Устройство для оперативного контроля качества трансмиссионного масла

Изобретение относится к области измерительной техники, в частности к устройствам и способам выявления примесей в трансмиссионном масле и определения степени его загрязненности. Предложено устройство для оперативного контроля качества трансмиссионного масла, содержащее пластину из диэлектрического материала, на которой расположен датчик 1, чувствительный элемент которого выполнен в виде планарной катушки Теслы, подключенный либо к измерителю индуктивности 2 в лабораторных условиях, либо к преобразователю в полевых, при этом устройство устанавливается непосредственно в механизм трансмиссии для оперативного контроля состояния трансмиссионного масла. Изобретение позволяет оперативно контролировать состояние трансмиссионного масла в коробках передач, ведущих мостах транспортных машин и редукторов подъемных машин и вспомогательных механизмов. 1 ил.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von Reibungssystemen in Motoren.

Method for detecting magnetisable particles in oil and hydraulic fluids - passing particle-laden fluid through magnetic field and determining effect on field

The method involves passing the oil (1) containing the particles through a magnetic field (2) and detecting the effect on the magnetic field with a suitable sensor (4). The particles pass either through the sensor or not. The particle sensitive magnetic field is large enough to enclose a number of particles or only one.

Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Getriebes einer Windenergieanlage

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Getriebes (6) einer Windenergieanlage mit einem Getriebeflüssigkeitskreislauf (6, 12-20), ein Computerprogramm sowie ein Überwachungssystem für ein Getriebe (6) einer Windenergieanlage mit einem Getriebeflüssigkeitskreislauf (6, 12-20). Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Anzahl und/oder die Größe und/oder die Art von in der Getriebeflüssigkeit enthaltenen Partikeln gemessen wird und bei Überschreiten wenigstens eines, insbesondere ersten, Grenzwertes (38, 40, 44, 46, 48, 50) durch einen Messwert eine Statusmitteilung erzeugt wird und/oder ein Betriebsparameter (34, 36) der Windenergieanlage verändert wird.

Multi-passage oil debris monitor to increase detection capability in high oil flow systems

FERROUS DEBRIS DETECTION SYSTEM

This invention relates to a device for detecting electrically inductive particles in a fluid medium and is of particular use for detecting ferrous particles in the lubricant of an engine or mechanical transmissions thereby giving warning of malfunction of the engine or the transmission. The invention is of particular importance for the operation of an internal combustion engine, especially highly stressed helicopter and aircraft engines wherein prior warning of a malfunction permits corrective action prior to a catastrophic failure.

Apparatus and method

Apparatus and method for fluid analysis

Multi-passage oil debris monitor to increase detection capability in high oil flow systems

Method and apparatus for oil condition monitoring

MAGNET TAP WITH EARLY WARNING FUNCTION

Colorimetric test for brake system corrosion

A method and kit for determining a concentration of iron in brake fluid when contacting a colorimetric reagent such that a color results (Fig. 1). The level of iron can be used to determine the amount of active corrosion within a brake system and determine if special service procedures are required.

Method of measurement of abnormal wear debris and particulate contamination in machine components by oil analysis

Continuous on-board analysis of diesel engine lubrication systems

APPARATUS FOR DETECTING METAL DEBRIS PARTICLES

OIL DEBRIS MONITOR VERIFICATION DRY RIG

Verifying the accuracy of an oil debris monitor system is difficult while the monitor system is installed in a lubrication system. The invention solves this problem by providing an assembly that includes a debris monitor mount, a motor, and a particle belt that carries one or more metallic particles. The particle belt is driven by the motor. The particle belt extends proximate the debris monitor mount and through an oil flow passage when driven by the motor. The one or more metallic particles carried by the particle belt allows the assembly to be tested with or without the presence of oil in the oil flow passage.

COLORIMETRIC TEST FOR BRAKE SYSTEM CORROSION

A method and kit for determining a concentration of iron in brake fluid when contacting a colorimetric reagent such that a color results (Fig. 1). The level of iron can be used to determine the amount of active corrosion within a brake system and determine if special service procedures are required.

APPARATUS FOR METALLIC PARTICULATE QUANTIFICATION

Some embodiments relate to an apparatus for metallic particulate detection. The apparatus comprises: an entry stage defining an input chamber to receive an element having particulate matter thereon; a sensor defining a passage in fluid communication with the input chamber to receive the particulate matter from the input chamber and to detect the particles in the particulate matter; a vented recovery stage defining a recovery chamber to receive and capture at least some of the particulate matter passing through the passage; and at least one air outlet positioned in the input chamber to direct pressurised air from the at least one air outlet to impinge on the element to remove the particulate matter from the element.

MEMS IMPLEMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF WEAR METALS

This invention relates to analyzing elements, including metals in mechanical systems. The invention therefore allows for detecting wear elements, such as metals, for example, in lubricants to determine whether the mechanical system is deteriorating, or even approaching failure. The invention relates to an integrated micro-electromechanical (MEMS) apparatus, and methods for using this apparatus.

VISCOSITY REDUCTION OF CRUDE OIL THROUGH STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF ASPHALTENE MOLECULE

Asphaltene may be effectively broken into smaller molecules by first elucidating the structure of the asphaltene and then developing a catalyst system based on the elucidated structure. The structure may be determined based on a series of analytical techniques including NMR, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and LDI. The most probable structure is determined using computational methods based on quantum mechanics and classical molecular dynamics and the catalyst system is developed for the most probable structure.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ANALYSING A BLEND OF TWO OR MORE HYDROCARBON FEED STREAMS

The invention relates to a method for analysing a blend of two or more hydrocarbon feed streams such as crude oils. These crude oils are blended in a facility such as a refinery. The method assesses the compatibility of a hydrocarbon feed in a blend to calculate the blend stability such that organic deposition is minimised. The method uses all of a plurality of hydrocarbon feeds to be blended for analysis. The method either selects a neat hydrocarbon feed, from a plurality of the hydrocarbon feeds included in a blend, as a titrant, wherein the or each other hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon feed are used to make a pseudo-blend and titrating the pseudo-blend with said selected neat hydrocarbon feed for a plurality of different blend ratios. Alternatively the method involves preparing a reference hydrocarbon and making a blend from the plurality of hydrocarbon feeds and titrating the blend with the reference hydrocarbon. Measurements associated with the change in characteristics of the titrated ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FAILURE PREDICTION USING LUBRICATING FLUID ANALYSIS

Methods and systems for failure prediction using analysis of oil or other lubricant. Raw data about feature(s) of each of a plurality of particles filtered from a fluid sample are used to categorize each particle into one of a plurality of categories, each category being defined by one or more of: chemical composition, size and morphology. Particle physical characteristics in each category are quantified to obtain a set of categorized data. The categorized data are compared with historical data. Results of the comparing are evaluated to generate a prediction of any failure or mechanism of failure.

OIL MONITOR WITH MAGNETIC FIELD

DEVICE FOR the QUALITY CONTROL Of a LUBRICANT AND PROCESS FOR the CONTROL OF the OPERATION Of an INDUSTRIAL PLANT USING a LUBRICANT

DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE INTEGRITY OF A SYSTEM FOR DETECTING AND CAPTURING DEBRIS FERROUS A CIRCULATING LIQUID AND DETECTOR TO PROVIDE A DEVICE OF THIS TYPE.

유체 분석 및 모니터링을 위한 시스템, 장치 및 방법

... 본 발명은 유체 분석을 위한 시스템, 장치, 및 방법을 제공한다. 실시예는 이동식 및 교체식 샘플링 시스템 및 상기 샘플링 시스템에 연결된 분석 시스템을 포함한다. 유체는 샘플링 시스템을 통하도록 보내지며 실시간 데이터는 샘플링 시스템을 통한 유체로부터 수집될 수 있다. 샘플링 시스템은 실시간 데이터를 처리하고 분석 시스템으로 전송할 수 있다. 분석 시스템은 실시간 데이터를 수신하고 데이터베이스에 저장하며 실시간 데이터를 유체 내 상태를 식별하기 위해 데이터베이스 내 유체에 대한 기존 데이터와 실시간 데이터를 비교할 수 있는 유체 명령 및 제어 시스템을 포함할 수 있다.

ACOUSTIC WAVE PARTICULATE SENSOR

An acoustic wave particulate sensor system is disclosed, which includes a piezoelectric substrate; and one or more acoustic wave sensing elements formed upon said piezoelectric substrate. A housing can be provided for maintaining said piezoelectric substrate and the acoustic wave sensing elements, wherein the acoustic wave sensing elements, when exposed to a substance containing particulates, such as, for example, engine oil, responds to a phase change, frequency change, and/or noise level change associated with said particulates in order to identify a noise signature of said particulates and therefore identify differences among said particulates to detect data associated with said particulates.

CONTINUOUS ON-BOARD ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

A method and apparatus for detecting the degree of deterioration of a lubricating oil for an operating machine includes a grid-like capacitive sensor (20) that uses the lubricating oil as a dielectric medium. A magnetic field is imposed upon the oil to attract ferromagnetic wear particles into the vicinity of the sensor. Preferably, the magnetic field is generated by at least two independently controlled electromagnet windings (26, 28) aligned such that the magnetic field produced by each winding acts upon the wear particles. A plurality of capacitance measurements are taken at periodic intervals at each of several magnet operational states for respective classification and analysis. All windings may be simultaneously de-energized for release of captured particles back in to an oil circulation stream and to clean the capacitative sensor grid of accumulated particulates.

FLUID ANALYSIS AND MONITORING USING OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY

Systems, methods, and computer-program products for fluid analysis and monitoring are disclosed. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system to receive and store the data in a database and compare the data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid. Fluid conditions may be determined using machine learning models that are generated from well-characterized known training data. Predicted fluid conditions may then be used to automatically implement control processes for an operating machine containing the fluid.

INDUSTRIAL DEVICE INCLUDING SENSOR

One object is to provide an industrial device in which abrasion powder (conductive substance) can accumulate on a sensor to an amount necessary for proper failure prediction. An industrial device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a lubricant reservoir portion including a region in which a lubricant circulates; and a sensor including a pair of electrodes disposed in the region in which the lubricant circulates, the sensor being configured to sense variation of electric resistance between the pair of electrodes.

HARD PARTICLE CONCENTRATION DETECTING METHOD, PARTICLE CONCENTRATION DETECTING METHOD, AND DEVICE THEREFOR

Magnetic and counterpart members 12 and 11 are immersed in a liquid which may include hard particles. At least one of the members 12 and 11 is moved while pressed to the other member. The magnetic member 12 is worn by hard particles in the liquid to produce magnetic particles in the liquid. A concentration of the magnetic particles produced is measured and is converted into a concentration of hard particles in the liquid on the basis of a calibration line representing a correlation measured in advance between the concentrations of the magnetic particles and of the hard particles in the liquid. Thus, the concentration of the hard particles in the liquid is detected.

DETECTING PARTICLES IN A PARTICLE CONTAINING FLUID

A sensor system for detecting particles within a fluid, the sensor system comprising: i) a gauge body having a working surface for receiving a particle containing fluid; ii) an impactor spaced apart from the working surface of the gauge body defining a spacing between the impactor and the working surface of the gauge body through which particle containing fluid can pass, wherein the sensor system is configured such that as the particle containing fluid passes through the spacing between the impactor and the working surface of the gauge body, particles disposed over the working surface are impacted by the impactor generating a signal which is dependent on one or both of the size and concentration of particles in the fluid; and iii) a sensor configured to detect the signal generated by the particles impacting the impactor and provide an output signal.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXTENDING A LUBRICANT DISCARD INTERVAL

A system, a method and a computer program to predict a portion of used lubricant in an engine that is to be drained and replaced by fresh lubricant based on an analysis parameter value that is measured in a sample of used engine lubricant from the engine. The system includes a first input that receives the analysis parameter value from the used lubricant and stores the analysis parameter value in a memory of a processor. A second input receives an analysis parameter threshold value for the used lubricant at the end of a service interval and stores the analysis parameter threshold value in a memory of the processor. A determiner predicts a future analysis parameter value of the used lubricant at the end of the service interval based on the analysis parameter value, and the analysis parameter threshold value.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LIMITING ACIDIC CORROSION AND CONTAMINATION IN FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS

A method and apparatus are provided for controlling a fuel delivery system to limit acidic corrosion. An exemplary control system includes a controller, at least one monitor, an output, and a remediation system. The monitor of the control system may collect and analyze data indicative of a corrosive environment in the fuel delivery system. The output of the control system may automatically warn an operator of the fueling station of the corrosive environment so that the operator can take preventative or corrective action. The remediation system of the control system may take at least one corrective action to remediate the corrosive environment in the fuel delivery system. 122-.23. A fuel delivery system comprising:a storage tank containing a fuel product;a sump;a pump having a first portion positioned in the sump and a second portion positioned in the storage tank; and a water filter positioned in the sump and configured to separate the fuel product into a filtered fuel product and a separated water product;', 'a fuel inlet passageway in fluid communication with the storage tank and the water filter via the pump to direct the fuel product to the water filter;', 'a fuel return passageway in fluid communication with the water filter and the storage tank to return the filtered fuel product to the storage tank; and', 'a water removal passageway in fluid communication with the water filter to drain the separated water product from the water filter., 'a water filtration system comprising24. The fuel delivery system of claim 23 , wherein the fuel inlet passageway is coupled to the pump at a location upstream of a leak detector.25. The fuel delivery system of claim 23 , further comprising:an inlet valve positioned along the fuel inlet passageway; anda controller that opens the inlet valve at a predetermined start time outside of high-demand fuel dispensing hours.26. The fuel delivery system of claim 23 , further comprising:a drain valve positioned along the water removal ...

System and method for detecting spall initiation and defining end of life in engine components

A system and method are provided for detecting a spall in an engine (100). The vehicle, for example, may include, but is not limited to an engine, an oil debris sensor (140) coupled to the engine (100), a communications system, and a processor (160) communicatively coupled to the oil debris sensor (140) and the communications system. The processor (160) may be configured to increment a counter when the oil debris sensor (140) detects a particle over a predetermined size, increment the counter when a mass of a plurality of particles under the predetermined size exceeds a predetermined mass threshold, transmit, via the communications system, a first message when the counter exceeds a predetermined counter threshold, and reset the counter after predetermined amount of time.

СПОСОБ И КОМПЛЕКТ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДОЗИРОВКИ ИОНОВ ЖЕЛЕЗА В СМАЗЫВАЮЩИХ КОМПОЗИЦИЯХ

Предложен способ определения ионов железа в смазывающих композициях, включающий следующие стадии: а) отбор образца анализируемой смазывающей композиции в первый контейнер; b) размещение упомянутого первого контейнера, содержащего анализируемый образец, на магните; с) добавление во второй контейнер: первой водной реакционноспособной композиции (CR1), содержащей, по меньшей мере, один экстрагент ионов трехвалентного железа и двухвалентного железа из масляной фазы в водную фазу; второй водной реакционноспособной композиции (CR2), содержащей, по меньшей мере, один восстановитель ионов трехвалентного железа (Fe) для получения ионов двухвалентного железа (Fe); третьей реакционноспособной композиции (CR3), содержащей, по меньшей мере, одно вещество, дестабилизирующее эмульсию; и четвертой реакционноспособной композиции (CR4) в водном растворе, содержащей комплексообразователь ионов двухвалентного железа, характеризующийся изменением окраски при комплексообразовании с ионами двухвалентного железа ...

СИСТЕМА И ПРОЦЕСС СЛЕЖЕНИЯ ЗА ИЗМЕНЕНИЕМ КАЧЕСТВА СМАЗОЧНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА, СПОСОБ СЛЕЖЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТАКОГО СПОСОБА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА В СМАЗОЧНОМ МАТЕРИАЛЕ

Mechanische Einrichtung mit Schmiermittelsensor für schmiermittelmengenunabhängige Eigenschaft des Schmiermittels

Eine mechanische Einrichtung weist einen Grundkörper (1) und mindestens ein bezüglich des Grundkörpers (1) in mindestens einem Lager (3) beweglich gelagertes Element (2) auf. Das Lager (3) ist mittels eines Schmiermittels geschmiert. Am oder im Grundkörper (1) ist eine Sensoreinrichtung (5) angeordnet, die mindestens einen in der Nähe des Lagers (3) angeordneten, mit dem Schmiermittel in Kontakt stehenden Schmiermittelsensor (6) aufweist. Von dem Schmiermittelsensor (6) ist mindestens eine erste elektrische Größe ermittelbar, die für eine erste schmiermittelmengenunabhängige Eigenschaft des Schmiermittels charakteristisch ist. Von der Sensoreinrichtung (5) ist mindestens ein von der ersten ear.

Testvorrichtung

Method and system for analysing a blend of two or more hydrocarbon feed streams

Steel particles magnet detector

A metallic particle detection unit 1 installed in a fuel return circuit (fig 1, 100) between the pump (fig 1, 300) and tank (fig 1, 400) of an engine. The detection unit comprises a body 3 with an entrance 5 and exit 6, where fuel flows through, a magnetic detection device 2 which is a magnet 10 in the body, and a transparent window 9, so the fuel flow and magnet is visible. Metallic particles in the fuel may attach to the magnet and be visually inspected through the window by an operator. The magnetic detection device may be detached from the body. The unit may also comprise connecting members 7/8 for the fuel entrance and exits. The body may be cylindrical. The unit may be part of a kit with additional inlet (fig 4, 34/35) and outlet (fig 4, 36/37) elements and protection caps (fig 4, 41/42/43/44). The inlet and/or outlet elements may be of in-line or angled forms.

A method of and apparatus for detecting debris in a moving fluid

MONITORED DIAGNOSTIC SENSOR

Colorimetric test for brake system corrosion

A method and kit for determining a concentration of iron in brake fluid when contacting a colorimetric reagent such that a color results (Fig. 1). The level of iron can be used to determine the amount of active corrosion within a brake system and determine if special service procedures are required.

Apparatus for and method of monitoring lubrication

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF FRICTION SYSTEMS IN ENGINES.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE STATEMENT OF PARTICLES IN A LIQUID MEDIUM.

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PROOF OF THE POLLUTION OF AN OBJECT BY A METAL

On-site analyzer

Methods and devices for monitoring machine fluids

Abstract A device for measuring fluid parameters may be modular or integrally formed. The device is positioned on a machine that includes one or more fluids to be monitored, and the device includes a (1) controller, (2) spacer that connects to a power source and that may 5 include one or more connectors to connect to remote sensors, and (3) an optional manifold through which the fluid may pass. The manifold could include fluid sensors and/or be connectable to a sample bottle for the purpose of taking fluid samples.

Test for brake fluid age and condition

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for fluid analysis and monitoring

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for fluid analysis. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and real-time data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the real-time data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system that may receive and store the real-time data in a database and compare the real-time data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid.

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF FRICTION SYSTEMS OF MOTORS

ON-SITE ANALYZER

An apparatus (10) for analyzing lubricant oils and functional fluids includes an optical emission spectrometer (OES) (26) having a substantially continuously valued wavelength versus intensity output (140). The OES (26) analyzes light captured from a spark emission stand (58) through which the fluid sample is flowed. An expert system (160-172) operates according to a set of Rules, and generates diagnostic text (174) for an operator based on the information about the fluid sample provided by the OES (26) and other measurement devices. The apparatus (10) is reduced in size, weight and cost.

JIG FOR INSCRIBING A SUBSTRATE

The invention disclosed is a jig to facilitate the inscription of a pattern on a substrate, typically a glass microscope slide. The jig includes means for positioning the substrate and template means overlying the substrate. The pattern is preferably u-shaped to define a liquid flow channel along the long dimension of the slide for use of the inscribed slide in ferrography.

METHOD AND TEST KIT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF IRON CONTENT OF IN-USE LUBRICANTS

Disclosed is a method for on-site determination of iron content of an in-use lubricant, comprising adding a predetermined amount of said in-use lubricant to an active solvent comprising predetermined amounts of an apolar organic solvent, a polar organic solvent, an organic acid water an iron complexing agent and a reducing agent, said active solvent having a pH between 2 and 4 thoroughly mixing the lubricant and the active solvent until the lubricant is completely dissolved, allowing the mixture to react completely and to separate into a top layer and a bottom layer holding the iron complex, filtering a portion of the bottom layer into a receptacle suitable for absorbance measurement in the visible range, photometrically measuring the net absorbance of the filtered solution at selected visible frequency and converting the absorbance measurement to ppm iron content of the lubricant The test kits for conducting the method are also disclosed.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MONITORING THE PARTICLE CONTAMINATION IN FLOWING HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

A device for monitoring particle contamination in flowing hydraulic fluid s comprises means for particle counting and particle sizing. Further a metho d for monitoring particle contamination in flowing hydraulic fluids comprise s the steps of determining (A, B) fluid flow velocity; counting of particles in the hydraulic fluid passing the light barrier (4) for a fixed period of time; obtaining particle size distribution by using a range of different tri gger levels. The monitoring device is insertable into the A/C hydraulic syst em to enable an online-monitoring of the degradation of the fluid quality du ring normal flight operations or on the ground using the method according to the present invention. Further the inventive solution helps lowering the co sts for A/C maintenance and increase the A/C availability since necessary se rvice actions can be scheduled strategically.

MAGNETIC ADVANCE SIGNAL PLUG

L'invention concerne un bouchon magnétique (10) à signalisation pour un circuit de liquide (14) comportant une première électrode magnétique (26) et une deuxième électrode magnétique (28) destinées à être en contact avec le liquide circulant dans le circuit de liquide lorsque le bouchon magnétique est monté, afin de détecter la présence de particules métalliques susceptibles d'être contenues dans le liquide. L'invention se caractérise par le fait que le bouchon comporte en outre une électrode intermédiaire préférentiellement amagnétique (38) disposée entre les première et deuxième électrodes magnétiques tout en étant également destinée à être en contact avec le liquide circulant dans le circuit de liquide lorsque le bouchon magnétique est monté, grâce à quoi ledit bouchon permet une détection précoce de la présence de telles particules métalliques.

MINIATURE SENSOR FOR LUBRICANT ANALYSIS

A fluid contamination analyzer (90) accepts data from a sensor array (94). T he fluid is affected by a magnetic field stimulus (96) from a control driver (98). Alternatively, an electrostatic field exciter may be used. The sensors impedance as a function of field strength is an indication of the particles characteristics, when multiple sensors are separated by substantial distance s, a system of communication links is used and the information is digested at a central location.

SYSTEM, DEVICE AND METHODS FOR ANALYSIS AND MONITORING OF FLUID MEDIUM

FERROUS DEBRIS MONITORING DEVICE

Detection of conducting impurities in hydraulic circuit - using spaced filamentson printed circuit film in fluid

SENSOR, METHOD FOR CALIBRATING A SENSOR AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATED ONLINE TRACKING OF THE EVOLUTION OF A LIQUID BODY

Ce capteur (50) de détermination de la teneur globale en un élément chimique prédéterminé, notamment en fer, d'un corps liquide. Ce capteur utilise la technologie de fluorescence X et comprend une source de rayons X (502), un détecteur de rayons X (504) et une cellule (506) destinée à contenir un échantillon de lubrifiant à analyser et équipée d'une paroi (510) formant une fenêtre de passage des rayons X. La paroi est réalisée en poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène). En outre, la cellule inclut un boîtier (508) définissant un volume interne de réception de l'échantillon. Le procédé de calibration du capteur (50) comprend au moins les étapes suivantes consistant à établir un premier spectre de rayonnement X secondaire comprenant des niveaux d'énergie correspondant aux composants du matériau du boîtier ; faire fonctionner le capteur (50), alors que le volume interne du boîtier ne contient pas d'échantillon du corps liquide et établir un deuxième spectre de rayonnement X secondaire ; modifier le ...

전기 전도성 입자들을 제거하기 위한 시스템

... 본 발명은 전기 전도성 입자들(electrically conductive particles)을 제거하기 위한 시스템에 관한 것이며, 상기 시스템은 매체 순환(medium circulation)에서 전기 전도성 입자들을 검출 및 파괴하려는 것이다. 상기 시스템은 서로 상이한 전위들로 전력 공급 수단(V)에 의해 구성된 전극들(E)을 포함하고, 이로써 그와 접속하여 이동된 전기 전도성 입자들은 전극들 사이의 쇼트커트를 발생시킴으로써 검출 및 파괴되도록 구성된다. 상기 시스템은 균일한 프레임(1)을 갖는 디바이스(L)를 포함하고, 여기서 디바이스 내부에, 흐름 공간(2)의 길이 방향(longitudinal direction)으로 그의 내부에서 발생하는 매체 순환의 관통을 위한 흐름 공간(2)이 존재하고, 흐름 공간은, 자신의 길이 방향에 수직하는 십자형 평면에서 볼 때, 하나 이상의 방향들의 인접한 좁은 흐름 통로들(3)을 갖고, 여기서 흐름 통로들의 반대 벽들(3a, 3a')은 서로 상이한 전위들의 전극들(E)로서 구성된다.

Apparatus and method for fluid analysis

The present invention is an apparatus and method for analyzing a fluid used in a machine or in an industrial process line. The apparatus has at least one meter placed proximate the machine or process line and in contact with the machine or process fluid for measuring at least one parameter related to the fluid. The at least one parameter is a standard laboratory analysis parameter. The at least one meter includes but is not limited to viscometer, element meter, optical meter, particulate meter, and combinations thereof.

Hard particle concentration detecting method

Magnetic and counterpart members are immersed in a liquid which may include hard particles. At least one of the members is moved while pressed to the other member. The magnetic member is worn by hard particles in the liquid to produce magnetic particles in the liquid. A concentration of the magnetic particles produced is measured and is converted into a concentration of hard particles in the liquid on the basis of a calibration line representing a correlation measured in advance between the concentrations of the magnetic particles and of the hard particles in the liquid. Thus, the concentration of the hard particles in the liquid is detected.

OIL DEBRIS MONITOR VERIFICATION DRY RIG

An assembly includes a debris monitor mount, a motor, and a particle belt. The particle belt carries one or more metallic particles. The particle belt is driven by the motor. The particle belt extends proximate the debris monitor mount when driven by the motor.

VISCOSITY REDUCTION OF CRUDE OIL THROUGH STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF ASPHALTENE MOLECULE

Asphaltene may be effectively broken into smaller molecules by first elucidating the structure of the asphaltene and then developing a catalyst system based on the elucidated structure. The structure may be determined based on a series of analytical techniques including NMR, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and LDI. The most probable structure is determined using computational methods based on quantum mechanics and classical molecular dynamics and the catalyst system is developed for the most probable structure.

PARTICLE COUNTER AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

A particle counter and classification system and method wherein a first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem for the fluid is tuned to detect and determine the size of ferrous and/or conducting particles in the fluid above a predetermined size. A second stage magnetometer sensor subsystem for the fluid is tuned to detect the overall ferrous and/or conducting particle concentration in the fluid. A pump is configured to drive a volume of the fluid through the first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem and the second stage magnetometer sensor subsystem. A processing subsystem is responsive to the first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem, the second stage magnetometer sensor subsystem, and the pump. The processing subsystem is configured to count the number of ferrous and/or conducting particles above the predetermined size based on the output of the first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem and to determine and report the concentration of the ferrous and/or conducting particles above the predetermined ...

Systems and methods for monitoring gas turbine engines

Systems and methods for monitoring gas turbine engines are provided. In this regard, a representative method includes: monitoring lubrication oil at multiple locations of the gas turbine engine to detect a presence of debris in the oil; determining a characteristic of the debris in the oil; and correlating the characteristic of the debris with the location of detection to determine, while the gas turbine engine is operating, whether the engine is operating within predetermined limits. The system includes multiple debris capture devices (124,126) an oil debris monitor (122) and an oil analysis system (120).

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SIZING A CHIP IN ENGINE FLUID

Methods and systems of estimating a size of a chip (37) in engine fluid (26) of an engine (10) are provided. One method comprises detecting the chip (37) at a magnetic chip detector (28) immersed in the engine fluid (26), burning the chip (37) by Joule heating using a single delivery of electric current (I) through the chip (37) via the first and second terminals (36A, 36B) of the magnetic chip detector (28), determining an amount of energy consumed to burn the chip (37), and estimating the size of the chip (37) based on the amount of energy consumed to burn the chip (37).

СПОСОБ И КОМПЛЕКТ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДОЗИРОВКИ ИОНОВ ЖЕЛЕЗА В СМАЗЫВАЮЩИХ КОМПОЗИЦИЯХ

МАГНИТНАЯ ПРОБКА С ФУНКЦИЕЙ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИГНАЛИЗАЦИИ

... 1. Магнитная пробка (10, 110) с функцией сигнализации, предназначенная для установки в жидкостном контуре (14, 114) и имеющая первый магнитный электрод (26, 126) и второй магнитный электрод (28, 128), которые изолированы друг от друга и выполнены таким образом, чтобы в установленном положении магнитной пробки (10, 110) они соприкасались с жидкостью, протекающей в жидкостном контуре, для детектирования присутствия металлических частиц (16, 116) ферромагнитного типа, которые могут переноситься в потоке, отличающаяся тем, что дополнительно содержит предпочтительно немагнитный промежуточный электрод (38, 138), который расположен между первым и вторым магнитными электродами и который также выполнен таким образом, чтобы в установленном положении магнитной пробки (10, 110) он соприкасался с жидкостью, протекающей в жидкостном контуре, посредством чего упомянутая пробка (10, 110) предоставляет возможность обнаружения присутствия подобных металлических частиц на ранней стадии. ! 2. Магнитная пробка ...

Sensoreinheit, Fluidaggregat mit Sensoreinheit und Verfahren zur Messung von Parametern eines Fluids

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoreinheit S zur Messung von Parametern eines Fluids, insbesondere eines Hydraulikfluids H, in einem Fluidaggregat, insbesondere einem Hydraulikaggregat A, sowie ein Fluidaggregat mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinheit S und ein Verfahren zur Messung von Parametern eines Fluids in einem Fluidaggregat. Die Sensoreinheit S hat ein Kontaktmodul 1 und zwei Elektrodenpaare mit jeweils zwei Elektroden 2, wobei die Elektrodenpaare an das Kontaktmodul 1 angeschlossen sind und die Längsachsen der Elektrodenpaare im Wesentlichen senkrecht zueinander angeordnet sind. Dies ermöglicht kapazitive Füllstandsmessungen bei unterschiedlichen Ausrichtungen der Sensoreinheit S, ohne dass eine Anpassung der Sensorik notwendig wäre. Durch die zusätzliche Messung von anderen Parametern des Fluids mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lassen sich auf effiziente Weise Aussagen über die Qualität des Fluids treffen.

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Maschinendiagnose und insbesondere zur Getriebediagnose

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Maschinendiagnose und insbesondere zur Getriebediagnose für eine Maschine bzw. ein Kraftfahrzeug. Das erfindungsgemäße Messsystem beinhaltet eine auf einen Spulenkern (11) gewickelte Spule (2), auf deren Oberfläche sich die zu detektierende ferritischen Abriebpartikel (3) anlagern. Gegenüber der Spule (2) ist ein rotierendes Zahnrad (6) angeordnet, welches die Induktivität der Spule (2) beeinflusst. Das Ausgangssignal der Spule (2) weist Impulse mit gleichbleibender Amplitude auf, deren Frequenz von der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Zahnrades (6) abhängt. Abweichungen in der Amplitudenhöhe sind auf die Anlagerung von ferritischen Abriebpartikeln (3) an der Spule (2) zurückführbar und daher ein Maß für den Zustand der Maschine bzw. des Getriebes.

Cleaning of a 3D printed article

A method of cleaning an article 10 comprising internal channels comprises pumping a cleaning fluid through the internal channels containing particles having a different magnetic permeability to the fluid and detecting perturbation of a magnetic field caused by the particles. The magnetic field is preferably generated by means of an inductive coil and perturbation of the magnetic field is preferably detected as a change of voltage across the inductive coil. The method preferably includes filtering particles out of the fluid using a filter 18 after the detection step and passing the clean fluid back to an inlet of a pump 24 used for pumping the fluid. The method may also comprise attaching the article to a fluid circuit 22, placing the article on a stage 20 and vibrating the stage whilst the cleaning fluid is being pumped into and out of the article. The cleaning fluid may be water containing a detergent and an abrasive. The article may be a 3D printed heat exchanger and the particles may ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING PARTICLES IN A LIQUID MEDIUM

Method and apparatus for oil condition monitoring

A microfluidic system for monitoring lubricant oil condition, comprising a microfluidic device with at least one channel configured to allow a lubricant sample laminar flow through the channel, at least one separating device to separate at least one component from the oil and a detector to detect/measure at least one property of the removed component after separation. The channel may comprise a plurality of inlets and outlets a first to receive the oil and a second to receive a solvent. The separated component may be a metal, a carboxylic acid, an a-alkane insoluble and/or sulphur. The detector may comprise a spectrometer, camera, CCD device, conductivity sensor, capacitance sensor and/or a metal responsive to a chemical analyte, preferable a UV spectrometer. The separation device may be a magnet, a metal based sulphur removal device or preferably a diffusion extractor which may be a H-filter. Also included is a method of monitoring the condition of lubricant oil using such a microfluidic ...

Method and apparatus for oil condition monitoring

Detecting particles in a particle containing fluid

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR SEIZING PARTICLES IN A FLOWING LIQUID

PROCEDURE FOR THE STANDARDISATION OF THE BY OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY MEASURED INTENSITY OF A SPECTRUM

Ferrographic method and apparatus

Apparatus and method for detecting contamination of object by a metal

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LIMITING ACIDIC CORROSION AND CONTAMINATION IN FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS

A method and apparatus are provided for controlling a fuel delivery system to limit acidic corrosion. An exemplary control system includes a controller, at least one monitor, an output, and a remediation system. The monitor of the control system may collect and analyze data indicative of a corrosive environment in the fuel delivery system. The output of the control system may automatically warn an operator of the fueling station of the corrosive environment so that the operator can take preventative or corrective action. The remediation system of the control system may take at least one corrective action to remediate the corrosive environment in the fuel delivery system.

FERROMAGNETIC WEAR DETECTOR AND METHOD

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A detector for producing an electrical signal proportional to the concentration of ferromagnetic particulate material in a fluid stream comprises a sensing coil arranged to form -the inductance coil of and adapted to be connected to a radio frequency oscillator arranged to produce an electrical signal at a base frequency, a magnetic trap for producing a magnetic field and a support for supporting the sensing coil and the magnetic trap in juxtaposition to one another such that, when the coil is disposed within or proximate the fluid stream and electrically connected to the oscillator, energization of the magnetic trap causes ferromagnetic particulate material proximate the coil to be attracted toward the coil resulting in a deviation of the frequency of the signal from the base frequency proportional to the concentration of ferromagnetic particulate material in the fluid stream. The detector has particular utility in monitoring wear in machines employing a lubricating fluid for lubricating ferromagnetic components which produce ferromagnetic particulate wear debris during operation.

MONITORING OF RESIDUAL METALS IN PARAFFINIC FROTH TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND PROCESS CONTROL

Techniques provided herein relate to regulating at least one operating parameter of a paraffinic froth treatment (PFT) operation and controlling the quality of the produced bitumen in response to a determined concentration of at least one residual metal in a PFT process stream. Determination of the residual metal concentration is based on acquired NIR spectral measurements of the PFT process stream. Adjusting a solvent addition in the paraffinic froth treatment (PFT) operation can be for example performed in response to a difference between a determined concentration of at least one of vanadium and nickel and a concentration specification of the at least one of vanadium and nickel.

ANALYZING FLUIDS

A system and method of using the system for analyzing liquid samples obtain from viscous sources. The system includes a sample delivery system, a particle counter configured to receive a liquid sample from the liquid sample delivery system, a composition analyzer configured to receive the liquid sample from the particle counter, a feed system configured to draw the liquid sample through the particle counter and subsequently inject the liquid sample into the composition analyzer; and a processor to process and analyze data from the particle counter and composition analyzer.

IMPROVED METHOD FOR ON-LINE MONITORING OF LUBRICATING OIL USING LIGHT IN THE VISIBLE AND NEAR IR SPECTRA

Oil aging and particulate building in a lubricant other than one exposed to combustion products is monitored by detecting light transmitted through the lubricant at least one, and preferably, two or more preselected wavelengths over a pathlength greater than about 0.5 cm wherein one wavelength is in the near infra-red spectrum and/or one wavelength is in the visible or near infra- red spectrum. The detected light when compared to predetermined values provides an indication of the condition of the lubricant.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING CHIPS IN FLUID OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE

There is described herein methods and systems for detecting electrically-conductive particles (chips) in fluid of an aircraft engine. The method comprises applying a plurality of excitation currents l i across a magnetic chip detector mounted to a fluid system of the aircraft engine and measuring a corresponding plurality of resistance values R i, where i is an integer that varies from 1 to N, and where N corresponds to a number of different excitation currents applied across the magnetic chip detector. The method further comprises determining a chip size indication Y from the plurality of resistance values R i, and detecting a chip in the fluid when the chip size indication Y exceeds a threshold Y thres.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ANALYZING PARTICLES DEPOSITED ON A SUBSTRATE

An apparatus for analyzing particles collected from a fluid and deposited on a substrate along a given direction, the apparatus including holding structure for supporting the substrate; a radiation source for directing radiation toward the particles on the substrate; and a radiation detector for receiving radiation incident upon the particles on the substrate and for providing an output based on the concentration of the particles, the radiation detector being cooperative with the radiation source to output substantially continuous profile data indicative of the concentration of said particles along the given direction.

ON-SITE OIL ANALYZER

The on-site analyzer (10) includes a housing (14). The housing (14) contains an infrared spectrometer (18) and an optical emission spectrometer (24) for testing a sample (12) of oil. A conduit (32) by operation of a pump (40) draws the sample (12) into the conduit (32), and controllably moves the sample (12) to an infrared spectrometer (18) for testing, and subsequently to an optical emission spectrometer (24) for testing. The pump (40) and spectrometers (18, 24) are controlled by a computer (50) for complete automation of testing. The computer (50) performs analysis and diagnosis of the test results from the spectrometers (18, 24) based on sets of known and standard information.

DEBRIS MONITORING SYSTEM

A debris monitor apparatus and method and optical sensor apparatus and method that use the Faraday Effect to detect accumulation of debris on a magnetic probe. The probe contains a magnet and the optical sensor and is immersible in the fluid. As debris accumulates on the probe, the magnetic field change. The optical sensor includes a magneto-optic material located within a portion of the changeable magnetic field, preferably near a node of the magnet. Means are provided to bi-directionally address the sensor magneto-optic material with linearly polarized light. Means are also provided to convert rotation of the light polarization angle into a modulation of the light's intensity. An electro-optic transducer converts the light intensity into electrical signals that indicate the quantity of debris accumulation on the probe, with a differentiated value of these signals with respect to time yielding rate of debris accumulation on the probe. Means are provided to calculate a ratio defined by ...

IN-SITU OIL ANALYZER AND METHODS USING SAME, PARTICULARLY FOR CONTINUOUS ON-BOARD ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEMS

A method and apparatus for detecting the degree of deterioration of a lubricating oil for an operating machine includes a grid-like capacitive sensor (20) that uses the lubricating oil as a dielectric medium. A magnetic field is imposed upon the oil to attract ferromagnetic wear particles into t he vicinity of the sensor. Preferably, the magnetic field is generated by at least two independently controlled electromagnet windings (26, 28) aligned such that the magnetic field produced by each winding acts upon the wear particles. A plurality of capacitance measurements are taken at periodic intervals at each of several magnet operational states for respective classification and analysis. All windings may be simultaneously de-energized for release of captured particles back in to an oil circulation stream and t o clean the capacitative sensor grid of accumulated particulates.

DETECTING INSTRUMENT OF PARTICLES

FERROMAGNETIC WEAR DETECTOR AND METHOD OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF WEAR

PARTICLE SENSOR IN A FLUID IN A LUBRICATION SYSTEM

METAL GRAIN DETECTING SENSOR, METAL GRAIN DETECTING METHOD AND METAL GRAIN DETECTING APPARATUS

This invention relates to a metal grain detecting sensor (10) of a simple construction capable of in-line analyzing metal grains in a fluid and moreover estimating or detecting the number of grains of each size with a high accuracy, in which metal films (1) and insulating films (2) are laminated alternately, every other metal films (1) being parallel-connected to two lead wires (3a, 3b) so that a cross section of this laminate becomes a comb-shaped electrode. An end surface of the laminate constituting the sensor is immersed in a metal grain-containing fluid to detect the metal grains.

Method and apparatus for on-line monitoring of wear in machinery

The specification describes a method and an apparatus for detecting and quantitatively assessing wear of a machine having ferromagnetic components subjected to wear during operation resulting in the production of ferromagnetic particulate wear debris, and a lubrication system utilizing a lubricating fluid, in which the wear debris becomes entrained, for lubricating the components. The method comprises the steps of passing a sample stream of the lubricating fluid at a predetermined rate of flow axially through the core of an inductance coil of a sample oscillator for producing a time varying signal which deviates from a predetermined value in proportion to the mass of ferromagnetic material contained in the fluid passing through the core, monitoring the rate of change of signal and activating an indicator when the rate of change of the signal exceeds a predetermined level.

Method for the particle size independent spectrometric determination of metal particles in lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids

The degree of wear metal contamination in an oil is determined by treating a sample of the oil with a mixture of HF/HCl/nitric acid, diluting the oil/acid mixture with a solvent mixture consisting of a nonionic surfactant and a diluent, and spectrometrically analyzing the resulting diluted mixture. Severe wear in an oil wetted apparatus may be detected by directly analyzing spectrometrically a sample of the oil and comparing the results of such analysis with the results obtained according to the acid dissolution method described above.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO DETECT AND MEASURE MATERIALS IN OIL

An ion concentration measurement system is provided. The system includes an oil mixture comprising an oil potentially containing at least one ion and at least one photo-responsive chemical that changes optical properties in the presence of at least one ion in the oil mixture, photo-detector circuitry configured to receive an optical property from the oil mixture, electronic conversion circuitry configured to convert the optical property into a value representing an ion concentration in the oil mixture, and electronic transmission circuitry configured to transmit a signal or data indicating the value. A method of measuring concentrations of at least one ion in an oil mixture is provided, including receiving at least one optical property from at least one photo-responsive chemical, converting the at least one optical property into a value representing an ion concentration in the oil mixture, and transmitting a signal or data comprising the value. 1. An ion concentration measurement system , comprising: an oil potentially containing at least one ion; and', 'at least one photo-responsive chemical that changes optical properties in the presence of at least one ion in the oil mixture;, 'an oil mixture comprisingphoto-detector circuitry configured to receive at least one optical property from the oil mixture;electronic conversion circuitry configured to convert at least one optical property into a value representing an ion concentration in the oil mixture; andelectronic transmission circuitry configured to transmit a signal or data indicating the value.2. The ion concentration measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising a solid chemical in which the at least one photo-responsive chemical is attached claim 1 , wherein the solid chemical is attached to one or more mechanical structures.3. The ion concentration measurement system of claim 1 , further comprising an electromagnetic source of at least one wavelength that irradiates upon at least one photo-responsive ...

FACILITY AND METHOD FOR MONITORING THE VARIATION IN THE QUALITY OF A LUBRICANT

This installation for following up the evolution of the quality of a lubricant circulating in a piece of equipment includes a conduit for circulating the lubricant, this conduit connecting upstream equipment and a downstream recovery pan. The installation further includes a first controlled valve for interrupting lubricant circulation in the conduit, a buffer tank accumulating the lubricant, a first bypass line connected to the conduit, upstream from the first valve and to the buffer tank. The installation also includes a second controlled valve for interrupting the circulation of the lubricant in the first bypass line, a second line for discharging the lubricant, from the buffer tank to a recovery pan and a third controlled valve for interrupting the circulation of the lubricants in the second discharge line. A sensor allows determination of the dissolved iron content of an amount of lubricant contained in the buffer tank. 111-. (canceled)13. The installation according to claim 12 , wherein the sensor operates according to the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology.14. The installation according to claim 13 , wherein the sensor comprises:an emitter capable of emitting a laser beam towards an interface between the amount of lubricant contained in the buffer tank and an amount of air contained in the buffer tank,a receiver intended for receiving a beam emitted in return, from the interface.15. The installation according to claim 13 , wherein the sensor is installed in the upper portion of the buffer tank.16. The installation according to claim 12 , wherein it comprises at least one other sensor claim 12 , positioned on the second discharge line and capable of determining a physico-chemical parameter from the amount of lubricant contained in the buffer tank.17. The installation according to claim 16 , wherein the second sensor is selected from amonga sensor for measuring density, viscosity, humidity and temperature,a basicity index sensor.18. The installation ...

Engine Lubrication Oil Consumption and Condition Monitoring

The present invention pertains to a method of determining a lubrication oil condition of a stationary gas engine comprising the steps of retrieving a lubrication oil temperature information and retrieving a lubrication oil level information from a lubrication oil level sensor, wherein the lubrication oil level sensor is a capacitance sensor, and a step of normalizing a lubrication oil level information over the lubrication oil temperature information. 1. A method of determining a lubrication oil condition of a stationary gas engine , comprising the steps ofretrieving a lubrication oil temperature information andretrieving a lubrication oil level information from a lubrication oil level sensor, wherein the lubrication oil level sensor is a capacitance sensor,characterized by the step of normalizing the lubrication oil level information over the lubrication oil temperature information.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the lubrication oil temperature information is provided as an ETSI information which is retrieved from an ETSI look-up table claim 1 , preferably wherein the ETSI look-up table comprises an ETSI map which is populated based on a predetermined engine cooling circuit design.3. Method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of waiting until the lubrication oil temperature information reaches a predetermined temperature threshold after starting the engine.4. Method according to claim 3 , wherein the lubrication oil condition comprises a condition representing a lubrication oil consumption claim 3 , wherein the method further comprises the steps of:waiting for a counter to be active;storing at least one lubrication oil level information;determining a difference in lubrication oil level at a predetermined time interval and storing said difference; anddetermining the lubrication oil consumption by utilizing a predetermined lubrication oil correlation.5. Method according to claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , in the storing step claim 4 , the at least ...

DISTINGUISHING FLUIDS BASED UPON DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL IMAGE COLOR SPACE CHARACTERISTICS

A first series of images of a first fluid is received. A first set of fluid characteristics of the first fluid is determined from the first series of images. A second series of images of a second fluid is received. A second set of fluid characteristics of the second fluid is determined from the second series of images. A match is determined to be found between the first set of fluid characteristics and the second set of fluid characteristics. The second fluid is identified based upon determining that the first set of fluid characteristics matches the second set of fluid characteristics. 1. A method for verifying an authenticity of a fluid , comprising:receiving a first image of a first fluid;determining a first fluid characteristic of the first fluid from the first image;receiving a second image of a second fluid;determining a second fluid characteristic of the second fluid from the second image; andidentifying the second fluid responsive to determining that the first fluid characteristic matches the second fluid characteristic.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:training a machine learning classifier based upon the first fluid characteristic.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining that the match is found between the first fluid characteristic and the second fluid characteristic is based on the second fluid characteristic being processed by the machine learning classifier.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining that a match is found between the first fluid characteristic and the second fluid characteristic includes determining that the first fluid characteristic matches the second fluid characteristic within a predetermined threshold value.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid characteristic includes color space characteristic of the first fluid and the second fluid characteristic of the second fluid includes color space characteristic of the second fluid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the color space characteristic of the ...

Systems and methods for detection of mercury in hydrocarbon-containing fluids using optical analysis of slug flow

A method and system for detecting mercury in a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stores a sample of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid in a first reservoir. A liquid phase reagent solution is stored in a second reservoir. The liquid phase reagent solution includes nanoparticles with an affinity to mercury, wherein the nanoparticles are suspended as a colloid in the liquid phase reagent solution. The sample of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is delivered from the first reservoir into a first port of a fluidic device while the liquid phase reagent solution is delivered from the second reservoir into a second port of the fluidic device such that the fluidic device produces slug flow. The slug flow is subject to optical analysis that determines concentration of mercury in the sample of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING AN EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE OF AN ENGINE COMPONENT USING LUBRICATION FLUID ANALYSIS

Systems and methods are provided for determining an exposure temperature in an engine. One or more particles filtered from lubrication fluid of an engine may be analyzed. The chemical composition of filtered particles may be compared to reference data which includes a relationship between chemical composition and exposure temperature. An estimate of the exposure temperature may be determined. An output may be generated based on the exposure temperature. 1. A method for determining an exposure temperature in an engine , the method comprising:receiving input data representative of a chemical composition of a particle filtered from a lubrication fluid of the engine; comparing the chemical composition of the particle with reference data including a relationship between the chemical composition and the exposure temperature of the particle;', 'based on the comparing, determining the exposure temperature of the particle; and', 'generating an output based on the exposure temperature of the particle; and, 'using one or more data processorsperforming a maintenance action relative to the engine based on the output.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the relationship between the chemical composition and the exposure temperature of the particle is a function of alloy constituents in the particle.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition of the particle is by mass fraction.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle includes tin claim 1 , copper and lead and the relationship between the chemical composition and the exposure temperature is a function of an amount of lead in the chemical composition of the particle.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:obtaining a fluid sample from the engine; andfiltering the fluid sample to obtain the particle from the fluid sample.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the input data comprises obtaining the input data representative of the chemical composition for the particle using data acquisition equipment.7. The ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ANALYSING A BLEND OF TWO OR MORE HYDROCARBON FEED STREAMS

The invention relates to a method for analysing a blend of two or more hydrocarbon feed streams such as crude oils. These crude oils are blended in a facility such as a refinery. The method assesses the compatibility of a hydrocarbon feed in a blend to calculate the blend stability such that organic deposition is minimised The method uses all of a plurality of hydrocarbon feeds to be blended for analysis. The method either selects a neat hydrocarbon feed, from a plurality of the hydrocarbon feeds included in a blend, as a titrant, wherein the or each other hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon feed are used to make a pseudo-blend and titrating the pseudo-blend with said selected neat hydrocarbon feed for a plurality of different blend ratios. Alternatively the method involves preparing a reference hydrocarbon and making a blend from the plurality of hydrocarbon feeds and titrating the blend with the reference hydrocarbon. Measurements associated with the change in characteristics of the titrated blend are made and data recorded. The method then calculates, using said data, the stability of the blend. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for analysing a blend of two or more hydrocarbon feed streams for processing in a blending facility for assessing the compatibility of a hydrocarbon feed in a blend to calculate the blend stability for assessing organic deposition from said blend , the method including:using all of a plurality of hydrocarbon feeds to be blended for analysis;preparing a reference hydrocarbon and making a blend from the plurality of hydrocarbon feeds;titrating the blend with the reference hydrocarbon;measuring and recording data associated with the change in characteristics of the titrated blend; andcalculating, using said data, the stability of the blend.20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the plurality of hydrocarbon feeds selected for a blend claim 19 , and the titrations therefrom claim 19 , use discrete samples to simulate refinery storage and ...

Method

A kit and method for monitoring for the presence of catalyst fines in heavy fuel oil (HFO), including: a) providing a sample of HFO; b) mixing the HFO sample with a diluent composition comprising a non-polar solvent and with an aqueous reagent composition to provide a test sample, wherein the aqueous reagent composition comprises at least one water soluble inorganic salt and at least one water soluble base; c) allowing phase separation to occur in the test sample to provide an aqueous phase and an organic phase; and d) inspecting the aqueous phase of the test sample for the presence of catalyst fines. The diluent composition can consist of a non-polar solvent selected from mineral spirits, kerosene, naphtha, and heavy distillate and a phase transfer agent selected from tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and butanol. 1. A method for monitoring for the presence of catalyst fines in a heavy fuel oil (HFO) , said method comprising:a) providing a sample of HFO;b) mixing the HFO sample with a diluent composition comprising a non-polar solvent and with an aqueous reagent composition to provide a test sample, wherein the aqueous reagent composition comprises at least one water soluble inorganic salt and at least one water soluble base;c) allowing phase separation to occur in the test sample to provide an aqueous phase and an organic phase; andd) inspecting the aqueous phase of the test sample for the presence of catalyst fines.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water soluble inorganic salt is a nitrate salt claim 1 , a sulfate salt other than calcium sulfate claim 1 , a halide other than silver halide claim 1 , sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one water soluble inorganic salt is sodium chloride.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water soluble base is a hydroxide of a Group I or Group II metal.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the at ...

Oil debris monitoring (odm) using active valve configuration control

A gas turbine engine, a method, and a system for detecting oil debris are provided. The gas turbine engine includes an oil debris monitor sensor configured to detects oil debris in an oil flow, and generate a sensor signal based on the detected oil debris, a controller configured to control the oil flow through the oil debris monitor sensor using a plurality of valves, and a signal processor configured to receive the sensor signal from the oil debris monitor and to receive a valve system configuration from the controller, the signal processor further configured to generates a health indicator based on the sensor signal and valve configuration.

SYSTEMS, APPARATUSES, AND METHODS FOR FLUID ANALYSIS AND MONITORING

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for systems, apparatuses, and methods for real-time fluid analysis. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and real-time data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the real-time data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system that may receive and store the real-time data in a database and compare the real-time data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid. 1. A system for analyzing an oil , comprising:a sample chamber fluidically coupled to a source engine and configured to receive a portion of an oil circulating through the source engine;a laser optically coupled to the sample chamber and configured to generate and transmit a first electromagnetic radiation to the portion of the oil; anda Raman spectrometer optically coupled to the sample chamber and configured to detect a second electromagnetic radiation, emitted by the portion of the oil in response to the first electromagnetic radiation, and configured to generate a Raman spectrum from the second electromagnetic radiation.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a removable and replaceable cooling system that is configured to cool the portion of the oil.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor that is configured to detect the second electromagnetic radiation.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising: receiving a Raman spectrum from the Raman spectrometer; and', 'determining a condition of the oil based on the Raman spectrum., 'an analytical apparatus, including a processor circuit, which is configured to perform operations including5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the analytical apparatus further performs operations including: ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EVALUATION OF ENGINE CONDITION

There is described herein methods and systems for evaluating a condition of an engine. Fluid sample data obtained from an engine is received and weights are assigned to different data sets of the fluid sample data. The data sets correspond to one or more classes of materials into which particles of the fluid sample are sorted. A characterizing sample signature of the engine is generated based on the data sets. The sample signature is compared to a plurality of reference signatures obtained from reference engines belonging to a common family with the engine. A selection is made from the reference engines for those having a difference between a corresponding signature and the sample signature below a threshold. Historical engine data of the selected reference engines is output as a basis for evaluating the condition of the engine. 1. A method for evaluating a condition of an engine , the method comprising:receiving fluid sample data of a fluid sample obtained from a first engine;assigning weights to data sets of the fluid sample data, the data sets corresponding to one or more classes of materials into which particles of the fluid sample are sorted;generating a sample signature of the first engine based on the data sets, the sample signature characterizing the first engine as a function of the fluid sample;comparing the sample signature to a plurality of reference signatures obtained from reference engines belonging to a common family with the first engine;selecting ones of the reference engines for which a difference between a corresponding reference signature and the sample signature is below a threshold; andoutputting historical engine data of the selected ones of the reference engines as a basis for evaluating the condition of the first engine.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein assigning weights to data sets comprises assigning a total weight to each data set claim 1 , the total weight composed of a predetermined weight and a variable weight.3. The method of claim ...

MAGNETIC CHIP DETECTOR

Magnetic chip detectors for detecting magnetic chips in a lubrication fluid are provided. The chip detector includes a first electric terminal, a second electric terminal and a magnet. The second electric terminal is spaced apart from the first electric terminal to define a gap between the first and second electric terminals. The gap exposes a cavity formed in the magnet for collecting magnetic chips. The cavity accommodates the accumulation of smaller and relatively harmless magnetic chips without triggering an alarm to reduce the occurrence of nuisance alarms. 1. A magnetic chip detector comprising:a first electric terminal;a second electric terminal spaced apart from the first electric terminal to define a gap therebetween, the gap having a width between the first and second electric terminals and a depth between a first side and a second side of the gap, the first side of the gap defining an opening for establishing fluid communication between the gap and an ambient environment; anda magnet disposed outside of the gap and adjacent the second side of the gap, the magnet including a recess defining a cavity in fluid communication with the gap to collect one or more magnetic chips that have entered the gap via the opening.2. The magnetic chip detector of claim 1 , wherein the gap and the cavity extend substantially completely around an axis.3. The magnetic chip detector of claim 2 , wherein the first and second electric terminals are axially spaced apart relative to the axis.4. The magnetic chip detector of claim 3 , wherein:the cavity is in substantial axial alignment with the gap; andthe cavity is adjacent the gap.5. The magnetic chip detector of claim 4 , wherein:the recess includes a groove; anda width of the groove is substantially equal to the width of the gap.6. The magnetic chip detector of claim 1 , wherein:the first electric terminal defines a first receptacle in which a first portion of the magnet is received; andthe second electric terminal defines a ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FAILURE PREDICTION USING LUBRICATING FLUID ANALYSIS

Methods and systems for failure prediction using analysis of oil or other lubricant. Raw data about feature(s) of each of a plurality of particles filtered from a fluid sample are used to categorize each particle into one of a plurality of categories, each category being defined by one or more of: chemical composition, size and morphology. Particle physical characteristics in each category are quantified to obtain a set of categorized data. The categorized data are compared with historical data. Results of the comparing are evaluated to generate a prediction of any failure or mechanism of failure. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method for generating a failure prediction for an engine of an engine type , the method comprising:receiving filtered particles filtered from lubricating fluid of the engine;using X-ray spectroscopy, analyzing the filtered particles and producing raw data relating to the filtered particles, the raw data including chemical compositions of individual filtered particles; categorizing the individual filtered particles into categories to generate categorized data, at least one of the categories being a chemical composition category;', 'comparing the categorized data with historical data associated with the engine type;', 'generating the failure prediction based on the comparison and a number of particles in the chemical composition category, the failure prediction being indicative of one or both of the following: when the engine is expected to fail and a mechanism of failure of the engine; and', 'generating an output indicative of the failure prediction., 'using one or more processors and the raw data22. The method of claim 21 , wherein:the raw data includes sizes and morphologies of individual filtered particles; andthe failure prediction is based on the sizes and morphologies of individual filtered particles.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the filtered particles include particles smaller than 30 μm in diameter.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein ...

LOW LEVEL WATER SENSOR AND METHOD OF USE

A low level water sensor and method of use in, e.g., mitigating acidic corrosion in a fuel storage tank is disclosed.

Fluid analysis and monitoring using optical spectrometry

Systems, methods, and computer-program products for fluid analysis and monitoring are disclosed. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system to receive and store the data in a database and compare the data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid. Fluid conditions may be determined using machine learning models that are generated from well-characterized known training data. Predicted fluid conditions may then be used to automatically implement control processes for an operating machine containing the fluid.

FLUID SENSOR ASSEMBLY

A fluid sensor assembly includes a body including a fluid passage, a first sensor connected to the body and directed toward the fluid passage, and a second sensor connected to the body and directed toward the fluid passage. At least one of the first sensor and the second sensor may be configured to transmit a signal into the fluid passage. At least one of the first sensor and the second sensor may be configured to receive at least a deflected version of the signal. The signal may include an ultrasonic pulse. The first sensor may include a focused transmitting transducer and the second sensor may include a non-focused receiving transducer. The fluid passage may include a longitudinal axis and the first sensor may be disposed at an oblique angle relative to the longitudinal axis. 1. A fluid sensor assembly , comprising:a body including a fluid passage;a first sensor connected to the body and directed toward the fluid passage; anda second sensor connected to the body and directed toward the fluid passage;wherein at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor is configured to transmit a signal into the fluid passage, and at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor is configured to receive at least a deflected version of the signal.2. The fluid sensor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the signal includes an ultrasonic signal.3. The fluid sensor assembly of claim 2 , wherein the ultrasonic signal includes a pulse.4. The fluid sensor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor includes a focused transmitting transducer and the second sensor includes a non-focused receiving transducer.5. The fluid sensor assembly of claim 1 , wherein the fluid passage includes a longitudinal axis and the first sensor is disposed at an oblique angle relative to the longitudinal axis.6. The fluid sensor assembly of claim 5 , wherein the oblique angle is between about 40 degrees and 50 degrees.7. The fluid sensor assembly of claim 5 , wherein the oblique angle is between ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FAILURE PREDICTION USING LUBRICATING FLUID ANALYSIS

Methods and systems for failure prediction using analysis of oil or other lubricant. Raw data about feature(s) of each of a plurality of particles filtered from a fluid sample are used to categorize each particle into one of a plurality of categories, each category being defined by one or more of: chemical composition, size and morphology. Particle physical characteristics in each category are quantified to obtain a set of categorized data. The categorized data are compared with historical data. Results of the comparing are evaluated to generate a prediction of any failure or mechanism of failure. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method for generating a failure prediction for an engine of an engine type , the method comprising:receiving a sample of lubricant fluid collected from the engine, the sample of lubricant fluid having particles suspended therein;filtering out a plurality of the particles from the sample of lubricant fluid;using X-ray spectroscopy, analyzing the filtered particles and producing raw data about the filtered particles, the raw data including chemical compositions of individual filtered particles; categorizing individual particles into categories to generate categorized data, at least one category being defined by a chemical composition zone within a three-chemical-element system;', 'comparing the categorized data with historical data associated with the engine type;', 'generating a failure prediction based on the comparison and predefined rules, the failure predication being indicative of one or both of the following: when the engine is expected to fail and a mechanism of failure of the engine; and', 'generating an output indicative of the failure prediction., 'using one or more processors and the raw data22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the raw data includes sizes and morphologies of individual filtered particles.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the filtered particles include particles smaller than about 30 μm in diameter.24. The method of claim ...

WIRING STRUCTURE, CONDUCTIVE PARTICLE DETECTING DEVICE, AND SPEED REDUCER

A wiring structure includes a wiring such as a flexible printed wiring board, a permanent magnet, and a relay piece. The wiring has a conductive portion. The permanent magnet has electrical conductivity. The relay piece is formed of a conductive metal and connected to the conductive portion of the wiring. The relay piece has the permanent magnet fixed thereto by magnetic attraction. 1. A wiring structure comprising:a permanent magnet having electrical conductivity;a wiring having a conductive portion; anda relay piece made of a metal magnetic material, the relay piece being connected to the conductive portion, the permanent magnet being fixed to the relay piece by magnetic attraction.2. The wiring structure of claim 1 , wherein the wiring is formed of a flexible printed wiring board.3. The wiring structure of claim 1 , wherein the relay piece and the permanent magnet are connected by a conductive adhesive.4. A conductive particle detecting device claim 1 , comprising:a plurality of permanent magnets having electrical conductivity and spaced apart from each other;a detecting circuit board for detecting conductive particles attracted between adjacent ones of the plurality of permanent magnets, based on electrical resistance between the adjacent ones of the plurality of permanent magnets;a flexible printed wiring board electrically connecting the detecting circuit board and the plurality of permanent magnets; anda plurality of relay pieces connected to conductive portions of the flexible printed wiring board,wherein the plurality of relay pieces are made of a metal magnetic material, andwherein the plurality of permanent magnets are fixed to the plurality of relay pieces, respectively, by magnetic attraction.5. The conductive particle detecting device of claim 4 , wherein the conductive portions and the plurality of relay pieces are connected by solder.6. The conductive particle detecting device of claim 4 , wherein the conductive portions and the plurality of relay ...

CONDUCTIVE PARTICLE DETECTING DEVICE AND MECHANICAL DEVICE

A conductive particle detecting device includes a plurality of electrodes, a permanent magnet, and a detecting circuit. The plurality of electrodes are arranged at intervals in a lubricant. The permanent magnet accumulates conductive particles in the lubricant between adjacent electrodes by a magnetic force. The detecting circuit detects target conductive particles based on electrical resistance between the adjacent electrodes. An attractive force of the permanent magnet acting on the conductive particles between the adjacent electrodes is set such that the lubricant remains as a non-conductive layer around fine-sized conductive particles having a smaller particle size than the target conductive particles. 1. A conductive particle detecting device , comprising:a plurality of electrodes arranged at intervals in a non-conductive lubricant;a permanent magnet for accumulating conductive particles between adjacent ones of the plurality of electrodes by a magnetic force, the conductive particles being a detection target mixing into the lubricant; anda detecting circuit for detecting the conductive particles based on electrical resistance between the adjacent ones of the plurality of electrodes,wherein an attractive force of the permanent magnet is set such that the lubricant remains as a non-conductive layer around fine particles having electrical conductivity and having a smaller particle size than the conductive particles.2. The conductive particle detecting device of claim 1 ,wherein the conductive particles have a particle size of 10 μm or larger, andwherein the fine particles have a particle size of less than 10 μm.3. The conductive particle detecting device of claim 2 , wherein the fine particles have a particle size of less than 2 μm.4. The conductive particle detecting device of claim 1 ,wherein each of the plurality of electrodes has a primary surface to which the fine particles are adhered, andwherein each of the plurality of electrodes includes a projection ...

Sensor

A sensor relating to one aspect of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode arranged relative to the first electrode with a gap being provided therebetween, a sensor body having the first and second electrodes arranged therein, and a catching portion arranged in the gap and having an outer peripheral surface made of an insulating material. Electric connection is established along the outer peripheral surface via conductive particles gathering to the catching portion.

Multi-passage oil debris monitor to increase detection capability in high oil flow systems

An oil debris monitoring sensor includes a multiple of passages within the housing, each of the multiple of passages surrounded by a set of coils to detect a particle. A method for determining a presence of a particle in a system includes a) installing a single sensor in-line with an oil flow path; b) communicating oil through a multiple of passages within the housing of the single sensor; c) detecting a particle through the single sensor; and d) isolating the particle to one of the multiple of passages within the sensor housing.

Distinguishing fluids based upon determination and analysis of digital image color space characteristics

A first series of images of a first fluid is received. A first set of fluid characteristics of the first fluid is determined from the first series of images. A second series of images of a second fluid is received. A second set of fluid characteristics of the second fluid is determined from the second series of images. A match is determined to be found between the first set of fluid characteristics and the second set of fluid characteristics. The second fluid is identified based upon determining that the first set of fluid characteristics matches the second set of fluid characteristics.

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF LUBRICATING CONSUMERS TO BE MONITORED VIA THEIR LUBRICANT

A method involves directing lubricant to different consumers which are to be monitored via their lubricant. The lubricant is drained through drain lines connected to the consumers and directed to a tank. At least some the lubricant in the drain lines or the consumers is extracted into extraction lines. Flow from the extraction lines is selectively directed to a measurement device, which then measures a characteristic of the lubricant. A system for carrying out such a method is also provided, wherein the system includes a multiplexer for selectively directing flow from the extraction lines. 120.-. (canceled)21. A wind turbine power transmission system having different consumers of lubrication to be monitored via their lubricant , the power transmission system including a lubrication system , the lubrication system comprising:a tank;drain lines configured to receive lubricant from the different consumers, the drain lines being connected to the tank;extraction lines connected to the drain lines or the consumers;a multiplexer connected to the extraction lines, the multiplexer having an output line and being configured to selectively direct flow from the extraction lines to the output line;a measurement device connected to the output line, the measurement device being configured to measure a characteristic of the lubricant in the output line, wherein the measurement device includes a particle counter configured to detect particles in the lubricant received from the multiplexer and a particle collector connected to the particle counter and configured to gather particles greater than a predetermined minimum size detected by the particle counter; anda pump connected to the output line, the pump being configured to draw lubricant through the multiplexer.22. The wind turbine power transmission system of claim 21 , wherein the multiplexer comprises a valve arrangement in which respective valves are associated with the extraction lines and a controller for selectively opening ...

MEMS IMPLEMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF WEAR METALS

This invention relates to analyzing elements, including metals in mechanical systems. The invention therefore allows for detecting wear elements, such as metals, for example, in lubricants to determine whether the mechanical system is deteriorating, or even approaching failure. The invention relates to an integrated micro-electromechanical (MEMS) apparatus, and methods for using this apparatus. 1. An integrated micro-electromechanical (MEMS) breakdown spectroscopy apparatus for detecting a wear element in a liquid , the apparatus comprising:a. a MEMS substrate form factor;b. a breakdown means integrated with the MEMS substrate form factor;c. means to generate a plasma;d. a spectrometer configured to measure a spectrum of light emitted by the plasma and produce data regarding the wear element; ande. electronics for transmitting the data regarding the wear element.2. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the breakdown means is laser induced breakdown.3. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the breakdown means is spark induced breakdown.4. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spectrometer is a selective arrayed waveguide spectrometer.5. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spectrometer is a Czerny-Turner (CT) spectrometer.6. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the liquid is an oil-based lubricant.7. The integrate MEMS apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the laser is an IR laser.8. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the laser is a sub-nanosecond pulse laser.9. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the form factor is between about 30 cmand about 100 cm.10. The integrated MEMS apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the oil-based lubricant is selected from the group consisting of:a. an automotive lubricant;b. a marine lubricant;c. an aircraft lubricant;d. an industrial device lubricant;e. a compressor lubricant; andf. a wind turbine lubricant.11. The integrated MEMS apparatus of ...

Analyzing Fluids

A system and method of using the system for analyzing liquid samples obtain from viscous sources. The system includes a sample delivery system, a particle counter configured to receive a liquid sample from the liquid sample delivery system, a composition analyzer configured to receive the liquid sample from the particle counter, a feed system configured to draw the liquid sample through the particle counter and subsequently inject the liquid sample into the composition analyzer; and a processor to process and analyze data from the particle counter and composition analyzer. 1. A system for analyzing a liquid sample , the system comprising:a liquid sample delivery system;a particle counter configured to receive a liquid sample from the liquid sample delivery system;a composition analyzer configured to receive the liquid sample from the particle counter;a feed system configured to draw the liquid sample through the particle counter and subsequently inject the liquid sample into the composition analyzer; anda processor to process and analyze data from the particle counter and composition analyzer.2. The system of wherein the feed system comprises a syringe and the liquid sample is pulled through the particle counter via the syringe.3. The system of wherein the feed system is configured to inject the liquid sample into the composition analyzer.4. The system of wherein the feed system further comprises a pump and a carrier source claim 3 , wherein the pump is configured to combine the liquid sample with a carrier prior to injecting into the composition analyzer.5. The system of wherein the pump is a peristaltic pump.6. The system of wherein the composition analyzer is an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry device (ICP-OES).76. The system of wherein the liquid sample is injected into a nebulizer of the ICP-OES.8. The system of further comprising a liquid sample preparation device configured to dilute a viscous source sample to form the liquid sample.9. ...

METHODS AND DEVICES FOR MONITORING MACHINE FLUIDS

A device for measuring fluid parameters may be modular or integrally formed. The device is positioned on a machine that includes one or more fluids to be monitored, and the device includes a (1) controller, (2) spacer that connects to a power source and that may include one or more connectors to connect to remote sensors, and (3) an optional manifold through which the fluid may pass. The manifold could include fluid sensors and/or be connectable to a sample bottle for the purpose of taking fluid samples. 1. A device mounted to a machine for monitoring one or more fluid parameters of the machine , wherein the device comprises:(a) a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA);(b) a spacer that includes a power connector having a first end configured to be connected to an external power source, and a second end, and(c) a wire having a first end connected to the second end of the power connector and a second end connected to the PCBA.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the PCBA is positioned at least partially in a cover that is attached to the spacer.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the spacer has a top and a bottom and the cover is attached to the top of the spacer.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the spacer includes a cavity and the PCBA is positioned partially in the spacer cavity.5. The device of claim 2 , wherein the cover and spacer are integrally formed.6. The device of claim 2 , wherein the cover and spacer are separate components.7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the spacer has a top lip and a keyway in the top lip claim 6 , and the cover has a projection configured to fit into the keyway so as to properly align the cover on the spacer.8. The device of claim 6 , wherein the top lip of the spacer further comprises a groove and an o-ring received in the groove claim 6 , wherein the o-ring has a thickness sufficient for it to extend outside of the groove.9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the cover has an inner annular surface that presses against the o-ring when ...

REMOVING MERCURY FROM CRUDE OIL

Methods, systems and designs are provided for removing mercury from crudes. Crude oil is heated to a temperature above 100° C. and held at that temperature for a specified period of time to convert all of the forms of mercury in the oil into the elemental mercury form. The elemental mercury is then stripped from the crude oil by e.g., flashing the hot oil and/or contacting it with a gas phase. This process transfers the elemental mercury from the oil phase into the gas phase. Elemental mercury can then be removed from the gas phase by methods such as condensation, precipitation, or absorption either alone or in combination. 1. A method of removing mercury from crude oil , comprisinga) heating crude oil comprising mercury in various forms to at least 100° C. and less than 350° C. until at least 95% of the mercury in various forms is converted to elemental mercury;b) converting the elemental mercury to gaseous elemental mercury; andc) removing the gaseous elemental mercury.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating is at 100° C.-300° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating is at 150° C.-300° C.4. The method of claim 1 , where said converting step is by flashing.5. The method of claim 1 , where said converting step is by gas stripping.6. The method of claim 1 , where said removing step is by condensation claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , or absorption claim 1 , adsorption claim 1 , or combinations thereof.7. An improved method of removing mercury from crude oil claim 1 , the method comprising contacting a liquid hydrocarbon stream having mercury contaminants with a gas stream to thereby form a treated liquid stream and a mercury rich gas stream claim 1 , wherein the improvement comprises first heating liquid hydrocarbon stream having mercury contaminants at 100-350° C. until 95% of said mercury contaminants are converted to elemental mercury.8. The improved method of claim 7 , wherein said gas stream is nitrogen claim 7 , methane claim 7 , ethane claim 7 ...

Fluorescence Based Global Fuel Analysis Method

A method of fuel analysis comprising subjecting a fuel sample comprising a fuel marker and a fuel matrix to fluorescence spectroscopy to generate a measured emission spectrum comprising a first spectral component (type and amount of marker in sample), a second spectral component (spectral perturbation), and a third spectral component (matrix fluorescence); deconvoluting the measured emission spectrum to yield a deconvoluted measured emission spectrum (first and second spectral components) via removal of third spectral component; decoupling the deconvoluted measured emission spectrum to yield a corrected emission spectrum (first spectral component) via a projection function which orthogonally projects the deconvoluted measured emission spectrum onto a subspace devoid of the second spectral component; and determining the amount of fuel marker in the fuel sample from the corrected emission spectrum. The method of fuel analysis comprises temperature corrections. 1. A method of fuel analysis comprising:(a) subjecting a fuel sample to fluorescence spectroscopy to generate a measured emission spectrum, wherein the fuel comprises a fuel marker and a fuel matrix, and wherein the measured emission spectrum comprises a first spectral component corresponding to type and amount of fuel marker in the fuel sample, a second spectral component corresponding to a spectral perturbation, and a third spectral component corresponding to fuel matrix fluorescence;(b) deconvoluting the measured emission spectrum to yield a deconvoluted measured emission spectrum, wherein deconvoluting the measured emission spectrum comprises the removal of the third spectral component from the measured emission spectrum to yield the deconvoluted measured emission spectrum, and wherein the deconvoluted measured emission spectrum comprises the first spectral component and the second spectral component;(c) decoupling the deconvoluted measured emission spectrum to yield a corrected emission spectrum via a ...

WEARING MONITORING DEVICE FOR MOTION GUIDE DEVICE

A motion guide device includes a movable member attached onto an elongated member for forming a ball guiding passage and for receiving ball bearing members between the elongated member and the movable member, a detecting device includes a magnetic member and an insulated tube engaged into a hole of the movable member, and a warning device is coupled between the movable member and the magnetic member for generating a warning signal when the movable member and the magnetic member are electrically connected together with worn particles and for allowing the user to examine and to repair the motion guide device or the ball screw device when required. 1. A motion guide device comprising:an elongated member including a groove formed on an outer peripheral surface thereof,a movable member including a bore formed therein for receiving said elongated member and for movably attaching onto said elongated member, and said movable member including a groove formed therein and aligned with said groove of said elongated member for forming a ball guiding passage between said elongated member and said movable member, and said movable member including a hole formed therein,a plurality of ball bearing members disposed in said ball guiding passage that is formed between said elongated member and said movable member for facilitating a sliding movement between said elongated member and said movable member,a detecting device including a magnetic member engaged into said hole of said movable member, and an insulated tube engaged into said hole of said movable member and engaged between said movable member and said magnetic member for spacing said movable member and said magnetic member from each other, anda warning device coupled between said movable member and said magnetic member for selectively generating a warning signal when said movable member and said magnetic member are selectively and electrically connected together with worn particles.2. The motion guide device as claimed in claim ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FAILURE PREDICTION USING LUBRICATING FLUID ANALYSIS

Methods and systems for failure prediction using analysis of oil or other lubricant. Raw data about feature(s) of each of a plurality of particles filtered from a fluid sample are used to categorize each particle into one of a plurality of categories, each category being defined by one or more of: chemical composition, size and morphology. Particle physical characteristics in each category are quantified to obtain a set of categorized data. The categorized data are compared with historical data. Results of the comparing are evaluated to generate a prediction of any failure or mechanism of failure. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for generating a failure prediction for an engine of an engine type , the method comprising:receiving filtered particles filtered from lubricating fluid of the engine;using X-ray spectroscopy, analyzing the filtered particles and producing raw data relating to the filtered particles, the raw data including chemical compositions of individual filtered particles; categorizing individual particles into categories to generate categorized data, at least one category being defined by a chemical composition zone within a three-chemical-element system;', 'comparing the categorized data with historical data associated with the engine type;', 'generating the failure prediction based on the comparison and predefined rules, the failure predication being indicative of one or both of the following: when the engine is expected to fail and a mechanism of failure of the engine; and', 'generating an output indicative of the failure prediction., 'using one or more processors and the raw data22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the raw data includes sizes and morphologies of individual filtered particles.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the filtered particles include particles smaller than about 30 μm in diameter.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein the filtered particles include particles having a size between 0.5 μm and 1600 μm in diameter.25. The method of ...

Systems and methods for reliably detecting wear metal particles in lubrication systems to avoid progressive damage

Systems and apparatuses relate to a system comprising a controller comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: determining a concentration of a plurality of wear metal particles in a lubricant for an engine system; determining a confidence parameter regarding the concentration determination; determining a filtered concentration of the plurality of wear metal particles using a baseline concentration of the plurality of wear metal particles; setting a diagnostic threshold for the plurality of wear metal particles based on the confidence parameter; and, responsive to determining that the diagnostic threshold is exceeded, providing a notification.

CLEANING OF A 3D PRINTED ARTICLE

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for cleaning a 3D printed article, in particular a 3D printed heat exchanger. After 3D printing, an article may have internal passages formed from bonded powder and said passages may contain unbonded powder that needs to be removed before further use of/processing of the article. To remove this unbonded powder, the article is filled with a cleaning fluid and vibrated. The cleaning fluid is then pumped out of the article and past a sensor that generates a magnetic field. The sensor detects the presence of powder particles in the fluid by detecting a perturbation of the magnetic field caused by said particles. The fluid is then filtered and returned to a reservoir for use. The sensor may indicate the article is sufficiently clean when a detected concentration of particles in the fluid drops below a threshold. 1. An apparatus for cleaning an article comprising internal channels , the apparatus comprising:a pump configured to pump cleaning fluid through the internal channels to thereby remove particles from the internal channels into the fluid; anda sensor arranged to generate a magnetic field;wherein the apparatus is configured to detect, in fluid being pumped past the sensor, the presence of particles in the fluid having a different magnetic permeability than the fluid, by detecting perturbation of the magnetic field caused by the particles.2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a fluid circuit including the pump claim 1 , wherein the pump defines an upstream position of the fluid circuit and is configured to pump a fluid through the circuit;wherein the fluid circuit comprises a connection downstream of the pump, the connection being configured to fluidly attach to an article comprising internal passages; andwherein the sensor is located downstream of the connection.3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to determine a density or concentration of particles ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OIL CONDITION MONITORING

The invention provides a microfluidic system for monitoring the condition of lubricating oil. The microfluidic system comprises a microfluidic device with at least one microchannel () configured to allow a sample of lubricating oil () to pass therethrough as a laminar flow. The device has at least one separating device () configured to selectively separate at least one component () from the lubricating oil () in the fluid flow. The microfluidic system also comprises a detector device () configured to detect the presence and/or measure at least one property of the at least one component passing through the microfluidic device after separation in the microchannel (). 1. A microfluidic system for monitoring the condition of lubricating oil comprising:a microfluidic device comprising at least one microchannel configured to allow a sample of lubricating oil to pass therethrough as a laminar flow; and aat least one separating device configured to selectively separate at least one component from the lubricating oil in the fluid flow; wherein the microfluidic system comprises a detector device configured to detect the presence and/or measure at least one property of the at least one component passing through the microfluidic device after separation in the microchannel.2. The microfluidic system according to wherein the at least one microchannel comprises a plurality of inlets and outlets wherein a first inlet is configured to receive an oil sample and/or a second inlet is configured to receive a solvent.3. The microfluidic system according to wherein the at least one component from the lubricating oil is selected from the group consisting of metals claim 1 , carboxylic acid claim 1 , n-alkane insolubles and/or sulphur.4. The microfluidic system according to wherein the detector device is located in claim 1 , on claim 1 , above claim 1 , below or adjacent to the at least one microchannel.5. The microfluidic system according to comprising at least one observation site.6. The ...

FLUID ANALYSIS AND MONITORING USING OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY

Systems, methods, and computer-program products for fluid analysis and monitoring are disclosed. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system to receive and store the data in a database and compare the data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid. Fluid conditions may be determined using machine learning models that are generated from well-characterized known training data. Predicted fluid conditions may then be used to automatically implement control processes for an operating machine containing the fluid. 1. A processor implemented method of controlling a Raman sub-sampling system , the method comprising: providing one of a plurality of power values to an excitation source that generates radiation with a corresponding intensity;', 'receiving a signal from a detection system representing radiation scattered/emitted from a sample in response to the sample having received radiation from the excitation source;', 'determining a metric for the received signal;, 'performing, by a processor circuit, a plurality of spectroscopic measurements, each spectroscopic measurement comprisingdetermining an optimum power value corresponding to a value of the metric indicating a highest quality signal; andperforming a Raman spectroscopy measurement on the sample using radiation generated by providing the optimum power value to the excitation source, to thereby generate a Raman spectrum for the sample.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:performing the plurality of spectroscopic measurements using increasing values of power provided to the excitation source starting from a baseline power level.3. The ...

PROCESS FOR CALIBRATING A SENSOR, AUTOMATED METHOD FOR ONLINE MONITORING OF THE CHANGES TO A LIQUID BODY AND ASSOCIATED SENSOR

A sensor for determining the overall content of a pre-determined chemical element in a liquid body uses X-ray fluorescence technology and includes an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, and a cell intended to contain a sample of lubricant to be analyzed, and is provided with a wall forming a window for passage of X-rays, the wall of the sensor cell being produced from polyethylene terephthalate, the cell also including a casing defining an internal volume for receiving the sample. A procedure for calibrating the sensor, and an automated method for online monitoring are also described and claimed. 1. A process for calibrating a sensor for determining the content of a predetermined chemical element in a liquid body , said sensor using x-ray fluorescence technology and comprising an x-ray source , an x-ray detector and a cell intended to contain a sample of liquid body to be analyzed , said cell in turn including a casing that defines an internal volume for receiving the sample , wherein the process includes at least the following steps:a) establishing a first secondary x-ray spectrum comprising energy levels corresponding to the components of the material of the casing;b) operating the sensor, while the internal volume of the casing does not contain a sample of the liquid body and establishing a second secondary x-ray spectrum;c) modifying the second spectrum, using the first spectrum as a base spectrum, for aligning the notable energy levels of the second spectrum on those of the first spectrum; andd) recording the modified second spectrum as reference spectrum for the sensor.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during step b) claim 1 , the internal volume of the casing exclusively contains a gas or a gaseous mixture claim 1 , inert with respect to the x-rays claim 1 , in particular air.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the casing is made from metal and the notable energy levels of the first reference spectrum comprise energy levels of ...

Detecting composition of a sample based on thermal properties

The invention relates to detecting a composition of a sample or contamination in liquids by detecting corresponding changes in their thermal properties. In a disclosed arrangement, an apparatus is provided comprising a first probe element configured to provide a first surface in direct contact with the sample and a second surface that is not in direct contact with the sample. A measurement system measures a rate of heat transfer through the first surface. A processing unit analyses the measured rate of heat transfer in order to detect a heat transfer characteristic of the sample that is indicative of a composition of the sample.

Decision Of Faulty Bearing

There is provided mechanisms for deciding whether a bearing is faulty or not. A method is performed by a controller. The method comprises obtaining, as a measurement signal, metal particles counting data, where the metal particles counting data indicates number of metal particles present in lubrication oil of the bearing per time unit. The method comprises differentiating the measurement signal, resulting in a differentiated measurement signal. The method comprises deciding, depending on how large share of a probability density estimate of the differentiated measurement signal is above a threshold value, whether the bearing is faulty or not. 1. A method for deciding whether a bearing is faulty or not , the method being performed by a controller , the method comprising:obtaining, as a measurement signal, metal particles counting data, where the metal particles counting data indicates number of metal particles present in lubrication oil of the bearing per time unit;differentiating the measurement signal, resulting in a differentiated measurement signal; anddeciding, depending on how large share of a probability density estimate of the differentiated measurement signal is above a threshold value, whether the bearing is faulty or not.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:applying a sliding window to the differentiated measurement signal, resulting in vectors of windowed differentiated measurement signals.4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising:obtaining one probability density estimate of the differentiated measurement signal per vector of the of windowed differentiated measurement signal,wherein said deciding is performed for each probability density estimate such that one decision whether the bearing is faulty or not is made per each probability density estimate.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the probability density estimate of the differentiated measurement signal is represented by a histogram of the differentiated ...

Syntactic Foams as Mechanically-Triggered Capture Vehicles

Syntactic foams are materials including hollow microspheres distributed throughout a cured polymeric resin. Hollow microspheres within syntactic foams, including collapsible shells that enclose empty cavities, can serve as receptacles to capture environmental constituents upon applied temperature and pressure. An epoxy formulation including of EPON™ 828, HELOXY™ 61, and TETA was combined with hollow glass microspheres with isostatic crush strengths of 300, 3000, and 10,000 psi. Effects of pressure and temperature on the mechanical properties were evaluated via dynamic mechanical analysis. Storage modulus and glass transition temperature depended on formulation. Upon exposure to specific temperature and pressures, the hollow glass spheres embedded within the resin lose mechanical integrity and collapse, resulting in the generation of unencapsulated void spaces, primed to capture embedded liquid. Controllable loss of mechanical integrity enables syntactic foams to serve as on-demand receptacles to retain constituents in the surrounding environment, resulting from externally triggered pressures and temperatures. 1. A vehicle for collecting an environmental constituent comprising a syntactic foam , the syntactic foam comprising:a polymer matrix; andhollow microparticles.2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the hollow microparticles comprise about 50 volume percent of the syntactic foam.3. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the hollow microparticles comprise glass microspheres.4. The vehicle of claim 3 , wherein the glass microspheres have a crush strength of about 250 psi to about 28 claim 3 ,000 psi.5. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises an epoxy resin formulation.6. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the syntactic foam has a glass transition temperature of about 70° C. to about 85° C.7. A method of collecting an environmental constituent comprising:providing a vehicle for collecting the environmental constituent comprising a syntactic foam, the ...

MAGNETIC CHIP DETECTOR AND METHOD OF USE

The magnetic chip detector system can have a first conductor member and a second conductor member both exposed to a liquid flow path and separated from one another by gap, each one of the conductor members having a magnetic field oriented into the liquid flow path, at least a first one of the magnetic fields being actively modifiable; an electrical energy source configured to induce a current circulation across the gap; and a meter configured to measure a response of the gap to the induced current circulation. 1. A magnetic chip detector system comprising: a first conductor member and a second conductor member both exposed to a liquid flow path and separated from one another by gap , each one of the conductor members having a magnetic field oriented into the liquid flow path , at least a first one of the magnetic fields being actively modifiable; an electrical energy source configured to induce a current circulation across the gap; and a meter configured to measure a response of the gap to the induced current circulation.2. The magnetic chip detector of wherein the gap has a dimension corresponding to a minimum chip size to be detected by the system.3. The magnetic chip detector of wherein the actively modifiable magnetic field is generated by a coil wrapped around a corresponding conductor member claim 1 , a controllable electrical energy source being connected to the coil.4. The magnetic chip detector of wherein the corresponding conductor member is non-magnetized.5. The magnetic chip detector of wherein the corresponding conductor member has a permanent magnetic field and includes a permanent magnet.6. The magnetic chip detector of wherein a second one of the magnetic fields is passive and emitted by a permanent magnet forming the corresponding conductor member.7. The magnetic chip detector of wherein both conductor members having actively modifiable magnetic fields.8. The magnetic chip detector of further comprising a third conductor member.9. The magnetic chip ...

SENSOR UNIT, FLUID POWER UNIT WITH SENSOR UNIT AND METHOD FOR MEASURING PARAMETERS OF A FLUID

A sensor unit is described for measuring parameters of a fluid, in particular a hydraulic fluid, in a fluid power unit, in particular a hydraulic power unit, as well as a fluid power unit with a sensor unit and a method for measuring parameters of a fluid in a fluid power unit. The sensor unit has a contact module and two electrode pairs with two electrodes each. The electrode pairs are connected to the contact module and the longitudinal axes of the electrode pairs are arranged essentially perpendicular to each other. This enables capacitive fluid level measurements with different orientations of the sensor unit without the need to adjust the sensor system. The additional measurement of other parameters of the fluid by means of the method efficiently allows for statements about the quality of the fluid to be made. 1. A sensor unit for measuring parameters of a fluid , in particular a hydraulic fluid , in a fluid power unit , in particular a hydraulic power unit , comprising:a contact module and two electrode pairs with two electrodes each, the electrode pairs being connected to the contact module and longitudinal axes of the electrode pairs being arranged essentially perpendicular to each other.2. The sensor unit according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes of at least one of the electrode pairs are designed as twisted single conductors or as a twin stranded wire.3. The sensor unit according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are each provided with crimp contacts on at least one end for connection to the contact module.4. The sensor unit according to claim 1 , wherein the lengths of the electrode pairs can be adjusted to the geometry of the hydraulic power unit.5. The sensor unit according to claim 1 , wherein the contact module is molded.6. The sensor unit according to claim 1 , wherein depending on an orientation of the sensor unit claim 1 , one of the electrode pairs is a measuring electrode pair and the other of the electrode pairs is a reference electrode ...

TECHNIQUES FOR TOXIC METAL DETECTION AND SPECIATION IN AQUEOUS MATRICES

An in-situ measurement apparatus automatically draws aqueous samples on an intermittent or ad-hoc basis and measures specific metal specie concentration. The apparatus can perform both raw measurement of specific metal specie, as well as processing to convert other species of the same metal to the specific metal specie or to destroy or remove unwanted masking agents (e.g. organics). In one application, “dirty” water from a scrubber is measured for Se(IV) presence (using a renewable voltametric system), both with and without the masking agents present; in addition, selective processing converts other selenium species to Se(IV), permitting assessment of total selenium and measurement of Se(VI) presence. Automated reactions can then be taken to remove detected toxic substances from waste water without excess reliance on treatment chemicals, and so as to ensure that only water complaint with regulatory standards is released into the environment. 1. (canceled)2. A method of processing waste water , the method comprising:using a voltametric measurement device to measure concentration of Selenium (IV) in a first sample of the waste water;processing a second sample of the waste water to convert a second Selenium form to Selenium (IV), wherein the second Selenium form comprises a water soluble form of at least one of organo-Selenium, Selenium (0), Selenium (II) or Selenium (VI) to Selenium (IV);using the voltametric measurement device to measure concentration of Selenium (IV) in the second sample;with at least one processor, using measured concentration of Selenium (IV) in the first sample and using measured concentration of Selenium (IV) in the second sample to determine concentration of the second Selenium form in the waste water; andcontrolling application of at least one water treatment process, dependent on the determined concentration of the second Selenium form, to lessen concentration of the second Selenium form in the waste water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein ...

A CONTAMINANT SENSOR FOR DETECTING MAGNETIZABLE CONTAMINANTS IN LUBRICANT FLOW

A contaminant sensor () for detecting magnetizable contaminants () present in a lubricant flow is disclosed. A permanent magnet () is arranged movably inside a sensor housing (). A sensor element (), e.g. in the form of a distance sensor () or a pressure sensor (), is arranged to detect a displacement of the permanent magnet () inside the sensor housing (), and an indicator is arranged to generate an alert signal when a displacement and/or a rate of change of displacement of the permanent magnet () inside the sensor housing () exceeds a pre-defined threshold value. The permanent magnet () is arranged to move inside the sensor housing () in response to magnetizable contaminants () collected on an outer surface of the sensor housing (). 1. A contaminant sensor for detecting magnetizable contaminants present in a lubricant flow , the contaminant sensor comprising:a sensor housing,a permanent magnet arranged movably inside the sensor housing,a resilient member operationally coupled to the permanent magnet,a sensor element arranged to detect a displacement of the permanent magnet inside the sensor housing,an indicator arranged to generate an alert signal when a displacement and/or a rate of change of displacement of the permanent magnet inside the sensor housing exceeds a predefined threshold value,wherein the permanent magnet is arranged to move inside the sensor housing in response to magnetizable contaminants collected on an outer surface of the sensor housing.2. The contaminant sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the resilient member is or comprises a spring element and/or a bellow.3. The contaminant sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor element is or comprises a distance sensor arranged to measure a distance between the distance sensor and the permanent magnet or a member attached to the permanent magnet.4. The contaminant sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the resilient member is or comprises a bellow attached to the permanent magnet claim 1 , and ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LIMITING ACIDIC CORROSION AND CONTAMINATION IN FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS

A method and apparatus are provided for controlling a fuel delivery system to limit acidic corrosion. An exemplary control system includes a controller, at least one monitor, an output, and a remediation system. The monitor of the control system may collect and analyze data indicative of a corrosive environment in the fuel delivery system. The output of the control system may automatically warn an operator of the fueling station of the corrosive environment so that the operator can take preventative or corrective action. The remediation system of the control system may take at least one corrective action to remediate the corrosive environment in the fuel delivery system. 1. A fuel delivery system comprising:a storage tank containing a fuel product;a fuel delivery line in communication with the storage tank;at least one monitor that collects data indicative of a corrosive environment in the fuel delivery system;a controller in communication with the at least one monitor to receive collected data from the at least one monitor; anda remediation system configured to take at least one corrective action to remediate the corrosive environment when activated by the controller.2. The fuel delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising:a pump configured to deliver the fuel product from the storage tank to the fuel delivery line: anda sump positioned around at least a portion of the pump.3. The fuel delivery system of claim 2 , wherein the remediation system includes a first air passageway configured to ventilate the sump into the storage tank.4. The fuel delivery system of claim 3 , further comprising a second air passageway configured to pull air from the surrounding atmosphere into the sump.5. The fuel delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the remediation system includes at least one radiation source.6. The fuel delivery system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one radiation source is a ultraviolet-C light source.7. The fuel delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the at least ...

MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES

Measuring apparatus and measuring method for detecting ferromagnetic particles which are movably arranged in a liquid volume, characterized by a magnetic means for generating a magnetic field in the liquid volume, a measuring means for the total electrical resistance of the liquid volume with the ferromagnetic particles therein and a means for checking the function of the measuring apparatus with at least one low-value resistor of between 50 and 500Ω for carrying out a resistance measurement. The invention also describes a magnetic means with an electromagnet which, when in need of cleaning, can be demagnetized by means of correct energization (measured using the normal resistance measurement) and can be magnetized again when started up again. 1. Measuring apparatus for detecting ferromagnetic particles which are arranged in a moveable manner in a liquid volume , comprisingmagnetic means for generating a magnetic field inside the liquid volume,measuring means for the total electrical resistance of the liquid volume with the ferromagnetic particles contained therein, andmeans for functional testing of the measuring apparatus with at least one low-ohm resistor between 50 and 500Ω for carrying out a resistance measurement,whereinthe means for functional testing are formed with passive circuit elements in such a manner that reversing the polarity of the DC voltage or application of an AC voltage to the means for functional testing generates a signal in order to signalize a correct function or a malfunction of the measuring apparatus.2. Measuring apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the means for functional testing comprise a plug connection which has a first plug element that can be connected to a measuring probe for the liquid volume claim 1 , and has a second plug element that can be connected to a measuring means for the electrical resistance claim 1 , wherein the first and the second plug element respectively comprise a series connection of the at least one ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING CHIPS IN FLUID OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE

There is described herein methods and systems for detecting of metallic chips in a fluid system of an aircraft engine. A resistance value is measured across a magnetic chip detector mounted to a fluid system of the aircraft engine. The resistance value is transmitted to an engine computer of the aircraft engine. In the engine computer, The resistance value is compared to a first threshold and a first warning indicative of a chip in the fluid is issued when the resistance value exceeds the first threshold. 1. A method for detecting chips in fluid of an aircraft engine , the method comprising:dynamically setting, in an engine computer, a first threshold for detecting chips in the fluid, wherein the first threshold is set as a function of a configuration of the aircraft engine;measuring a resistance value across a first magnetic chip detector mounted to a fluid system of the aircraft engine at a first location and transmitting the resistance value to the engine computer of the aircraft engine;comparing, in the engine computer, the resistance value to the first threshold; andissuing, from the engine computer, a first warning indicative of a chip in the fluid when the resistance value exceeds the first threshold.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein comparing the resistance value to the first threshold comprises converting the resistance value to a chip size based on a correlation between resistance and chip size claim 1 , and comparing the chip size to the first threshold.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising displaying the chip size on a display of the aircraft.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring a resistance value comprises measuring the resistance value across a circuit connected in parallel with the first magnetic chip detector.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising issuing claim 4 , from the engine computer claim 4 , a second warning indicative of a circuit malfunction when the resistance value is above a resistance limit value.6. The method of ...

ACTIVE OIL DEBRIS MONITOR PARTICLE DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM

A method for determining the presence of a particle while actively calculating and monitoring oil debris monitor phase angle in an oil system including collecting I and Q channel data from an oil debris monitor sensor; determining whether the I and Q data is symmetric; processing the I and Q channel data to identify a ferrous and nonferrous signal in response to the I and Q data being symmetric; processing the ferrous and nonferrous signals to determine if a particle is present; determining a symmetry factor from the I and Q channel data in response to the particle being present and confirming that the particle is present from the symmetry factor. 1. A method for determining the presence of a particle while actively calculating and monitoring oil debris monitor phase angle in an oil system , comprising:a) collecting I and Q channel data from an oil debris monitor sensor;b) determining whether the I and Q data is symmetric;c) processing the I and Q channel data to identify a ferrous and nonferrous signal in response to the I and Q data being symmetric in step b);d) processing the ferrous and nonferrous signals to determine if a particle is present;e) determining a symmetry factor from the I and Q channel data in response to the possibility that the particle is present in step d); andf) confirming that the particle is present from the symmetry factor.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein step b) comprises determining if the lobe peaks are symmetric.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ferrous and nonferrous signals are used for detection.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said step d) comprises filtering and phase adjusting the ferrous and nonferrous signals.5. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising continually filling a buffer of the controller with the I and Q channel data.6. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising converting the I and Q channel data to digital I and Q data within a controller on-board an ...

ACTIVE OIL DEBRIS MONITOR PARTICLE DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM

A method for determining the presence of a particle while actively calculating and monitoring oil debris monitor phase angle in an oil system including collecting I and Q channel data from an oil debris monitor sensor, performing a fast Fourier transform on the I and Q channel data, extracting a shape from the fast Fourier transform, and determining whether a particle is present from the shape. 1. A method for determining the presence of a particle while actively calculating and monitoring oil debris monitor phase angle in an oil system , comprising:collecting I and Q channel data from an oil debris monitor sensor;performing a fast Fourier transform on the I and Q channel data;extracting a shape from the fast Fourier transform; anddetermining whether a particle is present from the shape.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the determining step comprises determining a particular predetermined shape from the fast Fourier transform.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein determining whether the particle is present from the shape comprises determining a bow shape.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein determining whether the particle is present from the shape comprises comparing the shape with a predetermined shape.5. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising continually filling a buffer of the controller with the I and Q channel data.6. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising converting the I and Q channel data to digital I and Q data within a controller on-board an aircraft.7. The method as recited in claim 6 , further comprising locating the oil debris monitor sensor within an oil supply path.8. The method as recited in claim 6 , further comprising locating the oil debris monitor sensor within an oil return path.9. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:sensing a noise from an in-line oil debris monitor sensor in an oil flow path of the oil system;generating a polar plot of the I and Q channel data from ...

ACTIVE OIL DEBRIS MONITOR PHASE ANGLE CALCULATION AND MONITORING SYSTEM

A method for actively calculating and monitoring the oil debris monitor phase angle includes sensing a noise from an in-line oil debris monitor sensor in an oil flow path, generating a polar plot of an I and Q channel data from only the noise. Linear regression of noise is then utilized from the I and Q channel data for calculating a slope of regression form the linear regression and converting the slope to a phase angle. 1. A method for actively calculating and monitoring oil debris monitor phase angle in an oil system , comprising:sensing a noise from an in-line oil debris monitor sensor in an oil flow path of the oil system;generating a polar plot of an I and Q channel data from only the noise;identifying a multiple of noise peaks in the polar plot;determining a linear regression of the noise peaks;calculating a slope of regression from the linear regression; andconverting the slope to a phase angle.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein identifying the noise peak determines the outer bounds of the polar plot.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the oil flow path is an oil supply path.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the oil flow path is an oil return path.5. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising storing the calculated phase angle.6. The method as recited in claim 5 , further comprising utilizing the calculated phase angle for health and stability assessment.7. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising transmitting the calculated phase angle for health and stability assessment.8. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising converting raw oil debris monitor data from the in-line oil debris monitor sensor from analog to digital.9. The method as recited in claim 8 , further comprising converting the raw oil debris monitor data from in-line oil debris monitor sensor within a controller on-board an aircraft.10. The method as recited in claim 9 , further comprising continually filling a buffer of the ...

SENSOR

One object is to increase the amount of abrasion powder accumulated in a sensing region to improve the sensitivity in sensing the abrasion powder. Provided is a sensor for sensing reduction of electric resistance between electrodes, a magnetic field being applied between the electrodes to accumulate magnetic powder floating in a lubricant between the electrodes, wherein at least one sensing region in which the magnetic powder is to be accumulated is provided in at least a part of a region between the electrodes, and the magnetic powder is inhibited from being accumulated in a non-sensing region constituted by a space around the electrodes other than the at least one sensing region. 1. A sensor for sensing reduction of electric resistance between electrodes , a magnetic field being applied between the electrodes to accumulate magnetic powder floating in a lubricant between the electrodes ,wherein at least one sensing region in which the magnetic powder is to be accumulated is provided in at least a part of a region between the electrodes, andthe magnetic powder is inhibited from being accumulated in a non-sensing region constituted by a space around the electrodes other than the at least one sensing region.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes include:a first electrode; andat least one second electrode,wherein at least one gap is provided between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode, andthe at least one gap includes the at least one sensing region to which the magnetic field is applied.3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the first electrode comprises a magnet producing the magnetic field.4. The sensor of claim 2 , further comprising a magnet producing the magnetic field.5. The sensor of claim 3 , further comprising a covering member that covers the electrodes to inhibit the magnetic powder from being accumulated in the non-sensing region.6. The sensor of claim 3 , wherein an entire periphery of the magnet is covered with a magnet ...

REAL TIME FUEL DISCRIMINATOR

A real time fuel discriminator for use with a fuel conveyance system that conveys fuel from a fuel supply to a fuel-powered engine includes a body with an inlet port and an outlet port. Each port is coupled to the fuel conveyance system so that fuel enters the inlet port, passes through the body, and exits the outlet port. A fuel analyzer is associated with the body, and constructed to determine whether the fuel is contaminated with an undesired material. The undesired material may be water or conductive metal fragments. 1. A real time fuel discriminator for use with a fuel conveyance system that conveys fuel from a fuel supply to a fuel-powered engine , comprising:a body with an inlet port and an outlet port, each port being constructed to be coupled to the fuel conveyance system so that fuel enters the inlet port, passes through the body, and exits the outlet port;a fuel analyzer associated with the body and constructed to determine whether the fuel is contaminated with an undesired material.2. The discriminator of claim 1 , wherein the undesired material is chosen from the group consisting of water claim 1 , conductive metal fragments. The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/980,359, filed on Apr. 16, 2014.The present invention is a device which determines whether a fluid is composed of gasoline, or jet fuel, or water, or contaminated by water.The detection of a small amount of water within a fluid relies upon measuring the resistance of that fluid, or by measuring the rate of oscillation of a feedback circuit using a capacitive element with the fluid as the dielectric, which in turns changes rate, or frequency, due to a decrease in resistance of the dielectric or the change in dielectric constant.The detection of a large amount of water relies on identical principles, and in general, will make the dielectric conductive as to disable oscillation and indicate a low resistance value from plate to plate of the ...

Method and system for evaluation of engine condition

There is described herein methods and systems for comparing an engine fluid signature of a first engine with engine fluid signatures of other engines of a same engine family. A delta signature is obtained via the comparison and delta signatures below a given threshold are considered similar. Historical data for each engine having a similar signature may then be used to determine the condition and the future states of the first engine.

REMOVING MERCURY FROM CRUDE OIL

Methods, systems and designs are provided for removing mercury from crudes. Crude oil is heated to a temperature above 100° C. and held at that temperature for a specified period of time to convert all of the forms of mercury in the oil into the elemental mercury form. The elemental mercury is then stripped from the crude oil by e.g., flashing the hot oil and/or contacting it with a gas phase. This process transfers the elemental mercury from the oil phase into the gas phase. Elemental mercury can then be removed from the gas phase by methods such as condensation, precipitation, or absorption either alone or in combination. 1. A method of removing mercury from crude oil , comprisinga) heating crude oil comprising mercury in various forms to at least 100° C. and less than 350° C. until at least 95% of the mercury in various forms is converted to elemental mercury;b) converting the elemental mercury to gaseous elemental mercury; andc) removing the gaseous elemental mercury.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating is at 100° C.-300° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating is at 150° C.-300° C.4. The method of claim 1 , where said converting step is by flashing.5. The method of claim 1 , where said converting step is by gas stripping.6. The method of claim 1 , where said removing step is by condensation claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , or absorption claim 1 , adsorption claim 1 , or combinations thereof.7. An improved method of removing mercury from crude oil claim 1 , the method comprising contacting a liquid hydrocarbon stream having mercury contaminants with a gas stream to thereby form a treated liquid stream and a mercury rich gas stream claim 1 , wherein the improvement comprises first heating liquid hydrocarbon stream having mercury contaminants at 100-350° C. until 95% of said mercury contaminants are converted to elemental mercury.8. The improved method of claim 7 , wherein said gas stream is nitrogen claim 7 , methane claim 7 , ethane claim 7 ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETECTION OF PARTICLES IN LUBRICANT

Methods and systems are provided for a lubricant detection device. In one example, a system comprises one or more sensors arranged in an oil flow path for detecting if a particle is in an oil flow. Engine operating parameters are adjusted in response to sensing the particle, wherein the engine operating parameter adjustments are different in response to only a first sensor detecting the particle or to both the first sensor and a second sensor detecting the particle. 1. A system comprising:a lubricant passage comprising a particle capturing device arranged between a first sensor and a second sensor; anda controller with instructions stored on non-transitory memory thereof that when executed enable the controller to adjust engine operating parameters in response to feedback from the first and second sensors.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein engine operating parameters adjusted in response to feedback from the first sensor include activating an indicator lamp.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein engine operating parameters adjusted in response to feedback from the second sensor include adjusting one or more of a fuel injection and a spark timing.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are one or more of an induction sensor claim 1 , an infrared sensor claim 1 , a laser sensor claim 1 , and an optical sensor.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the particle capturing device is an oil filter.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the particle capturing device is a magnet.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor is one or more of an infrared sensor claim 1 , a laser sensor claim 1 , and an optical sensor claim 1 , wherein the second sensor is an induction sensor.8. A vehicle system comprising:a lubricant detection device comprising a particle capturing device arranged between a first sensor and a second sensor, the particle capturing device comprising a magnet; anda controller with instructions stored on non-transitory memory thereof ...

DETECTING COMPOSITION OF A SAMPLE BASED ON THERMAL PROPERTIES

The invention relates to detecting a composition of a sample or contamination in liquids by detecting corresponding changes in their thermal properties. In a disclosed arrangement, an apparatus is provided comprising a first probe element configured to provide a first surface in direct contact with the sample and a second surface that is not in direct contact with the sample. A measurement system measures a rate of heat transfer through the first surface. A processing unit analyses the measured rate of heat transfer in order to detect a heat transfer characteristic of the sample that is indicative of a composition of the sample. 1. An apparatus for detecting a composition of a sample , comprising:a first probe element configured to provide a first surface in direct contact with the sample and a second surface that is not in direct contact with the sample;a measurement system configured to measure a rate of heat transfer through the first surface; anda processing unit configured to analyse the measured rate of heat transfer in order to detect a heat transfer characteristic of the sample that is indicative of a composition of the sample.2. The apparatus of wherein:the sample is a liquid and the detecting of the composition of the sample comprises detecting contamination of the liquid;the first probe element is configured to provide the first surface in direct contact with the liquid and the second surface not in direct contact with the liquid; andthe processing unit is configured to analyse the measured rate of heat transfer in order to detect a change in a heat transfer characteristic of the liquid that is indicative of contamination of the liquid.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first probe element penetrates through a containing wall containing the sample.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a first-probe-element heater configured to heat the first probe element.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the measurement system comprises:a first ...

INSTALLATION AND PROCESS OF FOLLOW-UP OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE QUALITY OF A LUBRICANT, METHOD OF FOLLOW-UP AND USE OF SUCH A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE IRON CONTENT OF A LUBRICANT

An installation for following up the evolution of the quality of a lubricant circulating in equipment includes a conduit connected, upstream, to the piece of equipment and downstream to a recovery pan. A first controlled interruption valve circulates the lubricant in the conduit, a buffer reservoir accumulates lubricant, and a first bypass line is connected to the conduit, upstream from the first valve and to the buffer reservoir. A second controlled interruption valve circulates the lubricant in the first bypass line, a second discharge line discharges the lubricant, from the buffer reservoir to the recovery pan and a third controlled interruption valve circulates the lubricant in the second discharge line. A sensor determines content in a predetermined chemical element of a lubricant sample at the outlet of the buffer reservoir. This sensor includes an X-ray source and detector and a sample cell with a poly X-ray window. 2. The installation according to claim 1 , wherein the cell comprises a metal casing on which the wall is added.3. The installation according to claim 2 , wherein the cell comprises a hollow housing for receiving the wall and a threaded washer for immobilization of the wall in the hollow housing.4. The installation according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a sensor for determining the iron content of the lubricant sample.5. The installation according to claim 2 , wherein the casing is made in a metal or in a non-ferrous alloy.6. The installation according to claim 2 , wherein the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are mounted on a lid which positions them relatively to the housing and to the wall and wherein this support forms a shield against the propagation of X-rays.7. The installation according to claim 1 , wherein a targeting axis of the X-ray source and a targeting axis of the X-ray detector form between them an angle comprised between 20 and 25°.8. The installation according to claim 1 , wherein the wall has a thickness of less than or ...

FLOW THROUGH DEBRIS SENSOR

A debris sensor may include a body including a first end and a second end, a ferrous particle sensor connected to the body, and a magnetic chip collector connected to the body at a position closer to the second end than the ferrous particle sensor. A plurality of magnets may be disposed closer to the second end than the magnetic chip collector. A non-ferrous particle sensor may be connected to the body and the non-ferrous particle sensor may be disposed closer to the second end than the plurality of magnets. 1. A debris sensor , comprising:a body including a first end and a second end;a ferrous particle sensor connected to the body;a magnetic chip collector connected to the body at a position closer to the second end than the ferrous particle sensor;a plurality of magnets disposed closer to the second end than the magnetic chip collector; anda non-ferrous particle sensor connected to the body.2. The debris sensor of claim 1 , comprising an indicator screen downstream of the non-ferrous particle sensor.3. The debris sensor of claim 1 , wherein a sensing coil of the non-ferrous particle sensor is configured to sense magnetic fields generated by eddy currents created in non-ferrous particles as the non-ferrous particles flow through a magnetic field created by the plurality of magnets.4. The debris sensor of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of magnets includes a first magnet with a south pole directed toward a center of the body and a second magnet with a north pole directed toward the center of the body.5. The debris sensor of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic chip collector is configured as a source of a magnetic field and the ferrous particle sensor is configured to sense changes in the magnetic field caused by ferrous particles in the magnetic field.6. The debris sensor of claim 1 , wherein the ferrous particle sensor includes a pair of sensing coils.7. The debris sensor of claim 6 , wherein the pair of sensing coils are disposed about 90 degrees apart from each other. ...

METHOD AND KIT FOR DOSING IRON IONS IN LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

Disclosed is a method for dosing iron ions, by spectrophotometry, especially ferric and ferrous ions, contained in a used lubricating composition, especially a lubricating composition of a marine engine. The invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method. 111-. (canceled)12. Method for determining iron ions , in particular ferric and ferrous ions , in lubricating compositions , comprising the following steps:a) Taking a sample of the lubricating compositing to be analysed in a first container;b) Placing said first container containing the sample to be analysed on a magnet; [{'b': '1', 'a first aqueous reactive composition (CR) comprising at least one extracting agent of ferric and ferrous ions from the oil phase towards the aqueous phase;'}, {'b': '2', 'sup': 3+', '2+, 'a second aqueous reactive composition (CR) comprising at least one reducing agent of ferric ions (Fe) to ferrous ions (Fe);'}, {'b': '3', 'a third reactive composition (CR) comprising at least one emulsion destabilising agent; and'}, {'b': '4', 'a fourth reactive composition (CR) in an aqueous solution comprising a complexing agent of ferrous ions, wherein this agent changes colour when complexing with ferrous ions;'}], 'c) Adding to a second containerand mixing thereof;d) optionally, photochemical measurement of the absorbance of the mixture obtained at step c);e) Taking a few drops of the lubricating composition contained in the first container, held in position on the magnet, and adding these few drops to the second container comprising the mixture of the first, second, third and fourth reactive compositions obtained at step c);f) Agitating the mixture obtained at step e);g) Conducting photochemical measurement of the absorbance of the mixture obtained at step f);h) Determining the quantity of ferrous ions in the lubricating composition from the measurements obtained at steps d) and g).13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the extracting agent is selected from among agents ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING CHIPS IN FLUID OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE

There is described herein methods and systems for detecting electrically-conductive particles (chips) in fluid of an aircraft engine. The method comprises applying a plurality of excitation currents Iacross a magnetic chip detector mounted to a fluid system of the aircraft engine and measuring a corresponding plurality of resistance values R, where i is an integer that varies from 1 to N, and where N corresponds to a number of different excitation currents applied across the magnetic chip detector. The method further comprises determining a chip size indication Y from the plurality of resistance values R, and detecting a chip in the fluid when the chip size indication Y exceeds a threshold Y. 1. A method for detecting electrically-conductive particles (chips) in fluid of an aircraft engine , the method comprising:{'sub': i', 'i, 'applying a plurality of excitation currents Iacross a magnetic chip detector mounted to a fluid system of the aircraft engine and measuring a corresponding plurality of resistance values R, where i is an integer that varies from 1 to N, and where N corresponds to a number of different excitation currents applied across the magnetic chip detector;'}{'sub': 'i', 'determining a chip size indication Y from the plurality of resistance values R; and'}{'sub': 'thres', 'detecting a chip in the fluid when the chip size indication Y exceeds a threshold Y.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the chip size indication Y comprises summing the plurality of resistance values Rtogether to obtain the chip size indication Y.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein summing the plurality of resistance values Rtogether comprises applying weighting factors Xto the plurality of resistance values Rprior to summing the resistance values R.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the weighting factors Xare different for each one of the resistance values R.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the weighting factors Xis null.6. The method of claim 3 , ...

Multi-passage oil debris monitor to increase detection capability in high oil flow systems

An oil debris monitoring sensor includes a multiple of passages within the housing, each of the multiple of passages surrounded by a set of coils to detect a particle. A method for determining a presence of a particle in a system includes a) installing a single sensor in-line with an oil flow path; b) communicating oil through a multiple of passages within the housing of the single sensor; c) detecting a particle through the single sensor; and d) isolating the particle to one of the multiple of passages within the sensor housing.

Particle counter and classification system

A particle counter and classification system including an imaging subsystem configured to determine the size and morphology of particles above a predetermined size in a fluid in a sample cell. A first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect and determine the size of ferrous and/or conducting particles. An optional second stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect the overall ferrous particle content of the fluid. A processor subsystem is configured to calculate and report the number of particles in the fluid in a plurality of size ranges, their morphology, their classification as a particular particle type according to their characteristic morphology, the number of ferrous and/or conducting particles, and the overall ferrous content of the fluid.

Ferromagnetic wear detector

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The specification describes a method and an apparatus for detecting and quantitatively assessing wear of a machine having ferromagnetic components subjected to wear during operation resulting in the production of ferromagnetic particulate wear debris, and a lubrication system utilizing a lubricating fluid, in which the wear debris becomes entrained, for lubricating the components. The method comprises the steps of passing a sample stream of the lubricating fluid at a predetermined rate of flow axially through the core of an inductance coil of a sample oscillator for producing a time varying signal which deviates from a predetermined value in proportion to the mass of ferromagnetic material contained in the fluid passing through the core, monitoring the rate of change of signal and activating an indicator when the rate of change of the signal exceeds a predetermined level.

Ferromagnetic wear detector and method

Measurement system of ferromagnetic particles

A system by which the proportion of ferromagnetic particles in a dielectric medium is measured. A magnetic field is generated by two signals in the medium: a low frequency feed and a relatively high frequency excitation. The feed magnetizes the ferromagnetic particles in the medium to the nonlinear range of the magnetization curve. The excitation is generated so that its spectrum is relatively wide and it is dense with frequency components. The level of the excitation is so high that the magnetic flux density in the medium corresponding to the excitation fluctuates nonlinearly, when the feed is at its peak value or near this. The magnetic field of the medium is measured by a secondary winding, and from the response signal produced by the sensor is detected the part resulting from the magnetic non-linearity, which part is the output signal. In the detection the response is multiplied by the signal, which arises magnetic field and includes the same random fluctuation as the response. The higher the proportion of the ferromagnetic particles in the medium is, the higher the level of the output signal. The secondary winding comprises several portions so that the parasitic voltages caused by the stray capacitances compensate each other. The measurement is real-time and accuracy, because the excitation is a random signal by nature, in which case its spectrum includes, instead of one frequency component, densely frequency components in a certain band. The result is a 20-30 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio in the response and output signal compared with the known technique. A device according to the method is suitable for use in an industrial plant and moving vehicles, in which there are interfering fields and the temperature can be high.

Particle counter and classification system

A particle counter and classification system including an imaging subsystem configured to determine the size and morphology of particles above a predetermined size in a fluid in a sample cell. A first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect and determine the size of ferrous and/or conducting particles. An optional second stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect the overall ferrous particle content of the fluid. A processor subsystem is configured to calculate and report the number of particles in the fluid in a plurality of size ranges, their morphology, their classification as a particular particle type according to their characteristic morphology, the number of ferrous and/or conducting particles, and the overall ferrous content of the fluid.

Oil monitor with magnetic field

A method and apparatus for detecting the degree of deterioration in lubricating oil including a grid-like capacitive sensor, that uses the lubricating oil as a dielectric medium, and a magnetic field imposed upon the oil to attract ferromagnetic wear particles into the vicinity of the sensor. Preferably, the magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet and an electromagnet aligned such that the magnetic field produced by each magnet acts upon the oil along the same axis. A plurality of capacitance measurements are taken at periodic intervals for one type of classification and analysis. Magnetically induced particle concentrations are analyzed visually under the aid of periodic magnetic flux reorientation and optical magnification.

粒子计数器和分类系统

粒子计数器和分类系统包括被配置为确定样品单元内的流体中的预定尺寸以上的粒子的尺寸和形貌的成像子系统。第一段磁力计传感器子系统被调谐为检测和确定铁类和/或导电粒子的尺寸。任选的第二段磁力计传感器子系统被调谐为检测流体的总铁类粒子含量。处理器子系统被配置为根据它们的特征形貌、铁类和/或导电粒子的数量以及流体的总铁类含量计算并且报告流体中的多个尺寸范围中的粒子的数量、它们的形貌和它们的作为特定粒子类型的分类。

Particle counter and classification system

Particle counter and classification system

A particle counter and classification system including an imaging subsystem configured to determine the size and morphology of particles above a predetermined size in a fluid in a sample cell. A first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect and determine the size of ferrous and/or conducting particles. An optional second stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect the overall ferrous particle content of the fluid. A processor subsystem is configured to calculate and report the number of particles in the fluid in a plurality of size ranges, their morphology, their classification as a particular particle type according to their characteristic morphology, the number of ferrous and/or conducting particles, and the overall ferrous content of the fluid.

Oil debris monitor with sequential coil system and associated algorithms for particle confirmation

A debris monitoring system has a first sensor configured to generate a first signal indicating a presence of a metallic particle in a lubrication system. A second sensor is configured to generate a second signal indicating the presence of a metallic particle in the lubrication system. A signal processor is configured to determine a presence of a metallic particle in a fluid passage based on a comparison of at least the first signal and the second signal; the second signal being used to verify accuracy of the first signal. A gas turbine engine and a method for monitoring a fluid passage for debris are also disclosed.

PARTICLE SENSOR IN A FLUID OF A LUBRICATION SYSTEM

La présente invention concerne un capteur (1) de particules prévu pour détecter des particules dans un système de lubrification. Le capteur (1) comprend une unité de mesure (2), agencée pour être disposée en contact avec un fluide circulant dans le système de lubrification (4), et une unité de référence (3), agencée pour être disposée en-dehors du système de lubrification (4). Une détection des particules est réalisée en comparant des signaux électriques provenant de l'unité de mesure (2) et de l'unité de référence (3). The present invention relates to a particle sensor (1) for detecting particles in a lubrication system. The sensor (1) comprises a measuring unit (2), arranged to be placed in contact with a fluid circulating in the lubrication system (4), and a reference unit (3), arranged to be arranged outside the lubrication system (4). Particle detection is performed by comparing electrical signals from the measurement unit (2) and the reference unit (3).

Oil debris monitor to detect mechanical failures in high noise environments

A method to effectively utilize an oil debris monitor to provide advanced warning to mechanical system failures in a high noise system by adapting detection and annunciation algorithms to the background noise in a system that includes collecting I and Q channel data from a sensor; processing the I and Q channel data to both calculate a noise based (RMS adjusted) detection threshold and to identify a ferrous and nonferrous signal; processing the ferrous and nonferrous signals to determine signal peaks above the RMS adjusted detection threshold; adjusting a detection threshold if more signal peaks observed than allowable particles in a given time window; transmitting the detection threshold previously determined to particle detection, rate limit adjustment, detectability algorithms, and estimated mass loss accumulation.

Multi-passage oil debris monitor to increase detection capability in high oil flow systems

An oil debris monitoring sensor includes a multiple of passages within the housing, each of the multiple of passages surrounded by a set of coils to detect a particle. A method for determining a presence of a particle in a system includes a) installing a single sensor in-line with an oil flow path; b) communicating oil through a multiple of passages within the housing of the single sensor; c) detecting a particle through the single sensor; and d) isolating the particle to one of the multiple of passages within the sensor housing.

Liquid filter with chip detecting means

A device using intentionally introduced centrifugal force to direct particles suspended in a liquid to peripherally arranged contact members and to detain them there through the static pressure caused by the peripherally moving liquid. The device separates the ferrous, magnetizable, from the nonferrous, not magnetizable, particles by providing a magnetic capturing unit having a diameter smaller than that of the aforementioned contact member arrangement, so that ferrous particles will be retained by magnetism and so indicated, while nonferrous ones will be detained by the radially more outwardly located contact members and indicated accordingly. Individual indications of, especially nonferrous particle accumulations, are provided for at least two particle magnitude ranges.

Detection and discrimination between ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic conductive particles in a fluid

A device to detect the presence of particles, principally metallic particles, in fluid lines. The fluid to be sampled flows through a sensor coil which is flanked upstream and downstream by two field coils. The field coils are driven by a high frequency signal derived from a crystal oscillator and the upstream and downstream sections are wound in opposite directions such that the magnetic field from each section is cancelled out in the plane of the sense coil. When a ferromagnetic or conductive particle passes through the winding structure, the coupling in the sense coil is disturbed as the particle first interacts with the field in the upstream section of the field coil and later with the field in the downstream section of the field coil as it passes through the Sensor Coil Assembly (SCA). A characteristic signature is generated in the sense coil which results from the vector summation of these transient imbalance signals with the steady-state signal from the opposed field coils. Analysis of the phase of this signature can be used to detect and distinguish between the presence of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic conductive particles. Since ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic conductive particles interact with the field via permeability and eddy current effects respectively, the transient phase signature has a characteristic lag-lead or lead-lag sequence depending on the nature of the particle.

Method and apparatus for detecting particles in a fluid having coils isolated from external vibrations

A device to detect the presence of particles, principally metallic particles, in fluid lines. The fluid to be sampled flows through a former on which is wound a coil assembly comprising a sensor coil flanked upstream and downstream by two field coils. The former is constructed with a double wall and air gap such that pressure fluctuations in the fluid are not transmitted to the coil assembly to adversely affect the positions and readings of the coils. The field coils are driven by a high frequency signal derived from a crystal oscillator and the upstream and downstream sections are wound in opposite directions such that the magnetic field from each section is cancelled out in the plane of the sense coil. When a ferromagnetic or conductive particle passes through the winding structure, the coupling in the sense coil is disturbed as the particle first interacts with the field in the upstream section of the field coil and later with the field in the downstream section of the field coil as it passes through the Sensor Coil Assembly (SCA). A characteristic signature is generated in the sense coil which results from the vector summation of these transient imbalance signals with the steady-state signal from the opposed field coils. Analysis of the phase of this signature can be used to detect and distinguish between the presence of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic conductive particles. Since ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic conductive particles interact with the field via permeability and eddy current effects respectively, the transient phase signature has a characteristic lag-lead or lead-lag sequence depending on the nature of the particle.

Method and apparatus for fluid sampling

A method and system for particle entrained fluid sampling, capable of sampling a high pressure and/or high flow rate fluid flow system using a pressure intensifier for applying pressure or suction to the fluid sample in the fluid sampling system operatively connected to a sample extractor and a sample analysis device. The pressure intensifier for applying pressure or suction is adjustable to provide control over the sample flow in the fluid sampling system. The fluid sampling system of the present invention may be particularly applicable to monitoring the condition of hydraulic and lubrication systems.

一种油液金属磨粒在线监测系统及其监测方法

本发明公开了一种油液金属磨粒在线监测系统及其监测方法，包括磨粒传感器和与设备油池并联的油路，所述油路上设有电磁阀和辅助油泵；所述磨粒传感器包括电磁感应装置和红外热成像仪，所述油路设置在电磁感应装置的交变磁场区域，所述红外热成像仪聚焦点位于交变磁场区域内油路的截面上，所述的磨粒传感器将监测出的数据信号传输到工控系统。本发明利用金属磨粒在交变磁场中会产生涡流并导致表面升温的特点，利用红外热成像仪采集油液中磨粒温度分布数据，得到金属磨粒的形态、粒度大小分布、材质等信息。

Particle counter and classification system

A particle counter and classification system and method wherein a first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem for the fluid is tuned to detect and determine the size of ferrous and/or conducting particles in the fluid above a predetermined size. A pump is configured to drive a volume of the fluid through the first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem. A processing subsystem is responsive to the first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem and is configured to count the number of ferrous and/or conducting particles above the predetermined size based on the output of the first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem and to determine and report the concentration of the ferrous and/or conducting particles above the predetermined size as a function of the size of the particles, their number, and the volume of the fluid.

粒子计数器和分类系统

粒子计数器和分类系统包括被配置为确定样品单元内的流体中的预定尺寸以上的粒子的尺寸和形貌的成像子系统。第一段磁力计传感器子系统被调谐为检测和确定铁类和/或导电粒子的尺寸。任选的第二段磁力计传感器子系统被调谐为检测流体的总铁类粒子含量。处理器子系统被配置为根据它们的特征形貌、铁类和/或导电粒子的数量以及流体的总铁类含量计算并且报告流体中的多个尺寸范围中的粒子的数量、它们的形貌和它们的作为特定粒子类型的分类。

Particle counter and classification system

Particle counter and classification system

A particle counter and classification system including an imaging subsystem configured to determine the size and morphology of particles above a predetermined size in a fluid in a sample cell. A first stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect and determine the size of ferrous and/or conducting particles. An optional second stage magnetometer sensor subsystem is tuned to detect the overall ferrous particle content of the fluid. A processor subsystem is configured to calculate and report the number of particles in the fluid in a plurality of size ranges, their morphology, their classification as a particular particle type according to their characteristic morphology, the number of ferrous and/or conducting particles, and the overall ferrous content of the fluid.

Hard particle concentration detection method, particle concentration detection method, and device therefor

Magnetic and counterpart members 12 and 11 are immersed in a liquid which may include hard particles. At least one of the members 12 and 11 is moved while pressed to the other member. The magnetic member 12 is worn by hard particles in the liquid to produce magnetic particles in the liquid. A concentration of the magnetic particles produced is measured and is converted into a concentration of hard particles in the liquid on the basis of a calibration line representing a correlation measured in advance between the concentrations of the magnetic particles and of the hard particles in the liquid. Thus, the concentration of the hard particles in the liquid is detected.

Ermittlung der Partikelbelastung von Schmierstoff

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Partikelbelastung von Schmierstoff; mit den Schritten Vereinzeln einer Schmierstoffprobe aus dem Schmierstoff; Bestrahlen der Schmierstoffprobe mit einer ersten elektromagnetischen Strahlung; Bestrahlen der Schmierstoffprobe mit einer zweiten elektromagnetischen Strahlung einer Wellenlänge, die sich von einer Wellenlänge der ersten elektromagnetischen Strahlung unterscheidet; Messen der ersten elektromagnetischen Strahlung, nachdem die erste elektromagnetische Strahlung die Schmierstoffprobe durchdrungen hat; Messen der zweiten elektromagnetischen Strahlung, nachdem die erste elektromagnetische Strahlung die Schmierstoffprobe durchdrungen hat; und Auswerten der Messungen.

Determination of the amount of ferritic wear material in motor vehicle gear oil, by use of a measurement transformer, that is simple and effective and can be linked to an online monitoring device

Inductive measurement system has primary and secondary coils (3, 5) on opposite sides of an oil carrying channel (1) of a gear transmission. The coils are wound around a soft magnetic core (4) that is interrupted by the oil channel. The coils form a transformer with the primary (3) generating a current in the secondary (5) that serves as a measure for the concentration of ferritic wear particles or swarf in the gear oil. An Independent claim is made for an inductive measurement method for determining the amount of ferritic wear particles or swarf in gear oil.

Inductive debris monitor with multi-turn detector

An inductive debris monitor for detecting chip-particles in tubing of a fluid wetted system. The inductive debris monitor includes a multi-turn detector and an electronic circuit having a resistor bridge configuration. The multi-turn probe detector wraps around the tubing of a fluid wetted system a plurality of times to detect the presence of the chip-particles while the electronic circuit analyzes and deciphers the detected chip-particle information.

In-situ oil analyzer and methods of using same, particularly for continuous on-board analysis of diesel engine lubrication systems

A method and apparatus for detecting the degree of deterioration of a lubricating oil for an operating machine includes a grid-like capacitive sensor that uses the lubricating oil as a dielectric medium. A magnetic field is imposed upon the oil to attract ferromagnetic wear particles into the vicinity of the sensor. Preferably, the magnetic field is generated by at least two independently controlled electromagnet windings aligned such that the magnetic field produced by each winding acts upon the wear particles. A plurality of capacitance measurements are taken at periodic intervals at each of several magnet operational states for respective classification and analysis. All windings may be simultaneously de-energized for release of captured particles back in to an oil circulation stream and to clean the capacitative sensor grid of accumulated particulates.

Apparatus for detecting particles in a fluid and a method for operating same

In one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for detecting particles within a fluid is disclosed. A bobbin defines a debris collection chamber. A first coil is wound in a helix about the bobbin in the proximity of the debris collection chamber, wherein the induction of the first coil is responsive to the particle accumulation within the collection chamber. A reference coil is wound in a helix about the bobbin to compensate for changing fluid temperature. An oscillator is coupled to the first and reference coils for selectively energizing the coils with an oscillating waveform at a frequency that induces eddy currents in the particles. The frequency of the oscillating waveform is indicative of the amount of accumulation of both the ferrous and nonferrous particles.

Method and apparatus for determining magnetic powder concentration by using the electromagnetic induction method

A method of determining a concentration of magnetic powderly material in a sample is disclosed. In this method, a pair of series-connected exciting coils are disposed in such a manner that magnetic fields generated from the respective exciting coils oppose to each other. A detecting coil is disposed at a position where the magnetic fields from the pair of exciting coils cancel out each other. A sample mixed with magnetic powder is inserted into one of the pair of exciting coils. Then, the method detects a voltage induced in the detecting coil in association with the insertion of the sample into the exciting coil and determines the concentration of the magnetic powder in the sample based on the detected voltage.

Apparatus for detecting particles in a fluid flow and associated cooling and/or lubricating system

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for detecting particles (2) in a fluid flow (6), in particular an inductive particle counter, wherein the apparatus (1) has at least one field coil (34, 36) for generating a magnetic field, which covers at least sections of the fluid flow (6), and a sensor coil (20, 22) which can be connected to an evaluation device which can be used to detect the presence of a particle (2) in the fluid flow (6) from the signal induced in the sensor coil (20, 22), characterized in that the apparatus (1) has at least one first and one second sensor coil (20, 22), and in that the two sensor coils (20, 22) are wound in opposite directions, and to an associated system for cooling and/or lubricating components of a drive unit.

Device and process for detecting particles in a flowing liquid

A device for detecting electrically conductive particles in a liquid flowing in a pipe section, with a transmitter coil surrounding the pipe section for inducing eddy currents in the particles, at least one first inductive receiver coil surrounding the pipe section and a second inductive receiver coil which is spaced axially to the first receiver coil and which surrounds the pipe section, the first and the second receiver coils being located in the region of the transmitter coil and being subtractively connected, in order to output a difference signal according to the eddy currents induced by the transmitter coil, and the transmitter coil forming the primary side and the receiver coils forming the secondary side of a transformer arrangement. An evaluation unit evaluates the difference signal in order to detect passage of electrically conductive particles in the pipe section.

Device and method for measuring concentration of magnetic material

A device for measuring a concentration of magnetic material has exciting coils 11 a and an output coil 11 b which generates exciting voltage when alternating current flows through the exciting coils 11 a . Measurement means 6 is provided to measure variation in phase difference between voltages of the exciting and output coils 11 a and 11 b , so that a concentration of magnetic material is measured with high accuracy from variation in phase difference when a test object is caused to approach the exciting coil 11 a or/and the output coil 11 b . A minute concentration of magnetic material in the fluid is continuously measured.

一种磁感应颗粒检测装置及浓度检测方法

本发明提供一种磁感应颗粒检测装置及浓度检测方法，所述检测装置包括信号检测系统、检测管道、激励线圈，以及正偶数个感应线圈，所述激励线圈与所述信号处理系统连接并绕制于所述检测管道上；所述感应线圈均与所述信号处理系统连接，依次并彼此反向绕制于所述激励线圈上。通过该装置，能够方便制备安装、能够提高检测精度。所述方法包括以下步骤：S1：获取所述信号检测系统的输出信号，得到电压幅度变化情况；S2：根据所获得的电压幅度变化情况，检测金属颗粒浓度。通过该方法，可以提高计算的准确度。

Active oil debris monitor phase angle calculation and monitoring system

A method for actively calculating and monitoring the oil debris monitor phase angle includes sensing a noise from an in-line oil debris monitor sensor in an oil flow path, generating a polar plot of an I and Q channel data from only the noise. Linear regression of noise is then utilized from the I and Q channel data for calculating a slope of regression form the linear regression and converting the slope to a phase angle.

Active oil debris monitor particle detection and monitoring system

A method for determining the presence of a particle while actively calculating and monitoring oil debris monitor phase angle in an oil system including collecting I and Q channel data from an oil debris monitor sensor, performing a fast Fourier transform on the I and Q channel data, extracting a shape from the fast Fourier transform, and determining whether a particle is present from the shape.