightintensity detector 120 measuring the laser light intensity from the laser device 110. For each of multiple values of the first laser parameter 112: the light intensity detector measures light intensity obtained across a range of second laser parameter values 114, and an extremum in the light intensity measure and a peak position for the extremum are identified. A range of first laser parameter values is identified within the values of the first laser parameter forwhich there is a continuous trend in changes to the identified peak position with changes to the first laser parameter. The first laser parameter operating value is set to be within the identified range. The laser parameters may comprise the laser diode temperature ...

Single and double-beam spectrophotometer

A spectrophotometer which can be used selectively as a single-beam and a double-beam type and comprises a light source, a monochromator, a chopper mirror for causing the monochromatic light beam from the monochromator to alternately advance along a first and a second path, in which a reference and a sample cell are disposed respectively, a beam combiner for causing the alternate beams to advance along a common path leading to a photoelectric detector, and a mirror movable for selective positioning in and out of the monochromatic light beam between the monochromator and the chopper mirror.

Spectrophotometer having exchangeable integrating spheres

A spectrophotometer provided with a plurality of integrating spheres of different types which can be selectively and exchangeably used in accordance with the type of a sample to be measured and the purpose of the measurement.

Far-infrared spectroscopy device

The far-infrared spectroscopic apparatus includes a wavelength-tunable far-infrared light source that generates first far-infrared light, an illumination optical system that irradiates the first far-infrared light onto the sample, a second A far-infrared light imaging optical system for forming an image of the sample on the nonlinear optical crystal for detection, The irradiation position of the first far-infrared light on the sample does not depend on the wavelength of the first far-infrared light ...

Tracking accuracy control for analysers

... 942,874. Photo-electric spectrometers. BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS Inc. March 17,1961 [March 21,1960], No. 9766/61. Heading G1A. The invention relates to double beam spectrometers of the type in which light is alternately passed through the substance to be investigated and through an adjustable attenuator. The two beams are recombined and directed through a variable monochromator to a thermocouple or like detector whose output is fed back to adjust the attenuator. In such a spectrometer it is possible to use an integrator to smooth the signal controlling the attenuator in order to eliminate the spurious high-frequency noise signals. This arrangement, however, results in an error in instantaneous reading which becomes more serious the greater the rate of variation of the detector signal. According to the invention this error is minimized by either reducing the time constant of the integrating circuit or reducing the rate of change of frequency in the monochromator (or both) when large changes in ...

A THZ investigation apparatus and method

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Substrate measurement by infrared spectroscopy

System installed on an aircraft

A system installed on an aircraft comprising a memory storing static information at least one optical fibre grating 302; and an interrogator 308 which includes a light source 314 to transmit interrogation light to memory, a receiver 316 to receive return light from the memory, and an analyser 318 configured to analyse return light reading the stored static information. The memory and (or) the interrogator may form a part of a replaceable unit, removable through breakage of optical connections between memory and system, and which may comprise sensors (502 fig 5). The replaceable unit may include an actuator, avionics computer or remote data concentrator. The optical fibre may include Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) arranged in an optical fibre grating chain, each fibre grating storing static information in binary format (figure 1). In another embodiment the system comprises first and second memories each holding different static information and which are interrogated simultaneously by a single ...

CRYOSTATIC DEVICE

... 1456352 Cryostats COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE 9 April 1975 [22 April 1974] 14542/75 Headings F4H and F4U [Also in Division G2] A cryostatic device for use in low-temperature spectrometry comprises a double-walled opentopped vessel 2 containing a cryogenic liquid bath 38, a mirror M which supports a sample 6 and is immersed in the said liquid, and a housing E which surrounds the vessel 2 and includes at at least one open aperture 10 located below the level of the open top of the vessel 2. The sample and a mirror M are supported by a suspension carriage 8. Reflecting surfaces 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 are provided in the housing for use in infra-red spectrometry experiments. The housing also includes a heat reflecting lining 26 and is provided with a port 28 having a glove 32, a port 30 fitted with a manipulating device 34, and a transparent viewing port 36. A liquefied gas inlet pipe 40, Fig. 2 is integral with the double-walls of the vessel. A calibrated leak valve 50 is provided beneath ...

Spectro photometer

... 789,409. Photo-electric photometry. ZEISSSTIFTUNG, C., [trading as ZEISS, C. [Firm of]]. Nov. 16, 1955 [Nov. 20, 1954], No. 32731/55. Class 40 (3). A device for determining the spectral characteristics of a sample comprises a monochromator 1, the light from which is split by a transparent plate 2 as of glass so as to pass through the sample in a cell 6 on to a mirror 3 and through a comparision substance in a cell 7 on to a mirror 4 disposed at the same distance from splitter 2 as the mirror 3. The mirrors 3, 4 return the split beams to the beam splitter and choppers 8, 9 are provided so that the returned beams pass alternately to a photo-cell 5 associated with an amplifier 10 and measuring instrument 11. The mirrors 3, 4 are adjusted so that the split beams fall on the photo-cell at the same angle of incidence. Partially reflecting layers may be coated on each side of the glass plate 2 or the beam splitters may consist of three slightly air-separated quartz plates.

Improvements in or relating to double beam spectrometers

... 790,434. Photo-electric spectrometers. PARSONS & CO., Ltd., C. A. March 23, 1956 [April 13, 1955], No. 10607/55. Class 40 (3). In a double-beam spectrometer a chopping means alternately passes and blocks the radiation beams for substantially equal periods before they enter a monochromator whose associated output detector produces an electric signal which is amplified and applied to filter circuits selecting a signal at the chopping frequency and a signal at half that frequency, these signals being fed to comparison means. In the embodiment described, shutter D, apertured in 90 degrees arcs, as shown in Fig. 1b, is rotated in synchronism with the reciprocating motion of a pair of plane mirrors C driven as described in Specification 666,270. The electrical output of the radiation detector (see Fig. 3), is applied via high-gain amplifier 2 provided with filter circuits 3, 4, one selecting the component at the chopping frequency whose amplitude is proportional to the radiation energy A traversing ...

Method and apparatus for oil condition monitoring

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Ratio measuring spectrophotometer

... 901,230. Automatic voltage control systems. BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL CO. Sept. 9, 1959 [Sept. 22, 1958], No. 30756/59. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XL (b)] Reference pulses produced in the output of a photo-multiplier cell employed in a spectrophotometer (see Group XL (b)) are stabilized in amplitude against variation of the cell sensitivity with the wavelength of the measuring radiation by varying the D.C. supply to the cell. The pulses, which appear over lead 228 and are of negative polarity, are applied to charge a capacitor 226 in the opposite direction to coincident positive pulses of standard amplitude, which appear over lead 224, whereby the capacitor acquires a potential representative of any difference. The difference potential also appears on a capacitor 246 which is associated with a synchronous chopper 236 operating at pulse repetition frequency (60 c/s.). The chopper functions to produce an alternating signal of amplitude and sign determined by the amplitude and polarity of the ...

SPECTROPHOTOMETERS

... 1521585 Spectrophotometers PERKIN ELMER CORP 16 Aug 1976 [9 Sept 1975] 34050/76 Heading G2J In a spectrophotometer, sample and reference beams are directed along a common axis to the photo-detector 96 by a beam combining member 30 having a reflective surface formed by a plurality of substantially parallel V-shaped grooves. The angle # between the side walls of each groove is chosen to be between 90 and 120 degrees and to be less than twice the angle between the main axis of the sample (or reference) beam and the axis perpendicular to the plane of the member 30, so as to avoid flare, particularly when the beams are converging or diverging. Suggested suitable values for these angles are 117 and 63 degrees, respectively. Fig. 5 shows the mirror arrangement for directing beams along sample and reference paths, including plane mirrors 80, 82, toroidal mirrors 84, 86 for converging the beams onto sample and reference locations 88, 90. Extra mirror 92 renders the reference beam equivalent to the ...

Improvements in mirror systems, particularly for infra-red spectral apparatus

... 830,273. Optical systems. ZEISS JENA C. VEB. Sept. 25, 1956, No. 29312/56. Class 97(1) A mirror system particularly for infrared spectral apparatus, for obtaining two identical images of a linear light source comprises two concave mirrors of equal curvature with their optic axes parallel and combined with plane mirrors so that the central rays of the beams between each plane mirror and its associated concave mirror are parallel. The system may be used in reverse to produce a single image from two identical images. As shown light from a source L is focused by a concave mirror 13 on to a rotating mirror 11 the beam reflected by the latter being directed by a plane mirror 6 to a concave mirror 9 which forms an image O 1 of the source and the beam passing the mirror 11 being reflected by plane mirrors 7, 8 to a concave mirror 10 to form an image O 2 , the axes of the mirrors 9, 10 being parallel and the axes of the beams between the mirrors 8, 10 and 6, 9 also being parallel. The rotating mirror ...

An attenuated total reflection crystal fabricated from diamond material

DOME GAS SENSOR

PROCEDURE AND MECHANISM FOR THE ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

PROCEDURE FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF A SPECTROPHOTOMETER

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF LIQUIDS

SPEKTRALPHOTOMETER FOR MEASUREMENT WITH AN OPPOSITE OUTER LIGHT OPEN MESSZELLE

DEVICE FOR EXTRAKORPORALEN BLOOD TREATMENT

MINIATURISIERTES SPEKTROMETER

SPEKTROMETER

The invention relates to a spectrometer (1) for examining the substances a fluid (2) contains, having a housing (3) with a light source (4) arranged therein and a detector (5) arranged therein, wherein the light from the light source (4) with a specified spectral range (??) is guided through a transmitting window (7) through the fluid (2) to be examined and through a receiving window (8) to the detector (5), wherein the light source (4) is formed by a plurality of light-emitting diodes (10) which are connected to control electronics (11) and are configured for emitting light of different wavelength ranges (??i) within the specified spectral range (??). In order to provide as cost-effective a spectrometer (1) as possible with a small structural size, provision is made for the detector (5) to be configured for receiving the light in the entire specified spectral range (??) and for the control electronics (11) to be configured for sequentially actuating the light-emitting diodes (10), and ...

PROCEDURE FOR LUBRICATING A HAULAGE SYSTEM

SPECTROMETER.

PROCEDURE AND MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR THE REGULATION AT LEAST A LUMINESCENCE, FLOURESZENZ OR ABSORPTION PARAMETER OF A SAMPLE

TWO-RADIATION SPECTROMETER.

System for remote-controlling a spectrometer

The invention relates to a system (1) for remote-controlling a spectrometer, comprising: -at least one spectrometry device (30) comprising a spectrometer (3) and auxiliary modules (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), the spectrometry device (30) being configured to measure spectrometry data on an object and/or a process; - a control device (2) configured to control the spectrometry device (30), comprising: • means for controlling the spectrometry device (30); • means for acquiring and processing the spectrometry data; and • means for remote communication; and - at least one interface modules (4) configured to communicate with the control device (2) remotely, wherein: - the remote-control device (2) is configured to communicate with the interface module (4) via Internet; and - the spectrometry device (30) is interchangeable. The invention also relates to a device (2) for remote-controlling a spectrometry system (30) that is configured to be used in a system (1) for remote-controlling a spectrometer according ...

Reference switch architectures for noncontact sensing of substances

This relates to systems and methods for measuring a concentration and type of substance in a sample at a sampling interface. The systems can include a light source, optics, one or more modulators, a reference, a detector, and a controller. The systems and methods disclosed can be capable of accounting for drift originating from the light source, one or more optics, and the detector by sharing one or more components between different measurement light paths. Additionally, the systems can be capable of differentiating between different types of drift and eliminating erroneous measurements due to stray light with the placement of one or more modulators between the light source and the sample or reference. Furthermore, the systems can be capable of detecting the substance along various locations and depths within the sample by mapping a detector pixel and a microoptics to the location and depth in the sample.

A PORTABLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Method of producing matched coating composition and device used therefor

Spectrophotometer

Spectrometer with validation cell

A valid state of an analytical system that includes a light source (102) and a detector (106) can be verified by determining that deviation of first light intensity data quantifying a first intensity of light received at the detector from the light source after the light has passed at least once through each of a reference gas in a validation cell (114) and a zero gas from a stored data set does not exceed a pre-defined threshold deviation. The stored data set can represent at least one previous measurement collected during a previous instrument validation process performed on the analytical system. The reference gas can include a known amount of an analyte. A concentration of the analyte in a sample gas in a measurement cell (112) can be determined by correcting second light intensity data quantifying a second intensity of the light received at the detector after the light passes at least once through each of the reference gas in the validation cell and a sample gas containing an unknown ...

Peri-critical reflection spectroscopy devices, systems, and methods

Spectroscopy apparatuses oriented to the critical angle of the sample are described that detecting the spectral characteristics of a sample wherein the apparatus consists of an electromagnetic radiation source adapted to excite a sample with electromagnetic radiation introduced to the sample at a location at an angle of incidence at or near a critical angle of the sample; a transmitting crystal in communication with the electromagnetic radiation source and the sample, the transmitting crystal having a high refractive index adapted to reflect the electromagnetic radiation internally; a reflector adapted to introduce the electromagnetic radiation to the sample at or near an angle of incidence near the critical angle between the transmitting crystal and sample; and a detector for detecting the electromagnetic radiation from the sample. Also, provided herein are methods, systems, and kits incorporating the peri-critical reflection spectroscopy apparatus.

FIBER-OPTIC BASED CAVITY RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY APPARATUS

OPTICAL ANALYSER

An arsenic meter

Methods for optically determining a characteristic of a substance

Optical computing devices are disclosed. One exemplary optical computing device (300) includes an electromagnetic radiation source (308) configured to optically interact with a sample (306) and at least two integrated computational elements (302, 304). The at least two integrated computational elements are configured to produce optically interacted light (314) and further configured to be associated with a characteristic of the sample. The optical computing device further includes a first detector (316) arranged to receive the optically interacted light from the at least two integrated computational elements and thereby generate a first signal corresponding to the characteristic of the sample.

Analog detection for cavity lifetime spectroscopy

SIMULTANEOUS MULTI-BEAM PLANAR ARRAY IR (PAIR) SPECTROSCOPY

An apparatus (300') and method capable of providing spatially multiplexed IR spectral information simultaneously in real-time for multiple samples or multiple spatial areas of one sample using IR absorption phenomena requires no moving parts or Fourier Transform during operation, and self-compensates for background spectra and degradation of component performance over time. IR spectral information and chemical analysis of the samples is determined by using one or more IR sources (310, 311), one or more sampling accessories (330, 331) for positioning the sample volumes, one or more optically dispersive elements (350), a focal plane array (FPA) (370) arranged to detect the dispersed light beams, and a processor (380) and display (390) to control the FPA (370), and display(390) to control the FPA (370) and display IR spectrograph.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REAL-TIME IR SPECTROSCOPY

An apparatus and method capable of providing IR spectral information using IR absorption phenomena requires no moving parts or Fourier Transform during operation. IR spectral information and chemical analysis of a sample in a sample containing functional groups is determined by using an IR source (310), a sampling accessory (330) for positioning the sample volume, an optically dispersive element (350), a focal plane array (FPA) arranged to detect the dispersed light beam, and a processor (380) and display (390) to control the FPA, and display an IR spectrograph. Fiber-optic coupling allows remote sensing, and portability, reliability, and ruggedness is enhanced due to the no-moving part construction. Use of the apparatus and method has broad industrial and environmental application, including measurement of thickness and chemical composition of various films, coatings, and liquids, and may also be used in a real-time sensing of hazardous materials, including chemical and biological warface ...

AUTOMATED ACOUSTO-OPTIC INFRARED ANALYZER SYSTEM

OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY DEVICE FOR NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE DETECTION AND ASSOCIATED METHOD OF USE

An apparatus for concentrating light and associated method of use is disclosed. This apparatus includes a first outer wall having an anterior end, a posterior end, an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining an interior portion, the interior portion having an anterior end and a posterior end, and a light source disposed within the interior portion. The first outer wall has an opening in the posterior end, the opening having an opening diameter. The interior portion has a substantially frusto- conical shape and has a cross-sectional diameter at the opening equal to the opening diameter and a second cross-sectional diameter near the anterior end that is less than the opening diameter and the inner surface is photo-reflective. The light passes through a sample through an aperture and a collector lens or a second outer wall. A transmission diffraction grating may be utilized.

SPECTROMETERS

Improvements relating to spectrometers A method and apparatus for analysing the spectrum of light reflected by a reflecting structure (24) in which the effect upon the analysis results of variation in the angle between the reflecting structure and the incident beam (22) is minimised. The method and apparatus may utilise a dispersive element (26) constructed and arranged so as to minimise the effect of the variations. The method and apparatus may also utilise a calibration technique in which light with a known spectrum is reflected off the reflecting structure and analysed so that compensation may be made for the effect of the variation.

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

A dual beam spectrophotometer includes signal processing circuitry for producing sample-dark and ref-dark signals. The dark signals subtracted from the sample and ref signals are the average of the dark signals produced on each side of the sample and ref pulses. The signal processing circuitry may comprise four sample and hold circuits which store the sample, ref and first and second dark signals, a resistive combining network for the two dark signals and first and second subtractor circuits. The first subtractor gives the sample-dark signal at its output while the second subtractor gives the ref-dark signal at its output.

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SPECTROMETER

An optical transmission spectrometer for transmission measurements of absorbing and scattering samples includes light sources mounted parallel to each other in a holder. The beams of light eminating from the light sources are directed through a beam-combiner. The beam-combiner includes a first refractive surface at an angle of incidence of 45.degree.. The first refractive surface refracts light toward a common axis. The beam-combiner includes a second refractive surface parallel to the first refractive surface for refracting the beam of light along a common axis parallel to the original direction of the beam of light. The beam-combiner can include additional refractive surface for other beams of light to combine the beams of light into a primary beam. The includes a collimating tube extending along the common axis for baffling stray light and directing the primary beam through a sample. A second collimating tube is provided on the side of the sample opposite the first collimating tube for ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AND CORRELATING CHARACTERISTICS OF FRUIT WITH VISIBLE/NEAR INFRA-RED SPECTRUM

This disclosure is of 1) the utilization of the spectrum from 250 nm to 1150 nm for measurement or prediction of one or more parameters, e.g., brix, firmness, acidity, density, pH, color and external and internal defects and disorders including, for example, surface and subsurface bruises, scarring, sun scald, punctures, in N-H, C-H and O-H samples including fruit; 2) an apparatus and method of detecting emitted light from samples exposed to the above spectrum in at least one spectrum range and, in the preferred embodiment, in at least two spectrum ranges of 250 to 499 nm and 500 nm to 1150 nm; 3) the use of the chlorophyl band, peaking at 680 nm, in combination with the spectrum from 700 nm and above to predict one or more of the above parameters; 4) the use of the visible pigment region, including xanthophyll, from approximately 250 nm to 499 nm and anthocyanin from approximately 500 to 550 nm, in combination with the chlorophyl band and the spectrum from 700 nm and above to predict the ...

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CALIBRATING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE

SPECTROMETER, IN PARTICULAR A REFLECTION SPECTROMETER

The invention relates to a reflection spectrometer provided with a probe to which the radiation of at least one radiation source can be transmitted by means of at least one radiation emission conductor-transmitter in such a way that said radiation source can be directed to or in an investigated object and which makes it possible to transmit a radiation, in particular fluorescent, reflected and/or diffused to or in an investigated object and/or emitted by said object to a radiation receiver that can be connected to an evaluation unit by means of at least one radiation emission conductor. The inventive reflection spectrometer is characterised in that it comprises a plurality of radiation sources whose radiation intensities are respectively adjustable, have a large emission range for a radiation source or for all radiation sources and are directly connected to a respective radiation emission conductor. The radiation receiver receives the entire spectrum of an incident radiation in the radiation ...

MULTIPLE SEQUENTIAL WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENT OF A LIQUID ASSAY

Analyzers and methods for making and using analyzers are described such as a method in which multiple absorption readings of a liquid assay are obtained by a photodetector using multiple light sources having respective first and second wavelengths within at least two separate and independent wavelength ranges and with each of the absorption readings taken at a separate instant of time. Using at least one processor and calibration information of the liquid assay, an amount of at least one analyte within the liquid assay using the multiple absorption readings is determined.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for spectrometric analysis of samples. In some cases, the spectrometric analysis is Raman spectrometry. The methods and systems may be used to identify one or more characteristics of a sample, such as the identity of and the quantity of a molecule within the sample. In some embodiments, the methods and devices provide for rapid sample analysis that is more accurate, precise and cost-effective than traditional methods.

Dual-etalon cavity ring-down frequency-comb spectroscopy

In an embodiment, a dual-etalon cavity-ring-down frequency-comb spectrometer system is described. A broad band light source is split into two beams. One beam travels through a first etalon and a sample under test, while the other beam travels through a second etalon, and the two beams are recombined onto a single detector. If the free spectral ranges (“FSR”) of the two etalons are not identical, the interference pattern at the detector will consist of a series of beat frequencies. By monitoring these beat frequencies, optical frequencies where light is absorbed may be determined.

Method And Device For Measuring The Concentration Of Substances In Gaseous Or Fluid Media Through Optical Spectroscopy Using Broadband Light Sources

The invention relates to a method and to a device for using partially non-stabilized broadband light sources to accurately measure partially broadband-absorbing substances using referencing measuring cells. In order to create a low-cost, high-resolution, and at the same time fast spectrographic device for measuring concentrations of substances in fluid or gaseous media that is also suitable for harsh environments, the light radiated by the broadband light sources ( 1 ) through light guiding optical systems is fed through the measuring section of the self-referencing measuring cell ( 20, 30, 40 ) or only partially through a measuring cell ( 10 ) to a measurement detector (photoreceptor 11 ) and partially through a reference path (optical waveguide 8 ) to a reference detector (photoreceptor 15 ), and a mode coupler ( 5, 9, 14 ) is associated with each optical waveguide ( 2, 4, 7, 8 ) in order to homogenize the radiation characteristic of the broadband light sources ( 1 ), which varies over time and space.

Hot gas temperature measurement in gas turbine using tunable diode laser

A combustion gas measurement apparatus mounted in a gas turbine including: a tunable laser generating a radiation beam passing through a combustion gas path; a controller tuning the laser to emit radiation having at least a first selected wavelength and a second selected wavelength which both correspond to temperature-dependent transitions of a combustion species of the gas, wherein the first selected wavelength and the second selected wavelength are not near absorption peaks of neighboring wavelengths; a detector sensing the radiation beam passing through the combustion gas and generating an absorption signal indicative of an absorption of the beam by the combustion gas at each of the first wavelength and the second wavelength, and a processor executing a program stored on a non-transitory storage medium determining a combustion gas temperature based on a ratio of the adoption signals for the first wavelength and the second wavelength.

Method, apparatus, and article to facilitate evaluation of objects using electromagnetic energy

Spectral information may be employed in process control and/or quality control of goods and articles. Spectral information may be employed in process control and/or quality control of media, for example financial instruments, identity documents, legal documents, medical documents, financial transaction cards, and/or other media, fluids for example lubricants, fuels, coolants, or other materials that flow, and in machinery, for example vehicles, motors, generators, compressors, presses, drills and/or supply systems. Spectral information may be employed in identifying biological tissue and/or facilitating diagnosis based on biological tissue.

Generating and detecting radiation

A method of generating radiation comprises: manufacturing a structure comprising a substrate supporting a layer of InGaAs, InGaAsP, or InGaAlAs material doped with a dopant, said manufacturing comprising growing said layer such that said dopant is incorporated in said layer during growth of the layer; illuminating a portion of a surface of the structure with radiation having photon energies greater than or equal to a band gap of the doped InGaAs, InGaAsP, or InGaAlAs material so as to create electron-hole pairs in the layer of doped material; and accelerating the electrons and holes of said pairs with an electric field so as to generate radiation. In certain embodiments the dopant is Fe. Corresponding radiation detecting apparatus, spectroscopy systems, and antennas are described.

Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel

Embodiments presented herein describe an apparatus and method to control the conversion of carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and those biomass resources, into a high performance solid fuel. This method, and the apparatus described as the means to accomplish this method, provides a process having a control system that enables the system to produce a fuel of uniform quality, even with a change in biomass supply.

Atomic absorption instrument

An atomic absorption instrument has a burner and a mixing apparatus for delivering a combustible mixture to the burner. The mixing apparatus includes a mixing chamber assembly having a plurality of internal delivery passageways. An end cap assembly holds a nebulizer closes a mixing chamber. The end cap assembly has a plurality of internal feed passageways through which fluid from the internal delivery passageways flows into the mixing chamber. Latch mechanisms couple the end cap assembly to the mixing chamber assembly. The latch mechanisms can be operated to remove the end cap assembly.

Method and apparatus for measuring a spectrum of an optical sensor, advantageously in the infrared region

A method for measuring a spectrum of an optical sensor, advantageously in the infrared region, in which a light beam impinges on an optical sensor in contact with a medium to be measured, wherein the optical sensor transmits a measurement beam changed by the medium to be measured and the measurement beam is fed to a pyrodetector, which issues output signals corresponding to the spectrum. The intensity of the measurement signal is modulated before impinging on a pyrodetector. In order to provide a cost effective, vibration free measuring apparatus, which has a long lifetime, intensity modulation of measurement beam occurs by tuning-in wavelengths contained in the optical spectrum of measuring beam.

System and method reducing fiber stretch induced timing errors in fiber optic coupled time domain terahertz systems

A system for reducing effects relating to stretching of an optical fiber includes an optical control source, the optical source outputting an optical signal, a terahertz transmitter and receiver both being optically coupled to the optical source, and a means for providing the optical signal to both the terahertz transmitter and terahertz receiver such that the terahertz receiver is synchronized to the terahertz transmitter by the optical signal. The means prevents the stretching of an fiber carrying the optical signal provided to the terahertz transmitter or terahertz receiver or allows for the stretching an optical fiber such that the terahertz receiver will still be synchronized to the terahertz transmitter by the optical signal.

Apparatus For Detecting And Imaging Explosives On A Suicide Bomber

An apparatus designed for generating and detecting reflected Terahertz waves using a single pixel Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) or Charge Couple Device (CCD) camera is described. Optical alignment between the components is not necessary since the Terahertz waves can propagate from the source to a collimating lens using a metal wire that can be bent obviating the need to have a clear line of sight from the lens to the source or to the camera. The present invention is well-suited for high traffic physical locations currently under surveillance such as security check points and also venues demanding significantly less obtrusive surveillance such as revolving entry doors, moving walkways, and entry gates for airplanes.

Method of absorbance correction in a spectroscopic heating value sensor

A method and apparatus for absorbance correction in a spectroscopic heating value sensor in which a reference light intensity measurement is made on a non-absorbing reference fluid, a light intensity measurement is made on a sample fluid, and a measured light absorbance of the sample fluid is determined. A corrective light intensity measurement at a non-absorbing wavelength of the sample fluid is made on the sample fluid from which an absorbance correction factor is determined. The absorbance correction factor is then applied to the measured light absorbance of the sample fluid to arrive at a true or accurate absorbance for the sample fluid.

Signal processing for optical computing system

The present subject matter relates to an apparatus and related method of high-speed analysis of product samples during production of the product. Light is directed to a portion of a product under analysis and reflected from or transmitted through the product toward optical detectors. Signals from the optical detectors are compared to determine characteristics of the product under analysis. Temperature within the monitoring system may be monitored in order to provide compensation for the signals produced by the optical detectors. The products under analysis may be stationary, moved by an inspection point by conveyor or other means, or may be contained within a container, the container including a window portion through which the product illuminating light may pass.

Chemical Leak Inspection System

A method of visually detecting a leak of a chemical emanating from a component includes aiming a passive infrared camera system towards the component; filtering an infrared image with an optical bandpass filter, the infrared image being that of the leak; after the infrared image passes through the lens and optical bandpass filter, receiving the filtered infrared image with an infrared sensor device; electronically processing the filtered infrared image received by the infrared sensor device to provide a visible image representing the filtered infrared image; and visually identifying the leak based on the visible image. The passive infrared camera system includes: a lens; a refrigerated portion including the infrared sensor device and the optical bandpass filter (located along an optical path between the lens and the infrared sensor device). At least part of a pass band for the optical bandpass filter is within an absorption band for the chemical.

Universal multidetection system for microplates

An apparatus for optically analyzing a sample may include an imaging subsystem that images the sample, one or more analyzing subsystems that analyze the sample, a temperature control subsystem that controls a temperature of the atmosphere within the apparatus, a gas control subsystem that controls a composition of the atmosphere within the apparatus, and a control module that controls the various subsystems of the apparatus.

Terahertz wave measuring apparatus and measurement method

The present invention provides a terahertz wave measuring apparatus and measurement method capable of improving the quantitativeness of obtained frequency spectrum information. In a measurement method in which a terahertz wave measuring apparatus is used, the terahertz wave measuring apparatus measures a time waveform of a terahertz wave relating to a calibration sample whose shape of a calibration spectrum is already known and obtains a measurement spectrum by transforming the time waveform. The calibration spectrum and the measurement spectrum are compared, and, on the basis of results of the comparison, time intervals of measurement data that form a time waveform are adjusted in order to calibrate the terahertz wave measuring apparatus.

Spectrophotometer

A spectrophotometer 10 includes built-in detector 24 and external detector 32. When a mountable/removable optical path switcher 23 a is installed in a specimen chamber 23, measurement based on detection signals from built-in detector 24 is replaced by measurement based on detection signals from external detector 32. The spectrophotometer further includes a measurement data threshold-value storage unit 51 that stores threshold value T for measurement data from built-in detector 24 or external detector 32, and a light-receiving detector recognition unit 52 that recognizes which detector is able to receive the measuring light beam based on the results of a comparison between threshold value T and measurement data from built-in detector 24 or external detector 32 while the measuring light beam is being introduced into specimen chamber 23.

Sloped structure, method for manufacturing sloped structure, and spectrum sensor

A method for manufacturing a sloped structure is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: (a) forming a sacrificial film above a substrate; (b) forming a first film above the sacrificial film; (c) forming a second film having a first portion connected to the substrate, a second portion connected to the first film, and a third portion positioned between the first portion and the second portion; (d) removing the sacrificial film; and (e) bending the third portion of the second film after the step (d), thereby sloping the first film with respect to the substrate.

Optical component

The invention relates to an optical component ( 10 ), comprising a first spherical reflector ( 12 ) and a second spherical reflector ( 14 ), which is arranged in order to reflect a light beam several times between the first reflector ( 12 ) and the second reflector ( 14 ) and which spans an interior together with the first spherical reflector ( 12 ), wherein a coupling-in device is provided, which comprises a coupling-in reflector element ( 16 ) arranged within the interior, said coupling-in reflector element being arranged in order to reflect a light beam ( 24 ) to be coupled in onto the first spherical reflector ( 12 ).

Pattern inspection apparatus and method

In one embodiment, a pattern inspection apparatus includes a light source configured to generate light, and a condenser configured to shape the light into a line beam to illuminate a wafer with the line beam. The apparatus further includes a spectrometer configured to disperse the line beam reflected from the wafer. The apparatus further includes a two-dimensional detector configured to detect the line beam dispersed by the spectrometer, and output a signal including spectrum information of the line beam. The apparatus further includes a comparison unit configured to compare the spectrum information obtained from corresponding places of a repetitive pattern on the wafer with each other, and a determination unit configured to determine whether the wafer includes a defect, based on a comparison result of the spectrum information.

Device and Method for Detecting and Monitoring Ingredients or Properties of a Measurement Medium, In Particular of Physiological Blood Values

The invention relates to a device for detecting and monitoring ingredients or properties of a measurement medium, for example physiological blood values, wherein said device contains a light source ( 20 ) for generating broad-spectrum measurement light ( 2 ) and for acting on a measurement area ( 3 ), and means ( 9 ) for fanning out the analysis light ( 4 ) reflected by the measurement area ( 3 ). The device also has a sensor array ( 11 ) for picking up the fanned light. The sensor array ( 11 ), the light source ( 20 ) and the means for dispersing the analysis light ( 4 ) are arranged as a compact unit in a housing.

Apparatus and Method for Detecting and Quantifying Analytes in Solution

A method for identifying and quantifying one or more analytes included in a sample comprising a background solvent is disclosed. The present invention locates a sample fluid at a sample region by virtue of a sample holder that comprises work-hardened silver halide. The sample fluid at the sample region is then spectrally characterized via a mid-infrared spectrometer.

Energy dispersion device

The invention provides an energy dispersion device, spectrograph and method that can be used to evaluate the composition of matter on site without the need for specialized training or expensive equipment. The energy dispersion device or spectrograph can be used with a digital camera or cell phone. A device of the invention includes a stack of single- or double-dispersion diffraction gratings that are rotated about their normal giving rise to a multiplicity of diffraction orders from which meaningful measurements and determinations can be made with respect to the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of matter.

Spectrophotometer

Disclosed is a spectrophotometer capable of achieving a good signal-to-noise ratio by improving the use efficiency of the amount of light emitted from a Xe flash lamp or other intermittent light source. Light having a desired wavelength is selected from the light emitted from the Xe flash lamp ( 1 ), which is a single light source having a wide wavelength range, allowed to pass through a sample ( 7 ), detected by a photodetector ( 21, 22 ), and supplied to a low-pass filter ( 24 ) in a signal processing circuit ( 23 ). The duration of the waveform of a signal output from the photodetector ( 21, 22 ) is extended by the low-pass filter ( 24 ), which has a time constant equivalent to the elapsed time required for the intensity of the light emitted from the Xe flash lamp ( 1 ) to decrease from a peak value to a half value and acts as delay means or other duration extension means. The signal having a waveform whose duration is extended is supplied to a computer ( 30 ) through an amplifier ( 25 ) and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit ( 26 ). As the signal having the waveform whose duration is extended can be used, it is possible to enhance the use efficiency of the total amount of emitted light and optimize the effect of signal-to-noise ratio improvement.

Spectrometer

A spectrometer includes a light source section that includes a plurality of LEDs having different emission wavelengths, a variable wavelength interference filter that selectively extracts light of a predetermined wavelength, a detector that detects the amount of light, and a control circuit section. The control circuit section includes a mode switching section that switches a calibration mode and a measurement mode, an outside light analysis section that analyzes characteristics of outside light in the calibration mode, a reference light setting section that set the amount of light emitted from each of the LEDs on the basis of the characteristics of the outside light, and a light source driving section that drives each of the LEDs on the basis of the amount of light emitted which is set in the measurement mode.

Dynamic signal extension in optical detection systems

Systems and methods for measuring a target in a sample, the target being capable of generating an emitted light in response to an excitation light. In an example system, an excitation light source generates the excitation light along an excitation optical path. An attenuation filter arrangement selectively adds an attenuation filter to the excitation optical path. The attenuation filter attenuates the excitation light by a corresponding attenuation factor. The excitation light exits the attenuation filter arrangement along the excitation optical path to illuminate the sample. A light energy detector receives the emitted light generated in response to the excitation light, and outputs a measured signal level corresponding to an emitted light level. If the light energy detector indicates an overflow, signal measurement is repeated with attenuation filters of increasing attenuation factors until the measured signal level does not overflow.

SPREAD ANALYSIS DEVICE FOR LUBRICANT, METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM

An electromagnetic wave output device outputs an electromagnetic wave. An optical element has a total reflection surface for totally reflecting the electromagnetic wave, and causes the device under test to receive an evanescent wave generated from the total reflection surface. An electromagnetic wave detector detects the electromagnetic wave, and a spectrum deriver derives a reflectance of the electromagnetic wave on the total reflection surface or a value based on the reflectance based on a detection result by the electromagnetic wave detector while the reflectance or the value based on the reflectance is associated with the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and a manufacturing condition of the particle or the device under test. A characteristic extractor extracts a characteristic based on the manufacturing condition from a derived result by the spectrum deriver. 1. A device for analyzing a spread state of a lubricant in a device under test in which particles constructing a tablet and the lubricant are mixed with each other , comprising:an electromagnetic wave output device that outputs an electromagnetic wave having a frequency equal to or higher than 20 GHz and equal to or lower than 500 THz;an optical element that has a total reflection surface for totally reflecting the electromagnetic wave, and causes the device under test to receive an evanescent wave generated from the total reflection surface;an electromagnetic wave detector that detects the electromagnetic wave totally reflected by the total reflection surface;a spectrum deriving unit that derives a reflectance of the electromagnetic wave on the total reflection surface or a value based on the reflectance based on a detection result by the electromagnetic wave detector while the reflectance or the value based on the reflectance is associated with the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and a manufacturing condition of the particle or the device under test; anda characteristic extraction unit that ...

Detecting surface stains using high absorbance spectral regions in the mid-ir

Methods and systems for detecting the presence of a substance on a surface are provided. The method can include directing a modulated light beam (e.g., having a wavelength of about 3 to about 20 μm) from a light source to a beam expander such that the beam expander widens the diameter of the light beam into an expanded beam. The expanded beam can then be directed onto the surface to form an illuminated area. A specular reflection can then be detected from the illuminated area on the surface in each light cycle, and the presence of the substance on the surface can be determined.

Spectrophotometer

In order to provide a spectrophotometer, which can detect, by means of output intensity signals obtained by a photodetector, the entry of external light at the time of sample cell replacement and the like without providing a door with an opening/closing sensor or the like, a spectrophotometer ( 60 ) is provided with: a photodetector ( 12 ); a light blocking unit ( 41 ); a storage unit ( 34 ), which stores a light blocking period where light is blocked by means of the light blocking unit ( 41 ) and output intensity signals obtained by the photodetector ( 12 ) by corresponding the light blocking periods to the output intensity signals; and a control unit ( 31 b ), which calculates transmittance or light absorbance on the basis of the output intensity signals in the light blocking periods, said output intensity signals having been stored in the storage unit ( 34 ), and output intensity signals in light entry periods. The spectrophotometer is characterized in that the storage unit ( 34 ) stores a threshold for detecting the entry of external light into the photodetector ( 12 ), and that the control unit ( 31 c ) detects the entry of the external light into the photodetector ( 12 ) on the basis of the output intensity signals in the light blocking periods, and the threshold.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS

A spectral characteristic obtaining apparatus includes a detection unit detecting light quantities in plural wavelength bands from a measurement target, a storage unit storing pre-obtained spectral characteristics of the measurement target, a calculation unit calculating a primary transformation matrix from the light quantities and the pre-obtained spectral characteristics of at least one reference sample and a secondary transformation matrix from one of the pre-obtained spectral characteristics corresponding to a primary wavelength band and another one of the pre-obtained spectral characteristics corresponding to a secondary wavelength band, an estimation unit estimating the spectral characteristics of the measurement target by performing a primary estimation on the light quantities in the plural wavelength bands by using the primary transformation matrix, performing a secondary estimation on a result of the primary estimation by using the secondary transformation matrix, and compositing a result of the secondary estimation with the result of the primary estimation. 1. A spectral characteristic obtaining apparatus comprising:a detection unit configured to detect light quantities in a plurality of wavelength bands from a measurement target;a storage unit configured to store pre-obtained spectral characteristics of the measurement target;a calculation unit configured to calculate a primary transformation matrix from the light quantities and the pre-obtained spectral characteristics of at least one reference sample and a secondary transformation matrix from one of the pre-obtained spectral characteristics corresponding to a primary wavelength band and another one of the pre-obtained spectral characteristics corresponding to a second wavelength band; andan estimation unit configured to estimate the spectral characteristics of the measurement target by performing a primary estimation on the light quantities in the plural wavelength bands by using the primary ...

TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY DOMAIN SPECTROMETER WITH DISCRETE COARSE AND FINE TUNING

An apparatus for analyzing, identifying or imaging an target including first and second laser beams coupled to a pair of photoconductive switches to produce CW signals in one or more bands in a range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz focused on and transmitted through or reflected from the target; and a detector for acquiring spectral information from signals received from the target and using a multi-spectral heterodyne process to generate an electrical signal representative of some characteristics of the target. The lasers are tuned to different frequencies and a frequency shifter in the path of one laser beam allows the terahertz beam to be finely adjusted in one or more selected frequency bands. 1. A method for terahertz spectroscopy comprising:sweeping a CW radiative beam over at least one frequency band in a range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz;directing the radiative beam to a target;acquiring spectral information from the target; andfinely adjusting the frequency of the CW radiative beam in frequency increments of less than 100 MHz for generating additional electrical signals representative of some characteristic of the target in the selected frequency band.2. A method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising providing first and second lasers having different tunable frequencies claim 1 , and wherein sweeping the CW radiative beam includes activating a first photoconductive switch by a first composite optical beam from the first and second lasers claim 1 , and sweeping the frequency of one of said lasers.3. A method as defined in claim 2 , further comprising performing a heterodyne down conversion of the acquired spectral information from the target by activating a second photoconductive switch by a second composite optical beam from the first and second lasers claim 2 , the second composite beam being different from the first composite beam.4. A method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:storing a spectral signature of a compound;sweeping ...

Optical filter device and manufacturing method for the optical filter device

An optical filter device includes an interference filter and a housing. The interference filter includes a fixed substrate, a movable substrate joined to the fixed substrate, a fixed reflective film provided on the fixed substrate, and a movable reflective film provided on the movable substrate and opposed to the fixed reflective film across an inter-reflective film gap. The housing includes a base substrate on which the interference filter is arranged. A fixing member is arranged between the movable substrate and the base substrate. The movable substrate is fixed to the base substrate by the fixing member in one place excluding a region where the movable reflective film is provided.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING PROPERTIES OF A THIN FILM COATED GLASS

A system for measuring properties of a thin film coated glass having a light source, a spectrometer, at least one pair of probes, a first optical fiber switch and a second optical fiber switch. The pair of probes includes a first probe located on one side of a glass sheet and a second probe located on the opposite side of the glass sheet, directly across from the first probe. The first and second optical fiber switches are adapted to couple either probe to the light source and/or the spectrometer. Because the design of the system is optically symmetrical, calibration may be performed without the use of a reference material such as a tile or mirror. Each of the first and second probes has a first leg and a second leg that are separated from each other by a distance n so that angled reflections may be detected. 1. A system for measuring properties of a thin film coated glass , comprising:a light source;a spectrometer;at least one pair of probes comprising a first and a second optical probe, wherein each probe has a bifurcated fiber which includes a first leg and a second leg wherein each leg can either emit or collect light, the first optical probe is located above the glass and the second optical probe is located below the glass directly across from the first optical probe, the first leg and second leg of each first and second optical probe are separated from each other by a distance n;a first optical fiber switch is adapted to couple the spectrometer to the first leg of each optical probe;a second optical fiber switch is adapted to couple the light source to the second leg of each optical probe, wherein a film side reflection calibration is performed by coupling the second leg of the optical probe located below the glass to the light source and coupling the first leg of the optical probe located above the glass to the spectrometer and wherein a glass side reflection calibration is performed by coupling the light source to the second leg of the optical probe located ...

Spectrophotometer

In a spectrophotometer of the single-beam type, highly stable transmission and absorption spectra can be obtained with a high SNR while drifting is suppressed and for a long time even when the amount of light from the light source is varied over time. The spectrophotometer includes: a light source; a sample cell; a polychromator that generates a transmission spectrum of a sample in the sample cell by dispersing a portion of light from the light source that has passed through the sample into a plurality of spectral components; an image sensor that detects the transmission spectrum of the sample; a light source monitoring photodetector that detects a portion of the light from the light source that has not passed through the sample cell; and an operation unit that corrects the transmission spectrum of the sample by using an output signal from the light source monitoring photodetector.

Total Internal Reflection Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

A system and method of conducting total internal reflection photoacoustic spectroscopy (TIRPAS) comprising using a pulsed laser source to emit a thermally or stress confined laser beam at a prism comprising a surface to be in contact with a sample such that the laser beam travels through the prism to a location at an interface between the prism and the sample to form an evanescent field extending into the sample to generate a detectable photoacoustic response to the evanescent field by an analyte in the sample. 1. A system for conducting total internal reflection photoacoustic spectroscopy (TIRPAS) , the system comprising:a pulsed laser source for emitting a thermally or stress confined laser beam;a prism comprising a surface to be in contact with a sample that is to be subjected to TIRPAS, wherein the laser beam and the prism, when conducting TIRPAS, are configured such that the laser beam travels through the prism to a location at an interface between the prism and the sample at an angle of incidence such that an evanescent field extending into the sample forms; anda detector for determining whether a photoacoustic response to the evanescent field is generated by an analyte in the sample.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the beam is thermally confined and the pulsed laser source is a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser claim 1 , the prism is a right-angle prism claim 1 , and the detector is a transducer.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the transducer is a piezoelectric copolymer.4. The system of further comprising an XYZ translational stage and an electric motor to affect movement of the XYZ translational stage to which the prism is to be mounted when conducting TIRPAS to facilitate adjustment of the location at the interface to which the beam travels claim 1 , the angle of incidence claim 1 , or both.5. The system of further comprising one or more of the following:a collimator for enhancing the collimation of the laser beam before the laser beam enters the prism;a spatial ...

SPECTROMETER, AND IMAGE EVALUATING UNIT AND IMAGE FORMING DEVICE INCORPORATING THE SAME

A spectrometer includes a light source to project a light beam to a target object, an optical element including a plurality of apertures through which the light beam reflected by the target object transmits, a diffraction element to form diffracted images from a plurality of light beams having transmitted through the optical element, and a light receiving element to receive the diffracted images formed by the diffraction element and including an optical shield to block a diffracted image other than a certain-order diffracted image. 1. A spectrometer comprising:a light source to project a light beam to a target object;an optical element with a plurality of apertures through which the light beam reflected by the target object transmits;a diffraction element to form diffracted images from a plurality of light beams having transmitted through the optical element; anda light receiving element to receive the diffracted images formed by the diffraction element and including an optical shield to block a diffracted image other than a certain-order diffracted image.2. A spectrometer according to claim 1 , whereinthe light receiving element includes a plurality of apertures through which only the certain-order diffracted image the transmits.3. A spectrometer according to claim 1 , whereinthe apertures of the optical element and the apertures of the light receiving element are arranged in association with each other.4. A spectrometer according to claim 1 , whereinthe apertures of the optical element are two-dimensionally arranged to be parallel to a virtual plane including a certain axis and different in position from each other in a direction parallel to the certain axis.5. A spectrometer according to claim 4 , whereinthe apertures of the light receiving element are two-dimensionally arranged to be parallel to the virtual plane and different in position from each other in the direction parallel to the certain axis.6. A spectrometer according to claim 1 , further comprisinga ...

System and method for determining flux of isotopologues

A method and system comprising measuring concentrations of first and second isotopologues of a gas of interest within a first cavity that is sealably in contact with a soil location through an inlet membrane, and the first cavity being defined by chamber walls having openings covered by outlet membranes. Reference concentrations of the first and second isotopologues are measured in a second cavity having a closed bottom, the second cavity being defined by chamber walls having openings covered by more outlet membranes. Relative flux of the isotopologues can be calculated using the measured concentrations.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE (SPR) SPECTROSCOPY WITH AN INFRARED (IR) SPECTROMETER

Methods of measuring a sample characteristic and accessories for infrared (IR) spectrometers are provided. An accessory includes an input port and an output port having an optical path therebetween, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure for contacting a sample, a mirror system, and an optical element for producing collimated light. The SPR structure produces internally reflected light responsive to broadband IR light, modified by a SPR between the SPR structure and the sample. The mirror system directs the broadband IR light from the input port to the SPR structure and directs the internally reflected light from the SPR structure to the output port, producing output light indicative of a characteristic of the sample associated with the SPR. The optical element is disposed along the optical path between the input port and the output port. 1. An accessory for an infrared (IR) spectrometer , the accessory comprising:an input port and an output port having an optical path therebetween;a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure for contacting a sample, the SPR structure configured to produce internally reflected light responsive to broadband IR light, the internally reflected light modified by a surface plasmon resonance produced between the SPR structure and the sample;a mirror system configured to direct the broadband IR light from the input port to the SPR structure and to direct the internally reflected light from the SPR structure to the output port to produce output light indicative of a characteristic of the sample associated with the surface plasmon resonance; andan optical element disposed along the optical path between the input port and the output port, configured to produce collimated light.2. The accessory according to claim 1 , wherein the optical element includes a plane having an aperture configured to produce the collimated light.3. The accessory according to claim 2 , wherein the aperture includes a slit and a width of the slit is between about 0 ...

SPECTROSCOPY SYSTEMS AND METHODS USING QUANTUM CASCADE LASER ARRAYS WITH LENSES

A spectroscopy system includes an array of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) that emits an array of non-coincident laser beams. A lens array coupled to the QCL array substantially collimates the laser beams, which propagate along parallel optical axes towards a sample. The beams remain substantially collimated over the lens array's working distance, but may diverge when propagating over longer distances. The collimated, parallel beams may be directed to/through the sample, which may be within a sample cell, flow cell, multipass spectroscopic absorption cell, or other suitable holder. Alternatively, the beams may be focused to a point on, near, or within the target using a telescope or other suitable optical element(s). When focused, however, the beams remain non-coincident; they simply intersect at the focal point. The target transmits, reflects, and/or scatters this incident light to a detector, which transduces the detected radiation into an electrical signal representative of the target's absorption or emission spectrum. 1. A system for sensing a spectroscopic signature of a sample , the system comprising: an array of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) to emit the array of non-coincident laser beams; and', 'an array of lenses, in optical communication with the array of QCLs, to substantially collimate the array of non-coincident laser beams; and, 'a transmitter to transmit an array of non-coincident laser beams to the sample so as to produce radiation that is scattered, reflected, and/or transmitted by the sample, the transmitter comprisinga receiver, in optical communication with the sample, to detect at least a portion of the radiation and to provide a signal representative of the spectroscopic signature of the sample based on the detected radiation.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises at least one of a bodily fluid claim 1 , a gas claim 1 , an adsorbed solid claim 1 , an adsorbed liquid claim 1 , a gas phase component of a surface-adsorbed solid ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING USING A ROTATING FILTER SPECTROMETER

The invention relates to methods and systems for measuring and/or monitoring the chemical composition of a sample (e.g., a process stream), and/or detecting specific substances or compounds in a sample, using light spectroscopy such as absorption, emission and fluorescence spectroscopy. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to spectrometers with rotating narrow-band interference optical filter(s) to measure light intensity as a function of wavelength. More specifically, in certain embodiments, the invention relates to a spectrometer system with a rotatable filter assembly with a position detector rigidly attached thereto, and, in certain embodiments, the further use of various oversampling methods and techniques described herein, made particularly useful in conjunction with the rotatable filter assembly. In preferred embodiments, the rotatable filter is tilted with respect to the rotation axis, thereby providing surprisingly improved measurement stability and significantly improved control of the wavelength coverage of the filter spectrometer.

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER

An atomic absorption spectrometer, including: a light source combination; a detection device; a flame atomization device; a hydride generation device; a graphite furnace atomization device; and an adjustment mechanism. The flame atomization device includes a flame atomizer. The hydride generation device includes a hydride atomizer. The graphite furnace atomization device includes a graphite furnace atomizer. An axis of the flame atomizer, an axis of the hydride atomizer, and an axis of the graphite furnace atomizer are adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to coincide with an optical axis of the light source combination. 2. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 1 , whereinthe adjustment mechanism comprises: a first adjustment mechanism for adjusting positions of the flame atomizer and the hydride atomizer; and a second adjustment mechanism for adjusting a position of the graphite furnace atomizer;the first adjustment mechanism and the second adjustment mechanism are independently arranged;the first adjustment mechanism comprises: a horizontal adjustment device, and a vertical adjustment device;the vertical adjustment device is disposed on the horizontal adjustment device and is capable of moving horizontally; andthe flame atomizer and the hydride atomizer are in rigid connection and are arranged horizontally in parallel above the vertical adjustment device.3. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 2 , whereinthe second adjustment mechanism is horizontally movable through a transmission mechanism of a third lead screw;the graphite furnace atomizer is disposed on the second adjustment mechanism; anda height of the axis of the graphite furnace atomizer is equal to a height of the optical axis.4. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 2 , whereina division plate is disposed between the first adjustment mechanism and the second adjustment mechanism;the first adjustment mechanism and the optical axis of the light source combination are disposed on one side ...

TWO-DIMENSIONAL FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER

The present invention relates to a system and methods for acquiring two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D FT) spectra. Overlap of a collinear pulse pair and probe induce a molecular response which is collected by spectral dispersion of the signal modulated probe beam. Simultaneous collection of the molecular response, pulse timing and characteristics permit real time phasing and rapid acquisition of spectra. Full spectra are acquired as a function of pulse pair timings and numerically transformed to achieve the full frequency-frequency spectrum. This method demonstrates the ability to acquire information on molecular dynamics, couplings and structure in a simple apparatus. Multi-dimensional methods can be used for diagnostic and analytical measurements in the biological, biomedical, and chemical fields. 152-. (canceled)53. A method of measuring a polypeptide or protein spectrum having a plurality of dimensions comprising:coupling a collinear sequence of light pulses onto a medium comprising a polypeptide or protein;coupling an optical signal onto the medium, the optical signal being modulated by the sequence of light pulses to form a modulated light signal;detecting the modulated light signal to provide spectral data having a plurality of dimensions; andanalyzing the spectral data to characterize a secondary structure or to analyze a side chain of the polypeptide or protein.54. The method of claim 53 , wherein the step of analyzing provides information regarding one or more amide vibrational states.55. The method of claim 54 , wherein the one or more amide vibrational states are selected from the group consisting of amide I claim 54 , amide II claim 54 , amide I′ claim 54 , and amide II′.56. The method of claim 55 , wherein information is provided regarding both amide I′ and amide II′ vibrational states.57. The method of claim 55 , wherein each of the vibrational states is analyzed.58. The method of claim 55 , further comprising determining water exposure of the ...

Metamaterial Devices with Environmentally Responsive Materials

Metamaterial devices with environmentally responsive materials are disclosed. In some embodiments, a metamaterial perfect absorber includes a first patterned metallic layer, a second metallic layer electrically isolated from the first patterned metallic layer by a gap, and an environmentally responsive dielectric material positioned in the gap between the first patterned metallic layer and the metallic second layer.

QUANTIFYING NUCLEIC ACID IN SAMPLES

A photometric device () for quantifying a nucleic acid in a sample () in a tube (), comprises a light emission unit (), a sample obtaining unit () for holding the tube () with the nucleic acid sample () and a detection unit () wherein the sample obtaining unit () is arranged in between the light emission unit () and the detection unit () in particular, the light emission unit () and the detection unit () are arranged to provide light through the sample obtaining unit () such that light of a first wavelength of about 230 nanometers and light of a second wavelength of about 260 nanometers are simultaneously detectable within the detection unit (). The photometric device () allows for efficiently analysing the nucleic acid sample by only considering invisible light. In particular, content of nucleic acid such as particularly a RNA or a DNA and a nucleic acid/salt ratio can simultaneously be determined such that efficiency of quantification of the nucleic acid sample () can be increased. Furthermore, since in addition thereto the sample obtaining unit () is arranged to hold the tube () or cuvette and the light directly passes the sample () being arranged in the tube () or cuvette, loss of sample, contamination of sample, need of additional sample treatment equipment such as pipettes or additional tubes as well as frequent cleaning of optics of the photometric device can be printed or reduced. 1. A photometric device for quantifying a nucleic acid in a sample in a sample container , comprising a light emission unit , a sample obtaining unit for holding the sample container with the sample and a detection unit wherein the sample obtaining unit is arranged between the light emission unit and the detection unit , wherein said light emission unit and said detection unit are arranged to provide light from said light emission unit through the sample obtaining unit to said detection unit such that light of a first wavelength of about 230 nanometers or of about 280 nanometers ...

ORE FROTH PROCESSING

Apparatus and method for processing ore, the method comprising obtaining a reflectance spectra of an ore froth using a camera, applying a calculation using at least a wavelet decomposition to the reflectance spectra and generating a value representative of the reflectance spectra of the ore froth, classifying the quality of the ore froth using the value, and using the classification of the quality of the ore froth in froth processing. 1. A method of processing ore froth , the method comprising:obtaining a reflectance spectra of an ore froth using a camera;applying a calculation to the reflectance spectra to generate a value representative of the reflectance spectra of the ore froth;classifying the quality of the ore froth using the value; andusing the classification of the quality of the ore froth in ore froth processing.2. The method of in which the ore comprises bitumen ore.3. The method of in which applying a calculation to the reflectance spectra comprises:applying a wavelet decomposition to the reflectance spectra for one or more wavelengths and one or more scales to obtain wavelet powers corresponding to the one or more wavelengths and the one or more scales;calculating a value for a property of the reflectance spectra using a statistical relationship between the one or more wavelet powers and the property of the reflectance spectra.4. The method of in which the one or more wavelet powers used in the statistical relationship is in a correlation with the property of the reflectance spectra claim 3 , the one or more wavelet powers used in the statistical relationship being strongly correlated with the property of the reflectance spectra.5. The method of in which the correlation is determined by calculating a Pearson linear correlation coefficient for each wavelet power between each wavelet power and the property.6. The method of in which the property of the reflectance spectra comprises one or more of solid to bitumen ratio claim 2 , total bitumen content claim ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOTE DETECTION OF ALCOHOL VAPORS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

A light beam generated by a light source having a wavelength corresponding to the ethanol absorption spectrum, preferably in the wavelength range of 3.28-3.52 μm or in one or more wavelength ranges 6.49-7.46 μm, 7.74-8.33 μm, 8.84-10.10 μm, 10.7-12.00 μm, is sent through a measuring space containing a sample of exhaled breath, and then the intensity of the light beam passing through the measuring space is measured. Based on the spectral analysis of the dependence of the light intensity to the alcohol concentration, the concentration of ethanol vapor is determined and the information about the level of the ethanol content is provided to a suitable display or device. 122-. (canceled)23. A method for remote detection of alcohol vapor in the atmosphere , particularly useful for determination of the concentration of ethanol vapor in the air exhaled by humans , wherein a beam of light , preferably from a laser light source with a wavelength corresponding to the absorption spectrum of alcohol , preferably in the wavelength range of 3.28-3.52 μm , or in one or several wavelength ranges of 6.49-7.46 μm , 7.74-8.33 μm , 8.84-10.10 μm , 10.7-12.00 μm , is sent across a measurement space , and then the light intensity is measured after the beam has passed through said space , and then , based on spectral analysis of the dependence of the light intensity on the alcohol level , the concentration of alcohol vapor is determined.24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the wavelength of the light source is tuned over a wavelength range covering a sharp absorption feature of ethanol at a wavelength of 3.345 μm or 7.174 μm or 8.057 μm or 9.377 μm or 11.372 μm and a part of and/or the whole of an absorption ‘plateau’ claim 23 , preferably located in close proximity of said sharp feature.25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein in addition the wavelength is tuned over a wavelength range covering a single absorption line or multiple absorption lines of a tracer gas claim 24 , ...

Portable system for detecting explosive materials using near infrared hyperspectral imaging and method for using thereof

The present disclosure provides for a portable device for detecting the presence of explosive materials, including bulk explosive materials and out-gassed by products of explosive materials. The portable device may comprise a tunable filter and a NIR detector, configured so as to generate a NIR hyperspectral image representative of a target. The portable device may also comprise a RGB detector configured to generate a video image of a region of interest. The disclosure also provides for a method of detecting explosive materials using NIR hyperspectral imaging which may comprise collecting interacted photons, passing the interacted photons through a tunable filter, and detecting the interacted photons to generate a NIR hyperspectral image representative of a target. The method may also comprise surveying a region of interest using a RGB detector to identify a target for further inspection using NIR hyperspectral imaging.

MULTIFUNCTIONAL FLUID METER AND METHOD FOR MEASURING COOLANT, BIO-DIESEL, GAS-ETHANOL AND DEF

A simple and compact apparatus, and a method, for determining the characteristics of a number of fluids used in the truck and automotive industries including coolant, bio-diesel, gas-ethanol and diesel engine fluid (DEF). The apparatus includes a sample container providing optical paths of different lengths for making measurements on a sample. The dual path length design allows the apparatus to capture both NIR and UV spectral ranges. The qualitative and quantitative properties of the fluid under test are compared to test results under normal conditions or to the properties of unused fluid. Two light sources are used within a spectrometer with each source being associated with a different optical path length. 1. An apparatus for analyzing a plurality of fluids , comprising:a portion with an opening for receiving a fluid sample holder, the fluid sample holder having a fluid receiving portion of rectangular cross-section to define a first path for radiation of first wavelengths through fluid in the fluid receiving portion, and a second path for radiation of second wavelengths through fluid in the fluid receiving portion, the first path being shorter than the second path;a first source of radiation of the first wavelengths;a second source for radiation of the second wavelengths;a spectrometer for receiving the radiation of first wavelengths and the radiation of the second wavelengths after the radiation of the first wavelengths and the radiation of the second wavelengths have passed through the fluid and the fluid sample holder.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a first set of optical elements for receiving and guiding the radiation of the first wavelengths to the spectrometer; anda second set of optical elements for receiving and guiding the radiation of the second wavelengths to the spectrometer.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first wavelengths are shorter than the second wavelengths.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first wavelengths ...

TERAHERTZ-WAVE SPECTROMETER AND PRISM MEMBER

By mating a main part with a first prism part or second prism part, a terahertz-wave spectrometer can easily switch between optical paths of a terahertz wave T propagating within a spectroscopic prism. When the main part mates with the first prism part, the terahertz wave T incident on an entrance surface passes through a depression, so as to be reflected by an arrangement part, whereby reflection spectrometry can be performed. When the main part mates with the second prism part, the terahertz wave T incident on the entrance surface is refracted by the depression, so as to pass through an object to be measured within a groove, whereby transmission spectrometry can be preformed. 1. A terahertz-wave spectrometer comprising:a light source for emitting laser light;a branching unit for splitting the laser light emitted from the light source into pump light and probe light;a terahertz-wave generator for generating a terahertz wave in response to the pump light incident thereon after branching off at the branching unit;a spectroscopic prism, having entrance and exit surfaces for the terahertz wave and an arrangement part for an object to be measured, for propagating therewithin the terahertz wave incident on the entrance surface and emitting the terahertz wave from the exit surface; anda terahertz-wave detector for receiving the terahertz wave emitted from the exit surface of the spectroscopic prism and the probe light branching off at the branching unit and detecting a correlation between the terahertz wave and the probe light;wherein the spectroscopic prism comprises:a main part having the entrance and exit surfaces, a depression formed on an upper face side, a first optical surface for collimating or converging the terahertz wave toward the depression, and a second optical surface for converging the terahertz wave having passed through the depression toward the exit surface;a first prism part, formed by a member having a refractive index substantially equal to that of ...

Total reflection spectroscopic measurement method

A total reflection measurement method using a total reflection spectrometer 1 is a total reflection measurement method comprising arranging an object to be measured on a total reflection surface 31 c of an internal total reflection prism 31 and measuring an optical constant concerning the object 34 according to a terahertz wave totally reflected by the total reflection surface 31 c after passing the prism 31 , wherein a liquid 50 incapable of dissolving the object 34 is interposed at least between the total reflection surface 31 c and the object 34 . A force such as an adhesion force acting between the liquid 50 and the object 34 can place the object 34 closer to the total reflection surface 31 c , thereby stably generating an interaction between an evanescent component and the object 34.

TERAHERTZ-WAVE SPECTROMETER

In a terahertz-wave spectrometer, a spectroscopic prism is provided with a prism part slidable with respect to a main part thereof. Along the sliding direction, an arrangement surface in an upper face of the prism part is provided with a plurality of arrangement regions K to be arranged with objects to be measured. Therefore, after completing the measurement of optical constants for one object, the prism part is slid, so as to shift the next object onto an optical path of a terahertz wave T, whereby a plurality of objects can be measured smoothly without cleaning the arrangement surface. 1. A terahertz-wave spectrometer comprising:a light source for emitting laser light;a branching unit for splitting the laser light emitted from the light source into pump light and probe light;a terahertz-wave generator for generating a terahertz wave in response to the pump light incident thereon after branching off at the branching unit;a spectroscopic prism, having entrance and exit surfaces for the terahertz wave and an arrangement surface for an object to be measured, for propagating therewithin the terahertz wave incident on the entrance surface, causing the arrangement surface to reflect or transmit therethrough the terahertz wave, and then emitting the terahertz wave from the exit surface; anda terahertz-wave detector for receiving the terahertz wave emitted from the exit surface of the spectroscopic prism and the probe light branching off at the branching unit and detecting a correlation between the terahertz wave and the probe light;wherein, in the spectroscopic prism, a prism part including the arrangement surface is slidable with respect to a main part, while a plurality of arrangement regions to be arranged with the object are provided in the arrangement surface in the prism part along a sliding direction.2. A terahertz-wave spectrometer according to claim 1 , wherein the arrangement surface in the prism part is further provided with a reference region to be arranged ...

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

The spectrophotometer of the present invention measures a spectral reflectance of an object to be measured to thereby determine a color value of the object to be measured based on a color-matching function of an XYZ color system and the spectral reflectance. The spectrophotometer includes an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the object to be measured with light having a spectral intensity distribution in which a relative intensity at a wavelength at which the value of z reaches its peak in the color-matching function is equal to or greater than 0.5. 1. A spectrophotometer that measures a spectral reflectance of an object to be measured and determines a color value of the object to be measured based on a color-matching function of XYZ color system and the spectral reflectance , the spectrophotometer comprising:an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the object to be measured with light having a spectral intensity distribution in which a relative intensity at a wavelength at which a value of z reaches its peak in the color-matching function is equal to or greater than 0.5.2. The spectrophotometer according to claim 1 , wherein the relative intensity is 1.3. The spectrophotometer according to claim 1 , wherein the irradiation unit comprises a first light source for emitting white light and a second light source for emitting light having a spectral intensity distribution such that the intensity at the wavelength in the spectral intensity distribution is equal to or greater than a peak intensity in a spectral intensity distribution of light emitted from the first light source.4. The spectrophotometer according to claim 3 , wherein the spectral intensity distribution of the second light source has a peak at a wavelength within the range from 440 nm to 460 nm.5. The spectrophotometer according to claim 3 , wherein the peak intensity in the spectral intensity distribution of light emitted from the second light source is not less than two times of the peak ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING CARBON CONCENTRATION IN POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON

The present invention provides a method for making it possible to easily and simply measure approximate concentration of substitutional carbon impurities in a desired position in a polycrystalline silicon rod. A polycrystalline silicon plate is sliced out from a polycrystalline silicon rod and both surfaces of the polycrystalline silicon plate are mirror-polished to reduce the polycrystalline silicon plate to thickness of 2.12±0.01 mm. A calibration curve is created according to an infrared absorption spectroscopy and on the basis of a standard measurement method using a single crystal silicon standard sample having known substitutional carbon concentration and thickness of 2.00±0.01 mm, an infrared absorption spectrum in a frequency domain including an absorption zone peak of substitutional carbon of the polycrystalline silicon plate after the mirror polishing is calculated under conditions same as conditions during the calibration curve creation, and substitutional carbon concentration is calculated without performing thickness correction. 1. A method for measuring carbon concentration in polycrystalline silicon comprising:slicing out a polycrystalline silicon plate from a polycrystalline silicon rod;mirror-polishing both surfaces of the polycrystalline silicon plate to reduce the polycrystalline silicon plate to thickness of 2.12±0.01 mm;creating a calibration curve according to an infrared absorption spectroscopy and on the basis of a standard measurement method using a single crystal silicon standard sample having known substitutional carbon concentration and thickness of 2.00±0.01 mm;calculating, under conditions same as conditions during the calibration curve creation, an infrared absorption spectrum in a frequency domain including an absorption zone peak of substitutional carbon in a desired place of the polycrystalline silicon plate after the mirror polishing; andcalculating substitutional carbon concentration of the polycrystalline silicon plate on the ...

TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY DOMAIN SPECTROMETER WITH HETERODYNE DOWNCONVERSION

An apparatus for analyzing, identifying or imaging an target including first and second laser beams coupled to a pair of photoconductive switches to produce CW signals in one or more bands in a range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz focused on and transmitted through or reflected from the target; and a detector for acquiring spectral information from signals received from the target and using a multi-spectral heterodyne process to generate an electrical signal representative of some characteristics of the target. The lasers are tuned to different frequencies and a frequency shifter in the path of one laser beam allows the terahertz beam to be finely adjusted in one or more selected frequency bands. 1. A method for analyzing , identifying , or imaging an object , comprising:providing first and second lasers having different tunable frequencies for generating CW signals in the range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz;providing a frequency modulator coupled to a portion of the output beam from the first laser for tuning the frequency of said portion of the output beam from the first laser over at least a portion of the frequency range between 0 and 10 GHz and producing an output beam;combining the output beam from the frequency modulator and a portion of the output beam from the second laser to produce a first composite beam;activating a first photoconductive switch by the first composite optical beam to produce a radiative beam to be directed toward the object;activating a second photoconductive switch by a second composite optical beam from the first and second lasers; andacquiring a spectral information signal reflected from or transmitted though said object from the radiative beam and performing a heterodyne downconversion of the signal for generating an electrical signal representative of some characteristics of the object.2. A method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the frequency modulator is coupled to a portion of the output beam from the first laser for ...

MEASUREMENT STRUCTURE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME, AND MEASURING METHOD USING SAME

A measurement structure including an aperture array structure made of a metal and having a plurality of aperture portions, and a support base supporting the aperture array structure. The measurement structure is used in a measuring method by applying an electromagnetic wave to the measurement structure on which a specimen is held, detecting frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the measurement structure or reflected by the measurement structure, and measuring characteristics of the specimen. At least a first part of a surface of the aperture array structure proximal to the support base is joined to the support base, and at least a second part of the surface of the aperture array structure defines at least part of the plurality of aperture portions, the second part of the surface being proximal to the support base and not in contact with the support base. 1. A measurement structure comprising:an aperture array structure defining a plurality of aperture portions; and 'wherein at least a first part of a surface of the aperture array structure proximal to the support base is joined to the support base, and', 'a support base supporting the aperture array structure,'}at least a second part of the surface of the aperture array structure defines at least part of the plurality of aperture portions, the second part of the surface being proximal to the support base and not in contact with the support base.2. The measurement structure according to claim 1 , wherein the aperture array structure is metal.3. The measurement structure according to claim 2 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold claim 2 , silver claim 2 , copper claim 2 , iron claim 2 , nickel claim 2 , chromium claim 2 , silicon claim 2 , germanium claim 2 , etc. Of those examples claim 2 , gold claim 2 , silver claim 2 , copper claim 2 , nickel claim 2 , and chromium.4. The measurement structure according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of aperture ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING INTERSTITIAL OXYGEN CONCENTRATION

A method for determining the interstitial oxygen concentration of a sample made from a p-doped semiconductor material includes a step of heat treatment of the sample in order to form thermal donors, determining the duration of the heat treatment required to obtain a compensated semiconductor material, determining the thermal donors concentration in the sample of compensated semiconductor material, from the charge carriers concentration, and determining the oxygen concentration from the thermal donors of and the duration of the heat treatment. 1. A method for determining an interstitial oxygen concentration of a sample made from a group-IV p-type semiconductor material , comprising acceptor-type dopant impurities and having an initial charge carrier concentration and an initial resistivity , comprising the step of:a) submitting the sample to a heat treatment to form thermal donors forming donor-type dopant impurities;b) determining a duration of the heat treatment required to obtain an impurity-compensated semiconductor material;c) determining the thermal donor concentration of the sample of compensated semiconductor material from the charge carrier concentration; andd) determining the interstitial oxygen concentration from the thermal donor concentration and the duration of the heat treatment.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal donor concentration is determined from the initial charge carrier concentration.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal donor concentration is determined from the charge carrier concentration measured after the sample has passed from a p-type conductivity to an n-type conductivity.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b) comprises the steps of:i) carrying out the heat treatment for a time period;ii) measuring a resistivity of the sample, andiii) repeating steps i) and ii) until the resistivity of the sample exceeds a threshold value.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the threshold ...

GAS ANALYSER

A gas analyser is provided to measure the concentration of formaldehyde within enclosed environments such as within buildings comprising an ultraviolet light source, a sample chamber, a detector. The detector measures the intensity of light received by photosensors within a measurement range of wavelengths, and at least one reference range of wavelengths. Advantageously, the concentration of formaldehyde is determined taking into account fluctuations in the intensity of light emitted by the light source, and in the presence of any interferents such as nitrogen dioxide. 1. A gas analyser for measuring the concentration of formaldehyde in ambient air within an enclosed environment , the gas analyser comprising a sample chamber in gaseous communication with ambient air , at least one ultraviolet light source , a detector configured to receive ultraviolet light emitted by the at least one ultraviolet light source and passed through the sample chamber , and a processor ,the detector comprising at least one photosensor sensitive to ultraviolet light emitted by the at least one ultraviolet light source and operable to produce a plurality of measured ultraviolet light signals indicative of sensed ultraviolet light in each of a plurality of wavelength bands,the plurality of measured ultraviolet light signals including at least a first measured ultraviolet light signal indicative of sensed ultraviolet light in at least some of a measurement range of 337.5 nm to 346 nm or 325 nm to 332 nm, and a second said measured ultraviolet light signal indicative of sensed ultraviolet light in at least some of a reference range of 332 nm to 337 nm, 347 nm to 350 nm or 356 nm to 370 nm,wherein the processor is configured to generate a measurement output signal indicative of the concentration of formaldehyde in ambient air taking into account the first and second measured ultraviolet light signals and at least one further signal which is dependent on the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in ...

MULTI-HARMONIC INLINE REFERENCE CELL FOR OPTICAL TRACE GAS SENSING

A spectroscopic sensor and a spectroscopic method of determining a concentration of a sample are disclosed. The sensor is used in connection with a sample cell containing a sample. The sensor includes a coherent light source configured to transmit an interrogation light beam along an optical sample path directed towards the sample. The sensor also includes an in-line reference cell located in the sample path. The sensor also includes a detector having outputs responsive to absorption signals from the sample and the in-line reference cell. The sensor also includes a processor configured to isolate the reference absorption signals from the in-line reference cell and sample absorption signals from the sample cell and generate calibration information based on the reference absorption signals and determine a concentration of the sample based on the sample absorption signals. 1. A spectroscopic sensor having a sample cell containing a sample , the sensor comprising:a coherent light source configured to transmit an interrogation light beam along an optical sample path directed towards the sample;an in-line reference cell located in the sample path;a detector having outputs responsive to absorption signals from the sample and the in-line reference cell; anda processor configured to isolate the reference absorption signals from the in-line reference cell and sample absorption signals from the sample cell and generate calibration information based on the reference absorption signals and determine a concentration of the sample based on the sample absorption signals.2. The sensor of further comprising circuitry configured to tune the coherent light source across an absorption range of interest and the coherent light source is scanned across the absorption range at a lower frequency and modulated at a higher frequency.3. The sensor of wherein the coherent light source is at least one of a quantum cascade laser claim 1 , interband cascade laser claim 1 , vertical cavity laser or ...

METHOD OF ANALYZING NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE USING THE ANALYSIS METHOD

A method of analyzing a nitride semiconductor layer in which a mixing ratio at a ternary mixed-crystal nitride semiconductor layer can be analyzed non-destructively, simply, and precisely, even its surface is covered with a cap layer is provided. The nitride semiconductor layer having an AN layer or a BN layer with a thickness of 0.5 to 10 nm that is stacked on an ABN layer (A and B: 13 group elements, 0≦x≦1) is subjected to reflection spectroscopy to obtain a reflection spectrum of the ABN layer. Let an energy value in a peak position of the reflection spectrum be a band gap energy E, and let a band gap energy value of ABN (x=1) be Eand a band gap energy value of ABN (x=0) be E, x is calculated from Equation E=(1−x)E+xE−bx(1−x) (where b is bowing parameter corresponding to A and B). 1. A method of analyzing a nitride semiconductor layer , comprising a measurement step in which a nitride semiconductor layer having an AN layer or a BN layer with a thickness of 0.5 to 10 nm that is stacked on an ABN layer (where A and B are 13 group elements , N is nitrogen , and 0≦x≦1) is subjected to reflection spectroscopy to obtain a reflection spectrum of said ABN layer , an analysis step of obtaining a band gap energy value Eof said ABN layer from said reflection spectrum , and a calculation step of calculating x from said band gap energy value E , wherein{'sub': gap', 'x', '1-x', 'A', 'x', '1-x', 'B', 'gap', 'B', 'A, 'let an energy value in a peak position of said reflection spectrum be Ein said analysis step, and let a band gap energy value of ABN (x=1) be Eand a band gap energy value of ABN (x=0) be Ein said calculation step, x is calculated from Equation E=(1−x)E+xE−bx(1−x) (where b is bowing parameter corresponding to said A and B).'}2. A method of analyzing a nitride semiconductor layer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , instead of the energy value in the peak position of said reflection spectrum claim 1 , the energy value at a frequency which gives an extreme value ...

TERAHERTZ SENSING SYSTEM AND METHOD

Disclosed herein are a system and corresponding method for sensing terahertz radiation. The system collects terahertz radiation scattered from a target and upconverts the collected radiation to optical frequencies. A frequency-domain spectrometer senses spectral components of the upconverted signal in parallel to produce a spectroscopic measurement of the entire band of interest in a single shot. Because the sensing system can do single-shot measurements, it can sense moving targets, unlike sensing systems that use serial detection, which can only be used to sense stationary objects. As a result, the sensing systems and methods disclosed herein may be used for real-time imaging, including detection of concealed weapons, medical imaging, and hyperspectral imaging. 1. A system for sensing a signal beam from a sample at a first frequency , the system comprising:a difference-frequency generator to mix the signal beam with an optical pump beam so as to produce an optical idler beam at a second frequency equal to a difference between the first frequency and a frequency of the optical pump beam;a filter, in optical communication with the difference-frequency generator, to at least partially attenuate and/or reflect the optical pump beam and to transmit the optical idler beam; anda spectrometer, in optical communication with the filter, to detect plural spectral components of the optical idler beam in parallel at the second frequency so as to yield an indication of a spectroscopic measurement of the sample at the first frequency.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency is in a range from about 100 GHz to about 10 THz.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the difference-frequency generator comprises a second-order nonlinear medium.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the second-order nonlinear medium comprises a quasi-phase matched nonlinear medium.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the second-order nonlinear medium comprises a waveguide to guide the signal beam and ...

SPECIMEN MEASURING METHOD

The characteristics of a specimen are measured by holding the specimen on an aperture array structure having apertures, applying an electromagnetic wave to the aperture array structure, and detecting frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the aperture array structure. A liquid is directly or indirectly attached to at least a part of a first principal surface. The electromagnetic wave is applied from side including a second principal surface. The apertures of the aperture array structure have a size which does not allow the liquid to leak from the first principal surface side to the second principal surface side, and the liquid is attached to the first principal surface of the aperture array structure in a state open to an atmosphere under air pressure. 1. A measuring method for measuring characteristics of a specimen comprisingproviding an aperture array structure having a specimen held thereto and having first and second principal surfaces, apertures, and a liquid directly or indirectly on at least a part of the first principal surface in a state open to an atmosphere under air pressure, wherein the apertures of the aperture array structure have a size which does not allow the liquid to leak from the first principal surface to the second principal surface, and wherein the specimen is held on the aperture array structure,applying an electromagnetic wave to the aperture array structure from a side thereof including the second principal surface, anddetecting frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the aperture array.2. The measuring method according to claim 1 , wherein when the aperture array structure is arranged with the first principal surface is substantially horizontal claim 1 , the first principal surface is an upper surface of the aperture array structure claim 1 , and the second principal surface is a lower surface of the aperture array structure.3. The measuring method according to claim 2 , wherein the ...

Smart IV Bag with Optical IV Drug Identification Tag

This invention relates to a smart IV bag with a structurally integrated optical tag for IV drug identification and monitoring. The optical tag comprises a flow cell with a fluid channel in communication with the IV bag to sample a portion of the IV fluid onto an optical surface embedded in the flow cell. The optical surface causes a light beam to interact with the sampled IV fluid to produce a spectroscopic signal. The spectroscopic signal is then analyzed to obtain the content and concentration information of the IV fluid. Unlike traditional IV bag labels, the optical tag provides real-time, in-situ monitoring of IV fluid content and concentration, which greatly reduces the risk of mislabeling induced IV error. 1. An intravenous (IV) fluid container with pre-filled IV fluid for IV therapy , said IV fluid container comprising a structurally integrated optical IV drug identification tag , said optical IV drug identification tag comprising: a flow cell with a fluid channel in communication with said IV fluid container to sample a portion of the IV fluid; and an optical surface embedded in said flow cell , said optical surface is configured to receive said portion of the IV fluid and cause a light beam to interact with said portion of the IV fluid to produce a spectroscopic signal containing a content and concentration information of the IV fluid.2. The IV fluid container of claim 1 , wherein said optical surface is a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active surface and said spectroscopic signal is a Raman scattering signal.3. The IV fluid container of claim 1 , wherein said optical surface is a fluorescence active surface and said spectroscopic signal is a fluorescence signal.4. The IV fluid container of claim 1 , wherein said optical surface is an attenuated total reflection (ATR) surface and said spectroscopic signal is an absorption signal.5. The IV fluid container of claim 1 , wherein said optical IV drug identification tag further comprising a ...

FILTER INCIDENCE NARROW-BAND INFRARED SPECTROMETER

A system and methods for optically detecting a target atmospheric gas are disclosed and described. An imaging system can include a narrow-band optical interference filter with a center wavelength that corresponds to a feature in an absorption spectrum of a target gas at a normal angle of incidence. An optical component can receive incoming light from the target gas that has passed through the narrow-band optical interference filter, wherein the narrow-band optical interference filter is tilted relative to the optical component, which tilt shifts the wavelength of light from each target point that is able to pass through the narrow-band optical interference filter. A camera can receive the incoming light that has been focused by the optical component. Multiple image frames are collected for different orientations of the system with respect to the target and analyzed to perform hyperspectral characterization of target gas absorption. 1. A system for optically detecting a target gas , comprising:a narrow-band optical interference filter with a filter bandwidth and a center wavelength that correspond to a feature in an absorption spectrum of the target gas at a normal angle of incidence;an optical component to receive incoming light from the target gas that has passed through the narrow-band optical interference filter, wherein the narrow-band optical interference filter is tilted relative to the optical component, which tilt shifts the wavelength of light from a direction of a given target point that is able to pass through the narrow-band optical interference filter; anda camera to receive the incoming light that has been focused by the optical component; the camera having a camera focal plane.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the filter bandwidth is less than about 3 nm.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the CWL′ is shifted by less than 10 nm and by more than the filter bandwidth.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the absorption feature has a contrast of at least 10 ...

SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS CONTROL DEVICE, SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS DEVICE, SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS CONTROL METHOD, AND SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS CONTROL PROGRAM

A display unit is controlled so that a plurality of parameter setting screens respectively corresponding to a plurality of steps sequentially executed in a predetermined order in quantitation is sequentially displayed and a plurality of step indexes respectively corresponding to the plurality of steps is displayed. In a plurality of parameter setting screens, inputting of a plurality of parameters respectively corresponding to the plurality of steps is received. Each time inputting of parameters in each parameter setting screen is completed, the received parameters are set in an unchangeable manner. The display unit is controlled so that each time parameters are set in one parameter setting screen, the next parameter setting screen is displayed, and the step index corresponding to the displayed parameter setting screen which is being displayed among the plurality of step indexes is displayed in such a manner as to be distinguishable from the other step indexes. A spectrophotometer is controlled based on the set parameters. The sample is quantified by a quantitative execution unit based on the set plurality of parameters. 1. A spectroscopic analysis control device connected to a spectrophotometer for performing spectroscopic measurement of a sample and configured to quantify the sample based on parameters input from a display unit , the spectroscopic analysis control device comprising:a display control unit configured to sequentially display a plurality of parameter setting screens respectively corresponding to a plurality of steps successively executed in a predetermined order in a quantitation on the display unit and display a plurality of step indexes respectively corresponding to the plurality of steps on the display unit;a parameter reception unit configured to receive inputting of a plurality of parameters respectively corresponding to the plurality of steps on the plurality of parameter setting screens;a parameter setting unit configured to set the received ...

LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY ISOTOPIC GAS ANALYZER

The present invention provides systems and methods for measuring the isotope ratios of one or more trace gases based on optical absorption spectroscopy methods. The system includes an optical cavity containing a gas. The system also includes a laser optically coupled with the optical cavity, and a detector system for measuring absorption of laser light by the gas in the cavity. 1. A gas analyzer system for measuring an isotopic composition of a gaseous chemical species by an optical absorption spectroscopy method , the system comprises: a multipass cell containing a gas mixture with the chemical species to be measured; a laser configured to produce a laser beam directed to the multipass cell; a detector system for measuring a laser light transmitted through multipass cell; and an intelligence module comprising a processor adapted to determine an isotopic composition of the gaseous chemical species , wherein rotational-vibrational spectra of the chemical species are measured at least within two non-overlapping spectral intervals selected in such a way that a first rotational-vibrational line of a first rotational-vibrational band of a first isotopologue is located in a first spectral interval , and a second rotational-vibrational line of a second rotational-vibrational band of a second isotopologue is located in a second spectral interval , and the second rotational-vibrational band is different from the first rotational-vibrational band.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the spectral intervals selected in such a way that in the first spectral interval an absorption spectrum of the first isotopologue exceeds somewhere the sum of absorption spectra of all other isotopologues of the chemical species weighted by mole-fraction abundance figures claim 1 , and in the second spectral interval an absorption spectrum of the second isotopologue exceeds somewhere the sum of absorption spectra of all other isotopologues of the chemical species weighted by mole-fraction abundance ...

Optical Imaging System and Methods for Using the Same

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods and systems for assaying a sample for an analyte. Methods according to certain embodiments include illuminating a sample with a slit-shaped beam of light, detecting light transmitted through the sample, determining absorbance of the transmitted light at one or more wavelengths and calculating concentration of the analyte based on the absorbance to assay the sample for the analyte. Systems for practicing the subject methods are also described.

MULTI-ANGLE SPECTRAL IMAGING MEASUREMENT METHOD AND APPARATUS

A lighting device that emits illumination light from two or more angular directions onto a sample surface to be measured, an imaging optical lens, and a monochrome two-dimensional image sensor are provided. This configuration provides a method and an apparatus that take a two-dimensional image of the sample surface to be measured at each measurement wavelength and accurately measure multi-angle and spectral information on each of all pixels in the two-dimensional image in a short time. In particular, a multi-angle spectral imaging measurement method and apparatus that have improved accuracy and usefulness are provided. 1. A multi-angle spectral imaging measurement apparatus comprising:a linear or spot lighting device capable of emitting white illumination light perpendicularly onto a sample surface containing effect materials from two or more fixed angular directions;spectroscopic means for dispersing light reflected from the sample surface, the spectroscopic means being disposed above the sample surface;an imaging lens forming an image of reflected light dispersed by the spectroscopic means;a fixed two-dimensional image sensor capable of receiving the reflected light through the imaging lens to take an image of the sample surface; anda white reference surface provided around the entire sample surface;the multi-angle spectral imaging measurement apparatus acquiring spectral information on the sample surface by using changes in optical geometrical conditions in an illumination direction and an image taking direction for each pixel in a two-dimensional image taken with the two-dimensional image sensor;wherein, during calibration before measurement, an image of a reference standard white plate and the white reference surface is taken at the same time, a calibration coefficient for each pixel and each wavelength is measured, and exposure time for each of the wavelengths is determined;a two-dimensional image of the sample surface and the white reference surface provided ...

BROADBAND OR MID-INFRARED FIBER LIGHT SOURCES

An optical system includes a tunable semiconductor light emitter that generates an input beam having a wavelength shorter than about 2.5 microns, an optical isolator coupled to the emitter and configured to block reflected light into the emitter, an optical amplifier receiving the input beam and outputting an intermediate beam, and optical fibers receiving the intermediate beam and forming an output beam. A subsystem includes lenses or mirrors that deliver the output beam to a sample. The subsystem may include an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) apparatus having a sample arm and a reference arm, the output beam having a temporal duration greater than approximately 30 picoseconds, a repetition rate between continuous wave and Megahertz or higher, and a time averaged intensity less than approximately 50 MW/cm. The system may also include a light detection system collecting any of the output beam that reflects or transmits from the sample. 1. An optical system comprising:one or more tunable semiconductor light emitters configured to generate an input beam, wherein at least a portion of the input beam comprises a wavelength shorter than about 2.5 microns;one or more optical isolators coupled to the one or more tunable semiconductor light emitters and configured to substantially prevent a reflected light into the one or more tunable semiconductor light emitters;one or more optical amplifiers configured to receive at least a part of the portion of the input beam and to output an intermediate beam from one of the one or more optical amplifiers;one or more optical fibers configured to receive at least a portion of the intermediate beam and to form an output beam with an output beam wavelength;{'sup': '2', 'a subsystem comprising one or more lenses or mirrors configured to receive a received portion of the output beam, the one of more lenses or mirrors configured to deliver a delivered portion of the output beam to a sample, wherein the subsystem comprises an Optical ...

COLLISIONAL BROADENING COMPENSATION USING REAL OR NEAR-REAL TIME VALIDATION IN SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYZERS

Validation verification data quantifying an intensity of light reaching a detector of a spectrometer from a light source of the spectrometer after the light passes through a validation gas across a known path length can be collected or received. The validation gas can include an amount of an analyte compound and an undisturbed background composition that is representative of a sample gas background composition of a sample gas to be analyzed using a spectrometer. The sample gas background composition can include one or more background components. The validation verification data can be compared with stored calibration data for the spectrometer to calculate a concentration adjustment factor, and sample measurement data collected with the spectrometer can be modified using this adjustment factor to compensate for collisional broadening of a spectral peak of the analyte compound by the background components. Related methods, articles of manufacture, systems, and the like are described. 1. A method comprising:receiving validation verification data quantifying an intensity of light reaching a detector of a spectrometer from a light source of the spectrometer after the light passes through a validation gas across a known path length, the validation gas comprising a known amount of an analyte compound and an undisturbed background composition that is representative of a sample gas background composition of a sample gas to be analyzed using a spectrometer, the sample gas background composition comprising one or more background components other than the analyte compound;comparing the validation verification data with stored calibration data for the spectrometer to calculate a concentration adjustment factor; andmodifying, using the concentration adjustment factor, sample measurement data collected with the spectrometer to compensate for collisional broadening of a spectral peak of the analyte compound by the background components in the sample gas.2. A method as in claim 1 , ...

Spectrometer with Monochromator and Order Sorting Filter

A spectrometer () comprises a light source (), a monochromator () with at least one diffraction grating (), a monochromator housing (), an order sorting filter (), a microplate receptacle () and a controller (). The order sorting filter () of the spectrometer () comprises a substrate (), a first optical thin film () and a second optical thin film (), wherein, in a spatially partly overlapping and interference-free manner, the first optical thin film () is arranged on a first surface () and the second optical thin film () is arranged on a second surface () of the substrate (). A spectrometer () equipped with a respective order sorting filter is used in a scanning method for detecting the absorption spectrum of samples examined in wells () of microplates (). 11. A spectrometer () , comprising{'b': '2', '(a) a light source ();'}{'b': 3', '4, '(b) a monochromator () with at least one diffraction grating ();'}{'b': '5', '(c) a monochromator housing ();'}{'b': 7', '4', '3, '(d) an order sorting filter (), which is provided upstream or downstream of the diffraction grating () of the monochromator ();'}{'b': 12', '13', '14, '(e) a microplate receptacle () which is formed for accommodating at least one microplate (), which at least approximately has a format of microplates according to the ANSI standard and comprises a number of wells (), and'}{'b': '6', '(f) a controller (),'}{'b': 7', '1', '23', '24', '25', '24', '26', '23', '25', '27', '23, 'characterized in that the order sorting filter () of said spectrometer () comprises a substrate (), a first optical thin film () and a second optical thin film (), wherein, in a spatially partly overlapping and interference-free manner, the first optical thin film () is arranged on a first surface () of the substrate () and the second optical thin film () is arranged on a second surface () of the substrate ().'}21743476743. The spectrometer () according to claim 1 , characterized in that the order sorting filter () and the diffraction ...

SPECTROSCOPIC QUANTIFICATION OF EXTREMELY RARE MOLECULAR SPECIES IN THE PRESENCE OF INTERFERING OPTICAL ABSORPTION

Optical spectrometer apparatus, systems, and methods for analysis of carbon-14 including a resonant optical cavity configured to accept a sample gas including carbon-14, an optical source configured to deliver optical radiation to the resonant optical cavity, an optical detector configured to detect optical radiation emitted from the resonant cavity and to provide a detector signal; and a processor configured to compute a carbon-14 concentration from the detector signal, wherein computing the carbon-14 concentration from the detector signal includes fitting a spectroscopic model to a measured spectrogram, wherein the spectroscopic model accounts for contributions from one or more interfering species that spectroscopically interfere with carbon-14. 1. An optical spectrometer for analysis of carbon-14 , the optical spectrometer comprising:a resonant optical cavity configured to accept a sample gas including carbon-14;an optical source configured to deliver optical radiation to the resonant optical cavity;an optical detector configured to detect optical radiation emitted from the resonant cavity and to provide a detector signal; anda processor configured to compute a carbon-14 concentration from the detector signal;wherein computing the carbon-14 concentration from the detector signal includes fitting a spectroscopic model to a measured spectrogram;wherein the spectroscopic model accounts for contributions from one or more interfering species that spectroscopically interfere with carbon-14.2. The optical spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the interfering species have greater concentration in the sample gas than the concentration of carbon-14 in the sample gas.3. The optical spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the rare species has an abundance of 1000 parts per trillion or less in the sample gas claim 1 , and wherein the carbon-14 concentration in the sample gas is quantified with a precision of 10% of the abundance or better.4. The optical spectrometer of claim 1 , ...

Mems optical device comprising a mems magnetic sensing mechansim and mems light absorbing structure

A MEMS optical device and an array composed thereof are disclosed herein, wherein the MEMS optical device comprises a light absorbing element, a deforming element, and a magnetic detector, wherein the magnetic detector comprises a magnetic source and a magnetic sensor.

OPTICAL METHOD TO MEASURE THE THICKNESS OF COATINGS DEPOSITED ON SUBSTRATES

Methods and apparatus for measuring a thickness of a coating on an object are provided. Light is directed toward the object at a predetermined location on the object such that a portion of the light interacts with the object. An image having at least two wavelength channels (e.g., color channels) is captured that is produced by the portion of the light interacting with the object. A relative shift is determined between each of the at least two wavelength channels, based on a histogram of each wavelength channel of the at least two wavelength channels. At least one of the thickness or an acceptability of the coating on the object is determined based on the determined relative shift. 1. An apparatus for measuring a thickness of a coating on an object , the apparatus comprising:at least one light source configured to direct light toward the object at a predetermined location on the object, a portion of the light interacting with the object; a detector configured to capture an image comprising at least two wavelength channels produced by the portion of the light interacting with the object; and a measurement device coupled to the detector configured to:determine a relative shift between each of the at least two wavelength channels based on a histogram of each wavelength channel of the at least two wavelength channels, and determine at least one of the thickness or an acceptability of the coating on the object based on the determined relative shift.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two wavelength channels is a color channel and the relative shift is a relative color shift.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a display configured to display at least one of the determined thickness claim 1 , an indication that the determined thickness is acceptable claim 1 , or an indication the determined thickness is not acceptable.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the measurement device is configured to:compare a characteristic of each histogram ...

Optical System for Reference Switching

Systems and methods for determining one or more properties of a sample are disclosed. The systems and methods disclosed can be capable of measuring along multiple locations and can reimage and resolve multiple optical paths within the sample. The system can be configured with one-layer or two-layers of optics suitable for a compact system. The optics can be simplified to reduce the number and complexity of the coated optical surfaces, et al. on effects, manufacturing tolerance stack-up problems, and interference-based spectroscopic errors. The size, number, and placement of the optics can enable multiple simultaneous or non-simultaneous measurements at various locations across and within the sample. Moreover, the systems can be configured with an optical spacer window located between the sample and the optics, and methods to account for changes in optical paths due to inclusion of the optical spacer window are disclosed. 124-. (canceled)25. A system for determining properties of a sample , the system comprising:one or more light sources;a detector array; and illumination optics; and', the illumination optics and the first collection optics are formed on one or more surfaces of the first substrate;', 'the illumination optics configured to receive light emitted by the one or more light sources and redirect the light towards the sample; and', 'the first collection optics configured to receive at least a portion of a return of the light and redirect the light towards the detector array; and', 'the detector array configured to detect the light redirected by the first collection optics and generate one or more signals indicative of the properties of the sample., 'first collection optics, wherein], 'a first substrate comprising26. The system of claim 25 , further comprising:second collection optics configured to receive and redirect at least the portion of the return of the light to the first collection optics.27. The system of claim 26 , wherein the second collection ...

SPECTROSCOPIC MEASURING DEVICE AND METHOD TO DETERMINE CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS

The invention relates to a method for determining concentrations of absorbing gases by means of a spectroscopic measuring device, wherein wavelength-dependent measurement values for a light intensity are obtained and a wavelength-dependent measurement value function is represented based on these values. A wavelength-dependent theoretical function is defined, which includes as parameters a calibration parameter and the concentrations. The calibration parameter is defined as a function of a device parameter and a correction parameter that depends on the concentrations. A cycle comprising a sequence of steps is performed several times in a row, wherein in a first step a numerical value for the correction factor is calculated from stipulated assumed values of the concentrations, wherein in a second step the theoretical function is determined using the calculated numerical value, wherein in a third step values for the concentrations are obtained by a curve adjustment calculation between the theoretical function determined in the second step and the measurement value functions and are stipulated as new assumed values. The assumed values obtained in the third step of the last cycle are output as new measured values. 1. A method for determining at least one concentration of at least one absorbing gas in a gas mixture to be measured by means of a spectroscopic measuring device , which comprises a light source , a measuring cell comprising an optical resonator , a detector and a computer unit , wherein the gas mixture is arranged in the measuring cell and a light beam is sent to the measuring cell through an entrance of the measuring cell by means of the light source , wherein wavelength-dependent measurement values for a light intensity of light leaving from an exit of the measuring cell are obtained by means of the detector , wherein a wavelength-dependent shape of the light intensity is represented as a wavelength-dependent measurement value function and wherein a curve ...

TERAHERTZ WAVE DETECTION DEVICE AND ARRAY SENSOR

A terahertz wave detection device includes a low-dimensional electron system material formed on a substrate; and a first electrode and a second electrode opposingly arranged on a two-dimensional plane of the low-dimensional electron system material. The first electrode and the second electrode are made of metals having different thermal conductivity. An 8-element array sensor includes eight terahertz wave detection devices aligned in an array. The terahertz wave detection device includes carbon nanotube film; a first electrode disposed on one side of the carbon nanotube film; and a second electrode disposed on the other side of the carbon nanotube film. The first electrode and the second electrode have different thermal conductivity. 1. A terahertz wave detection device comprising:a low-dimensional electron system material formed on a substrate; anda first electrode and a second electrode opposingly arranged on a two-dimensional plane of the low-dimensional electron system material,wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are made of metals having different thermal conductivity.2. The terahertz wave detection device according to claim 1 ,wherein a difference between conductivity of the first electrode and conductivity of the second electrode is a predetermined value or more.3. The terahertz wave detection device according to claim 1 ,wherein the low-dimensional electron system material is a carbon nanotube accurately oriented in a two-dimensional direction of the two-dimensional plane.4. The terahertz wave detection device according to claim 3 ,wherein the carbon nanotube has a single layer.5. The terahertz wave detection device according to claim 1 ,wherein the low-dimensional electron system material is a graphene having a single layer or plural layers.6. An array sensor comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'terahertz wave detection devices according to aligned in an array,'}wherein the array sensor radiates a THz wave onto a ...

MULTI PARAMETER SWIMMING POOL FLUID ANALYSIS AND REGULATING METHOD AND DEVICE

There may be provided a system comprising a spectroscopic device; wherein the spectroscopic device is configured to analyze a fluid of a pool. 1. A system for determining the values of a multiplicity of kinetic parameters in a swimming-pool fluid , said parameters including at least: the pH level , the concentration of Hypochlorite ions (OCl—) , and the concentration of Cyanuric acid , said system comprising the following components:an integrated energy source;an integrated sensing detector package attached to the inside area of the swimming pool skimmer;integrated electronics coupled to said package for receiving a signal generated by the sensing detector, and providing output of the sensor measurement properties of the said sample of fluid;wherein said integrated electronics incorporate on-board data communications components, configured to output results to monitoring computer using wired or wireless communications.2. The system of wherein sensing detector package is having an optic sensing detector claim 1 , configured to perform spectroscopic measurements of the said fluid.3. The system of wherein sensing detector package is having a spectroscopic sensing detector claim 1 , configured to perform spectroscopic measurements of the said fluid.4. The system of wherein said integrated electronics incorporate a processor claim 1 , configured to analyze the signals generated by said spectroscopic sensing detector and obtain the values of the said multiplicity of kinetic parameters.5. The system of further comprising a sample window or cell claim 1 , adjacent to said package and dimensionally designed to match an active area of the spectroscopic sensing detector claim 1 , enabling the spectroscopic detector to perform spectroscopic measurements on a sample of the said fluid.6. The system of claim 3 , wherein the multiplicity of kinetic parameters in the swimming-pool fluid includes the Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) level.7. The system of claim 2 , wherein the ...

Wide Range Gas Detection Using an Infrared Gas Detector

Method for wide range gas detection using a gas detection system comprising a sample gas inlet, a reference gas inlet, a gas modulation valve and a gas analyzer, wherein the gas modulation valve alternatingly connects the sample gas inlet to the gas analyzer during a sample gas time period and the reference gas inlet to the gas analyzer during a reference gas time period, characterized in that the sample gas time period is shorter than the reference gas time period such that the sample gas concentration in the gas analyzer is reduced. 1. A method for wide range gas detection using a gas detection system comprising a sample gas inlet , a reference gas inlet , a gas modulation valve , and a gas analyzer , the method comprising alternatingly connecting , using the gas modulation valve , the sample gas inlet to the gas analyzer during a sample gas time period and the reference gas inlet to the gas analyzer during a reference gas time period ,the sample gas time period is shorter than the reference gas time period such that a concentration of sample gas in the gas analyzer is reduced.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a number of gas pulses in the gas analyzer generated by switching between the sample gas inlet and the reference gas inlet claim 1 , by alternatingly connecting using the gas modulation valve claim 1 , is larger than 1 during gas analysis.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the number of gas pulses is more than 5.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising analyzing a measurement signal of the gas analyzer at a detection frequency being an integer multiple of a gas modulation frequency at which the gas modulation valve switches between the sample gas inlet and the reference gas inlet.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the measurement signal generated by the gas analyzer is additionally analyzed at an additional frequency or at several additional frequencies each being integer multiples of the gas modulation frequency ...

RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL FIBER SPECTROMETER IN A LIGHTING DEVICE

A spectrometer-equipped lighting device detects substances in an environment around the device. A fiber detector is optically coupled to receive light from a light source. The fiber detector has a bare area from which emanates an evanescent wave of light surrounding an exterior of the fiber detector to interact with the environment in which the fiber detector is exposed. The spectrometer, optically coupled to an opposite end of the fiber detector, detects the light output and in response, generates signals representative of the spectral power distribution of the light of the evanescent wave that has interacted with the surrounding environment. A controller analyzes the spectrometer generated signals and initiates action based on the analysis of the generated signals or outputs a report indicating an environmental condition detected by the spectrometer-equipped device. 1. A system comprising: a spectrometer light source integrated within the first lighting device; and', 'a first processor coupled to output control signals to the spectrometer light source causing the spectrometer light source to output light in a predetermined direction; and, 'a first lighting device comprising a light source integrated within the second lighting device configured to emit general illumination light into an environment in space to be illuminated by the second lighting device;', 'a spectrometer integrated within the second lighting device; and', 'a second processor coupled to the spectrometer to process spectral power distribution measurements from the spectrometer to selectively detect a plurality of different environmental conditions in the environment in which the second lighting device is located,', 'wherein the spectrometer of the second lighting device is aligned to receive a portion of the light output by the spectrometer light source of the first lighting device; and, 'a second lighting device, comprising a first end optically coupled to the spectrometer light source of the ...

ATR SPECTROMETER AND METHOD FOR ANALYSING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A SAMPLE

The invention relates to an ATR spectrometer for analysing the chemical composition of a sample, wherein the ATR spectrometer () comprises an ATR crystal (), at least one infrared light source () being arranged on the entry surface (), a line array () of infrared light detectors, at least one single infrared light detector (), wherein the at least one infrared light source () is adapted to emit infrared light that enters the ATR crystal and is guided to the infrared light detectors under total internal reflection and under interaction with the sample being arranged immediately adjacent to the ATR crystal, a wavelength dispersive element () being arranged in the path of the infrared light so—that the line array is adapted to measure a spectrum of the infrared light, and a wavelength filter () being arranged in the path of the infrared light to the single infrared light detector, wherein at least one of the infrared light detectors is chosen to be a chosen infrared light detector for a signal correction, and the ATR spectrometer is adapted to use the electrical signal of the chosen infrared light detectors to correct the electrical signals of all the other infrared light detectors. 1. An ATR spectrometer for analysing the chemical composition of a sample , wherein the ATR spectrometer comprises an ATR crystal having an entry surface being immediately arranged on an entry end of the ATR crystal and an exit surface being immediately arranged on an exit end of the ATR crystal which is arranged opposite to the entry end , at least one infrared light source being arranged on the entry surface , a line array of infrared light detectors being arranged on the exit surface , at least one single infrared light detector being arranged on the exit surface , wherein the at least one infrared light source is adapted to emit infrared light that enters the ATR crystal via the entry surface and is guided to the infrared light detectors under total internal reflection and under ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TISSUE VISUALIZATION

This invention is regarding a set of stand-alone or combined-use surgical tools and associated systems and methods for performing surgical procedures such as identifying hidden tissue anatomy and dissecting the periphery tissues. In particular, this invention describes tools and the associated systems and methods for visualizing hidden important structures such as arteries, veins, ureters, bile duct, bowel, nodules, tumors, and performing tissue cutting using energy-based instrument. The tools are to be operated stand-alone or by attaching to existing instruments used for minimally invasive surgery. 1. A device for visualizing an interior of a tissue having a planar surface , comprising:(a) a light source;(b) a source optical fiber in optical communication with said light source, said source optical fiber having a source terminus remote from said light source;(c) a detector optical fiber, said detector optical fiber having a detector terminus; wherein said source terminus and said detector terminus are mounted in a spaced apart configuration proximate to said terminus of said probe,', 'wherein said source terminus and said detector terminus are configured to simultaneously contact the planar surface of said tissue which said probe is placed into contact with said planar surface of said tissue;', 'wherein said detector terminus is positionable to receive diffuse light from said tissue when said source light source is activated;, '(d) a probe having said source terminus and said detector terminus mounted thereon,'}(e) a spectrometer in optical communication with said detector optical fiber and said detector terminus, said spectrometer at least for calculating a frequency spectrum said diffuse light received by said detector terminus; and(f) a display device in electrical communication with said spectrometer, said display device at least for displaying in real time said calculated frequency spectrum from said diffuse light.2. The device for visualizing an interior of a ...

Spectrophotometer

A spectrophotometer includes: an infrared light source; an interferometer; a first detector; and a monitor unit. The monitor unit includes: a second detector; and a light amount control unit. The light amount control unit is operable to control the infrared light source such that the amount comes closer to a target light amount, based on the signal. The infrared light source emits light having a first wavelength range and light having a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range. The second detector includes: a first light detection element; and a second light detection element. The first light detection element outputs to the light amount control unit a first voltage corresponding to the light having the first wavelength range. The second light detection element outputs to the light amount control unit a second voltage corresponding to the light having the second wavelength range. 1. A spectrophotometer comprising:an infrared light source that emits exiting light including light having a wavelength within an infrared range;an interferometer that generates interference light based on the exiting light input thereto;a first detector that detects light generated based on the interference light that has been output from the interferometer, and has transmitted through or reflected from a sample; anda monitor unit that monitors an output of the infrared light source, wherein a second detector that outputs a signal corresponding to an amount of the exiting light; and', 'a light amount control unit that is operable to control the infrared light source such that the amount comes closer to a target light amount, based on the signal,, 'the monitor unit includesthe infrared light source emits light having a first wavelength range and light having a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range, and a first light detection element that outputs to the light amount control unit a first voltage corresponding to the light having the first ...

POLISHING APPARATUS AND POLISHED-STATE MONITORING METHOD

A polishing apparatus capable of achieving a highly-precise polishing result is disclosed. The polishing apparatus includes an in-line film-thickness measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of the substrate in a stationary state, and an in-situ spectral film-thickness monitor having a film thickness sensor disposed in a polishing table, the in-situ spectral film-thickness monitor being configured to subtract an initial film thickness, measured by the in-situ spectral film-thickness monitor before polishing of the substrate, from an initial film thickness, measured by the in-line film-thickness measuring device before polishing of the substrate, to determine a correction value, add the correction value to a film thickness that is measured when the substrate is being polished to obtain a monitoring film thickness, and monitor a progress of polishing of the substrate based on the monitoring film thickness. 1. A polishing apparatus , comprising:a polishing table for supporting a polishing pad;a top ring configured to press a substrate against the polishing pad;an in-line film-thickness measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of the substrate when the substrate is in a stationary state; andan in-situ spectral film-thickness monitor having a film thickness sensor disposed in the polishing table, subtract an initial film thickness, measured by the in-situ spectral film-thickness monitor before polishing of the substrate, from an initial film thickness, measured by the in-line film-thickness measuring device before polishing of the substrate, to determine a correction value,', 'add the correction value to a film thickness that is measured when the substrate is being polished to obtain a monitoring film thickness, and', 'monitor a progress of polishing of the substrate based on the monitoring film thickness., 'the in-situ spectral film-thickness monitor being configured to'}2. A polished-state monitoring method , comprising:measuring an ...

SURGICAL IMAGING APPARATUS AND METHODS

A hyperspectral imaging apparatus and methods for performing hyperspectral imaging of a surgical field, involving: an external optical imaging device for externally imaging internal tissue through a surgical access port, the access port having a port wall having a light-diffusing surface texture, whereby reflectance of the port wall is decreasable, and the external optical imaging device having an illuminated exoscope, the illuminated exoscope having: a longitudinal housing; an optical imaging assembly provided within the longitudinal housing; an imaging camera interfaced with the optical imaging assembly for detecting images collected by the optical imaging assembly; and one or more illumination sources supported by the longitudinal housing, wherein an illumination axis associated with each illumination source is offset from an imaging axis of the optical imaging assembly; a remote light source; a spectral filtering device in optical communication with the remote light source; and a light guide having a proximal end in optical communication with an output of the spectral filtering device and one or more distal ends, wherein each distal end is in optical communication with an illumination source. 1. A hyperspectral imaging apparatus for performing hyperspectral imaging of a surgical field , the apparatus comprising: a longitudinal housing;', 'an optical imaging assembly provided within the longitudinal housing;', 'an imaging camera interfaced with the optical imaging assembly for detecting images collected by the optical imaging assembly; and', 'one or more illumination sources supported by the longitudinal housing, wherein an illumination axis associated with each illumination source is offset from an imaging axis of the optical imaging assembly;, 'an external optical imaging device for externally imaging internal tissue through a surgical access port, the access port comprising a port wall having a light-diffusing surface texture, whereby reflectance of the port ...

Infrared absorption spectroscopy

The present invention relates to an infrared absorption spectroscopy apparatus including an infrared transparent substrate comprising a first and second surface, an array of plasmonic nano-antennas arranged on the first surface of the infrared transparent substrate, a flow cell for holding a liquid to allow spectroscopy measurements in a liquid environment, the array of plasmonic nano-antennas being located inside the flow cell, an optical source providing an incident light probe signal incident on at least a part of the array of plasmonic nano-antennas via the second surface of the infrared transparent substrate, and an optical element to collect reflected light signal reflected by said part of the array of plasmonic nano-antennas.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN ABSORBANCE DETECTOR WITH OPTICAL REFERENCE

Systems and methods are provided for a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, such as a UV-VIS detector unit included in a high-performance liquid chromatography system. In one example, a system for the UV-VIS detector unit may include a first light source, a signal detector, a flow path positioned intermediate the first light source and the signal detector, a second light source, and a reference detector. The first light source, the signal detector, and the flow path may be aligned along a first axis, and the second light source and the reference detector may be aligned along a second axis, different than the first axis. 1. A system comprising:a first light source;a signal detector configured to receive light output by the first light source;a flow path positioned intermediate the first light source and the signal detector, where the first light source, the signal detector, and the flow path are aligned along a first axis;a second light source; anda reference detector configured to receive light output by the second light source, the second light source and the reference detector aligned along a second axis, different than the first axis, where the light output by the second light source is not diverted to any sample.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second light sources are mounted on a common substrate claim 1 , the second axis is parallel to the first axis claim 1 , and no portion of the light output by the first light source is diverted to the reference detector.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the common substrate is coupled to a thermal control device.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the common substrate claim 2 , the first light source claim 2 , and the second light source are housed on a removable module claim 2 , the removable module configured to be inserted and removed from a housing that houses the signal detector claim 2 , the flow path claim 2 , and the reference detector claim 2 , and wherein the signal detector claim 2 , the flow path claim 2 ...

Process and system for sample analysis

Components resolved in time by a separator accumulate in a sample cell and are analyzed by electromagnetic radiation-based spectroscopic techniques. The sample cell can be configured for multiple path absorption and can be heated. The separator can be a gas chromatograph or another suitable device, for example a distillation-based separator. The method and system described herein can include other mechanical elements, controls, procedures for handling background and sample data, protocols for species identification and/or quantification, automation, computer interfaces, algorithms, software or other features.

Analyte system and method for determining hemoglobin parameters in whole blood

A light-emitting module for use in a system for measuring whole-blood hemoglobin parameters or whole-blood bilirubin parameters. The light-emitting module includes an LED light source capable of emitting light wherein the light is directed thereby defining an optical path and a plurality of optical components. The plurality of optical components includes a collimating lens, a first optical diffuser, a circular polarizer, and a focusing lens wherein the plurality of optical components is disposed within the optical path of the light from the LED light source 1. A light-emitting module for use in a system for measuring whole-blood hemoglobin parameters or whole-blood bilirubin parameters , the light-emitting module comprising:an LED light source capable of emitting light wherein the light is directed thereby defining an optical path; and a collimating lens;', 'a first optical diffuser;', 'a circular polarizer; and', 'a focusing lens wherein the plurality of optical components is disposed within the optical path of the light from the LED light source., 'a plurality of optical components comprising2. The light-emitting module of further comprising a protective window disposed downstream of the plurality of optical components.3. The light-emitting module of further includes a light-emitting module substrate that contains an electrical circuit and a light-emitting optics assembly.4. The light-emitting module of wherein the light-emitting optics assembly has an optics assembly housing with an optics assembly end wherein the optics assembly housing supports the plurality of optical components.5. The light-emitting module of wherein the circular polarizer is downstream from the first optical diffuser.6. The light-emitting module of wherein the focusing lens is downstream from the circular polarizer. The present invention relates generally to spectroscopic systems and methods for the identification and characterization of hemoglobin parameters in blood.An ultraviolet-visible ...

Analyte system and method for determining hemoglobin parameters in whole blood

A calibrating-light module for use in a system for measuring whole-blood hemoglobin parameters or whole-blood bilirubin parameters. The calibrating-light module includes a calibrating module housing, a light beam receiving portion connected to a first end of the calibrating module housing, a calibrating light portion connected to a side of the calibrating module housing wherein the side is transverse to the first end, and an optic fiber portion connected to a second end of the calibrating module housing wherein the calibrating module housing, the light beam receiving portion and the optic fiber portion are aligned with an optical path and the calibrating light portion is spaced from and transverse to the optical path. 1. A calibrating-light module for use in a system for measuring whole-blood hemoglobin parameters or whole-blood bilirubin parameters , the calibrating-light module comprising:a calibrating module housing;a light beam receiving portion connected to a first end of the calibrating module housing;a calibrating light portion connected to a side of the calibrating module housing wherein the side is transverse to the first end; andan optic fiber portion connected to a second end of the calibrating module housing wherein the calibrating module housing, the light beam receiving portion and the optic fiber portion are aligned with an optical path and the calibrating light portion is spaced from and transverse to the optical path.2. The calibrating-light module of wherein the calibrating module housing includes a first tubular conduit extending from the first end to the second end.3. The calibrating-light module of wherein the first end has a light beam input opening and the second end has a light beam exit opening.4. The calibrating-light module of wherein the calibrating module housing has a second tubular conduit that is transverse to and intersects with the first tubular conduit.5. The calibrating-light module of wherein the calibrating light portion has a ...

Analyte system and method for determining hemoglobin parameters in whole blood

An optical component group for use in a spectrometer module of a system for measuring whole-blood hemoglobin parameters or whole-blood bilirubin parameters. The optical component group includes a light dispersing element and an achromatic lens assembly disposed between the light dispersing element and a light entrance port of the spectrometer module where the achromatic lens assembly is thermo-compensating permitting thermal expansion and contraction of the achromatic lens assembly in a linear direction where the linear directions is also transverse to a light beam from the light entrance port through the achromatic lens assembly and to the light dispersing element and back through the achromatic lens assembly. 1. An optical component group for use in a spectrometer module of a system for measuring whole-blood hemoglobin parameters or whole-blood bilirubin parameters , the optical component group comprising:a light dispersing element; andan achromatic lens assembly disposed between the light dispersing element and a light entrance port of the spectrometer module and wherein the achromatic lens assembly is thermo-compensating permitting thermal expansion and contraction of the achromatic lens assembly in a linear direction wherein the linear directions is also transverse to a light beam from the light entrance port through the achromatic lens assembly and to the light dispersing element and back through the achromatic lens assembly.2. The group of wherein the achromatic lens assembly includes a lens mount having a fixed mount end fixedly connected to one of a spectrometer base or a baseplate and an unfixed mount end that permits thermal expansion and contraction of the lens mount in a linear direction toward or away from the fixed mount end.3. The group of wherein the achromatic lens assembly includes an achromatic lens fixedly attached to the lens mount.4. The group of wherein the achromatic lens is a spherical achromatic lens.5. The group of wherein the unfixed ...

ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING FILM, SOLAR CELL INCLUDING THE ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING FILM, AND METHOD OF PREDICTING STRENGTH OF THE ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING FILM FOR THE SOLAR CELL

An anti-reflective coating film is formed from a coating solution composition that includes a silane-based precursor. When measured via Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy using a wavelength of 1064 nm, the coating solution composition exhibits a peak intensity ratio I/Iand a peak intensity ratio I/Iof equal to or greater than 0.47, respectively. The peak intensity Iis in a range of about 930 cmto about 960 cm, the peak intensity Iis in a range of about 1110 cmto about 1130 cm, and the peak intensity Iis in a range of about 1020 cmto about 1050 cm. A solar cell including the anti-reflective coating film, and a method of predicting the strength of the anti-reflective coating film for the solar cell have been disclosed. 1. An anti-reflective coating film formed from a coating solution composition comprising a silane-based precursor , wherein the coating solution composition exhibits a peak intensity Irepresenting a Si—OH bond in a range of about 930 cmto about 960 cm; a peak intensity Irepresenting a Si—O—Si bond in a range of about 1110 cmto about 1130 cm; and a peak intensity Irepresenting a Si—O—R (wherein R is a C-Calkyl) in a range of about 1020 cmto about 1050 cmmeasured via Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy using a wavelength of 1064 nm , wherein a peak intensity ratio I/Iand a peak intensity ratio I/Iare each equal to or greater than 0.47.2. The anti-reflective coating film according to claim 1 , wherein the silane-based precursor comprises from about 30 to about 100 parts by weight of methyltrimethoxysilane based on 100 parts by weight of the silane-based precursor.3. The anti-reflective coating film according to claim 2 , wherein the silane-based precursor further comprises at least one selected from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3-GPTMS).4. The anti-reflective coating film according to claim 3 , wherein the TEOS is from about 10 to about 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the silane- ...

INCREASED SPECTROMETER FIELD OF VIEW

Aspects relate to mechanisms for increasing the field of view of a spectrometer. An optical device may be configured to simultaneously couple light from different locations (spots) on a sample to the spectrometer to effectively increase the spectrometer field of view. The optical device can include a beam combiner and at least one reflector to reflect light beams from respective spots on the sample towards the beam combiner. The beam combiner can combine the received light beams from the different spots to produce a combined light beam that may be input to the spectrometer. 1. An optical device , comprising:a beam combiner optically coupled to receive a first light beam from a first spot on a sample and a second light beam from a second spot different from the first spot on the sample, wherein the beam combiner is further configured to combine the first light beam and the second light beam to produce a combined light beam;at least one reflector optically coupled to reflect at least one of the first light beam or the second light beam from the sample towards the beam combiner; anda spectrometer optically coupled to receive the combined light beam at an input thereof and configured to obtain a spectrum of an extended spot area on the sample based on the combined light beam, wherein the extended spot area comprises the first spot and the second spot.2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reflector comprises a first reflector and a second reflector.3. The optical device of claim 2 , wherein the first reflector and the second reflector each comprise a 45 degree flat mirror.4. The optical device of claim 2 , wherein the first reflector and the second reflector each comprise a curved mirror.5. The optical device of claim 2 , wherein the beam combiner comprises two mirrors perpendicular to each other.6. The optical device of claim 2 , further comprising:a first unit cell comprising the first reflector and a first flat mirror of the beam combiner; anda ...

Variable Laser Energy Multi-Spectrometer for Gas and Particulate Chemicals in Air

The present invention relates to the design, construction, and operation of a laser air-sampling multi-spectrometer; its operation with variable laser energy to simultaneously and/or sequentially perform spectrometric techniques of LAS, LEFS, RSS, and LIBS. The combined spectrometric operation will detect gas and particulate chemicals directly in a flowing stream of air sample and/or particulate chemicals on filter collected from the flowing stream of air sample. 1. A spectrometer system comprising:an optical section;a laser source;a first beam splitter;a second beam splitter;a filter wheel; anda spectrometer coupled to the optical section;wherein the laser source directs energy to the first beam splitter, wherein the first beam splitter directs energy towards the optical section in a first direction and towards the second beam splitter in a second direction, wherein the second beam splitter directs energy towards the optical section in a third direction and towards a fourth direction.2. The spectrometer system of claim 1 , further comprising:a collimating scope disposed between the optical section and the second beam splitter;a filter photodiode disposed along the fourth direction; anda delay gate section electrically coupled to the filter photodiode and the spectrometer.3. The spectrometer system of claim 2 , further comprising:a beam blocker disposed between the first beam splitter and a focusing lens;the focusing lens disposed between the beam blocker and the optical section; anda laser filter disposed between the optical section and the spectrometer.4. The spectrometer system of claim 3 , the optical section comprising:an inlet aperture;an outlet aperture; anda collection filter coupled to the outlet aperture.5. The spectrometer system of claim 4 , further comprising:a pump coupled to the optical section at the outlet aperture.6. The spectrometer system of claim 5 , wherein the optical section is an optical sphere.7. The spectrometer system of claim 1 , wherein ...

SPECTROMETRY DEVICE

A spectrometry device includes a first converter that processes a reception signal based on an irradiation light from a first emitter, a second converter that processes a reception signal based on an irradiation light from a second emitter, and a controller that controls the first emitter and the second emitter. The reception signal based on the irradiation light irradiated from the first emitter includes a first reception signal and a second reception signal that each include information that relates to an optical spectrum. When the controller stops the operation of the second emitter, the first converter converts the first reception signal into a first digital signal and the second converter converts the second reception signal into a second digital signal. 1. A spectrometry device , comprising:a first converter that processes a reception signal based on an irradiation light from a first emitter;a second converter that processes a reception signal based on an irradiation light from a second emitter; anda controller that controls the first emitter and the second emitter, whereinthe reception signal based on the irradiation light irradiated from the first emitter includes a first reception signal and a second reception signal that each include information that relates to an optical spectrum, andwhen the controller stops the operation of the second emitter, the first converter converts the first reception signal into a first digital signal and the second converter converts the second reception signal into a second digital signal.2. The spectrometry device of claim 1 , wherein when the first converter converts the first reception signal into the first digital signal during a first time period claim 1 , the controller analyzes the optical spectrum based on the first reception signal converted during the first time period.3. The spectrometry device of claim 2 , wherein when the second converter converts the second reception signal into the second digital signal during a ...

EVALUATOR, MEASUREMENT APPARATUS, EVALUATING METHOD, AND NON-TRANSITORY RECORDING MEDIUM

An evaluating method includes obtaining, by an imaging device, a two-dimensional reflected light amount distribution of a surface of a target; classifying, by one or more processors, the surface into a plurality of areas on the basis of chromaticity information of the two-dimensional reflected light amount distribution; and evaluating, by one or more processors, appearance characteristics of the target on the basis of respective sets of chromaticity information of the areas. 1. An evaluating method comprising:obtaining, by an imaging device, a two-dimensional reflected light amount distribution of a surface of a target;classifying, by one or more processors, the surface into a plurality of areas on the basis of chromaticity information of the two-dimensional reflected light amount distribution; andevaluating, by one or more processors, appearance characteristics of the target on the basis of respective sets of chromaticity information of the areas.2. The evaluating method according to claim 1 , whereinthe evaluating includes evaluating the appearance characteristics of the target using an average of chromaticity information for each of the areas.3. The evaluating method according to claim 1 , further comprisingsetting a threshold value for the chromaticity information of the two-dimensional reflected light amount distribution,whereinthe classifying includes determining a pixel having chromaticity information greater than or equal to the threshold value as belonging to a particle area and a pixel having chromaticity information smaller than the threshold value as belonging to a base area.4. The evaluating method according to claim 1 , further comprisingsetting a particle area extraction threshold value and a base area extraction threshold value for the chromaticity information of the two-dimensional reflected light amount distribution,whereinthe classifying includes determining a pixel having chromaticity information greater than or equal to the particle area ...

Reference Switch Architectures for Noncontact Sensing of Substances

This relates to systems and methods for measuring a concentration and type of substance in a sample at a sampling interface. The systems can include a light source, optics, one or more modulators, a reference, a detector, and a controller. The systems and methods disclosed can be capable of accounting for drift originating from the light source, one or more optics, and the detector by sharing one or more components between different measurement light paths. Additionally, the systems can be capable of differentiating between different types of drift and eliminating erroneous measurements due to stray light with the placement of one or more modulators between the light source and the sample or reference. Furthermore, the systems can be capable of detecting the substance along various locations and depths within the sample by mapping a detector pixel and a microoptics to the location and depth in the sample. 120-. (canceled)21. A system for taking a measurement , comprising:a light source configured to output light to a sample;a first output region located at an interface of the system and configured to receive a first light from a first location within the sample;a second output region located at the interface of the system and configured to receive a second light from a second location within the sample;a detector; and first optics configured to receive the first light from the first output region and direct the first light from the first output region to the detector; and', 'second optics configured to receive the second light from the second output region and direct the second light from the second output region to the detector., 'an optics unit, comprising22. The system of claim 21 , further comprising a reference claim 21 , wherein:the light comprises is output to the sample and to the reference; and receive the second light from the reference; and', 'direct the second light to the detector., 'the optics unit further comprises third optics configured to23. The ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATION OF FRUITLET DROP

A system comprising: at least one hardware processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon program instructions, the program instructions executable by the at least one hardware processor to: receive spectral data acquired from a plurality of fruits, wherein the spectral data is obtained within a specified range of wavelengths, at a training stage, train a machine learning model on a training set comprising: (i) the spectral data, and (ii) labels indicating, with respect to each of the fruits, a drop status within a specified time period subsequent to the acquiring, and at an inference stage, apply the machine learning model to target spectral data acquired from a target fruit, to predict the drop status of the target fruit within a specified time range subsequent to the acquiring. 1. A system comprising:at least one hardware processor; and receive spectral data acquired from a plurality of fruits, wherein said spectral data is obtained within a specified range of wavelengths,', 'at a training stage, train a machine learning model on a training set comprising:', '(i) said spectral data, and', '(ii) labels indicating, with respect to each of said fruits, a drop status within a specified time period subsequent to said acquiring, and', 'at an inference stage, apply said machine learning model to target spectral data acquired from a target fruit, to predict said drop status of said target fruit within a specified time range subsequent to said acquiring., 'a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon program instructions, the program instructions executable by the at least one hardware processor to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of said fruits is a fruitlet.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said specified range of wavelengths is from 400 nm to 1000 nm.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said spectral data comprises at least one of spectral reflectance data and spectral fluorescence data.5. The ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE METABOLIC CAPACITY OF AT LEAST ONE ENZYME

A method for determining the metabolic capacity of an enzyme includes time-resolved determination of the concentration of a product in exhaled air. The product is created by metabolism of a substrate, previously administered to an individual, by an enzyme of the individual. The product concentration is determined until the maximum product concentration in the exhaled air is reached. A model function is fitted to measured values of the product concentration, obtained by the time-resolved determination of the product concentration between start and end times. The metabolic capacity of the enzyme is determined based on parameters of the model function. Determining the metabolic capacity of the enzyme takes place based on at least two parameters of the model function, wherein the maximum value and time constant of the model function are not selected as parameters at the same time, and the start and/or end times are not selected as parameters. 1. A method for determining the metabolic capacity of at least one enzyme , comprising the following steps:time-resolved determination of the concentration of a product in the air exhaled by an individual, wherein the product has been created by a metabolism of a substrate, previously administered to the individual, by at least one enzyme of the individual and wherein the product concentration is determined at the least until the maximum product concentration in the air exhaled by the individual is reached,fitting of a model function to measured values of the product concentration, which were obtained by the time-resolved determination of the product concentration between a start time and an end time, anddetermination of the metabolic capacity of the enzyme on the basis of parameters of the model function, which specify the model function,wherein determining the metabolic capacity of the enzyme takes place on the basis of at least two parameters of the model function, with the proviso that the maximum value of the model function ...

DISPLACEMENT SENSOR, SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTIC MEASURING APPARATUS, COLOR MEASURING APPARATUS, PLANAR MEASURED OBJECT QUALITY MONITORING APPARATUS, DISPLACEMENT MEASURING METHOD, SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTIC MEASURING METHOD, AND COLOR MEASURING METHOD

A displacement sensor includes a light source unit configured to apply light with different plural wavelengths in a direction oblique to a measurement region of a planar measured object, a spectroscope configured to measure spectral distribution of light reflected by the measurement region, a feature amount extracting module configured to extract a feature amount of the spectral distribution, and a displacement calculating module configured to calculate displacement of the measurement region based on the extracted feature amount and a relation between displacement and a feature amount acquired previously. 1. A displacement sensor comprising:a light source unit configured to apply measuring light in a direction oblique to a surface including a measurement region of a planar measured object;a spectroscope configured to measure a spectral distribution of the measuring light reflected by the measurement region;a feature amount extracting module configured to extract a feature amount of the spectral distribution; anda displacement calculating module configured to calculate a displacement of the measurement region based on the extracted feature amount and a relation between the displacement and a feature amount acquired previously,wherein the light source unit includes a light source configured to emit light with a wavelength of a predetermined range, and an optical element in which a transmission wavelength or a reflection wavelength changes according to an incidence angle or an incidence position,wherein the measuring light is light whose wavelength changes according to an emission direction, which is generated by applying the light from the light source to the optical element obliquely at an angle where an optical axis of the light source is constant,wherein a wavelength distribution is generated on the surface including the measurement region by the measuring light so that the light reflected from the measurement region is changed according to the displacement of the ...

Laser illuminated gas imaging

Aspects of the invention generally relate to illumination gas imaging and detection. Camera systems can illuminate a target scene with light sources configured to emit absorbing and non-absorbing wavelengths with respect to a target gas. An image of the target scene illuminated with a non-absorbing wavelength can be compared to a non-illuminated image of the target scene in order to determine information about the background of the target scene. If sufficient light of the non-absorbing wavelength is scattered by the scene toward a detector, the target scene comprises an adequate background for performing a gas imaging process. A camera system can alert a user of portions of the target scene suitable or unsuitable for performing a gas imaging process. If necessary, the user can reposition the system until sufficient portions of the target scene are recognized as suitable for performing the gas imaging process.

TERAHERTZ WAVE SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND TERAHERTZ WAVE SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT METHOD

A measurement auxiliary member is placed on an arrangement surface of a prism. A measurement object is placed on an upper surface of the measurement auxiliary member. The measurement auxiliary member totally reflects the terahertz wave input from a lower surface by the upper surface and outputs the totally-reflected terahertz wave from the lower surface. A main pulse of a terahertz wave totally reflected by the upper surface of the measurement auxiliary member without multiply-reflected inside any optical element on an optical path of the terahertz wave, and a noise pulse of a terahertz wave multiply-reflected inside any optical element on the optical path and reflected on an interface between the prism and the measurement auxiliary member, are temporally separated from each other when detecting a correlation by a terahertz wave detection element. 1. A terahertz wave spectroscopic measurement apparatus comprising:a light source configured to output pulsed laser light;a branching unit configured to branch the pulsed laser light to output pump light and probe light;a terahertz wave generation element configured to generate and output a terahertz wave by inputting the pump light;a prism configured to have an input surface, an output surface, and an arrangement surface, propagate the terahertz wave output from the terahertz wave generation element and input to the input surface in the inside from the input surface to the arrangement surface, propagate in the inside from the arrangement surface to the output surface, and output the terahertz wave from the output surface to the outside;a measurement auxiliary member configured to have an input-output surface and a total reflection surface, be arranged such that the input-output surface faces the arrangement surface of the prism, allow a measurement object to be arranged on the total reflection surface, propagate the terahertz wave input to the input-output surface from the arrangement surface of the prism in the inside ...