ЛИЗИМЕТР

Изобретение относится к области сельского хозяйства и может быть использовано при балансовых исследованиях на мелиорируемых землях, в частности, для определения инфильтрации поливных, талых и дождевальных вод. Лизиметр включает емкость (1) с монолитом почвы, сообщающуюся с вертикально установленной емкостью (6), поддон (5), клапан (11), фиксатор (16) положения клапана (11) и элементы контроля уровня воды. Вертикально установленная емкость (6) разделена на две неравные части (8, 9) вертикальной перфорированной перегородкой (10) и одна из частей емкости (8), сообщенная посредством трубы с емкостью (1) монолита почвы, выполнена с размещенным внутри клапаном (11), жестко закрепленным к вертикальному стержню (13) с указательной стрелкой (14), размещенной над крышкой (15) емкости (6). Клапан (11) выполнен в виде шара, снабженного сверху козырьком (12), и размещен с возможностью перекрытия выпускного отверстия (18) в горизонтальной перегородке (19), закрепленной в средней части емкости (6). При ...

ЛИЗИМЕТР

Изобретение относится к области сельского хозяйства и может быть использовано при балансовых исследованиях на мелиорируемых землях, в частности, для определения инфильтрации поливных, талых и дождевальных вод. Лизиметр включает емкость (1) с монолитом почвы, сообщающуюся с вертикально установленной емкостью (6), которая разделена на измерительную емкость (8) и дренажный колодец (9) вертикальной перегородкой (10) и поддон (5), причем измерительная емкость (8) выполнена в виде поплавковой камеры, сообщенной посредством трубы с емкостью (1) монолита почвы, а в перегородке (10) выполнено отверстие с устройством для сброса воды. В измерительной емкости (8) размещен плавающий приемник (11), соединенный с верхним концом гибкого шланга (12), другой конец которого соединен с выпускным отверстием (13) в нижней части перегородки (10). Плавающий приемник (11) соединен со штоком (14), свободно установленным в направляющих (15), которые жестко соединены рычагом (17) с механизмом изменения положения поплавкового ...

Способ определения тальвега на агроландшафтах склоновых земель в полевых условиях

Изобретение относится к сельскому хозяйству, в частности, к способам изучения водной эрозии и может быть использовано в почвоведении, мелиорации и природообустройстве. Способ определения тальвега на агроландшафтах склоновых земель в полевых условиях включает применение технического средства профилирования дневной поверхности, в котором замеряют профиль дневной поверхности почвы по окружности. Причем по профилю сканируемой окружности, ограничивающей верхнюю ячейку на исследуемом склоне в полярной системе координат, определяют направление склона и пониженные участки. Устанавливают расположение тальвега, а нижняя точка профиля будет располагаться на тальвеге и являться точкой соприкосновения со следующей ячейкой в виде окружности, расположенной ниже по исследуемому склону, для которой также замеряют профиль дневной поверхности почвы и устанавливают расположение тальвега и его нижнюю точку. Технический результат - повышение точности определения тальвега на агроландшафтах склоновых земель в ...

СПОСОБ НАРАЩИВАНИЯ И ПРОГРЕВА АТМОСФЕРЫ МАРСА

Способ наращивания и прогрева атмосферы Марса, характеризующийся тем, что на Марсе вскрывают закупоренные фумаролы.

УЗЕЛ ДАТЧИКА ОБЪЕМНОЙ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ПОЧВЫ

СИСТЕМЫ, СПОСОБЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВНЕСЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

СИСТЕМЫ, СПОСОБЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА ВНЕСЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ

REFLEKTOMETER ZUM MESSEN DER FEUCHTIGKEIT VON KAPILLARROEHREN ENTHALTENDEN POROESEN MATERIEN, INSBESONDERE VON DER ERDE.

Verfahren zur Bestimmung aerob biologisch entstehender Wärmeenergie

MONITORING PROPERTY OF MEDIUM

Plant watering indicator device.

The device comprises an elongate member 11 which is insertable into soil and has a layer 14 of hygroscopic material, calcium hydroxide, disposed thereon. At the end of the member not inserted into the soil there is a transparent plastic coloured film 16, which covers the calcium hydroxide layer and seals the layer by means of tape pieces 18 and so on. There is a gap 19 in the layer disposed beneath the plastic film. In use the indicator is inserted into the soil and, if sufficient water is present, the water is attracted up between the film and the member and the calcium hydroxide changes from opaque to translucent whereby the colour of the member is contrasted against the colour of film above the gap, giving a visual indication of the water content. ...

Process and measuring device of the moisture of the grounds.

Anordnung zum Sammeln von Proben

Eine Anordnung (1) zum Sammeln und Nehmen (Ziehen) von Proben von Sickerwasser im Bereich von Sickermulden mit Bodenfilter (20) mit wasserdurchlässiger Schicht umfasst ein Gehäuse (2), dem außen eine Leiteinrichtung (7) zugeordnet ist. Das die wasserdurchlässige Sickerschicht (20) des Bodenfilters durchdringende Wasser wird von der Leiteinrichtung (7) in einen Raum (4) des Gehäuses (2) geleitet und aus diesem über eine Verbindungsleitung (11) zu einem in einem gesonderten Bereich des Gehäuses (2) angeordneten Probenbehälter (6) geleitet. Der Probenbehälter (6) mit darin gesammeltem Sickerwasser kann aus dem Gehäuse (2) entnommen und das Sickerwasser einer Analyse unterzogen werden.

PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING SORBATGEHALTEN IN SUBSTRATES

Gardening device for soil cultivation and sowing or planting method with the help of such a gardening device

... -21 Abstract The invention relates to a gardening device for soil cultivation, comprising a handle section, a ground contact section attached thereto, for example a blade (1), a power supply, a number of detecting devices for detecting a number of variables corresponding to soil properties, a computing unit for calculating the soil properties from the number of variables corresponding to the soil properties, and an output device for outputting the soil properties and/or soil properties based information. Therein, the ground contact section carries electrodes (3, 4, 7, 8), via which the number of the variables corresponding to the soil properties are detected, and wherein one of the number of detection devices is a nutrient detection device for detecting a number of variables corresponding to the nutrient content in the soil, wherein the computing unit is designed for calculating the nutrient content in the soil from the number of variables corresponding to the nutrient content in the soil ...

Time-series geochemistry in unconventional plays

Method of optimizing well placement in an unconventional reservoir, by obtaining a plurality of produced oil, produced water and produced gas samples from an unconventional reservoir over a period of time, and obtaining a plurality of rock samples from the reservoir. Each of those plurality of samples is chemically fingerprinted, as well as assigned time and location identifiers. This data is then used to generate a plurality of reservoir maps over time and those maps then used to optimizing well placement in the reservoir.

Systems and apparatuses for soil and seed monitoring

A soil apparatus (e.g., seed firmer) having a locking system is described herein. In one embodiment, the soil apparatus includes a lower base portion for engaging in soil of an agricultural field, an upper base portion, and a neck portion having protrusions to insert into the lower base portion of a base and then lock when a region of the upper base portion is inserted into the lower base portion and this region of the upper base portion presses the protrusions to lock the neck portion to the upper base portion.

Moisture content sensor and related methods

Tapered soil moisture sensor arrangement and method of installation

The field of the invention is soil sensors and in particular the sensor clement housing for the placement of a soil sensor housing in the soil. The housing having a body adapted for housing a soil moisture sensor arrangement wherein sensors are arranged within and along the length of the housing, the body having a head end and an inserted end, the body shaped so that the maximum outer diameter of the inserted end is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the head end of the body, and the body adapted to be inserted into the prepared opening such that the outer surface of the body is in conformance with the soil forming the prepared opening along the full length of the housing. The housing including, at least one capacitive sensor, where a first capacitive element of the sensor has a maximum outer diameter, arid a second capacitive element of the sensor has a maximum outer diameter smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element ...

Simulated integrated computational elements and their applications

A downhole system in which an agile light source is used to simulate an integrated optical element to measure one or more characteristics of a fluid in a wellbore. The downhole system is both rugged and compact and allows spectral measurements of samples using a broad spectral band with a reduced number of physical components.

Dihedral sensor for determining tension, potential and activity of liquids

In the dihedral sensor system, two flat plates are attached at a dihedral angle such that the distance between the edge and the meniscus (L) and the distance between the plates (a), over the meniscus, is a function of the tangent of the dihedral angle (). Thus, for pure water the tension () is equal to the potential (T) and given by T = -2 / [L tg()], where is the surface tension of the water. To measure soil moisture tension, the system is connected to porous elements, and the edge of the sensor is pressed directly against roots and other plant organs. The potential of water, on the other hand, is measured with the edge positioned a few microns from the sample and the response occurs following the exchange of a few picolitres of water, when the vapour pressure and temperature equilibrium condition is almost reached. Water tensions are measured visually between 0 and 0.3 MPa using a slide gauge, and the reading can be extended to around 3.0 MPa using a microscope. Water activity corresponding ...

Fluid characterization of porous materials LIBS

A method for analysing fluid characteristics of a geological sample with laser-induced breakdown spectral measurements performed on the geological sample, spectral pre-processing performed as necessary, and subsequent analysis is applied to the collected data to determine at least one fluid parameter of the sample. The method can provide a more rapid and reliable method to estimate fluid properties of a geological sample. A system for performing the method also is provided.

METHOD AND PROBE FOR MEASURING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SOIL

Agricultural waste lagoons are the predominant method currently utilized to contain large quantities of livestock by-products such as manure. Clay liners are the most common materials used to line the bottom of storage lagoons in order to prevent waste effluent seepage. Clay liners are an economical lining material and have a hydraulic conductivity of less than 1x10-7 cm/s. Proper containment of waste in storage lagoons is critical to avoid the implications of local groundwater contamination. A hydraulic conductivity probe was designed to alleviate the negative aspects of the current methods used to determine hydraulic conductivity. The probe includes a housing for insertion into the ground, electrical potential gradient means for generating an electrical potential gradient in the ground and pressure sensing means for measuring changes in pressure in the ground.

TIME-SERIES GEOCHEMISTRY IN UNCONVENTIONAL PLAYS

Method of optimizing well placement in an unconventional reservoir, by obtaining a plurality of produced oil, produced water and produced gas samples from an unconventional reservoir over a period of time, and obtaining a plurality of rock samples from the reservoir. Each of those plurality of samples is chemically fingerprinted, as well as assigned time and location identifiers. This data is then used to generate a plurality of reservoir maps over time and those maps then used to optimizing well placement in the reservoir.

SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODS FOR MONITORING AND ADJUSTING ACTUAL SEED DEPTHS DURING A PLANTING OPERATION BASED ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

In one aspect, a method is disclosed for adjusting a seed depth associated with depositing a seed within a furrow in a field during a planting operation of an agricultural implement. The method may include determining, by a computing device, a target seed depth based on a moisture content of the soil within the field; sensing, by the computing device, a seed depth parameter indicative of a seed depth of the seed relative to a ground surface of the field; comparing, by the computing device, the seed depth parameter to a target seed depth parameter that describes the target seed depth; and initiating, by the computing device, a control action configured to adjust the seed depth parameter towards the target seed depth parameter.

Appareil pour la mesure de la perméabilité d'un sol et procédé de mise en action de cet appareil

Vorrichtung zur Messung der Bodenfeuchte

Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Wasserdruckes und/oder des Wassergehaltes im Boden, insbesondere für Blumentöpfe, Kulturbeete und dergleichen

Tensiometer for determining the pressure of the capillary water in the soil

The tensiometer is designed in two parts having a probe tube (10) and a pressure-measuring device (20). The pressure is measured by means of an elastically deformable membrane. For the purpose of coupling the measuring device pneumatically to the probe tube, the latter is sealed with a pierceable and self-sealing stopper (14), and fastened to the pressure-measuring device there is a hollow needle suitable for piercing said stopper. Arranged on or in the elastically deformable membrane there are mechanical-electrical transducers which can be connected to an electrical measuring and analysis device (39) which indicates the pressure corresponding to the deformation of the membrane. ...

Measuring method and apparatus for a liquid alarm system.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Messverfahren und eine Messvorrichtung für eine Flüssigkeitsmeldeanlage (10) insbesondere für eine Wassermeldeanlage, bei denen Flüssigkeitssensoren (15) mit bekannten komplexen Widerstandswerten in einer ersten Messumgebung mit einer ersten Gleichspannung und/oder mit einem ersten Gleichstrom während einer ersten Zeitdauer beaufschlagt werden worauf an zumindest einem Ausgang des Flüssigkeitssensors (15) nach der ersten Zeitdauer die Gleichspannung oder der Gleichstrom gemessen werden und wonach während einer zweiten Zeitdauer eine zweiten Gleichspannung und/oder eines zweiter Gleichstroms mit einer anderen Polarität an dem ersten Spannungseingang oder einem zweiten Spannungseingang des Flüssigkeitssensors (15) angelegt wird und die Messung wiederholt wird wobei dadurch entstehende Wechselspannung und/oder Wechselstrom am Flüssigkeitssensor (15) gemessen wird, so dass eine Detektion einer indikativen Information am Flüssigkeitssensor (15) erfolgt, wobei die indikative ...

Measuring method and apparatus for a liquid alarm system.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Messverfahren und eine Messvorrichtung für eine Flüssigkeitsmeldeanlage (10), insbesondere für eine Wassermeldeanlage, bei denen Flüssigkeitssensoren (15) mit bekannten komplexen Widerstandswerten in einer ersten Messumgebung mit einer ersten Gleichspannung und/oder mit einem ersten Gleichstrom während einer ersten Zeitdauer beaufschlagt werden, worauf an zumindest einem Ausgang des Flüssigkeitssensors (15) nach der ersten Zeitdauer die Gleichspannung oder der Gleichstrom gemessen werden und wonach während einer zweiten Zeitdauer einer zweiten Gleichspannung und/oder eines zweiten Gleichstroms mit einer anderen Polarität an dem ersten Spannungseingang oder einem zweiten Spannungseingang des Flüssigkeitssensors (15) angelegt wird und die Messung wiederholt wird, wobei dadurch entstehende Wechselspannung und/oder Wechselstrom am Flüssigkeitssensor (15) gemessen wird, so dass eine Detektion einer indikativen Information am Flüssigkeitssensor (15) erfolgt, wobei die ...

Measuring device and measuring method for migration amount with water of water-soluble substances in soil

Plant soil moisture detection device

Capacitive probe for the in situ measurement of the water content of soil

Sensor allowing measurement of the state of hydration of soils or of culture media

CULTIVATION ENVIRONMENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PLANTS

식물 모니터, 정보 생성 방법, 장치 및 식물 모니터링 시스템

... 식물 모니터, 정보 생성 방법, 장치 및 식물 모니터링 시스템에 있어서, 당해 식물 모니터는 메인 컨트롤 칩(141), 무선 통신 칩(142) 및 적어도 하나의 성장 환경 모니터링 센서를 포함하고, 성장 환경 모니터링 센서는 광센서(143a), 온도 센서(143b), 습도 센서(143c)와 토양 전도율 센서(143d) 중의 적어도 하나를 포함하며, 메인 컨트롤 칩(141)은 성장 환경 모니터링 센서에서 수집한 성장 환경 데이터를 획득하고, 성장 환경 데이터를 무선 통신 칩(142)을 통해 모바일 단말기(120)에 송신하도록 구성되고, 모바일 단말기는 성장 환경 데이터에 따라 식물 양식 참조 정보를 생성하기 위한 것이다. 사용자가 관상용 식물의 생활 습성을 이해할 필요가 없고, 사용자가 인공적으로 식물의 성장 환경이 적합한지 여부를 판단할 필요가 없으며, 식물 모니터를 식물의 성장 토양에 삽입하기만 하면, 상응한 식물의 양식 참조 정보를 획득하는 효과를 얻을 수 있다.

Wireless subsoil tension sensor

A wireless subsoil tension meter is disclosed, including an upper housing part, a middle housing part, a lower housing part, and a sensor module. The upper, middle and lower housing parts are assembled to form a sealed space to house a sensor module and liquid. The upper housing part has a tubular body shape. The middle housing part has a funnel body shape, with a larger top and the smaller bottom, the top end of the middle housing part is slightly smaller than the inside the bottom end of the outer tube of the upper housing part for easy assembly and tight fit. The lower housing part is has an elongated dome shape. When assembled, the sensor module is housed inside the assembly, which can further be applied to an extendable wireless soil measurement apparatus.

DEVICE FOR MEASURING ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A WATER-CONTAINING MEDIUM

The invention relates to a device (1) for measuring electrical properties of a water-containing medium, comprising: first and second probes (3, 4) that can be spaced apart by at least 100 millimetres in measurement configuration, the first probe (3) comprising a first conducting electrode and the second probe (4) comprising second and third conducting electrodes (41, 42); a transconductance device (61), for converting the currents passing through the second and third electrodes (41, 42) into measurement voltages and having a local earth; a first comparator (66), generating voltages representative of the difference between the measurement voltages and the earth voltage of the transconductance device; an electrical excitation circuit (21); and a measurement circuit (22) for determining the impedances of the water-containing medium between the probes as a function of the voltages generated by the first comparator.

Tool for Cutoff Value Determination in Net-Pay Computation Workflow

Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for assessing porosity and water saturation cutoff values for hydrocarbon volume estimation are described. The techniques can include determining a plurality of water saturation and porosity value pairs for locations regularly-spaced along at least one borehole. The techniques can further include plotting the plurality of water satoration and porosity value pairs on a graph and representing a plurality of percentiles of the estimated maximal hydrocarbon volume on the graph. The techniques can also include causing the graph to be displayed to a user, such that the user can visually observe a combined sensitivity to porosity and water saturation cutoffs values. The user can take various actions based on the display.

Method and apparatus for measuring in-place soil density and moisture content

A method and apparatus for measuring in-place soil density and moisture content. A cylindrical cell is disclosed which may be used to measure the density and the dielectric constant of a soil sample placed within the cylindrical cell. Also disclosed is a multiple rod probe which is designed to contact spikes driven into the ground to measure the in-place dielectric constant of soil. The multiple rod probe includes adjustable studs which ensure complete contact with the spikes. Both measurements are performed using time domain reflectometry. The present invention develops equations for determining the density of the soil in-place from the measured dielectric constant of the soil in-place and the measured density and dielectric constant of the soil in the cylindrical cell.

Apparatus for measuring ground moisture content of soil

A method of measuring the moisture content of soil wherein a tapered probe is inserted into a tapered hole formed in the ground. The walls of the hole are tapered substantially in correspondence with the taper of the probe and such that the soil adjacent the walls is not compacted or otherwise affected. In this manner, good contact between the surface of the probe and the soil is obtained. The probe is a capacitance sensing probe with a pair of spaced electrodes along the tapered surface with a dielectric material in between. The electrodes serve as structural members of the probe body and the hollow internal portion is backfilled to prevent moisture from permeating the probe.

Percolation test apparatus

A percolation test apparatus comprises a water tank ( 12 ), a pipe ( 36 ) for directing water from the tank into a hole ( 20 ) in the ground, an on-off valve ( 32 ) for controlling the flow of water in the conduit, and a water level sensor ( 30 ) for detecting the level of water in the hole. To perform a test a control unit ( 14 ) automatically turns the valve on and off at times determined by the level of water detected by the sensor. To avoid collapse of the hole, and to ensure the correct size of hole for the test, a cage ( 16 ) is lowered into the hole. A rain-proof cover ( 18 ) prevents rain from falling onto the cage or the ground surrounding the cage.

Digital time domain reflectometry moisture sensor

A method and apparatus for detecting volumetric moisture content and conductivity in various media based on the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) system disclosed in patent application Ser. No. 09/945528. As in patent application Ser. No. 09/945528, successive square waves are generated and transmitted on a transmission line through a medium of interest, and a characteristic received waveform is digitized and analyzed by continuously sampling multiple received waveforms at short time intervals. Unlike the former system, the system in this disclosure does not propagate the waveform along a transmission line to a receiver at the other end of the line, but uses a reflected wave approach in which the waveform propagates down a shorted or open ended transmission line and reflects back to a receiver connected to the same end of the line as the transmitter. The effects of dispersion caused by the conductive and dielectric properties of the medium on the waveform sent on the transmission line are ...

PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING IMPEDANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIAL UNDER TEST (MUT)

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to evaluating the electromagnetic impedance characteristics of a material under test (MUT) over a range of frequencies. In particular aspects, a system includes: an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode assembly at the first end of the electrically non-conducting container, the transmitting electrode assembly having a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode with a receiving surface, wherein the receiving electrode is approximately parallel with the transmitting electrode, and wherein the transmitting surface of the transmitting electrode is larger than the receiving surface of the receiving ...

AUTONOMOUS MOBILE PLATFORM AND VARIABLE RATE IRRIGATION METHOD FOR PREVENTING FROST DAMAGE

A rover includes a base having wheels and a propulsion system coupled to the wheels to propel the rover around a field. A tower is coupled to the base and extends over the base. Sensors are set on the tower and the base and are configured to sense environmental conditions around the rover at different elevations. A computing system includes a processor and memory. The memory is configured to receive measured data from the sensors and determine an amount and manner of water to be dispensed on plant life in the field.

Container for collection of undisturbed soil samples, method of collecting, preparing and analysing undisturbed soil samples, and equipment for defining soil hydraulic conductivity

A container consists of two external cylinders: bottom and top, between which a middle cylinder, designed for a sample, is situated. A method of collecting, preparing and analysing undisturbed soil samples to define soil hydraulic conductivity generally bases on measurement of volume of water flowing through the sample as a function of time and temperature at a defined hydraulic drop. An equipment consists of a base (6) with a perforated socket (7) to which a pressure column (10) is fitted disconnectedly. A lower edge of the column (10) turns into a flange (11) with holes for screws (12) corresponding to openings made in the base (6). In the base (6) there are horizontal deaeration ducts (8) connected to a vacuum pump. The ducts (8) reach the first grooves of the socket (7). The whole is situated in the external cylinder (17).

MEASURING PROBE FOR MEASURING IN GROUND A PARAMETER AND A METHOD FOR MAKING SUCH A PROBE

A measuring probe for measuring in ground a parameter, the probe having an elongate body with a tip as a leading end and a head as a trailing end, the elongate body having a first and a second member which each extend in a longitudinal direction of the elongate body, the second member provides resistance against bending of the first member when the tip is advanced into the ground by hammering on the head.

Decision-making Method for Variable Rate Irrigation Management

A decision-making method for variable rate irrigation management includes the following steps: S sampling a soil from a root zone of a crop in an area controlled by an irrigation sprinkler, and measuring compositions of separates of the sampled soil; S managing and dividing the area controlled by the irrigation sprinkler according to an AWC of the soil in the root zone of the crop; S constructing an optimized soil moisture sensor network; S placing ground-fixed canopy temperature sensors; S constructing an optimized airborne canopy temperature sensor network centered on the center pivot; and S performing a variable rate irrigation by using the optimized soil moisture sensor network, the fixed canopy temperature sensors, the optimized airborne canopy temperature sensor network and an automatic weather station. The method optimizes the placement and quantity of the soil moisture sensor network and the canopy temperature sensor network to improve the measurement accuracy. 1. A decision-making method for a variable rate irrigation management , comprising the following steps:{'b': '1', 'S: sampling a soil from a root zone of a crop in an area controlled by an irrigation sprinkler, and measuring compositions of separates of the soil;'}{'b': '2', 'S: based on the separates of the soil, managing and dividing, according to an available water capacity (AWC) of the soil in the root zone of the crop, the area controlled by the irrigation sprinkler into a low-AWC management zone, a medium-AWC management zone and a high-AWC management zone;'}{'b': '3', 'S: based on the low-AWC management zone, the medium-AWC management zone and the high-AWC management zone, constructing an optimized soil moisture sensor network;'}{'b': '4', 'S: placing ground-fixed canopy temperature sensors at positions of the high-AWC management zone, wherein soil moisture sensors are placed at the positions of the high-AWC management zone;'}{'b': '5', 'S: constructing an optimized airborne canopy temperature ...

Method of determination of water stress in a one or more plants in a crop located in the vicinity of a soil moisture sensor array and knowledge of ETo

Crops for human and animal consumption of many types are well known by their respective growers. Years of experience in the field provide the grower knowledge about a range of conditions that lead to the full spectrum of crop yields and crop quality, and each grower creates a store of knowledge which they can combine with the available measures of those conditions. This disclosure provides a method for indicating the onset of water stress in one or more plants located in a soil the roots of which are within the measurement zone of a soil moisture sensor located in the soil, by determining if there was no recorded water into soil event in the prior 24 hour period of a respective one 24 hour period; determining from representative data whether there are two respective 24 hour periods of the prior seven consecutive 24 hour periods also have evapotranspiration values within a predetermined range; determining from representative data the rate of soil moisture depletion during the plant moisture ...

Multilevel rapid warning system for landslide detection

A hierarchical early-warning system for landslide probability issues a first level warning based on measured rainfall amounts exceeding a determined threshold, a second level warning, after the first level warning, based additionally on measured soil moisture content measured at different levels, and Factor of safety derived from forecasted pore pressure (FPP) each exceeding a determined threshold, a third level warning, after the first and the second level warnings, based additionally on ground movement measurements compared to a determined threshold, and a fourth level warning after the first, second and third level warnings, based additionally on data from movement-based sensors including strain gauge data.

APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR DENSITY GAUGE REFERENCE EMULATION

Device for determining soil moisture content

The device comprises a housing (2) with two humidity sensors (11, 12). A first opening (3) of the housing (2) is placed onto or into the soil (6), while a second opening (4) is located outside the soil in communication with the environment. A chamber (5) extends in the housing (2) between the first and the second opening. This chamber (5) allows humidity to diffuse between the openings (3, 4). The humidity sensors (11, 12) are located to measure the humidity at two spaced apart locations within the chamber (5). The difference of humidity measured at these two locations is a measure of soil moisture content.

Soil-sampling device

ЛИЗИМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Изобретение относится к сельскому хозяйству, в частности к устройствам для взятия проб почвенных растворов в естественных условиях, а также при отборе почвенных растворов на избыточно увлажнительных почвах, занятых рисовыми чеками. Лизиметрическое устройство содержит корпус 1 с перфорацией и вакуумную трубку 2 с перфорацией для сбора влаги, причем корпус выполнен в виде закрытого полого цилиндра, по всей боковой поверхности которого выполнена перфорация, и который покрыт водопроницаемым материалом геотекстиля 3. Концы материала геотекстиля 3 зафиксированы между собой швом, образуя замкнутую полость цилиндра, при этом перфорированные отверстия 5 цилиндра 1 по всей боковой поверхности просверлены конусными отверстиями, сужающимися во внутрь полого цилиндра 1. Вакуумная трубка 2 снаружи в пределах перфорации внутри корпуса 1 покрыта вторым слоем водопроницаемого материала геотекстиля 6. Изобретение предотвращает заиление полости корпуса прибора и повышает надежность качественного пропуска ...

Датчик температуры и влажности почвы

Полезная модель относится к области измерительной техники и может быть использована для контроля параметров локальных земельных участков различного назначения в экологических, агротехнических и других целях. Заявлен датчик влажности почвы, содержащий основание в виде печатной платы с установленным в нем измерительным элементом в виде датчика влажности. При этом данные с датчика влажности поступают на электрическую схему обработки сигнала, расположенную над датчиком влажности, которая подавляет высокочастотные помехи от данных датчика влажности, преобразует емкость датчика влажности в напряжение для передачи сигнала к внешним приборам через четырехконтактный разъем, расположенный в верхней части основания и подсоединенный к внешним приборам, считывающим показания датчика и обеспечивающим настройку режима работы датчика. Причем часть основания, на которой расположен измерительный элемент с электрической схемой обработки сигнала, для защиты от агрессивных воздействий покрыта герметичным слоем ...

СИСТЕМЫ, СПОСОБЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВНЕСЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

Automatic moisture measurer for controlled watering of sports ground or garden

The moisture involves using a tube made of glass or acrylic glass which is inserted into the material. An emission diode generates infra-red waves which are projected via a lens to the material and reflected to a light-sensitive photo-diode. Simultaneously the variation in the absorbtion spectrum due to water, the variation of colour temperature of the measurement material, e.g. darker colour with increased moisture, as well as the variation of the refractive index. These changes are used to measure the moisture level as comparison when moisture free.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Wasserspannung

Vorrichtung zur Messung der Wasserspannung, insbesondere in Böden oder Stückgütern, mit einer zumindest teilweise von einer porösen, wasserdurchlässigen Membran (2) umschlossenen Messzelle (1) und einem Sensor (6), wobei das Innere der Messzelle (1) mittels wenigstens eines Druckausgleichskanals (4) mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung steht und im Innern der Messzelle (1) ein Messfühler (8) des Sensors (6) angeordnet ist, so dass in der Messzelle (1) stets Umgebungsdruck herrscht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf zumindest einen Bereich der porösen, wasserdurchlässigen Membran (2) im Innern der Messzelle (1) ein ebenfalls mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung stehendes, wasseraufnahmefähiges Messmedium (7) aufgebracht ist, welches aus wenigstens einem Material aus der Gruppe der Textilien, Superabsorber und Aerogele gebildet ist und mit dem Messfühler (8) des Sensors (6) in Wirkverbindung steht, wobei der Sensor (6) zur unmittelbaren oder mittelbaren Erfassung des Wassergehaltes des Messmediums ...

Soil matric potential and salinity measurement apparatus and method of use

Plant moisture detector

Moisture indicating plant pot

Moisture Control Apparatus for monitoring the moisture content of the whole body of potting material contained within a plant pot 1 comprises two or more electrical contacts 2 adjacent to the inner wall of the pot. A suitable meter in the circuit monitors the moisture content of the potting material by measuring the electrical resistance of said material.

MONITORING THE PROPERTY OF A MEDIUM

Device for the measurement of the ground dampness

MOISTURE CONTENT SENSOR AND EQUIVALENT PROCEDURE

Soil measuring instrument, soil measurement assisting device and method, recorded medium on which program is recorded, recorded medium on which data is recorded, application amount controller, application amount determining device, method for them, and farm working determination assisting

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING GROUND MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOIL

SOIL MOISTURE MONITOR

MONITORING A PROPERTY OF A MEDIUM

Method of, and device and system for, monitoring soil moisture content

Environmental sensor

DETERMINING SOIL HUMIDITY

Matric potential sensor

This invention relates to a matric potential sensor(100). Specifically, but not exclusively, the invention may relate to a sensor containing micro-lattice matrix portions (104) arranged to take up water. The matric potential sensor (100) comprises sensing electronics (120) arranged to measure a change in a signal injected into a matrix via one or more sensing elements(102), wherein the matrix comprises at least one portion of a substantially open-cell hydrophilic micro-lattice matrix (104) arranged to absorb moisture from a medium into which, in use, it is inserted.

Multimodal sensor, method of use and fabrication

A multimodal sensor includes a microtensiometer for measuring the chemical potential of a sub-saturated liquid, a temperature sensor, and a water content sensor. The microtensiometer includes a sensor body comprising a first gas-impermeable layer, an opposing second gas-impermeable layer, and a porous membrane layer disposed therebetween. The sensor body defines an internal liquid reservoir. The membrane layer is fluidly connected with the liquid reservoir, and extends to an outside edge of the microtensiometer. The membrane layer defines a plurality of through pores providing an open path from the liquid reservoir to the outside edge of the microtensiometer. The pores have a maximum diameter of 3 millimeters. The microtensiometer further includes a sensor adapted to measure changes in pressure between the liquid reservoir and an outside environment. The temperature sensor is integrated onto the microtensiometer body, and the water content sensor is coupled to the microtensiometer body.

DIELECTRIC METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR IN-SITU SOIL CLASSIFICATION

POROUS MEDIUM TENSIOMETER

A porous medium tensiometer has a filling mechanism which allows to fill a fluid chamber and simultaneously withdraw gas contained in the fluid chamber. A self-priming tensiometer includes a porous material tip having a first section surrounded by a fluid-impermeable membrane, a second section, a threshold suction range and pores, the pores auto-filling with liquid when in fluid communication with a porous medium having a liquid potential being at least equal, in absolute value, to the threshold suction range, the liquid contained in the pores having a liquid pressure representative of the liquid potential; a one--way fluid control device in fluid communication with the porous material tip and allowing fluid contained in pores of the porous material to exit therethrough when the porous material tip auto-fills with liquid; and a pressure transducer in liquid communication with the porous material tip.

SIGNAL-BASED MEDIUM ANALYSIS

A solution for evaluating a medium using electrical signals is described. A plurality of electrical signals having different frequencies are transmitted through the medium and signal data corresponding to the electrical signals after having traveled through the medium is acquired. A complex impedance and a complex permittivity and/or complex conductivity can be calculated for the medium. A set of characteristics of the medium can be computed using mixing models and/or known information of the medium. A level of one or more attributes of the medium can be determined from the characteristics using nonparametric Bayesian inference. One particular application is directed to determining a nitrate level of soil.

HUMECTANT COMPOSITIONS THAT EFFECTIVELY INCREASE MOISTURE RETENTION IN SOIL AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING SAME

A method for increasing moisture retention in a soil includes applying an effective amount of an effective humectant composition to the soil. The effective humectant composition is identified by determining the average moisture content of the soil for the humectant compositions applied at a minimum humectant concentration level, a maximum humectant concentration level, and at a first concentration level between the minimum and the maximum humectant concentration level. An average slope curve is generated by plotting the determined average moisture content of the soil for each applied humectant concentration levels from the minimum humectant concentration level to the maximum humectant concentration level. An effective humectant composition is determined when the generated average slope curve provides an increasing average moisture content along the entirety of a length of the generated average slope curve and when the generated average slope curve has a p value of 0.05 or less.

METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF FLUIDS PRODUCED BY MINERAL REACTIONS OPERATING IN A SEDIMENTARY BASIN

... - Procédé pour prédire la quantité et la composition des fluides produits par des réactions minérales opérant dans un bassin sédimentaire, et piégés avec les hydrocarbures dans les réservoirs. - On acquiert des données géologiques caractéristiques du bassin et l'on construit une représentation du bassin par un maillage. Puis, on calcule, pour au moins un ensemble de mailles du maillage, et au moyen d'un modèle de bassin et des données géologiques, l'évolution des paramètres suivants : une profondeur d'enfouissement (z), une température (T), une pression de pore (P), un volume (V) et une porosité (.PHI.) à des âges successifs (t i) représentatifs de l'histoire géologique du bassin. On détermine en chaque maille de l'ensemble de mailles, une composition minéralogique ou chimique de roche à partir des données géologiques du bassin. Enfin, on détermine la quantité et la composition de fluides d'origine minérale au sein de l'ensemble de mailles, au moyen d'un modèle géochimique et d'une équation ...

DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT COUPLED WITH WATER PARAMETERS OF SOIL

Un appareil d'analyse physique d'un sol ou d'un autre milieu organisé naturel, comportant un passeur d'échantillons ( 100 ) apte à recevoir au moins deux supports ( 1 ) d'échantillons de sol, ledit passeur d'échantillons étant doté de moyens pour placer chaque support d'échantillon et son échantillon ( 2 ) dans une zone de mesure tour à tour et selon un cycle répété dans le temps, l'appareil comprenant : - des moyens de mesure des dimensions desdits échantillons, - des moyens de mesure du potentiel de l'eau desdits échantillons, - des moyens de mesure de la masse desdits échantillons, l'ensemble desdits moyens de mesure étant regroupés dans ladite zone de mesure pour être mis en uvre simultanément sur un échantillon donné lorsqu'il est placé dans ladite zone de mesure. La courbe de retrait et de la courbe du potentiel de l'eau obtenues à partir de ces mesures sont représentatives de 1 ' évolution dans le temps du statut hydrique et structural de l'échantillon de sol durant son dessèchement ...

ELECTRICAL SENSOR FOR SENSING MOISTURE IN SOILS

... 4413 A soil moisture sensor to be implanted in soil. The sensor has a conductive metal housing, perforated to pass moisture to and through a filter liner which lines an internal cavity. A transfer matrix is confined in the liner and is abutted by a buffer tablet of compacted gypsum. An electrode matrix abuts the tablet and bridges a pair of spaced-apart electrodes. Water, or absence of water, in the electrode matrix provides a measure of moisture in the soil as a function of electrical conductivity between the electrodes.

MOISTURE SENSOR FOR ORE CONCENTRATES AND OTHER PARTICULATE MATERIALS

The present invention is concerned with a moisture sensor for measuring the moisture content of particulate material like ore concentrates. The sensor comprises a body having one end to be buried within the bulk of the particulate material and the other end coupled to a force transducer. The force transducer itself is coupled to display means, so that when a conveyor containing the ore concentrate is in operation, a signal is generated from the force transducer and displayed as a result of the drag force exerted by the particulate material on the body. The moisture content may therefore be determined either by means of a calibration chart, or by the output of a calibration computer.

Model and method for measuring side slope surface layer flow relationship

Effective extraction rate calculation method for repairing underground water by extraction method

DEVICE FOR the MEASUREMENT OF the DEGREE Of MOISTURE Of UNSUBSTRAT OF CULTURE FOR PLANTS

Plant pot soil humidity warning device - has sponge escutcheon through pot wall to indicating paper in escutcheon and covered by element

METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF THE FLUIDS PRODUCED BY REACTIONS OPERATING IN A SEDIMENTARY BASIN MINERAL

Procédé pour prédire la quantité et la composition des fluides produits par des réactions minérales opérant dans un bassin sédimentaire, et piégés avec les hydrocarbures dans les réservoirs. On acquiert des données géologiques caractéristiques du bassin et l'on construit une représentation du bassin par un maillage. Puis, on calcule, pour au moins un ensemble de mailles du maillage, et au moyen d'un modèle de bassin et des données géologiques, l'évolution des paramètres suivants : une profondeur d'enfouissement (z), une température (T), une pression de pore (P), un volume (V) et une porosité (Φ) à des âges successifs (ti) représentatifs de l'histoire géologique du bassin. On détermine en chaque maille de l'ensemble de mailles, une composition minéralogique ou chimique de roche à partir des données géologiques du bassin. Enfin, on détermine la quantité et la composition de fluides d'origine minérale au sein de l'ensemble de mailles, au moyen d'un modèle géochimique et d'une équation d'état ...

METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE AMOUNT AND COMPOSITION OF THE FLUIDS PRODUCED FROM REACTIONS OPERATING IN A SEDIMENTARY BASIN MINERAL

Method for time domain reflectometry type measuring of water content in natural material e.g. soil, involves determining primary instant as instant in which number of digital samples is increased continuously above average value

L'invention concerne un procédé de mesure de teneur en eau d'un milieu (M) par réflectométrie, le procédé comprenant : - la formation d'un signal numérique (R(t)) représentatif d'un signal réfléchi par une antenne placée dans le milieu (M), - la détermination, à partir du signal numérique, d'un premier instant (tdi) et d'un deuxième instant (tfi), la durée (Δt) qui sépare le deuxième instant du premier instant mesurant un temps de propagation aller-retour d'un signal qui se propage le long de l'antenne, - une étape de détermination, à partir d'échantillons numériques du signal numérique qui précèdent le premier instant, d'une valeur moyenne sensiblement constante (Xoi) qui représente un niveau de bruit du signal numérique, et - une étape de détermination du premier instant (tdi) comme un instant où un nombre N d'échantillons numériques successifs s'élèvent continument au dessus de la valeur moyenne sensiblement constante.

TENSIOMETER HAS WIDENED RANGE

Tensiomètre à gamme élargie, comprenant deux électrodes de mesure disposées dans une cellule de mesure cylindrique en matériau poreux synthétique. La cellule de mesure est constituée d'une matrice solide cohérente en béton cellulaire à base de ciment, chaux, plâtre et sable.

Electronic hygrometer for soil measurements - uses buried electrodes and produces alarm signal when inter-electrode resistance reaches preset value

CAPTEUR PERMETTANT LA MESURE DE L'ETAT HYDRIQUE DES SOLS OU DES SUPPORTS DE CULTUR

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF PERMETTANT LA MESURE DE L'ETAT HYDRIQUE DES SOLS OU DES SUPPORTS DE CULTURE UTILISANT LE FAIT QUE LE DIELECTRIQUE QUE PEUT FORMER LA TERRE (OU LE SUPPORT DE CULTURE) VARIE PROPORTIONNELLEMENT A LA VARIATION DE LA QUANTITE D'EAU QU'ELLE CONTIENT. LE CAPTEUR EST DONC UN CONDENSATEUR DONT LES ARMATURES SONT ENFONCEES DANS LA TERRE OU LE SUPPORT DE CULTURE. UNE DES ARMATURES EST RECOUVERTE DE MATIERE PLASTIQUE DE FACON A L'ISOLER ELECTRIQUEMENT POUR EVITER QUE LE CONDENSATEUR NE SE TRANSFORME EN RESISTANCE OHMIQUE QUAND LA TERRE EST TRES HUMIDE.

지반함몰 지반의 토양 전단강도 측정장치

... 본 발명은 싱크홀의 발생을 모사하면서, 싱크홀 발생과정에서 토양의 전단응력 변화 양상을 파악할 수 있는 측정장치를 제공한다. 특히 싱크홀 발생과정에서 토양의 최대 및 잔류전단응력을 파악할 수 있어 싱크홀 발생과 전단응력 사이의 관계를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있다.

LED MOISTURE METER FOR FLOWER POT

The present invention relates to a light emitting diode (LED) moisture meter for a flower pot, which represents a quantitative humidity in accordance with each reference section to facilitate qualitative determination so as to solve a problem of a conventional device which represents only a quantitative humidity value, to have difficulty in the qualitative determination. According to the present invention, the light emitting diode moisture meter comprises: a water sensor including a middle portion formed of a long rod and a sharp bottom portion, and inserted into a flower pot to measure the humidity of the flower pot; an LED lighting part having a leaf shape to enable a beginner to easily discriminate the measured humidity value of soil and emitting different LED light according to the humidity value of the flower pot at a right side of the leaf shape; and a flower pot pick having a leaf shape to display a name for discriminating the flower pot and having a space formed at a left side of ...

PROJECTOR HAVING WATER DETECTION SENSOR

Provided is a function to prevent damage to an internal circuit component of a used device with a water detection sensor, a control unit, and a power supply blocking unit when water flows into the inside of the device. Moreover, the water flowing into the inside of the vehicle is detected by the sensor to block power before malfunction occurs. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018 (110) Water detection sensor (120) Control unit (130) Power supply blocking unit (140) Power supply unit (AA) Power supply blocking control signal ...

DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT COUPLED WITH WATER PARAMETERS OF SOIL

The invention relates to an apparatus for physically analyzing soil or another natural, organized medium, comprising a sample changer (100) capable of receiving at least two soil-sample holders (1), said sample changer having a means for placing each sample holder and the sample (2) thereof in a measurement area, in turns, according to a cycle repeated over time, the apparatus including: a means for measuring the size of said samples; a means for measuring the potential of said samples containing water; and a means for measuring the weight of said samples, wherein all of said measuring means are grouped together in said measurement area so as to be simultaneously used implemented for a given sample when the latter is placed in said measurement area. The shrinkage curve and the water potential curve, which are obtained from said measurements, represent the change, over time, in the status of the water and structure of the soil sample during the drying thereof, and can be used to determine ...

TRITIUM INJECTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NATURAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

A technique for quantitatively measuring the characteristic physical parameters of a porous medium viz. "natural groundwater recharge", in hard rock terrain is developed by using radioactive isotope "TRITIUM" as a tracer, which is an isotope of Hydrogen (H3). Tritium is tagged to a layer of soil in the unsaturated zone before the onset of monsoon. The tracer moves downwards in discrete layers due to rainfall input based on the working principle of Piston Flow Model. The tritium is subsequently detected after the cessation of the monsoon rains. Measurement of the displacement of tracer together with moisture content of soil due to certain rainfall during the elapsed time provides natural groundwater recharge.

APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR DENSITY GAUGE REFERENCE EMULATION

Apparatuses and systems for emulating electrical characteristics of a material having a known dielectric constant are disclosed for standardizing and calibrating of electromagnetic devices. The emulator apparatus can include an electrically non-conductive layer having a dielectric constant less than the material dielectric constant and an electrically conductive layer adjacent the non-conductive layer. Artificial dielectrics for emulating the dielectric constant of a material are also disclosed including a substrate matrix having a dielectric constant less than the material dielectric constant and an additive combined with the substrate, the additive having a dielectric constant higher than the material dielectric constant.

SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD

The invention provides a soil moisture content measurement system comprising a porous plate arranged to support a soil sample; a hanging water tube extending downwardly from the porous plate, the tube arranged to convey liquid toward and away from the porous plate; a measuring capillary tube in connection with the hanging water tube, the measuring capillary tube arranged to convey liquid toward and away from the hanging water tube; measurement apparatus configured to measure the movement of liquid within the measuring capillary tube; and a data memory configured to receive and store data from the measurement apparatus representing liquid movement measurements within the measuring capillary tube. The invention also provides a related method of measuring soil moisture content.

SOIL MEASURING INSTRUMENT, SOIL MEASUREMENT ASSISTING DEVICE AND METHOD, RECORDED MEDIUM ON WHICH PROGRAM IS RECORDED, RECORDED MEDIUM ON WHICH DATA IS RECORDED, APPLICATION AMOUNT CONTROLLER, APPLICATION AMOUNT DETERMINING DEVICE, METHOD FOR THEM, AND FARM WORKING DETERMINATION ASSISTING SYSTEM

L'invention concerne un modèle élaboré pour pouvoir définir le type de sol, la teneur en eau d'un sol, et les caractéristiques d'un sol, une section mémorisation des données de mesure du sol (60) étant destinée à mémoriser des données de mesure permettant d'exploiter ledit modèle, ces données étant ensuite mises en corrélation avec une condition de mesure spécifique. Une section de mesure de la teneur en eau (57) permet de mesurer la teneur en eau sur la base des données de mesure fournies par un capteur de sol (S). De plus, une section extraction des caractéristiques (56) et une section définition du type de sol (58) sont prévues pour pouvoir définir le type de sol, qui une fois déterminé, est transmis à une section définition (59). Cette section définition (59) établit une condition correspondante et un modèle en fonction du type de sol déterminé et de sa teneur en eau, puis saisit cette condition et ce modèle dans une section traitement. Enfin le capteur de sol introduit des données ...

Methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of material including an electromagnetic moisture property detector

The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material. An electromagnetic sensor may determine a frequency response of the material to the electromagnetic field across the several frequencies.

Long Range, Battery Powered, Wireless Environmental Sensor Interface Devices

Long range, battery powered, wireless environmental sensor interface devices that can be connected to a plurality of sensors and wirelessly communicate the sensor readings back to a central collection device or Internet terminal. Instead or additionally, sensors can be integrated with the device for added efficiency. The devices incorporate a rugged enclosure and an internal power supply that allows them to be placed in harsh environmental conditions and operate for multiple years without maintenance due to unique power-saving design features. The RF circuitry is specially optimized for long-range outdoor communications of small quantities of data. Line-of-sight communication range of several miles is possible with this device. Various embodiments are disclosed.

TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY FOR CHARACTERIZING SOILS

New time-domain response system calibration techniques are described for determining dry density and water content of soil based on electromagnetic wave propagation through it. For example, one disclosed technique use the ratio between V, the voltage difference between the peak and trough of the response signal, and V, the long-term (i.e., steady-state) response of the system to the input pulse. These values are measurable, even for highly conductive soils, and calibration done in a laboratory can be applied to measurements taken in an uncontrolled field environment. 1) A method for measuring a property of soil , comprising:providing a plurality of spikes adapted to be driven into the soil;driving said plurality of spikes into the soil in spaced relationship;applying to said plurality of spikes an electrical signal suitable for time domain reflectometry;{'sub': '1', 'analyzing a reflected signal using time domain reflectometry to measure a voltage drop V;'}{'sub': d', '1', 'd, 'calculating dry density ρof the soil using a predetermined relationship between Vand ρ; and'}{'sub': 'd', 'calculating gravimetric water content w of the soil using a predetermined relationship between ρ, and w.'}2) The method of claim 1 , wherein the soil has a surface and the plurality of spikes have a lower end claim 1 , and wherein said analyzing a reflected signal includes measuring the apparent distance between a signal reflected from the soil and a signal reflected from the lower end of said plurality of spikes to determine an apparent length l.3) The method of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of spikes have a probe length embedded in the soil Land an apparent dielectric constant Kis determined as K=(l/L).5) The method of claim 1 , wherein analyzing a reflected signal includes determining an apparent dielectric constant Kof the soil and measuring a long term voltage Vof the reflected signal.13) A method for measuring a property of soil claim 1 , comprising:providing a plurality of ...

Specification device for water status of soil, and method for same

Contacting a pair of electrodes with soil, applying an alternate current input electric signal to one of the pair of electrodes, comparing a phase of an output electric signal from the other of the pair electrodes with a phase of the input electric signal; and determining the concentration of the ionic solute included in the solvent according to a difference of the phases. The difference of the phases is not dependent on the water content. An electrical conductivity is proportional to a water content and ion concentration, thereby, the water content of soil is available according to the measured electrical conductivity, while determining the ion concentration.

MOISTURE SENSOR

A novel and useful sensor and sensing system employs a transmission electrode which provides a length of transmission electrode that is greater than the physical length of the sensor, allowing for the effective and accurate determination of the moisture content of a volume of material using high-frequency measurement methods. The construction of the sensor allows the sensor to be directly inserted into the material, without requiring excavation or backfilling of the sensors in the material. The sensor can be employed as part of a sensing system, with one or more sensors preferably being managed by a field node, which in turn, interoperates with a system master node. 1. A sensor for sensing the moisture content of a volume of material surrounding the sensor , the sensor comprising:an electrical circuit for implementing a high frequency method for measuring moisture content, the electrical circuit having a signal transmission electrode connected thereto, the electrical circuit being configured to apply one or more electrical pulses to an input of the signal transmission electrode, and further being configured to analyze the response characteristics of the one or more electrical pulses received at an output of the signal transmission electrode;a mounting substrate supporting the electrical circuit and the signal transmission electrode;the signal transmission electrode having an electrical length greater than a physical length of the mounting substrate; anda sensor body encapsulating the mounting substrate and the electrical circuit, at least the portion of the sensor body contacting the electrical circuit being non-conductive.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the length of the signal transmission electrode is greater than twice the physical length of the mounting substrate.3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the length of the signal transmission electrode is greater than a physical perimeter of the mounting substrate.4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the mounting ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE COMPOSITION OF A MULTIPHASE WELL SAMPLE

The accuracy of a measurement of the composition of a multiphase sample containing crude oil and water is improved by pouring the sample into a bottle shaped container (), which is dimensioned such that the oil-water interface () is located in an upper portion (), which forms a bottleneck that has a smaller cross section than a lower portion () of the container (), which lower portion () has a substantially frusto-conical shaped intermediate section () contiguous with the upper portion () that allows accurate water cut measurement even if the oil-water interface is located within the intermediate section (). 1. A method for measuring the composition of a multiphase sample containing crude oil and water , the method comprising:pouring the sample into a container with an at least partly transparent side wall that extends between the top and bottom of the container;allowing the crude oil and water phases in the sample to separate such that a visible oil-water interface is formed within the container; anddetermining the relative fraction of each phase in the sample by visually comparing the location of the oil-water and other interfaces against graduated volume markings on the at least partially transparent side wall of the container;wherein the accuracy of the measurement is enhanced by:providing the container with a bottle-shaped profile such that a lower portion of the container, which is located adjacent to the bottom of the container, has a larger cross section than an upper portion of the container, which is located adjacent to the top of the container;characterized in that the accuracy of the measurement is further enhanced by providing the lower portion of the container with a substantially frusto-conical shaped intermediate section contiguous with the upper portion.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the profile of the container has a substantially tubular shape and the lower portion of the container has a larger internal diameter than the upper portion of the ...

MOISTURE MEASURING APPARATUS AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM

An object of the present invention is to provide a moisture measuring apparatus which, when the body of the apparatus for measuring a state of moisture in a measurement target object is mounted into the measurement target object, provides a user with a mounting state as to whether the moisture measuring apparatus has been appropriately mounted. In the present invention, the CPU of a moisture measuring apparatus determines the mounting state of the moisture measuring apparatus in soil that is a measurement target object (judges whether or not there is a gap between a sensor electrode and soil) based on the state of moisture (moisture amount) measured by a soil moisture amount sensor, and informs a result of the judgment. 1. A moisture measuring apparatus comprising:a moisture measuring section which measures a state of moisture in a measurement target object;a determination section which determines a mounting state of the moisture measuring apparatus in the measurement target object based on the state of moisture measured by the moisture measuring section; andan informing section which informs a result of determination by the determination section.2. The moisture measuring apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the determination section determines the mounting state based on change in the state of moisture measured by the moisture measuring section in a predetermined time period.3. The moisture measuring apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the determination section determines the mounting state based on whether or not a ratio of a maximum value to a minimum value in the change in the state of moisture is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value.4. The moisture measuring apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the determination section judges whether present moment is immediately after a start of watering to soil based on the state of moisture claim 3 , and determines the mounting state based on whether or not the ratio of the maximum value to ...

SOIL SENSOR ASSEMBLY

A soil sensor assembly and methods of measuring undisturbed soil are disclosed. The soil sensor assembly can be a volumetric water content (VWC) sensor. The soil sensor assembly can include at least one soil probe. The soil probes can be secured to a support to enable an installation of the soil sensor assembly in a target soil. The soil probes can include helical blades secured concentrically along the support at predefined longitudinal locations. The soil probes can include at least one radiofrequency (RF) electrode secured to the helical blades at a predefined radial distance from a longitudinal axis of the support. The soil sensor assembly can also include at least one electronics unit coupled to the RF electrodes to receive and/or transmit RF signals from the RF electrodes. The soil sensor assembly can enable a self-tapping installation action and/or enable alienating the soil measurements (e.g., by RF electrodes) away from a disturbed soil. 1. A volumetric water content (VWC) sensor comprising:a support to enable installation of the VWC sensor in a target soil; a helical blade secured along its inner lateral side to an outer surface of the support, and', 'at least one radiofrequency (RF) electrode secured to the helical blade at a predefined radial distance from the support; and, 'at least one VWC probe positioned at a predefined longitudinal location along the support, the at least one VWC probe comprisingat least one electronics unit coupled to the at least one RF electrode to transmit and receive RF signals from the at least one RF electrode.2. The VWC sensor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the RF electrode of the at least one of the VWC probe has a helical shape that corresponds to shape of the helical blade of that VWC probe.3. The VWC sensor of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the RF electrode of the at least one of the VWC probe is secured to an outer lateral side of the helical blade of that VWC probe.4. The VWC sensor of claim 3 , ...

MEMS MICROTENSIOMETER

A device for measuring a chemical potential of a fluid in a plant tissue includes a cavity disposed within a sensor body as a liquid reservoir. The cavity is configured for containing therein a liquid, and the cavity including at least one opening. At least two porous membrane layers are positioned at least in part over the at least one opening of the cavity for selectively allowing water transfer between the plant fluid and the liquid in the cavity. At least one pressure sensor is configured for detecting changes in pressure of the liquid in the cavity. The changes are related to a chemical potential of the fluid in the plant tissue. 118-. (canceled)19. A device for measuring a chemical potential of a fluid in a plant tissue , said device comprising:a cavity disposed within a sensor body as a liquid reservoir, said cavity configured for containing therein a liquid, said cavity comprising at least one opening;at least two porous membrane layers positioned at least in part over said at least one opening of said cavity for selectively allowing water transfer between the plant fluid and the liquid in the cavity; andat least one pressure sensor configured for detecting changes in pressure of the liquid in said cavity, said changes are related to a chemical potential of the fluid in the plant tissue.20. The device according to claim 19 , wherein at least one of said at least two porous membrane layers comprises a reverse osmotic membrane or a nanoporous membrane.21. The device according to claim 19 , wherein said at least one pressure sensor comprises at least one piezoelectric transducer sensor or at least one strain gauge sensor.22. The device according to claim 19 , wherein said device comprises a Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS).23. The device according to claim 19 , wherein said cavity is configured for being hydraulically connected to a vascular conduit of the plant claim 19 , via a space of the plant tissue claim 19 , wherein said chemical potential ...

MICROWAVE SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR BASED ON PHASE SHIFT METHOD AND INDEPENDENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE SOIL

The present invention relates to soil moisture and soil matric potential measurement using microwave sensor composed of sensor element (), porous matrix (), phase shift measurement circuit () and circuit protective layer (). Operating principle is based on the phase shift method in which phase shift of the signal propagating along sensor element () is related to the porous matrix () moisture content. Porous matrix () is in contact with surrounding soil () and reflects its water content. Phase shift measurement circuit () excite sensor element () and measures phase shift. The sensor is independent of soil electrical conductivity owing to the operating frequency in microwave range (˜GHz). In this manner, it is less sensitive to the soil type and therefore less demanding for calibration. The sensor is made of durable elements without consumable parts which enable a long-term operation. Its low power consumption makes it suitable for Internet of Things concept and automatic irrigation systems. 1. The microwave soil moisture sensor based on a phase shift method that is independent of the electrical conductivity of the soil , comprising:a sensor element with a protective layer;a porous matrix that surrounds sensor element and is in direct contact with it; anda phase shift measurement circuit covered with a protective layer;2. The soil moisture sensor according to claim 1 , wherein sensor element is realized in the form of planar waveguide claim 1 , and is protected from aggressive environment with polyurethane based layer.3. The soil moisture sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the porous matrix provides a complete contact with the sensor element and the surrounding soil claim 1 , and claim 1 , at the same time claim 1 , is in the state of hydrodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding soil.4. The porous matrix according to claim 3 , wherein its morphological properties cover soil matric potentials starting from field capacity (−33 kPa) claim 3 , over lento-capillary ...

Sensing system and method for use in electromagnetic-absorbing material

Systems and methods for obtaining telemetry environmental readings from within an electromagnetic-absorbing material are disclosed herein. The system may include a self-contained power source powering a switch-mode amplifier to drive a multi-turn coil to be driven with a low-frequency carrier.

WORK MACHINE GRADING CONTROL SYSTEM

A mobile work machine includes a frame and a ground engaging element movably supported by the frame and driven by an engine to drive movement of the mobile work machine. The mobile work machine includes a movable element movably supported by the frame to move relative to the frame and an actuator coupled to the movable element to controllably drive movement of the movable element. The mobile work machine includes a sensor that detects an operation characteristic and generates a sensor signal, indicative of the operation characteristic and a grade control system that receives the sensor signal from the sensor and determines a spillage metric, based on the sensor signal. The mobile work machine also includes a control system that generates an actuator control signal based on the spillage metric. The control signal is indicative of a commanded movement of the actuator. The control system controls the actuator to perform the commanded movement. 1. A mobile work machine , comprising:a frame;a ground engaging element movably supported by the frame and driven by an engine to drive movement of the mobile work machine;a movable grading element movably supported by the frame to move relative to the frame;an actuator coupled to the movable grading element to controllably drive movement of the movable grading element to engage material to be graded;a sensor that detects an operation characteristic of the mobile work machine and generates a sensor signal, indicative of the operation characteristic;a grade control system that receives the sensor signal from the sensor and determines a spillage metric indicative of spillage of material to be graded, spilled by the movable grading element, based on the signal; anda control system that generates an actuator control signal based on the spillage metric, the actuator control signal being indicative of a commanded movement of the actuator, and wherein the control system provides the actuator control signal to control the actuator to ...

Systems Providing Irrigation Optimization Using Sensor Networks and Soil Moisture Modeling

Systems and methods for providing irrigation water to a soil depth of a crop rootzone in a plurality of crop fields using a sensor network and soil moisture modeling are provided. In various embodiments methods include receiving data from a sensor network in a first crop field and determining a soil moisture model using data from the sensor network in the first field. Various embodiments further include determining a first field irrigation time using the soil moisture model, the first field irrigation time providing irrigation water to a soil depth of the crop rootzone above a Wilting Point (WP) and below a Field Capacity (FC) of soil in the first field, and applying the soil moisture model to a second field. 1. A system for providing irrigation water to a soil depth of a crop rootzone in a plurality of crop fields using a sensor network and soil moisture modeling , the system comprising: a soil moisture sensor in the first crop field;', 'a water added sensor in the first crop field; and', 'a meteorological elements sensor in the first crop field;, 'a sensor network in a first crop field, comprisingat least one processor; and determining a soil moisture model using data from the sensor network in the first field;', 'determining a first field irrigation time using the soil moisture model, the first field irrigation time providing irrigation water to a soil depth of the crop rootzone above a Wilting Point (WP) and below a Field Capacity (FC) of soil in the first field;', 'applying the soil moisture model to a second field; and', 'determining a second field irrigation time using the soil moisture model, the second field irrigation time providing irrigation water to a soil depth of the crop rootzone above a Wilting Point (WP) and below a Field Capacity (FC) of soil in the second field; and, 'a memory storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the at least one processor is configured to implement the following operations upon executing the processor-executable ...

Device for estimating the moisture content and the availability of water in soils

The present invention relates to an estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability, comprising a casing () and soil moisture content and water availability estimation means (), and characterized in that said soil moisture content and water availability estimation means comprise at least a first sensor () detecting a first parameter of the water and at least a second sensor () detecting a second parameter of the water. 1. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability , comprising a casing and soil moisture content and water availability estimation means , wherein that said soil moisture content and water availability estimation means comprise at least a first sensor detecting a first parameter of the water and at least a second sensor detecting a second parameter of the water.2. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability according to claim 1 , wherein said at least a first sensor is arranged on the outside of said casing.3. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability according to claim 1 , wherein said at least a first sensor is insulated from said casing by means of an impermeable barrier element.4. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability according to claim 1 , wherein said at least a second sensor is arranged on the inside of said casing.5. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability according to claim 1 , wherein said casing is made of a porous material.6. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability according to claim 5 , wherein said casing is made of red clay.7. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability according to claim 6 , wherein said casing is made of fired red clay.8. Estimation device for estimating soil moisture content and water availability according to claim 1 , wherein said casing ...

System, apparatus, and method for remote soil moisture measurement and control

A system for remote moisture monitoring and control includes: a measurement vehicle, including a vehicle body, a vehicle control unit, a transmitter antenna, and a receiver antenna; a moisture control server, including a processor, a non-transitory memory, an input/output, and antenna manager, a multi spectrum analyzer, a sensor manager, an irrigation manager, a soil simulator and a data bus; a vehicle storage facility; an irrigation controller; irrigation valves; a mobile control device; ground sensors. Also disclosed is a method including piloting measurement vehicle; obtaining moisture measurements, including controlling outbound transmission, determining reflected power, calculating dielectric constant via reflection calculation, determining soil moisture via lookup in soil calibration table; obtaining sensor measurements; calculating soil model; and adjusting irrigation. 1. A system for remote moisture monitoring and control , comprising: a vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body is selected from the group consisting of a ground vehicle body and an aviation vehicle body;', 'a vehicle control unit, which is attached to the vehicle body; and', 'at least one transceiver antenna, which is configured to send and receive electromagnetic signals, wherein the electromagnetic signals are reflected back from a ground surface layer of soil in a field; and, 'a) at least one measurement vehicle, further includingb) a moisture control server, which is connected to the measurement vehicle, via a network;wherein the vehicle control unit is configured to control transmission of an outbound electromagnetic signal with a predetermined incident wave power, via the transceiver antenna;wherein the vehicle control unit is configured to determine a reflected power of an inbound electromagnetic signal, which is received via the transceiver antenna, wherein the inbound electromagnetic signal is a reflection in the soil of the outbound electromagnetic signal;wherein the moisture control ...

Field Deployable Soil Observation Topographic Differential Absorption LiDAR (SOTDiAL)

A soil analysis system that provides a field deployable device that is configured to remotely measure in situ soil suction through correlation with relative humidity at the soil surface. 1. A soil analysis system comprising:a light generating system; a light receiving system; and data processing system;said light generating system comprising a first laser having a predetermined wavelength and a second laser having a predetermined wavelength that is different than the wavelength of said first laser;said light receiving system comprising an aperture adapted to receive sunlight and backscattered laser light generated by said first laser and said second laser, said aperture in communication with a first and second beamsplitter, said first beamsplitter separating received sunlight from received backscattered laser light and said second beamsplitter further dividing received backscattered laser light;a first photodetector connected to said first beamsplitter;a second photodetector connected to said second beamsplitter;a third photodetector connected to said second beamsplitter; andsaid data processing system comprised of a spectrum analyzer adapted to receive and interpret signals from said first, second and third photodetectors.2. The soil analysis system of wherein said first laser has a near-infrared wavelength that is absorbed by the water in the soil and said second laser has a near-infrared wavelength that is absorbed at a lower level by the water in the soil.3. The soil analysis system of wherein said first laser has a wavelength of 823.20 nm and said second laser has a wavelength of 847.00 nm.4. The soil analysis system of further including an optical fiber that connects first beamsplitter to said first photodetector claim 1 , said optical fiber transmits light received by said first beamsplitter to said first photodetector.5. The soil analysis system of further including a second optical fiber that connects second beamsplitter to said second and third ...

METHOD FOR ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE RISK, DEVICE, COMPUTER DEVICE AND STORAGE MEDIUM

In the present application, a method for assessing water shortage risk, device, computer device and storage medium are provided, wherein the method for assessing water shortage risk comprises: acquiring a volume of blue water flowing into soil of a to-be-assessed-area within a target time period, and a volume of retention water flowing into and retained in the soil of the to-be-assessed-area within the target time period; and determining a water shortage risk indicator of the to-be-assessed-area indicating a degree of water shortage risk of the to-be-assessed-area, according to a ratio of the volume of blue water to the volume of retention water. A higher ratio of the volume of blue water to the volume of retention water indicates poor ability of the soil's water to meet the demand for use and greater degree of the water shortage risk of the soil. 1. A method for assessing water shortage risk , comprising:acquiring a volume of blue water flowing into soil of a to-be-assessed-area within a target time period, and a volume of retention water flowing into and retained in the soil of the to-be-assessed-area within the target time period; anddetermining a water shortage risk indicator of the to-be-assessed-area indicating a degree of water shortage risk of the to-be-assessed-area, according to a ratio of the volume of blue water to the volume of retention water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , determining a water shortage risk indicator of the to-be-assessed-area according to a ratio of the volume of blue water to the volume of retention water comprises:matching the ratio of the volume of blue water to the volume of retention water with a first mapping relation, which comprises corresponding relation of different ratio ranges with the water shortage risk indicator, to determine the water shortage risk indicator in the to-be-assessed-area.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining a water shortage risk indicator of the to-be-assessed-area according to a ...

Method and System for Automated Data Analysis of Soil Moisture

A Method and System for Automated Data Analysis. The system and method provides advanced and accurate soil moisture information along the depth of soil moisture probes. The system and method provides the farmer with up to date root depth data that is derived from being able to recognize that there is water being consumed at a particular depth. Once root depth is derived, the system is able to determine the fill point for the soil and crop. Refill point is also be able to be provided by the systems advanced detector sensitivity and analytical capability. 1. A method for determining the depth of roots of plants growing in a zone of soil , comprising the steps of:irrigating said soil zone;monitoring the moisture content of the soil in said zone at predetermined depths;determining a first moisture change rate at two or more said predetermined depths;determining a second moisture change rate at said two or more predetermined depths; andidentifying the depth of said plant roots in said zone as the deepest said predetermined depth being monitored wherein both said first and second moisture change rates is evident.2. A method for irrigating a zone of a planted field , comprising the steps of:irrigating the soil in said zone;monitoring the soil moisture content at predetermined depths within said zone;determining a refill point of said soil in said zone responsive to said monitoring; andsecond irrigating said soil responsive to said refill point determining.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said refill point determining comprises the steps of:determining a peak moisture point of said soil at said predetermined depths;identifying a moisture rate change perturbation of said soil moisture at said predetermined depths;identifying the deepest said predetermined depth at which no said perturbation can be identified; andidentifying said refill point responsive to said identified deepest predetermined depth at which no said perturbation can be identified.4. The method of claim 3 , ...

Wireless Subterranean Soil Monitoring System

A Wireless Subterranean Soil Monitoring System. The system measures the complex permittivity around a subterranean antenna, and then responsively adjusts the antenna's tuning circuit according to the measured permittivity. Once tuned, the system will then execute the transmission of the probe data. Furthermore, the antenna design is adapted for subterranean use to further reduce the de-tuning effect of the adjacent soil.

SOIL ESTIMATION DEVICE, SOIL ESTIMATION METHOD, AND COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM

Provided are a soil estimation device, a soil estimation method and a program that are capable of improving the accuracy of estimation of a state in soil without increasing the number of sensors that detect the state in the soil. The soil estimation device is provided with an estimated model generation unit . The estimated model generation unit generates an estimated model based on at least one among geographical information that specifies a geographical feature of a field of interest and soil distribution information that specifies a soil distribution in the field. The estimated model is a model for estimating, from a measured value that indicates the state in the soil at one location within the field, the state in the soil at a location other than the one location. 1. A soil estimation device , comprising:an estimated model generation unit that, based on at least one among geographical information that specifies a geographical feature of a field of interest and soil distribution information that specifies a soil distribution in the field, generates an estimated model;wherein the estimated model is a model that estimates, from a measured value that indicates the state in the soil at one location within the field, the state in the soil at another location different than the one location.2. The soil estimation device according to claim 1 ,wherein the estimated model generation unit, for each section obtained by dividing the field into a plurality of parts, predicts an inflow amount and an outflow amount of moisture in the soil, and generates the estimated model indicating a relative relationship of moisture content in the soil in each section.3. The soil estimation device according to claim 2 , further comprising:a measured value acquisition unit that acquires the measured value of the moisture in the soil of the field;an in-soil-state estimation unit that, using the measured value that was acquired and the estimated model, estimates the moisture content in the soil; ...

INTEGRATED MONITERING SYSTEM FOR RADIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF GROUNDWATER AND OPERATION METHOD THEREOF

An integrated monitoring system for radiological surveillance of groundwater and an operation method thereof are disclosed. The integrated monitoring system for radiological surveillance of groundwater around a nuclear facility according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a field monitoring system configured to monitor sectionally isolated groundwater characteristics by establishing a multiple packer system at each depth in groundwater around the nuclear facility, and measure whether or not radioactive contamination has occurred at each depth in groundwater pumped through an automatic branching apparatus connected to a sectional groundwater flow pipe isolatedly disposed at the each depth, and convert field measurement data acquired based on the measurement result into a DB and transmit the DB to a remote monitoring apparatus over a network, and the remote monitoring apparatus configured to remotely control the field monitoring system, and receive the DB-based field measurement data from the field monitoring system, and analyze the received field measurement data to predict a radioactive contaminant source, and provide a contaminant plume showing the distribution characteristics of contaminants in 3D graphic processing. 1. An integrated monitoring system for radiological surveillance of groundwater around a nuclear facility , comprising:a field monitoring system configured to monitor sectionally isolated groundwater characteristics by establishing a multiple packer system at each depth in groundwater around the nuclear facility, and measure whether or not radioactive contamination has occurred at each depth in groundwater pumped through an automatic branching apparatus connected to a sectional groundwater flow pipe isolatedly disposed at the each depth, and convert field measurement data acquired based on the measurement result into a DB and transmit the DB to a remote monitoring apparatus over a network; andthe remote monitoring apparatus ...

System and method for determining subsurface soil layer characteristics based on radar data and secondary soil parameters

In one aspect, a system for determining subsurface soil layer characteristics during the performance of an agricultural operation may include a RADAR sensor configured to capture data indicative of a subsurface soil layer characteristic of the field during the performance of the agricultural operation. Additionally, the system may include a controller communicatively coupled to the RADAR sensor. As such, the controller may be configured to receive the RADAR data from the RADAR sensor and receive an input associated with a secondary soil parameter of the field. Furthermore, the controller may be configured to calibrate the received RADAR data based on the received input. Moreover, the controller may be configured to determine the subsurface soil layer characteristic based on the calibrated RADAR data.

METHODS FOR EVALUATION AND ESTIMATION OF EXTERNAL CORROSION DAMAGE ON BURIED PIPELINES

A method to assess external corrosion in buried pipelines includes analysis of moisture content of soil along the length of the pipe to choose the most appropriate indirect inspection methods. External corrosion is assessed based on the unification of probability techniques using clustered inspection data and deterministic formulation for soil conditions. A deterministic model pinpoints the location of the most likely areas for corrosion due to the electrochemical cell formation produced by the presence of water and the properties of the soil, such as ion concentrations, pH, soil resistivity, redox potential, corrosion potential and soil type. The filtering of the data by clustering provides reliable results to locate the most corrosive locations. The failure probability is calculated based on in-line inspection data, where different indications could appear and different dimensions are used to link the corrosivity with the failure for choosing repairing methods and taking actions against corrosion. 1. A method for assessing damage to the exterior of a buried pipeline comprising the steps of:calculating the moisture content of the soil through which the pipeline extends at a plurality of locations along the length of the pipeline;conducting holidays indirect inspection of the plurality of locations through the application of alternating current voltage gradient surveys and direct current voltage gradient surveys, wherein at locations where the moisture content is low, ACVG is applied and, at locations where the moisture content is high, DCVG is applied.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , if θis less than or equal to 0.1 claim 2 , ACVG is applied claim 2 , and claim 2 , if θis greater than 0.1 claim 2 , DCVG is employed.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of{'sup': 3−', '−', '2+', '2−, 'sub': 4', '3, 'conducting soil indirect inspection of the plurality of locations to obtain soil properties selected from the group consisting of moisture ...

FLEXIBLE SENSOR CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT

The field is sensors used in the ground and in particular the provision of a sensor array element for a sensor array useable in housing that has a tapered internal and external shape. The lack of air spaces and gaps, in particular, between the outer surface of the hollow elongate sensor housing and the surrounding ground is substantially avoided when using a tapered housing. A sensor array element is disclosed including a carrier sheet of flexible material formable into a shape which substantially conforms with the shape of the inner wall of said elongate housing. The carrier sheet has electrically conductive regions wherein at least one pair of electrically conductive regions are shaped and located near enough each other to form a capacitive element. The carrier sheet has at least two pairs of electrically conductive regions forming a pair of capacitive elements, and adjacent pairs of capacitive elements have a different diameter. When the carrier sheet is shaped to substantially conform to the inner wall of the elongate housing and the capacitive element connected to a tuned circuit, the capacitive element and tuned circuit are usable to sense at least the moisture content of the environment surrounding the location of the capacitive element located within the elongate housing. The disclosure is also of a sensor and a sensor array incorporating a sensor array element. 1. A sensor array for use in a hollow elongate housing having a continuously tapered outer wall having a larger maximum outer diameter at a first end compared to the maximum outer diameter of a second end for use in the ground , the sensor array element includes:a carrier sheet of flexible material, the carrier having at least two pairs of electrically conductive regions lying between an first edge and a second edge of the carrier sheet, the two electrically conductive regions of a pair of electrically conductive regions are shaped and located near enough each other such that when the carrier sheet ...

FUEL WATER SEPARATOR BOWL WITH AN INTERNAL INSPECTION LIGHT

An internal inspection light system for a fuel water separator bowl of a fuel filtration system is disclosed. The internal inspection light system includes an assembly body, a compartment, and a light source. The assembly body is configured to attach to the fuel water separator bowl. The compartment includes a compartment wall extending from the assembly body with at least a portion of the compartment wall being formed of a material such that sufficient light can pass through the compartment wall to illuminate the fuel water separator bowl, and a compartment cap connected to the compartment wall distal to the assembly body. The light source is located within the compartment. 1. An internal inspection light system for a fuel water separator bowl of a fuel filtration system , the internal inspection light system comprising:an assembly body configured to attach to the fuel water separator bowl; a compartment wall extending from the assembly body, at least a portion of the compartment wall being formed of a material such that sufficient light can pass through the compartment wall to illuminate the fuel water separator bowl, and', 'a compartment cap connected to the compartment wall distal to the assembly body;, 'a compartment including'}a light source located within the compartment; and a first sensor component located adjacent a connection between the assembly body and the compartment, and', 'a second sensor component spaced apart from the first sensor component., 'a water in fuel sensor including'}2. The internal inspection light system of claim 1 , wherein the assembly body includes a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion claim 1 , the second portion including a coupling mechanism for coupling the assembly body to the fuel water separator bowl.3. The internal inspection light system of claim 1 , wherein the second sensor component is located at the compartment cap.4. The internal inspection light system of claim 1 , further comprising an ...

Container for collection of undisturbed soil samples, method of collecting, preparing and analysing undisturbed soil samples, and equipment for defining soil hydraulic conductivity

A container consists of two external cylinders: bottom and top, between which a middle cylinder, designed for a sample, is situated. A method of collecting, preparing and analysing undisturbed soil samples to define soil hydraulic conductivity generally bases on measurement of volume of water flowing through the sample as a function of time and temperature at a defined hydraulic drop. An equipment consists of a base () with a perforated socket () to which a pressure column () is fitted disconnectedly. A lower edge of the column () turns into a flange () with holes for screws () corresponding to openings made in the base (). In the base () there are horizontal deaeration ducts () connected to a vacuum pump. The ducts () reach the first grooves of the socket (). The whole is situated in the external cylinder (). 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. A method of collecting , preparing and analysing undisturbed soil samples for purposes of defining soil hydraulic conductivity , the method comprising stepsacquiring on site a lump of soil to be tested;forming the lump of soil into an initial sample in a shape of a cylinder;cutting off protruding fragments of roots and removing fragments of a skeleton penetrating outer surfaces of the initial sample;impositioning a thin elasto-plastic coating on a side surface of the initial sample;placing the initial sample in a measurement container with a diameter greater than a diameter of the initial sample and having a bottom cylinder, a top cylinder and a middle cylinder situated between the bottom cylinder and the top cylinder having internal diameters equal to a diameter of the middle cylinder connected to the bottom cylinder and the top cylinder in a way allowing disconnection with a non-permeable tape closely adhering to external walls of the bottom cylinder, the top cylinder and the middle cylinder;filling with a watertight agent a gap between the side surface of the initial sample and an internal surface of ...

INFILTROMETER APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS OF USE

An infiltration apparatus is disclosed herein. In various aspects, the infiltrometer apparatus includes a cylinder that defines a cylinder passage coupleable to a base that defines a base passage to form an infiltrometer passage. The infiltrometer apparatus includes a baffle removably emplacable within the infiltrometer passage, in various aspects. The baffle is in gapped relation with a soil surface of a soil when the base coupled to the cylinder is inserted into the soil and the baffle is emplaced within the infiltrometer passage, in various aspects. The baffle may prevent disturbance of the soil by the addition of water into the infiltrometer passage, and the baffle does not disturb the soil by virtue of being in gapped relation with the soil, in various aspects. In various aspects, the infiltrometer apparatus includes a level detector to detect a water surface level of a water surface within the infiltrometer passage. The level detector may communicate by network with a computer to communicate data indicative of the water surface level to the computer. The network may be wireless, at least in part, or the network may be wired. Related methods of use of the infiltrometer apparatus are also disclosed herein. This Abstract is presented to meet requirements of 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b) only. This Abstract is not intended to identify key elements of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein or to delineate the scope thereof. 1. An infiltrometer apparatus , comprising:a cylinder that defines a cylinder passagea base that defines a base passage, the base coupleable to a cylinder end of the cylinder to form an infiltrometer passage;a baffle removably emplacable within the infiltrometer passage and in spaced relation with a soil surface of a soil when the base coupled to the cylinder is inserted into the soil, the baffle decreases disturbance of the soil by the addition of water into the infiltrometer passage.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , the baffle comprising:a baffle ...

OBSERVATION DEVICE AND OBSERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

An observation device includes a handle having on a lower end side thereof an end portion including a tapered rod portion. The handle includes a protruding portion that protrudes outwardly from a side of the handle with respect to the tapered rod portion. The handle is formed so as to be held by a user to stick the rod portion into soil in a state that an index finger is applied on the handle from underneath and that a finger pad of a thumb presses against an upper end surface of the handle. 1. An observation device comprising:a handle having on a lower end side thereof an end portion comprising a tapered rod portion, the handle comprising a protruding portion that protrudes outwardly from a side of the handle with respect to the tapered rod portion,wherein the handle is formed so as to be held by a user to stick the rod portion into soil in a state that an index finger is applied on the handle from underneath and that a finger pad of a thumb presses against an upper end surface of the handle.2. The observation device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a transmitting section that transmits an observation result of the observation device to a portable device by wireless communication.3. The observation device according to claim 1 , wherein the end portion of the handle is configured to detect a soil water content.4. The observation device according to claim 1 , wherein a sunshine recorder and a temperature thermometer are provided on an upper portion of the observation device.5. A observation management system comprising:a portable device; andan observation device that observes an observation object and that communicates with the portable device, a handle having on a lower end side thereof an end portion comprising a tapered rod portion, the handle comprising a protruding portion that protrudes outwardly from a side of the handle with respect to the tapered rod portion,', 'wherein the handle is formed so as to be held by a user to stick the rod portion into ...

Field Deployable Soil Observation Topographic Differential Absorption LiDAR (SOTDiAL)

A soil analysis system that provides a field deployable device that is configured to remotely measure in situ soil suction through correlation with relative humidity at the soil surface.

Smart Moisture Meter

A moisture meter having a housing with a stake disposed at a lower end thereof. A moisture sensor and a temperature sensor disposed on the stake. The moisture meter includes a valve wherein a water source is removably secured thereto. The stake includes a channel between the valve and a tip of the stake, allowing liquid to flow therethrough. Alternatively, the valve can be mounted on a wall or adjacent to a water line, wherein the stake can be connected to valve by a water hose. A wireless transmitter is disposed within the sensor housing and can transmit the moisture and temperature readings from the moisture and temperature sensors to an external source. A wireless receiver is disposed within the valve housing in order to actuate the valve, allowing water to flow through the stake and into the ground, should the moisture and temperature readings reach a pre-set level. 1) A moisture meter , comprising:a housing having a stake disposed at a lower end thereof;a moisture sensor disposed on a perimeter of the stake configured to detect moisture in soil;a temperature sensor disposed on the perimeter of the stake configured to detect a temperature of the soil;a valve operably connected to a water source, wherein the water source is removably secured to the valve;a wireless transmitter disposed within the housing configured to send temperature and moisture information detected by the moisture sensor and the temperature sensor to an external source;a wireless receiver configured to actuate the valve allowing water to flow through the stake when the moisture and temperature sensors each detect a pre-set level.2) The moisture meter of claim 1 , wherein a channel is disposed between the valve and a tip of the stake claim 1 , allowing liquid to flow therethrough.3) The moisture meter of claim 1 , wherein the external device is a cell phone application and a web application.4) The moisture meter of claim 1 , wherein the moisture meter is configured to be programmed to send a ...

Self-Regulating Smart Irrigation System

A self-regulating irrigation system to provide water and dissolved nutrients to plants through a tubing network is described including a sensor actuator circuit comprising an sensing circuit which senses aspects of soil condition through sensing a voltage between sensing terminals in the soil. Aspects of soil condition include moisture, mineral content and acidity or pH level. The sensed voltage is input to a comparator circuit whose output becomes input to an actuator circuit to activate a valve to supply a corresponding branch of the network with desired water or fluid nutrient. 1. A self-regulating irrigation system providing water and nutrients to plants in soil comprisingan electric power source;a plurality of valves with each such valve in fluid connection with a branch of an irrigation network;each valve being electrically controlled by a sensor-actuator circuit comprised of an actuator circuit being coupled to the electronic output of a soil sensor circuit;each soil sensor circuit being configured to measure a sensed voltage between sensing terminals disposed in adjacent soil;each soil sensor circuit being further configured to determine the difference between sensed voltage and a reference voltage;whereby the actuator circuit operates the corresponding valve to open or close as a function of an aspect of soil condition.2. The soil sensor circuit of comprising a comparator or operational amplifier3. The actuator circuit of comprising a field effect transistor4. The aspect of soil condition of being moisture content claim 1 , nutrient or mineral content or pH level.5. The sensed voltage of being measured across the resistance between the sensing terminals with a given reference current from the power source flowing between them.6. The sensed voltage of being the electrochemical potential between the sensing terminals comprised of dissimilar conducting materials.7. The power source of being a solar panel.8. The power source of being a battery.9. The sensing ...

Method for measuring a mudflat elevation by remotely sensed water content

The present disclosure discloses a method for measuring a mudflat elevation based on remotely sensed water content, comprising steps of: measuring a spectral value of a soil surface in a mudflat area using a full-band spectrometer, analyzing a relationship between the spectral value and a soil water content of the mudflat area; building a remotely sensed water content retrieval model using a statistical correlation method; selecting a water sensitive waveband in the remote sensing data, and retrieving the soil water content of the mudflat area; analyzing a relationship between the soil water content and the mudflat likewise using the statistical correlation method; building a relational model between the mudflat water content and an elevation, and applying the model to a satellite image to obtain the mudflat elevation.

DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT COUPLED WITH WATER PARAMETERS OF SOIL

Apparatus for physically analyzing soil includes a sample changer for receiving at least two soil-sample holders, and having an element for placing each sample holder and sample thereof in a measurement area, in turns, according to a cycle repeated over time, the apparatus including: elements for measuring the size of the samples; elements for measuring the potential of the samples containing water; and elements for measuring the weight of the samples, wherein all of the measuring elements are grouped together in the measurement area so as to be simultaneously used implemented for a given sample when the latter is placed in the measurement area. The shrinkage curve and water potential curve, obtained from the measurements, represent the change, over time, in the status of the water and structure of the soil sample during the drying thereof, and can be used to determine the hydrostructural characteristics of the soil. 114-. (canceled)16330112. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the sample changer comprises a circular tray () having at least two through holes () claim 15 , each able to receive claim 15 , supported on its edge claim 15 , a substantially cylindrical sample holder () claim 15 , said tray being mobile in rotation and in vertical translation claim 15 , such that when the tray is lowered claim 15 , one of the sample holders () with its sample () is placed in the measurement area.17. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein it comprises:{'b': 4', '5', '1', '2, 'a balance () with a pan () able to receive and weigh the sample holder () and its sample (),'}an optical system for measuring the height and diameter of said sample when it is placed on said weighing pan, and{'b': 6', '7', '8, "for each sample, a tensiometer known as a “porous cup tensiometer” able to measure the water potential of said sample, comprising a flexible tube () closed by a cup () made of porous ceramic at one extremity and a pressure gauge () at the other, said pressure ...

SENSOR SOIL ASSEMBLY

A soil sensor assembly and methods of measuring undisturbed soil are disclosed. The soil sensor assembly can be a volumetric water content (VWC) sensor. The soil sensor assembly can include at least one soil probe. The soil probes can be secured to a support to enable an installation of the soil sensor assembly in a target soil. The soil probes can include helical blades secured concentrically along the support at predefined longitudinal locations. The soil probes can include at least one radiofrequency (RF) electrode secured to the helical blades at a predefined radial distance from a longitudinal axis of the support. The soil sensor assembly can also include at least one electronics unit coupled to the RF electrodes to receive and/or transmit RF signals from the RF electrodes. The soil sensor assembly can enable a self-tapping installation action and/or enable alienating the soil measurements (e.g., by RF electrodes) away from a disturbed soil. 1. A sensor , comprising:an anchor portion configure to be rotated to thereby anchor the sensor in a soil;a soil sensor element mounted onto the anchor portion and configured to detect a parameter of the soil; anda communication element configured to communicate at least one output of the at least one soil sensor element to a location remote from the sensor.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the anchor portion comprises at least one thread arranged about an anchoring axis claim 1 , and wherein the at least one thread comprises a blade portion extending outwardly from the anchoring axis.3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the soil sensor element is located on the blade portion.419.-. (canceled)20. A sensor comprising:at least one volumetric water content probe comprising at least two radiofrequency electrodes, wherein the at least one volumetric water content probe is configured to measure a volumetric water content of a target soil in a measurement region between a first one of the at least two radiofrequency electrodes and ...

SOIL QUALITY DETERMINATION DEVICE, SOIL QUALITY DETERMINATION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM HAVING PROGRAM STORED THEREON

Provided is a technology for soil quality determination that makes it possible to calculate the safety rate of a slope without determining the soil properties of soil to be measured beforehand. A soil quality determination device B according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a vibration feature value calculation unit for calculating a vibration feature value on the basis of vibration data expressing the vibration of given soil subjected to vibration while having water repeatedly added thereto and a soil quality determination unit for determining the quality of the given soil on the basis of a water feature value distribution for the given soil expressing the relationship between the amount of water measured during the acquisition of the vibration data and the vibration feature value, the degree of similarity between the water feature value distributions of a soil type that is a type of soil from which the water feature value distribution is obtained and the given soil, and the properties of the soil type. 1. A soil quality determination device comprising:a memory that stores a set of instructions; andat least one processor configured to execute the set of instructions to:calculate a vibration feature value, based on vibration data representing vibration of a target soil to which vibration is applied with repeated water addition; anddetermine a quality of the target soil, based on a water amount-feature value distribution of the target soil, the distribution representing a relation between a water amount measured when the vibration data are acquired and the vibration feature value, an extent of similarity of the water amount-feature value distribution between a soil type being a type of a soil from which the water amount-feature value distribution is obtained and the target soil, and a quality of the soil type.2. The soil quality determination device according to claim 1 , whereinthe at least one processor is configured to:calculate, based on ...

Soil moisture downscaling using topography, soil, and vegetation data

Systems and methods are disclosed to downscale the resolution of a coarse-resolution soil moisture data. Coarse-resolution soil moisture data may include data cells that each represent a geographic region having at least one dimension greater than or equal to 1 km. A plurality of fine-resolution supplemental soil moisture data may be received that includes at least one of soil data, vegetation data, topography data, and climate data. The fine-resolution supplemental soil moisture data comprising data cells that each represent a geographic region having at least one dimension less than or equal to 100 meters. The coarse-resolution soil moisture data may be downscaled to fine-resolution soil moisture data using the plurality of fine-resolution supplemental soil moisture data, the fine-resolution soil moisture data comprising data cells that each represent a geographic region having at least one dimension less than 100 meters.

Portable Apparatus for Liquid Chemical Characterization

An apparatus or method determines a salinity or metal content a liquid sample by scanning the liquid sample using a PXRF spectrometer, receiving a PXRF spectra from the PXRF spectrometer, baseline correcting and smoothing the received PXRF spectra, extracting a Kα emission line of one or more elements from the baseline corrected and smoothed PXRF spectra using only one beam from the PXRF spectrometer, determining the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample using the one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the Kα emission line of the one or more elements to the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample, and providing the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample to the one or more input/output interfaces. 1. A computerized method for determining a salinity of a liquid sample comprising:providing a x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer, a probe connected to the PXRF spectrometer, one or more processors communicably coupled to the PXRF spectrometer, and one or more input/output interfaces communicably coupled to the one or more processors;scanning the liquid sample using the PXRF spectrometer;receiving a PXRF spectra from the PXRF spectrometer;baseline correcting and smoothing the received PXRF spectra;extracting a Kα emission line of one or more elements from the baseline corrected and smoothed PXRF spectra using only one beam from the PXRF spectrometer;determining the salinity of the liquid sample using the one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the Kα emission line of the one or more elements to the salinity of the liquid sample; andproviding the salinity of the liquid sample to the one or more input/output interfaces.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising selecting the one or more element from a list of elements detectable by the PXRF spectrometer.3. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the selected elements are one or more of Cl claim 2 , K and Ca.4. The method as recited ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ANALYZING A ROCK SAMPLE

The invention relates to a method of analyzing a rock sample, comprising:—placing a rock sample () containing a first fluid into a cell ();—feeding the cell () with at least one second fluid and withdrawing said second fluid from the cell (), leaving the rock sample () immersed in the second fluid; and—measuring an amount of first fluid spontaneously released from the rock sample (). The invention also relates to an apparatus adapted for implementing this method. 1. A method of analyzing a rock sample , comprising:placing a rock sample containing a first fluid into a cell;feeding the cell with at least one second fluid and withdrawing said second fluid from the cell, leaving the rock sample immersed in the second fluid; andmeasuring an amount of first fluid spontaneously released from the rock sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second fluid is continuously fed to the cell and continuously withdrawn from the cell.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein use is made of a single second fluid.4. The method of claim 1 , which comprises successively feeding the cell with a second fluid and withdrawing said second fluid from the cell claim 1 , and then feeding the cell with another second fluid and withdrawing said other second fluid from the cell.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid spontaneously released from the rock sample is collected in a collection area of the cell and the volume of first fluid in the collection area is measured.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid in the collection area has a surface which is in contact with a gas claim 1 , and the position of the first fluid in the collection area is set at a target position by adjusting gas pressure.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second fluid or each second fluid is an aqueous solution claim 1 , and the first fluid is oil.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second fluid is oil claim 1 , and the first fluid is an aqueous solution.9. The method of claim 1 , which further ...

PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING IMPEDANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIAL UNDER TEST (MUT)

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to evaluating the electromagnetic impedance characteristics of a material under test (MUT) over a range of frequencies. In particular aspects, a system includes: an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode assembly at the first end of the electrically non-conducting container, the transmitting electrode assembly having a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode with a receiving surface, wherein the receiving electrode is approximately parallel with the transmitting electrode, and wherein the transmitting surface of the transmitting electrode is larger than the receiving surface of the receiving electrode. 1. A system for measuring an electromagnetic impedance characteristic of a material under test (MUT) , the system comprising:an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and', 'a transmitting electrode backer ground plate at least partially surrounding the transmitting electrode, the transmitting electrode backer ground plate being electrically grounded and insulated from the transmitting electrode, wherein the transmitting electrode backer ground plate extends from a plane formed by the transmitting electrode and creates an electrically isolated volume proximate to the transmitting electrode; and', 'a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode ...

SIMULATION APPARATUS, SIMULATION METHOD, AND STORAGE MEDIUM

A simulation apparatus, a simulation method, and a storage medium that can implement a water flow simulation with higher accuracy compared to the conventional water flow simulator are provided. The simulation apparatus has an estimated value acquisition unit that calculates an estimated value of soil water content in a target region, a determination unit that determines a parameter in consideration of an error between the estimated value of the soil water content in the target region and an actual measurement value of the soil water content in the target region, and a simulator unit that performs a simulation of a water flow in the target region by using the parameter. 1. A simulation method comprising:calculating an estimated value of a soil water content in a target region;determining a parameter in consideration of an error between the estimated value of the soil water content in the target region and an actual measurement value of the soil water content in the target region; andperforming a simulation of a water flow in the target region by using the parameter.2. The simulation method according to further comprising:performing an initial simulation of the water flow in the target region by using an initial parameter; andcalculating the estimated value of the soil water content in the target region by using the initial simulation.3. The simulation method according to further comprising determining the parameter so as to reduce the error between the estimated value of the soil water content and the actual measurement value of the soil water content.4. The simulation method according to claim 2 , wherein the initial simulation comprisescalculating a water flow in an area other than a river in the target region, andacquiring the estimated value of the soil water content in the target region based on a calculation result of the water flow in the area other than the river.5. The simulation method according to claim 4 , wherein the actual measurement value of the soil ...

METHOD FOR MANAGING CASTING PROCESS BASED ON PROPERTIES OF MOLDING SAND

A method for managing a casting process based on measured properties of molding sand is provided so that casting defects or energy used can be reduced by changing the molding conditions for the mold to be produced or changing the steps after molding. The method for managing a casting process based on the properties of the molding sand comprises a step () of measuring the properties of the molding sand just before the molding sand is supplied to a molding machine () and a step () of determining if the measured properties of the molding sand comply with predetermined properties, wherein, if by the step of determining it is found that the measured properties do not comply with the predetermined properties, a mold is molded to have less strength than that of a mold that is molded by using molding sand whose properties do comply with the predetermined properties. 1. A method for managing a casting process based on properties of molding sand comprising the steps of;measuring the properties of the molding sand just before the molding sand is supplied to a molding machine; anddetermining if the measured properties of the molding sand comply with predetermined properties,wherein, if by the step of determining it is found that the measured properties do not comply with the predetermined properties, a mold is molded to have less strength than that of a mold that is molded by using molding sand whose properties do comply with the predetermined properties.2. The method for managing the casting process based on the properties of the molding sand of claim 1 , wherein the properties of the molding sand include one or more features that are selected from a group of compressive strength claim 1 , tensile strength claim 1 , shear strength claim 1 , water content claim 1 , permeability claim 1 , compactability claim 1 , and a temperature claim 1 , of the molding sand.3. The method for managing the casting process based on the properties of the molding sand of claim 1 , wherein the mold ...

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUSES FOR SOIL AND SEED MONITORING

A system that is able to vary a depth of a row cleaner by adjusting a downforce applied to the row cleaner to promote planting at a desired seed depth and soil moisture. 1. A planting system comprising:(a) a row unit;(b) a row cleaner disposed on the row unit;(c) a depth adjustment system operatively engaged with the row cleaner;(d) a controller in operative communication with the depth adjustment system; and(e) a soil moisture sensor in communication with the controller, wherein the controller is constructed and arranged to adjust row cleaner depth via the depth adjustment system in response to signals from the soil moisture sensor.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the depth adjustment system comprises an actuator.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the actuator controls supplemental downforce applied to the row cleaner.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the row cleaner depth is adjusted in real-time or near real-time.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the row cleaner depth is increased when the soil moisture sensor senses inadequate soil moisture.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the row cleaner depth is decreased when the soil moisture sensor senses excessive soil moisture.7. A row cleaner depth adjustment system for use with a moisture sensor claim 5 , wherein the depth adjustment system is constructed and arranged to adjust the depth of the row cleaner in response to sensed moisture in order to plant seed in optimal moisture.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the depth adjustment system increases the depth of the row cleaner when the moisture sensor detects inadequate moisture.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the depth adjustment system is configured to command the row cleaner to remove a portion of dry top soil.10. The system of claim 9 , wherein depth adjustment system is configured to command the row cleaner to remove a portion of dry top soil to create a furrow top below a soil surface.11. The system of claim 10 , wherein a bottom of the furrow is ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING INFRASTRUCTURE RISK ZONES

A system and a method for determining infrastructure risk zones is disclosed. The system and method may include: receiving, from a radiofrequency (RF) radiation sensor, a first scan of an area, wherein the area at least partially comprises the infrastructure; receiving additional data; filtering electromagnetic noise from the first scan using the additional data; receiving infrastructure location in the area; determining an examination zone around the infrastructure; estimating the amount of clay in soil included in the examination zone, from the filtered scan; calculating soil moisture content at locations in the examination zone, from the filtered scan; and determining location at risk having soil moisture content above a predetermined threshold, wherein the threshold may be determined based on the estimated clay amount. 1. A method of determining infrastructure risk zones , comprising:receiving, from a radiofrequency radiation sensor, a first scan of an area at a first polarization, the first scan including first radiofrequency reflections from the area at a first resolution, the sensor being located at least 50 meters above the area, wherein the area at least partially comprises infrastructure;receiving additional data;filtering electromagnetic noise from the first scan using the additional data; receiving infrastructure location in the area;determining an examination zone around the infrastructure;estimating an amount of clay in soil included in the examination zone, from the filtered first scan;calculating soil moisture content at locations in the examination zone, from the filtered first scan; anddetermining at least one location at risk having soil moisture content above a predetermined threshold, wherein the threshold is determined based on the estimated clay amount.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving topographical data of the area;identifying a drainage divide surrounding at least part of the infrastructure,wherein the examination zone ...

TAPERED SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION

The field of the invention is soil sensors and in particular the sensor clement housing for the placement of a soil sensor housing in the soil. The housing having a body adapted for housing a soil moisture sensor arrangement wherein sensors are arranged within and along the length of the housing, the body having a head end and an inserted end, the body shaped so that the maximum outer diameter of the inserted end is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the head end of the body, and the body adapted to be inserted into the prepared opening such that the outer surface of the body is in conformance with the soil forming the prepared opening along the full length of the housing. The housing including, at least one capacitive sensor, where a first capacitive element of the sensor has a maximum outer diameter, arid a second capacitive element of the sensor has a maximum outer diameter smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element being spaced longitudinally along the housing from the first capacitive element and located closer to the inserted end than the first capacitive clement. 19-. (canceled)11. A soil moisture sensor arrangement according to claim 10 , wherein the at least one sensor is a capacitive sensor including at least two sensor elements of conductive material shaped claim 10 , when in use claim 10 , to have a common central axis which is co-axial with other of the capacitive sensors located within the housing.12. A soil moisture sensor arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein each capacitive sensor is substantially circular.13. A soil moisture sensor arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein the capacitive sensor includes a sensor element of flexible conductive material.14. A soil moisture sensor arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein the external shape of the housing is in conformance with the outer shape of the sensor elements.15. A soil moisture sensor arrangement according to ...

TOTAL GAS IN PLACE ESTIMATE

A mineralogy composition of a formation of interest is determined using core samples or downhole measurements. A dry permittivity is determined for each identified mineral. A volumetric mixing law is employed using the determined mineralogy composition and the determined dry permitivities. An effective matrix permittivity is determined using results from the volumetric mixing law. Dielectric dispersion measurements of the subject formation are acquired using the core samples or the downhole measurements. A dielectric petrophysical model is produced using the dielectric dispersion measurements and the effective matrix permittivity. A water saturation is estimated based on the dielectric petrophysical model. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 measurements having short echo spacings are acquired. A NMR petrophysical model is generated based on the NMR T2 measurements. A total porosity is determined based on the generated NMR petrophysical model. A total gas-in-place estimate is made using the determined total porosity and the estimated water saturation. 1. A method , comprising:obtaining dielectric dispersion measurements on core samples having matrix material from a formation of interest;determining a water content of the core samples by analyzing at least a portion of the core samples;determining dielectric petrophysical properties of the core samples using the determined water content and the dielectric dispersion measurements;estimating an effective matrix permittivity of the core sample matrix material using the determined dielectric petrophysical properties;determining a mineralogy composition of the core sample by analyzing at least a portion of the core samples;employing a volumetric mixing law using the determined effective matrix permittivity and the determined mineralogy composition; anddetermining a dry permittivity for each mineral identified by the volumetric mixing law.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric dispersion measurements are made ...

DEVICE FOR MEASURING MOISTURE CONTENT IN SOIL

A device for measuring a moisture content in soil according to an aspect of the present invention comprises: a conductive wire structure which can be inserted into soil, includes a first and a second conductive wire, and is formed to have a predetermined structure, the first and the second conductive wire being insulatively coated and extending in parallel to and adjacent to each other; a capacitance measurement circuit for measuring the capacitance between the first and the second conductive wire by using an alternating current power source; and a moisture content calculation unit for calculating a moisture content of the soil by using the measured capacitance. 1. A moisture content measurement device for measuring a moisture content in soil , comprising:a conductive wire structure which is insertable into soil, comprises insulatively-coated first and second conductive wires parallel to each other and extending adjacently, and has a certain structure;a capacitance measurement circuit configured to measure capacitance between the first and second conductive wires using alternating current (AC) power; anda moisture content calculation unit configured to calculate the moisture content in soil using the measured capacitance.2. The moisture content measurement device of claim 1 , wherein the moisture content calculation unit calculates the moisture content in soil using a relationship in which the moisture content in soil is in proportion to the measured capacitance.3. The moisture content measurement device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive wire structure further comprises a ground conductive wire parallel and extending adjacently to the first and second conductive wires and connected to a ground claim 1 , andwherein the moisture content calculation unit calculates the moisture content in soil using a relationship in which the measured capacitance is reduced according to an increase of the moisture content in soil.4. The moisture content measurement device according ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING FORCES EXERTED ON ROLLING GROUND ENGAGING COMPONENTS OF AN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT BASED ON AN APPLIED BRAKING FORCE

In one aspect, a system for determining forces exerted on rolling ground engaging components of an agricultural implement may a ground engaging component configured to roll relative to soil within a field as the agricultural implement is moved across the field. A controller of the disclosed system may be configured to control an operation of a braking device such that a braking force is applied to the rolling ground engaging component. When the braking force is being applied to the rolling ground engaging component, the controller may be configured to monitor a rotational speed of the rolling ground engaging component based on measurement signals received from a sensor. Moreover, the controller may be configured to determine a force exerted on the rolling ground engaging component by the soil within the field based on the applied braking force and the monitored rotational speed. 1. A system for determining forces exerted on rolling ground engaging components of an agricultural implement , the system comprising:a rolling ground engaging component configured to roll relative to soil within a field as the agricultural implement is moved across the field;a braking device configured to apply a braking force to the rolling ground engaging component;a sensor configured to detect a parameter indicative of a rotational speed of the rolling ground engaging component; and control an operation of the braking device such that a braking force is applied to the rolling ground engaging component;', 'when the braking force is being applied to the rolling ground engaging component, monitor the rotational speed of the rolling ground engaging component based on measurement signals received from the sensor; and', 'determine a force exerted on the rolling ground engaging component by the soil within the field based on the applied braking force and the monitored rotational speed., 'a controller communicatively coupled to the sensor, the controller configured to2. The system of claim 1 , ...

SYSTEM FOR MEASURING MULTIPLE SOIL PROPERTIES USING NARROW PROFILE SENSOR CONFIGURATION

A system for measuring soil properties on-the-go using a narrow profile sensor unit is provided on an implement for traversing a field. The sensor unit includes a front disk/coulter arranged to open a slot in the soil, a runner assembly arranged to follow behind the front disk/coulter for sliding contact with the soil in the slot, and a rotating disk/spoked wheel arranged to follow behind the runner assembly to close the slot. The front disk or coulter serves as a first electrode of an electrode array, the runner assembly has second and third electrodes attached thereto, and the rotating disk/spoked wheel serves as a fourth electrode. The electrode array can be used to measure soil electrical conductivity at multiple depths and to measure soil moisture. An optical window and pH sensor can also be incorporated into the runner assembly to measure soil reflectance and soil pH. 1. A system for measuring at least one property of soil in a field , comprising:a first soil engaging component arranged to open a slot in the soil, said first soil engaging component comprising a first electrode of an electrode array for measuring soil electrical conductivity;a second soil engaging component comprising a second electrode of said electrode array arranged to follow behind said first soil engaging component to contact soil in said slot;a third soil engaging component comprising a third electrode of said electrode array arranged to follow behind said second soil engaging component to contact soil in said slot; anda fourth soil engaging component arranged to follow behind said third soil engaging component to contact soil in or adjacent to said slot, said fourth soil engaging component comprising a fourth electrode of said electrode array.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein said first soil engaging component is a rotating disk or coulter.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein said second and third electrodes are attached to a runner assembly and arranged for sliding ...

METHOD FOR MONITORING WATER STATUS IN A FIELD

A system for sensing water status in soil includes a porous material selected for actively proliferating root growth and a water status sensor that is hydraulically coupled to the porous material. The porous material is configured to have an area of at least 0.025 m. 1. A system for sensing water status in soil comprising:{'sup': '2', 'a porous material selected for actively proliferating root growth and having an area of at least 0.025 m; and'}a water status sensor that is coupled to the porous material.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the porous material is selected to have a hydraulic conductivity that is higher than the hydraulic conductivity of the soil within a matric head range of 0 to −500 cm HO.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the porous material is selected to have a hydraulic conductivity between 0.01-50 cm/hour within a matric head range of −500 to 0 cm HO respectively.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein a first portion of the porous material is selected to have a hydraulic conductivity between 0.1-0.01 cm/hour within a matric head range of 0 to −500 cm HO respectively and a second portion of the porous material is selected to have a hydraulic conductivity between 50-0 cm/hour within a matric head range of 0 to −50 cm HO respectively claim 1 , wherein the first portion and the second portion are formed from two different materials that are coupled to each other or the first portion is formed based on compacting the porous material with rolling or folding.56-. (canceled)7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the porous material is woven geotextile.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the porous material is unwoven geotextile.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the porous material is a strip of material with dimensions of 25-130 cm long and 2-50 cm wide.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein size of pores of the porous material is selected to decrease density of soil when positioned in the soil.11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the porous material is at least ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE WATER CONTENT OF THE GROUND, VEGETATION AND SNOW

A device () for measuring the water content of the ground, vegetation and snow, comprises: at least one first module () adapted to measure a flow of cosmic rays incident to the ground; at least one second module () adapted to measure an ambient neutron flow; and a control unit () connected to said at least one first module () and said at least one second module (). The control unit () is adapted to process the measurements of said at least one first module () and said at least one second module () to determine the measurement of the water content. 1. A device for measuring the water content of the ground , vegetation and snow , comprising:at least one first module adapted to measure the flow of high energy neutrons, protons and muons originating from the interactions of cosmic rays with the high layers of the atmosphere;at least one second module adapted to measure an ambient neutron flow, between epithermal and slow; and—a control unit connected to said at least one first module and to said at least one second module;wherein said control unit is adapted to process the measurements of said at least one first module and said at least one second module to determine the measurement of the water content of the ground, vegetation and snow.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein said first module comprises a first module scintillator; and at least one first module light meter adapted to measure the light emitted by the first module scintillator.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein said first module scintillator is a plastic scintillator.4. The device according to claim 2 , characterized in that said at least one first module light meter adapted to measure the light emitted by the first module scintillator is a silicon photomultiplier.5. The device according to claim 2 , characterized in that said second module comprises: a first sheet and a second sheet at least partially made with a scintillator; being a light guide interposed between said first sheet and ...

IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF NITRATE IN SOIL

A system for measuring with the aid of light absorption spectrometry the concentration of one or more analytes in porewater in soil, the system comprising: one or more monitoring unit(s), each monitoring unit comprising a porewater sampler (), an optical flow cell () with a tube connecting the liquid inlet port of said optical flow cell to said porewater sampler; and vacuum arrangement to enable extraction of porewater; at least one light source () for generating a light beam to be transmitted through said optical flow cell (); and at least one detector () for obtaining spectral information from the beam exiting said optical flow cell. A method of measurement is also provided. 1) A system for measuring with the aid of light absorption spectrometry the concentration of one or more analytes in porewater in soil , the system comprising:one or more monitoring unit(s), each monitoring unit comprising a porewater sampler, an optical flow cell with a tube connecting the liquid inlet port of said optical flow cell to said porewater sampler; and vacuum arrangement to enable extraction of porewater;at least one light source for generating a light beam to be transmitted through said optical flow cell; andat least one detector for obtaining spectral information from the beam exiting said optical flow cell.2) A system according to claim 1 , comprising:one or more monitoring unit(s), each monitoring unit consisting of a porewater sampler, an optical flow cell and a sampling cell, with tubes connecting the liquid inlet and outlet ports of said optical flow cell to said porewater sampler and sampling cell, respectively;a vacuum generating device to enable extraction of porewater;at least one light source for generating a light beam to be transmitted through said optical flow cell; andat least one detector for obtaining spectral information from the beam exiting said optical flow cell.3) A system according to claim 1 , comprising an array of individual monitoring units installed at ...

SENSOR ELEMENT AND PACKAGED BODY

A sensor element is used to collect environment information on a surface of the earth or a surface layer of the earth by being scattered in a target region where the environment information is collected. At least one of reflection properties, transmission properties, absorption properties, or luminescence properties with respective to an electromagnetic wave with a specific wavelength, or light emitting properties changes in accordance with an environment. 1. A sensor element that is used to collect environment information on a surface of the earth or a surface layer of the earth by being scattered in a target region where the environment information is collected ,wherein at least one of reflection properties, transmission properties, absorption properties, or luminescence properties with respective to an electromagnetic wave with a specific wavelength, or light emitting properties changes in accordance with an environment.2. The sensor element according to claim 1 ,wherein the environment information is at least one of water content, temperature, or pH.3. The sensor element according to claim 2 ,wherein the environment information is pH, andwherein the sensor element includes a substance in which at least one of the reflection properties, the transmission properties, the absorption properties, or the luminescence properties with respect to the electromagnetic wave with the specific wavelength, or the light emitting properties changes in accordance with a change in pH.4. The sensor element according to claim 3 ,wherein the substance is litmus, bromothymol blue, bromophenol blue, bromocresol purple, phenol red, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, methyl red, methyl yellow, methyl violet, thymol blue, or thymol phthalein.5. The sensor element according to claim 2 ,wherein the environment information is at least one of water content or temperature, andwherein a shape of the sensor element changes in accordance with a change in at least one of the water content or the ...

Wetland meter

A system ( 100 ) for measuring the depth of saturated soil includes a water level detector ( 102 ) along with a stimulating/actuating device ( 104 ) that directs an actuating medium into the ground at the elevation of the capillary fringe or below the elevation of the capillary fringe. The actuating medium may consist of water, ultrasound emissions, or vibrations.

METHOD FOR SPECIFYING WATER BLOCK REMOVAL AGENTS FOR HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS

A method includes determining reservoir rock and fluid characteristics of a reservoir rock and, based on the reservoir rock and fluid characteristics of the reservoir rock, selecting a core. The method also includes selecting a first surfactant and selecting a second surfactant. In addition, the method includes performing a water block mitigation test using the selected core, the first surfactant and the second surfactant and performing a proppant phase trapping mitigation test using the selected core, the first surfactant and the second surfactant. 1. A method comprising:determining reservoir rock and fluid characteristics of a reservoir rock;based on the reservoir rock and fluid characteristics of the reservoir rock, selecting a rock;selecting a first surfactant;selecting a second surfactant;selecting a core from the rock;performing a water block mitigation test using the selected core, the first surfactant and the second surfactant; andperforming a proppant phase trapping mitigation test using the selected core, the first surfactant and the second surfactant.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of determining pressure drop between a reservoir matrix and hydraulic fracture claim 1 , the step comprising:{'sub': 'r', 'calculating a pressure drop of a reservoir matrix, (ΔP) of the reservoir rock;'}{'sub': 'c', 'calculating the dimensionless Rapoport-Leas number (ΔP/P) of a reservoir formation of the reservoir rock from matrix to hydraulic fracture; and'}{'sub': 'ro', 'correlating kusing water block onset conditions.'}3. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting a rock is performed by using the reservoir rock or preparing a proxy rock.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of determining reservoir rock and fluid characteristics comprises:using three dimensional Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (3D FIB-SEM) to determine the pore size distribution (PSD), pore volume contribution, and pore/microfracture connectivity of a reservoir rock ...

ENHANCED CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID MATRICES USING X-RAY FLUORESCENCE AND OPTICAL COLOR REFLECTANCE

An apparatus or method determines a content of the one or more elements of a solid matrix by scanning the solid matrix using a PXRF spectrometer and a color sensor, receiving a PXRF spectra from the PXRF spectrometer and a numerical color data from the color sensor, extracting a value for each of the one or more elements the PXRF spectra, determining the content of the one or more elements of the solid matrix using one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the value of each of the one or more elements and the numerical color data to the content of the one or more elements of the solid matrix, and providing the content of the one or more elements of the solid matrix to one or more input/output interfaces. 1. A computerized method for determining a content of one or more elements within a solid matrix comprising:providing a x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer, a probe connected to the PXRF spectrometer, a color sensor, one or more processors communicably coupled to the PXRF spectrometer and the color sensor, and one or more input/output interfaces communicably coupled to the one or more processors;scanning the solid matrix using the PXRF spectrometer and the color sensor;receiving a PXRF spectra from the PXRF spectrometer and a numerical color data from the color sensor;extracting a value for each of the one or more elements from the PXRF spectra;determining the content of the one or more elements within the solid matrix using the one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the value for each of the one or more elements and the numerical color data to the content of each of the one or more elements within the solid matrix; andproviding the content of the one or more elements within the solid matrix to the one or more input/output interfaces.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the solid matrix comprises coal claim 1 , soil or a combination thereof.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements ...

WATERING SYSTEM WITH ADAPTIVE COMPONENTS

A system may include sensor equipment including one or more sensors disposed on a parcel of land, watering equipment disposed on the parcel and configured to selectively apply water to the parcel, and a gateway configured to provide for communication with the sensor equipment and the watering equipment. The gateway may interface between a first network and a second network. The first network may include at least the watering equipment and the sensor equipment. An operator may be enabled to wirelessly communicate with the gateway via the second network. At least one component of the watering equipment or the sensor equipment may be an adaptive component. 1. A system comprising:sensor equipment including one or more sensors disposed on a parcel of land;watering equipment disposed on the parcel and configured to selectively apply water to the parcel, with at least one component of the watering equipment or the sensor equipment being an adaptive component; anda gateway configured to provide for communication with the sensor equipment and the watering equipment,wherein the gateway interfaces between a first network comprising at least the watering equipment and the sensor equipment and by connection to an access point a second network via which an operator is enabled to wirelessly communicate with the gateway,wherein the first network provides a first wireless link and the second network provides a second wireless link for instructions from an operator, with the first and second wireless links being different wireless links that employ different communication protocols and/or frequencies,and wherein the second network is formed of components internal to a house or business, extending to and between the user terminal.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a robotic rover claim 1 , wherein the robotic rover is adaptively configured.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the watering equipment comprises a watering computer including a valve assembly claim 1 , the ...

TENSIOMETER APPARATUS AND METHOD

An elongated apparatus that measures soil water tension is disclosed, having a hydrogel chamber for receiving a plurality of macro-sized hydrogel particles through its open side and a sealed inner wall, the hydrogel held in the hydrogel chamber by a durable, hydrophilic, and porous window secured to the open side of the hydrogel chamber. The window, when the apparatus is received in soil, transmits moisture between the soil and the hydrogel chamber, causing variable pressure within the hydrogel chamber that can be converted to a measurement of soil water tension on the opposite side of the window. This pressure produces various mechanical effects, measurable by various types of sensors within the elongated probe. A method for measuring soil water tension at multiple depths within a soil profile is also disclosed. 1. A moisture monitoring apparatus , comprising:an elongated probe; a hydrogel chamber formed in the elongated probe and having an inner wall and an open side;', 'hydrogel comprising a plurality of millimeter-sized hydrophilic particles received into the hydrogel chamber through its open side;', 'a durable, hydrophilic, and porous window attached to the elongated probe in sealing closing relation overlying the open side of the hydrogel chamber and an inner face of the window in bearing contact with a portion of the hydrogel for holding the hydrogel within the hydrogel chamber; and', 'a sensor secured to the elongated probe in sensing relation for measuring a mechanical effect originating from the pressure within the hydrogel chamber;, 'the elongated probe having at least one tensiometer, each tensiometer comprisingelectronics responsive to the signal from the sensor of a respective tensiometer for reporting a determined moisture level proximal to the window, andwhereby moisture-related decisions are directed by an evaluation of an observed moisture level detected by the tensiometer(s) within the apparatus.2. The moisture monitoring apparatus as recited in ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SENSING SOIL MOISTURE

A system and method of sensing the amount of moisture in soil are disclosed. According to an embodiment, a soil moisture sensing system comprises a circuit unit and a sensor link electrically connected to the circuit unit. The sensor link includes a plurality of segments, each segment including an LC circuit in which a capacitor is connected with an inductor. The circuit unit is configured to provide an oscillating signal to a first LC circuit of the sensor link, sense a first coupled signal in a second LC circuit of the sensor link, and determine a soil moisture level on the basis of the first coupled signal. 1. A soil moisture sensing system comprising:a circuit unit; anda sensor link electrically connected to the circuit unit,wherein the sensor link includes a plurality of segments, each segment including an LC circuit in which a capacitor is connected with an inductor, and provide an oscillating signal to a first LC circuit of the sensor link,', 'sense a first coupled signal in a second LC circuit of the sensor link, and', 'determine a soil moisture level on the basis of the first coupled signal., 'wherein the circuit unit is configured to2. The soil moisture sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the circuit unit is further configured to:provide an oscillating signal to the second LC circuit of the sensor link,sense a second coupled signal in the first LC circuit of the sensor link, anddetermine a soil moisture level on the basis of the second coupled signal.3. The soil moisture sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the circuit unit includes a wireless transceiver configured to communicate with a wireless base station or another soil moisture sensing system.4. The soil moisture sensing system of claim 1 , wherein each segment of the sensor link includes a plurality of fins.5. The soil moisture sensing system of claim 4 , wherein one or more of the fins includes a plurality of uniformly spaced grooves.6. The soil moisture sensing system of claim 5 , wherein each ...

WATERING SYSTEM

The present invention relates generally to agriculture and irrigation of plants. A watering system comprising a master unit and one or more node units are able to carry out bidirectional communication via a power control bus, which may be a coaxial cable. The power control bus provides power and data communication to one or more node units. The one or more node units are configured to receive, carry out actions, or respond to queries from a master unit. Actions that may be taken by one or more node units may include the operation of irrigation valves and query of data related to moisture or other chemistry of a plant growing soil. A master unit may connect to an internet cloud via Wifi or other communication method, wherein a watering system of the present invention may be operable based on at least one data from an internet cloud. 1) A watering system , comprising:at least one master unit and at least one node unit;wherein the at least one master unit and at least one node unit are electrically connected via at least one power control bus;wherein the at least one master unit is configured to send at least one of a first byte transmission to the at least one node unit via a power control bus; andwherein the at least one node unit is configured to send at least one of a response byte to the at least one master unit via at least one of a power control bus.2) The watering system of claim 1 ,wherein at least one of a first byte transmission comprises at least a first command;wherein the at least one node unit is configured to be responsive to the at least a first command;wherein the at least one of a node unit is configure to send the at least one of a response byte in response to the at least a first command.3) The watering system of claim 2 , wherein at least one portion of a power control bus comprises coaxial cable.4) The watering system of claim 1 ,wherein the at least one master unit comprises at least one of a switching element electrically connected to the at ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASPHALT DENSITY AND SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Systems and methods for ground penetrating radar for determining thickness, density and moisture are therefore provided. According to an embodiment, a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system comprises a system controller configured to produce an electromagnetic signal for signal penetration of a pavement material. Further, the GPR system comprises a frequency modulated continuous wave controller. Further, the GPR system comprises an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna coupled to the system controller, wherein the UWB antenna is configured to transmit the produced electromagnetic signal to the pavement material and receive the electromagnetic signal as a reflection from the pavement material. Further, the system controller is further configured to receive the electromagnetic signal from the UWB antenna. 1. A ground penetrating radar system comprising:a system controller configured to produce an electromagnetic signal for signal penetration of a pavement material;a frequency modulated continuous wave controller; andan ultra wide band (UWB) antenna coupled to the system controller, wherein the UWB antenna is configured to transmit the produced electromagnetic signal to the pavement material and receive the electromagnetic signal as a reflection from the pavement material; andwherein the system controller is further configured to receive the electromagnetic signal from the UWB antenna.2. The ground penetrating radar system of claim 1 , wherein a permittivity probe is mounted on to the antenna and in contact with the surface for ground truth data and reducing thickness errors.3. The ground penetrating radar system of claim 1 , wherein the system controller is further configured to determine thickness of the pavement material based on the received electromagnetic signal reflected from the pavement material.4. The ground penetrating radar system of claim 1 , wherein the system controller is further configured to attain at least one of a relative or absolute dielectric constant of ...

Extensible, multimodal sensor fusion platform for remote, proximal terrain sensing

A sensor assembly includes a housing and multiple sensor array segments. A first sensor array segment includes an antenna. A second sensor array segment has a soil temperature sensor, an electrical conductivity (EC) sensor, a moisture sensor, an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) nitrate sensor for detecting nitrates in adjacent soil, an ISFET phosphate sensor for detecting phosphates in adjacent soil, an ISFET potassium sensor for detecting potassium in adjacent soil, and an ISFET pH sensor for detecting pH in adjacent soil, and a reference electrode electrically coupled to the first sensor array segment and to the second sensor array segment. The first sensor array segment and the reference electrode can be disposed on opposite sides of the second sensor array segment.

FIELD CONDITION-BASED EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ECOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF VEGETATION

A field condition-based experimental apparatus for an ecological indicator of vegetation includes a plurality of isolation units arranged at intervals and an auxiliary mechanism detachably connected to the isolation unit. The isolation units include a plurality of isolation boxes arranged at intervals and respectively having a hollow structure, and a support frame respectively disposed at four corners of the isolation box. The auxiliary mechanism is detachably connected to the support frame. A soil layer is disposed in the isolation box. The experimental apparatus has a reliable structure and is easy to use. An appropriate number of isolation units are buried under field conditions based on experimental needs. Auxiliary mechanisms of different structures are mounted based on experimental conditions. This implements reliable detection of an ecological indicator of vegetation under the field conditions and effectively improves authenticity and reliability of detection results. The auxiliary mechanism facilitates disassembly and assembly. 1. A field condition-based experimental apparatus for an ecological indicator of vegetation , comprising a plurality of isolation units arranged at intervals and an auxiliary mechanism detachably connected to the isolation unit; whereinthe isolation units comprise a plurality of isolation boxes arranged at intervals and respectively having a hollow structure, and a support frame respectively disposed at four corners of the isolation box; the auxiliary mechanism is detachably connected to the support frame; and a soil layer is disposed in the isolation box;the isolation box comprises a pre-buried portion and a fencing portion integrally connected to the pre-buried portion, the pre-buried portion is buried in soil, the fencing portion extends out of the soil, and the support frame is respectively disposed at four corners of the fencing portion;the support frame comprises a support tube respectively disposed at the four corners of the ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR REDUCING SOIL COMPACTION USING WORKSITE TREATMENT BASED ON DETERMINED SOIL PROPERTIES

Systems, methods, and devices for receiving soil parameter data of a worksite and identifying one or more locations of the worksite for treatment based on the received soil parameter data are disclosed. In some implementations, the soil parameter data include thermal latency data. Soil compaction data of the worksite may be derived from the thermal latency data. A soil parameter map of the worksite may be generated based on the received soil parameter data, and a plan of action, such as identifying one or more locations to perform a soil treatment operation, may be determined based on the soil parameter map. 1. A computer-implemented method performed by one or more processors for selectively determining one or more areas of a worksite for treatment , the method comprising the following operations:receiving soil parameter data of a worksite;generating a soil parameter map based on the received soil parameter data;generating a plan of action based on the soil parameter map, the plan of action defining an operation of an agricultural machine according to the soil parameter map; andcontrolling the operation of the agricultural machine according to the plan of action.2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving image data of the worksite; andextracting the soil parameter data of the worksite from the received image data.3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the image data of the worksite comprises thermal latency data claim 2 , and wherein extracting the soil parameter data of the worksite from the received image data comprises extracting soil compaction data of the worksite.4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:detecting a soil measuring event; andreceiving the image data of the worksite upon detecting the soil measuring event.5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4 , wherein detecting a soil measuring event comprises detecting one of a fully saturated soil moisture level or a fully dry ...

Device and Method for Remote Monitoring the State of Grains Stored in All Types of Silos

An apparatus for remote monitoring the quality and condition of grains stored in all types of silos that can be configured either as a sensing unit or as a communication gateway and a method to use this device in its different configurations for remote monitoring the quality and condition of grains stored in all types of silos. 1. An apparatus for remote monitoring the quality and condition of grains stored in all types of silos that can be configured either as a sensing unit or as a communication gateway.2. The apparatus of when configured as sensing unit comprises:a housing;a grain moisture sensor board;a gas sensor board, including an oxygen sensor and a carbon dioxide sensor;a communication board, including an antenna, an accelerometer, and air temperature and an air humidity sensor; anda battery pack.3. The apparatus of when configured as communication gateway comprises:a housing;a communication board, including two antennas, an accelerometer, and air temperature and an air humidity sensor; anda battery pack.4. The apparatus of can be used for remote monitoring of soil moisture. This application is a non-provisional application that claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 62/927,514 filed on Oct. 29, 2019, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The rising population has generated an enormous demand for grains, which has created an ever-increasing interest to increase the grain production and to reduce the losses of grains stored in all types of silos (that is, both traditional silos and silo bags). However, billions of US dollars worldwide are lost every year for the lack of proper monitoring the quality and condition of grains in silos. When these post-harvesting losses are reduced, an important contribution to the efficient use of natural resources and energy can be achieved as well as important economic losses can be avoided.At present, the grains stored in traditional silos are only monitored by ...

SYSTEM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE REAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF A VEGETATED SURFACE

A device for determining the real evapotranspiration of a vegetated surface of a soil includes a porous evaporator, at least one portion of which has resistance to water vapor flow depending on a parameter, the porous evaporator having an upper surface exposed to the atmosphere, a tank of liquid water underlying the porous evaporator to which the tank is connected by a suction tube, and provided with a meter for measuring water level, a sensor for measuring the humidity value of the soil, and a CPU controlling the parameter on which the resistance to the water vapor flow through the porous evaporator depends, depending on the humidity value of the soil detected by the sensor. 1. A device for determining the real evapotranspiration of a vegetated surface of a soil , the device comprising:a porous evaporator, at least one portion of which has resistance to a water vapor flow depending on a parameter, the porous evaporator having an upper surface exposed to the atmosphere,a tank of liquid water underlying said porous evaporator to which said tank is connected by a suction tube, and provided with a meter for measuring water level,a sensor for measuring a soil humidity value, anda CPU that controls said parameter on which the resistance to the water vapor flow through said porous evaporator depends, in dependence on the soil humidity value detected by said sensor.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said porous evaporator comprises a lower plate of ceramic material claim 1 , an upper layer of fabric exposed to the atmosphere claim 1 , and an intermediate layer having resistance to the water vapor flow depending on said parameter claim 1 , said parameter including temperature claim 1 , and wherein a resistor is embedded claim 1 , said resistor being part of an electric circuit controlled by said CPU that establishes claim 1 , by heat generation of said resistor claim 1 , said temperature parameter of said porous evaporator claim 1 , and consequently the water vapor flow ...

MEASURING TENSILE STRENGTH OF TIGHT ROCK USING ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING

A method for determining the tensile strength of a rock sample comprising the steps of obtaining the rock sample, measuring a water content of the rock sample through a water measurement method, determining a matrix bulk modulus of the rock sample, wherein the matrix bulk modulus is determined through a matrix modulus method, heating the rock sample with electromagnetic energy such that the electromagnetic energy heats the water content in the rock sample from an initial temperature, wherein heating the water content causes a pore-water pressure of the rock sample to increase, detecting a break in the rock sample with a sensor, wherein the increase in the pore-water pressure causes the rock sample to break, wherein the break occurs at a break time, at a break temperature; and calculating the pore-water pressure through the water content, the matrix bulk modulus, and the break temperature of the water content. 1. A method for determining the tensile strength of a rock sample , the method comprising the steps of:obtaining the rock sample;measuring a water content of the rock sample, wherein the water content is measured through a water measurement method;determining a matrix bulk modulus of the rock sample, wherein the matrix bulk modulus is determined through a matrix modulus method;heating the rock sample with electromagnetic energy such that the electromagnetic energy heats the water content in the rock sample from an initial temperature, wherein heating the water content causes a pore-water pressure of the rock sample to increase; wherein the break occurs at a break time,', 'wherein the break occurs at a break temperature;, 'detecting a break in the rock sample with a sensor, wherein the increase in the pore-water pressure causes the rock sample to break,'}determining the break temperature; andcalculating the pore-water pressure at the break time from the water content, the matrix bulk modulus, and the break temperature of the water content, wherein the tensile ...

SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODS FOR MONITORING AND ADJUSTING ACTUAL SEED DEPTHS DURING A PLANTING OPERATION BASED ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

In one aspect, a method is disclosed for adjusting a seed depth associated with depositing a seed within a furrow in a field during a planting operation of an agricultural implement. The method may include determining, by a computing device, a target seed depth based on a moisture content of the soil within the field; sensing, by the computing device, a seed depth parameter indicative of a seed depth of the seed relative to a ground surface of the field; comparing, by the computing device, the seed depth parameter to a target seed depth parameter that describes the target seed depth; and initiating, by the computing device, a control action configured to adjust the seed depth parameter towards the target seed depth parameter. 1. A method for adjusting a seed depth associated with depositing a seed within a furrow in soil within a field during a planting operation of an agricultural implement , the method comprising:determining, by the computing device, a target seed depth based on a moisture content of the soil within the field;sensing, by a computing device, a seed depth parameter indicative of a seed depth of the seed within the furrow relative to a ground surface of the field;comparing, by the computing device, the seed depth parameter to a target seed depth parameter that describes the target seed depth; andinitiating, by the computing device, a control action configured to adjust the seed depth parameter towards the target seed depth parameter.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising actively sensing the moisture content of the soil as the implement is moved across the field.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the target seed depth based on the moisture content of the soil within the field comprises establishing a nominal target seed depth and calculating a moisture depth correction distance with respect to the nominal target seed depth based on the moisture content.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the target seed depth is proportional to a ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

A system and method for environmental sampling and analysis system are described. The system and method provide for concurrent collection and sampling of subsurface materials and sensing of one or more subsurface environmental conditions. In particular, the system and method provide for high resolution environmental site characterization. 1. An environmental sampling and analysis system comprising:an outer housing;an inner housing at least partially disposed in the outer housing, the inner housing defining an interior sized and shaped to receive a sample collection liner configured to receive a sample of a subsurface material, the inner and outer housings configured to be driven into a subsurface to obtain the sample of the subsurface material;a passageway defined by at least one of the outer housing or the inner housing; and a sensor supported by the outer housing, the sensor configured to detect at least one condition of the subsurface located outside of the outer housing when the inner and outer housings are driven into the subsurface and the sample of a subsurface material is collected; and', 'a fluid port positioned in the outer housing, the fluid port configured to permit the withdrawal of a subsurface fluid and/or injection of a fluid to the subsurface when the inner and outer housings are driven into the subsurface., 'at least one of the following2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises the sensor supported by the outer housing and configured to detect the at least one condition of the subsurface located outside of the outer housing when the inner and outer housings are driven into the subsurface and the sample of a subsurface material is collected.3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising one or more communication cables communicatively coupled to the sensor and configured to transmit signals related to the detected condition claim 2 , the one or more communication cables extending in the passageway.4. The system of claim 3 , further ...

Signal-Based Medium Analysis

A solution for evaluating a medium using electrical signals is described. A plurality of electrical signals having different frequencies are transmitted through the medium and signal data corresponding to the electrical signals after having traveled through the medium is acquired. A complex impedance and a complex permittivity and/or complex conductivity can be calculated for the medium. A set of characteristics of the medium can be computed using mixing models and/or known information of the medium. A level of one or more attributes of the medium can be determined from the characteristics using nonparametric Bayesian inference. One particular application is directed to determining a nitrate level of soil. 1. A system comprising:an electrode component including a conducting electrode and a probe electrode; and operating the electrode component to emit, from the conducting electrode, each of a plurality of electrical signals into the medium, each of the plurality of electrical signals having a different frequency of a plurality of frequencies extending over a range of frequencies;', 'operating the electrode component to acquire, from the probe electrode, signal data for the medium after each of the plurality of electrical signals has traveled through the medium;', 'measuring a complex impedance of the medium using the signal data;', 'computing a complex permittivity and/or a complex conductivity, using the complex impedance and an electrode model corresponding to a configuration of electrodes used to acquire the signal data, wherein the electrode model removes an effect of an arrangement for the electrode configuration from the complex impedance;', 'computing a set of characteristics of the medium using the complex permittivity and/or the complex conductivity, and a set of mixing models, wherein each characteristic in the set of characteristics has at least one corresponding mixing model in the set of mixing models; and', 'providing the set of characteristics for use ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BALL LOCATION ON A SPORTS FIELD

Systems and methods for ball location on a sports field may include a plurality of soil moisture sensors distributed on the sports field, such as on a golf course. Each of the soil moisture sensors has a location on the sports field known to the system, and a ball detector that detects a ball being within proximity to the soil moisture sensor. This may be accomplished via one or more of a magnetometer, vibration detector and motion sensor of the soil moisture sensor. The system may use signals from the soil moisture sensors indicating such information to provide information to one or more players regarding a game score and/or other game play statistics based on the ball being within proximity to one or more particular soil moisture sensors. 1. A computer-implemented method , comprising:receiving, by at least one computer processor, a first electronic signal from at least one of a plurality of networked soil moisture sensors distributed on a grass sports field, the first electronic signal indicative of a ball being within proximity to the at least one of the plurality of networked soil moisture sensors; anddetermining, by at least one computer processor, a current location of the ball based on a location of the at least one of the plurality of networked soil moisture sensors and the first electronic signal indicative of the ball being within proximity to the at least one of the plurality of networked soil moisture sensors.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising communicating claim 1 , by at least one computer processor claim 1 , information based on the determined current location of the ball to at least one of: a device associated with a player of a game being played on the grass sports field and a device associated with providing statistics regarding the game being played on the grass sports field.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising facilitating claim 1 , by at least one computer processor claim 1 , game play of a game currently being played on the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GROUNDS MONITORING

Systems and methods for grounds monitoring may include recreational grounds monitoring robots that move about a recreational ground measuring soil moisture at various selectable locations, performing security monitoring and/or identifying and tracking objects on the recreational ground, such as players, golf carts and golf balls. The recreational grounds monitoring robots may also monitor the recreational ground while at charging or docking stations along the boundaries or edges of the recreational ground. Data collected from such monitoring may be used to reduce water usage and enhance games played on the recreational ground by providing the player with the ability to easily locate, and thus track, the location and movement of the ball, while also to facilitating providing game statistics, leaderboard information, other game variations, interactive games and augmented games. 1. A computer-implemented method , comprising:receiving, by at least one computer processor, a first electronic signal from at least one of a plurality of networked recreational grounds monitoring robots distributed on a grass recreational ground, the first electronic signal indicative of a ball or player being detected by the at least one of the plurality of networked recreational grounds monitoring robots; anddetermining, by at least one computer processor, a current location of the ball or player based on the first electronic signal indicative of the ball or player being detected by the at least one of the plurality of networked recreational grounds monitoring robots; andreceiving, by at least one computer processor, a second electronic signal from the least one of the plurality of networked recreational grounds monitoring robots from which the first electronic signal indicative of the ball or player being detected by the at least one of the plurality of networked recreational grounds monitoring robots was received, the second electronic signal indicative of a moisture level of the grass ...

Remote Control and Monitoring Apparatus and Method for Plant Growth

A remote control and monitoring apparatus and method for plant growth has an apparatus for planting and monitoring the growth of various plants, and an accompanying method lays out steps for the operation thereof. A planter body provides a plant receptacle, as well as an irrigation mechanism for watering the plants on a schedule or as otherwise defined, a plurality of sensors for monitoring the environmental conditions of for the plants and alerting the user is any parameters fall out of an acceptable range, and at least one camera to view the plant at any time as well as capture images and timelapses. 1. A remote control and monitoring apparatus for plant growth comprises:a planter body;an irrigation mechanism;a plurality of sensors;at least one camera;a fluid reservoir;a processing device;a wireless communication device;a power source;the planter body comprises a top end, a bottom end, a lateral wall and a plant receptacle;the plant receptacle being positioned within the lateral wall between the top end and the bottom end;the irrigation mechanism being connected to the planter body, wherein the irrigation mechanism is configured to distribute fluid within the plant receptacle;the irrigation mechanism being in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir;the plurality of sensors being positioned about the planter body;the power source being electrically connected to the at least one camera, the wireless communication device, and the processing device; andthe processing device being electronically connected to the at least one camera, the plurality of sensors, the irrigation mechanism, and the wireless communication device.2. The remote control and monitoring apparatus for plant growth as claimed in comprises:the planter body further comprises a divider;the divider being connected within the lateral wall between the top end and the bottom end;the fluid reservoir being positioned within the lateral wall adjacent to the bottom end; andthe fluid reservoir being ...

LANDSLIDE EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE AND EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR SIMULATING CONSTANT SEEPAGE FLOW

The present invention discloses a landslide experimental device for remotely controlling and simulating a constant seepage flow and weight load and an experimental method thereof in centrifuge test. The landslide experimental device includes a model box, a landslide device, a near-constant water flow control box, remote control devices and a water outlet pipe. The landslide device comprises a landslide model, a load balancing device, a weight storage device, an angle control panel and a tension bar. The remote control devices are arranged at the control box water outlet, at the control box water inlet, on the tension bar, on telescoping control sensors and on the weight storage device, respectively. With the present invention, the influences on the stability of landslide model with different landslide angles under the condition of the seepage flow and weight load can be simulated. 1. A landslide experimental device for simulating a constant seepage flow , comprising a model box and a landslide device mounted within the model box , characterized in that the landslide experimental device further comprises a near-constant water flow control box , a water outlet pipe and several remote control devices; the near-constant water flow control box is fixedly mounted on the top of the model box , and a control box water outlet and a control box water inlet are formed on the near-constant water flow control box; an anti-overflow device is disposed at an upper end of an inner wall of the near-constant water flow control box , and two telescoping control sensors are mounted on an inner bottom of the near-constant water flow control box; each of the telescoping control sensors comprises a water sensor probe and a telescopic device which can lengthen and shorten; the landslide device comprises a landslide model , a load balancing device , a weight storage device , an angle control panel and a tension bar; support chutes are provided on two sides of the top of the angle control ...

SOIL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SIGNALS

A soil measurement system is provided, comprising a soil surveying device, a radio receiver, a plurality of subterranean antennas, and a processor. The soil surveying device comprises a wireless radio transmitter configured to emit a wireless signal at a predetermined bandwidth in a predetermined spectrum. The plurality of subterranean antennas are in an array electronically connected to the radio receiver and configured to be mounted in a subterranean environment at different depths in the subterranean environment. Each of the plurality of subterranean antennas is configured to receive the wireless signal at a respective point in time. The processor is configured to determine a relative time of flight of the received wireless signal between the plurality of antennas at the respective point in time, and estimate a soil permittivity based on the determined relative time of flight. The measurement system may be applied to materials other than soil, in some examples. 1. A soil measurement system , comprising:a soil surveying device comprising a wireless radio transmitter configured to emit a wireless signal at a predetermined bandwidth in a predetermined spectrum;a radio receiver;a plurality of subterranean antennas in an array electronically connected to the radio receiver and configured to be mounted in a subterranean environment at different depths in the subterranean environment, wherein each of the plurality of subterranean antennas is configured to receive the wireless signal at a respective point in time; and determine a relative time of flight of the received wireless signal between the plurality of subterranean antennas at the respective point in time; and', 'estimate a soil permittivity based on the determined relative time of flight., 'a processor configured to2. The soil measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit the estimated soil permittivity via a wireless or wired connection to a downstream computing device.3 ...

GROUND MATERIAL DENSITY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

A ground material density measurement system is disclosed. The ground material density measurement system may receive a moisture measurement associated with an amount of moisture on a ground surface of a section of ground material. The ground material density measurement system may determine a GPR measurement associated with the section of ground material. The ground material density measurement system may process the GPR measurement based on the moisture measurement to account for the amount of moisture. The ground material density measurement system may provide density information associated with the section of ground material based on the processed GPR measurement. 1. A method , comprising:receiving, by a controller, imaging data of a ground surface of a section of ground material that is captured by a spectral reflectance sensor;determining, by the controller and based on the imaging data, a moisture measurement associated with an amount of moisture on the ground surface;receiving, by the controller, a ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurement associated with the section of ground material;determining, by the controller, a density measurement of the section of ground material based on the moisture measurement and the GPR measurement; andproviding, by the controller, the density measurement to indicate a density of the section of ground material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spectral reflectance sensor is a hyperspectral sensor configured to detect water on a surface that includes a characteristic of the section of ground material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the moisture measurement comprises:processing the imaging data to identify a set of pixels of the imaging data that individually has a value that is representative of a presence of a liquid on the ground surface, and a quantity of the set of pixels, or', 'a percentage of the set of pixels., 'determining the moisture measurement based on at least one of4. The method of claim 3 , ...

SYSTEMS, METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SOIL AND SEED MONITORING

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided for monitoring soil properties including soil moisture, soil electrical conductivity and soil temperature during an agricultural input application. Embodiments include a soil reflectivity sensor and/or a soil temperature sensor mounted to a seed firmer for measuring moisture and temperature in a planting trench. A thermopile for measuring temperature via infrared radiation is described herein. In one example, the thermopile is disposed in a body and senses infrared radiation through an infrared transparent window. Aspects of any of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented in or communicate with an agricultural intelligence computer system as described herein. 1one or more processors in data communication with a wireless receiver in communication with one or more wireless transmitters each comprising a first coupler and a second coupler coupled to one or more sensors; the first coupler coupled to a body of an agricultural machine configured to interact with soil and the second coupler coupled to a removable portion of the agricultural machine; the first and second couplers arranged to engage electrically as the removable portion is mounted to the body of the agricultural machine;one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media coupled to the one or more processors and storing sequences of program instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:by data communication between the wireless receiver and the one or more wireless transmitters coupled to the one or more sensors, determine measurement data relating to one or more of a temperature characteristic of the soil or a moisture characteristic of the soil or a conductivity characteristic of the soil or a reflectivity characteristic of the soil;based on the measurement data, generate and transmit a signal to the agricultural machine to cause the agricultural machine to control a position of an implement ...

EXTENSIBLE, MULTIMODAL SENSOR FUSION PLATFORM FOR REMOTE, PROXIMAL TERRAIN SENSING

A sensor assembly includes a housing and multiple sensor array segments. A first sensor array segment includes an antenna. A second sensor array segment has a soil temperature sensor, an electrical conductivity (EC) sensor, a moisture sensor, an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) nitrate sensor for detecting nitrates in adjacent soil, an ISFET phosphate sensor for detecting phosphates in adjacent soil, an ISFET potassium sensor for detecting potassium in adjacent soil, and an ISFET pH sensor for detecting pH in adjacent soil, and a reference electrode electrically coupled to the first sensor array segment and to the second sensor array segment. The first sensor array segment and the reference electrode can be disposed on opposite sides of the second sensor array segment. 1a housing;a first sensor array segment, including an antenna;a second sensor array segment disposed within the housing, the second sensor array segment including a soil moisture sensor, an EC sensor, and an ISFET nutrient sensor configured to detect, during use and substantially in real time, a nutrient in an adjacent region of soil; anda reference electrode electrically coupled to each of the first sensor array segment and the second sensor array segment,the first sensor array segment disposed on a first side of the second sensor array segment, andthe reference electrode disposed on a second side of the second sensor array segment, the second side of the second sensor array segment opposite the first side of the second sensor array segment.. An apparatus, comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/578,184, filed Sep. 20, 2019 and titled “Extensible, Multimodal Sensor Fusion Platform for Remote, Proximal Terrain Sensing,” which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/734,639, titled “ISFET and CHEMFET Based Sub-Soil Sensor Assemblies,” filed Sep. 21, 2018; the disclosures of each of the foregoing applications ...

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE, OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL, AND WATER-LEVEL WITHIN A SUBSURFACE FORMATION

A subsurface monitoring system and method is provided that includes a sensor array and a monitoring system in communication with the array. The sensor array may include several sensors, such as subsurface temperature sensors, water-level sensors, and oxidation reduction potential sensors may be disposed in a vertical and/or horizontal fence through the subsurface of the monitored site. The sensor array may measure, collect, and analyze the subsurface conditions and provide the measurements to a monitoring system. The monitoring system may provide access the measurements via a user interface for analysis of the measurements. In addition, the monitoring system may process the measurements to generate one or more graphs of information for better understanding of the conditions of the subsurface of the monitored site. 1. A device for monitoring subsurface conditions , the device comprising:a data collector comprising at least one hardware processor and at least one memory to store executable instructions;a plurality of sensors in communication with the data collector deployed in a subsurface of a monitored area, each of the plurality of sensors obtaining an environmental measurement of the subsurface of the monitored area and transmitting, via a communication wire, the environmental measurement to the data collector, a subset of the plurality of sensors grouped together as a group of sensors comprising a temperature sensor, a water-level sensor, and an oxidation reduction potential sensor; package a plurality of the environmental measurements received from the plurality of sensors into one or more transmission packets; and', 'wirelessly transmit the one or more transmission packets to a monitoring system, the monitoring system in communication with a user interface for displaying the environmental measurements., 'wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, are configured to2. The device of further comprising:a conduit connected between the ...

Systems and methods for monitoring slope stability

This disclosure relates to monitoring and assessing the mechanical stability and fluid accumulation in natural or man-made slopes comprising primarily of unconsolidated material, such as embankments, dams, roads, waste dumps, as well as man-made heaps of bulk materials that may occur in the stockpiling of grains, gravel, stones, sand, coal, cement, fly ash, salts, chemicals, clays, crushed limestone as well as heaps of mining ores, including crushed, milled and/or agglomerated ore, and run-of-mine materials.

Modular sensor architecture for soil and water analysis at various depths from the surface

A method of analyzing soil using a modular sensor device. The modular sensor device including a sensor bus head, a sensor bus terminus, and a sensor rod in a stacked arrangement. The sensor rod disposed between the sensor bus head and the sensor bus terminus. The method including setting on an output pin of the sensor bus. The method further including, subsequent to setting the output pin of the sensor bus, detecting a transition on an input pin of the sensor rod, the output pin of the sensor bus and the input pin of the sensor rod being part of a daisy chain. The method further including, in response to detecting the transition at the input pin of the sensor rod, enabling bidirectional communication between the sensor rod and the sensor bus head over a communication bus electrically coupling the sensor bus head to the sensor rod.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SELF PROVISIONING SENSOR BASED PROBES FOR PLANTS

A sensing platform with at least one sensing device to sense underground and above ground environment parameters. A system of sensing environment parameters for a plant using a probe comprising: a first sensor board adapted to sense one or more environment parameters at one or more submerged depth located at flexible points of a location; a second sensor board adapted to done or more environment parameters at one or more surface points located at flexible points of the location; a circuit board adapted to communicate the sensed environment parameters to a central controller; adapted to operate in a low power mode. A system of sensing environment parameters for a field of plants using two or more probes using a fail-over central controller in a double star configuration and/or self learning algorithm. 1. A method of sensing environment parameters for a plant using a probe comprising:sensing using a first sensor board one or more environment parameters at one or more submerged depth located at flexible points of a location;sensing using a second sensor board one or more environment parameters at one or more surface points located at flexible points of the location;communicating using a circuit board the sensed environment parameters to a central controller;using a low power mode for operating.2. The method of further comprising:installing the probe at the location by hammering the probe in.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the location is part of a hydroponic or aeroponic system.4. The method of further comprising:minimizing the hysteresis effect of water by placing a glass or a hydrophilic polyester film covering the sensor boards;separating the sensor boards from a component measuring the sensor data to get closer contact for the sensor boards with the environment and protect the component from damage.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low power mode uses a battery or a solar panel.6. A method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more environment parameters include ...

INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE AND METHOD

An information processing device comprising an information acquisition unit for acquiring a measurement information of a relative humidity inside a plastic greenhouse. The information processing device further comprising a prediction unit for generating a feature value representing a dryness condition inside the plastic greenhouse using the measurement information of the relative humidity. The prediction unit is further configured for predicting a risk of diseases and pests inside the plastic greenhouse on the basis of the feature value. 1. An information processing device comprising:an information acquisition unit for acquiring a measurement information of a relative humidity inside a plastic greenhouse; anda prediction unit for generating a feature value representing a dryness condition inside the plastic greenhouse from the measurement information of the relative humidity, and predicting a risk of diseases and pests inside the plastic greenhouse based on the feature value.2. The information processing device of claim 1 , wherein the prediction unit uses the feature value generated from the measurement information of the relative humidity for a fixed period in the past in order to further generate a feature value representing a dryness condition inside the plastic greenhouse in the fixed period claim 1 , and predicts the risk of diseases and pests based on each of the feature values.3. The information processing device of claim 1 , wherein the information acquisition unit further acquires measurement information of a temperature inside the plastic greenhouse claim 1 , andthe prediction unit generates a plurality of feature values representing the dryness condition inside the plastic greenhouse from the measurement information of the relative humidity and the temperature, and predicts the risk of diseases and pests inside the plastic greenhouse based on the plurality of feature values.4. The information processing device of claim 1 , wherein the information ...

Nmr method for determining non-oil volume of a rock sample

The present invention relates to a method for determining a non-oil volume of a rock sample comprising: receiving a rock sample; and receiving a non-oil zone in a NMR map using a T1T2 sequence, the non-oil zone being associated to non-oil in the map; Then determining a first NMR map of the received rock sample using a T1T2 sequence, and determining a volume of non oil in the received rock sample based on an integral in an integration zone of the firstNMR map. The integration zone of the first NMR map being determined based on the received non-oil zone, and a calibration_value.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TURNING IRRIGATION PIVOTS INTO A SOCIAL NETWORK OF AUTONOMOUS AI FARMING ROBOTS

A method of automatically managing a center pivot irrigation machine comprising steps of: (a) providing at least one center pivot irrigation machine and positioning said center pivot irrigation machine such that said center pivot irrigation machine is movable within an irrigated plot around a center thereof; (b) providing a ground penetration radar; (c) mounting said ground penetration radar on said center pivot irrigation machine; (d) moving said center pivot irrigation machine about said center of said irrigated plot; (e) scanning said irrigated by said ground penetration radar at frequencies ranging between 200-1200 MHz; (f) calculating a distribution of soil moisture over a depth from a soil surface; and (g) creating an irrigation plan according to said distribution. 132.-. (canceled)33. A method of automatically managing a center pivot irrigation machine; said method comprising steps of:a. providing at least one center pivot irrigation machine and positioning said center pivot irrigation machine such that said center pivot irrigation machine is movable within an irrigated plot around a center thereof;b. providing a proximity soil sensor;c. mounting said proximity soil sensor on said center pivot irrigation machine;d. moving said center pivot irrigation machine about said center of said irrigated plot;e. scanning said irrigated by said ground penetration radar at frequencies ranging between 200-1200 MHz;34. The method according to claim 33 , wherein at least one of the following is true:a. said method comprises a step of calculating distribution of soil moisture over a depth from a soil surface;b. said method comprises a step of creating an irrigation plan according to said distribution;c. said proximity soil sensor is a ground penetration radar;d. said method comprises steps of collecting soil properties data and monitoring said properties and reporting results to a user;e. said method comprises a step of positioning said proximity soil sensor in at least one ...

IN-GROUND SENSOR SYSTEMS WITH MODULAR SENSORS AND WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY COMPONENTS

In an embodiment, an integrated sensor system with modular sensors and wireless connectivity components for monitoring properties of field soil is described. In an embodiment, an integrated sensor system comprises one or more sensors that are configured to determine one or more measures of at least one property of soil. The integrated sensor system also includes one or more processing units that are configured to receive, from the sensors, the measures of at least one property of soil and calculate soil property data based on the measures. The system further includes a transmitter that is configured to receive the soil property data from the processing units, establish a communications connection with at least one computer device, and automatically transmit the soil property data to the at least one computer device via the communications connection. In an embodiment, the communications connection is a wireless connection established between the transmitter and a smart hub or a LoRA-enabled device. In an embodiment, the computer sensors, the processors, and the transmitter are installed inside a portable probe. 1. An integrated sensor system comprising:one or more sensors, installed in an in-ground blade, that are configured to determine one or more measures of at least one property of soil;one or more processing units, installed in the in-ground blade, that are configured to receive, from the one or more sensors, the one or more measures of at least one property of soil, and calculate soil property data based on the one or more measures of at least one property of soil;a transmitter, installed in an in-ground blade, that is configured to receive the soil property data from the one or more processing units, establish a communications connection with at least one computer device, and automatically transmit, via the communications connection, the soil property data to the at least one computer device configured on at least one agricultural machine.2. The integrated ...

DETERMINING PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS THROUGH CONDITIONALLY RELEASABLE MATERIAL-ASSOCIATED LIQUIDS

The invention described here provides new methods of analyzing materials, e.g., geologic materials, to identify wettability characteristics of such materials. Methods of the invention comprise analyzing the amount of easily extracted water obtained from samples of a material, such as a geologic area, analyzing release resistant water obtained from such samples or co-located samples, and/or optionally calculating or analyzing the combined water in or obtained from such samples, and utilizing such values alone or in comparison to one another to assess the wettability characteristics of the material. 1. A method of characterizing a material comprising (a) providing an analyzable amount of the material; (b) measuring the amount of easily extracted water (EEW) in the material; and (c) characterizing the material based on the amount of EEW in the material , wherein the amount of EEW in the material is equal to the amount of water extractable by applying a vacuum pressure of about 10-about 30 millibars to the material for a period of about 4-24 minutes.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises characterizing the wettability of the material based on the amount of EEW in the material and optionally further based on the amount of release resistant water (RRW) in the material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises a plurality of samples from different parts of a larger substance claim 2 , and areas of the substance are characterized on the basis of EEW released from the samples.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the method comprises obtaining samples from more than 100 different parts of an area of the substance.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the substance is rock from an oil well.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the samples are petroleum drill cuttings samples representative of the rock composition across or along the depth or length of a portion of the oil well.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein at least 90% of the petroleum drill ...

IN-GROUND SENSOR SYSTEMS WITH MODULAR SENSORS AND WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY COMPONENTS

In an embodiment, an integrated sensor system with modular sensors and wireless connectivity components for monitoring properties of field soil is described. In an embodiment, an integrated sensor system comprises one or more sensors that are configured to determine one or more measures of at least one property of soil. The integrated sensor system also includes one or more processing units that are configured to receive, from the sensors, the measures of at least one property of soil and calculate soil property data based on the measures. The system further includes a transmitter that is configured to receive the soil property data from the processing units, establish a communications connection with at least one computer device, and automatically transmit the soil property data to the at least one computer device via the communications connection. In an embodiment, the communications connection is a wireless connection established between the transmitter and a smart hub or a LoRA-enabled device. In an embodiment, the computer sensors, the processors, and the transmitter are installed inside a portable probe. 1. An integrated sensor system comprising:one or more sensors that are configured to determine one or more measures of at least one property of soil;one or more processing units that are configured to receive, from the one or more sensors, the one or more measures of at least one property of soil, and calculate soil property data based on the one or more measures of at least one property of soil;a transmitter that is configured to receive the soil property data from the one or more processing units, establish a communications connection with at least one computer device, and automatically transmit, via the communications connection, the soil property data to the at least one computer device configured on at least one agricultural machine.2. The integrated sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one computer device uses the soil property data to control ...

Fluid Characterization Of Porous Materials LIBS

A method for analysing fluid characteristics of a geological sample with laser-induced breakdown spectral measurements performed on the geological sample, spectral pre-processing performed as necessary, and subsequent analysis is applied to the collected data to determine at least one fluid parameter of the sample. The method can provide a more rapid and reliable method to estimate fluid properties of a geological sample. A system for performing the method also is provided. 1. A method for analysing a geological sample , comprising:a) subjecting at least the fluid contents of at least one location of the geological sample to a plurality of successive measurement shots of laser light with each measurement shot at least partly vaporising and turning the portion of said sample into plasma to cause spectral emission;b) detecting said spectral emission after each said measurement shot with at least one spectrum detector to collect raw spectral data;c) optionally preprocessing of the raw spectral data from the spectrum detector in order to transform the raw spectral data into a form for subsequent analysis; andd) determining at least one fluid parameter using the raw spectral data from the spectrum detector.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluid parameter is water saturation claim 1 , oil saturation claim 1 , salinity claim 1 , or any combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluid parameter is salinity weight concentration claim 1 , salinity salt typing claim 1 , or both claim 1 , for water.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluid parameter is density claim 1 , American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity claim 1 , viscosity claim 1 , pour point claim 1 , trace element content (e.g. claim 1 , sulphur) claim 1 , or any combinations thereof claim 1 , for oil.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of successive measurement shots of laser light are applied at a shot rate of one shot every 0.1 to 0.5 ...

AUTONOMOUS MOBILE PLATFORM AND VARIABLE RATE IRRIGATION METHOD FOR PREVENTING FROST DAMAGE

A rover includes a base having wheels and a propulsion system coupled to the wheels to propel the rover around a field. A tower is coupled to the base and extends over the base. Sensors are set on the tower and the base and are configured to sense environmental conditions around the rover at different elevations. A computing system includes a processor and memory. The memory is configured to receive measured data from the sensors and determine an amount and manner of water to be dispensed on plant life in the field. 1. A rover , comprising:a base having wheels;a tower coupled to the base and extending over the base;a plurality of sensors set at a plurality of heights on the tower and the base and configured to sense weather conditions around the rover concurrently from each of the plurality of heights; anda computing system configured to receive measured data from the plurality of sensors and determine an amount and manner of water to be dispensed on plant life in the field.2. The rover as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors measure one or more of temperature claim 1 , humidity and wind velocity at the plurality of heights.3. The rover as recited in claim 1 , wherein the rover includes a sprinkler system onboard to deliver the water to be dispensed.4. The rover as recited in claim 1 , wherein the rover controls a separate sprinkler system to deliver the water to be dispensed in accordance with the measured data.5. The rover as recited in claim 1 , wherein the rover communicates with a central computer system which controls a separate sprinkler system to deliver the water to be dispensed in accordance with the measured data.6. The rover as recited in claim 1 , further comprising an imaging device mounted on the rover to evaluate water delivery amounts for the plant life in the field using visual feedback.7. The rover as recited in claim 1 , further including a propulsion system that moves the rover through the field to evaluate a plurality of ...

Methods and Systems to Replicate Soil Properties

A soil-emulating device and a system for evaluation of soil-related properties are provided. The soil-emulating apparatus includes one or more soil micromodels comprising packed emulated soil particles. The packed soil particles comprise a particle size distribution, and a soil structure of a desired soil type. The soil micromodel is cast from a two-dimensional representation of a region to provide visualization of air infiltration into pores of the micromodel. The soil micromodel is located within an environmental control chamber to control humidity and, optionally, the soil micromodel is saturated with a bacteria strain. Images are captured of the soil micromodel over time. 1. A soil-emulating apparatus comprising:at least one soil micromodel region comprising packed emulated soil particles, the packed emulated soil particles comprising a particle size distribution, and a soil structure of a desired soil type;wherein the at least one soil micromodel is cast from a two-dimensional representation of the region to provide visualization of air infiltration into pores of the at least one soil micromodel.2. The soil-emulating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one soil micromodel is positioned within a channel.3. The soil-emulating apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the channel is saturated with an aqueous suspension of live bacteria.4. The soil-emulating apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the aqueous suspension includes one of the following: a mucoid extracellular polymeric substance (EPS+) bacteria strain claim 3 , or a non-mucoid extracellular polymeric substance (EPS−) bacteria strain.5. The soil-emulating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one soil micromodel comprises a biocompatible polymer.6. The soil-emulating apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:air infiltration openings through the at least one soil micromodel.7. A system for evaluation of soil-related properties claim 1 , comprising:an environmental control chamber;at least one soil micromodel ...

POTTING MOISTURE DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A node includes a circuit board assembly having a circuit board and a processor mounted to the circuit board, the processor comprising a pin and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in electrical communication with the pin, the circuit board defining a test point formed therein, the test point electrically communicating with the pin via a trace covered with an insulator; and a non-transitory memory resource, the non-transitory memory resource having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to apply electrical charge to the test point after the circuit board assembly has been encased in potting compound, and command the ADC to read a test point voltage at the test point, the test point voltage indicating voltage of an equivalent RC circuit comprising the insulator as an equivalent capacitor and the potting compound as an equivalent resistor. 1. A node , comprising:a circuit board assembly comprising a circuit board and a processor mounted to the circuit board, the processor comprising a pin and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in electrical communication with the pin, the circuit board defining a test point formed therein, the test point electrically communicating with the pin via a trace covered with an insulator; and apply electrical charge to the test point after the circuit board assembly has been encased in a potting compound, and', 'command the ADC to read a test point voltage at the test point, the test point voltage indicating voltage of an equivalent resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit comprising the insulator as an equivalent capacitor and the potting compound as an equivalent resistor., 'a non-transitory memory resource, the non-transitory memory resource having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to'}2. The node of claim 1 , wherein the computer-executable instructions claim 1 , when executed by the processor claim 1 , ...

Portable Apparatus for Liquid Chemical Characterization

An apparatus or method determines a salinity or metal content a liquid sample by scanning the liquid sample using a PXRF spectrometer, receiving a PXRF spectra from the PXRF spectrometer, baseline correcting and smoothing the received PXRF spectra, extracting a Kα emission line of one or more elements from the baseline corrected and smoothed PXRF spectra using only one beam from the PXRF spectrometer, determining the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample using the one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the Kα emission line of the one or more elements to the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample, and providing the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample to the one or more input/output interfaces. 1. A computerized method for determining metal content of a liquid sample comprising:providing a x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer, a probe connected to the PXRF spectrometer, one or more processors communicably coupled to the PXRF spectrometer, and one or more input/output interfaces communicably coupled to the one or more processors;scanning the liquid sample using the PXRF spectrometer;receiving a PXRF spectra from the PXRF spectrometer;baseline correcting and smoothing the received PXRF spectra;extracting a Kα emission line of one or more elements from the baseline corrected and smoothed PXRF spectra using only one beam from the PXRF spectrometer;determining the metal content of the liquid sample using the one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the Kα emission line of the one or more elements to the metal content of the liquid sample; andproviding the metal content of the liquid sample to the one or more input/output interfaces.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising selecting the one or more element from a list of elements detectable by the PXRF spectrometer.3. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the selected elements are one or more of Ca claim 2 , Cu claim 2 , Fe ...

INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, PARAMETER CORRECTION METHOD AND PROGRAM RECORDING MEDIUM

The present invention evaluates, with high precision, the risk of a landslide disaster. An information processing device is provided with: an estimation unit that estimates a parameter indicating a moisture state of soil of a prescribed site, on the basis of a first piece of data indicating the topography, vegetation or geological features of the site and second piece of data indicating the precipitation amount of the site; a correction formula calculation unit that calculates a correction formula, in regards to a first site that is the site at which a sensor for measuring the parameter is installed, using a parameter measured by the sensor and a first parameter which is the parameter estimated for the first site; and a correction unit that uses the calculated correction formula to correct a second parameter, which is the parameter estimated for a second site, which is a site at which the sensor that measures the parameter is not installed. 1. An information processing device comprising:estimation means for estimating a parameter indicating a moisture state of soil at a predetermined site, based on first data indicating topography, vegetation, or geology of the site, and second data indicating a precipitation amount at the site;correction formula calculation means for calculating a correction formula, in regard to a first site where a sensor that measures the parameter is installed, by using a parameter measured by the sensor and a first parameter being estimated for the first site; andcorrection means for correcting, by using the calculated correction formula, a second parameter estimated for a second site where a sensor that measures the parameter is not installed.2. The information processing device according to claim 1 , whereinthe estimation means estimates the first parameter and the second parameter by simulating surface movement of water and underground movement of water at a site corresponding to each parameter, respectively.3. The information processing ...

SMART LAWN SENSOR ADAPTED TO MONITOR LAWN HEIGHT AND SYSTEM OF PROVIDING LAWN CARE

A smart lawn sensor is provided. The smart lawn sensor provides a grass height sensor adapted to determine the elevation of adjacent grass. The smart lawn sensor provides control circuitry operatively associated with the grass height sensor. The control circuitry may be programmed to set thresholds for the determined grass height so that the control circuitry sends notifications to one or more remote computing devices if the set thresholds are met or exceeded. 1. A smart lawn sensor , comprising:a first housing having an upward-facing surface and a downward-facing surface;a grass height sensor disposed in the first housing so as to be operatively associated with a portion of the downward-facing surface, wherein the grass height sensor is configured to measure a first distance and a second distance between the downward-facing surface and a supporting surface and between the downward-facing surface and an upper elevation of plant life between the supporting surface and the downward-facing surface, respectively;a post extending from the downward-facing surface so as to connect the downward-facing surface to the supporting surface; anda control circuitry coupled to the grass height sensor, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine a difference between said first and second distances.2. The smart lawn sensor of claim 1 , wherein the grass height sensor utilizes infrared imaging functionality to determine said first and second distances.3. The smart lawn sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a moisture sensor integrated with a distal end of the post claim 1 , so that the moisture sensor measures the moisture content of the supporting surface.4. The smart lawn sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a solar energy collector integrated with the upward-facing surface claim 1 , wherein the solar energy collectors converts sunlight to electricity powering the control circuitry.5. The smart lawn sensor of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to ...

MEASURING PROBE FOR MEASURING IN GROUND A PARAMETER AND A METHOD FOR MAKING SUCH A PROBE

A measuring probe for measuring in ground a parameter, the probe having an elongate body with a tip as a leading end and a head as a trailing end, the elongate body having a first and a second member which each extend in a longitudinal direction of the elongate body, the second member provides resistance against bending of the first member when the tip is advanced into the ground by hammering on the head. 1. A measuring probe for measuring a soil parameter at a level deeper than 15 cm in the ground , the probe having an elongate body with a tip as a leading end and a head to be hammered on , for forcing the probe into the ground , as a trailing end , the elongate body:being provided with a number of electrodes with which the measuring probe can measure the parameter andhaving a first member and a second member which each extend in a longitudinal direction of the elongate body, the first member being connected to the head and the second member providing resistance against bending when the tip is advanced into the ground by hammering on the head.2. The measuring probe according to claim 1 , wherein the second member provides resistance against bending of the first member when the tip is advanced into the ground by hammering on the head.3. The measuring probe according to claim 1 , wherein the second member is around the first member.4. The measuring probe according to claim 1 , wherein the second member is pipe-shaped and the first member is bar-shaped.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The measuring probe of claim 1 , wherein the tip and/or the head extends in longitudinal direction beyond the second member.8. (canceled)9. The measuring probe of claim 1 , wherein the second member embraces the first member.10. (canceled)11. The measuring probe of claim 1 , wherein the head is connected to the first member such that the axis of the first member and the axis of the head coincide.12. (canceled)13. The measuring probe of claim 1 , wherein the tip is connected to the first ...

SOIL, MOISTURE INDICATOR, WATER DETECTION UNIT USED IN SOIL, MOISTURE INDICATOR, BODY CASE, MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR WATER DETECTION UNIT, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SOIL MOISTURE INDICATOR

A soil moisture indicator contains a water-absorbing material and a color-changing part. A body part is formed and hollow by a material through which water does not pass, and has a water-absorbing opening proximate one end and a transpiration opening positioned near the other end. A display part is connected to the other end of the body part and allows an inner hollow portion to be viewed. An upper-end part that constitutes the end portion of the display part can be removed from and connected to the display part at the end portion on the opposite side to the end portion connected to the body. There is a change in color tone indication between a water-absorbed state and a dry state. 115.-. (canceled)16. A soil moisture indicator , comprising:a main body unit that is made of a water blocking material, has a hollow structure and further comprises a water absorbing opening in a proximity of a first end thereof in a longitudinal direction and an evaporation opening in a proximity of a second end thereof;a display that is connected with said second end of said main body unit, of which a hollow element inside thereof is visually recognizable;a top end portion that is freely-detachably connected with said display at an opposite end of an end connected with said main body among ends of said display and covers said hollow element of said display;a water absorbing material that fills at least from said water absorbing opening to said display inside said main body unit and said display;a color changeable unit that is installed as covering said water absorbing material at a position of said display and changes a color thereof depending on a state selected from a group consisting of a water-absorbing state and a dry state; anda clear cylinder that encloses said color changeable unit.17. The soil moisture indicator claim 16 , according to claim 16 , further comprising:an uneven element between said main body unit and said display; andan inner diameter of said display is larger ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

Provided is a display apparatus that is capable of displaying a relationship between sand properties measured as time series. The display apparatus displays (i) a relationship between pieces of measured first sand property data and pieces of measured second sand property data, obtained in a first predetermined period, together with first and second reference ranges set for the first and second sand properties and (ii) a relationship between pieces of measured third sand property data and pieces of measured fourth sand property data, obtained in a second predetermined period, together with third and fourth reference ranges set for the third and fourth sand properties. 1. A display apparatus configured to display sand properties of foundry sand , comprising: (i) acquire, from a storage device which stores therein pieces of measured data obtained by measuring each of sand properties as a time series and dates and times at which the respective pieces of measured data were obtained, pieces of measured first sand property data which were obtained in a first predetermined period and pieces of measured second sand property data which were obtained in the first predetermined period, and', '(ii) prepare first graph display data for use in displaying a first graph together with a first reference range and a second reference range, the first graph showing a relationship between the pieces of measured first sand property data and the pieces of measured second sand property data, the first reference range having been set for a first sand property, the second reference range having been set for a second sand property;, 'a first graph display data preparing section configured to'} (a) acquire, from the storage device, pieces of measured third sand property data which were obtained in a second predetermined period and pieces of measured fourth sand property data which were obtained in the second predetermined period, and', '(b) prepare second graph display data for use in displaying ...

IN-GROUND MOISTURE SENSOR AND SYSTEM

A system for controlling watering is disclosed. The system uses an in-ground moisture sensor and an end user device. The system uses at least one in-ground probe which has a ground engagement portion and an upper portion. The upper portion houses a communication module and a power module. The system also uses an end user device that has a communication module and a water-shut off valve. 1. An in-ground moisture sensor system comprising:at least one probe having a ground engagement portion and an upper portion wherein said upper portion houses a communication module and a power module;at least one end user device in communication with said probe using the probe's communication module and a water-shut off valve.2. The system of wherein said probe power module comprises a lithium-polymer battery and a solar cell embedded on the probe upper portion.3. The system of wherein the system further comprises a center controller that is in communication with the at least one probe and the at least one end user device.4. The system of wherein said probe communication module comprises a wireless communication system which forwards readings of the at least one probe to the center controller.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one end user device comprises the center controller claim 3 , so that the end user device directly communicates with the at least one probe.6. The system of wherein said probe comprises an aluminum oxide ceramic foam and electrodes comprising stainless steel and graphite.7. The system of wherein the at least one probe comprises a probe for measuring moisture level.8. The system of wherein the at least one probe further comprises at least one of a probe for measuring pH level claim 7 , a probe for measuring nutrient level claim 7 , a probe for measuring oxygen level claim 7 , and a probe for measuring Nitrogen-Phosphorous Potassium level.9. The system of wherein the probe measures moisture level by using capacitance claim 7 , and the probe is ...

Multi-Depth Soil Moisture Monitoring Systems and Methods to Evaluate Soil Type, Packaged in Small Round Polyvinyl Chloride Tube, With Potting and Rodent Protection, for Effective Measurements and Installation

According to some exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure is related in general to a soil moisture monitoring system comprising a first PVC pipe holding one or more sensing units, a top of the first PVC pipe mated to a “T” intersection, and a base of the “T” intersection mated to a rodent resistant cord. The first PVC pipe is generally round in shape with one or more flat surfaces of approximately six inches in length, each flat surface at an approximately 90 degree angle relative to a next closest flat surface. Each of the one or more sensing units further comprises a controller communicatively coupled between two antennas. In most exemplary embodiments, four sensing units may be vertically stacked on the first PVC pipe and configured to transmit eight separate directional radio frequencies into nearby dirt, each of the eight separate directional radio frequencies vertically spaced six inches apart. 1. A soil moisture monitoring system comprising:a first PVC pipe holding one or more sensing units;a top of the first PVC pipe mated to a “T” intersection; anda base of the “T” intersection mated to a rodent resistant cord.2. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 2 , further comprising:the first PVC pipe being generally round in shape with one or more flat surfaces of approximately six inches in length, each flat surface at an approximately 90 degree angle relative to a next closest flat surface.3. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 1 , each of the one or more sensing units further comprising a controller communicatively coupled between two antennas.4. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 3 , each of the one or more sensing units further comprising a programming port in close proximity to the controller.5. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 4 , the controller on each of the one or more sensing units configured to be independently programmable with its own unique program.6. The soil moisture monitoring system of claim 5 , further ...