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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 2633. Отображено 100.
25-07-2013 дата публикации

Dual range digital nuclear spectrometer

Номер: US20130187052A1
Автор: Greg Nelson
Принадлежит: Princeton Gamma Tech Instruments LLC

The present invention comprises a spectrometer ( 100 ) for detecting a source of radioactive emissions having a detector ( 120 ) that produces a detector signal ( 20 ), with an amplifier ( 30 ) followed by a single digitizer ( 40 ) followed by a digital signal processing unit ( 50 ), within which the signal processing implements two distinct pathways ( 51, 52 ), and associated firmware to utilize the two resulting sets of processed data in nuclear isotope identification.

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Номер записи: 1
01-08-2013 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Investigating a Characteristic of a Material Using Electron Microscopy

Номер: US20130193321A1
Автор: Lisa H. Chan, Mathew M. Nowell, Peter A. de Kloe, Stuart I. Wright, Tera Lynn Nylese
Принадлежит: Edax Inc

Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for determining an characteristic of a material. The characteristics may include, but are not limited to, crystallographic and chemical composition characteristics of a material.

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Номер записи: 2
24-10-2013 дата публикации

Apparatus for protecting a radiation window

Номер: US20130279654A1
Автор: Erkki Tapani Puusaari, Esko Juhani Kantonen, Heikki Johannes Sipilä
Принадлежит: Bruker AXS Handheld LLC

A radiation detector assembly and a method for using the same are provided. The radiation detector assembly includes an aperture, a window covering the aperture, the window is configured to permit radiation to pass through, the window is configured to prevent the passage of fluids and particles through the aperture, and a protective device covers the window. The protective device includes a plurality of holes at least partially aligned with the aperture, is configured to permit at least some radiation to pass through the holes, is configured to prevent objects larger than the holes to contact the window and is configured to withstand external forces and prevent those forces from damaging the window.

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Номер записи: 3
02-01-2014 дата публикации

PHOTONIC SPECTROMETRY DEVICE AND METHOD, METHOD FOR CALIBRATING THE DEVICE, AND USE OF THE DEVICE

Номер: US20140003579A1
Автор: Berruyer Eric
Принадлежит: AREVA NP

A photonic spectrometry device is provided. The photonic spectrometry device comprises several identical spectrometers each spectrometer comprising a radiation sensor and being capable of providing a measurement spectrum corresponding to the measurements of the sensor during a time interval, the spectrometers being capable of performing measurements simultaneously on one same radiation-emitting product and of providing measurement spectra for one same time interval, and a processor capable of determining a net spectrum from each of the measurement spectra provided by the spectrometers for one same time interval, and of determining a global spectrum resulting from the summation of the net spectra determined for one same time interval. 115to . (canceled)16. A photonic spectrometry device comprising:several identical photon spectrometers, each spectrometer comprising a radiation sensor and being capable of providing a measurement spectrum corresponding to the measurements of the sensor during a time interval, the spectrometers being capable of performing measurements simultaneously on one same radiation-emitting product and of providing measurement spectra for one same time interval; anda processor capable of determining a net spectrum from each of the measurement spectra provided by the spectrometers in one same time interval, by aligning the measurement spectrum provided by each spectrometer in relation to a spectral line of a measurement spectrum of the spectrometer corresponding to at least one calibration source, and in relation to a reference line of the or of each calibration source, and of determining a global spectrum resulting from the summation of the net spectra determined for one same time interval.17. The photonic spectrometry device as recited in wherein each spectrometer comprises a detection module capable of converting an electric signal emitted by the sensor on detection of a photon and proportional to the energy of the detected photon claim 16 , to ...

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Номер записи: 4
02-01-2014 дата публикации

PHOTONIC SPECTROMETRY DEVICE, CORRESPONDING METHOD, AND USE OF THE DEVICE

Номер: US20140003580A1
Автор: Berruyer Eric
Принадлежит: AREVA NP

A photonic spectrometry device is provided. The photonic spectrometry device includes at least one sensor capable of detecting photons, at least one photon-emitting calibrating source having a reference spectral line, and processing means capable of providing, for the or each sensor, a measurement spectrum corresponding to the measurements, made by the or each sensor, of the radiation from a product during a time interval, and establishing, on the basis of the or each measurement spectrum, a net corrected spectrum according to a measured characteristic line corresponding to the or each calibrating source. The or each calibrating source is positioned outside the or each sensor. 112-. (canceled)13. A photonic spectrometry device comprising:at least one sensor capable of detecting photons;at least two photon-emitting calibrating sources having different reference spectral lines; anda processor capable of providing, for the or each sensor a measurement spectrum corresponding to the measurements, made by the or each sensor, of the radiation from a product during a time interval and establishing, on the basis of the or each measurement spectrum, a net corrected spectrum by recalibrating the or each measurement spectrum so as to make, for each calibrating source, a characteristic spectral line measured by the or each sensor coincide with the reference spectral line of that calibrating source.14. The photonic spectrometry device as recited in wherein the processor is capable of establishing each net spectrum by recalibrating the or each corresponding measurement spectrum using at least one determined recalibration affine function so as to make a measured characteristic line measured by the sensor coincide with the reference spectral line of that calibrating source for each calibrating source.15. The photonic spectrometry device as recited in wherein the calibrating sources are positioned outside the or each sensor.16. The photonic spectrometry device as recited in wherein ...

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Номер записи: 5
16-01-2014 дата публикации

DIRECT AND QUANTITATIVE BROADBAND ABSORPTANCE SPECTROSCOPY WITH MULTILAYER CANTILEVER PROBES

Номер: US20140014841A1
Автор: Burg Brian, Chen Gang, HSU Wei-Chun, Liao Bolin, Tong Jonathan Kien-Kwok
Принадлежит: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

A system for measuring the absorption spectrum of a sample is provided that includes a broadband light source that produces broadband light defined within a range of an absorptance spectrum. An interferometer modulates the intensity of the broadband light source for a range of modulation frequencies. A bi-layer cantilever probe arm is thermally connected to a sample arm having at most two layers of materials. The broadband light modulated by the interferometer is directed towards the sample and absorbed by the sample and converted into heat, which causes a temperature rise and bending of the bi-layer cantilever probe arm. A detector mechanism measures and records the deflection of the probe arm so as to obtain the absorptance spectrum of the sample. 1. A system for measuring the absorption spectrum of a sample comprising:a broadband light source that produces broadband light defined within a range of an absorptance spectrum;an interferometer that modulates the intensity of the broadband light source for a range of modulation frequencies;a bi-layer cantilever probe arm that is thermally connected to a sample arm having a plurality layers of materials, the broadband light modulated by the interferometer is directed towards the sample and absorbed by the sample and converted into heat, which causes a temperature rise and bending of the bi-layer cantilever probe arm; anda detector mechanism that measures and records the deflection of the probe arm so as to obtain the absorptance spectrum of the sample.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the probe arm comprises different layers of materials have different thermal expansion coefficient.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the detector mechanism measures the deflection of the probe arm by reflecting a laser beam off the probe arm onto a position sensitive detector claim 1 , and the output voltage is recorded in a data acquisition system.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the probe arm is used in background spectrum ...

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Номер записи: 6
27-03-2014 дата публикации

USE OF SPECTRAL INFORMATION TO EXTEND TEMPERATURE RANGE OF GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR

Номер: US20140084149A1
Автор: Stoller Christian
Принадлежит:

A method is for detecting gamma rays using a gamma ray detector, and includes determining a first count of gamma rays having an energy in a first energy interval, using a controller coupled to the gamma ray detector. A second count of gamma rays having an energy in a second energy interval is determined, the second energy interval having a higher energy than the first energy interval, using the controller. A third count of gamma rays having an energy in a third energy interval is determined, the third energy interval having a higher energy than the second energy interval, using the controller. The second count of gamma rays is compensated for noise based upon a ratio of the second count and the third count, using the controller. 1. A method of detecting gamma rays using a gamma ray detector comprising:determining a first count of gamma rays having an energy in a first energy interval, using a controller coupled to the gamma ray detector;determining a second count of gamma rays having an energy in a second energy interval, the second energy interval having a higher energy than the first energy interval, using the controller;determining a third count of gamma rays having an energy in a third energy interval, the third energy interval having a higher energy than the second energy interval, using the controller; andcompensating the second count of gamma rays for noise based upon a ratio of the second count and the third count, using the controller.2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the gamma ray detect is configured to detect a gamma ray spectrum; wherein the gamma ray spectrum has a backscatter peak; and wherein the second and third intervals are on opposite sides of the backscatter peak.3. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a system gain of the gamma ray detection system such that the ratio of the second count and the third count is constant in an absence of noise in the first energy interval.4. A method as in claim 3 , further comprising adjusting ...

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Номер записи: 7
05-01-2017 дата публикации

Spectral segmentation for optimized sensitivity and computation in advanced radiation detectors

Номер: US20170003404A1
Автор: Alexei V. Klimenko, Daniel A. Cooper, James B. Costales, Jeffrey K. Thompson, Krzysztof E. Kamieniecki, Robert J. Ledoux
Принадлежит: Passport Systems Inc

Efficient techniques and devices for detecting, locating, tracking, and identifying radiation sources using a network of one or more detectors are disclosed.

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Номер записи: 8
02-01-2020 дата публикации

X-ray analysis device and method for optical axis alignment thereof

Номер: US20200003708A1
Автор: Katsuhiko Inaba, Shintaro Kobayashi, Toru Mitsunaga
Принадлежит: Rigaku Corp

To provide an X-ray analysis device and a method for optical axis alignment thereof by which measurement time is shortened and measurement cost may be reduced without optical axis alignment at each measurement using an analyzer. The X-ray analysis device includes a sample stage for supporting a sample, an N-dimensional detector, and an analyzer including analyzer crystals. A detection surface of the N-dimensional detector has first and second detection areas, a plurality of optical paths includes a first optical path that directly reaches the first detection area and a second optical path that reaches via the analyzer crystals, and the N-dimensional detector performs a measurement of the first optical path by X-ray detection of the first detection area, and performs a measurement of the second optical path by X-ray detection of the second detection area.

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Номер записи: 9
13-01-2022 дата публикации

METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF URANIUM IN A SAMPLE BY GAMMA SPECTROMETRY, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE

Номер: US20220011287A1
Автор: Carasco Cedric, GOUPILLOU Romain, MA Jean-Luc, MARCHAIS Thomas, Perot Bertrand, TOUBON Hervé
Принадлежит:

A method for assessing the mass concentration of uranium in a sample of uranium-bearing material by gamma spectrometry, includes a) acquiring () an energy spectrum of gamma radiation from the sample using a scintillator detector, the energy spectrum () comprising at least a first energy band () between 87 keV and 110 keV, and a second energy band () between 560 keV and 660 keV, the second energy band comprising at least one energy line () at 609 keV from Bi, b) calculating () an initial mass concentration of uranium (Cm) using the energy spectrum, c) measuring () a parameter representative of the height of the sample and a parameter representative of the density of the sample, d) calculating () a corrective coefficient (K), and e) calculating () a corrected mass concentration of uranium (Cm) using the initial mass concentration of uranium (Cm) and the corrective coefficient (K). 110-. (canceled)11. A method for assessing a concentration of uranium in a sample of uranium-bearing material by gamma spectrometry , the sample having a density and a height , the method comprising:{'sup': '214', 'acquiring an energy spectrum of gamma radiation from the sample using a scintillator detector, the energy spectrum comprising at least a first energy band between 87 keV and 110 keV, and a second energy band between 560 keV and 660 keV, the second energy band comprising at least one energy line at 609 keV of Bi;'}{'sup': '214', 'calculating an initial mass concentration of uranium using an area of the first energy band, an area of the second energy band, and a net area of the 609 keV energy line of Bi;'}measuring a parameter that is representative of the height of the sample and a parameter that is representative of the density of the sample;calculating a corrective coefficient using the parameter that is representative of the height of the sample, the parameter that is representative of the density of the sample, and the initial mass concentration of uranium; andcalculating a ...

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Номер записи: 10
12-01-2017 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GUIDED DE-NOISING FOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Номер: US20170010224A1
Автор: Bouman Charles, Pal Debashish, SAUER KEN DAVID, TANG JIE, Thibault Jean-Baptiste, ZHANG RUOQIAO
Принадлежит:

A method includes obtaining spectral computed tomography (CT) information via an acquisition unit having an X-ray source and a CT detector. The method also includes, generating, with one or more processing units, using at least one image transform, a first basis image and a second basis image using the spectral CT information. Further, the method includes performing, with the one or more processing units, guided processing on the second basis image using the first basis image as a guide to provide a modified second basis image. Also, the method includes performing at least one inverse image transform using the first basis image and the modified second basis image to generate at least one modified image. 1. A method comprising:obtaining spectral computed tomography (CT) information via an acquisition unit comprising an X-ray source and a CT detector;generating, with one or more processing units, using at least one image transform, a first basis image and a second basis image using the spectral CT information;performing, with the one or more processing units, guided processing on the second basis image using the first basis image as a guide to provide a modified second basis image;performing a first inverse image transform using the first basis image and the modified second basis image to provide a first modified image; andperforming a second inverse image transform using the first basis image and the modified second basis image to provide a second modified image.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spectral CT information includes dual energy CT information including first energy projection data and second energy projection data corresponding to first and second energies claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , and wherein generating the first basis image and the second basis image using at least one image transform comprises:performing a first material decomposition to provide a first material image using the first energy projection data and the second energy projection ...

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Номер записи: 11
03-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING NUCLEAR ENERGY SPECTRUM

Номер: US20220035058A1
Автор: LIANG Weiping
Принадлежит:

This application discloses a method and an apparatus for processing a nuclear energy spectrum. The apparatus includes: a detector, a nuclear pulse processing module, and a nuclear energy spectrum processing module; the detector is configured to detect nuclear radiation and convert the nuclear radiation into nuclear pulse signals with corresponding amplitudes; the nuclear pulse processing module is configured to shape the nuclear pulse signals into narrow pulses, and perform amplitude analysis on the narrow pulses to generate the nuclear energy spectrum; the nuclear energy spectrum processing module is configured to reduce a value of an energy resolution of the nuclear energy spectrum to obtain the nuclear energy spectrum with the energy resolution of the reduced value. 1. An apparatus for processing a nuclear energy spectrum , comprising a detector , a nuclear pulse processing module , and a nuclear energy spectrum processing module;wherein the detector is configured to detect nuclear radiation and convert the nuclear radiation into nuclear pulse signals with corresponding amplitudes;the nuclear pulse processing module is configured to shape the nuclear pulse signals into narrow pulses, and perform amplitude analysis on the narrow pulses to generate the nuclear energy spectrum; andthe nuclear energy spectrum processing module is configured to reduce a value of an energy resolution of the nuclear energy spectrum, to obtain the nuclear energy spectrum with the energy resolution of the reduced value.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the nuclear energy spectrum processing module is further configured to perform quantitative analysis on the nuclear energy spectrum with the energy resolution of the reduced value claim 1 , to obtain characteristic information of the nuclear radiation;wherein the characteristic information of the nuclear radiation comprises at least one of the following information:an energy of the nuclear radiation, an intensity of the ...

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Номер записи: 12
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Apparatus and method for spectrum estimation

Номер: US20140105364A1
Автор: Dong Goo Kang, Hyun Hwa Oh, Jae Hyun Kwon, Seok Min Han, Sung Hoon KANG, Sung Su Kim, Young Hun Sung
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

Provided is an apparatus for spectrum estimation. The apparatus includes a threshold setter which sets at least one threshold in order to separate a spectrum into at least one energy bin; a reference value setter which sets one of the at least one threshold as a reference threshold; a threshold adjuster which adjusts the at least one threshold based on a predetermined condition; a comparer which compares the reference threshold with the adjusted threshold; and an output unit which outputs a spectrum in which the adjusted threshold is set, when a value which is determined based on the comparison result corresponds to a predetermined maximum value.

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Номер записи: 13
28-01-2016 дата публикации

Magnetron sputtering gun assembly

Номер: US20160025871A1
Автор: Bo-Huei Liao, Chien-Nan Hsiao
Принадлежит: NATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES

A magnetron sputtering gun device used in vacuum for sputtering to form a thin film, which comprises a magnet copper seat, a magnetic element, a conductive element, a sputtering target, a target fixation assembly, a cylinder-shape protection mask, and a sputtering inclination assembly. By enhancing the magnet copper seat, the magnetron sputtering gun device is equipped with capability of increased film coating speed and increased compound ability between the thin film and the reaction gas. A ferromagnetic material may be coated. The magnet copper seat may be designed so that the sputtering target and strong magnets therewithin may be conveniently detached. In this structure, a cooling water tubing and the strong magnets are separated, lengthening a lifetime of the strong magnets and protecting the strong magnets from demagnetization. The sputtering inclination assembly may further increase a uniformity of the thin film thickness.

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Номер записи: 14
25-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING THE INTRINSIC DIMENSIONS OF RADIATION SENSORS, PARTICULARLY IONIZING RADIATION SENSORS, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME

Номер: US20180024259A1
Автор: GUILLOT Nicolas, Saurel Nicolas
Принадлежит: Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives

A method for quantifying intrinsic dimensions of radiation sensors, particularly ionizing radiation sensors, and a device for implementing the method. The method for quantifying the intrinsic dimensions of a radiation sensor includes: defining and modeling the sensor using a schematic diagram of the sensor, determining via numerical computation and via experimental design theory elements that affect the sensor, measuring various specific spatial positions around the sensor, via a multi-frequency calibration source of the radiation, and designing, via experimental design theory, the elements that affect a response of the sensor. 18-. (canceled)9. A method of quantifying intrinsic dimensions of a radiation sensor comprising:defining and producing a model of the sensor, starting from a block diagram of the sensor;using a digital calculation, determining influential elements of the sensor, through use of experience plans theory;making measurements, for each particular position in a space around the sensor, using a standard multifrequency source of the radiation; anddetermining sizes of the elements that influence a response of the sensor, through use of the experience plans theory.10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the determining the influential elements of the sensor is followed by a verification using a residue analysis method claim 9 , to assure that no influential element has been omitted.11. A method according to claim 9 , wherein a source is rotated around the sensor to make measurements at plural angles and at least one given distance from the sensor.12. A method according to claim 9 , wherein an attempt is made to find an optimum level of each influential element of the sensor.13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein a generalized reduced gradient method is used to find the optimum level.14. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the source is a standard multifrequency source of ionizing radiation with a known activity to quantify the intrinsic ...

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Номер записи: 15
10-02-2022 дата публикации

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, MEASURING METHOD OF THE SAME, SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND SOLAR CELL

Номер: US20220045292A1
Автор: ARAI RYOJI, KANEDA Yukio, Moriwaki Toshiki
Принадлежит:

The present technology relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a measuring method of the same, a solid-state imaging device, an electronic device, and a solar cell capable of further improving a quantum efficiency in a photoelectric conversion element using a photoelectric conversion layer including an organic semiconductor material. The photoelectric conversion element includes two electrodes forming a positive electrode () and a negative electrode (), at least one charge blocking layer () arranged between the two electrodes, and a photoelectric conversion layer () arranged between the two electrodes. The at least one charge blocking layer is an electron blocking layer () or a hole blocking layer (), and a potential of the charge blocking layer is bent. The present technology is applied to, for example, a solid-state imaging device, a solar cell, and the like having a photoelectric conversion element. 1. A photoelectric conversion element , comprising:a positive electrode;a negative electrode;at least one charge blocking layer arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and the at least one charge blocking layer comprises two electron blocking layers,', 'the two electron blocking layers comprises a first electron blocking layer and a second electron blocking layer,', 'an acceptor impurity density of the first electron blocking layer is different from that of an acceptor impurity density of the second electron blocking layer,', 'positions X1, X2, and X3 are located at specific distances x1, x2, and x3, wherein x1, x2, and x3 satisfies a condition x1Δ(1) and Δ(2)>Δ(3)\u2003\u2003(1).'}, 'absolute values ΔE(X1), ΔE(X2), and ΔE(X3) of a difference between an electron affinity Ea of the electron blocking layer and a work function WF of the ...

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Номер записи: 16
12-02-2015 дата публикации

PORTABLE RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20150041651A1
Автор: Joung Jinhun
Принадлежит: Nutec Solutions, Inc.

A hand-held portable radiation detection device, such as a radiation isotopic identification device (RIID), is integrated with a personal digital assistant device (PDA), such as a smart phone, to provide with improved data processing capability and user interface. The PDA is configured to receive and process data received from the radiation detection device. 1. A portable radiation detection system , comprising: at least one radiation detector configured to detect radiation and generate electronic signals;', 'a first signal processing unit configured to process the electronic signals and generate digitized data;', 'a first communication unit configured to transmit the digitized data;', 'wherein the at least one radiation detector, the first signal processing unit, and the first communication unit are housed in an outer casing;, 'a radiation detection subsystem including a second signal processing unit configured to process the digitized data received from the radiation detection subsystem;', 'a user interface unit;', 'a second communication unit configured to communicate with the first communication unit to receive the digitized data;, 'a personal digital assistant (PDA) includinga mounting unit attached to the outer casing and configured to hold the PDA, and wherein the outer casing includes a recessed portion configured to receive the PDA therein in a closed position, wherein the mounting unit includes a hinge, a holder, and an attachment element, wherein the holder is attached to one end of the hinge, and the outer casing is attached to the opposite end of the hinge via the attachment element, wherein the holder is configured to hold the PDA.2. The portable radiation detection system of claim wherein the at least one radiation detector includes a gamma-ray detector having gamma-ray spectroscopic radiation measurement capability , a gas tube based gamma detector for measuring high count-rate gamma-ray radiation , and a neutron detector for measuring neutron ...

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Номер записи: 17
12-02-2015 дата публикации

METHOD OF ANALYSING THE CHANGES IN GEOMETRY OF AN IRRADIATED FUEL

Номер: US20150041670A1
Автор: LACROIX Brigitte, LOUBET Laurent, MARTELLA Thierry, NOIROT Jean
Принадлежит:

A method for analysing at least one fuel rod comprising a stack of nuclear fuel, a rod comprising packed zones completely filled with fuel and intermediate zones partially full of fuel, comprises: acquiring a count profile associated with a non-migrating isotope, a profile being made up of spectrometry measurements taken along the rod for this isotope; determining a set of at least one indicator K_i that makes it possible to quantify the reduction in material at an intermediate zone of index i, the said indicator being deduced from the count profile; detecting the change in geometry by comparing the set of at least one indicator K_i against a set of at least one reference value RK indicative of the initial geometry of the nuclear fuel stack. 1. A method for analysing at least one fuel rod comprising a stack of nuclear fuel , a rod comprising packed zones completely filled with fuel and intermediate zones partially full of fuel , the method comprising the following steps:acquiring a count profile associated with a non-migrating isotope, a profile being made up of spectrometry measurements taken along the rod for this isotope;determining a set of at least one indicator K_i that makes it possible to quantify the reduction in material at an intermediate zone of index i, the said indicator being deduced from the count profile;detecting the change in geometry by comparing the set of at least one indicator K_i against a set of at least one reference value RK indicative of the initial geometry of the nuclear fuel stack.2. The analysis method according to claim 1 , comprising a step of estimating the location of the intermediate zones by analysing the count profile.3. The analysis method according to claim 1 , in which the change in geometry is detected in step for at least one intermediate zone and deduced by statistical analysis of the indicators of K_i claim 1 , a change in geometry being flagged when at least one value K_i is incompatible with a theoretical measurement ...

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Номер записи: 18
06-02-2020 дата публикации

RADIATION IMAGING APPARATUS, RADIATION IMAGING SYSTEM, RADIATION IMAGING METHOD, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM

Номер: US20200041670A1
Автор: Ishioka Toshiya
Принадлежит:

The radiation imaging apparatus according to the present invention is a radiation imaging apparatus arranged to detect radiation and receive power in a non-contact manner, the radiation imaging apparatus including a control unit configured to stop at least one of the non-contact power reception of and the non-contact power supply to the radiation imaging apparatus depending on the state of the radiation imaging apparatus. 1. A radiation imaging apparatus , which is arranged to detect radiation and receive power in a non-contact manner , the radiation imaging apparatus comprising a control unit configured to stop at least one of non-contact power reception of and non-contact power supply to the radiation imaging apparatus depending on a state of the radiation imaging apparatus.2. The radiation imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to stop at least one of the non-contact power reception and the non-contact power supply if the radiation imaging apparatus is in a state in which the radiation is detectable.3. The radiation imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to stop at least one of the non-contact power reception and the non-contact power supply if the radiation imaging apparatus is in a state of acquiring an image by irradiation with the radiation from a radiation generator arranged to generate the radiation.4. The radiation imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to stop at least one of the non-contact power reception and the non-contact power supply if the radiation imaging apparatus is in a state of acquiring an image without irradiation with the radiation from a radiation generator arranged to generate the radiation.5. The radiation imaging apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a sensor arranged to detect the radiation as electric charges claim 1 ,wherein the control unit is configured to stop at least one of the non-contact ...

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Номер записи: 19
07-02-2019 дата публикации

RADIATION IMAGE CAPTURING SYSTEM

Номер: US20190042876A1
Автор: Iijima Tadahiko
Принадлежит:

A radiation image capturing system includes a plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses that each performs an image capturing operation to capture a radiation image based on radiation emitted from a radiation generating apparatus and transmitted through an object, a control apparatus that communicates with the plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses, a calculation unit that calculates information about similarity between the radiation image and a reference image, and an image acquisition unit that acquires the radiation image from the radiation image capturing apparatus selected from the plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses based on the information about similarity. 1. A radiation image capturing system comprising:a plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses each configured to perform an image capturing operation to capture a radiation image based on radiation emitted from a radiation generating apparatus and transmitted through an object;a control apparatus configured to communicate with the plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses;a calculation unit configured to calculate information about similarity between the radiation image and a reference image; andan image acquisition unit configured to acquire a radiation image from a radiation image capturing apparatus selected from the plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses based on the information about similarity.2. The radiation image capturing system according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses includes the calculation unit, andwherein the control apparatus includes the image acquisition unit.3. The radiation image capturing system according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the plurality of radiation image capturing apparatuses includes a communication unit configured to transmit image capturing information having a smaller data size than that of the radiation image, andwherein the control apparatus includes the ...

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Номер записи: 20
16-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT MICRO-SAMPLING ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS SALTS

Номер: US20170045423A1
Автор: Bailey James L., LAUNIERE Cari A., PEREIRA Candido, Wiedmeyer Stanley G.
Принадлежит: UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC

Briefly, the invention provides a method for analyzing molten salt electrolyte involving extracting a sample of a molten salt electrolyte from an electrorefiner or other process vessel or conduit; generating droplets from the sample, where the droplets are at a first temperature; transporting the droplets to detectors, where during transport, the droplets attain a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature; analyzing the droplets at or below the second temperature; and returning the droplets to the process. Also provided is a system for analyzing molten salt electrolyte using a droplet generator. 1. A method for analyzing a process fluid , said method comprising the steps of:a) extracting fluid from a process stream;b) generating droplets from the extracted fluid, wherein the droplets are at a first temperature;c) transporting the droplets to detectors, wherein during transport, the droplets attain a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature;d) analyzing the droplets at or below the second temperature; ande) returning the droplets to the stream.2. The method of wherein the step of generating the droplets comprises directing the extracted fluid to a droplet generator comprising:a first molten salt reservoir and a second molten salt reservoir, where the first molten salt reservoir is positioned above the second molt salt reservoir;a first molten salt conduit providing fluid communication between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, wherein the first conduit defines an upstream region having a first cross sectional area and a downstream region having a second cross sectional area which is reversibly constricted.a midstream region of the conduit forming an aperture such that the aperture resides between the upstream region and the downstream region of the first conduit;and a means of molten salt egress from a depending end of the downstream region of the first molten salt conduit, said egress means positioned between the ...

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Номер записи: 21
03-03-2022 дата публикации

METHODS FOR CALIBRATING A SPECTRAL X-RAY IMAGING SYSTEM TO PERFORM MATERIAL DECOMPOSITION

Номер: US20220061794A1
Автор: Inglese Jean-Marc, Loustauneau Vincent, Schildkraut Jay S., Subramanyan Krishnamoorthy
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure describes methods for calibrating a spectral X-ray system to perform material decomposition with a single scan of an energy discriminating detector or with a single scan at each used X-ray spectrum. The methods may include material pathlengths exceeding the size of the volume reconstructable by the system. Example embodiments include physical and matching calibration phantoms. The physical calibration phantom is used to measure the attenuation of X-rays passing therethrough with all combinations of pathlengths through the calibration's basis materials. The matching digital calibration phantom is registered with the physical calibration phantom and is used to calculate the pathlength though each material for each measured attenuation value. A created data structure includes the X-ray attenuation for each X-ray spectrum or detector energy bin for all combinations of basis material pathlengths. The data structure is usable to perform a material decomposition on the X-ray projection of an imaged object.

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Номер записи: 22
03-03-2022 дата публикации

STRIP PIXEL DETECTOR

Номер: US20220066057A1
Автор: CAO Peiyan, LIU Yurun
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is a detector, comprising: a plurality of strip pixels, wherein each of the strip pixel is configured to count numbers of radiation photons incident thereon whose energy falls in a plurality of bins, within a period of time. 1. A detector , comprising:a plurality of strip pixels, wherein each of the strip pixels is configured to count numbers of radiation photons incident thereon whose energy falls in a plurality of bins, within a period of time;wherein the detector is configured to add the numbers of radiation photons for the bins of the same energy range counted by all the strip pixels.2. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the strip pixels are arranged in an array.3. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the strip pixels are configured to receive radiation photons from a sidewall of an absorption layer of the detector.4. The detector of claim 1 , wherein each of the strip pixels comprises an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to digitize an analog signal representing the energy of an incident radiation photon into a digital signal.5. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the strip pixels are configured to operate in parallel.6. A system comprising the detector of claim 1 , and a radiation source claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to perform radiation radiography on human chest or abdomen.7. A system comprising the detector of claim 1 , and a radiation source claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to perform radiation radiography on human teeth.8. A cargo scanning or non-intrusive inspection (NII) system claim 1 , comprising the detector of claim 1 , and a radiation source claim 1 , wherein the cargo scanning or non-intrusive inspection (NII) system is configured to identify elements by energy dispersive analysis using radiation transmitted through an object inspected.9. A cargo scanning or non-intrusive inspection (NII) system claim 1 , comprising the detector of claim 1 , and a high-energy X-ray source claim 1 , or gamma ray source ...

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Номер записи: 23
14-02-2019 дата публикации

X-Ray Analyzer and Spectrum Generation Method

Номер: US20190049396A1
Автор: Takanori Murano
Принадлежит: Jeol Ltd

An X-ray analyzer includes: a detector which detects X-rays generated from a specimen; a cooling element which cools the detector; and a spectrum generating unit which generates a spectrum based on a detection signal of the detector. The spectrum generating unit corrects an attenuation of intensity of a spectrum attributable to contamination of the detector, based on an elapsed time from a reference time until the X-rays are detected.

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Номер записи: 24
15-05-2014 дата публикации

GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY MONITORING METHOD AND APPARATUS

Номер: US20140131584A1
Автор: Policke Timothy A., Stagg William R.
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to the field of gamma ray spectroscopy monitoring and a system for accomplishing same to monitor one or more aspects of various isotope production processes. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a monitoring system, and method of utilizing same, for monitoring one or more aspects of an isotope production process where the monitoring system comprises: (A) at least one sample cell; (B) at least one measuring port; (C) at least one adjustable collimator device; (D) at least one shutter; and (E) at least one high resolution gamma ray spectrometer. 1. A gamma ray spectroscopy monitoring system comprising:(i) at least one sample cell located inside a hot cell that is connected to a medical isotope reactor;(ii) at least one measuring port located in and through the hot cell and/or a hot cell wall, the measuring port forming at least one gamma ray window through the hot cell and/or a hot cell wall, where the measuring port has an inner gamma ray transparent plug located at the internal end thereof and an outer gamma ray transparent plug located at the external end thereof;(iii) at least one adjustable collimator device operably coupled to the at least one measuring port;(iv) at least one shutter located outside of the hot cell and operatively coupled to the outer end of the measuring port; and(v) at least one high resolution gamma ray spectrometer operably coupled to the hot cell and positioned in such a manner that gamma rays from the hot cell are supplied to the at least one high resolution gamma ray spectrometer through at least one opening in the shutter that is transparent to gamma rays.2. The gamma ray spectroscopy monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the outer transparent plug is formed from a polymethyl methacrylate resin.3. The gamma ray spectroscopy monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein either one or both of the inner and/or outer transparent plug are formed from a suitable metal or metal alloy material.4. ...

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Номер записи: 25
10-03-2022 дата публикации

RADIATION IMAGING APPARATUS, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SAME, AND STORAGE MEDIUM

Номер: US20220075084A1
Автор: Torii Sota
Принадлежит:

An apparatus includes a detection unit including a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged pixels with a plurality of lines located between adjacent pixels, configured to detect an incident radiation and output signals related to a radiation image, a calculation unit configured to calculate a crosstalk ratio related to crosstalk occurring between the adjacent pixels with the plurality of lines therebetween in the detection unit, and a correction unit configured to make a correction to pixel data on a pixel affected by the crosstalk among a plurality of pieces of pixel data constituting the radiation image based on the crosstalk ratio. 1. An apparatus comprising:a detection unit including a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged pixels with a plurality of lines located between adjacent pixels, configured to detect an incident radiation and output signals related to a radiation image;a calculation unit configured to calculate a crosstalk ratio related to crosstalk occurring between the adjacent pixels with the plurality of lines therebetween in the detection unit; anda correction unit configured to make a correction to pixel data on a pixel affected by the crosstalk among a plurality of pieces of pixel data constituting the radiation image based on the crosstalk ratio.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the detection unit includes two signal lines as the plurality of lines claim 1 , the two signal lines being two lines arranged to correspond to the respective adjacent pixels and configured to output the signals of the respective pixels.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the correction unit is configured to correct the pixel data on a pixel from which the signal is output later to the signal line than the adjacent pixel thereto.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the correction unit is configured to calculate a crosstalk correction amount based on the crosstalk ratio and the radiation image claim 1 , and make the correction by ...

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Номер записи: 26
21-02-2019 дата публикации

INDIRECT PHOTON-COUNTING ANALYTICAL X-RAY DETECTOR

Номер: US20190056514A1
Автор: DURST Roger D., Jiang Hao, KAERCHER Joerg
Принадлежит:

An indirect, photon-counting X-ray detector capable of detecting the low-energy X-rays includes a scintillator screen that is directly coupled to a two-dimensional optical sensor. A signal filter receives an electrical output signal from the optical sensor and removes high intensity signal contributions therefrom that are indicative of direct interaction between said X-ray signal and said optical sensor. The scintillator screen has a sufficient thickness to ensure a high absorption of incident X-ray photons, and uses phosphor grains with a relatively small grain size. A cooling apparatus in thermal communication with the optical sensor may be used to control its temperature. The signal filter maintains a running average of changes in measured pixel output values for consecutive measurements, and replaces a measured value caused by a direct interaction event with a value equal to a previous measured value plus said running average. 1. A two-dimensional , indirect photon-counting X-ray detector for an analytical X-ray system comprising:a scintillator screen that absorbs an incident X-ray signal in a two-dimensional detection area and emits an optical signal in response thereto that has a common spatial distribution with the incident X-ray signal;a two-dimensional optical sensor coupled directly to the scintillator screen that detects said optical signal emitted thereby and generates an electrical output signal indicative of said spatial distribution of the detected optical signal; anda signal filter that receives the electrical output signal and removes high intensity signal contributions therefrom that are indicative of direct interaction between said X-ray signal and said optical sensor.2. An X-ray detector according to wherein the material and the thickness of the scintillator screen are sufficient to ensure an absorption of 99.9% of incident X-ray photons.3. An X-ray detector according to wherein the energy range of incident X-ray photons is in a range of 5-12 keV ...

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Номер записи: 27
01-03-2018 дата публикации

APPARATUSES FOR PROCESSING SIGNALS FOR A PLURALITY OF ENERGY REGIONS, AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING RADIATION OF A PLURALITY OF ENERGY REGIONS

Номер: US20180059269A1
Автор: Cao Xuepeng, Du Yingshuai, GU Jianping, Hu Haifan, Li Bo, LI JUN, Liu Bicheng, Wu Zonggui, Xu Guangming, Zhang Lan
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for processing signals for a plurality of energy regions, and a system and method for detecting radiation of a plurality of energy regions. The apparatus for processing signals for a plurality of energy regions may comprise: a first processor, configured to receive a signal from a detector and process the received signal to generate a gated signal, wherein a turn-on period of the gated signal represents magnitude of the received signal; and a second processor, configured to receive the gated signal from the first processor, and determine one of the plurality of energy regions to which the received signal belongs according to the turn-on period of the gated signal, so as to count signals within the determined energy region. 1. An apparatus for processing signals for a plurality of energy regions , comprising:a first processor, configured to receive a signal from a detector and process the received signal to generate a gated signal, wherein a turn-on period of the gated signal represents magnitude of the received signal; anda second processor, configured to receive the gated signal from the first processor, and determine one of the plurality of energy regions to which the received signal belongs according to the turn-on period of the gated signal, so as to count signals within the determined energy region.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first processor is further configured to: find a peak of the received signal; attenuate the received signal from the peak according to a predetermined attenuation scheme; and turn on the gated signal in response to the amplitude of the received signal reaching the peak claim 1 , and turn off the gated signal in response to the received signal being attenuated to a predetermined threshold.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first processor is implemented with an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second processor further ...

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Номер записи: 28
28-02-2019 дата публикации

X-RAY SPECTROMETER

Номер: US20190064084A1
Автор: "ONeil Galen", Alpert Bradley K., Avila Luis Miaja, Doriese William Bertrand, Fowler Joseph, Fullagar Wilfred K., Hilton Gene, Jimenez Ralph, Joe Young, Maasilta Ilari, Reintsema Carl, Schmidt Daniel, Silverman Kevin, Sundstrom Villy, Swetz Daniel, Uhlig Jens, Ullom Joel
Принадлежит:

An x-ray spectrometer includes: an x-ray plasma source that produces first x-rays; an x-ray optic in optical communication with the x-ray plasma source and that: receives the first x-rays from the x-ray plasma source; focuses the first x-rays to produce second x-rays; and communicates the second x-rays to a sample that produces product x-rays in response to receipt of the second x-rays and second light; and a microcalorimeter array detector in optical communication with the sample and that receives the product x-rays from the sample. 1. An x-ray spectrometer comprising:an x-ray plasma source that produces first x-rays; receives the first x-rays from the x-ray plasma source;', 'focuses the first x-rays to produce second x-rays; and', 'communicates the second x-rays to a sample that produces product x-rays in response to receipt of the second x-rays and second light; and, 'an x-ray optic in optical communication with the x-ray plasma source and thata microcalorimeter array detector in optical communication with the sample and that receives the product x-rays from the sample.2. The x-ray spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising a second light source in optical communication with the sample and that produces the second light and communicates the second light to the sample claim 1 ,wherein the sample produces the product x-rays in response to receipt of the second x-rays and the second light.3. The x-ray spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising a first light source in optical communication with the x-ray plasma source and that produces first light and communicates the first light to the x-ray plasma source claim 1 ,wherein the x-ray plasma source produces the first x-rays in response to receipt of the first light.4. The x-ray spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising an analyzer in electrical communication with the microcalorimeter array detector and that receives a detector signal from the microcalorimeter array detector.5. The x-ray spectrometer of claim 4 , ...

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Номер записи: 29
29-05-2014 дата публикации

System And Method For Gain Regulation

Номер: US20140145072A1
Автор: Adolph Robert A.
Принадлежит: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

Disclosed herein is a system for fast gain regulation in a gamma-ray spectroscopy instrument. The system includes a detector configured to generate a signal indicative of energy arriving at the detector, and a processor configured to determine one or more system performance indicators. The system also includes a controller configured to compute a first gain correction term based on one of more system performance indicators and change the device gain based on the computed first gain correction tem. 1. A system for fast gain regulation in a gamma-ray spectroscopy instrument , comprising:a detector configured to generate a signal indicative of energy arriving at the detector;a processor configured to determine one or more system performance indicators;a controller configured to compute a first gain correction term based on one or more system performance indicators and change the device gain based on the computed first gain correction term.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to compute a second gain correction term based on one or more measured spectral features and combine the second gain correction term with the first gain correction term and to change the device gain based on the combination.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller computes the first gain correction term concurrently at a first rate while computing the second gain correction term at a slower second rate.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more system performance indicators comprise one selected from the group consisting of total count rate at the detector claim 1 , peak count rate at the detector claim 1 , average detector current claim 1 , and peak detector current.5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the combination comprises the first gain correction term added to the second gain correction term to result in an amount by which the device gain is adjusted.6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the combination comprises the second gain correction term ...

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Номер записи: 30
10-03-2016 дата публикации

COUNT-WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR A PHOTON-COUNTING DETECTOR

Номер: US20160070008A1
Автор: CAO Chunguang, Wang Xiaolan, ZOU Yu
Принадлежит:

A method and apparatus for estimating a parameter vector including a plurality of parameters of a detector response model of a photon-counting detector. The method includes calculating a modeled spectrum based on an input spectrum and an initial value of the plurality of parameters. For each detector, a difference between the normalized photon count of the measured spectrum and the normalized modeled spectrum is calculated. A root mean square error (RMSE) between the measured and modeled spectra is obtained by squaring the normalized difference and weighting the normalized difference by a weighting factor. The parameter vector is updated until an optimum RMSE value is achieved. Upon determining optimal values of the parameter vector, measured data that is obtained via a patient scan is corrected based on the optimal parameter vector. 1. A method for determining an optimal parameter vector , the parameter vector including a plurality of parameters of a detector response model of a photon-counting detector , the method comprising:determining a normalized measured photon count for each energy bin of the photon-counting detector;setting an initial incident photon spectrum and an initial value for each parameter of the plurality of parameters;calculating, using the detector response model, a normalized modeled photon count for each energy bin of the photon-counting detector, based on the incident photon spectrum and the plurality of parameters;computing, for each energy bin, a square of a difference between the normalized measured photon count and the normalized modeled photon count;weighting the computed square of each energy bin by a weighting factor to generate weighted squares;summing the weighted squares of each energy bin and computing a root-mean-square error for the photon-counting detector;updating at least one of the parameter of the parameter vector; andrepeating the calculating, computing, weighting, summing, and updating steps until a stopping criteria is ...

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Номер записи: 31
24-03-2022 дата публикации

NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY SYSTEM AND TARGET FOR PARTICLE BEAM GENERATING DEVICE

Номер: US20220088416A1
Автор: Chen Wei-Lin, Liu Yuan-Hao
Принадлежит:

A neutron capture therapy system and a target for a particle beam generating device, which may improve the heat dissipation performance of the target, reduce blistering and extend the service life of the target. The neutron capture therapy system includes a neutron generating device and a beam shaping assembly. The neutron generating device includes an accelerator and a target, and a charg\ed particle beam generated by acceleration of the accelerator interacts with the target to generate a neutron beam. The target includes an acting layer, a backing layer and a heat dissipating structure, the acting layer interacts with the charged particle beam to generate the neutron beam, the backing layer supports the action layer, and the heat dissipating structure includes a tubular member composed of tubes arranged side by side. 1. A neutron capture therapy system , comprising: an acting layer for interacting with the charged particle beam to generate the neutron beam,', 'a backing layer for supporting the acting layer, wherein the acting layer is disposed on the backing layer, and', 'a heat dissipating structure including a tubular member composed of tubes arranged side by side, wherein the acting layer and the backing layer are disposed on the tubular member such that a respective portion of the acting layer is disposed on each of the tubes of the tubular member, and a respective portion of the backing layer is disposed between the respective portion of the acting layer and each of the tubes of the tubular member; and', a moderator for decelerating the neutron generated from the target to the epithermal neutron energy region,', 'a reflector surrounding the moderator, wherein the reflector directs the deviating neutron back to the moderator to enhance intensity of the epithermal neutron beam,', 'a thermal neutron absorber provided to absorb thermal neutrons to avoid overdosing in superficial normal tissue during therapy,', 'a radiation shield arranged at the rear of the ...

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Номер записи: 32
24-03-2022 дата публикации

Apparatus and process for optimizing radiation detection counting times using machine learning

Номер: US20220091282A1
Автор: Jessica Ryan Curtis, Ophir Frieder, Steven Richard Reese
Принадлежит: Oregon State University

A method is provided to reduce the counting times in radiation detection systems using machine learning, wherein the method comprises: receiving output data from a detector which is to detect a target material from a target body; analyzing the output data; identifying a material of interest from the analyzed output data; and controlling a source of the target material to prevent the source from harming the target body. An apparatus is also provided which comprises: a detector to detect radiation and to provide an output data in real-time; and a processor coupled to the detector, wherein the processor is to: receive the output data; analyze the output data; identify a material of interest from the analyzed output data; and control a source of the target material.

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Номер записи: 33
24-03-2022 дата публикации

NEUTRAL ATOM IMAGING UNIT, NEUTRAL ATOM IMAGER, NEUTRAL ATOM IMAGING METHOD, AND SPACE DETECTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20220091285A1
Автор: Chen Hongfei, SHI WEIHONG, WANG LINGHUA, WANG YONGFU, YU XIANGQIAN, ZHOU Lyu, ZONG QIUGANG, ZOU Hong
Принадлежит: PEKING UNIVERSITY

The present disclosure provides a neutral atom imaging unit, a neutral atom imager, a neutral atom imaging method, and a space detection system. The neutral atom imaging unit includes at least one set of detection units, the at least one set of detection units includes: at least one semiconductor detector line array, each semiconductor detector line array includes a semiconductor detector strip composed of a plurality of semiconductor detectors; and at least one modulation grid. The modulation grid includes a slit and a slat forming the slit; the modulation grid includes a plurality of grid periods, each of the grid periods includes n slits, the width of the semiconductor detector strip is d, and the width (w) of the i-th slit of the modulation grid satisfies the following relationship: 2. The neutral atom imaging unit according to claim 1 , wherein in each of the grid periods claim 1 , a width of a narrowest slit and a width of the slat forming the narrowest slit are the same as a width of the semiconductor detector strip.3. The neutral atom imaging unit according to claim 1 , wherein lengths of the plurality of grid periods of the modulation grid are the same claim 1 , the i-th slit in each grid period corresponds to an i-th slat claim 1 , and the i-th slit has the same width as the i-th slat.4. The neutral atom imaging unit according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness t of the modulation grid satisfies: t≤¼d.6. The neutral atom imaging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the modulation grid includes m grid periods claim 1 , m≥2 and n≥8.7. The neutral atom imaging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the neutral atom imaging unit further comprises a collimation-and-deflection module claim 1 , the collimation-and-deflection module is arranged in front of a modulation grid of at least one detection unit claim 1 , and the collimation-and-deflection module includes a collimator and a deflection plate.8. A neutral atom imager claim 1 , comprising at least one imaging ...

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Номер записи: 34
16-03-2017 дата публикации

Method for improving the energy resolution of gamma ray scintillation detectors; associated system, component and applications

Номер: US20170074992A1
Автор: Alain Iltis, Hichem Robert René SNOUSSI
Принадлежит: Individual

The invention concerns a method for improving the energy resolution of a gamma ray detector comprising a monolithic scintillator and a photodetector segmented during a scintillation event characterised by the following steps:—detecting the time of arrival of the first photons on said photodetector;—counting, during a period T, which is between 2 and 6 times a transfer time (Te), the number and location of the first detected non-scattered photons;—determining the diameter and the position of a disk defined by a set of first non-scattered photons;—determining the position (X, Y) of a scintillation event from the location of said first detected non-scattered photons;—counting the number of the first detected non-scattered photons inside said disk during a period Td greater than a decay time (τ) of the scintillator;—defining the energy of a gamma photon, said energy being proportional to the number of non-scattered photons counted inside the disc. The invention also concerns the associated detection system, the microelectronic component and a scintillator crystal treated for use in a PET application, and the use of the detection system according to the invention in PET and SPECT imagers.

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Номер записи: 35
26-03-2015 дата публикации

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS WITH RADIOACTIVE SOURCE MATERIAL AND RADIATION DETECTION

Номер: US20150084776A1
Автор: Gordon Michael S., Rodbell Kenneth P.
Принадлежит: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Radioactive integrated circuit (IC) devices with radioactive material embedded in the substrate of the IC itself, and including logic for “fingerprinting” (that is, determining characteristics that identify the source of the radioactive source material). Radioactive IC devices with embedded detector hardware that determine aspects of radioactivity such as total dose and/or ambient radiation. Radioactive IC devices that can determine an elapsed time based on radioactive decay rates. Radioactive smoke detector using man-made, relatively short half-life radioactive source material. 1. A method of identifying circuitry , the method comprising:providing a device including a circuitry hardware set and a radioactive source, with the radioactive source mechanically connected to the circuitry hardware set and with the radioactive source having a predetermined radioactivity fingerprint having a set of radioactivity fingerprint characteristics including at least a first radioactivity fingerprint characteristic;detecting at least some radioactivity fingerprint characteristic(s) based on radiation emitted by the radioactive source; andidentifying at least a first identification characteristic of the circuitry hardware set based, at least in part, upon the detected radioactivity fingerprint characteristic(s).2. The method of wherein the first identification characteristic is one of the following: authenticity of the circuitry claim 1 , manufacturing location of the circuitry claim 1 , manufacturing entity of the circuitry claim 1 , date of manufacture of the circuitry claim 1 , designated customer for the circuitry claim 1 , model/revision of the circuitry claim 1 , warranty policy associated with the circuitry claim 1 , a serial number which is unique on a per circuit basis claim 1 , port mapping for the circuitry claim 1 , identification of software claim 1 , hardware and/or firmware authorized to be used with the circuitry and/or intended geographic market for the circuitry.3. ...

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Номер записи: 36
22-03-2018 дата публикации

A DETECTOR FOR X-RAY FLUORESCENCE

Номер: US20180081071A1
Автор: CAO Peiyan, LIU Yurun
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is a detector, comprising: a plurality of pixels, each pixel configured to count numbers of X-ray photons incident thereon whose energy falls in a plurality of bins, within a period of time; and wherein the detector is configured to add the numbers of X-ray photons for the bins of the same energy range counted by all the pixels. Each of the pixels may comprise an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to digitize an analog signal representing the energy of an incident X-ray photon into a digital signal. The pixels may be able to operate in parallel. Each of the pixels may be able to measure its dark current, such as before or concurrently with each X-ray photon incident thereon. 1. A detector , comprising:a plurality of pixels, each pixel configured to count numbers of X-ray photons incident thereon whose energy falls in a plurality of bins, within a period of time; andwherein the detector is configured to add the numbers of X-ray photons for the bins of the same energy range counted by all the pixels.2. The detector of claim 1 , further configured to compile the added numbers as a spectrum of the X-ray photons incident on the detector.3. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pixels area arranged in an array.4. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the pixels are configured to count the numbers of X-ray photons within a same period of time.5. The detector of claim 1 , wherein each of the pixels comprises an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to digitize an analog signal representing the energy of an incident X-ray photon into a digital signal.6. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the pixels are configured to operate in parallel.7. The detector of claim 1 , wherein each of the pixels is configured to measure its dark current.8. The detector of claim 7 , wherein each of the pixels is configured to measure its dark current before or concurrently with each X-ray photon incident thereon.9. The detector of claim 7 , wherein each of ...

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Номер записи: 37
24-03-2016 дата публикации

Multi-Spectral X-Ray Detection Apparatus

Номер: US20160084973A1
Автор: Gibson Gary, Scott Paul
Принадлежит: IBEX Innovations Ltd.

An x-ray X-ray imaging apparatus includes an x-ray detector () that is configured to convert incident x-ray wavelength photons directly into electronic signals, a position for a material under test (), an x-ray source (), and a structure () configured to perturb an x-ray energy spectrum, each lying on a common axis. The x-ray source () is arranged to direct an x-ray energy spectrum along the common axis to impinge upon the member, the structure () configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum, and positioned material under test (). The structure () lies between the x-ray source () and the member to one side of the position for material under test () intersecting the common axis, and the structure () includes at least three adjacent regions, each region different to immediately adjacent regions and configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum differently. 170-. (canceled)71. An x-ray/gamma-ray imaging apparatus , the apparatus including an x-ray/gamma-ray detector comprising a member configured to convert incident x-ray/gamma-ray wavelength photons directly into an electronic signal , a position for a material under test , an x-ray/gamma-ray source , and a structure configured to perturb an x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum , each lying on a common axis , wherein the x-ray/gamma-ray source is arranged to direct an x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum along the common axis to impinge upon the member , the structure configured to perturb the x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum , and a positioned material under test , wherein said structure lies between the x-ray/gamma-ray source and the member and to one side of the position for material under test , the said structure intersecting the common axis , wherein the said structure comprises at least three adjacent regions , each region different to immediately adjacent regions and configured to perturb the x-ray/gamma-ray energy spectrum differently.72. An x-ray/gamma-ray imaging apparatus according to claim 71 , wherein the x- ...

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Номер записи: 38
24-03-2016 дата публикации

Systems and Methods For The Automatic Detection of Lithium Batteries in Cargo, Baggage, Parcels, and Other Containers

Номер: US20160084984A1
Автор: Ed Franco, Jing Ye Shea, Jolyon Browne, Ling TANG, Minyang Huang
Принадлежит: Rapiscan Systems Inc

The present specification discloses methods for scanning objects for the presence of lithium batteries. Normalized transmission X-ray data is used to generate organic, effective Z, and attenuation-based images. These images are then segmented using a combination of thresholding and region growing techniques to identify regions of interest. The regions are classified as lithium batteries or other objects, based on characteristics such as area of the region, its organic intensity, Z eff number, shape, spatial arrangement and texture.

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Номер записи: 39
21-03-2019 дата публикации

SAMPLE COLLECTING DEVICE, SAMPLE COLLECTING METHOD, AND FLUORESCENT X-RAY ANALYSIS APPARTUS USING THE SAME

Номер: US20190086344A1
Автор: KURITA Seiitsu
Принадлежит:

Provided is a fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus, including: a collecting portion configured to drop a liquid droplet onto a substrate having an object to be measured on a surface thereof and move the dropped liquid droplet on the surface of the substrate to collect the object to be measured into the liquid droplet; a drying portion configured to dry the liquid droplet so that the object to be measured is held onto the surface of the substrate; an analysis portion configured to irradiate the object to be measured with an X-ray and perform quantitative analysis of an element contained in the object to be measured based on a fluorescent X-ray output from the object to be measured; a beam sensor configured to emit a laser having a band shape for detecting an amount of the liquid droplet separated from the collecting portion before the liquid droplet is dried after the object to be measured is collected; and a calculating portion configured to calculate a correction coefficient for correcting the amount of the liquid droplet or a quantitative analysis value of the object to be measured based on a detection result of the beam sensor. 1. A fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus , comprising:a collecting portion configured to drop a liquid droplet onto a substrate having an object to be measured on a surface thereof and move the dropped liquid droplet on the surface of the substrate to collect the object to be measured into the liquid droplet;a drying portion configured to dry the liquid droplet so that the object to be measured is held onto the surface of the substrate;an analysis portion configured to irradiate the object to be measured with an X-ray and perform quantitative analysis of an element contained in the object to be measured based on a fluorescent X-ray output from the object to be measured;a beam sensor configured to emit a laser having a band shape for detecting an amount of the liquid droplet separated from the collecting portion before the liquid droplet ...

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Номер записи: 40
21-03-2019 дата публикации

X-ray detection method and x-ray detector

Номер: US20190086562A1
Автор: Le SHEN, LI ZHANG, Liang Li, Xiaoyue GUO, Yuxiang Xing, Zhi Deng, Zhiqiang Chen
Принадлежит: Nuctech Co Ltd, TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY

An X-ray detection method and an X-ray detector are provided. The X-ray detection method according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes: dividing an energy range of photons emitted by an X-ray source into a number N of energy windows, where N is an integer greater than 0; obtaining a weighting factor for each of the number N of energy windows based on linear attenuation coefficients of a substance of interest and a background substance of an imaging target; obtaining a weighting factor matrix for M output channels of an X-ray detector based on the weighting factor for each of the number N of energy windows, where M is an integer greater than 0; and obtaining output results of the M output channels based on the weighting factor matrix and numbers of photons having an energy range falling into individual energy windows of the number N of energy windows.

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Номер записи: 41
05-05-2022 дата публикации

RADIATION DETECTION WITH NON-PARAMETRIC DECOMPOUNDING OF PULSE PILE-UP

Номер: US20220137111A1
Автор: Manton Jonathan, McLean Christopher, Pauley Michael
Принадлежит:

A method of determining a spectrum of energies of individual quanta of radiation received in a radiation detector is disclosed. Spectrum sensitive statistics are computed from a time series of digital observations from the radiation detector, defining a mapping from a density of amplitudes of the pulses to the spectrum sensitive statistics. The spectrum is determined by estimating the density of amplitudes of the pulses by applying an inversion of the mapping to the spectrum sensitive statistics. The statistics may be based on a first set of nonoverlapping time intervals of constant length L at least as long as a duration of the pulses without regard to entirety of clusters of the pulses; and a second set of nonoverlapping time intervals of constant length L1 less than L also without regard to entirety of clusters of the pulses. A method of estimating count rate is also disclosed.

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Номер записи: 42
09-04-2015 дата публикации

RADIATION IMAGE CAPTURE DEVICE, CONTROL METHOD FOR ERASING LIGHT SOURCE, AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM

Номер: US20150097127A1
Автор: KUWABARA Takao
Принадлежит: FUJIFILM Corporation

A radiation image capture device is provided that are capable of obtaining radiation images with better image quality than hitherto in both an imaging mode in which a radiation irradiation duration is comparatively short and radiation images are successively captured, and in an imaging mode in which the radiation irradiation duration is comparatively long. An erasing light source is deactivated throughout an imaging period in a first imaging mode in which a radiation detector generates image data of a radiation image based on radiation irradiated from a radiation source over a first irradiation duration. The erasing light source is activated over an imaging period in a second imaging mode in which the radiation detector generates image data of plural radiation images based on successively irradiated radiation from the radiation source over a second irradiation duration shorter than the first irradiation duration. 1. A radiation image capture device comprising:a radiation source that irradiates radiation toward an imaging subject;a radiation detector that includes a sensor portion configured to generate charges according to radiation irradiated from the radiation source through the imaging subject, that reads charges generated in the sensor portion, and that generates image data of a radiation image;an erasing light source that illuminates the radiation detector with erasing light to erase charge remaining in the sensor portion; anda controller that, in a first imaging mode in which the radiation detector generates image data of a radiation image based on radiation irradiated from the radiation source over a first irradiation duration, places the erasing light source in a deactivated state at least from a start of radiation irradiation until completion of charge reading by the radiation detector, and that, in a second imaging mode in which the radiation detector generates image data of a plurality of radiation images based on successively irradiated radiation from ...

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Номер записи: 43
28-03-2019 дата публикации

Techniques for producing an image of radioactive emissions using a Compton camera and Compton lines

Номер: US20190094390A1
Автор: A. Sam Beddar, Dennis Mackin, Emily Draeger, Jerimy Polf, Stephen Peterson
Принадлежит: University of Maryland at Baltimore, University of Texas System

Techniques for imaging radioactive emission in a target volume include receiving data indicating a set of one or more known emission energies associated with a high energy particle source and determining a Compton line for each emission energy in the set. A Compton camera collects location and deposited energy from an interaction associated with a single source event from a target volume of a subject. For the single source event, an earliest deposited energy, E1, and first scattering angle, θ1, and a cone of possible locations for the source event are determined. A particular location for the high energy particle source within the target volume without including the single source event, if E1 is not within a predetermined interval of the Compton line for at least one of known emission energies. A solution is presented on a FILTER display device.

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Номер записи: 44
12-04-2018 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STABILIZING POLYPHENOL-CONTAINING LIQUIDS

Номер: US20180100130A1
Автор: MONZEL Alois
Принадлежит:

A process for stabilizing a liquid that contains a first type of polyphenol includes measuring the liquid's spectrum, comparing it to a reference spectrum, based on the comparison, estimating an amount of the first type of polyphenol, based on the amount, adding a specified quantity of an insoluble stabilizing agent to the liquid, feeding the stabilizing agent and the liquid to a filter unit, at the filter unit, separating the stabilizer from the liquid, and discharging the liquid. The specified quantity is based on the amount. 118-. (canceled)19. A process comprising stabilizing a liquid that contains a first type of polyphenol , wherein stabilizing said liquid comprising supplying said liquid through a supplying-and-feeding unit , using a measuring device , measuring a spectrum of said liquid , using a comparison-and-analysis unit , comparing said spectrum with a reference spectrum , based at least in part on said comparison , estimating an amount of said first type of polyphenol , adding a specified quantity of a stabilizing agent to said liquid , feeding said stabilizing agent and said liquid to a filter unit , at said filter unit , separating said stabilizing agent from said liquid , and discharging said liquid , wherein said stabilizing agent is insoluble in said liquid , wherein said specified quantity is based on said amount , wherein said stabilizing agent is configured to bind to said first type of polyphenol , wherein said stabilizing agent that is removed has been partially loaded with polyphenol , and wherein said liquid that is discharged is a stabilized liquid that has been depleted of at least one type of polyphenol.20. The process of claim 19 , further comprising claim 19 , prior to comparing said spectrum with a reference spectrum claim 19 , using said measuring device to ascertain said reference spectrum.21. The process of claim 19 , further comprising claim 19 , prior to comparing said spectrum with a reference spectrum claim 19 , obtaining a ...

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Номер записи: 45
26-03-2020 дата публикации

A GAS DRIFT DETECTOR

Номер: US20200096653A1
Автор: Sipilä Heikki Johannes
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a gas drift detector () comprising: a chamber formed by: a housing () having a first end and a second end; a radiation window () arranged to cover an opening of the first end of the housing (); and a substrate () arranged to cover an opening of the second end of the housing (), an anode () arranged to the substrate (), one or more conductive rings () arranged on a surface () of the substrate facing inside the chamber, and an amplifier () arranged to the opposite surface () of the substrate than the conductive rings (). The amplifier () is electrically connected to the anode (). The chamber is filled with a gas. 1. A gas drift detector comprising: a housing having a first end and a second end,', 'a radiation window arranged to cover an opening of the first end of the housing, and', 'a substrate arranged to cover an opening of the second end of the housing,, 'a chamber formed byan anode arranged to the substrate,one or more conductive rings arranged on a surface of the substrate facing inside the chamber, andan amplifier arranged to the opposite surface of the substrate than the conductive rings, wherein the amplifier is electrically connected to the anode, wherein the chamber is filled with a gas.2. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the amplifier is electrically connected to the anode by means of a bonding wire having length less than 10 mm.3. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the gas is one of the following: xenon claim 1 , krypton claim 1 , or argon claim 1 , or a mixture of hydrocarbon and one of the following: xenon claim 1 , krypton claim 1 , or argon.4. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber comprises one or more inlets for providing the gas inside the housing.5. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the radiation window comprises at least one of the following: polymer claim 1 , aluminium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , beryllium.6. The gas ...

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Номер записи: 46
23-04-2015 дата публикации

Method of real-time mapping of a distribution of photons in a site

Номер: US20150108359A1
Автор: Fabien Panza, Rodolfo Gurrarian
Принадлежит: Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN)

The invention concerns a method of real-time mapping of a presence distribution of a source of photons in a site, the method comprising the steps consisting of measuring ( 100 ), at a plurality of measurement points, a photon flux in an energy band-width determined with a spectrometric detector, and noting the geographical co-ordinates of said point, and, at each measurement point, —from a response function of the detector, and information on the site, establishing a distribution of origins ( 200 ) of the photons around the measurement point, —from the distributions, representing ( 300 ), on a map of the site, a distribution of origin of photons, the method further comprising, for each measurement point starting from the second, a step ( 250 ) prior to the representing step ( 300 ), during which the distributions of origins of the photons around the current measurement point are correlated with those of previous measurement points.

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Номер записи: 47
13-04-2017 дата публикации

Analysis of Signals from Pixellated Detectors of Ionizing Radiation

Номер: US20170102468A1
Автор: Graham John Dennis, William Helsby
Принадлежит: DIAMOND LIGHT SOURCE Ltd

The invention relates to signals representing energy of photons or particles of ionising radiation incident on pixels of a semiconductor detector. Cross talk between the signals from different pixels is compensated using cross talk compensation signatures in the form of time domain series or functions which are aligned and applied to the cross talk signal in accordance with timing of the event which gave rise to the cross talk.

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Номер записи: 48
19-04-2018 дата публикации

BORON COATED STRAWS FOR NEUTRON DETECTION WITH PIE-SHAPED CROSS-SECTION

Номер: US20180106912A1
Автор: Lacy Jeffrey L.
Принадлежит:

A boron coated straw detector for use in a neutron detection system is disclosed comprising a boron coated straw having at least one boron-coated septum radially oriented and extending a pre-determined distance towards the center of the straw. Preferably, the straw comprises a plurality of septa comprising a rigid surface, coated on both sides with a boron composition. Preferably, the septa run the length of the straw detector from one end of the straw to the other. The area coated on the septa adds to the area coated on the arc segments offering a significant benefit in sensitivity of the neutron detector. 1. An improved boron-coated straw detector system comprising a boron-coated straw having a diameter and at least one septum extending radially inward from inner surface of the straw , each septum having a boron-coating on two sides and a length of about 0.25 times the straw diameter or less.2. The straw detector system of claim 1 , wherein the straw comprises a plurality of septa.3. The straw detector system of claim 1 , wherein each septum is within about 5% difference in length.4. The straw detector system of wherein the straw comprises an even number of septa.5. The straw detector system of claim 2 , wherein each septum extends from a first end of the straw to a second opposite end of the straw.6. The straw detector system of claim 2 , wherein the straw comprises 6 to 12 septa.7. The straw detector system of claim 6 , wherein the septa are equally spaced apart around the interior surface of the straw.8. The straw detector system of claim 7 , wherein the length of each septum is within about 5% of the length of an arc length between each septum.9. The straw detectors system of claim 7 , wherein the length of each septum is between about 50% and 100% of an arch length between each septum.10. A neutron detection system comprising a plurality of boron-coated straws formed into a panel claim 7 , each boron-coated straw in the panel having a plurality of septa ...

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Номер записи: 49
02-04-2020 дата публикации

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION AND STORAGE MEDIUM

Номер: US20200103535A1
Автор: WU Ke, Xie Yingchun
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and a device for processing information and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining intensities of electromagnetic radiation of locations which a mobile device passes during movement of the mobile device; creating a distribution map of electromagnetic radiation according to the intensities of electromagnetic radiation, the distribution map of electromagnetic radiation being configured to reflect an electromagnetic radiation distribution of a route which the mobile device passes; and generating a protective measure against the electromagnetic radiation according to the distribution map of electromagnetic radiation. 1. A method for processing information , comprising:obtaining intensities of electromagnetic radiation of locations which a mobile device passes during movement of the mobile device;creating a distribution map of electromagnetic radiation according to the intensities of electromagnetic radiation, the distribution map of electromagnetic radiation being configured to reflect an electromagnetic radiation distribution of a route which the mobile device passes; andgenerating a protective measure against the electromagnetic radiation according to the distribution map of electromagnetic radiation.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein obtaining intensities of electromagnetic radiation of locations which a mobile device passes during movement of the mobile device claim 1 , comprises:recording, by an electromagnetic radiation measurement device, the intensities of electromagnetic radiation of the locations which the mobile device passes during the movement of the mobile device, the electromagnetic radiation measurement device being provided on the mobile device.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein creating a distribution map of electromagnetic radiation according to the intensities of electromagnetic radiation claim 1 , comprises:generating a representation of the route which the mobile ...

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Номер записи: 50
28-04-2016 дата публикации

METHOD OF PROCESSING A PARTICLE SPECTRUM

Номер: US20160116615A1
Автор: Statham Peter
Принадлежит:

A method is provided for processing a spectrum, obtained using a particle detection system, so as to reduce spectrum artifacts arising from unresolved particle events in the detection system. An input spectrum is obtained which contains artifacts due to “pile up” in the detector. A first effect upon the input spectrum of pairs of unresolved particle events is evaluated and a first corrected input spectrum is generated which comprises the input spectrum with the first effect removed. The effect of a pairs of unresolved particle events is then evaluated for this first corrected input spectrum so as to generate a second corrected input spectrum which comprises the input spectrum with the second effect removed. An output spectrum is then generated based upon a combination of the first and second corrected input spectra. The use of the method in improving sum spectra is also discussed. 1. A method of processing a spectrum obtained using a particle detection system , so as to reduce spectrum artifacts arising from unresolved particle events in the detection system , the method comprising:a. Obtaining an input spectrum from the particle detection system, the input spectrum containing spectrum artifacts;b. Evaluating a first estimate of pairs of particle events, which are unresolvable by the particle detection system, using the input spectrum;c. Generating a first corrected input spectrum (ac1) comprising the input spectrum with the pairs of particle events according to the first estimate removed;d. Evaluating a second estimate of pairs of particle events, which are unresolvable by the particle detection system, using the first corrected input spectrum;e. Generating a second corrected input spectrum (ac2) comprising the input spectrum with the pairs of particle events according to the second estimate removed; and,f. Generating an output spectrum (ac) based upon a combination of the first and second corrected spectra.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the each of the ...

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Номер записи: 51
26-04-2018 дата публикации

X-RAY SPECTRAL CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE FOR CONE-BEAM CT

Номер: US20180113227A1
Автор: Lin Yuan, Sehnert William J.
Принадлежит:

A method for X-ray spectral calibration acquires X-ray projections of a calibration phantom formed of known materials. The X-ray spectrum of an X-ray source is calculated according to the acquired X-ray projections. The calculated X-ray spectrum can be stored, transmitted, or displayed. 1. A method for X-ray spectral calibration comprising:a) acquiring a plurality of X-ray projections of a calibration phantom formed of known materials;b) calculating the X-ray spectrum of an X-ray source according to the acquired X-ray projections; andc) storing, transmitting, or displaying the calculated X-ray spectrum.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein calculating the X-ray spectrum comprises:a) reconstructing a digital phantom by processing the acquired X-ray projections, according to the known materials; andb) modifying an initial X-ray spectrum for the X-ray source by adjusting the calculated thicknesses of inherent filters according to the digital phantom and the known materials.3. The method of wherein modifying the initial X-ray spectrum further comprises iteratively estimating the acquired projections.4. The method of wherein acquiring the plurality of X-ray projections comprises acquiring projections from a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) apparatus.5. The method of wherein calculating the spectrum comprises iteratively estimating scatter in the acquired projections.6. The method of further comprising reducing noise content in the estimated scatter.7. The method of further comprising generating a volume image according to the calculated X-ray spectrum.8. The method of further comprising providing a user interface control screen that has an instruction for initiating the spectral calibration.9. The method of further comprising accepting an operator instruction relating to calibration phantom dimensions claim 1 , shape claim 1 , or materials from a user interface control screen.10. A method for X-ray spectral calibration comprising:reconstructing a volume image of a ...

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Номер записи: 52
17-07-2014 дата публикации

High Throughput Pulse Height Analyzer

Номер: US20140197307A1
Автор: Jorion Bruno
Принадлежит: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

A method and system for acquiring spectral information from an energy sensitive nuclear detector is disclosed. The method includes detecting nuclear radiation at a detection device and generating an electronic input pulse indicative of energy deposited in the detection device. The method further includes integrating the electronic input pulse at an integrating device to produce an integrated output signal and digitally sampling the integrated output signal of the integrating device at intervals to produce a stream of digital samples. The method further includes resetting the integrator synchronously with a sampling clock when a limit condition is reached. 1. A method for acquiring spectral information from an energy sensitive nuclear detector comprising:detecting nuclear radiation at a detection device and generating an electronic input pulse indicative of energy deposited in the detection device;integrating the electronic input pulse at an integrating device to produce an integrated output signal;digitally sampling the integrated output signal of the integrating device at intervals to produce a stream of digital samples; andresetting the integrator synchronously with a sampling clock when a limit condition is reached.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein pulse acquisition and integration continue without interruption during the resetting of the integrator.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining and calibrating the integrated output signal during a quiescent period of the integrating device.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the quiescent period comprises an off-period of a pulsed neutron generator.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrating device produces the integrated output signal as a difference between a first sample after an end of integration of the electronic input pulse and a sample preceding a start of the electronic input pulse compensated by a quiescent integral for a same length of time.6. The method of claim 3 , further ...

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Номер записи: 53
17-07-2014 дата публикации

Methods to enhance nuclear spectroscopy analysis

Номер: US20140197324A1
Автор: Freddy E. Mendez, Gary A. Feuerbacher, John M. Longo, Maxim VASILYEV
Принадлежит: Baker Hughes Inc

Methods, systems and devices for estimating a parameter of interest from a gamma ray spectrum relating to a volume of matter using standard gamma ray spectra from reference samples, wherein there is at least one non-elemental characteristic that is different between the volume and at least one of the reference samples, wherein the non-elemental characteristic difference affects gamma ray interactions. Methods may include deconvolving a gamma ray spectrum obtained from the analysis volume into a plurality of elemental spectral yields, wherein deconvolution includes compensating for effects of the non-elemental characteristic difference. Methods may include using at least one compensation standard spectrum configured to compensate for the effects of the non-elemental characteristic of the at least one of the reference samples.

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Номер записи: 54
18-04-2019 дата публикации

BORON COATED STRAWS FOR NEUTRON DETECTION WITH PIE-SHAPED CROSS-SECTION

Номер: US20190113637A1
Автор: Lacy Jeffrey L.
Принадлежит:

A boron coated straw detector for use in a neutron detection system is disclosed comprising a boron coated straw having at least one boron-coated septum radially oriented and extending a pre-determined distance towards the center of the straw. Preferably, the straw comprises a plurality of septa comprising a rigid surface, coated on both sides with a boron composition. Preferably, the septa run the length of the straw detector from one end of the straw to the other. The area coated on the septa adds to the area coated on the arc segments offering a significant benefit in sensitivity of the neutron detector. 1. An improved boron-coated straw detector system comprising a boron-coated straw having a diameter and at least one septum extending radially inward from inner surface of the straw , each septum having a boron-coating on two sides.2. The straw detector system of claim 1 , wherein the straw comprises a plurality of septa.3. The straw detector system of claim 1 , wherein each septum has a length of about 0.31 times the straw diameter or less.4. The straw detector system of wherein the straw comprises an even number of septa.5. The straw detector system of claim 2 , wherein each septum extends from a first end of the straw to a second opposite end of the straw.6. The straw detector system of claim 2 , wherein the straw comprises 6 to 12 septa.7. The straw detector system of claim 2 , wherein the septa are about equally spaced apart around the interior surface of the straw.8. The straw detector system of claim 7 , wherein the length of each septum is within about 5% of the length of an arc length between each septum.9. The straw detector system of claim 7 , wherein the length of each septum is between about 50% and 100% of an arch length between each septum.10. The straw detector system of claim 7 , wherein the length of each septum is greater than or equal to 0.95 times the length of an arch between each septum.11. The straw detector system of claim 2 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 55
25-04-2019 дата публикации

PIXELATED K-EDGE CODED APERTURE SYSTEM FOR COMPRESSIVE SPECTRAL X-RAY IMAGING

Номер: US20190117177A1
Автор: Arce Gonzalo, Cuadros Angela
Принадлежит: University of Delaware

Aspects of the invention are directed to systems and methods for generating spectral computed tomography data for spectral X-ray image reconstruction using of pixelated k-edge apertures. A method is provided for generating a spectral computed tomography. The method includes the steps of generating a plurality of X-ray beams; encoding the plurality of X-ray beams by transmitting the plurality of beams through a pixelated K-edge coded aperture structure; detecting the encoded plurality of X-ray beams; and reconstructing a spectral CT image from the encoded plurality of X-ray beams. 1. A method for generating spectral computed tomography data for spectral X-ray image reconstruction , the method comprising the steps of:positioning an X-ray beam generator along a scanning pathway, the scanning pathway comprising a plurality of discharge positions, the X-ray beam generator generating an X-ray beam at each of the plurality of discharge positions;assigning at least one K-edge filter to each of the of the plurality of discharge positions, such that the X-ray beam generated at each of the plurality of discharge positions is filtered by at least one K-edge filter;detecting the filtered X-ray beams generated at each of the plurality of discharge positions;measuring an intensity of the detected filtered X-ray beams generated at each of the plurality of discharge positions; andreconstructing a spectral CT image from the measured intensities of the detected filtered X-ray beams.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of X-ray beams generated at the plurality of discharge positions occurs during a single pass of the X-ray generator along the scanning pathway.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a set of K-edge filters are assigned to the plurality of discharge positions claim 1 , such that the filtered X-ray beams from the discharge positions form a uniform pattern.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one K-edge filter is randomly assigned to each of the plurality of ...

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Номер записи: 56
24-07-2014 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTION OF RADIATION

Номер: US20140203181A1
Автор: Rubenstein Eric P.
Принадлежит: Image Insight Inc.

Digital images or the charge from pixels in light sensitive semiconductor based imagers may be used to detect gamma rays and energetic particles emitted by radioactive materials. Methods may be used to identify pixel-scale artifacts introduced into digital images and video images by high energy gamma rays. Statistical tests and other comparisons on the artifacts in the images or pixels may be used to prevent false-positive detection of gamma rays. The sensitivity of the system may be used to detect radiological material at distances in excess of 50 meters. Advanced processing techniques allow for gradient searches to more accurately determine the source's location, while other acts may be used to identify the specific isotope. Coordination of different imagers and network alerts permit the system to separate non-radioactive objects from radioactive objects. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method for performing spectroscopy , the method comprising:identifying, by a processor, one or more pixels of a pixilated chip of a digital imager that have interacted with gamma rays;determining, by the processor, an energy spectrum for one or more of the gamma rays;comparing, by the processor, the energy spectrum of each of the one or more gamma rays with a library of energy spectra for radioisotopes; andidentifying, by the processor, a radioisotope based on the comparing.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein determining the energy spectrum comprises counting claim 17 , by the processor claim 17 , a number of photoelectrons produced by each pixel for each of the one or more gamma rays.19. The method of claim 17 , wherein determining the energy spectrum comprises measuring claim 17 , by the processor claim 17 , a charge or a voltage for each pixel produced by a gamma ray striking a pixel.20. The method of claim 17 , wherein determining the energy spectrum comprises determining claim 17 , by the processor claim 17 , an intensity of each of the one or more gamma rays.21. The method of claim ...

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Номер записи: 57
03-05-2018 дата публикации

RADIATION DETECTOR WITH AN INTERMEDIATE LAYER

Номер: US20180120447A1
Автор: ERGLER Thorsten, GEYER Harald, HOSEMANN Michael, Wirth Stefan, Wrege Jan
Принадлежит: Siemens Healthcare GmbH

A radiation detector includes an intermediate layer, which is arranged between a detection layer with a number of detection elements and a number of readout units. In an example embodiment of this arrangement, the intermediate layer has a plurality of electrically-conductive connections between the detection elements and the readout units. An example embodiment further specifies a medical imaging system, as well as a method of using the heating apparatus. 1. A radiation detector comprising:a detection layer including a plurality of detection elements;a plurality of readout units; andan intermediate layer, arranged between the detection layer and the plurality of readout units, the intermediate layer including a plurality of electrically-conductive connections each respectively arranged between respective ones of the plurality of detection elements and respective ones of the plurality of readout units.2. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein an overall surface of the plurality of detection elements is relatively large compared to an overall surface of the plurality of readout units.3. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the radiation detector is embodied for detection of X-ray radiation.4. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrically-conductive connections are embodied as vias and rewiring structures.5. The radiation detector of claim 4 , wherein the intermediate layer includes the rewiring structures on a side facing towards the plurality of readout units.6. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer comprises a substrate made from at least one of a glass fiber composite material claim 1 , phenolic paper claim 1 , ceramics and glass.7. The radiation detector of claim 1 , comprising a support structure claim 1 , including a number of elements for forwarding the data from the plurality of readout unit.8. The radiation detector of claim 1 , further comprising a heating apparatus claim 1 , including at ...

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Номер записи: 58
25-08-2022 дата публикации

RADIATION SOURCE LOCALIZATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20220268952A1
Автор: Liang Felix J., Milam William T., Proebstel Robert C., Talley Kemper, Whalen Sean, Wichert Clinton M.
Принадлежит:

Radiation source localization systems and related techniques are provided to improve the operation of handheld or unmanned mobile sensor or survey platforms. A radiation source localization system includes a logic device configured to communicate with a communications module and a directional radiation detector, where the communications module is configured to establish a wireless communication link with a base station associated with the directional radiation detector and/or a mobile sensor platform, and the directional radiation detector includes a sensor assembly configured to provide directional radiation sensor data as the directional radiation detector is maneuvered within a survey area. 1. A system comprising: receive the directional radiation sensor data as the mobile platform maneuvers within the survey area;', 'receive orientation and/or position data corresponding to the directional radiation sensor data; and', 'generate radiation source localization survey information corresponding to the survey area based, at least in part, on a combination of the orientation and/or position data and the directional radiation sensor data., 'a logic device configured to communicate with a communications module and a directional radiation detector coupled to a mobile platform, wherein the communications module is configured to establish a wireless communication link with a base station associated with the mobile platform, the directional radiation detector comprises a sensor assembly configured to provide directional radiation sensor data as the mobile platform is maneuvered within a survey area, and the logic device is configured to2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the directional radiation detector and an orientation and/or position sensor coupled to and/or within a housing of the directional radiation detector and configured to provide the orientation and/or position data claim 1 , wherein:the sensor assembly comprises a radiation detector aligned to a ...

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Номер записи: 59
25-08-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIRECTIONAL DETECTION OF RADIATION

Номер: US20220268953A1
Автор: BEHAR Ehud, GHELMAN Max, OSOVIZKY Alon, RAHIN Roi, TAREM Shlomit, YACOBI Lee
Принадлежит:

A system for directional detection of radiation, comprises a plurality of scintillating crystals, responsive to the radiation and being arranged three-dimensionally, with voids between adjacent crystals, such that there are crystals that are inner and crystals that are outer within the arrangement. The system also comprises a plurality of light sensors coupled to the crystals for receiving optical signals from the crystals and responsively generating electrical signals, and a data processor receiving an electrical signal separately from each light sensor and calculating a direction of the radiation based on relative intensities of the signals and mutual occultation among different crystals. 1. A system for directional detection of radiation , comprising:a plurality of scintillating crystals, responsive to the radiation and being arranged three-dimensionally, with voids between adjacent crystals, such that there are crystals that are inner and crystals that are outer within said arrangement;a plurality of light sensors coupled to said crystals for receiving optical signals from said crystals and responsively generating electrical signals; anda data processor having a circuit configured for receiving an electrical signal separately from each light sensor, and calculating at least a direction of the radiation based on relative intensities of said signals and mutual occultation among different crystals.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said light sensors is a solid state photomultiplier.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein each of at least a few of said crystals has a volumetric aspect ratio of less than 3.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least a few of said crystals have a generally cubic shape.5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein a largest diameter of at least a few of said crystals is less than 50 mm.6. The system according to claim 1 , comprising at least 50 scintillating crystals.7. The system according to ...

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Номер записи: 60
25-04-2019 дата публикации

MODULAR GAMMA IMAGING DEVICE

Номер: US20190120979A1
Автор: Clajus Rolf Martin, Harris Brian William, Hugg James William, McVay Brian Patrick, Thomson Sarah Melissa, Walker Franklin Dean
Принадлежит:

One embodiment provides an imaging device, including: an enclosure comprising a casing and a radiation lining arranged within the casing to provide a radiation shield, wherein the enclosure comprises a removable portion; a plurality of modular components being in communication with calibration code, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device based upon information of the plurality of modular components; each of the plurality of modular components comprising a plurality of gamma detectors including semiconductor crystals and being removable from the imaging device; the plurality of modular components being arranged such that the plurality of gamma detectors are configured in an array configuration with each of the plurality of gamma detectors having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector; a plurality of electronic communication components, wherein the plurality of electronic communication components facilitate communication from each of the gamma detectors using a hierarchical communication technique; and a cooling system. 1. An imaging device , comprising:an enclosure comprising a casing and a radiation lining arranged within the casing to provide a radiation shield, wherein the enclosure comprises a removable portion; each of the plurality of modular components comprising a plurality of gamma detector elements including semiconductor crystals and being removable from the imaging device;', 'the plurality of modular components being arranged such that the plurality of gamma detector elements are configured in an array configuration with each of the plurality of gamma detector elements having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector element, wherein the predetermined spacing is based upon a gap tolerance of the semiconductor crystals and wherein the predetermined spacing is maintained by the plurality of modular components upon replacement of one of the plurality of gamma detector elements; and', 'a plurality of electronic ...

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Номер записи: 61
16-04-2020 дата публикации

Trip Avoidance X-ray Inspection

Номер: US20200116654A1
Автор: McNab James Reid
Принадлежит: OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

A trip avoidance X-ray inspection system, typically defining a specialized system that delivers pulsed X-rays, comprises one or more pulse X-ray cameras, each comprising a known set of effects on nucleonic instrumentation; a predetermined set of such shielded X-ray sources; a predetermined set of nucleonic instrumentation operatively in communication with one or more pulse X-ray cameras; and a digital radiography detector adapted to allow, process, or otherwise create an X-ray produced image when disposed proximate predetermined set of nucleonic instrumentation. The pulse X-ray camera is adapted to be disposed at a predetermined distance from predetermined set of shielded X-ray sources. 1. A trip avoidance X-ray inspection system , comprising:a. a predetermined set of shielded X-ray sources adapted to be disposed proximate a structure to be inspected;b. a pulse X-ray camera comprising a known set of effects on nucleonic instrumentation, the pulse X-ray camera adapted to be disposed at a predetermined distance from the predetermined set of shielded X-ray sources;c. a predetermined set of nucleonic instrumentation operatively in communication with the pulse X-ray camera; andd. a digital radiography detector adapted to process an X-ray produced image when disposed proximate the nucleonic instrumentation without tripping a process upset alarm.2. The trip avoidance X-ray inspection system of claim 1 , further comprising a radiation alarm operatively in communication with the pulse X-ray camera and the predetermined set of nucleonic instrumentation claim 1 , the radiation alarm operative to detect radiation in a predetermined spectrum and trigger at a predetermined level of the detected radiation.3. The trip avoidance X-ray inspection system of claim 1 , further comprising a set of nucleonic detectors disposed proximate the structure to be inspected.4. The trip avoidance X-ray inspection system of claim 3 , wherein the set of nucleonic detectors comprise a nucleonic high ...

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Номер записи: 62
23-04-2020 дата публикации

PIXELATED K-EDGE CODED APERTURE SYSTEM FOR COMPRESSIVE SPECTRAL X-RAY IMAGING

Номер: US20200121269A1
Автор: Arce Gonzalo, Cuadros Angela
Принадлежит: University of Delaware

Aspects of the invention are directed to systems and methods for generating spectral computed tomography data for spectral X-ray image reconstruction using of pixelated k-edge apertures. A method is provided for generating a spectral computed tomography. The method includes the steps of generating a plurality of X-ray beams; encoding the plurality of X-ray beams by transmitting the plurality of beams through a pixelated K-edge coded aperture structure; detecting the encoded plurality of X-ray beams; and reconstructing a spectral CT image from the encoded plurality of X-ray beams. 1. A method for generating spectral computed tomography data for spectral X-ray image reconstruction , the method comprising the steps of:generating a plurality of X-ray beams;encoding the plurality of X-ray beams by transmitting the plurality of X-ray beams through a pixelated K-edge coded aperture structure;detecting the encoded plurality of X-ray beams; andreconstructing a spectral CT image from the encoded plurality of X-ray beams.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pixelated K-edge coded aperture structure delineates a plurality of openings claim 1 , each of the plurality of openings containing at least one K-edge filter.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a pair of K-edge filters contained within a corresponding pair of the plurality of openings form a pair of balanced K-edge filters.4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pair of K-edge filters are formed of two materials having a difference in atomic numbers of 16 or less.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising transmitting the plurality of X-ray beams through a first blocking/unblocking structure for pixelating the plurality of X-rays beam and a second structure comprising at least one K-edge filter for filtering of the plurality of X-ray beams claim 1 , wherein the first structure is separate from the second structure.7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising categorizing the encoded ...

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Номер записи: 63
03-06-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SPECTRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY USING SINGLE POLYCHROMATIC X-RAY SPECTRUM ACQUISITION

Номер: US20210161487A1
Автор: Chen Guang-Hong, Li Yinsheng
Принадлежит: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

A system and method for material decomposition of a single energy spectrum x-ray dataset includes accessing the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset, receiving a user-selection of a desired energy for decomposition, and decomposing the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset into material bases as a linear combination of energy dependence function of selected basis materials and the corresponding spatial dependence material bases images. 1. A system for performing material decomposition using a single energy spectrum x-ray dataset , the system comprising:a material basis generator configured to decompose the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset into at least two material basis images;an en-chroma generator configured to regularize the material basis generator by enforcing an effective energy constraint; anda sinogram generator configured to generate projection data from the at least two material basis images.2. The system of wherein the en-chroma generator is configured to extract the effective energy from each datum in the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset claim 1 , including the at least two material basis images.3. The system of wherein the material basis generator is configured to extract energy dependent linear attenuation coefficients for each image object in the single energy spectrum dataset to decompose the single energy spectrum dataset as a linear combination of energy dependence function b(ϵ) claim 1 , and corresponding expansion coefficients a({right arrow over (x)}) claim 1 , wherein {right arrow over (x)} is a selected spatial location claim 1 , ϵ is an x-ray energy in the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset at the selected spatial location claim 1 , and k=1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 , . . . claim 1 ,K claim 1 , to serve as an index that labels material basis that is selected for decomposition.4. The system of wherein the material basis generator is configured to decompose the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset into linear attenuation coefficients claim 3 ...

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Номер записи: 64
07-08-2014 дата публикации

Correcting Gamma-Ray Energy Spectra for Pileup Degradation

Номер: US20140217273A1
Автор: Grau James A.
Принадлежит: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

A method for correcting detected gamma ray spectra for the effects of energy analyzer pileup includes assigning detected gamma rays to channels in a multichannel analyzer (MCA). A pileup spectrum is estimated. The pileup spectrum is subtracted from the measured spectrum. The result thereof is compared to the preceding estimated pileup free spectrum and the estimating the pileup spectrum, subtracting the pileup spectrum and comparing is repeated until the difference between successive estimates of the pileup-free spectrum falls below a selected threshold. 1. A method for correcting detected gamma ray spectra for the effects of energy analyzer pileup , comprising:assigning gamma rays detected by a radiation detector having output signals related to an energy level of detected gamma rays to channels in a multichannel analyzer (MCA) wherein each channel represents a selected gamma ray energy level to generate a measured spectrum;in a computer, computing a pileup fraction of the measured spectrum;in the computer, estimating a pileup spectrum from an estimate of the pileup-free spectrum;in the computer, subtracting the pileup spectrum from the measured spectrum to produce an estimate of the pileup-free spectrum;in the computer, comparing the estimate of the pileup-free spectrum to the estimate of the pileup-free spectrum that was used to estimate the pileup spectrum; and repeating the estimating the pileup spectrum, subtracting the pileup spectrum and comparing until the difference between successive estimates of the pileup-free spectrum falls below a selected threshold.2. The method of further comprising claim 1 , in the computer claim 1 , after assigning channels claim 1 , linearizing the channels with respect to energy level.3. The method of further comprising claim 1 , in the computer claim 1 , adding selected numbers of detection events in MCA channels below a detection threshold energy level.4. The method of wherein the pileup fraction is computed as a polynomial ...

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Номер записи: 65
18-05-2017 дата публикации

SPECTRAL DATA COMPRESSION

Номер: US20170139062A1
Автор: Davies Michael
Принадлежит:

A data processing system () for compressing gamma spectroscopy data includes a data input () for receiving data representing counts for each of a plurality of bins. The counts represent a set of binned gamma spectroscopy data. The data processing system () also includes a processor (). The processor () is arranged to: read the counts in each bin; calculate a measure representative of the counts using the counts in one or more of the bins; choose, using the measure, which one of at least two compression schemes to use to compress the data representing the counts; and compress the data representing the counts according to the chosen compression scheme; and write the compressed data representing the counts to a data storage device (). 1. A method of compressing gamma spectroscopy data comprising:receiving as an input data representing counts for each of a plurality of bins, the counts representing a set of binned gamma spectroscopy data;reading the counts in each bin;calculating a measure representative of the counts using the counts in one or more of the bins;choosing, using the measure, which one of at least two compression schemes to use to compress the data representing the counts;compressing the data representing the counts according to the chosen compression scheme; andwriting the compressed data representing the counts to a data storage device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of binned gamma spectroscopy data is associated with spatial position data.3. The method of method of claim 1 , comprising writing a tag claim 1 , associated with the compressed data claim 1 , to the data storage device claim 1 , to indicate the chosen compression scheme.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two compression schemes is a lossless compression scheme.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least two different compression schemes comprise at least two of a low data rate compression scheme which comprises storing the bin numbers in which counts are ...

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Номер записи: 66
26-05-2016 дата публикации

THERMAL NEUTRON DETECTOR AND GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER UTILIZING A SINGLE MATERIAL

Номер: US20160146953A1
Автор: BURGER Arnold, Lukosi Eric, Stowe Ashley
Принадлежит:

A combined thermal neutron detector and gamma-ray spectrometer system, including: a detection medium including a lithium chalcopyrite crystal operable for detecting thermal neutrons in a semiconductor mode and gamma-rays in a scintillator mode; and a photodetector coupled to the detection medium also operable for detecting the gamma rays. Optionally, the detection medium includes a LiInSecrystal. Optionally, the detection medium comprises a compound formed by the process of: melting a Group III element; adding a Group I element to the melted Group III element at a rate that allows the Group I and Group III elements to react thereby providing a single phase I-III compound; and adding a Group VI element to the single phase I-III compound and heating; wherein the Group I element includes lithium. 1. A combined thermal neutron detector and gamma-ray spectrometer system , comprising:a detection medium comprising a lithium chalcopyrite crystal operable for detecting thermal neutrons in a semiconductor mode and gamma-rays in a scintillator mode; anda photodetector coupled to the detection medium also operable for detecting the gamma rays.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the detection medium comprises a LiInSecrystal.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photodetector comprises a high-band gap photodetector.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photodetector comprises one of a Si Avalanche Photodiode (APD) and a Si Photomultiplier (SiPM).5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a bias voltage source coupled to the detection medium.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of contacts coupled to the detection medium.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an amplification system.8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a data collection and processing device.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the detection medium comprises a I-III-VIcompound formed by the process of:melting a Group III element;subsequently adding a Group I element to the ...

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Номер записи: 67
10-06-2021 дата публикации

MEASUREMENT MASKS TO RECONSTRUCT X-RAY SPECTRA

Номер: US20210172889A1
Автор: Klueg Robert E.
Принадлежит: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security

An X-ray imaging system for reconstructing X-ray spectra includes an integrating detector and a measurement mask, including at least one physical filter, positioned between the integrating detector and an X-ray source spectrum. The integrating detector receives a masked X-ray spectrum after the source spectrum has been filtered in accordance with the measurement mask. As a result of the measurement mask containing one or more physical filters being combined, a measurement mask having energy band-pass regions can be generated, to cover the source spectrum. Measured data, based on the masked X-ray spectrum and characteristics of the measurement mask, is collected from the integrating detector. The X-ray imaging system reconstructs an X-ray spectrum and generates the reconstructed X-ray spectrum based on applying a predetermined algorithm, such as total variation minimization reconstruction, to the measured data. 1. A system for reconstructing X-ray spectra , comprising:a measurement mask including at least one physical filter positioned between a source spectrum and an integrating detector to filter the source spectrum to produce a masked spectrum; andprocessing circuitry configured to generate a reconstructed spectrum based on applying a predetermined algorithm to measured data collected from the integrating detector and an identified configuration of the measurement mask.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement mask includes a plurality of physical filters of a corresponding plurality of energy band-pass regions to filter at least a portion of the masked spectrum.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of physical filters is arranged in a pseudo-random pattern to achieve an aggregate wide energy band-pass region of the measurement mask to cover energies of the source spectrum.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of physical filters is arranged corresponding to ordered mathematical combinations to achieve an aggregate wide energy band- ...

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Номер записи: 68
10-06-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION DETECTOR AND METHOD

Номер: US20210173101A1
Автор: Ito Norio, KUNIMOTO Fumiaki
Принадлежит:

An electromagnetic radiation detector of an embodiment includes a first scintillation detector that detects incidence of electromagnetic radiation and includes a first scintillator that outputs photons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic radiation; a second scintillation detector that detects scattered electromagnetic radiation exiting from the first scintillation detector, the scattered electromagnetic radiation that occurs inside the first scintillation detector due to Compton scattering of the electromagnetic radiation; and a multi-channel analyzer that performs multi-channel analysis of a result of the detection by the first scintillation detector, the result being other than results of the detection, timing of which is considered to coincide with timing of the detection by the second scintillation detector. The second scintillation detector includes a second scintillator formed by turning scintillator powder into paste and solidifying the paste into a thick film through compression and drying. 110-. (canceled)11. An electromagnetic radiation detector comprising:a first scintillation detector comprising a first scintillator that outputs photons in response to incidence of electromagnetic radiation, the first scintillation detector detecting the incidence of electromagnetic radiation;a second scintillation detector that detects scattered electromagnetic radiation exiting out of the first scintillation detector, the scattered electromagnetic radiation that occurs inside the first scintillation detector due to Compton scattering of the electromagnetic radiation; anda multi-channel analyzer that performs multi-channel analysis of a result of the detection by the first scintillation detector, the result being other than results of the detection, timing of which is considered to coincide with timing of the detection by the second scintillation detector, wherein is formed by turning scintillator powder into paste and solidifying the paste into a thick film ...

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Номер записи: 69
10-06-2021 дата публикации

Thin Film Transistor Array Substrate for Digital X-Ray Detector Device, Digital X-Ray Detector Device, and Manufacturing Method Thereof

Номер: US20210175364A1
Автор: Jang Donghyeon, KANG Moonsoo, PARK Shihyung, YOON Jaeho
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a thin film transistor array substrate for a digital X-ray detector device and the digital X-ray detector device and a manufacturing method thereof. The thin film transistor array substrate comprises: a base substrate comprising a driving area and a non-driving area; at least one PIN diode disposed within the driving area of the base substrate and comprising a lower electrode, a PIN layer, and an upper electrode; and at least one align mark disposed within the non-driving area of the base substrate, wherein the align mark comprises a first align mark layer, an align PIN layer, and a second align mark layer. 1. A thin film transistor array substrate for a digital X-ray detector device , comprising:a base substrate comprising a driving area and a non-driving area;at least one P type semiconductor-Intrinsic type semiconductor-N type semiconductor (PIN) diode disposed within the driving area of the base substrate and comprising a lower electrode, a PIN layer, and an upper electrode; andat least one align mark disposed within the non-driving area of the base substrate,wherein the at least one align mark comprises a first align mark layer, an align PIN layer, and a second align mark layer.2. The thin film transistor array substrate for the digital X-ray detector device of claim 1 , wherein the first align mark layer claim 1 , the align PIN layer claim 1 , and the second align mark layer are sequentially stacked on the base substrate.3. The thin film transistor array substrate for the digital X-ray detector device of claim 1 , wherein the non-driving area is configured to surround the driving area; andwherein the at least one align mark is disposed in at least one corner of the non-driving area.4. The thin film transistor array substrate for the digital X-ray detector device of claim 2 , wherein an active layer claim 2 , a first electrode claim 2 , a second electrode claim 2 , a gate electrode claim 2 , and a driving thin film transistor ...

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Номер записи: 70
24-05-2018 дата публикации

DETECTION OF X-RAY RADIATION

Номер: US20180146535A1
Автор: GOEDERER Edgar, Kappler Steffen
Принадлежит: Siemens Healthcare GmbH

An X-ray detector is disclosed, including a detection unit to generate a detection signal for incident X-ray radiation; a signal analysis module to determine a set of count rates for incident X-ray radiation based upon the detection signal and signal analysis parameters for X-ray radiation; and a switchover control unit for switching between first signal analysis parameters and second signal analysis parameters. When an amount of X-ray radiation is incident on the detection module, a first set of count rates is generated for a first time interval based upon first signal analysis parameters and a second set of count rates is generated for a second time interval based upon second signal analysis parameters, different from the first signal analysis parameters. An X-ray imaging system including the detector; a method for determining count rates for X-ray radiation; and a method for calibrating signal analysis parameters are also disclosed. 120.-. (canceled)21. An X-ray detector , comprising:a detection unit, configured to generate a detection signal for X-ray radiation incident on the detection unit;a signal analysis module, configured to determine a set of count rates for X-ray radiation incident on the detection unit on the basis of the detection signal and signal analysis parameters for X-ray radiation; anda switchover control unit, configured to switch between at least first signal analysis parameters and second signal analysis parameters such that when an amount of X-ray radiation is incident on the detection module, a first set of count rates being generated for a first time interval on the basis of first signal analysis parameters, and a second set of count rates being generated for a second time interval on the basis of second signal analysis parameters, different from the first signal analysis parameters, the first and second signal analysis parameters are selected from the group:energy threshold value,energy threshold, andnumber of assigned energy thresholds. ...

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Номер записи: 71
01-06-2017 дата публикации

X-ray detection signal processing device and x-ray analyzing apparatus using same

Номер: US20170153190A1
Автор: Yukio Sako
Принадлежит: Rigaku Corp

An X-ray detection signal processing device ( 10 ) and the like according to the present invention includes: a comparator ( 17 ) configured to output a High signal when a level of a signal from a continuous reset type preamplifier ( 13 ) having an CR circuit ( 13 a ) does not exceed a predetermined upper limit value, and output a Low signal when the level of the signal from the preamplifier ( 13 ) exceeds the predetermined upper limit value; and a control section ( 18 ) configured to delay shift of the signal of the comparator ( 17 ) from Low to High by a predetermined time, to perform output to a clock oscillator ( 15 ), stop oscillation by outputting a Low signal to the clock oscillator ( 15 ), and thus stop high-speed AD conversion by a high-speed AD converter ( 14 ) and maintain an output value.

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Номер записи: 72
01-06-2017 дата публикации

PASSIVE WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED DETECTION AND/OR IMAGING SYSTEMS INCORPORATING THE SAME

Номер: US20170153339A1
Автор: Hong Lingyu, Sengupta Kaushik
Принадлежит:

Passive components adapted for integration with at least one active semiconductor device, in an embodiment, comprise at least one metallic structure dimensioned and arranged to absorb and/or reflect a major fraction of incident electromagnetic radiation received at one or more wavelengths of a first group of wavelengths. This prevents radiation within the first group of wavelengths from being received and/or processed by the at least one active device. In an embodiment, one or more metallic structures are dimensioned and arranged to direct an amount of incident radiation, received at one or more wavelengths of a second group of wavelengths, sufficient to enable receiving or processing of incident radiation within the second group of wavelengths by the at least one active semiconductor device. In some embodiments, the passive component comprises a passive optical filter for use in spectroscopic applications, and the active semiconductor device is a detector or sensor. 1. A passive component for filtering light and for integration with at least one active semiconductor device , comprising:a plurality of metallic nanostructures arranged as to direct propagation of light along a length of the plurality of metallic nanostructures, while electric field is perpendicular to the plurality of metallic nanostructures,wherein the plurality of metallic nanostructures is arranged as an array of structures.2. The passive component of claim 1 , wherein the array is an m×n array and m or n is an integer greater than 1.3. The passive component of claim 2 , wherein the array has uniform spacing between each waveguide.4. The passive component of claim 1 , wherein each of the metallic nanostructures has a thickness of approximately 100 nm and lengths of approximately 1 or 2 microns.5. The passive component of claim 4 , wherein the spacing between nanostructures in the plurality of metallic nanostructures is approximately 100 nm.6. The passive component of claim 4 , wherein the spacing ...

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Номер записи: 73
07-06-2018 дата публикации

X-Ray Imaging with a Detector Capable of Resolving Photon Energy

Номер: US20180156742A1
Автор: CAO Peiyan, LIU Yurun
Принадлежит:

The present teaching relates to methods, systems, and apparatus for X-ray imaging with a detector capable of resolving photon energy. In one example, an X-ray microscope is disclosed. The X-ray microscope comprises an X-ray source and a detector. The X-ray source is configured for irradiating X-ray to a sample. The detector is configured for: detecting X-ray photons from the irradiated X-ray, determining energy of each of the detected X-ray photons, and generating an image of the sample based on detected X-ray photons that have energies in a predetermined range. 1. An X-ray microscope , comprising:an X-ray source configured to irradiate a sample with X-ray; and detect X-ray photons from the sample,', 'determine energy of the detected X-ray photons, and', 'generating an image of the sample based on the detected X-ray photons that have energies in a predetermined range., 'a detector configured to2. The X-ray microscope of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray photons from the sample comprise X-ray photons having energies in the predetermined range and X-ray photons having energies outside the predetermined range.3. The X-ray microscope of claim 1 , further comprising focusing optics configured to focus the X-ray from the X-ray source into a virtual point source before the sample.4. The X-ray microscope of claim 1 , wherein the detector is further configured to determine a number of the detected X-ray photons that have energies in the predetermined range.5. The X-ray microscope of claim 1 , wherein:the detector comprises an array of pixels; andthe detector is further configured to determine a number of the detected X-ray photons that have energies in the predetermined range, for each of the pixels.6. The X-ray microscope of claim 1 , wherein the detector is a semiconductor X-ray detector.7. The X-ray microscope of claim 1 , wherein the detector is further configured to:determine a first number of X-ray photons that are detected by the detector and have energies in a first range; ...

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Номер записи: 74
07-06-2018 дата публикации

RADIATION DETECTION DEVICE

Номер: US20180156928A1
Автор: Tsuda Tomoaki
Принадлежит: SHIMADZU CORPORATION

A radiation detection device includes a scintillator group which includes a plurality of scintillators; an optical detection unit which is provided in each scintillator and detects scintillation light; and a control unit which corrects a detection signal based on a value of energy of a radiation and a plurality of features included in a histogram based on the acquired detection signal. 1. A radiation detection device comprising:a scintillator group which comprises a plurality of scintillators emitting a plurality of scintillation lights on the basis of receiving of a radiation having a predetermined energy amount;a plurality of optical detection units which comprise a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements outputting detection signals on the basis of incidence of the scintillation light; anda control unit which acquires the detection signals output from the optical detection units,wherein the optical detection unit is provided in each scintillator to detect the scintillation light generated from one scintillator, andwherein the control unit is configured to correct the detection signals on the basis of a plurality of features included in a histogram based on the acquired detection signals and a value of the energy of the radiation.2. The radiation detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to acquire a correlation between a detection value of the optical detection unit and a correction value of the detection value for correcting the detection signal based on a photoelectric absorption peak read value and a compton edge read value which are the features included in the histogram.3. The radiation detection device according to claim 2 , wherein the control unit acquires the correlation based on a quadratic function in which a theoretical value corresponding to the correction value is correlated with the photoelectric absorption peak read value and the compton edge read value included in the histogram.4. The radiation ...

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Номер записи: 75
07-06-2018 дата публикации

PORTABLE RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20180156929A1
Автор: Joung Jinhun
Принадлежит:

A hand-held portable radiation detection device, such as a radiation isotopic identification device (RIID), is integrated with a personal digital assistant device (PDA), such as a smart phone, to provide improved data processing capability and user interface. The hand-held portable radiation detection device includes a mounting unit for holding the PDA, in which at least one function of the PDA may be controlled by a plurality of buttons provided on an outer casing of the radiation detection device. 1. A portable radiation detection system , comprising:a radiation detection subsystem including radiation detection system components housed in an outer casing, the outer casing including a mounting unit and a handle; anda personal digital assistant (PDA) configured to communicate with the radiation detection subsystem; at least one radiation detector configured to detect radiation and generate electronic signals;', 'a first signal processing unit configured to process the electronic signals and generate digitized data;', 'a first communication unit configured to transmit the digitized data;, 'wherein the radiation detection system components comprise a second signal processing unit configured to process the digitized data received from the radiation detection subsystem;', 'a user interface unit;', 'a second communication unit configured to communicate with the first communication unit to receive the digitized data;, 'wherein the PDA includeswherein the PDA is embedded in the mounting unit, and wherein the radiation detection subsystem includes at least one user control device configured to control at least one function of the PDA.2. The portable radiation detection system of claim 1 , wherein the mounting unit is arranged in a front section of the outer casing and includes a recessed portion for holding the PDA claim 1 , wherein the recessed portion is arranged to face the handle at a raised position claim 1 , such that at least a portion of the recessed portion is ...

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Номер записи: 76
23-05-2019 дата публикации

Analog Direct Digital X-Ray Photon Counting Detector For Resolving Photon Energy In Spectral X-Ray CT

Номер: US20190154852A1
Автор: McCroskey William
Принадлежит: NueVue Solutions, Inc.

An analog x-ray photon counting detector is provided. The detector may include a direct conversion medium such as CZT, a charge sensitive preamplifier receiving an electronic pulse form the direct conversion medium, pulse-shaping electronics for conditioning the amplified signal, and one or more time-over-threshold triggers set to differing trigger levels. The time-over-threshold data is the related back to photon energy through a calibration curve, where each trigger level is associated with one calibration curve. The calibration data may be contained in a nonlinear lookup table. Each photocurrent pulse may be analyzed according to one or more time-over-threshold measurements. Thus, the energy values computed from each-time-over threshold measurement may be averaged. 1. An analog x-ray photon counting detector , comprising:a direct conversion medium electronically responsive to x-ray and/or gamma photons such that the direct conversion medium generates an analytically useful photoelectronic pulse proportional to an energy of an absorbed photon;a charge sensitive preamplifier in electronic communication with the direct conversion medium and receptive to the photoelectronic pulse as input, wherein the charge sensitive preamplifier outputs an electronically useful pulse proportional to the photoelectronic pulse input;a pulse-shaping amplifier receptive to the output of the charge sensitive preamplifier as input and produces an analytical signal pulse;a first electronic counter-timer in electronic controlling communication with a first AND gate such that the first electronic counter-timer starts when triggered at a first trigger level in a rise time of the analytical signal pulse and the first electronic counter-timer stops when triggered at the first trigger level in a fall time of the analytical signal pulse;a second electronic counter-timer in electronic controlling communication with a second AND gate such that the second electronic counter-timer starts when ...

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Номер записи: 77
24-06-2021 дата публикации

Electronic Radiation Dosimeter

Номер: US20210190973A1
Автор: BUCHHOLD Reinhard, LEDER Erich, TROST Norbert
Принадлежит:

A radiation dosimeter includes a first radiation detector configured to operate in a counting mode, and a second radiation detector configured to operate in a current mode. A processor is configured to calculate a first detected dose of the first radiation detector, a second detected dose of the second radiation detector, and a total dose value using the first detected dose and the second detected dose. An alarm indicates when the total dose value is above a predetermined level. 1. A radiation dosimeter comprising:a first radiation detector configured to operate in a counting mode;a second radiation detector configured to operate in a current mode;a processor configured to calculate a first detected dose of the first radiation detector and a second detected dose of the second radiation detector, and a total dose value using the first detected dose and the second detected dose; andan alarm to indicate when the total dose value is above a predetermined level.2. The radiation dosimeter of claim 1 , wherein the second detector is a PIN-Diode detector.3. The radiation dosimeter of claim 2 , wherein a dark current component of the PIN diode detector is separated by capacitive coupling.4. The radiation dosimeter of claim 1 , further comprising a first filter positioned on the first detector and a second filter positioned on the second detector.5. The radiation dosimeter of claim 4 , wherein the first and second filters are configured to provide a substantially flat energy response.6. The radiation dosimeter of claim 1 , further comprising a capacitor configured to store a charge generated in the second detector from a radiation pulse.7. The radiation dosimeter of claim 6 , further comprising a resistor and an amplifier; wherein the resistor prevents discharge of a charge from a detector charge stored in the capacitor during radiation pulse ionizing the semiconductor of the amplifier and making the amplifier input conductive.8. The radiation dosimeter of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 78
16-06-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GUIDED DE-NOISING FOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Номер: US20160171648A1
Автор: Bouman Charles, Pal Debashish, SAUER KEN DAVID, TANG JIE, Thibault Jean-Baptiste, ZHANG RUOQIAO
Принадлежит:

A method includes obtaining spectral computed tomography (CT) information via an acquisition unit having an X-ray source and a CT detector. The method also includes, generating, with one or more processing units, using at least one image transform, a first basis image and a second basis image using the spectral CT information. Further, the method includes performing, with the one or more processing units, guided processing on the second basis image using the first basis image as a guide to provide a modified second basis image. Also, the method includes performing at least one inverse image transform using the first basis image and the modified second basis image to generate at least one modified image. 1. A method comprising:obtaining spectral computed tomography (CT) information via an acquisition unit comprising an X-ray source and a CT detector;generating, with one or more processing units, using at least one image transform, a first basis image and a second basis image using the spectral CT information;performing, with the one or more processing units, guided processing on the second basis image using the first basis image as a guide to provide a modified second basis image;performing a first inverse image transform using the first basis image and the modified second basis image to provide a first modified image; andperforming a second inverse image transform using the first basis image and the modified second basis image to provide a second modified image.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spectral CT information includes dual energy CT information including first energy projection data and second energy projection data corresponding to first and second energies claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , and wherein generating the first basis image and the second basis image using at least one image transform comprises:performing a first material decomposition to provide a first material image using the first energy projection data and the second energy projection ...

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Номер записи: 79
15-06-2017 дата публикации

Compensating for Pulse Shape Variation of Light in Scintillators

Номер: US20170168170A1
Автор: Michael Momayezi
Принадлежит: Bridgeport Instruments LLC

A method and apparatus to improve the measurement accuracy for ionizing radiation pulses when using large scintillator crystals that absorb their own scintillation light.

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Номер записи: 80
29-09-2022 дата публикации

X-RAY PHOTON-COUNTING DATA CORRECTION THROUGH DEEP LEARNING

Номер: US20220308242A1
Автор: Li Mengzhou, Rundle David S., Wang Ge
Принадлежит: RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

A method for x-ray photon-counting data correction. The method includes generating, by a training data generation module, training input spectral projection data based, at least in part, on a reference spectral projection data. The training input spectral projection data includes at least one of a pulse pileup distortion, a charge splitting distortion, and/or noise. The method further includes training, by a training module, a data correction artificial neural network (ANN) based, at least in part, on training data. The data correction ANN includes a pulse pileup correction ANN, and a charge splitting correction ANN. The training data includes the training input spectral projection data and the reference spectral projection data. 1. A method for x-ray photon-counting data correction , the method comprising:generating, by a training data generation module, training input spectral projection data based, at least in part, on a reference spectral projection data, the training input spectral projection data comprising at least one of a pulse pileup distortion, a charge splitting distortion, and/or noise; andtraining, by a training module, a data correction artificial neural network (ANN) based, at least in part, on training data, the data correction ANN comprising a pulse pileup correction ANN, and a charge splitting correction ANN, the training data comprising the training input spectral projection data and the reference spectral projection data.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the training is performed in a Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) framework.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:generating, by the pulse pileup correction ANN, an intermediate estimate based, at least in part, on the training input spectral projection data; anddetermining, by a guidance loss circuitry, a guidance loss based, at least in part, on the intermediate estimate, and based, at least in part, on a charge splitting distorted target, the charge splitting distorted ...

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Номер записи: 81
25-06-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MEASURING THE ACTIVITY OF A PHOTON EMISSION SOURCE

Номер: US20150177408A1
Автор: Gurrarian Rodolfo, Panza Fabien
Принадлежит: INSTITUT DE RADIOPROTECTION ET DE SURETE NUCLEAIRE

The invention relates to a method for a study of a photon emission source at a site, the method including the steps consisting of: measuring () the spectrometric data and the geographic coordinates of the measurement point at a surface point of said site and storing said data in association with said coordinates in a memory; moving () the detector to at least one other point of the site and, at each point, repeating the step of measuring and storing; and implementing a deconvolution step (), using a predetermined detector response function, on all the measured spectrometric surface data, in order to obtain refined spectrometric surface information, said spectrometric surface information enabling the geographic location and the evaluation of the photon emission rate of said source. The invention further relates to a system suitable for implementing the method. 1. A method for a study of a photon emission source at a site , the method comprising the steps of:{'b': '100', 'measuring () the spectrometric data and the geographic coordinates of the measurement point at a surface point of said site and storing said data in association with said coordinates,'}{'b': '200', 'moving () the detector to at least one other point of the site and, at each point, repeating the step of measuring and storing, and'}{'b': '500', 'implementing from a predetermined detector response function a deconvolution step (), on all the measured spectrometric surface data, in order to obtain refined spectrometric surface information,'}the refined spectrometric surface data enabling the geographic location and the evaluation of the photon emission rate of said source.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spectrometric data is a photon counting rate in a determined energy band characteristic of an atomic species of the source claim 1 , and a photon counting rate in a second energy band claim 1 , corresponding to photons of said atomic species scattered by Compton scattering.3300500. The ...

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Номер записи: 82
21-05-2020 дата публикации

RADIATION DETECTOR WITH AN INTERMEDIATE LAYER

Номер: US20200158890A1
Автор: ERGLER Thorsten, Geyer Herald, HOSEMANN Michael, Wirth Stefan, Wrege Jan
Принадлежит: Siemens Healthcare GmbH

A radiation detector includes an intermediate layer, which is arranged between a detection layer with a number of detection elements and a number of readout units. In an example embodiment of this arrangement, the intermediate layer has a plurality of electrically-conductive connections between the detection elements and the readout units. An example embodiment further specifies a medical imaging system, as well as a method of using the heating apparatus. 1. A radiation detector comprising:a detection layer including a plurality of detection elements;at least one readout units;an intermediate layer, arranged between the detection layer and the plurality of readout units, the intermediate layer including a plurality of electrically-conductive connections each respectively arranged between respective ones of the plurality of detection elements and respective ones of the plurality of readout units; anda heating apparatus, including at least one heating element, arranged between the detection layer and the at least one readout unit, wherein the at least one heating element is embodied as a serpentine electrical conductor that extends along two planar side surfaces of the intermediate layer.2. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein an overall surface of the plurality of detection elements is relatively large compared to an overall surface of the plurality of readout units.3. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the radiation detector is embodied for detection of X-ray radiation.4. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrically-conductive connections are embodied as vias and rewiring structures.5. The radiation detector of claim 4 , wherein the intermediate layer includes the rewiring structures on a side facing towards the plurality of readout units.6. The radiation detector of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer comprises a substrate made from at least one of a glass fiber composite material claim 1 , phenolic paper claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 83
01-07-2021 дата публикации

COMPRESSIVE IMAGING METHOD AND SYSTEM

Номер: US20210199819A1
Автор: Boardman David, Chartier Lachlan, Flynn Alison, Guenette Mathew, IIter Jayden, Prokopovich Dale, Sarbutt Adam, Watt Geoff
Принадлежит: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation

A mask for use in compressed sensing of incoming radiation, the mask comprising: a body formed of a material that modulates an intensity of incoming radiation of interest. The body has a plurality of mask aperture regions, each comprising at least one mask aperture that allows a higher transmission of the radiation relative to other portions of the respective mask aperture region, the relative transmission being sufficient to allow reconstruction of the compressed sensing measurements; the mask has one or more axes of rotational symmetry with respect to the mask aperture regions; the mask apertures have a shape that provides symmetry after a rotation about the one or more axes of rotational symmetry; and mutual coherence of a sensing matrix generated by the rotation of the respective mask aperture regions is less than one. An imaging system for compressed sensing of incoming radiation comprising such a mask is also provided. 1. A mask for use in compressed sensing of incoming radiation , comprising:a body formed of a material that modulates an intensity of incoming radiation of interest; andwherein the body has a plurality of mask aperture regions, each comprising at least one mask aperture that allows a higher transmission of the radiation relative to other portions of the respective mask aperture region, the relative transmission being sufficient to allow reconstruction of the compressed sensing measurements;the mask has one or more axes of rotational symmetry with respect to the mask aperture regions;the mask apertures have a shape that provides symmetry after a rotation about the one or more axes of rotational symmetry; andmutual coherence of a sensing matrix generated by the rotation of the respective mask aperture regions is less than one.4. A mask as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mutual coherence of the mask apertures is a minimized mutual coherence.5. A mask as claimed in wherein the mask is (i) a cubic or other Platonic solid claim 1 , or (ii) a ...

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Номер записи: 84
01-07-2021 дата публикации

MULTIFACETED RADIATION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20210199841A1
Автор: Labov Simon E., Nelson Karl E., Seilhan Brandon S.
Принадлежит:

A system identifying a source of radiation is provided. The system includes a radiation source detector and a radiation source identifier. The radiation source detector receives measurements of radiation; for one or more sources, generates a detection metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; and evaluates the detection metrics to detect whether a source is present in the measurements. When the presence of a source in the measurements is detected, the radiation source identifier for one or more sources, generates an identification metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; generates a null-hypothesis metric indicating whether no source is present in the measurements; evaluates the one or more identification metrics and the null-hypothesis metric to identify the source, if any, that is present in the measurements. 1. A method performed by a computing system for estimating a background histogram of background counts based on measurement histograms of measurement counts of measurements collected to detect presence of a source reflected within the measurements , the method comprising:accessing basis vectors of histograms that span a linear combination of prior background histograms derived from prior measurement histograms;calculating a current background histogram based on the current measurement histograms;determining whether the current background histogram has a strong association with or a strong disassociation with a basis vector;upon determining that the current background histogram has a strong association with or a strong disassociation with a basis vector, modifying the basis vectors based on the current background histogram; andafter modifying that basis vectors, adjusting the basis vectors to increase diversity.2. The method of wherein the adjusting attempts to maximize eigenvalues associated with a correlation matrix formed by the basis vectors.3. The method of further comprising applying a detection ...

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Номер записи: 85
04-06-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR ACQUIRING PULSE HEIGHT SPECTRUM, METHOD FOR ACQUIRING PULSE HEIGHT SPECTRUM, PROGRAM FOR ACQUIRING PULSE HEIGHT SPECTRUM, AND RADIATION IMAGING APPARATUS

Номер: US20200170586A1
Автор: TAKAHASHI Isao
Принадлежит: Hitachi, Ltd.

A highly accurate pulse height spectrum is generated within a short amount of time, further cost of a radiation imaging apparatus being reduced by employing a detector that performs calibration using the pulse height spectrum. Provided is a pulse height spectrum acquisition device of a radiation detector including multiple counting units for counting a detected signal obtained by detecting incident X-rays, when a value of the detected signal is equal to or larger than a threshold, and for outputting a count value of each counting unit. This device is provided with a threshold setter configured to set to a first counting unit, a first threshold V1 as a threshold for a first measurement, along with setting to a second counting unit, a second threshold V2 larger than the first threshold V1, and to set to the first counting unit, a reconfigured threshold V1′ as the threshold for a second measurement, the reconfigured threshold V1′ being different from the first threshold V1, a measurement controller configured to perform multiple measurements, and a pulse height spectrum generator configured to generate a pulse height spectrum for the first threshold V1 of the first counting unit, on the basis of a difference in the count values from the first counting unit and the second counting unit, obtained by the multiple measurements performed by the measurement controller. 1. A pulse height spectrum acquisition device of a radiation detector including a plurality of counting units for counting a detected signal obtained by detecting incident X-rays , when a value of the detected signal is equal to or larger than a threshold , and for outputting a count value of each of the counting units , the pulse height spectrum acquisition device comprising ,a threshold setter configured to set a first threshold V1 to a first counting unit as a threshold for a first measurement, along with setting to a second counting unit, a second threshold V2 larger than the first threshold V1, and to set ...

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Номер записи: 86
28-06-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF 227AC IN 223RA COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20180180585A1
Автор: HJELLUM Gro Elisabeth
Принадлежит:

A method for the quantification of Ac in a Ra composition comprising passing the composition through a first solid phase extraction column A, wherein said column comprises a thorium specific resin, passing the eluate of column A through a second solid phase extraction Column B, wherein said column comprises an actinium specific resin and recovering the Ac absorbed onto the resin in column B and determining the amount thereof. 121-. (canceled)22. Apparatus for the quantification of Ac in a Ra composition comprisinga first solid phase extraction column A, wherein said column A comprises a thorium specific resin, anda second solid phase extraction column B, wherein said column B comprises an actinium specific resin.23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein column A and column B are arranged in series.24. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the thorium specific resin comprises a phosphonate extractant.25. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the phosphonate extractant is an alkyl phosphonate extractant.27. The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein the dialkyl alkyl phosphonate extractant is a dipentyl pentylphosphonate extractant29. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the tetra-alkyl diglycolamide extractant is a N claim 28 ,N claim 28 ,N′ claim 28 ,N′-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide (DGA) extractant. The present invention relates to a novel method for quantifying levels of Ac in Ra compositions, in particular a method which involves solid phase extraction followed by quantification via the in-growth of the Th daughter via γ-spectrometry. The invention further relates to the use of the method of the invention in determining the level of Ac in a Ra composition and to an apparatus for use in the method of the invention.A substantial percentage of cancer patients is effected by skeletal metastases. As many as 85% of patients with advanced lung, prostate and breast carcinoma develop bony metastates (Garret 1993, Nielsen et al, 1991). They are associated with a decline in health and ...

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Номер записи: 87
29-06-2017 дата публикации

SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR, RADIATION DETECTOR AND RADIATION DETECTION APPARATUS

Номер: US20170184734A1
Автор: Bellutti Pierluigi, Boscardin Maurizio, Matsunaga Daisuke, PICCIOTTO Antonino, ZORZI Nicola
Принадлежит:

A semiconductor detector for detecting radiation comprises a first semiconductor part in which an electron and a hole are generated by incident radiation; a signal output electrode outputting a signal base on the electron or the hole; and a gettering part gettering impurities in the first semiconductor part. In addition, the semiconductor detector further comprises a second semiconductor part doped with a type of dopant impurities and having dopant impurity concentration higher than that of the first semiconductor part. The second semiconductor part is in contact with the first semiconductor part. The gettering part is in contact with the second semiconductor part and not in contact with the first semiconductor part. 1. A semiconductor detector for detecting radiation , comprising:a first semiconductor part in which an electron and a hole are generated by incident radiation;a signal output electrode outputting a signal based on the electron or the hole;a gettering part gettering impurities in the first semiconductor part; anda second semiconductor part doped with a type of dopant impurities and having dopant impurity concentration higher than dopant impurity concentration of the first semiconductor part, whereinthe second semiconductor part is in contact with the first semiconductor part, andthe gettering part is in contact with the second semiconductor part and not in contact with the first semiconductor part.2. The semiconductor detector according to claim 1 , whereinthe first semiconductor part has a plate-like shape,the second semiconductor part is located at one surface of the first semiconductor part,the other surface of the first semiconductor part is an entrance surface for incident radiation, andthe gettering part is located on the second semiconductor part.3. The semiconductor detector according to claim 2 , whereinthe second semiconductor part is formed with multiple curved elements.4. The semiconductor detector according to claim 1 , whereina main ...

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Номер записи: 88
29-06-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF CALIBRATING AN X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS SYSTEM

Номер: US20170184739A1
Автор: Barbes Damien, PAULUS Caroline, TABARY Joachim
Принадлежит: Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives

The invention is a method of calibrating an X ray diffraction measuring system. The method includes moving a so-called calibration object along a propagation axis along which an irradiation beam propagates, the calibration object being adapted to occupy a plurality of successive positions along that axis. At each position of the object a spectrometry detector including at least one pixel acquires a spectrum of scattering radiation emitted by the object at an acute angle relative to the propagation axis. The method includes, in various spectra corresponding to various respective positions of the object, the identification of a so-called calibration peak and obtaining a parameter of said peak, which parameter can be the intensity or the energy of said peak. The parameters obtained on the various peaks then make it possible to establish an associated pixel dispersion function. 1. A method of calibrating a device for analyzing an object , said analysis device including:a source of irradiation adapted to irradiate said object, configured to emit ionizing electromagnetic radiation propagating toward the object along a propagation axis;a detector including at least one pixel and adapted to detect radiation scattered by the object irradiated in this way and to acquire an energy spectrum thereof, said scattered radiation propagating in a direction at an acute so-called scattering angle relative to said propagation axis;the calibration method including the following steps:a) irradiating a calibration object by the irradiation source so that at least one pixel of the detector detects radiation scattered by the calibration object thus irradiated and acquires an energy spectrum thereof;b) moving the calibration object to successive different positions along said propagation axis, and at each position of the object, acquisition, by said pixel, of a spectrum, termed calibration spectrum, of the radiation scattered by the calibration object, each calibration spectrum being ...

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Номер записи: 89
04-06-2020 дата публикации

LINEAR FITTING OF MULTI-THRESHOLD COUNTING DATA

Номер: US20200174142A1
Автор: Muir Ryan Douglas, Pogranichniy Nicholas Roman, Simpson Garth Jason
Принадлежит: PURDUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION

The present disclosure provides a system and method for efficiently mining multi-threshold measurements acquired using photon counting pixel-array detectors for spectral imaging and diffraction analyses. Images of X-ray intensity as a function of X-ray energy were recorded on a 6 megapixel X-ray photon counting array detector through linear fitting of the measured counts recorded as a function of counting threshold. An analytical model is disclosed for describing the probability density of detected voltage, utilizing fractional photon counting to account for edge/corner effects from voltage plumes that spread across multiple pixels. Three-parameter fits to the model were independently performed for each pixel in the array for X-ray scattering images acquired for 13.5 keV and 15.0 keV X-ray energies. From the established pixel responses, multi-threshold composite images produced from the sum of 13.5 keV and 15.0 keV data can be analytically separated to recover the monochromatic images through simple linear fitting. 1. A method for achieving dynamic range detection in X-ray image processing , the method comprising:acquiring a sensor response based on a plurality of X-ray photons from a sensor, the sensor response comprising a plurality of counts, wherein each count of the plurality of counts comprises an X-ray photon induced transient voltage that exceeds a local set of predetermined voltages;modeling a peak height distribution, using a functional form, for a plurality of single photon responses from a histogram of the X-ray photon induced transient voltage;calculating a second peak height distribution for a plurality of simultaneous photons based on the plurality of single photon response and the peak height distribution;performing Poisson weighting on the peak height distribution and the second peak height distribution, thereby generating a Poisson weighted peak height distribution;determining a number of photons using the Poisson weighted peak height distribution; ...

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Номер записи: 90
04-06-2020 дата публикации

Method and system for determining energy spectrum of x-ray device

Номер: US20200176237A1
Автор: Peng Cheng
Принадлежит: Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd

The present disclosure discloses a method and a system for determining an energy spectrum of an incident electron beam. The method includes obtaining a plurality of deflection currents of a beam deflection device; for each of the plurality of deflection currents, determining an energy range of an ejected electron beam, and determining a target current of a target generated by the ejected electron beam irradiating the target, wherein the ejected electron beam is emitted from an output of the beam deflection device after the incident electron beam enters the beam deflection device. The method also includes determining the energy spectrum of the incident electron beam based on the energy ranges of the plurality of ejected electron beams and the corresponding target currents.

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Номер записи: 91
16-07-2015 дата публикации

Imbedded Mobile Detection Device

Номер: US20150198726A1
Автор: Chou Mitch M. C., Li Chu-An
Принадлежит:

An imbedded mobile detection device includes a radiation detector, comprising a detection crystal and a photo-sensitive element, a radiation detector, an analog-digital converter (ADC), and a software application unit, wherein the detection crystal is a C:AlOcrystal having oxygen vacancy deficiencies formed by subjecting a carbon covered AlOstructure to vacuum diffusion and atmosphere annealing, when any radioactive particle exists in an on-spot environment, an energy thereof is absorbed through a recombination process of the vacancy deficiencies. Finally, the radiation energy spectrum analysis information is obtained through a measurement, by which some environmental radiations and waste containing radioactive material emitted from some radiation plants may be measured and analyzed, achieving the efficacy of an online measurement result processing and providing an accurate nuclide determination. 1. An imbedded mobile detection device , comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'a radiation detector, comprising a detection crystal and a photo-sensitive element, for effectively absorbing a species and an energy range of radioactive particles of a predetermined detection object, and generating an analog pulse signal based thereon, wherein the detection crystal is a C:AlOcrystal having oxygen vacancy deficiencies formed by subjecting a carbon covered AlOstructure to vacuum diffusion and atmosphere annealing, when any radioactive particle exists in an on-spot environment, an energy thereof is absorbed through a recombination process of the vacancy deficiencies, and the photo-sensitive element converts photo-pulses generated by the detection crystal having absorbed the energy of the radioactive particles into an analog pulse signal;'}an analog-digital converter (ADC), coupled to the radiation detector and converting the analog pulse signal into a digital logic pulse signal; anda software application unit, coupled to the ADC and receiving and computing the digital logic pulse ...

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Номер записи: 92
22-07-2021 дата публикации

HIGH PURITY GERMANIUM DETECTOR

Номер: US20210223416A1
Автор: Chang Jianping, LI HONG, Li Jianmin, LI Yulan, Zhang Zhi
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides a high purity germanium detector. The high purity germanium detector includes: an array of high purity germanium crystal units including two or more high purity germanium crystal units, wherein, each of the two or more high purity germanium crystal units comprises a partial electrode on a side surface and/or a first top surface, and the electrodes on the side surfaces and/or the first top surfaces of the two or more high purity germanium crystal units are electrically connected together to form a first contact electrode of the high purity germanium detector; and each of the high purity germanium crystal units comprises a respective second contact electrode therein, such that the high purity germanium detector comprises two or more second contact electrodes. 1. A high purity germanium detector , comprising: an array of high purity germanium crystal units comprising two or more high purity germanium crystal units , wherein , each of the two or more high purity germanium crystal units comprises a partial electrode on a side surface and/or a first top surface thereof , and the partial electrodes on the side surfaces and/or the first top surfaces of the two or more high purity germanium crystal units are electrically connected together to form a first contact electrode of the high purity germanium detector; and each of the high purity germanium crystal units comprises a respective second contact electrode therein , such that the high purity germanium detector comprises two or more second contact electrodes.2. The high purity germanium detector of claim 1 , further comprising: a first electrode connecting to the first contact electrode claim 1 , and a second electrode respectively connecting to the two or more second contact electrodes on a second top surface of each of the high purity germanium crystal units; the second top surface of each of the high purity germanium crystal units being opposite to the first top surface.3. The high purity ...

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Номер записи: 93
30-07-2015 дата публикации

MASKS THAT SELECTIVELY ATTENTUATE RADIATION FOR INSPECTION OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Номер: US20150212217A1
Автор: Wen ShiJie, WONG Richard J.
Принадлежит: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Masks that selectively attenuate radiation for inspections of printed circuit boards (PCB) are disclosed. A PCB may be inspected for defects by exposing the PCB with radiation and analyzing the radiation transmitted through the PCB. By employing a radiation mask having first and second segments between the PCB and a radiation source, the radiation may be selectively attenuated to attenuate a first portion of the radiation with a first attenuation level to prevent performance degradation to sensitive semiconductor devices as part of a first sectional area of the PCB, and yet provide substantially non-attenuation or attenuation at a second attenuation level for a second portion of the radiation incident upon a second sectional area of the PCB which is free from sensitive semiconductor devices. In this manner, the selective attenuation enables inspection of the first and second sectional areas of the PCB without damage to the sensitive semiconductor devices. 1. A method for inspecting a printed circuit board (PCB) , comprising:providing a PCB comprising a first sectional area including at least one sensitive semiconductor device, and a second sectional area which is free of a sensitive semiconductor device;disposing a radiation mask between a radiation source and the PCB, the radiation mask including a first segment and a second segment;emitting, from the radiation source, a first portion of radiation towards the first sectional area and a second portion of the radiation towards the second sectional area, wherein the first portion passes through the first segment that attenuates the first portion at a first attenuation level, and wherein the second portion passes through the second segment substantially non-attenuated or attenuated at a second attenuated level which is less than the first attenuation level; andreceiving, with a defect identification unit, a transmitted portion of the radiation that passed through the PCB.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a thickness ...

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Номер записи: 94
30-07-2015 дата публикации

Gamma-Ray Spectrometer

Номер: US20150212218A1
Автор: Manslow John, Ramsden David
Принадлежит:

An apparatus is described. The apparatus comprising a gamma-ray spectrometer arranged to receive gamma-rays from a calibration source, the gamma-ray spectrometer comprising: a scintillator material optically coupled to two or more photomultipliers, the two or more photomultipliers being arranged to detect photons generated in the scintillator material associated with gamma-ray interactions between the scintillator material and gamma-rays received from the calibration source, wherein the two or more photomultipliers are operable to output respective detection signals associated with the gamma-ray interactions; the apparatus further comprising: a switch coupled to receive the respective detection signals from the two or more photomultipliers and operable to select detection signals from one of the two or more photomultipliers; and a stabilization circuit coupled to the switch and operable to receive the selected detection signal of the respective photomultiplier and to stabilize the gain of the photomultiplier that output the selected detection signal based on the detection signals. 1. An apparatus comprising a calibration source and a gamma-ray spectrometer arranged to receive gamma-rays from the calibration source ,the gamma-ray spectrometer comprising:a scintillator material optically coupled to two or more photomultipliers, the two or more photomultipliers being arranged to detect photons generated in the scintillator material associated with gamma-ray interactions between the scintillator material and gamma-rays received from the calibration source, wherein the two or more photomultipliers are operable to output respective detection signals associated with the gamma-ray interactions;the calibration source comprising:a radioactive material having a decay transition associated with emission of a radiation particle and a gamma-ray, a detector arranged to receive radiation particles emitted from the radioactive material, and a gating circuit coupled to the detector ...

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Номер записи: 95
21-07-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF 227AC IN 223RA COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20160209387A1
Автор: HJELLUM Gro Elisabeth
Принадлежит:

A method for the quantification of Ac in a Ra composition comprising passing the composition through a first solid phase extraction column A, wherein said column comprises a thorium specific resin, passing the eluate of column A through a second solid phase extraction column B, wherein said column comprises an actinium specific resin and recovering the Ac absorbed onto the resin in column B and determining the amount thereof. 1. A method for the quantification of Ac in a Ra composition , said method comprising:{'sup': '223', '(i) passing said Ra composition through a first solid phase extraction column A, wherein said column A comprises a thorium specific resin;'}(ii) passing the eluate of column A through a second solid phase extraction column B, wherein said column B comprises an actinium specific resin; and{'sup': '227', '(iii) recovering the Ac absorbed onto the resin in column B and determining the amount thereof.'}2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the thorium specific resin comprises a phosphonate extractant.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the actinium specific resin comprises a diglycolamide extractant.6. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein column A and column B are arranged in series.7. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the eluent used in both columns A and B comprises aqueous nitric acid.8. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein recovery of the Ac in step (iii) is achieved by washing column B with an aqueous acid.9. A method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the washing volume of the aqueous acid is 16 to 400 times the volume of the column B.10. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the determination in step (iii) is achieved by γ-spectrometry via in-growth and detection of the daughter Th.11. A method as claimed in claim 1 , said method comprising:{'sup': 223', '223, '(i) Adding a volume of a Ra composition corresponding to a known activity of Ra to an equal volume of nitric acid.'}(ii) )Transferring the sample from ...

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Номер записи: 96
21-07-2016 дата публикации

RADIATION ANALYZING APPARATUS

Номер: US20160209525A1
Автор: Nakayama Satoshi, TANAKA Keiichi
Принадлежит:

A superconductive transition edge sensor detects radiation. A wave height analyzer generates an energy spectrum of radiation using a detection signal which is output from the superconductive transition edge sensor. A temperature control section and a base line monitor mechanism acquire a physical quantity of data having correlation with detection sensitivity of the superconductive transition edge sensor. A sensitivity correction arithmetic operation unit associates the physical quantity of a plurality of pieces of the acquired data at a plurality of different timings over a predetermined period of time with the detection signal at a certain timing and corrects the detection signal at the certain timing in accordance with the detection sensitivity of the superconductive transition edge sensor by using information regarding the correlation between the physical quantity of the plurality of pieces of data and the detection sensitivity of the superconductive transition edge sensor. 1. A radiation analyzing apparatus comprising:a superconductive transition edge sensor configured to detect radiation;a spectrum generation unit configured to generate an energy spectrum of the radiation using a detection signal which is output from the superconductive transition edge sensor;a data acquisition unit configured to acquire a physical quantity of data having correlation with detection sensitivity of the superconductive transition edge sensor; anda sensitivity correction unit configured to associate the detection signal output from the superconductive transition edge sensor at a certain timing with the physical quantity of a plurality of pieces of data acquired by the data acquisition unit at a plurality of different timings over a predetermined period of time and to correct the detection signal output at said certain timing in accordance with the detection sensitivity of the superconductive transition edge sensor by using information regarding correlation between the physical ...

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Номер записи: 97
30-07-2015 дата публикации

HIGH-VOLTAGE ENERGY-DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY USING A LOW-VOLTAGE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Номер: US20150213995A1
Автор: Indermuehle Scott W., Klyachko Dimitri, Muray Lawrence P., Spallas James P., Wu Ying
Принадлежит:

A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) apparatus that includes a scanning electron microscope, an x-ray detector, and an auxiliary acceleration voltage source. The scanning electron microscope includes a sample holder, and a layered electron beam column arranged to output an electron beam towards the sample holder at an initial beam energy. The auxiliary acceleration voltage source is to apply an auxiliary acceleration voltage between the sample holder and the layered electron beam column to accelerate the electron beam to a final beam energy. At the final beam energy, the electron beam is capable of generating x-rays at multiple wavelengths from a larger range of atomic species than the electron beam at the initial beam energy. 1. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) apparatus , comprising:a scanning electron microscope comprising a sample holder, and a layered electron beam column arranged to output an electron beam towards the sample holder at an initial beam energy;an x-ray detector; andan auxiliary acceleration voltage source to apply an auxiliary acceleration voltage between the sample holder and the layered electron beam column to accelerate the electron beam to a final beam energy, the electron beam at the final beam energy capable of generating x-rays at multiple wavelengths from a larger range of atomic species than the electron beam at the initial beam energy.2. The spectroscopy apparatus of claim 1 , in which the x-ray detector comprises a silicon drift detector.3. The spectroscopy apparatus of claim 2 , in which the silicon drift detector is part of a silicon drift detector die mounted on the layered electron beam column.4. The spectroscopy apparatus of claim 3 , in which the silicon drift detector die is mounted on a surface of the layered electron beam column facing the sample holder.5. The spectroscopy apparatus of claim 3 , in which:the layered electron beam column ...

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Номер записи: 98
29-07-2021 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Compton Scatter And/Or Pulse Pileup Detection

Номер: US20210231819A1
Автор: Langeveld Willem Gerhardus Johannes
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods for detecting Compton scatter are provided. The system includes a first detector configured to detect incident radiation and output a first detector signal; more than one second detectors surrounding the first detector and configured to detect incident radiation scattered by the first detector, wherein each of the second detectors output a second detector signal, and wherein a signal decay time of the first detector signal differs from the signal decay time of the second detector signals; and a digitizer configured to receive a single input consisting of output signals from each of the first detector and the plurality of second detectors, wherein the digitizer is further configured to simultaneously digitize the signals to produce a digitized output waveform, and wherein a shape of the output waveform is indicative of a presence or an absence of a Compton scatter signal. The systems and methods are also configured to detect pulse pileup, with or without second detectors. 1. A method for reducing Compton scatter contributions or pileup signal contributions to detected signals comprising:detecting incident radiation using a first detector system outputting a first analog detector signal;detecting incident radiation scattered by the first detector system using a second detector system positioned around the first detector system, wherein the second detector system outputs a second analog detector signal, and wherein a signal shape of the second analog detector signal differs from a signal shape of the first analog detector signal;combining the first analog detector signal and the second analog detector signal, using a summing circuit or signal combination wiring, before digitizing either the first analog detector signal or the second analog detector signal to form a combined analog signal;digitizing, using at least one digitizer, the combined analog signal to create a digitized output signal defined by a digitized output signal waveform;using at ...

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Номер записи: 99
19-07-2018 дата публикации

LOW-COST AND LOW-POWER RADIATION SPECTROMETER

Номер: US20180203133A1
Автор: Becker Eric Matthew, Farsoni Abdollah Tavakoli
Принадлежит: Oregon State University

An apparatus for detecting radiation energy includes a first comparator coupled to a first voltage source applying a first threshold voltage to the first comparator. The apparatus includes a second comparator, a radiation detector, Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and control circuitry. The second comparator is coupled to a second voltage source applying a second threshold voltage to the second comparator. The radiation detector is coupled to the first and second comparators. The ADC has a first input coupled to the detector, and is responsive to a second input for placing it in a low-power mode. The control circuitry is coupled to outputs of the comparators and the ADC, and the control circuitry temporarily switches the ADC from the low-power mode to a normal operating mode to perform a peak measurement of detected radiation energy, and determine the first and second threshold voltages based on the peak measurement. 1. An apparatus for detecting radiation energy , comprising:a first comparator coupled to a first voltage source, the first voltage source applying a first threshold voltage to the first comparator;a second comparator coupled to a second voltage source, the second voltage source applying a second threshold voltage to the second comparator;a radiation detector coupled to the first and second comparators;an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having a first input coupled to the radiation detector, the ADC being responsive to a second input to be placed in a low-power mode; and determine that radiation energy is being detected by the radiation detector;', 'temporarily switch the ADC from the low-power mode to a normal operating mode so as to perform a peak measurement of the radiation energy; and', 'determine the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage based on the peak measurement, the first and second threshold voltages corresponding to an energy range of interest., 'control circuitry coupled to outputs of the first and second ...

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Номер записи: 100