ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЕ АКТИВНЫХ ВЫСОКОФОСФОРИЛИРОВАННЫХ ЛИЗОСОМАЛЬНЫХ ФЕРМЕНТОВ СУЛЬФАТАЗ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Изобретение относится к области биотехнологии. Представлен очищенный препарат рекомбинантного фермента N-ацетилгалактозамин-6-сульфатаза (GALNS) человека, где указанный фермент включает аминокислотную последовательность, по меньшей мере, на 95% идентичную аминокислотам 27-522 SEQ ID NO:4, пригодный для лечения субъекта, страдающего лизосомальной болезнью накопления, которая ассоциирована с GALNS, где: (a) указанный препарат фермента GALNS имеет чистоту, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 95% при определении окрашиванием кумасси синим при SDS-PAGE в невосстанавливающих условиях; и (b) остаток цистеина в положении 79, по меньшей мере, приблизительно в 50% молекул фермента GALNS в указанном препарате фермента GALNS преобразован в C-формилглицин (FGly); где указанный фермент GALNS является гликозилированным N-связанным гликозилированием по остаткам аспарагина в положениях 204 и 423, где, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 50% олигоманнозных цепей, присоединенных к остатку аспарагина в положении 204 ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭНТЕРОВИРУСОВ ДЛЯ ДИАГНОСТИКИ, ЛЕЧЕНИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ

... 1. Способ диагностики связанного с глютеном заболевания, включающий взятие образца у субъекта и определение присутствия энтеровируса в этом образце, причем присутствие энтеровируса указывает на названное заболевание. ! 2. Способ по п.1, включающий определение компонентов энтеровируса в образце. ! 3. Способ по п.2, в котором указанный компонент является белком, пептидом или нуклеиновой кислотой. ! 4. Способ по п.1, включающий определение энтеровируса иммуногистохимически. ! 5. Способ по п.1, включающий определение энтеровируса гибридизацией in situ. ! 6. Способ по п.1, включающий определение энтеровируса посредством проведения реакции РТ-ПЦР. ! 7. Способ по п.1, включающий определение энтеровируса методом NASBA или путем выявления вируса в клеточной культуре. ! 8. Применение энтеровируса, или его компонента, или антитела против указанного вируса или компонента для производства вакцины против связанного с глютеном заболевания. !9. Применение по п.8, в котором вакцина включает различные комбинации ...

Kolorimetrische Bestimmung von Magnesiumionen in Flüssigkeiten

STANDARDLÖSUNG ZUR GAS/KALZIUM-BESTIMMUNG IN BLUT.

FARBMETRISCHES VERFAHREN UND ZUSAMMENSETZUNG ZUR MENGENBESTIMMUNG VON MAGNESIUM UNTER VERWENDUNG VON (ALPHA)-GLYZERINPHOSPHAT-OXIDASE

Verfahren zur Bestimmung des intrazellularen Mineralgehaltes.

Method and tool for predicting cancer and other diseases

PROCEDURES IN CONNECTION WITH ABNORMAL PHOSPHATE METABOLISM ASSOCIATED ILLNESSES

ELECTRONIC PROCEDURES AND DEVICE FOR THE PROOF OF ANALYTEN

PROOF OF SUCCINYLACETON

OPTISCH-CHEMISCHER SENSOR

Mass spectrometry methods for simultaneous detection of metabolic enzyme activity and metabolite levels

Assays for diagnosing and evaluating treatment options for fabry disease

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as marker for diseases

The invention concerns a marker for low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS-related diseases and/or low-grade inflammation-related diseases such as cardiovasculardisease, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes. More particularly it concerns the measurement of the concentration of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in human biological fluids (sputum, cystic fluid, ascites, serum, plasma, urine) as a tool of diagnosing and/or prognosticating low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome and the risk of development of the related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Methods for treatment of disease using an epimetabolic shifter (Coenzyme Q10)

Methods and formulations for treating oncological disorders in humans using Coenzyme Q10 are described.

Method for the diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy

The present invention is related to a method for diagnosing metachromatic leukodystrophy in a subject comprising a step a), wherein the step a) comprises detecting a biomarker in a sample from the subject, wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of blood, dried blood, serum and plasma and wherein the biomarker is different from an enzyme.

Methods for diagnosing and assessing treatment for cushing's syndrome

Methods are provided for assessing a clinical response to a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (GRA) in a human subject and for diagnosing Cushing's syndrome.

Compositions,kits, and methods for identification, assessment, prevention, and therapy of metabolic disorders

The invention provides methods and compositions for selectively promoting anti- metabolic disorder activity over classical PPAR gamma activation through modulation of PPAR gamma phosphorylation (e.g., Ser-273 phosphorylation of murine peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) 2 or a corresponding serine residue in a murine PPAR gamma 2 homolog, including a human). Also provided are methods for preventing, treating, or predictiving responsiveness of therapies for metabolic disorders in a subject through selective inhibition of such PPAR gamma phosphorylation. Further provided are methods for identifying compounds that are capable of modulating such PPAR gamma phosphorylation.

Colorimetric determination of magnesium ions in fluids

Method for assaying ionized magnesium and calcium concentrations and a composition of bioavailable magnesium and calcium

METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE

Abstract The present invention is related to a method for diagnosing Niemann-Pick disease in a subject comprising a step a), wherein the step a) comprises detecting a biomarker in a sample from the subject.

NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES AND ADIPONECTIN IN SUBJECTS WITH A METABOLIC SYNDROME

The present invention is concerned with a method for predicting the risk of mortality and/or a cardiovascular event in a subject who suffers from the metabolic syndrome based on the determination of a natriuretic peptide and adiponectin in a sample of a subject. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for identifying a subject being susceptible to a therapy that intends to increase the level of adiponectin in a subject based on the determination of the aforementioned markers. Further comprised by the present invention are kits and devices adapted to carry out the method of the present invention.

METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS USING EPIMETABOLIC SHIFTERS, MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTRACELLULAR MOLECULES, OR ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCERS

Methods and formulations for treating metabolic disorders in humans using epimetabolic shifters, multidimensional intracellular molecules or environmental influencers are described.

METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING ACSF AND ACSF ANTAGONISTS

The complete amino acid and nucleotide sequence for adenylate cyclase stimulating factor is provided, thereby facilitating the synthesis of ACSF in recombinant cell culture. ACSF amino acid sequence variants and ACSF antibodies are provided which are useful in the treatment of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy or in immunoassays for ACSF. In particular, antibodies capable of binding only the C-terminal domains of ACSF are useful in immunoassays for ACSF which avoid interference by parathyroid hormone. Also provided are novel polypeptides selected from the group of the ACSF basic peptide, the ACSF C-terminal peptide, or the ACSF domain containing both of the basic and C-terminal peptides.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PEROXISOMAL DISEASES

The invention features compositions and methods for the treatment and prevention of peroxisomal diseases (e.g., neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and Zellweger syndrome), including in a subject selected as having increased levels of metallothionein polypeptides. The invention also provides compositions and methods for identifying a subject having a peroxisomal disease involving detecting metallothionein polypeptides or polynucleotdies.

EVALUATING METHOD OF KETOSIS IN POSTPARTUM DAIRY COWS

The present invention addresses the problem of providing an evaluation method and the like with which highly reliable information relating to postpartum ketosis status can be obtained antepartum . According to the present embodiment, the status of postpartum ketosis in a dairy cow is evaluated using at least one value selected from: the concentration values of 25 amino acids in the antepartum blood of the dairy cow (Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, BCAA, Cit, Cys, Glu, Gln, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, 3MeHis, Orn, Phe, Pro, Ser, Tau, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val); and the test values of 13 biochemicals in the antepartum-blood of the dairy cow (ALB, ALT, AST, BHBA, BUN, Ca, gGTP, Glc, NEFA, T-Bil, TCHO, TG, TP).

USE OF 1-DEOXYGALACTONOJIRIMYCIN OR A SALT THEREOF IN THE TREATMENT OF FABRY DISEASE

Provided are uses of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin or a salt for treating Fabry disease and/or for enhancing .alpha.-galactosidase A activity.

AGENT FOR USE IN THE CASE OF FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE

The present invention refers to an agent for use in the case of fructose intolerance and any form of impairment and affliction of health and well being which is caused by the administration of fructose or fructose containing foodstuffs or by the release of fructose in the digestive tract of humans or animals from other substances, such as e.g. sucrose. The agent according to the invention comprises 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase, optionally in combination with invertase and/or maltase and/or glucose isomerase, which enzyme or combination of enzymes is/are used in the medical field for the first time. Preferably the agent is in the form of a pharmaceutical composition which is useful for treatment of fructose intolerance.

DEVICE AND METHODS OF USING DEVICE FOR DETECTION OF AMINOACIDOPATHIES

The present invention relates to a biosensor capable of measuring the total concentration of one or a plurality of amino acids with the use of a reagentless system comprising an electrode modified by hydrogel that comprises at least one enzyme that oxidizes at least one substrate that is at least one amino acid. In some embodiments, the biosensor comprises a hydrogel comprising alginate. In some embodiments, the biosensor comprises use of a thermophilic bacterial metabolic enzyme immobilized or attached to the hydrogel.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM DISORDERS

Compositions and methods for inhibiting, treating, and/or preventing fatty acid metabolism disorders, particularly fatty acid oxidation disorders, in a subject are provided. The method comprises administering at least one S-nitrosylating agent to the subject. In a particular embodiment, the fatty acid oxidation disorder is very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD). In a particular embodiment, the S-nitrosylating agent is S-nitroso-Nacetyl-cysteine (SNO-NAC).

IMPAIRED ALLELES OF GENES INVOLVED IN METABOLIC PATHWAYS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING AND USING THE SAME

The invention is directed to enzyme variants, responsiveness thereof to cofactors, and in vivo assays for testing the activity of enzyme variants as well as the responsiveness thereof to cofactors.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING RESPONSE TO MINOXIDIL FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA

Methods, processes, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for predicting minoxidil response in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia based on colorimetric assay.

METHOD OF DIAGNOSING SJOGREN'S DISEASE

Provided are methods and compositions for determining whether an individual has Sjögren's disease (SD). The method entails determining in a biological sample from the individual the presence of antibodies directed to salivary gland protein 1 (SP-I), parotid secretory protein (PSP), carbonic anhydrase 6 (C A6), or determining a combination of the antibodies. Determining that the individual has SD is based on the presence of the antibodies. The method provides for detection of early SD. Kits for antibody detection containing the antigens to which the antibodies of SD patients are directed are also provided.

SOLUBLE MANF IN PANCREATIC BETA-CELL DISORDERS

The invention provides, in part, methods for diagnosing a pancreatic ß-cell disorder, predicting a subject's risk of developing a pancreatic ß-cell disorder, monitoring pancreatic ß- cell function or pancreatic ß-cell mass in a subject at risk of developing a pancreatic ß-cell disorder, monitoring efficacy of a treatment of a pancreatic ß-cell disorder in a subject, identifying a subject having an increased risk of developing a pancreatic ß-cell disorder, selecting a subject for treatment of a pancreatic ß-cell disorder, selecting a subject for participation in a clinical study, and detecting endoplasmic reticulum stress in a pancreatic ß- cell. These methods include determining at least one level of soluble mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in a biological sample from the subject. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing a soluble MANF protein and kits containing an antibody or an antigen-binding antibod fragment that binds specifically to a soluble ...

METHODS OF THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF NITROGEN SCAVENGING DRUGS

The present disclosure provides methods for evaluating daily ammonia exposure based on a single fasting ammonia blood level measurement, as well as methods that utilize this technique to adjust the dosage of a nitrogen scavenging drug, determine whether to administer a nitrogen scavenging drug, and treat nitrogen retention disorders.

METHOD AND REAGENT FOR THE INTERFERENCE-FREE DETERMINATION OF IRON

Method and reagent for the determination of iron in a biological sample in which the bound iron is released, the released iron is reduced to Fe2+, a colour reagent solution is added and the colour complex that is formed is measured photometrically, characterized in that a water-soluble EDTA-complexing compound in particular an indium and/or scandium salt is added to the sample.

MARKER FOR ASSOCIATED WITH ACID SFINGOMIELINAZOI DISORDERS AND ITS APPLICATION

SOLUBLE MANF IN PANCREATIC BETA-CELL DISORDERS

MARKER FOR ACID SPHINGOMYELINASE DISORDERS AND USES THEREOF

Methods and compositions

The invention relates to a method for aiding the diagnosis of a disorder in a subject, said method comprising; providing a sample from said subject wherein the sample comprises blood; assaying at least two characteristics of said sample, said characteristics selected from: the structural composition of a polypeptide comprised by said sample; a metabolite comprised by said sample; and a catalytic activity comprised by said sample, wherein each of said at least two characteristics is determined from a multiplexed analysis of the same sample. The invention also relates to certain compositions.

Kit for one-step simultaneous detection of exchangeable copper and ceruloplasmin in serum, preparation method of kit and application of kit

Use of product from plants comprising extracts, fractions and/or molecules as TGR5 specific agonist, for human or animal the preparation of drug to prevent and/or treat metabolic disorder, obesity and type II diabetes

L'invention vise l'utilisation de produits susceptibles d'être obtenus à partir de plantes, tels qu'extraits, fractions et/ou molécules comme agonistes spécifiques de TGR5. Application pour fabriquer des médicaments pour l'homme ou l'animal, notamment pour prévenir et/ou traiter des troubles métaboliques, l'obésité et/ou des maladies qui lui sont associées comme le syndrome X (syndrome métabolique), le diabète de type 2, ou pour fabriquer des compléments alimentaires pour l'homme ou l'animal.

METHOD AND REAGENT FOR DIRECT PROPORTIONING OF THE ION CHLORIDE IN THE SERUM

FABRY DISEASE BIOMARKER

BIOSENSOR AND SENSING METHOD THEREOF

A biosensor is disclosed. The biosensor comprises: an electrode array having an enzyme electrode for measuring a target material; a power driver for providing a voltage to the electrode array; and a processor for controlling the power driver to alternately provide a negative voltage and a positive voltage to the electrode array, and for controlling the power driver to provide a measurement voltage for measuring the target material to the electrode array after the alternating voltage is provided. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 (110) Electrode array (120) Power driver (130) Processor ...

AGENT FOR USE IN THE CASE OF FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE

The present invention refers to an agent for use in the case of fructose intolerance and any form of impairment and affliction of health and well being which is caused by the administration of fructose or fructose containing foodstuffs or by the release of fructose in the digestive tract of humans or animals from other substances, such as e.g. sucrose. The agent according to the invention comprises 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase, optionally in combination with invertase and/or maltase and/or glucose isomerase, which enzyme or combination of enzymes is/are used in the medical field for the first time. Preferably the agent is in the form of a pharmaceutical composition which is useful for treatment of fructose intolerance. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

métodos para o diagnóstico da doença de niemann-pick, método para determinação do curso da doença de niemann-pick, método para determinação da eficácia de pelo menos um tratamento, uso de análise espectrométrica de massa e kit

METHOD FOR PRESYMPTOMATIC DIAGNOSIS OF COELIAC DISEASE AND GLUTEN SENSITIVITY

METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING DIABETES DRUGS

The present invention relates to screening methods for diabetes drugs. In particular, the invention concerns a method for identifying a drug against diabetes comprising determining the amount of glyoxylate in a test sample of a subject suffering from diabetes or a diabetes-like condition, wherein said test sample has been taken after the subject has been brought into contact with a compound suspected to be a drug against diabetes and comparing the determined amount to a reference amount for glyoxylate, whereby a compound being a drug against diabetes is identified. Further contemplated is a method for identifying a drug against diabetes comprising contacting test cells which produce glyoxylate with a compound suspected to be a drug against diabetes for a time and under conditions which allow for said compound to interact with the cells and to affect glyoxylate production, determining the amount of glyoxylate produced in said cells, and comparing the determined amount to a reference amount ...

DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS FOR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A3 (CPA3)

The invention provides a human CPA3 which is associated with the cardiovascular diseases, infections, dermatological diseases, gastroenterological diseases, cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, hematological diseases, respiratory diseases, muscle skeleton diseases, neurological diseases and urological diseases. The invention also provides assays for the identification of compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases, infections, dermatological diseases, gastroenterological diseases, cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, hematological diseases, respiratory diseases, muscle skeleton diseases, neurological diseases and urological diseases. The invention also features compounds which bind to and/or activate or inhibit the activity of CPA3 as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds.

THE ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE TOXIC OLIGOMER IS A BIOMARKER OF HEART OR KIDNEY FAILURE IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Methods for predicting a propensity for heart or kidney failure in a diabetic or pre-diabetic individual by determining the amount and/or molecular weight of islet amyloid polypeptide present in a sample from the individual are provided.

Methods for diagnosing and treatment of conditions that alter phosphate transport in mammals

The present invention describes novel methods for diagnosis and treatment of conditions that alter phosphate transport in mammals. The fibroblast growth factor proteins and nucleotides that may be useful as a therapeutic or in the diagnosis of such conditions are also described.

Calcium receptor-active molecules

The present invention relates to the different roles inorganic ion receptors have in cellular and body processes. The present invention features: (1) molecules which can modulate one or more inorganic ion receptor activities, preferably the molecule can mimic or block an effect of an extracellular ion on a cell having an inorganic ion receptor, more preferably the extracellular ion is Ca2+ and the effect is on a cell having a calcium receptor; (2) inorganic ion receptor proteins and fragments thereof, preferably calcium receptor proteins and fragments thereof; (3) nucleic acids encoding inorganic ion receptor proteins and fragments thereof, preferably calcium receptor proteins and fragments thereof; (4) antibodies and fragments thereof, targeted to inorganic ion receptor proteins, preferably calcium receptor protein; and (5) uses of such molecules, proteins, nucleic acids and antibodies.

Method For Treating Metabolic Syndrome

Methods for detecting risks for and/or causes of metabolic syndrome or hyperferritinemia in accordance with several embodiments can include the step of measuring the level of heptadecanoic acid in a blood sample of a subject. The methods of several embodiments can further include the step of deeming the subject as having or being at risk of metabolic syndrome if the amount of heptadecanoic acid is below 0.4% of all fatty acids in the sera or plasma. The methods for treating metabolic syndrome or hyperferritinemia according to several embodiments can also include the step of administering a daily dose of heptadecanoic acid to a subject suffering from metabolic syndrome or hyperferritinemia for a period of time from three weeks to twenty-four weeks, wherein the minimum daily dose comprises about 3 mg per lb (or 6 mg per kg) of body weight.

Compositions and Methods for The Treatment of Fatty Acid Metabolism Disorders

Compositions and methods for inhibiting, treating, and/or preventing fatty acid metabolism disorders, particularly fatty acid oxidation disorders, in a subject are provided.

Method for the diagnosis of Farber's disease

The present invention is related to a method for diagnosing Farber's disease in a subject, wherein the method comprises detecting C26 ceramide in a sample from the subject.

Optical-chemical Sensor

An optical-chemical sensor which is suitable for the continuous and discontinuous determination by luminescence optics of the concentration of chloride in an aqueous sample and which comprises a luminescence indicator (I) and a polymer (H) carrying the luminescence indicator (I) is characterized in that the luminescence indicator (I) is a non-lipophile acridine or bisacridine compound and the polymer (H) is a linear-chain hydrophile polymer soluble in an organic solvent, whereby it is possible to excite the sensor by commercially available LEDs, to manufacture very large numbers thereof at a moderate cost and in a reproducible way and, preferably, to use it for the determination of physiological chloride concentrations and the sensor furthermore has a wide dynamic measuring range for the determination of chloride; a high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility; a high selectivity for chloride; and a low pH cross-sensitivity.

Method for the Diagnosis of Farber's Disease

The present invention is related to a method for diagnosing Farber's disease in a subject, wherein the method comprises detecting C26 ceramide in a sample from the subject.

МОДЕЛИ РАКА И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИЕ СПОСОБЫ

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии, и представляет собой способы противодействия онкогенной активности FGF19 у субъекта и, в конкретных вариантах осуществления, способы предотвращения или лечения заболевания, нарушения или состояния, такого как FGF19-зависимое заболевание, нарушение или состояние, или его симптомов. 3 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 51 ил., 4 табл., 12 пр.

КОМПОЗИЦИИ И МУЛЬТИПАРАМЕТРИЧЕКИЕ СПОСОБЫ АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕДИАТОРОВ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии и представляет собой способ оценки воспаления и/или резистентности к инсулину у животного путем количественного определения присутствия анализируемого вещества в сыворотке или плазме. Способ включает получение биологического образца животного, причем образец содержит набор анализируемых веществ, включающий, по меньшей мере, цитокин, хемокин, гормон и адипокин. Проводят взаимодействие образца с коллекцией молекулярных зондов, иммобилизованных отдельно друг от друга к панели для мультипараметрического анализа, для определения присутствия каждого вещества из заданного набора анализируемых веществ. Для каждого анализируемого вещества в наборе коллекция молекулярных зондов включает, по меньшей мере, один зонд, подходящий для детектирования присутствия этого анализируемого вещества. Причем каждый зонд способен производить независимо детектируемый сигнал, если анализируемое вещество присутствует в образце. Детектируют независимо сигналы, полученные после взаимодействия ...

Способ определения концентрации ионов щелочных,щелочно-земельных металлов и аммония в биологических жидкостях

... 1. СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ИОНОВ ЩЕЛОЧНЫХ, ЩЕДОЧНОЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ И АММОНИЯ В ШОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЖИДКОСТЯХ путем ; спектроскопического исследования пробы, отличающийся тем, что, с целью повышения чувствительности способа, осуществляют взаимодействие исследуемой пробы с комплексным лигаидом , выбранньм из группы: кроненэфиры , криптанды или потанды, а так- же их производные, содержащие химические мостики или депи с олиго- или полиэтиленгликолевым группами, цик-г лическим пептидом,, содержащим тетрагидрофурая , сложноэфирно-связакный макролид, валн1го а цин или нонактии, а также хромофор, выбрант из группы веществ, обладаощих полнеиовой , хиноновой, аэо-индофеяольной, стильбеновой или цианиновой структурой , или их литиевых, натриевых, калиевых, аммониевых, кальциевых или магниевых солей, причем хромофор и лиганд берут в соотноаении 1:1 на 100 или более частей исследуемой пробы. СО 2. Способ по п.1, отличающий с я тем, что осуществляютвзаимодействие исследуемой пробы с комплексным лигандом ...

Assay

Assay for adrenal autoantibodies useful in the diagnosis of Addison's Disease

The adrenal autoantigen preferably used in the assay is characterised as a protein obtainable from the microsome fraction of the adrenal gland, having a molecular weight of about 50,000 to 60,000 (preferably 55,000) and antigenic towards adrenal autoantibody. The protein in native, recombinant or modified form as well as fragments thereof comprising an epitope for adrenal autoantibody and antibodies against the protein or fragments thereof are preferably used in a method and kit for detecting adrenal autoantibodies. The autoantigen is preferably steroid 21-hydroxylase. The isolation of adrenal autoantigen-specific T cells, and the production of steroid 21-hydroxylase by yeast cells is also disclosed.

REAGENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING CALCIUM

... 1361149 Analytical reagent composition MERCK PATENT GmbH 25 July 1972 [3 Sept 1971] 34722/72 Heading G1B A reagent composition for the colorimetric determination of calcium comprises a colour reagent which forms a complex in the presence of calcium ions and a buffer system which consists of a mixture of sulphamic acid, disodium tetraborate and alkali metal carbonate. A test pack may contain tablets composed of the colour reagent and sulphamic acid, and a solution of the borate/carbonate buffer. The colour reagent may be phthalem Purple; Eriochrome Blue SE, or alizarin. The composition may also contain 8-hydroxyquinoline and may be used for testing body fluids.

VERFAHREN ZUR DIAGNOSE DES METABOLISCHEN SYNDROMS

The present invention discloses a method for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome by determination of the afamin content in a sample of a body fluid or a tissue sample, wherein the metabolic syndrome is diagnosed if the afamin content in the sample is increased compared to the afamin content in a sample from a person not having the metabolic syndrome.

PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF IGF-1 (INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1) - LACK

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GLUTAMIN OUT KATAPLEROSE OR PROTEOLYSE

TEST COMPOSITIONS TO ELECTROLYTENMESSUNG USING ALPHA AMYLASE

SCREENING PROCEDURE FOR CALCIUM RECEPTOR ACTIVE CONNECTIONS

CALCIUM SPECIFIC DIAZA-18-KRON-6-ÄTHER CHROMOIONOPHORE

METAL ION LIGAND OF CO-ORDINATION COMPLEXES, ANTIBODIES AGAINST IT AND TEST THE SUCH ANTIBODIES USING

Calcium receptor active molecules

Trimethylamine-containing compounds for diagnosis and prediction of disease

The present invention provides markers and methods for determining whether a subject, particularly a human subject, has or is at risk of developing, a disease such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) or NASH (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) (e.g., within the ensuing year, two years, and/or three years). The present application also relates to the use of such markers and methods for monitoring the status of such diseases in a subject or the effects of therapeutic agents on subjects with such diseases.

Manufacture of active highly phosphorylated human lysosomal sulfatase enzymes and uses thereof

This invention provides compositions of active highly phosphorylated lysosomal sulfatase enzymes, their pharmaceutical compositions, methods of producing and purifying such lysosomal sulfatase enzymes and compositions and their use in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, or treatment of diseases and conditions, including particularly lysosomal storage diseases that are caused by, or associated with, a deficiency in the lysosomal sulfatase enzyme.

Methods for identification, assessment, prevention, and treatment of metabolic disorders using PM20D1 and N-lipidated amino acids

The present invention relates to methods for identifying, assessing, preventing, and treating metabolic disorders and modulating metabolic processes using PM20D1 and N- lipidated amino acids.

Biomarkers for predicting degree of weight loss in female subjects

A method for predicting the degree of weight loss in a female subject attainable by applying one or more dietary interventions to a subject, said method comprising; determining the level of one or more biomarkers in one or more samples obtained from the subject, wherein the biomarkers are selected from gelsolin, apolipoprotein B-100, plasma kallikrein, protein Z- dependent protease inhibitor and plasma serine protease inhibitor.

Method for the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease

The present invention is related to a method for diagnosing Niemann-Pick disease in a subject comprising a step a), wherein the step a) comprises detecting a biomarker in a sample from the subject.

Compounds against Ralstonia pickettii for use in the treatment of insulin resistance, and method of diagnosis of insulin resistance

The invention therefore provides a compound effective against ...

Method for the diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy

The present invention is related to a method for diagnosing metachromatic leukodystrophy in a subject comprising a step a), wherein the step a) comprises detecting a biomarker in a sample from the subject, wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of blood, dried blood, serum and plasma and wherein the biomarker is different from an enzyme.

Paper support and method of recovering biological material therefrom

The present invention relates to paper supports for neonatal screening that are used for the storage and further processing of biological materials. The invention is particularly concerned with paper supports which have at least one surface coated with a chemical that enhances the recovery of the biological material from the support. Methods of preparing and using the paper supports are also described.

Method for diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism

The present invention relates to methods and kits for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). In particular, the present invention relates to the use of a new diagnostic parameter that is composed of the ratio between the Ang II level, in particular the steady state equilibrium Ang II level, and the aldosterone level in a biological sample, such as e.g. plasma. The ratio of the two measured parameters is used to diagnose PHA in patients and has clear advantages over currently used diagnostic methods.

DMBT1 AS A CLINICAL MARKER AND USES THEREOF

The current invention provides methods for determining the estrogenic activity of a compound, which includes contacting an estrogen-responsive system having a gene under the control of a DMBT1 regulatory sequence with a test compound and determining how the test compound affects expression of the gene. The invention further provides for determining the progestogenic activity of a compound, which includes contacting an estrogen- and progesterone-responsive system having a gene under the control of a DMBT1 regulatory sequence with an estrogenic activity and a test compound and determining how the test compound effects expression of the gene. Nucleic acids and cell-based systems that include a portion of the DMBT1 regulatory sequence useful for these methods are also provided.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR THE DETECTION OF 11-OXO ANDROGENS BY LC-MS/MS

Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer program products for using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of endogenous biomarkers, such as 11-oxo androgens, in a sample. The 11-oxo androgens may comprise at least one of 11-hydroxyandrostendione (11OHA), 11-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) or 11-ketotestosterone (11KT). More specifically, the methods, systems, and computer program products are described for detecting and quantifying the amount of an 11-oxo-androgen in a sample.

HSP70 PROTEIN LEVELS IN PBMC SAMPLES AS BIOMARKER FOR DISEASE

Disclosed herein are methods based on the identification of reduced Hsp70 levels in PBMC samples serving as a biomarker for diseases presenting with a reduced level of Hsp70, such as lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and muscular diseases.

METHOD TO IDENTIFY COMPOUNDS USEFUL TO TREAT DYSREGULATED LIPOGENESIS, DIABETES, AND RELATED DISORDERS

Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods of identifying compounds that neutralize the ability of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) agonist 2-arachidonylglycerol (2- AG) in complex with its obligate binding partner adipocyte lipid binding protein (aP2) from agonizing CBl signaling in peripheral tissues. Further provided herein are methods of treating a disorder associated with dysregulated or abnormal hepatic de novo lipogenesis and/or hepatic selective insulin resistance by inhibiting cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) agonist 2- arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) in complex with its obligate binding partner adipocyte lipid binding protein (aP2) from binding and agonizing CB1.

METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING AND ASSESSING TREATMENT FOR CUSHING'S SYNDROME

Methods are provided for assessing a clinical response to a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (GRA) in a human subject and for diagnosing Cushing's syndrome.

DETECTING ISOMERS USING DIFFERENTIAL DERIVATIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY

Methods of evaluating molecular isomers of branched-chain amino acids are featured. The methods can include: derivatizing one or more molecular isomers of branched-chain amino acids in a sample comprising a branched-chain amino acid labeled with one or more heavy atoms as a first standard; adding, to the sample, after derivatization, a nonderivatized or derivatized branched chain amino acid that is labeled with one or more heavy atoms, as a second standard; evaluating the sample using tandem mass spectrometry; and detecting peaks indicative of derivatized and nonderivatized forms of one or more branched-chain amino acids in the sample.

BROWN ADIPOCYTE PROGENITORS IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE

Brown adipose tissue ("BAT") progenitor cells and methods for identifying BAT progenitor cells in a population of cells are provided. Methods are also provided for inducing differentiation of BAT progenitor cells into differentiated brown adipocytes, inducing expression or increased activity levels of BAT uncoupling protein-1 ("UCP 1"), and for identifying agents capable of inducing differentiation of BAT progenitor cells into brown adipocytes and/or inducing expression or increased activity levels of UCP1. Differentiated brown adipocytes and agents and methods for inducing differentiation of BAT progenitor cells can be used for treatment of, or the making of medicaments for the treatment of, metabolic diseases or conditions in a patient such as obesity, overweight, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin-resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and the like. Differentiated brown adipocytes and agents and methods for inducing differentiation ...

METHOD OF PREDICTING DRUG-INDUCED PHOSPHOLIPIDOSIS

It is intended to provide a method of predicting drug-induced phospholipidosis which comprises: the step of contacting mammalian cells with a test compound; the step of measuring the amount or activity of a lysosomal enzyme outside and/or inside the cells, or measuring the amount of LC3 in the cells; and the step of selecting a test compound, which promotes the secretion of the enzyme out of the cells or increases the amount of the protein, as a compound capable of inducing drug-induced phospholipidosis.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MODULATING THERMOGENESIS USING PTH-RELATED AND EGF-RELATED MOLECULES

The present invention provides compositions and methods for modulating thermogenesis and related activities by modulating ???-related and EGF-related expression and activity. Also provided are methods for preventing or treating metabolic disorders in a subject through modulation of PTH-related and EGF-related expression and activity.

ENZYME AMPLIFIED COMPETITIVE AND SANDWICH CHELATION ASSAYS FOR METAL IONS

The present invention provides methods for assaying for a metal ion in a sample. In one aspect, the present invention relates to an enzyme amplified sandwich assay. This method relies upon the ability of the metal ion to form a complex with two chelators. Such an association is termed a sandwich complex with the metal ion forming the middle of the sandwich. In this method the first chelator is immobilized on a solid support, while the second chelator is linked to a reporter group. This arrangement forms a highly selective, sensitive, and convenient system for the quantitative, detection of metal ions. This approach combines the specific recognition of the metal ion by the first and second chelators, with the great signal amplification offered by enzymes or other reporter groups. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a competitive assay that relies on the competitive inhibition of complex formation between a chelator immobilized on a solid support and an organometallic compound ...

CALCIUM SPECIFIC DIAZA-18-CROWN-6-ETHER CHROMOIONOPHORES

Diana-18-crown-6 compounds of the formula I: (see formula I) wherein X is a phenol, naphthol or quinolinol moiety selected from those of the formulae: (see formula II) R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C2-C8) acyl, acetamido, mercapto, alkyl or arylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, and substituted aryl wherein the aryl moiety is selected from phenyl and naphthyl and the aryl substituent is selected from halo, cyano, nitro, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C2-C8) acyl, phenyl, acetamido, mercapto, alkyl or arylsulfonyl and trifluoromethyl; provided that when R1, R2 , R3 and R5 are hydrogen and X is phenol, R4 is not nitro; and provided that when X is phenol and R5 is hydrogen, R1 (or R2) and R4 are not both nitro. Compounds of the above formula are useful as chromoionophores for the detection of calcium ions in solution or dry assays , but are of particular advantage when used in dry, thin-film multilayer analytical elements.

CALCIUM RECEPTOR-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

The present invention features compounds of general formulae a), b), c), abl e to modulate one or more activities of an inorganic ion receptor and methods for treating diseases or disorders by modulating inorganic ion receptor activity. Preferably, the compound can mimic or block the effect of extracellular Ca2+ on a calcium receptor.

METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY OF HYPERALDOSTERONISM

Trimethylamine-containing compounds for diagnosis and prediction of disease

CALCIUM ASSAY AND REAGENTS THEREFOR

CALCIUM RECEPTOR ACTIVE MOLECULES

담즙산 항상성의 조절 및 담즙산 질환 및 질병의 치료 방법

... 본 발명은, 담즙산 항상성 조절 활성과 같은 하나 이상의 활성을 갖는, 섬유아세포 성장 인자 19(FGF19)의 변이체 및 융합체, 섬유아세포 성장 인자 21(FGF21)의 변이체 및 융합체, FGF19 및/또는 FGF21의 융합체, 및 FGF19 및/또는 FGF21 단백질 및 펩티드 서열(및 펩티드모방체)의 변이체 또는 융합체, 및 담즙산 및 기타 질환의 치료를 위한 방법 및 상기 치료에서의 용도에 관한 것이다.

Enzima n-acetilgalactosamina-6-sulfatasa (galns) humana recombinante; usos de la enzima galns contra mucopolisacaridosis tipo iv o sindrome de morquio a o deficiencias de multiples sulfatasas.

UNA ENZIMA N-ACETILGALACTOSAMINA-6-SULFATASA (GALNS( HUMANA RECOMBINANTE DE UNA SECUENCIA DE AMINOACIDOS CON AL MENOS 95°'O DE IDENTIDAD RESPECTO A LOS AMINOACIDOS 27 A 522 DE SEQ ID NO: 4, DONDE DICHA ENZIMA GALNS: (A) TIENE AL MENOS UNA CONVERSIÓN DEL 50% DEL RESIDUO DE CISTEINA EN (A POSICIÓN 53 EN CN-FORMILGLICINA (FGIY); Y (B) ESTÁ GLICOSILADA CON ENLACE N EN LOS RESIDUOS DE ASPARAGINA EN LAS POSICIONES 178 Y 397, DONDE AL MENOS SO% DE LAS CADENAS DE OLIGOMANOSA ADHERIDAS AL RESIDUO ASPARAGINA EN LA POSICIÓN 178 SON BIS-FOSFORILADAS; DONDE DICHA ENZIMA CONSISTE DE UNA BANDA DE 55-60 KDA. USO DE DICHA ENZIMA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE MUCOPOLISACARIDOSIS TIPO IVA (MPS IVA) O SÍNDROME DE MORQUÍO A, O DEFICIENCIA DE MÚLTIPLES SULFATASAS (MSD).

Novel fructosyl peptide oxidase

A protein described in any one of [1] to [4] below is provided according to the present invention: [1] a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; [2] a protein comprising an amino acid sequence with one or more amino acid deletions, substitutions, or additions in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and having fructosyl peptide oxidase activity; [3] a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having 80% or higher homology to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and having fructosyl peptide oxidase activity; and [4] a protein having fructosyl peptide oxidase activity, which is produced by an expression plasmid harbored by the Escherichia coli XL1-Blue MRF' strain deposited under Accession No. FERM BP-11026.

Differentiating cardiac- and diabetes mellitus-based causes of kidney damage

Disclosed is a method for differentiating in a subject suffering from kidney damage between kidney damage caused by (i) heart failure and/or (ii) diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 including the steps of: a) determining the amount of liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and the amount of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) in a urine-sample of a subject and forming the L-FABP/KIM-1 ratio; b) determining the amount of adiponectin in a urine-sample of said subject; and c) comparing the ratio determined in a) and the amount determined in b) with reference amounts, and establishing the predominant cause of the kidney damage. Also disclosed are a device and a kit for carrying out the method.

Novel diagnostic marker for type 1 diabetes mellitus

The present invention provides, as a novel diagnosis marker for type 1 diabetes mellitus, a type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnostic composition comprising alanyl-tRNA synthetase, glycyl-tRNA synthetase, asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, or tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, a diagnostic kit comprising the same, and a diagnostic method using the same. The composition, the kit, and the method, according to the present invention, may be used for early diagnosis and confirmed diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus because type 1 diabetes mellitus can be easily diagnosed from a patient sample.

Pharmaceutical compositions containing fluorinated or perfluorinated carboxylic acids

The molecules of formula (I) are useful in treating diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperlipidaemia, cancer, inflammation or other conditions in which modulation of lipis of eicosanoid status or functions may be desirable. Formula (I): Z 1 —Z 1 —Z 2 wherein a) Z 1 represents CO 2 H or a derivative thereof; b) Z 2 represents F, H, —CO 2 H or a derivative thereof; and c) X represents fluorinated alkylene; or a solvate thereof, for example a perfluorinated fatty acid or derivative thereof.

Test agent for visceral obesity and use thereof

Disclosed are: a method for detecting (diagnosing) visceral obesity in a subject; a test agent useful for the method; a method for searching for a substance that can be used as an active ingredient for ameliorating visceral obesity; and an ameliorating agent for visceral obesity or a medicinal agent for preventing a metabolic disease developed as a result of the progression of visceral obesity. As the test agent, a polynucleotide which comprises at least 15 nucleotides and can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence for coiled-coil domain containing protein 3 (CCDC3) gene or a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence under stringent conditions or an antibody capable of recognizing CCDC3 protein is used.

Methods of diagnosing insulin resistance and sensitivity

Methods of diagnosing susceptibility to metabolic insulin resistance and other related conditions are disclosed. The method provides means of diagnosing susceptibility to insulin resistance in Hispanic Americans by determining the presence of a risk haplotype at the LPL locus, the LPIN1 locus, and/or elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase.

Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity

The methods described herein enable the evaluation of compounds on subjects to assess their therapeutic efficacy or toxic effects. The target of analysis is the underlying biochemical process or processes (i.e., metabolic process) thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. Molecular flux rates within the one or more biochemical processes serve as biomarkers and are quantitated and compared with the molecular flux rates (i.e., biomarker) from control subjects (i.e., subjects not exposed to the compounds). Any change in the biomarker in the subject relative to the biomarker in the control subject provides information to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of an administered drug or a toxic effect and to develop the compound further if desired. In one aspect of the invention, stable isotope-labeled substrate molecules are administered to a subject and the label is incorporated into targeted molecules in a manner that reveals molecular flux rates through metabolic pathways of interest.

Means and methods for diagnosing thyroid disorders

The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing thyroid disorders. It also relates to a method of determining whether a compound is capable of inducing a thyroid disorder in a subject and to a method of identifying a drug for treating a thyroid disorder. Furthermore, the present invention relates a device for diagnosing a thyroid disorder and diagnostic uses.

Antagonists of the Magnesium Binding Defect as Therapeutic Agents and Methods for Treatment of Abnormal Physiological States

This invention provides a class of therapeutic compounds and methods for the treatment of mammals with physiological disorders, such as for example a frequently occurring type of essential hypertension, which are critically associated with the decreased binding of magnesium to the plasma membranes of their cells. These methods consist of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound selected from a series of disubstituted trans, trans 1,3-butadienes, 1,3-disubstituted perhydrobutadienes, 1,2-disubstituted trans ethylenes and 1,2 disubstituted ethanes and disubstituted propanes, each of which embodies, in common, the unique structural feature essential for the biological activity of these compounds. This invention also provides for pharmaceutical formulations that employ these novel compounds.

Antibodies That Bind Amyloid Oligomers

Embodiments of the invention are directed to compositions and methods related to immunogenic compositions comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and amyloid oligomer specific antibodies that specifically bind an oligomer comprising such a peptide.

Assay for pcsk9 inhibitors

The present invention provides methods for identifying modulators of PCSK9, for example, using a variety of assay formats. Inhibitors of PCSK9 can be used for example, to treat diseases such as hyperlipidemia and related disorders.

Marker associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Disclosed is a novel NASH marker for use in a method for detecting NASH or evaluating the severity of NASH, which utilizes at least one factor selected from the group consisting of an IL-1 receptor antagonist, sCD40, HMGB1, sPLA2 group IIA and an sPLA2 activity as the marker. Also disclosed is a method for detecting NASH or evaluating the severity of NASH in a subject, which utilizes the marker.

Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatment of cushing's disease and hypercortisolism

The invention relates to methods and kits for the treatment of, prevention of, and lowering the chances of developing Cushing's Disease and/or hypercortisolism by the administration of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, such as gefitinib.

Methods for regulating blood glucose levels

The invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing blood glucose levels in hyperglycaemic subjects. The methods and compositions may therefore be suitable for treating a disease or condition associated with hyperglycaemia such as, for example, obesity (particularly diet induced obesity (DIO)), weight gain, Type II diabetes mellitus, insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose tolerance and inflammation. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering a melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) agonist to one or more skeletal muscle cells of the subject. Preferred MC5R agonists are those that specifically activate MC5R and/or enhance expression of MC5R, such as the melanocortin analogue, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-Pro-D-Nal(2′)-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH 2 .

Method for the detection of prediabetes

Provided is a method for prediabetes screening by means of methylglyoxal-modified arginine derivative assay, with which it is possible to treat many samples as simply and as safely as with blood sugar assay, and to collect a blood sample taken during a primary health screening in one procedure without imposing any time restraints, complications or risks on the subject. The method for prediabetes screening by means of methylglyoxal-modified arginine derivative assay comprises assaying the methylglyoxal-modified arginine derivative in blood using an assay system which employs an antibody that specifically recognizes methylglyoxal-modified arginine derivative.

Compositions and methods for detecting autoantibodies

The invention provides compositions and methods for detecting thyroid hormone blocking immunoglobulin (TBI). The invention's methods are sensitive and specific for TBI, and may be used for the dual detection of both TBI and TSI. The invention's compositions and methods are useful for the diagnosis of diseases that are associated with the presence of TBI and/or TSI, for monitoring the progress of disease and/or treatment regimens, therapeutics, vaccines, etc., and for assisting clinicians in making treatment decisions.

Methods for detection of risk of obesity and risk of onset of diabetes

Provided is a method of measuring the expression level of FSTL3 gene in a biological sample and correlating the measured expression level with the detection of a risk of developing diabetes. Also provided is a method of measuring the expression level of FSTL3 gene in an individual with a BMI value less than 25 not clinically determined as obesity and correlating the measured expression level with the detection of a risk of developing obesity. Further provided is a method of measuring the expression level of FSTL3 gene in an individual with a BMI value less than 25 and correlating the measured expression level with the detection of a risk of developing diabetes. Further provided is a method of measuring an inhibin βB gene expression level and correlating the ratio of expression level of FSTL3 gene to inhibin βB gene with the detection of a risk of developing obesity or diabetes.

Detection of soluble adiponectin receptor peptides and use in diagnosis and therapeutics

The present invention relates to soluble C-terminal fragments of the adiponectin receptor and their use in the diagnosis and management of disorders.

System for Glycated Protein Detection

A method of detecting the presence of glycated proteins or peptides (GPs) in a sample comprises carrying out the steps of assessing the sample for fluorescence, subjecting the sample to UV radiation, and reassessing the sample for an increase in fluorescence relative to any fluorescence assessed in said first assessing step, an increase in fluorescence at said reassessing step being indicative of the presence of GPs. The method may be useful for detecting disease such as diabetes.

Methods for identifying compounds that modulate lisch-like protein or c1orf32 protein activity and methods of use

The invention provides methods for reducing diabetes susceptibility in a subject and methods for increasing the expression of LL or CLORF32 in a subject. The invention further provides a method for identifying an agent which modulates expression of an Ll RNA or Clorf32 RNA comprising contacting a cell with an agent; determining expression of the Ll RNA or Clorf32 RNA in the presence and the absence of the agent; and comparing expression of the Ll RNA or Clorf32 RNA in the presence and the absence of the agent, wherein a change in the expression of the Ll RNA or Clorf32 RNA in the presence of the agent is indicative of an agent which modulates the level of expression of the RNA.

Assays for detection of glycosaminoglycans

Disclosed herein are novel methods, assays and kits useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of subjects with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), The methods, assays and kits are particularly useful for detecting the presence of one or more glycosaminoglycans which correlate to MPS and its severity in a variety of biological samples.

Biomarkers for Cardiodiabetes

The invention provides compositions and methods for determining cardiodiabetes status in a subject. The invention also provides compositions and methods for treating a subject experiencing cardiodiabetes.

Compositions and methods for regulating metabolism

The present invention features compositions and methods for treating and preventing a metabolic syndrome featuring the collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (Cthrc1) protein.

Method of lipid assay and reagent for use therein

A method of lipid assay characterized by assaying the lipids contained in a blood component in the presence of an organic silicon compound. The method can cause specific conditions for direct methods while satisfying requirements such as no influence on precision of assay, no burden on assay apparatus, and easy availability.

METHODS OF THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF NITROGEN SCAVENGING DRUGS

The present disclosure provides methods for evaluating daily ammonia exposure based on a single fasting ammonia blood level measurement, as well as methods that utilize this technique to adjust the dosage of a nitrogen scavenging drug, determine whether to administer a nitrogen scavenging drug, and treat nitrogen retention disorders. 111.-. (canceled)12. A method of predicting ammonia exposure for a patient having a urea cycle disorder (UCD) comprising measuring a fasting blood ammonia level for the subject wherein increasing fasting ammonia being associated with higher AUCand maximum observed ammonia.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein ammonia exposure is chosen from daily ammonia burden claim 12 , average daily ammonia level claim 12 , and/or highest daily ammonia value.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the blood sample used for measuring fasting blood ammonia levels is a venous blood sample.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the blood sample used for measuring fasting blood ammonia levels is a plasma blood sample.16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fasting blood ammonia level is measured from a fasting morning blood draw.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fasting period for obtaining a fasting blood ammonia level is 4 hours or more claim 12 , 5 hours or more claim 12 , 6 hours or more claim 12 , 7 hours or more claim 12 , 8 hours or more claim 12 , 9 hours or more claim 12 , 10 hours or more claim 12 , 11 hours or more claim 12 , or 12 hours or more.18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fasting period for obtaining a fasting blood ammonia level is 4-8 hours claim 12 , 6-8 hours claim 12 , or 8-12 hours.19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fasting period for obtaining a fasting blood ammonia level is overnight.20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the upper limit of normal for blood ammonia level is 35 μmol/L.21. The method of claim 12 , further comprising comparing the fasting blood ammonia level for the subject with the upper limit of ...

Disease Prevention and Alleviation by Human Myoblast Transplantation

Methods and materials are described for human genome prophylaxis and therapy of diseases using myoblast transfer. These methods result in gene transcript changes in multiple pathways. Linking the myoblast transfer technology development from DMD, cardiomyopathy, and Type-II diabetes, the myoblast transfer demonstrably mediates its effect through transfer of the normal myoblast nuclei that supply the complete human genome, in addition to just replenishing the missing gene(s) or the aberrant gene(s). The replacement genes then transcribe to produce the necessary proteins or factors for genetic repair. A variety of uses of this technology are described, including that for disease treatment, disease prevention, drug discovery, and selection of superior cells and clones for therapy 1. A method of treating Type II diabetes in a patient in need thereof , comprising:determining or verifying Type II diabetes status of the patient;supplying a complete human genome to the patient through transfer of myoblast nuclei, comprising the steps of:a. culturing a supply of myoblasts from a muscle biopsy of a donor that is genetically normal with respect to insulin sensitivity;b. administering a therapeutically effective dosage of an immunosuppressant to the patient; andc. thereafter selecting and administering from the supply a therapeutically effective dose of myoblasts to at least one muscle of the patient,d. allowing donor myoblasts to insert their nuclei, each of which contain a full complement of normal genes into the patient's genetically abnormal muscle cells to effect genetic complementation repair; ande. allowing donor myoblasts to fuse among themselves to form genetically normal muscle fibers;whereby muscle mediated glucose homeostasis is improved, and is detected by measuring an improvement in the Type II diabetes status of the patient.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cultured myoblasts are histoincompatible with the patient claim 1 , and derived from a genetically ...

Methods, Arrangements and Systems for Obtaining Information Associated with an Anatomical Sample Using Optical Microscopy

Arrangements and methods are provided for obtaining information associated with an anatomical sample. For example, at least one first electro-magnetic radiation can be provided to the anatomical sample so as to generate at least one acoustic wave in the anatomical sample. At least one second electro-magnetic radiation can be produced based on the acoustic wave. At least one portion of at least one second electro-magnetic radiation can be provided so as to determine information associated with at least one portion of the anatomical sample. In addition, the information based on data associated with the second electro-magnetic radiation can be analyzed. The first electro-magnetic radiation may include at least one first magnitude and at least one first frequency. The second electro-magnetic radiation can include at least one second magnitude and at least one second frequency. The data may relate to a first difference between the first and second magnitudes and/or a second difference between the first and second frequencies. The second difference may be approximately between −100 GHz and 100 GHz, excluding zero. 1. An arrangement comprising:at least one first arrangement configured to provide at least one first electro-magnetic radiation to an anatomical sample so as to generate at least one acoustic wave in the anatomical sample, wherein at least one second electro-magnetic radiation is produced based on the at least acoustic wave; andat least one second arrangement configured to receive at least one portion of the at least one second electro-magnetic radiation so as to determine information associated with at least one portion of the anatomical sample.2. The arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the anatomical sample is at least one of an organ claim 1 , a tissue or cell.3. The arrangement according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one third arrangement configured to image the at least one portion of the anatomical sample based on data associated with the ...

Porous semiconductor metal oxide complex nanofibers including nanoparticle catalyst functionalized by nano-catalyst included within metal-organic framework, gas sensor and member using the same, and method of manufacturing the same

The inventive concepts relate to a member for a gas sensor, a gas sensor using the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the inventive concepts relate to a gas sensor member using a porous semiconductor metal oxide complex nanofiber functionalized by uniformly distributing porous first metal oxide particles, including metal nanoparticle catalysts synthesized using a metal-organic framework, in the inside and on a surface of a second metal oxide nanofiber, a gas sensor using the same, and a method of manufacturing the same.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DIAGNOSING DISEASES

The present disclosure provided methods and systems for diagnosing diseases and monitoring their progression and therapeutic responses by detecting a presence or absence, or an increase or decrease, of one or more substances in a sample. 1. A method for detecting a presence of a plurality of biomarkers in a biological sample of a subject , comprising:(a) providing a microfluidic device including at least one fluid channel in fluid communication with at least one emitter having a plurality of nozzles that are operatively coupled to a detector, wherein said fluid channel includes a separation medium that is adapted to separate said plurality of biomarkers into subsets of biomarkers along said fluid channel, and wherein said detector is adapted to generate signals that are indicative of each of said subsets of biomarkers;(b) directing said biological sample having a volume less than or equal to about 50 microliters through said fluid channel to said at least one emitter under conditions that permit said plurality of biomarkers to be separated into said subsets of biomarkers along said fluid channel;(c) directing at least a portion of said biological sample from said plurality of nozzles to said detector, wherein said detector generates signals upon exposure to said at least said portion of said biological sample; and(d) detecting a presence of said subsets of biomarkers based on said signals generated in (c) to detect said presence of said plurality of biomarkers in said biological sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said microfluidic device is part of a disposable chip.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nozzles extend from a base tube having a larger cross-sectional dimension than said nozzles claim 1 , and wherein said base tube is in fluid communication with said fluid channel.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 4 , wherein said nozzles and said base tube are monolithic.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein said nozzles have a cross-sectional ...

Protein and lipid biomarkers providing consistent improvement to the prediction of type 2 diabetes

The invention relates to biomarkers associated with Diabetes, including protein and lipid metabolite biomarkers, methods of using the biomarkers to determine the risk that an individual will develop Diabetes, and methods of screening a population to identify persons at risk for developing Diabetes and other pre-diabetic conditions.

METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF METABOLIC DISORDERS USING EPIMETABOLIC SHIFTERS, MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTRACELLULAR MOLECULES, OR ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

Methods and formulations for diagnosing metabolic disorders in humans using epimetabolic shifters, multidimensional intracellular molecules or environmental influencers are described. 1. A method of identifying a subject afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state , the method comprising:(1) detecting the level of expression of at least one marker present in a biological sample obtained from a subject having a metabolic disorder, wherein the at least one marker comprises one or more marker proteins listed in Tables 2-4, 6-29 and 64-69 wherein the subject has been administered Coenzyme Q10; and(2) comparing the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample to the level of expression of the at least one marker present in a control sample, wherein the control sample is a biological sample obtained from the subject prior to administration of Coenzyme Q10,wherein the subject is determined to be afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state when the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample is modulated relative to the level of expression of the at least one marker in the control sample.210-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metabolic disorder is a disorder selected from the group consisting of diabetes claim 1 , obesity claim 1 , pre-diabetes claim 1 , hypertension claim 1 , cardiovascular disease claim 1 , metabolic syndrome claim 1 , and any key elements of a metabolic disorder.12. (canceled)13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a fluid obtained from the subject.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of blood fluids claim 13 , vomit claim 13 , saliva claim 13 , lymph claim 13 , and urine.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the sample is a blood sample or a component thereof.1617-. (canceled)18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.19. The method of claim 1 , ...

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as Biomarker for Metformin

The present invention relates to metformin for use in treating a patient, wherein the patient exhibits an increased level of GDF15 in response to metformin treatment; to methods of identifying a patient who will benefit or who will not benefit from metformin treatment; methods of treating a patient at risk of developing or suffering from a disease or disorder comprising administering therapeutically effective amount of metformin; methods of adapting the dosage of metformin; the usage of GDF15 as biomarker for identifying a patient who will benefit or who will not benefit from metformin treatment, kits for use in identifying a patient who will benefit from metformin treatment and the use of the kits, as well as methods of treating a patient or who will not benefit from metformin treatment.

DEVICES FOR DETECTION OF AN ANALYTE IN URINE AND METHODS OF USING SAME

Disclosed herein are devices for detecting presence and/or amount of an analyte, such as glucose, in a urine sample when diluted in a toilet bowl containing water and methods of using same. The disclosed devices eliminate the need to handle urine samples or a device that has been contacted with a urine sample, and can be conveniently disposed of by flushing into a sewage or septic system. 1. A method of detecting glucose in urine of a diabetic subject taking an amount of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor , the method comprising:placing in a toilet bowl containing water a device that comprises an absorbent substrate having one or more reagents in an amount sufficient to react with glucose present in the toilet bowl containing water and urine and produce a visually detectable color change in a detection region of the device or a visually detectable color change in the water of the toilet bowl;collecting urine from the diabetic subject in the toilet bowl;waiting a predetermined period of time; andvisually determining presence or absence of a color change in the detection region of the device or a visually detectable color change in the water of the toilet bowl to obtain a test result,recording the test result;communicating the test result to a health care provider; andmonitoring the effectiveness of the SGLT2 inhibitor based on the test result,wherein glucose is determined to be present in the urine where the detection region changes color or the water of the toilet bowl changes color, wherein the presence of glucose above a threshold level indicates that the SGLT2 inhibitor is effective in the diabetic subject, wherein the device is paper, and wherein the device further comprises a positive control region spatially separated from the detection region and comprising glucose and one or more reagents for detection of glucose.26-. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , wherein collecting urine from the subject in the toilet bowl is achieved by the subject ...

Metabolite Biomarkers Predictive Of Renal Disease In Diabetic Patients

The present invention relates to biomarkers that are predictive of renal disease in patients who have diabetes. The present invention also provides methods of using such biomarkers to predict the risk that a diabetic patient will develop renal disease, and/or to identify a patient who has diabetes as being in need of a therapy to prevent or delay the onset of a renal disease. 1. A method of predicting risk of developing renal disease in a patient who has diabetes , comprising:a) determining the levels of at least three metabolites selected from the group consisting of pseudouridine, C-glycosyltryptophan, myoinositol, threitol, p-cresol sulfate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-hydroxyisocaproate, glutaryl carnitine, N2, N2-dimethylguanosine, phenylacetylglutamine, arabitol, gulono-1,4-lactone, erythritol, erythronate, N4-acetylcytidine, urate, 2-hydroxyisocaproate, 2-oxoisoleucine, and 2-oxoisocaproate in a plasma or serum sample taken from the patient;b) comparing the levels of the metabolites in the sample from the patient to control levels of the metabolites; andc) predicting that the patient is at risk for developing renal disease when the levels of the metabolites in the sample from the patient are significantly higher than the control levels of the metabolites.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient has type 2 diabetes.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient has type 1 diabetes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient has normal renal function.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient does not have symptoms of renal disease.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renal disease is diabetic nephropathy.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renal disease is end-stage renal disease (ESRD).8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample taken from the patient is a plasma sample.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the levels of the metabolites are determined using mass spectrometry.10. A method of identifying a patient who has diabetes as being in need ...

Diagnostics Platform for Mitochondrial Dysfunctions/Diseases

The present invention concerns machine learning based methods and systems for diagnosing and treating genetic diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunctions. A library of reference learning models is developed based on in vitro reference samples obtained from cell-cultures exposed to specific mitochondrial inhibitors. Each model is able to predict a specific labeled mitochondrial dysfunction induced in the cell-culture by the inhibitor/stressor. The reference models are then applied to target samples drawn in vivo from target subjects who are known to have specific genetic mitochondrial diseases. A mapping is developed between mitochondrial dysfunctions predicted in the subjects and their known mitochondrial diseases. This mapping and the reference models are then applied to a clinical sample of an undiagnosed patient in whom a diagnosis of a mitochondrial dysfunction and an associated mitochondrial disease is made. If there is a known rescuer for the mitochondrial dysfunction, it may be recommended in a personalized, targeted therapy. 1. A diagnostic method comprising the steps of:(a) introducing in one or more dosages a mitochondrial inhibitor into each of one or more cell-cultures grown in vitro from one or more cell-lines, said mitochondrial inhibitor inducing a mitochondrial dysfunction into said each of one or more cell-cultures;(b) drawing from each of said one or more cell-cultures one or more reference samples at one or more times since said introducing;(c) making one or more reference biomarker measurements from corresponding each of said one or more reference samples;(d) learning by a learning module one or more reference models each able to predict said mitochondrial dysfunction in an unseen biomarker measurement, said learning module comprising a microprocessor executing program instructions stored in a non-transitory storage medium coupled to said microprocessor;(e) drawing from one or more target subjects one or more target samples in vivo and ...

Method for the Diagnosis of Gaucher's Disease

The present invention is related to an in vitro method for diagnosing Gaucher's disease in a subject comprising a step of 116-. (canceled)17. A method for generating quantitative data for a subject comprising the step of determining at several points in time a level of a biomarker present in a sample from the subject , wherein the biomarker is free lyso-Gb1 , and wherein the level of the biomarker is indicative of the severity of the disease in the subject.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of a blood sample claim 17 , a serum sample claim 17 , a plasma sample claim 17 , a whole blood sample and a sample from whole blood collected on a dry blood filter card.19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the subject has been previously treated or diagnosed for Gaucher's disease.20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the level of the biomarker present in the sample from the subject is determined on a regular basis.21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the level of the biomarker present in the sample from the subject is determined every 3 months or every 6 months.22. The method of claim 17 , wherein free lyso-Gb1 is lyso-Gb1 as present in the subject and not the result of manipulating the sample from the subject.23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the blood sample is a full blood sample or a dry blood filter sample.24. The method of claim 17 , wherein the biomarker is detected by means of mass spectrometry analysis claim 17 , immunoassay claim 17 , biochip array claim 17 , functional nucleic acids and/or a fluorescent derivative of free lyso-Gb1.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the biomarker is detected by means of mass spectrometry.26. The method of claim 17 , wherein at each of the several points in time a separate sample is taken from the subject and the level of the biomarker is determined in the separate sample. The present invention is related to a method for diagnosing Gaucher's disease in a subject, a method for ...

METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATING PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES

The present invention relates to MGP as a new serum marker useful by itself or in combination with other markers for diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies, in particular in diabetic patients. The invention is also drawn to diagnosis kits for the implementation of this method. 1. A method for determining the presence of peripheral neuropathy in a patient comprising:a) determining the level of dephosphorylated uncarboxylated Matrix gla protein (MGP) in a sample from said patient and optionally of other clinical markers;b) when other markers are used, combining the values obtained in a) through a function in order to obtain an end result; 'wherein the patient has peripheral neuropathy if the level of dephosphorylated uncarboxylated MGP measured in step a) or of the end value obtained in step b) is higher than the threshold.', 'c) comparing the level of dephosphorylated uncarboxylated MGP measured in step a) or of the end value obtained in step b) to a predetermined threshold;'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral neuropathy is a diabetic peripheral neuropathy.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein other clinical markers are obtained from the patient claim 1 , preferably selected from the group consisting of height of the patient (m) claim 1 , total cholesterol (mmol/l) claim 1 , presence of insulin treatment (yes=0; no=1) claim 1 , presence of retinopathy treated with laser (yes=0; no=1) claim 1 , presence of a albumin/creatinine (mg/mmol) ratio>3 ((yes=0; no=1)) claim 1 , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and presence of coronary arterial disease (yes=0; no=1).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the function of step b) is f1=1/(1+exp(−(−a*Height (m)+b*Total Cholesterol−c*dp-ucMGP(pM)+d*[Insulin treatment]+e*[retinopathy treated with laser]+f*[Albumin/creatinine ratio>3]+g)) claim 3 , with8.3≤a≤8.9, more preferably 8.4≤a≤8.8, most preferably 8.5≤a≤8.70.45≤b≤0.75, more preferably 0.5≤b≤0.7, most preferably 0.55≤b≤0.65{'sup': −3', '−3', '−3', '−3', '−3', '−3, '1.02×10≤c ...

Targeted Delivery Of Autoantigens To B Cell Populations

The present invention is related to compositions and methods to stimulate the immune system. For example, antigen-specific antibodies may be produced by stimulating B cell populations with specific antigenic compounds, such as an adjuvant comprising a macromolecule capable of activating a Toll-Like receptor (TLR). For example, a BCR adapter IgM (BCRAM) is described to exemplify delivery of autoantigens to polyclonal B cell populations resulting in immunoactivation by TLR activation. Alternatively, a compound is described that inhibits TLR activation.

MEANS AND METHODS FOR ASSESSING AN ENDOCRINE DISEASE OR DISORDER

The present invention pertains to the field of diagnostics for an endocrine disease or disorder and assessments for risk stratification of chemical compounds. Specifically, it relates to a method for diagnosing an endocrine disease or disorder. It also relates to a method for determining whether a compound is capable of inducing such an endocrine disease or disorder in a subject and to a method of identifying a drug for treating an endocrine disease or disorder. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device and a kit for diagnosing an endocrine disease or disorder. 1. A method for diagnosing an endocrine disease or disorder comprising:(a) determining the amount of at least one biomarker selected from any one of Tables 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, or 9 in a test sample of a subject suspected to suffer from an endocrine disease or disorder, and(b) comparing the amounts determined in step (a) to a reference, whereby an endocrine disease or disorder is to be diagnosed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject has been brought into contact with a compound suspected to be capable of inducing an endocrine disease or disorder.3. A method of determining whether a compound is capable of inducing an endocrine disease or disorder in a subject comprising:(a) determining in a sample of a subject which has been brought into contact with a compound suspected to be capable of inducing an endocrine disease or disorder the amount of at least one biomarker selected from any one of Tables 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, or 9; and(b) comparing the amounts determined in step (a) to a reference, whereby the capability of the compound to induce an endocrine disease or disorder is determined.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 17- ...

Method for determining liver fat amount and method for diagnosing nafld

The present invention is based on the idea of determining certain molecular lipids from a subject's blood sample, for example from serum or plasma sample, and based on the amounts of the determined lipids determining the amount of liver fat and/or diagnosing NAFLD in the subject. More specifically the subjects with elevated liver fat amount and NAFLD are characterized by elevated triglycerides with low carbon number and double bond content in the blood sample. Lysophosphatidylcholines, ether phospholipids, sphingomyelins and PUFA-containing phospholipids are diminished in the blood samples of subjects with an elevated liver fat amount and NAFLD. The method of the present invention can be further used for monitoring the subject's response to the treatment of NAFLD or to the treatment of lowering of the liver fat amount in the subject.

USE OF MACIMORELIN IN ASSESSING GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN

The present invention relates to a method for measuring growth hormone level in a human child, including a method of assessing pituitary-related growth hormone deficiency in a human child as a stand-alone test. The method comprises oral administration of an effective amount of macimorelin to the child, collecting from the child two or up to four post-administration blood samples within a range of about 90 minutes after administration, and determining the level of growth hormone in the samples. The method can be used for diagnosing pituitary-related growth hormone deficiency in a child when the peak level of determined growth hormone in the samples is below a cut-off value. 1. A method for measuring growth hormone level in a human child , comprising:(a) orally administering to the child an effective amount of macimorelin; and (i) two blood samples taken from the child at about 30 minutes after step (a) and at about 45 minutes after step (a),', '(ii) three blood samples taken from the child at about 30 minutes after step (a), at about 45 minutes or at about 60 minutes after step (a), and at about 60 minutes or at about 90 minutes after step (a), or', '(iii) four blood samples taken from the child at about 30 minutes after step (a), at about 45 minutes after step (a), at about 60 minutes after step (a), and at about 90 minutes after step (a),, '(b) measuring growth hormone level in'}and wherein no additional blood sample is taken from the child.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood samples are serum samples.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood samples are plasma samples.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood samples are whole blood samples.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the child is orally administered about 1 mg per kg bodyweight of macimorelin in step (a).6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two blood samples are taken from the child at about 30 minutes and at about 45 minutes after step (a).7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the three ...

GDF15 AS BIOMARKER FOR DIAGNOSING MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES

To obtain data associated with a mitochondrial disease, a method includes measuring the level of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), MIG (gamma interferon induction monokine), SCF (stem cell factor) and SCGF-β (stem cell growth factor beta) in a biological sample collected from a subject. The measured protein level is compared to that of control subjects and then it is checked whether or not there is difference between the protein level of the subject and that of control subjects. 1. A measuring method that obtains data associated with a mitochondrial disease comprising:measuring the level of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), MIG (gamma interferon induction monokine), SCF (stem cell factor) and SCGF-β (stem cell growth factor beta) in a biological sample collected from a subject;comparing the protein level to that of control subjects; andchecking whether or not there is difference between the protein level of the subject and that of control subjects.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein checking the level of GDF15 claim 1 , HGF claim 1 , MIG and SCF in the biological sample collected from the subject is higher than that in the biological sample collected from control subjects; and checking the level of SCGF-β in the biological sample collected from the subject is lower than that in the biological sample collected from control subjects.3. measuring method that obtains data associated with a mitochondrial disease comprising:measuring the level of mRNA of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), MIG (gamma interferon induction monokine), SCF (stem cell factor) and SCGF-β (stem cell growth factor beta) in a biological sample collected from a subject;comparing the mRNA level to ...

METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF METABOLIC DISORDERS USING EPIMETABOLIC SHIFTERS, MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTRACELLULAR MOLECULES, OR ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

Methods and formulations for diagnosing metabolic disorders in humans using epimetabolic shifters, multidimensional intracellular molecules or environmental influencers are described. 1. A method of identifying a subject afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state , the method comprising:(1) detecting the level of expression of at least one marker present in a biological sample obtained from a subject having a metabolic disorder, wherein the at least one marker comprises one or more marker proteins listed in Tables 2-4, 6-29 and 64-69, wherein the subject has been administered Coenzyme Q10; and(2) comparing the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample to the level of expression of the at least one marker present in a control sample, wherein the control sample is a biological sample obtained from the subject prior to administration of Coenzyme Q10,wherein the subject is determined to be afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state when the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample is modulated relative to the level of expression of the at least one marker in the control sample.210-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metabolic disorder is a disorder selected from the group consisting of diabetes claim 1 , obesity claim 1 , pre-diabetes claim 1 , hypertension claim 1 , cardiovascular disease claim 1 , metabolic syndrome claim 1 , and any key elements of a metabolic disorder.12. (canceled)13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a fluid obtained from the subject.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of blood fluids claim 13 , vomit claim 13 , saliva claim 13 , lymph claim 13 , and urine.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the sample is a blood sample or a component thereof.1617-. (canceled)18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.19. The method of claim 1 , ...

HEXANOYLGLYCINE AS BIOMARKER FOR THE PREDISPOSITON FOR WEIGHT GAIN AND OBESITY

The present invention relates generally to the field of nutrition and health. In particular, the present invention relates to a new biomarker, its use and a method that allows it to diagnose the likelihood to resist diet induced weight gain, and/or to be susceptible to a diet induced weight gain. For example, the biomarker may be hexanoylglycine. 1. A biomarker in urine for detecting and/or quantifying the likelihood to resist high fat diet induced weight gain , wherein the biomarker is hexanoylglycine.2. (canceled)3. A method of diagnosing the likelihood of a subject to resist high fat diet induced weight gain , the method comprising:determining the level of hexanoylglycine in a urine sample previously obtained from a subject to be tested, andcomparing the subject's hexanoylglycine level to a predetermined reference value,wherein the predetermined reference value is based on an average hexanoylglycine level in urine in a control population, andwherein an increased hexanoylglycine level in the sample compared to the predetermined reference value indicates an increased likelihood to resist high fat diet induced weight gain.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising the steps ofdetermining the level of at least one further biomarker selected from the group consisting of trimethylamine-N-oxide, isovalerylglycine, leucine, isobutyrate, acetate, guanidoacetate, sucrose, tartaric acid, hippuric acid and hydroxyphenylacetylglycine in the urine sample, andcomparing the subject's level of the at least one further biomarker to a predetermined reference value,wherein the predetermined reference value is based on average levels of that at least one further biomarker in a urine sample of a normal healthy control population, andwherein an increased isovalerylglycine, leucine, acetate, and/or a decreased trimethylamine-N-oxide, guanidoacetate, sucrose, tartaric acid, hippuric acid and/or hydroxyphenylacetylglycine level in the urine sample compared to the predetermined ...

DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION-INDUCED DISORDERS

Methods and compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation (obesity)-induced disorders such as insulin resistance, diabetes, cancer and various metabolic disorders, are provided. The methods and compositions detect both full-blown disease and early stage disease by detecting proteolysis, by neutrophil proteases, of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3). Levels of proteolytic fragments of IGFBP3 and/or levels of intact IGFPB-3 and/or levels/activity neutrophil proteases are detected. Agents (e.g. peptide agents) that inhibit the proteolysis of IGFPB-3 and methods of using the agents to prevent and treat chronic inflammation (obesity)-induced disorders are also provided. 1. A method for early diagnosis of a subject having a tendency to develop chronic inflammation associated with obesity , comprisingcontacting a biological sample from the subject with at least one agent which selectively binds to at least one biomarker of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) proteolysis by at least one neutrophil protease, wherein said step of contacting is carried out under conditions which allow the at least one agent to form an agent-biomarker complex with the at least one biomarker to which it selectively binds;detecting a level of agent-biomarker complex in the sample;comparing the level of agent-biomarker complex to at least one pre-determined reference level of agent-biomarker complex, wherein the at least one pre-determined reference level includes a first pre-determined reference level from a control population of individuals who do not have a tendency to develop chronic inflammation associated with obesity, andi) if the level of complex differs from the first pre-determined reference level, then concluding that the subject has a tendency to develop chronic inflammation associated with obesity; andii) if the level of complex does not differ from the first pre-determined reference level, then concluding that the subject ...

METHODS OF DIAGNOSING AND PREDICTING RENAL DISEASE

This disclosure relates to methods of diagnosing and predicting renal disease, using one, two, or more biomarkers, including sTN-FR1, sTNFR2, sFAS, TNF, and IL-6. 1. A method of determining whether a human subject has an increased risk of developing early renal function decline (ERFD) , the method comprising:obtaining a sample from a human subject who has normoalbuminuria (NA), microalbuminuria (MA), or proteinuria (PT);measuring levels of one or more biomarkers selected from the group consisting of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFa), soluble TNF receptor type 1 (sTNFR1), soluble TNFR2 (sTNFR2), soluble Fas (sFas), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in the subject sample;comparing the subject levels with reference levels of said one or more biomarkers; anddetermining whether the subject has an increased risk of developing ERFD based on the comparison of the subject levels with the reference levels.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the presence of levels of the one or more biomarkers in the subject sample at levels that are significantly higher than the reference levels indicates that the subject has an increased risk of developing ERFD.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises serum from the subject.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has diabetes.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has normoalbuminuria.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has microalbuminuria.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has proteinuria.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has Type 1 diabetes.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more biomarkers comprise sTNFR1 claim 8 , sTNFR2 claim 8 , and sFas.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more biomarkers comprise TNFa claim 9 , sTNFR1 claim 9 , sTNFR2 claim 9 , and sFas.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more biomarkers comprise TNFa claim 9 , sTNFR1 claim 9 , sTNFR2 claim 9 , sFas claim 9 , and IL-6.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has Type 2 ...

Differential diagnosis of ectopic cushing's syndrome

Improved methods and systems for diagnosing and for treating Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's Disease are provided herein, including methods and systems for concurrently treating Cushing's syndrome and differentially diagnosing Cushing's Disease from Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome in a patient with an established diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Treatment methods can use glucocorticoid receptor antagonists (GRAs), which differentially affect the ratio of cortisol to ACTH levels in patients having Cushing's Disease versus patients having Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome. Methods for concurrently treating and differentially diagnosing Cushing's Disease from Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome include obtaining baseline cortisol and ACTH levels of a patient, treating the patient with a GRA according to a protocol that would typically substantially elevate cortisol levels, obtaining post-treatment cortisol and ACTH levels of the patient, determining a differential relationship between baseline cortisol and ACTH levels and post-treatment cortisol and ACTH levels and providing a positive diagnosis based on the differential relationship.

A METHOD OF DETECTING AND DIAGNOSING THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETES

The subject of the invention is the method of detecting and diagnosing the progression of diabetes using Raman spectroscopy which involves the examination of the changes in the composition of urinary extracellular vesicles which confirm the existence of the condition and its progression. The invention can be applied in clinical practice, in particular in the early clinical diagnostics of diabetes and in the monitoring of its progression, in particular diabetic nephropathy and advanced renal impairment caused by diabetes. 1. The method of detecting and diagnosing diabetes wherein the change in the composition of microvesicles in a tissue or liquid sample collected from a patient is examined , and this change confirms the presence of diabetes and its progression.2. The method according to wherein the change in the composition of urinary extracellular vesicles (UEV) is examined.3. The method according to wherein there are the following stages:a) Urinary extracellular vesicles (UEV) are isolated from the urine sample,b) Raman spectra are registered and the analysis of the distribution of the intensity of characteristic bands is performed,c) If it is confirmed that the value of RI for the intensity of the Raman spectrum is lower than the value of RI for the Raman spectrum obtained in an identical way for the sample collected from a healthy individual, the patient is diagnosed with diabetes.4. The method according to wherein the urine sample is subject to centrifugation at 2000×g for about 30 minutes in stage a).5. The method according to wherein claim 3 , in stage a) claim 3 , the urine sample is concentrated using a dialysis membrane with large-diameter pores permeable for the molecules of the average molecular weight below 1000 Da (MWCO) claim 3 , which is followed by washing.6. The method according to wherein the washing solution contains silver chloride and sodium dichloroisocyanurate in the amount of 1 mg of silver chloride and 4.5 mg of sodium dichloroisocyanurate ...

METHODS AND KITS OF ASSESSING STATUS, RISK OR PROGNOSIS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES

The present invention relates to methods and kits of assessing status, risk or prognosis of type 1 diabetes. There is still a need for improved methods of prognosis of type 1 diabetes. The inventors have observed different alterations of iNKT and MAIT cells quantity, frequency and markers in T1D patients compared to controls and also in children with recent onset T1D compared to control children or children with established T1D. The present invention relates to a method of assessing status, risk or prognosis of type 1 diabetes in a subject comprising i) quantifying at least one population of innate-like T-cells in a blood sample obtained from the subject, ii) comparing the quantification value determined at step i) with a predetermined reference value and iii) detecting differential in the quantification value determined at step i) and the predetermined reference value is indicative of the status, risk of prognosis of type 1 diabetes. 1. A method of identifying and treating a subject who has or is at risk of having type 1 diabetes (T1D) , comprising i) quantifying at least one population of innate-like T-cells in a blood sample obtained from the subject , and ii) comparing the quantification value determined at step i) with a predetermined reference value , wherein detection of a difference between the quantification value determined at step i) and the predetermined reference value is indicative of whether or not the subject has or is at risk of having T1D , andadministering a therapy to a subject whose measurement is indicative of having or being at risk of having T1D.2. The method of wherein the subject is a child or is an adult.3. The method of wherein the population of innate-like T-cells is a population of MAIT cells or a population of iNKT cells.4. The method of wherein the population of MAIT or iNKT cells is characterized by the presence or absence of at least one marker selected from the group consisting of CCR6 claim 3 , CD56 claim 3 , CD25 claim 3 , CD69 ...

SYSTEM FOR DETECTING A PATHOLOGY OF A CAT

A system for detecting at least one pathology of a cat, said system being intended to be mounted in the vicinity of a cat litter and comprising at least one gas sensor configured to measure the amount of at least one gas representing a pathology of a cat, at least one alarm component configured to emit an alarm, and at least one electronic unit configured to activate the alarm component if the amount of measured gas is greater than a predetermined threshold. 19-. (canceled)10. A system for detecting at least one cat pathology , said system being arranged to be mounted in the vicinity of a cat litter and comprising:at least one gas sensor configured to measure the amount of at least one gas representative of a cat pathology,at least one warning member configured to issue a warning, andat least one electronic unit configured to activate the warning member if the amount of gas measured is greater than at least one predetermined threshold.11. The detection system according to claim 10 , wherein the gas sensor is configured to measure an amount of ketone representative of diabetes.12. The detection system according to claim 10 , wherein the gas sensor is configured to measure an amount of ammonia and/or sulfide representative of bacterial infection.13. The detection system according to claim 10 , comprising at least one presence sensor.14. The detection system according to claim 10 , comprising at least one temperature sensor.15. The detection system according to claim 10 , wherein the gas sensor is of the MOS type.16. The detection system according to claim 10 , wherein the warning member is configured to issue a visual claim 10 , audible and/or computer warning.17. An assembly of a litter container and the detection system according to claim 10 , wherein the detection system is attached to the container claim 10 , in particular in a central part of the container.18. A method for detecting a cat pathology by means of the detection system according to positioned in the ...

METHODS OF THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF NITROGEN SCAVENGING DRUGS

The present disclosure provides methods for evaluating daily ammonia exposure based on a single fasting ammonia blood level measurement, as well as methods that utilize this technique to adjust the dosage of a nitrogen scavenging drug, determine whether to administer a nitrogen scavenging drug, and treat nitrogen retention disorders. 111-. (canceled)12. A method of treating a subject with a urea cycle disorder (UCD) who has a fasting morning plasma ammonia level less than the upper limit of normal , the method comprising:a) administering an initial dosage of glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate];b) after a time period sufficient for the glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] to reach steady state, measuring a fasting morning plasma ammonia level for the subject;c) comparing the fasting morning plasma ammonia level to the upper limit of normal; andd) administering an adjusted dosage of glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate], wherein the adjusted dosage is greater than the initial dosage if the fasting morning plasma ammonia level is greater than half the upper limit of normal for plasma ammonia level.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the time period sufficient for the glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] to reach steady state is 48 hours.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the time period sufficient for the glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] to reach steady state is 48 to 72 hours.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the time period sufficient for the glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] to reach steady state is 72 hours to 1 week.16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the time period sufficient for the glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] to reach steady state is 1 week to 2 weeks.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the time period sufficient for the glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] to reach steady state is greater than 2 weeks.18. The method of claim 12 , further comprising repeating steps (b) to (d) until the subject exhibits a fasting morning plasma ammonia level at or below half the upper limit of ...

ASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS

Disclosed herein are novel methods, assays and kits useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of subjects with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). The methods, assays and kits are particularly useful for detecting the presence of one or more glycosaminoglycans which correlate to MPS and its severity in a variety of biological samples. 1. A method for determining the concentration of one or more glycosaminoglycans in a sample comprising: (a) combining a serine protease , a labeled substrate for the serine protease , an inhibitor of the serine protease , and a sample suspected of comprising one or more glycosaminoglycans in an assay buffer solution comprising NaCl , under conditions and for a time suitable for cleavage of the labeled substrate by the serine protease to produce a detectable signal; (b) detecting the detectable signal; and (c) comparing the amount of detectable signal with a standard to determine the concentration of the one or more glycosaminoglycans in the sample;wherein the serine protease is a serine protease of the clotting cascade;wherein the inhibitor of the serine protease is selected from the group consisting of heparin cofactor II and antithrombin III;wherein the one or more glycosaminoglycans are selected from the group consisting of dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS); andwherein the sensitivity of the method is modulated by the concentration of NaCl in the assay buffer solution.2. A method according to wherein the serine protease is selected from the group consisting of the serine proteases shown in and .3. A method according to wherein the labeled substrate is a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate.4. A method according to wherein the serine protease is thrombin and the labeled substrate is a chromogenic thrombin substrate.5. A method according to wherein the sample is treated to inactivate all but one of the glycosaminoglycans in the sample.6. A method according to wherein the sample is treated with chondroitinase B and the active ...

MEANS AND METHODS OF MEASURING PARATHYROID HORMONE IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS

Method for obtaining an antibody or antibody fragment to a conformational epitope specific for oxidized, inactive human parathyroid hormone and fragments thereof; a method for removal of oxidized, inactive human parathyroid hormone from a sample of body fluid; methods of determining the concentration of active parathyroid hormone in a sample, and an in vitro method of diagnosis of renal failure or secondary hyperthyroidism in patients on dialysis. The antibody is obtained by immunizing an animal with an immunogen containing parathyroid hormone or fragment thereof oxidized at methionines at positions 8, 18 or both; and a recovering of antibodies; whereby the complementary determining region of the antibody or antibody fragment or single chain antibody specifically recognizes a conformational epitope (antigenic determinant) which is a tertiary structure and only present on oxidized parathyroid hormone and fragments thereof only but not regular bioactive human parathyroid hormone, while the binding surface to the complementary binding region does not include any one of the oxidized methionines of human parathyroid hormone. 1. A method for obtaining antibody molecules specific for inactive human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) peptide and circulating fragments thereof , comprisinga) obtaining antibodies against human parathyroid hormone peptide by immunizing a non-human animal with an immunogen comprising as hapten oxidized parathyroid hormone or a oxidized fragment of parathyroid hormone, and recovering said antibodies from said non-human animal;b) selecting or purifying said antibodies from antibody molecules that bind to bioactive human parathyroid hormone peptide under physiological conditions to obtain antibodies that specifically recognize oxidized parathyroid hormone or fragments thereof;c) selecting or purifying said antibodies against oxidized parathyroid hormone from antibodies binding to an oxidized hPTH peptide independent from the methionine R-sulfoxide, ...

DIAGNOSTIC METHODS, THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND USES THEREOF

The present invention provides a method for diagnosing a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of insulin resistance, a metabolic disorder, diabetes and pre-diabetes in a subject. The method comprises the step of determining the level of a compound represented by structural formula (VI): 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is an ammonium salt of the compound of formula (VII).3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is radiolabeled with a radiolabel selected from the group consisting of tritium (H) and carbon 14 (C).4. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the radiolabel is C.6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein the radiolabel is C.9. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the internal standard is radiolabeled.10. The kit of claim 9 , wherein the radiolabel is tritium (H) or carbon 14 (C).12. The kit of claim 11 , wherein the internal standard is radiolabeled.13. The kit of claim 12 , wherein the radiolabel is tritium (H) or carbon 14 (C).14. The kit of claim 7 , further comprising instructions for diagnosing and/or monitoring a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of insulin resistance claim 7 , a metabolic disorder claim 7 , diabetes and pre-diabetes in a subject based on the level of the compound detected in a biological sample from the subject.15. The kit of claim 7 , wherein the kit further comprises one or more additional biomarkers claim 7 , wherein the additional biomarkers are related to the disease or disorder.16. The kit of claim 15 , wherein the one or more additional biomarkers are selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxybutyrate claim 15 , linoleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine claim 15 , oleate claim 15 , 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate claim 15 , panthothenate claim 15 , beta-hydroxybutyrate claim 15 , and serine.17. The kit of claim 16 , wherein the kit further comprises 2-hydroxybutyrate and linoleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine as the additional biomarkers.18. The kit of claim 17 , wherein the kit further ...

Methods of detection and treatment for cardiovascular disease and foot wounds

Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of a method of detection, treatment, and monitoring of cardiovascular disease or a foot wound by detection of a novel biomarker, Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS). Briefly, therefore, the present disclosure is directed to methods that allow for improved, noninvasive, and reliable diagnosis of these conditions, particularly in subjects suffering from Type 2 Diabetes (T2D).

Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating fabry disease, containing tsp1 protein inhibitor as active ingredient

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating Fabry disease, containing a TSP1 protein inhibitor as an active ingredient. Particularly, in vascular endothelial cells produced by knocking out a TSP1 gene in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a Fabry disease patient, of the present invention, the recovery of cell morphology, a decrease in the expression of a TSP1 gene, a decrease in the expression levels of a TSP1 protein and a phosphorylated-SMAD protein, which are anti-angiogenic factors, and an increase in the expression levels of a KDR protein and an eNOS protein, which are angiogenic factors, have been confirmed, and thus a TSP1 gene expression inhibitor or a TSP1 protein activity inhibitor can be effectively used in the treatment of Fabry disease.

MEANS AND METHODS FOR ASSESSING HYPERTHYROIDISM

The present invention pertains to the field of diagnostics for hyperthyroidism and toxicological assessments for risk stratification of chemical compounds. Specifically, it relates to a method for diagnosing hyperthyroidism. It also relates to a method for determining whether a compound is capable of inducing such hyperthyroidism in a subject and to a method of identifying a drug for treating hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device and a kit for diagnosing hyperthyroidism. 1. A method for diagnosing hyperthyroidism comprising:(a) determining the amount of at least one biomarker selected from any one of Tables 1a, 1b, 2a, or 2b, in a test sample of a subject suspected to suffer from hyperthyroidism, and(b) comparing the amounts determined in step (a) to a reference, whereby hyperthyroidism is to be diagnosed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject has been brought into contact with a compound suspected to be capable of inducing hyperthyroidism.3. A method of determining whether a compound is capable of inducing hyperthyroidism in a subject comprising:(a) determining in a sample of a subject which has been brought into contact with a compound suspected to be capable of inducing hyperthyroidism the amount of at least one biomarker selected from any one of Tables 1a, 1b, 2a, or 2b; and(b) comparing the amounts determined in step (a) to a reference, whereby the capability of the compound to induce hyperthyroidism is determined.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said compound is L-thyroxine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reference is derived from (i) a subject or group of subjects which suffers from hyperthyroidism or (ii) a subject or group of subjects which has been brought into contact with L-thyroxine.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein essentially identical amounts for the biomarkers in the test sample and the reference are indicative for hyperthyroidism.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reference is derived from ...

A SCREENING METHOD, A KIT, A METHOD OF TREATMENT AND A COMPOUND FOR USE IN A METHOD OF TREATMENT

A method to identify a candidate compound for use in the treatment of a condition involving dysregulation of glucose homeostasis or of glucose uptake in a mammal, by identifying a candidate compound that causes an increase in translocation of GLUT without causing an increase in the production of cAMP. A kit for use in such a method. A method of treatment of a condition involving dysregulation of glucose homeostasis or of glucose uptake in a mammal and a compound for use in such a method. 1. A method to identify a candidate compound for use in the treatment of a condition involving dysregulation of glucose homeostasis or of glucose uptake in a mammal , the method comprising:bringing the candidate compound into contact with a cell that expresses a beta-adrenergic receptor, said cell being capable of producing cAMP,determining the effect of the contacting on production of cAMP in the cell,bringing the candidate compound into contact with a cell that expresses a beta-adrenergic receptor, which cell further expresses a GLUT,determining the effect of the contacting on the translocation of GLUT in the cell, andidentifying a candidate compound that causes an increase in translocation of GLUT without causing an increase in the production of cAMP.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell that expresses a beta-adrenergic receptor claim 1 , and being capable of producing cAMP also expresses the GLUT.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a mammalian cell selected from skeletal muscle cells claim 1 , heart cells claim 1 , adipocytes claim 1 , such as brown fat cells and white fat cells claim 1 , beta cells claim 1 , brain cells claim 1 , liver cells claim 1 , reproductive cells and cells involved in reproduction claim 1 , and mammary cells.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cell is selected from a muscle cell and an adipocyte.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cell is muscle cell.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effect of the contacting claim 1 , on the ...

A METHOD FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF A PRE-DIABETIC STATE AND TYPE 2

We disclose a method of detecting the metabolic health of a mammal, including a human, by determining whether a given animal is normal, pre-diabetic or diabetic through the determination of the levels of Wnt4 and Wnt3a proteins in the blood serum. 1. A method of detecting a pre-diabetic state or diabetes , particularly type two diabetes , characterised in that it encompasses evaluating the levels of a protein selected from among Wnt4 and Wnt3a in a biological sample from a patient , in particular blood serum , wherein an abnormal level of this protein is indicative of the existence of a prediabetic state or type two diabetes , wherein preferably it is viewed that:a prediabetic state is indicated by a decreased level of Wnt4 or an increased level of Wnt3a, or when both these abnormalities occur together,diabetes, in particular type two diabetes, is indicated by an increased Wnt4 level and a decreased Wnt3a level.2. A method according to claim 1 , characterised in that the protein level is evaluated using a known technique such as ELISA or an immunological assay claim 1 , in particular a strip test.3. A method according to claim 1 , characterised in that a patient also exhibits other clinical signs or bears a genetically determined predisposition to diabetes claim 1 , in particular type two diabetes.4. The use of a protein levels selected from among Wnt4 and Wnt3a claim 1 , particularly in the serum claim 1 , in the identification of a prediabetic state or diabetes. The present invention relates to the evaluation of the metabolic health of a mammal, including a human, by determining whether said animal is in a normal, pre-diabetic or diabetic state through the evaluation of the relative proportion of the level of the Wnt4 and Wnt3a proteins in blood plasma.Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common metabolic disorders, the prevalence of which is estimated to be about 171 million affected worldwide and this number is growing rapidly each year (Wild et al., 2004, ...

Macrocyclic compounds

The present invention relates to macrocyclic compounds which are capable of selective binding to a target saccharide (e.g. glucose), making them particularly well suited for use in saccharide sensing applications. The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of said compounds, to compositions and devices comprising them, and to their use in the detection of a target saccharide.

Methods for Early Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

The invention provides reagents and methods for diagnosing kidney disease in a human or animal. 1. A method for diagnosing kidney disease comprising: wherein the plurality of proteins comprises zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein, alpha-1 microglobulin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2, IgG kappa chain (IGKV1-5), IgG lambda chain, prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase precursor, hepatocyte growth factor-like (HGFL) protein, urine protein 1, complement regulatory protein CD59, thrombin, hemopexin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein precursor, G(M2) activator protein, pancreatic stone protein, saposin precursor, pepsin, kininogen, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, beta-trace 23 kD glycoprotein, haptoglobin, gelsolin, and whey acid protein;', 'wherein said mixture of polyclonal antisera or of monoclonal antibodies does not immunologically cross-react with serum albumin;, '(a) contacting a urine sample from a diabetic animal and a urine sample from an animal without kidney disease with a mixture of polyclonal antisera or monoclonal antibodies immunologically specific for each of a plurality of proteins;'}(b) determining the amount of the plurality of the proteins, or peptides thereof, in the urine sample from the diabetic animal and the urine sample from the animal without kidney disease;(c) comparing the amount of the plurality of the proteins, or peptides thereof, in the urine sample from the diabetic animal with the amount of the plurality of proteins, or peptides thereof, from the animal without kidney disease; and(d) diagnosing kidney disease if the amount of the plurality of the proteins, or peptides thereof, in the urine sample from the diabetic animal is greater than the amount of the plurality of the proteins, or peptides thereof, in the urine sample from the animal without kidney disease.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the animal is a human.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the plurality of proteins claim 1 , or peptides thereof claim 1 , is ...

DETECTION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Provided herein are processes for detecting oligosaccharides in a biological sample. In specific instances, the biological sample is provided from an individual suffering from a disorder associated with abnormal glycosaminoglycan accumulation. 130-. (canceled)31. A method of determining in an individual the presence , identity , and/or severity of an MPS IIIA or MPS IIIB disorder , the method comprising:(a) generating a biomarker comprising one or more saturated non-reducing end oligosaccharides, wherein the biomarker is generated by treating a population of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides, in or isolated from a biological sample from the individual, with at least one digesting glycosaminoglycan lyase, wherein prior to lyase treatment, the biomarker is not present in abundance in samples from individuals with the MPS IIIA or MPS IIIB disorder relative to individuals without the MPS IIIA or MPS IIIB disorder; and(b) using an analytical instrument to detect the presence of and/or measure the amount of the biomarker produced and displaying or recording the presence of or the measure of the biomarker produced;wherein the presence of and/or measure of the amounts of the biomarker are utilized to determine the presence, identity, and/or severity of the MPS III disorder; andwherein the biomarker is selected from a group consisting of{'sub': '3', 'Formula III: [GlcNS-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-3;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula IV: [GlcNS-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-2;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula V: [GlcNAc-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-3;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula VI: [GlcNAc-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-2;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula VIII: [GlcN-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-4;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula IX: [GlcNAc6S-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-3;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula X: [GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-2;'}GlcN-IdoA-GlcNAc;GlcN-IdoA2S-GlcNAc;GlcN-IdoA-GlcNS;GlcN-IdoA-GlcNAc6S;GlcN-IdoA2-GlcNAc6S; andGlcN-IdoA-GlcNS6S.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the biomarker is of Formula V: [GlcNAc-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)-1](SOR); or ...

METHOD FOR PRESYMPTOMATIC DIAGNOSIS OF COELIAC DISEASE AND GLUTEN SENSITIVITY

The invention relates to the use of an immunologically reactive microbial transglutaminase or its immunologically reactive parts or analogues, which are present in a complex with gliadin or its immunologically reactive parts or analogues, for the diagnosis and/or therapy control of coeliac disease or sprue as well as gluten sensitivity, and a kit for determining the diagnosis and/or therapy control of coeliac disease or sprue as well as of gluten sensitivity, by means of the previously mentioned complex. 110-. (canceled)12. The method of claim 11 , wherein (a) comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein (b) comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the antibodies are specific for the isotype selected from the group consisting of human IgA claim 11 , IgG claim 11 , IgM claim 11 , and IgE.15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the antibodies are polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies.16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the antibodies are aptamers.17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the antibodies are selected from the group consisting of anti-tTg2 antibodies claim 11 , anti-tTg/gliadin peptide complex antibodies claim 11 , anti-DGP antibodies claim 11 , anti-EMA antibodies claim 11 , and anti-gliadin antibodies.18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the identifying the presence of antibodies is an immunoassay.19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the immunoassay is selected from the group consisting of ELISA claim 18 , RIA claim 18 , and fluorescence immunoassay.20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the identifying the presence of antibodies is performed in a liquid phase.21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the identifying the presence of antibodies is performed in a solid phase. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/395,353, filed on Oct. 17, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein, which is the United States National phase under 35 U.S.C ...

A method for diagnosing metabolic disorder

The present invention relates to a method of diagnosing or prognosing a metabolic disorder in a subject; and in particular to a method comprising determining the quantitative or qualitative level of a biomarker in a biological sample; and diagnosing or prognosing the metabolic disorder based on the quantitative or qualitative level of the biomarker.

METHODS OF THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF NITROGEN SCAVENGING DRUGS

The present disclosure provides methods for evaluating daily ammonia exposure based on a single fasting ammonia blood level measurement, as well as methods that utilize this technique to adjust the dosage of a nitrogen scavenging drug, determine whether to administer a nitrogen scavenging drug, and treat nitrogen retention disorders. 111-. (canceled)12. A method of treating impaired neurocognitive executive function in a subject suffering from a urea cycle disorder (UCD) comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] (HPN-100).13. The method of claim 12 , wherein administration of HPN-100 reduces total ammonia burden.14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method reverses neurocognitive impairment.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the subject is a pediatric patient.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the pediatric patient is from 6 to 17 years old.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein neurocognitive function is assessed by BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function).18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the therapeutically-effective amount of HPN-100 maintains a monthly average fasting ammonia level at about half the upper limit of normal (ULN). The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/417,137, filed Mar. 9, 2012 and now pending, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/564,668, filed Nov. 29, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/542,100, filed Sep. 30, 2011, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, including drawings.Nitrogen retention disorders associated with elevated ammonia levels include urea cycle disorders (UCDs) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE).UCDs include several inherited deficiencies of enzymes or transporters necessary for the synthesis of urea from ammonia, including enzymes involved in the urea cycle. The urea cycle is depicted in , which also illustrates how certain ammonia- ...

METHODS OF THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF NITROGEN SCAVENGING DRUGS

The present disclosure provides methods for evaluating daily ammonia exposure based on a single fasting ammonia blood level measurement, as well as methods that utilize this technique to adjust the dosage of a nitrogen scavenging drug, determine whether to administer a nitrogen scavenging drug, and treat nitrogen retention disorders. 111-. (canceled)12. A method of predicting the maximum daily blood ammonia value for a patient in need thereof , consisting of:measuring the patient's fasting morning blood ammonia level,wherein if the fasting morning blood ammonia level is less than or equal to half the upper limit of normal for blood ammonia for the laboratory which performed the fasting morning blood ammonia level measurement, the patient has an average likelihood of about 70% to 80% within a 95% confidence interval that the patient's maximum daily blood ammonia level will not exceed 1.5 times the upper limit of normal for blood ammonia.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the average likelihood is about 75% with 95% confidence that the true probability is between 58% and 86%.14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of glycerol triphenylbutyrate to said patient if the fasting morning blood ammonia level is greater than half the upper limit of normal.15. A method of predicting the maximum daily blood ammonia value for a patient in need thereof claim 12 , consisting of:measuring the patient's fasting morning blood ammonia level,wherein if the fasting morning blood ammonia level is less than or equal to half the upper limit of normal for blood ammonia for the laboratory which performed the fasting morning blood ammonia level measurement, the patient has an average likelihood of about 84% within a 95% confidence interval that the patient's maximum daily blood ammonia level will not exceed 1.5 times the upper limit of normal for blood ammonia.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the average likelihood is about 84% ...

System and Method for Diagnosis and Treatment

This invention relates to a low cost rapid response diagnostic system to determine cortisol levels in patients selected as potential candidates for GCR (glucocorticoid receptor) antagonist therapy utilizing a GCR antagonist, such as ORG 34517. The rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive test can be used to determine patients who have non-normal cortisol production or disordered circadian rhythms as a method for selecting subjects for GCR antagonist therapy for whom it is likely to have beneficial and/or therapeutic effects, and can also be used to monitor changes in cortisol levels in response to treatment.

Screening Method For Compound Having Obesity Preventive Or Therapeutic Activity

To provide a screening method for a substance having an anti-obesity action and an anti-obesity drug. A screening method including: a step for contacting a test substance and a synoviolin-gene-expressing cell; and a step for verifying the effect of the test substance on the synoviolin gene expression, or the effect thereof on synoviolin protein activity. An action which reduces the amount of adipose tissue and an action which inhibits induction of adipocyte differentiation are examples of an anti-obesity action. An anti-obesity drug containing, as an active ingredient thereof, an siRNA of synoviolin, a decoy nucleic acid of synoviolin, or an antisense nucleic acid of synoviolin. 1. A method for curing obesity of an object suffering from obesity , wherein the method comprises a step of administrating a decoy nucleic acid of synoviolin , wherein the decoy nucleic acid comprises a base sequence represented by sequence ID No. 7.2. A method for curing obesity of an object suffering from obesity , wherein the method comprises a step of administrating siRNA of synoviolin , wherein the siRNA comprises a base sequence selected from sequence ID Nos. 2 to 6. The present invention relates to a screening method for compounds having obesity preventive or therapeutic action.Obesity causes excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and increases risk of various health problems, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and depression (see Non-Patent Literature 1). These problems lead tremendous economic and social loss in modern society. Molecular mechanisms of adipocyte metabolism are extensively studied (see Non-Patent Literatures 2 and 3).Synoviolin is a protein discovered as a membrane protein overexpressed in rheumatoid patient-derived synovial cells (see Patent Document 1). Studies using genetically modified animals have revealed that synoviolin is an essential molecule for the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.Synoviolin has been suggested to have a RING finger motif based on ...

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases Micro/Nano Enzyme Assay

Provided herein are methods of measuring acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in a biological sample in a multiwell microplate setting.

HYPOSIALYLATION DISORDERS

Methods are disclosed for diagnosing a hyposialylation disorder. Methods are also disclosed for determining the effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for treatment of a hyposialylation disorder in a subject. These methods include measuring an amount of monosialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich (ST) antigen and measuring an amount of non-sialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T) in a biological sample, such as a serum or plasma sample from the subject, and determining the ratio of T to ST. 1. A method for diagnosing a hyposialylation disorder in a subject , comprisingmeasuring an amount of monosialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich (ST) antigen and measuring an amount of non-sialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T) in a biological sample from the subject, wherein Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen is N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linked to galactose (Gal); anddetermining the ratio of T to ST;wherein a ratio of T to ST of about 0.052 or greater diagnoses the subject as having the hyposialylation disorder.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to the subject a therapeutic agent for the treatment of the hyposialylation disorder if the ratio of T to ST is greater than about 0.052.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of T to ST of about 0.06 or greater diagnoses the subject as having the hyposialylation disorder.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising administering to the subject a therapeutic agent for the treatment of the hyposialylation disorder if the ratio of T to ST is greater than about 0.06.5. A method of determining the effectiveness of a first dosage of a therapeutic agent for treatment of a hyposialylation disorder in a subject claim 3 , comprisingmeasuring monosialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich (ST) antigen and measuring non-sialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T) in a biological sample from the subject, wherein Thomsen-Friedenrich antigen is N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linked to galactose (Gal); anddetermining the ratio of T to ST; ...

PLASMONIC SUBSTRATE FOR MULTIPLEX ASSESSMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES

Disclosed are methods and materials providing fluorescence detection of autoantibodies present in individuals who have developed or are at risk for type 1 diabetes. Provided is a plasmonic chip capable of fluorescence-enhancement of >100-fold. The fluorescent signal is generated by an anti-human antibody antibody, such as an anti-IgG antibody that is coupled to a fluorophore selected to emit at a wavelength enhanced by the plasmonic chip, for example in the NIR. 1. A biosensor for use in a spectroscopic detection system , comprising:(a) a substrate;(b) a discontinuous gold film applied to said substrate, said gold film having plasmonic nano-islands of gold grown on gold seeds; and(c) an array of antigens disposed in discrete locations and coupled to the discontinuous gold film, whereby emission from a label bound to an analyte capture agent is enhanced by the discontinuous gold film, wherein said antigens are at least two of(i) GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 kDa);(ii) GAD67 (glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 kDa);(iii) IA512 (islet cell autoantigen 512);(iv) IA-2 (insulinoma antigen 2);(v) ZnT8 (zinc transporter 8); and(vi) human insulin or an immunologically active fragment thereof.2. The biosensor of wherein said antigens comprise purified recombinant proteins.3. The biosensor of wherein the purified recombinant antigens are at least three of claim 2 , at least four of claim 2 , at least five of claim 2 , or at least six of claim 2 , the antigens selected from antigens (i) through (vi).4. The biosensor of wherein the antigens are chemically linked to the plasmonic nanoislands by a branched polyethylene glycol.5. The biosensor of wherein the antigens further include an antigen that is reactive to antibodies raised by a vaccine.6. The biosensor of wherein said antigen is tetanus toxoid.7. The biosensor of further comprising channels on the biosensor for delivering reagents to said array of antigens.8. The biosensor of further comprising a separation zone for ...

SURROGATES OF POST-TRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED PROTEINS AND USES THEREOF

The present invention provides compounds that are surrogates of post-translationally modified proteins and uses thereof. Numerous diseases are associated with post-translationally modified proteins that are difficult to obtain in homogenous form and in quantities needed for immunization and use as convenient standards, calibrators, and/or reference compounds that facilitate the detection and analysis of endogenous post-translationally modified proteins. The surrogate compounds of the invention typically comprise antigenic epitopes (one of which carries a post-translational modification) that are tethered by a flexible and hydrophilic linker. The resulting compound behaves like a surrogate of the post-translationally modified protein because it preserves the character of the included antigens and allows recognition by specific antibodies targeting the individual antigens. The surrogate compounds may be prepared by covalently joining two or more polypeptide epitopes using one or more linkers, wherein at least one of the epitopes comprises a post-translational modification. In one aspect, the surrogate compounds of the invention comprise a C-terminal epitope and a glycated epitope of human CD59. The inventive methods allow quantification of the levels of glycated CD59 in the serum in human subjects, particularly those with diabetes or pre-diabetes. This technological platform of post-translationally modified protein surrogates can be applied to other diseases associated with post-translationally modified proteins (e.g., autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus). In another aspect, the invention provides antibodies that bind specifically to the compounds of the invention and methods for producing such antibodies. 1140-. (canceled)141. A kit for detecting the presence of a post-translationally modified protein in a biological sample , said kit comprising: a first epitope derived from a non-glycated epitope of ...

THERMOELECTRIC SENSOR FOR ANALYTES IN A GAS AND RELATED METHOD

An apparatus is provided for sensing an analyte in a fluid. The apparatus includes a fluid collecting device configured to collect the fluid containing the analyte; a fluid input in fluid communication with the fluid collecting device configured to input the fluid containing the analyte into the fluid collecting device, an analyte interactant in fluid communication with the fluid collecting device, wherein the analyte interactant, when contacted by the analyte, reacts to cause a first change in thermal energy within the fluid collecting device; a modulator that causes a second change in thermal energy; a thermal sensing device comprising at least one pyroelectric device thermally coupled to the fluid collecting device to generate a first signal in response to at least one of the first change in thermal energy and the second change in thermal energy; a control device operatively coupled to the thermal sensing device and the modulator that generates a second signal, wherein the second signal comprises information useful in characterizing the analyte. A related method also is disclosed. 1. A biosensor for detecting at least one analyte in breath , the biosensor comprising:a) a capture apparatus; andb) a thermoelectric sensor without a power source, the sensor comprising a layer of at least one analyte interactant that increases or decreases in temperature and at least one thermopile, said at least one thermopile having a first contact pad and a second contact pad; andwherein the passage of breath containing the analyte through the capture apparatus brings the analyte into contact with the interactant and produces or consumes heat, which is transmitted to the thermopile that then produces a voltage difference and measures the analyte.2. The biosensor of claim 1 , wherein the interactant is selected from a chemical reactant claim 1 , catalyst claim 1 , adsorbent claim 1 , absorbent claim 1 , vaporization agent or a combination thereof.3. The biosensor of claim 1 , ...

PROTEIN AND LIPID BIOMARKERS PROVIDING CONSISTENT IMPROVEMENT TO THE PREDICTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

The invention relates to biomarkers associated with Diabetes, including protein and lipid metabolite biomarkers, methods of using the biomarkers to determine the risk that an individual will develop Diabetes, and methods of screening a population to identify persons at risk for developing Diabetes and other pre-diabetic conditions. 1. A method of evaluating risk for developing a diabetic condition , the method comprising:(a) obtaining biomarker measurement data for an individual, wherein the biomarker measurement data is representative of measurements of biomarkers in at least one biological sample from the individual; wherein said biomarkers comprise: (i) glucose, (ii) at least three protein biomarkers selected from the protein biomarkers in Table 1 and (iii) at least one lipid metabolite selected from the lipid metabolites in Table 2; and(b) evaluating risk for the individual developing a diabetic condition based on an output from a model, wherein the model is executed based on an input of the biomarker measurement data.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obtaining step comprises measuring the biomarkers in the at least one biological sample.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising a step claim 2 , prior to the measuring the biomarkers claim 2 , of obtaining at least one biological sample from the individual.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining biomarker measurement data comprises obtaining data representative of a measurement of the level of at least one biomarker from a preexisting record.5. The method of any one of to claim 1 , wherein the evaluating step includes comparing the biomarker measurement data from the individual with biomarker measurement data of the same biomarkers from a population claim 1 , and evaluating risk for the individual developing a diabetic condition from the comparison.6. The method of any one of to claim 1 , further comprising displaying the risk evaluation from (b) on a visual display.7. The method of any one of to ...

REAGENT KIT FOR DETECTING SEX HORMONE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING SEX HORMONE USING SAME

The present disclosure provides a reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone, which contains a first reagent containing a metal nanoprobe in which a sex hormone and a Raman reporter are immobilized and a second reagent containing a magnetic particle in which an antibody for detecting the sex hormone is immobilized, and a method for detecting a sex hormone using the same. 1. A reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone , which comprises:a first reagent comprising a metal nanoprobe in which a sex hormone and a Raman reporter are immobilized; anda second reagent comprising a magnetic particle in which an antibody for detecting the sex hormone is immobilized.2. The reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone according to claim 1 , wherein the antibody for detecting the sex hormone comprises a primary antibody and a secondary antibody claim 1 , the secondary antibody is immobilized on the magnetic particle and the primary antibody binds to the secondary antibody and reacts with the sex hormone.3. The reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone according to claim 1 , wherein the sex hormone is estrogen or testosterone.4. The reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone according to claim 3 , wherein the estrogen is one or more selected from a group consisting of estradiol claim 3 , estrone and estriol.5. The reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone according to claim 1 , wherein the detectable concentration of the sex hormone is 0.1-1 claim 1 ,000 pg/mL.6. The reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone according to claim 1 , wherein the limit of detection of the sex hormone is 0.1 pg/mL.7. The reagent kit for detecting a sex hormone according to claim 1 , wherein the detection time of the sex hormone is 2 hours or shorter.8. A SERS-based method for detecting a sex hormone comprising the steps of:preparing a sample solution comprising a sex hormone;preparing a metal nanoprobe in which the sex hormone is bound to a Raman reporter;preparing a magnetic particle in which a primary antibody and a ...

METHODS FOR QUANTITATION OF INSULIN AND C-PEPTIDE

Methods are described for diagnosing or prognosing insulin resistance in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients, the method comprising determining the amount of insulin and C-peptide in a sample. Provided herein are mass spectrometric methods for detecting and quantifying insulin and C-peptide in a biological sample utilizing enrichment and/or purification methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric or high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometric techniques. 1. A method for measuring insulin resistance in diabetic or pre-diabetic patients by mass spectrometry , the method comprising:(a) purifying a sample comprising insulin and C-peptide by liquid chromatography;(b) ionizing insulin and C-peptide by an ionization source under conditions suitable to generate one or more insulin and C-peptide ions detectable by mass spectrometry; and(c) determining the amount of one or more insulin and C-peptide ions by mass spectrometry,wherein the amount of the one or more ions determined is used to determine the amount of insulin and C-peptide in the sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises measuring creatinine levels.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises measuring body mass index (BMI).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises measuring triglyceride (TG) levels.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises measuring high density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) levels.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises measuring BMI claim 1 , TG claim 1 , and HDL-C levels.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method provides an insulin resistance score.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method provides a probability of developing insulin resistance.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biological sample comprises a plasma or serum sample.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said ionization source is an electrospray (ESI) ionization source.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

COLORIMETRIC FILTER PAPER ASSAY FOR RAPID MONITORING OF CHOLESTEROL LEVEL

A method for colorimetric detection of cholesterol in a sample is disclosed. The method includes adding beta-cyclodextrin and cholesterol to a phenolphthalein indicator solution in the presence of a phosphate buffer solution to create a solution medium and quantifying the cholesterol as a function of a complexed beta-cyclodextrin in the solution medium. 1. A method for colorimetric detection of cholesterol in a sample , the method comprising:adding beta-cyclodextrin and cholesterol to a phenolphthalein indicator solution with a phosphate buffer solution to create a solution medium; andquantifying the cholesterol as a function of a complexed beta-cyclodextrin in the solution medium.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 ,comparing an efficiency of the beta-cyclodextrin to a quenched phenolphthalein in the phosphate buffer solution at different pHs.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a change in a pH of the phosphate buffer solution is associated with a color intensity of the phenolphthalein.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:comparing the beta-cyclodextrin complexation with the cholesterol at different pHs in the phosphate buffer solution.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:recording a cholesterol complexation with the beta-cyclodextrin under varying concentrations of the cholesterol.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:detecting different concentrations of the cholesterol by monitoring recovery of a phenolphthalein color using an ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer; anddetermining an amount of total cholesterol present in a sample based on the detection,wherein the recovery of phenolphthalein color is based on competitive binding between the cholesterol and phenolphthalein for the beta-cyclodextrin.7. A method for colorimetric detection of cholesterol in a human serum sample using a filter paper based transducer platform claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:providing sonication time and concentration of a beta- ...

SMALL MOLECULE BIOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTS FOR DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT

Methods and systems are described herein for small molecule biochemical profiling of an individual subject for diagnosis of a disease or disorder, facilitating diagnosis of a disease or disorder, and/or identifying an increased risk of developing a disease or disorder in the individual subject. Aberrant levels of small molecules present in a sample from an individual subject are identified and diagnostic information relevant to the individual subject is obtained based on the identified aberrant levels. The obtained diagnostic information includes one or more of an identification of at least one biochemical pathway associated with the identified subset of the small molecules having aberrant levels, an identification at least one disease or disorder associated with the identified subset of the small molecules having aberrant levels, and an identification of at least one recommended follow up test associated with the identified subset of the small molecules having aberrant levels. 1. (canceled)2. A system for measuring levels of small molecules in a sample from an individual subject to determine small molecules having aberrant levels in the sample from the individual subject , the system comprising: a determination of relative levels of small molecules in a reference sample from a reference subject, for each of a plurality of reference samples from a corresponding plurality of reference subjects, during a first experimental run; and', 'a determination of relative levels of small molecules in the sample from the individual subject during a second experimental run that is separate from the first experimental run and in which experimental data is also generated from one or more anchor sample(s) before or after generation of the experimental data from the sample from the individual subject, wherein the anchor sample(s) include aliquots from the reference samples from the plurality of reference subjects; and, 'a) a mass spectrometer system configured to obtain experimental ...

METHODS OF DIAGNOSING A DISEASE AND METHODS OF MONITORING TREATMENT OF A DISEASE BY QUANTIFYING A NON-REDUCING END GLYCAN RESIDUAL COMPOUND AND COMPARING TO A SECOND BIOMARKER

Provided herein are methods of diagnosing or monitoring the treatment of abnormal glycan accumulation or a disorder associated with abnormal glycan accumulation. 126.-. (canceled)27. A method of determining in an individual the presence , identity , and/or severity of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III , the method comprising: 'wherein prior to enzyme treatment, the first biomarker is not present in abundance in samples from individuals with MPS III relative to individuals without MPS III, and wherein the first biomarker is a non-reducing end (NRE) biomarker;', '(a) generating a first biomarker comprising a glycan residual compound, wherein the first biomarker is generated by treating a population of glycans, in or isolated from a biological sample from the individual, with at least one digesting glycan enzyme,'} wherein prior to enzyme treatment, the second biomarker is not present in abundance in samples from individuals with the MPS III relative to individuals without the MPS III, and wherein:', '1) the second biomarker is a reducing end biomarker,', '2) the second biomarker is an internal glycan biomarker, or', '3) when the MPS III is caused by an abnormal function of a glycan degradation enzyme in the individual, the second biomarker is generated by treating the first biomarker with the glycan degradation enzyme that is functioning abnormally in the individual;, '(b) generating a second biomarker comprising a glycan residual compound, wherein the second biomarker is generated by treating a population of glycans, in or isolated from a biological sample from the individual, with at least one digesting glycan enzyme,'}(c) detecting the presence of and/or measuring the amount of the first and second biomarker produced and displaying or recording the presence of or a measure of a population of the first and second biomarkers by using an analytical instrument; and(d) monitoring and/or comparing the amounts of the first and second biomarkers in a biological sample; ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF A BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE AND RELATED KIT

A method is provided for determining antioxidant power of a sample of a biological fluid or a food. The method essentially consists in contacting the sample to be tested with an aqueous solution of platinum nanoparticles, an oxidizing agent, and a chromogenic peroxidase substrate, and detecting color of the final solution thus obtained. Color intensity of the solution is proportional to the antioxidant power of the sample. A kit suitable for carrying out the method is also provided. 1. A method for determining antioxidant power of a sample of a biological fluid or a food , comprising the steps of: an aqueous solution of metal nanoparticles, wherein said metal nanoparticles comprise platinum optionally in combination with gold, palladium and/or silver,', 'an oxidizing agent, and', 'a chromogenic peroxidase substrate, and, 'contacting the sample with'}detecting color intensity of a final solution thereby obtained, the color intensity being proportional to the antioxidant power of the biological sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic peroxidase substrate is 3 claim 1 ,3′ claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal nanoparticles have a diameter varying within the range of from 0.1 nm to 1000 nm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the final solution is prepared in a buffer solution having a pH comprised between 1 and 7.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the color intensity of the final solution is detected with the naked eye.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the color intensity of the final solution is detected by UV-visible spectroscopy.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the color intensity of the final solution is detected by measuring absorbance at a wavelength between about 600 and 700 nm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological fluid comprises saliva claim 1 , blood claim 1 , sweat and urine.10. The method of ...

GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN MEASUREMENT

Described herein are devices, systems, and methods used to measure glycated hemoglobin. 1. A slide comprising: a first film layer comprising a cross-linked gel, wherein said cross-linked gel comprises a detection agent, a fructosyl oxidase, an interference prevention agent, and a peroxidase;', 'a second film layer comprising a first gel; and', 'a third film layer comprising a lysing agent, a denaturing agent and a protease., 'a stack of film layers comprising, from bottom to top,'}2. The slide of claim 1 , wherein said lysing agent is selected from the groups consisting of octylphenol ethoxylate (TRITON X-100) claim 1 , TWEEN (TWEEN 20) claim 1 , sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) claim 1 , cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) claim 1 , tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) claim 1 , polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers (POEs) and NONIDET P-40 (NP-40).3. The slide of claim 1 , wherein said denaturing agent is one or more of sodium nitrite or N-lauroylsarcosine (NLS).4. The slide of claim 1 , wherein said protease is a metalloproteinase claim 1 , an endoprotease or an exoprotease.5. The slide of claim 1 , wherein said detection agent is selected from the group consisting of N-carboxymethylaminocarbonyl)-4 claim 1 ,4′-bis(dimethylamino)-diphenylamine sodium (DA-64) claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N claim 1 ,N′N′ claim 1 ,N″ claim 1 ,N″-hexa(3-sulfopropyl)-4 claim 1 ,4′ claim 1 ,4″-triamino-triphenylmethane hexasodium salt (TPM-PS) claim 1 , 10-(carboxymethylaminocarbonyl)-3 claim 1 ,7-bis(dimethylamino)-phenothiazine sodium (DA-67) claim 1 , and 2-(3 claim 1 ,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol)-4 claim 1 ,5-bis-(4-dimethylamino phenyl) imidazole6. The slide of claim 1 , wherein said second film layer further comprises a reflective material portion.7. The slide of claim 6 , wherein said reflective material portion comprises titanium.8. The slide of claim 1 , wherein said third film layer further comprises a layer with particles having a diameter of about 25 μm.9. The slide of claim 1 , wherein ...

2-AAA as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Agent for Diabetes

Methods for treating a glucose-related metabolic disorder (e.g., diabetes) comprising administration of 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) to subjects in need thereof. Also described are methods for predicting a subject's risk of developing a glucose-related metabolic disorder, and to methods for selecting and monitoring a treatment for a glucose-related metabolic disorder (e.g., diabetes). 19.-. (canceled)10. A method for determining risk of developing diabetes in a subject , the method comprising:determining a level of 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) in a test sample from the subject;comparing the level of 2-AAA in the test sample to a reference level; anddetermining the subject has an increased risk of developing diabetes when the test sample has an increased level of 2-AAA as compared to the reference level.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the test sample comprises serum or plasma from the subject.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the subject has normal glucose tolerance.13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising selecting a treatment based on the level of 2-aminoadipic acid in the test sample.14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising administering the selected treatment to the subject.15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the treatment comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of at one or more additional anti-diabetes compound selected from the group consisting of acarbose claim 13 , miglitol claim 13 , metformin claim 13 , phenformin claim 13 , buformin claim 13 , repaglinide claim 13 , nateglinide claim 13 , tolbutamide claim 13 , chlorpropamide claim 13 , tolazamide claim 13 , acetohexamide claim 13 , glyburide claim 13 , glipizide claim 13 , glimepiride claim 13 , gliclazide claim 13 , troglitazone claim 13 , rosiglitazone claim 13 , pioglitazone claim 13 , peptide analogs claim 13 , glucagon-like peptide I (GLP1) and analogs thereof claim 13 , GLP agonists claim 13 , vildagliptin sitagliptin; dichloroacetic acid; amylin claim 13 , ...

Methods and compositions relating to microbial treatment and diagnosis of disorders

The present disclosure provides methods, systems, compositions, and kits to address the need for microbiome-related treatment of health conditions and disease. The present disclosure provides for treatment of metabolic conditions using microbial compositions.

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATING TO MICROBIAL TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF DISORDERS

The present disclosure provides methods, systems, compositions, and kits to address the need for microbiome-related treatment of health conditions and disease. The present disclosure provides for treatment of metabolic conditions using microbial compositions. 1. A method of producing a microbial composition comprising one or more isolated and purified microbes for human consumption , comprising:culturing a population of isolated and purified microbes on a yeast-based culture medium, a plant-based culture medium, or a combination thereof;{'sup': '7', 'i': 'Akkermansia muciniphila.', 'formulating a microbial composition into a unit dosage form, which unit dosage form comprises at least 1×10CFUs of at least the population of isolated and purified microbes per unit dose, and wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes is cultured on a plant-based culture medium.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes is cultured on a yeast-based culture medium.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes is cultured on a combination of plant-based and yeast-based culture medium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formulating step comprises providing the microbial composition in a powder form.6Akkermansia muciniphila.. The method of claim 5 , wherein providing the microbial composition in powdered form comprises lyophilizing the population of isolated and purified microbes comprising7Akkermansia muciniphila. The method of claim 6 , wherein the lyophilizing the population of isolated and purified microbes comprising is carried out anaerobically.8Akkermansia muciniphila.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unit dosage form comprises at least 1×10CFUs of9Akkermansia muciniphila.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unit dosage form comprises at least 1×10CFUs of10. The method of claim 5 , wherein ...

RAPID SMALL VOLUME DETECTION OF BLOOD AMMONIA

A method for measuring ammonia in a blood sample may involve positioning the blood sample in proximity with an ammonia gas sensor, generating a current with the ammonia gas sensor in response to ammonia gas released from the blood sample, and measuring the current generated by the ammonia gas sensor, using a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. A device for measuring an ammonia level in a blood sample may include a blood sample containment member, an ammonia gas sensor coupled with the blood sample containment member, and a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. The method and device may be used to measure an ammonia level in a blood sample as small as one drop of blood, or approximately 0.05 mL of blood. 1. A method for measuring ammonia in a blood sample , the method comprising:positioning the blood sample in proximity with an ammonia gas sensor;generating a current with the ammonia gas sensor in response to ammonia gas released from the blood sample; andmeasuring the current generated by the ammonia gas sensor, using a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor.2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the ammonia gas sensor comprises an ammonia fuel cell claim 1 , and wherein positioning the blood sample comprises positioning the blood sample in a sealed chamber that surrounds at least part of an anode end of the ammonia fuel cell so that the anode end is exposed to the ammonia gas released from the blood sample.3. A method as in claim 2 , wherein positioning the blood sample further comprises attaching the blood sample containment member to the ammonia fuel cell to form the sealed chamber.4. A method as in claim 3 , wherein attaching the blood sample containment member to the ammonia fuel cell forms at least one aperture in the blood sample containment member to form the sealed chamber.5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the blood sample comprises no more than about 0.05 mL of blood.6. A method ...

MARKER OF NEUROPATHIC GAUCHER'S DISEASE AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

A biomarker of the neuronopathic types of Gaucher's disease (nGD) is provided, and use thereof for assisting the diagnosis of this form of the disease and its severity. In particular, use of the level of trans-membrane glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB) or a fragment thereof in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a diagnostic marker of nGD is provided. Further provided are methods for selecting drugs and assessing the efficacy of drugs and therapies for treating nGD. 1. A method for assessing the responsiveness of a subject diagnosed with neuronopathic Gaucher's disease (nGD) to a treatment , the method comprising:(a) measuring a level of GPNMB or a fragment thereof in a first cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample obtained from the subject;(b) administering the treatment to said subject;(c) measuring a level of GPNMB or the fragment thereof in a second CSF sample obtained from said subject at a selected time period after the treatment was administered; and(d) calculating a ratio of the level of GPNMB or the fragment thereof in the first CSF sample to the level of GPNMB or the fragment thereof in the second CSF sample;wherein a ratio of greater than 1 identifies said subject as responsive to said treatment.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein GPNMB has an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fragment of GPNMB is derived from the extracellular domain of GPNMB.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring a level of GPNMB or a fragment thereof is performed using an immunologic technique.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the immunologic technique is selected from the group consisting of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method claim 4 , an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method claim 4 , a radioimmunoas say (RIA) method claim 4 , a Western blotting method and slot blot.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises repeating steps (c) and (d) at least once claim 1 , wherein a third ...

ALPHA-KETO-ISOVALERATE AS A BIOMARKER OF PREBIOTIC EFFICACY FOR WEIGHT GAIN PREVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of nutrition and health, particular, the present invention relates to alpha-keto-isovalerate as a biomarker urine of the efficacy of prebiotics for the prevention of diet induced weight gain. 1. A method for predicting and/or quantifying the response of a subject to prebiotics in the prevention of diet induced weight gain , comprisinga) determining a level of alpha-keto-isovalerate in a urine sample obtained from a subject that has consumed prebiotics, andb) comparing the subject's alpha-keto-isovalerate level to a predetermined reference value,wherein a decreased alpha-keto-isovalerate level, or an absence of change in the alpha-keto-isovalerate level, in the urine sample compared to the predetermined reference value indicates that the administration of prebiotics is effective in the prevention of diet induced weight gain in the subject.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diet is a high fat diet.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the levels of the biomarkers in the urine sample are determined by H-NMR and/or mass spectrometry.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined reference value is based on an average alpha-keto-isovalerate level in urine in a control population of subjects consuming a high fat diet.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined reference value is the alpha-keto-isovalerate level in urine in the subject before the prebiotics were consumed.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the level of alpha-keto-isovalerate and/or the further biomarkers are determined in a urine sample obtained from the subject after at least three consecutive days of prebiotic consumption.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the prebiotic is selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharides claim 1 , optionally containing fructose claim 1 , galactose claim 1 , mannose; dietary fibers claim 1 , in particular soluble fibers claim 1 , soy fibers; inulin; ...

METHYLCITRATE ANALYSIS IN DRIED BLOOD SPOTS

There is provided a method of measuring methylcitrate (MCA) in a sample by derivatizing the MCA, for example with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7-(2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DAABD-AE); measuring a level of the derivatized MCA; and determining the level of MCA from the measured level. The sample may be a dried blood spot (DBS), and the extraction and derivatization may be carried out simultaneously. No separate extraction or purification step is required, thereby reducing sample handling. Measuring may be carried out by mass spectrometry. The method may be used to screen for subjects having or at increased risk of a propionylcarnitine (C3) related disorder. The method may be used as a first tier screen, or as a second tier test for a sample that previously triggered a positive result in a primary screen. The method may be applied to newborn screening. Related kits and uses are also provided. 1. A method of measuring a level of 2-methylcitric acid (MCA) in a sample , comprising:derivatizing the MCA with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7-(2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DAABD-AE);measuring a level of the derivatized MCA; anddetermining the level of MCA from the measured level of derivatized MCA.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is from a dried blood spot (DBS).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sample is a punch from a dried blood spot.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the punch has a size of less than 18 mm.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the punch has a size of less than 10 mm.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the punch has a size of about 7 mm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of measuring is carried out by mass spectrometry.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the mass spectrometry is liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the MCA is derivatized with the DAABD-AE for less than an hour.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the MCA is ...

Measurement Of FGF21 As A Biomarker Of Fructose Metabolism And Metabolic Disease

The invention provides, inter alia, methods of monitoring the fructose response of a subject by determining the level of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product in a biological sample (such as a serum sample) from the subject, where the subject was previously administered a fructose bolus. The invention also provides methods of monitoring the response of a subject to a treatment for a disorder of metabolism, for discriminating fructose intolerance from other gastrointestinal disorders not associated with fructose intolerance, for identifying a subject at risk for developing a disorder of metabolism, as well as methods of treatment for a disorder of metabolism. 1. A method of monitoring the fructose response in a subject comprising determining a level of a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product in an isolated biological sample obtained from the subject , wherein the subject was previously administered a fructose bolus.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the level of FGF21 gene expression product is determined at the protein level.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the level of FGF21 protein gene expression product is determined by ELISA claim 2 , Western Blotting claim 2 , RIA (radioimmunoassay) claim 2 , nucleic acid-based or protein-based aptamer techniques claim 2 , HPLC (high precision liquid chromatography) claim 2 , SPR (surface plasmon resonance) claim 2 , SAT (suspension array technology) claim 2 , direct peptide sequencing claim 2 , or mass spectrometry.46.-. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , wherein level of FGF21 gene expression product is determined at the nucleic acid level.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the level of nucleic acid FGF21 gene expression product is determined by microarray claim 7 , quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) claim 7 , quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) claim 7 , sequencing claim 7 , northern blotting claim 7 , digital drop PCR (ddPCR) ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTION OF CHEMILUMINESCENT REACTIONS

Methods, devices and kit for analyzing a sample comprising 1,5-anhydroglucitol and a first analyte via one or more chemiluminescent reactions. Certain embodiments include measuring a first light response resulting from a first chemiluminescent reaction and measuring a second light response resulting from a second chemiluminescent reaction. Certain embodiments also include comparing the first light response to the second light response to determine a ratio of 1,5-anhydroglucitol and the first analyte. 1. A method for analyzing a sample , the method comprising:obtaining a sample comprising 1,5-anhydroglucitol and a first analyte;adding a first reagent to the sample, wherein the first reagent causes a first chemiluminescent reaction with the sample;measuring a first light response resulting from the first chemiluminescent reaction; the second reagent is sequentially added to the sample after the first reagent is added to the sample; and', 'the second reagent causes a second chemiluminescent reaction with the sample;, 'adding a second reagent to the sample, whereinmeasuring a second light response resulting from the second chemiluminescent reaction; andcomparing the first light response to the second light response to determine a ratio of 1,5-anhydroglucitol and the first analyte.2. The method of wherein the sample comprises saliva.3. The method of wherein the sample comprises urine.4. The method of wherein the sample comprises blood.5. The method of wherein the sample comprises interstitial fluid.6. The method of wherein the first analyte is glucose claim 1 , L-sorbose claim 1 , D-xylose claim 1 , D-galactose claim 1 , glucono-δ-lactone claim 1 , urea claim 1 , creatinine claim 1 , or creatine.7. The method of wherein the first reagent is glucose oxidase.8. The method of wherein the second reagent is pyranose oxidase.9. The method of wherein measuring the first light response resulting from the first chemiluminescent reaction and the second light response resulting ...

DIAGNOSTIC METHODS, THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND USES THEREOF

The present invention provides a method for diagnosing a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of insulin resistance, a metabolic disorder, diabetes and pre-diabetes in a subject. The method comprises the step of determining the level of a compound represented by structural formula (VI): or a salt thereof. Compositions and method of making thereof are also described. 3. The method of or , wherein the method further comprises treating the subject with an effective therapy suitable for treating the disease or disorder when an elevated level of the compound is present in the biological sample as compared to the level of the compound in the normal control sample.6. The method of or , wherein an increase in the level of the compound is indicative of progression of the disease.7. The method of , or , wherein the method further comprises treating the subject with an effective therapy suitable for treating the disease or disorder.10. The method of or , wherein a decrease in the level of compound in the second sample as compared in the first sample indicates that the therapy used is effective in treating the subject.11. The method of any one of and - , wherein treating the subject comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a therapeutic agent suitable for treating the disease or disorder.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the therapeutic agent is an antidiabetic or antiobesity drug.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group comprising metformin claim 11 , pioglitazone claim 11 , rosiglitazone claim 11 , acarbose claim 11 , tetrahydrolipstatin claim 11 , phentermine/topiramate claim 11 , bupropion/naltrexone claim 11 , lorcaserin claim 11 , liraglutide claim 11 , and canagliflozin.14. The method of any one of and - claim 11 , wherein treating the subject comprises a lifestyle modification of the subject.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the lifestyle modification comprises dietary modification ...

DEVICES FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST THERAPEUTIC DRUGS

Devices for detection of antibodies against therapeutic drugs (ADAs), in which chimeric proteins facilitate immobilization and exposure of target epitopes, are described. Results can be obtained in minutes, enabling point of care testing and/or patient self-testing, and risk assessment. The data can also be used for deriving scientific knowledge in the fields of oncology, autoimmune diseases (including but not restricted to diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular diseases, rare diseases, and other diseases for which treatment comprises administration of a therapeutic drug and/or gene therapy. 1. A device for testing anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in tissues and body fluids , comprising:a. A solid support;b. A material containing one or more immobilized chimeric proteins, wherein the chimeric protein has one or more target antigens; andc. One or more sensors for a signal generated by binding of target antigens with ADAs.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target antigen of the chimeric protein is from the group consisting of protein claim 1 , peptide claim 1 , carbohydrate claim 1 , lipid claim 1 , oligonucleotide claim 1 , chemical entity or moiety.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the chimeric protein has one region with one or more target antigens and a second region with low binding propensity for ADAs.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the chimeric protein has one region with one or more target antigens and a second region with low binding propensity for components of the sample matrix and for ADAs.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target antigen is from the variable region of an antibody.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target antigen is from a chemical entity or moiety.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target antigen is from a protein molecule.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target antigen is from a peptide molecule.9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target antigen is from an oligonucleotide molecule. ...

APTAMERS AND SENSING TECHNOLOGY USED FOR DETECTION OF GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN IN WHOLE BLOOD

High affinity DNA aptamers Seq ID#1-8 for HbA1C and tHb were successfully selected using SELEX after 11 rounds of selection. The tested aptamers bind to HbA1C with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range with the highest affinity aptamer, Seq ID#6, exhibiting a Kof 2.8 nM. Another aptamer sequence (Seq ID #4) which showed high binding affinity to tHb with a Kof 2.7 nM was also selected. The HbA1C and tHb-specific aptamers were then applied for the detection of HbA1C % using a voltammetric aptasensor array platform showing remarkable sensitivity and selectivity. The aptasensor array platform was validated using standard human whole blood samples and demonstrated linearity over wide concentration range. The developed platform is superior to current methodologies due to its simplicity, stability and lower cost which will facilitate the early and accurate diagnosis of diabetes. 1. A method of using an aptasensor based microarray technology for measuring a parameter in a blood for a diabetic condition , comprising:coupling purified hemoglobin (Hb) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) separately with N-hyroxysuccinimide-activated sepharose beads (NHS) to form a NHS activated bead with Hb and NHS activated bead with HbA1C;selecting a DNA aptamer sequence in full or part of this sequence against a glycated hemoglobin and total hemoglobin; wherein the DNA aptamer consists of Seq ID #4 and Seq ID #6;binding the DNA aptamer to the NHS activated bead with Hb and NHS activated bead with HbA1C;immobilizing the DNA aptamer bound NHS activated bead with Hb and NHS activated bead with HbA1C to gold electrode to form an aptamer array;adding a whole human blood after dilution to the aptamer array;incubating the aptamer array with the whole blood diluted sample for 30 minutes at room temperature and washing with a buffer solution to remove unbound whole blood sample; andmeasuring a voltametric response for a concentration of a total hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin in the whole ...

MATERNAL BIOMARKERS FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES

Embodiments herein relate to the field of screening tools for fetal/maternal wellness, and, more specifically, to biomarkers for gestational diabetes. In various embodiments, the methods may provide non-invasive and minimally-invasive screening tools for gestational diabetes that involve detection of changes in a proteomic profile of a test sample relative to a reference sample. In particular embodiments, the method may include determining whether a proteomic profile of a test sample from the subject includes at least one expression signature characteristic of gestational diabetes, wherein the proteomic profile comprises information on the expression of glycosylated fibronectin and glycosylated PSG, for example information on levels of fibronectin-SNA or a fibronectin-antibody complex, and PSG-AAL or a PSG-antibody complex. In some embodiments, the proteomic profile may also include information on the expression of adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), C-reactive protein (CRP), a ratio of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to placental lactogen, or a combination thereof. 1. A method for determining if a subject has gestational diabetes , comprising:providing a test sample from the subject;measuring a level of glycosylated fibronectin in the sample;determining whether the level of glycosylated fibronectin is elevated in the sample relative to a control.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring a level of glycosylated fibronectin in the sample comprises detecting glycosylated fibronectin using an antibody.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the antibody is an anti-fibronectin-SNA antibody.4. The method of claim 7 , wherein measuring a level of glycosylated PSG in the sample comprises detecting glycosylated PSG using an antibody.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the antibody is an anti-PSG-AAL antibody.6. The method of claim 7 , wherein the method further comprises measuring adiponectin claim 7 , sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) claim 7 , C-reactive ...

Diabetes panel

The present invention generally relates to predicting the risk of developing diabetes in patients who currently do not have diabetes. The invention can involve obtaining a sample from a patient negative for diabetes, conducting an assay on the sample to obtain a level of a glycated albumin, and determining an elevated risk of developing a diabetic condition if the level exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Dermatopontin as a therapeutic for metabolic disorders

The present disclosure describes to a method of treating a metabolic disease in a subject, wherein the method comprises administration of dermatopontin to a subject, wherein the dermatopontin is recombinant dermatopontin and the metabolic disease is selected from a group consisting of weight gain, diet-induced weight gain, obesity, morbid obesity, metabolic syndrome, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, type I diabetes, type if diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Disclosed herein is also a method of determining or making a prognosis of a subject's susceptibility to metabolic diseases and obesity, the method comprising measuring the level of circulating dermatopontin in a sample obtained from a subject; and comparing the level of circulating dermatopontin obtained with the level of dermatopontin previously determined in a control; and determining the susceptibility of the subject to metabolic disease and obesity based on the difference between the level of circulating dermatopontin and the level of dermatopontin in the control.

ApoIII and the Treatment and Diagnosis of Diabetes

The present invention provides methods of identifying candidate compounds for the treatment of type I diabetes comprising contacting pancreatic β cells with an amount of apolipoprotein CIII (“apoCIII”) effective to increase intracellular calcium concentration, in the presence of one or more test compounds, and identifying those test compounds that inhibit an apoCIII-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration in the pancreatic β cells. The present invention also provides methods for treating patients with type I diabetes comprising administering to the patient an amount effective of an inhibitor of apoCIII to reduce apoCIII-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration in pancreatic β cells. 1. A method of identifying candidate compounds for the treatment of diabetes comprising contacting pancreatic β cells with an amount of apolipoprotein CIII (“apoCIII”) effective to increase intracellular calcium concentration in the presence of one or more test compounds and identifying those test compounds that inhibit an apoCIII-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration in the pancreatic β cells.2. The method of wherein the apoCIII comprises sialylated apoCIII.3. The method of wherein the apoCIII is substantially purified.4. The method of further comprising synthesizing the test compounds that inhibit an apoCIII-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration in the pancreatic β cells.5. A method for treating patients with diabetes comprising administering to a patient with diabetes an amount effective of an inhibitor of apoCIII to reduce apoCIII-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration in pancreatic β cells claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an apoCIII-selective antibody claim 1 , an antisense oligonucleotide directed against the apoCIII mRNA claim 1 , and a small interfering RNA directed against the apoCIII mRNA.7. A method for diagnosing diabetes or a propensity to develop ...

BIOMARKERS FOR PREDICTING DEGREE OF WEIGHT LOSS

A method for predicting the degree of weight loss attainable by applying one or more dietary interventions to a subject, said method comprising determining the level of one or more biomarkers in one or more samples obtained from the subject, wherein the biomarkers are selected from fructosamine and factor VII. 1. A method for predicting the degree of weight loss attainable by applying one or more dietary interventions to a subject , said method comprising:determining the level of one or more biomarkers in one or more samples obtained from the subject, wherein the biomarkers are selected from fructosamine and factor VII.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises determining the level of adiponectin in one or more samples.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises determining the level of insulin in one or more samples.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein levels of each of fructosamine claim 1 , factor VII claim 1 , adiponectin and insulin are determined claim 1 , and decreased levels of fructosamine and insulin and increased levels of factor VII and adiponectin in the sample is indicative of a greater degree of weight loss in the subject.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more samples are derived from blood.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fructosamine levels are determined by measuring glycated albumin.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dietary intervention is a low calorie diet.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the low calorie diet comprises a calorie intake of about 600 to about 1200 kcal/day.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the low calorie diet comprises administration of at least one diet product.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the low calorie diet has a duration of 6 to 12 weeks.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises combining the level of the one or more biomarkers with one or ...

METHOD OF LIPID ASSAY AND REAGENT FOR USE THEREIN

A method of lipid assay characterized by assaying the lipids contained in a blood component in the presence of an organic silicon compound. The method can cause specific conditions for direct methods while satisfying requirements such as no influence on precision of assay, no burden on assay apparatus, and easy availability. 1. A method of assaying lipid characterized by assaying the lipid in blood components in the presence of an organic silicon compound.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic silicon compound is a silicone and/or a derivative of silicone.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the silicone or the derivative is selected from the group consisting of high polymerization silicone claim 1 , cyclic silicone claim 1 , silicone-containing surfactant claim 1 , and modified silicone oil.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lipid component is a lipid contained in a specific lipoprotein.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lipid component is a cholesterol claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , or phospholipid.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a lipid contained in a lipoprotein is detected by acting an enzyme on the lipoprotein under the conditions in which the organic silicon compound is present and a precipitation agent is not present.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is acted on the lipid in a lipoprotein in the presence of a surfactant having lipoprotein selectivity.812-. (canceled)13. A reagent for assaying HDL-cholesterol comprising (1) organic silicon compound claim 1 , (2) cholesterol esterase claim 1 , (3) cholesterol oxidase claim 1 , (4) peroxidase claim 1 , and (5) chromogen.14. A reagent according to further comprising a surfactant having lipoprotein selectivity.15. A kit for assaying LDL-cholesterol comprising:a first reagent which comprises (1) organic silicon compound, (2) cholesterol esterase, (3) cholesterol oxidase, (4) peroxidase, and (5) one of two compounds ...

Means and methods for the determination of (d)-2-hydroxyglutarate (d2hg) or (d)-2-hydroxyadipic acid

The present invention relates to a method for detecting (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate or (D)-2-hydroxyadipic acid in a sample, the method comprising the steps of: a) contacting a sample with a reagent mixture, wherein said reagent mixture comprises: (i) a solvent, (ii) a dye having an oxidized state and a reduced state, wherein the reduced state can be distinguished from the oxidized state and wherein the dye is initially present in the oxidized state, (iii) an electron transfer agent, (iv) a (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme, and (v) a cofactor; and b) detecting (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate or (D)-2-hydroxyadipic acid by measuring the production of the reduced state of the dye. The invention further pertains to a method for diagnosing and/or monitoring a (D)-2-hydroxy-glutarate-associated disease in a subject. Encompassed by the invention is also a method for diagnosing a mutation in an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene or in a (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) dehydrogenase enzyme gene in a subject. In addition, the invention provides for a kit comprising (i) a solvent, (ii) a dye having an oxidized state and a reduced state, wherein the reduced state can be distinguished from the oxidized state and wherein the dye is initially present in the oxidized state, (iii) an electron transfer agent, (iv) a (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme, and (v) a cofactor.