Patent RU2017134099A3

”ВУ“” 2017134099” АЗ Дата публикации: 01.08.2019 Форма № 18 ИЗ,ПМ-2011 Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение ж 5 «Федеральный институт промышленной собственности» (ФИПС) ОТЧЕТ О ПОИСКЕ 1. . ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАЯВКИ Регистрационный номер Дата подачи 2017134099/28(060213) 14.04.2016 РСТД52016/027518 14.04.2016 Приоритет установлен по дате: [ ] подачи заявки [ ] поступления дополнительных материалов от к ранее поданной заявке № [ ] приоритета по первоначальной заявке № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи первоначальной заявки № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи ранее поданной заявки № [Х] подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) в государстве-участнике Парижской конвенции (31) Номер первой(ых) заявки(ок) (32) Дата подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) (33) Код страны 1. 14/700,879 30.04.2015 05 Название изобретения (полезной модели): [Х] - как заявлено; [ ] - уточненное (см. Примечания) КОГЕРЕНТНЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ЗВУКА ДЛЯ МОРСКОЙ СЕЙСМОРАЗВЕДКИ Заявитель: ЭППЛАЙД ФИЗИКАЛ САЙЕНСИЗ КОРП. 0$ 2. ЕДИНСТВО ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ [Х] соблюдено [ ] не соблюдено. Пояснения: см. Примечания 3. ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ: [Х] приняты во внимание все пункты (см. п см. Примечания [ ] приняты во внимание следующие пункты: р [ ] принята во внимание измененная формула изобретения (см. Примечания) 4. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ (ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ) (Указываются индексы МПК и индикатор текущей версии) СОТУ 1/02 (2006.01) 5. ОБЛАСТЬ ПОИСКА 5.1 Проверенный минимум документации РСТ (указывается индексами МПК) СОТУ 1/00-1/38, @01$ 15/00, 01$ 3/80 5.2 Другая проверенная документация в той мере, в какой она включена в поисковые подборки: 5.3 Электронные базы данных, использованные при поиске (название базы, и если, возможно, поисковые термины): Е-Габгагу, ЕАРАТГУ, Езрасепеё, Соозе, Сооз]е Раепкб, /]-Р]а{ Рас, КТРВТ5, РАТЕМТСОРЕ, Ра еагсЬ, КОРТО, ОЗРТО 6. ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ПРЕДМЕТУ ПОИСКА Кате- Наименование документа с указанием (где необходимо) ...

УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ ЗАРЯД СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИЙ

Полезная модель предназначена для возбуждения сейсмических волн и может быть использована в сейсморазведке, а также в геофизических исследованиях. Предложен универсальный заряд сейсмический, включающий цилиндрический корпус из пластика с замковыми элементами на торцах и установленной внутри цилиндрической шашкой из взрывчатого вещества с глухим отверстием, в котором установлен электродетонатор, соединенный проводом со станцией взрывного пункта, корпус выполнен составным из двух частей, соединенных резьбой, замковые элементы на торцах выполнены в виде байонетного соединения. Причем охватываемая часть может быть соединена с охватывающей, что позволяет соединять друг с другом необходимое количество корпусов и регулировать мощность сейсмической волны. Сверху и снизу соединенные между собой корпусы закрыты крышками, на которых также выполнены байонетные соединения, а на боковой поверхности одной или двух крышек выполнены распорные анкерные пластины, стремящиеся занять перпендикулярное оси крышки ...

Variable frequency resonant non-destructive borehole seismic source

The borehole seismic source is based on a mechanical resonator consisting of a mass 3,23 and a pair of springs 4,24, whose stiffness can be varied by varying their length. The springs are either gas springs 4 with constant pressure or super-linear mechanical springs 24. The resonance is excited mechanically at its natural frequency e.g. by means of an electromagnetic actuator 11,12,31,32. This natural frequency is varied in a controlled manner by varying the stiffness of the springs. The reaction mass excites the casing of the device via the springs. The casing is clamped 13,33 to the well sides 1,21, and produces a strong source of P- and S-waves. The resonator provides an energy reservoir and, when energised, acts in the manner of an impedance transformer, enabling much higher forces to be exerted on the well sides than the forces generated by the electromagnetic actuator. The spring stiffness can be varied continuously to produce a swept sinusoidal output. The source can generate very ...

Acoustic source with piezoelectric actutor array and stroke amplification for broad frequency range acoustic output

An acoustic energy source that amplifies the stroke of electrically reactive elements having a body with an elastomer filled first cavity, a highly incompressible fluid filling a second cavity, and bores intersecting the second cavity that extend radially outward from second cavity. Quill assemblies in the bores each include an electrically reactive element and a tip projecting radially into the second cavity. A dynamic yoke having a lower portion projecting into the second cavity, and a pressure disk projects into the first cavity. A diaphragm on the body and on a side of the dynamic yoke opposite its lower portion. A fluid forms a film between the dynamic yoke, static yoke and quill tips. Applying alternating electricity reciprocates the tips into and out of the second cavity; reciprocates the dynamic yoke and diaphragm to generate the acoustic energy.

Electromagnetic linear actuators for marine acoustic vibratory sources

Sonic through tubing cement evaluation

An acoustic logging tool may comprise a center load carrying pipe, a receiver module connected to the center load carrying pipe, one or more transmitter modules connected to the center load carrying pipe, and one or more mass modules connected to the center load carrying pipe.

Low frequency marine acoustic vibrator

Embodiments relate to marine acoustic vibrators that incorporate one or more piston plates that act on the surrounding water to produce acoustic energy. An example marine acoustic vibratory may comprise: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; and a driver coupled to the piston plate and the fixture and configured to move the piston plate back and forth. 20 90 85 35 100 80 105 25 100 35 30 15 20 40 40-LZ /,-- -- T- - 40 55 90 35 100 25 100 15 35 20 ...

Air-spring compensation in a piston-type marine vibrator

PGS-13-30US-12 Embodiments relate to the restriction of gas flow in a piston-type marine vibrator to compensate for air-spring effects. An embodiment provides marine vibrator comprising: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and to the fixture; a driver coupled to the piston plate and to the fixture; and a variable gas flow restrictor disposed in an interior volume of the marine vibrator, wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the variable gas flow restrictor. U-) 00C> U" U'0 00- ...

Method for calibrating the far-field acoustic output of a marine vibrator

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control.

Control system for marine vibrators

PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR AND LOW FREQUENCY UNDERWATER PROJECTOR

Provided are a piezoelectric actuator (100) and a low frequency underwater projector (200), comprising a first level connector (110), a second level connector (120) disposed opposite to the first level connector (110), a set of first piezoelectric material columns (130), a set of second piezoelectric material columns (140), and a set of third piezoelectric material columns (150). The set of first piezoelectric material columns (130) is connected between the first level connector (110) and the second level connector (120). With excitation at an appropriate voltage, the net extending or contraction displacement of the piezoelectric actuator (100) is almost equal to the sum of the displacements of the set of first piezoelectric material columns (130), the set of second piezoelectric material columns (140), and the set of third piezoelectric material columns (150). The axial displacements of the piezoelectric materials can be superimposed and increased, thus the sound power capacity of the ...

MARINE SEISMIC EXPLORATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE AND P-WAVE ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS

Measurements of impedance are made using a piezoelectric transducer oriented at different angles to a formation bedding plane. The impedance measurements are then used to estimate the anisotropic velocity of the formation.

Systems, methods, and apparatus to drive reactive loads

Systems, methods, and apparatus to drive reactive loads are disclosed. An example apparatus to drive a reactive load includes a reactive component in circuit with the reactive load, a first switching element in circuit with the reactive load to selectively hold the reactive load in a first energy state and to selectively allow the reactive load to change from the first energy state to a second energy state, a second switching element in circuit with the reactive load to selectively hold the reactive load in the second energy state and to selectively allow the reactive load to change from the second energy state to the first energy state, and a controller to detect a current in the reactive load, and to control the first and second switching elements to hold the reactive load in the first or the second energy state when the current traverses a threshold.

Multilevel rapid warning system for landslide detection

A hierarchical early-warning system for landslide probability issues a first level warning based on measured rainfall amounts exceeding a determined threshold, a second level warning, after the first level warning, based additionally on measured soil moisture content measured at different levels, and Factor of safety derived from forecasted pore pressure (FPP) each exceeding a determined threshold, a third level warning, after the first and the second level warnings, based additionally on ground movement measurements compared to a determined threshold, and a fourth level warning after the first, second and third level warnings, based additionally on data from movement-based sensors including strain gauge data.

Скважинный источник электрогидравлического разряда с узлами электромеханического контактора-разрядника, высоковольтного электрода и механизмом подачи калиброванного проводника

Группа изобретений относится к скважинным геофизическим приборам, содержащим источник генерирования упругих и электромагнитных импульсов в гидросфере скважины, и предназначено для интенсификации добычи полезных ископаемых. Предложен скважинный источник электрогидравлического разряда (ЭР), содержащий корпус прибора, в котором расположены блок управления, блок питания, высокочастотный генератор, умножитель высоковольтного напряжения, накопитель электрической энергии, и расположенные в отдельных корпусах, состыкованных между собой, электромеханический контактор-разрядник и механизм подачи проводника в межэлектродное пространство излучателя ЭР, содержащего высоковольтный и низковольтный электроды. При этом в электромеханическом контакторе-разряднике установлены два неподвижных электроконтакта и замыкающий их выдвижной контакт, а высоковольтный электрод выполнен цельной деталью из сплава тугоплавких металлов и помещен внутри корпуса, выполненного из высокопрочного изоляционного материала. Механизм ...

Variable frequency non-destructive borehole seismic source

Variable frequency non-destructive borehole seismic source

Acoustic source with piezoelectric actutor array and stroke amplification for broad frequency range acoustic output

Variable mass load marine vibrator

A fluid pressure waveform generator and methods of its use

Apparatus and method for determining formation anisotropy

A method of generating an axial shear wave in a formation surrounding a wellbore comprising urging a clamp pad into contact with a wall of the wellbore, and applying an axial force to the clamp pad to impart a shear force into the wall of the wellbore to generate a shear wave in the formation.

Control system for marine vibrators and seismic acquisition system using such control system

Control system for marine vibrators to reduce friction effects

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, a control unit provides first input signals to the marine vibrator which include an excitation signal and a high-amplitude, low-frequency signal, the latter is operable to decrease friction effects in the marine vibrator. Furthermore local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator. The control unit is further configured to generate initial values for a transfer function of the marine vibrator based on the measured acoustic output.

Tunable acoustic transmitter for downhole use

The resonant frequency of an example transducer can be adjusted by changing the effective mass of a backing mass using a tuning module. The tuning module includes a electrical source, a switch, and an electromagnetic coil connected in series as an electrical circuit. The electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, and is disposed within a reservoir of a magneto-rheological fluid enclosed within a casing. When the switch is closed, the electrical source applies a voltage and current to the electromagnetic coil, and induces a localized magnetic field within the magneto-rheological fluid. In response to this localized magnetic field, the magneto-rheological fluid increases in viscosity, assumes properties comparable to a viscoelastic solid, and become affixed to the electromagnetic coil. As the electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, the solidified magneto-rheological fluid increases the effective mass of the backing mass. As a result, the ...

Asymmetric bender bar transducer

Apparatus and techniques are described, such as for obtaining information indicative of an acoustic characteristic of a formation, including using a transducer assembly, comprising a base plate, a first piezoelectric slab and a second piezoelectric slab. The base plate includes a first region extending axially in a first direction beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs along a specified axis of the base plate and a second region extending axially in a second direction, opposite the first direction, beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs. In various examples, a length of the first region along the specified axis is different than a length of the second region to provide an asymmetric configuration. In various examples, an anchoring element is mechanically coupled to the base plate at a location corresponding to a node location of a specified acoustic vibration mode.

Tunable resonance in a resonating gas seismic source

A system may include a conduit coupled between a marine seismic source and a gas reservoir external to the seismic source. The conduit may have at least one adjustable dimension for changing a resonance frequency of the system. The system may be utilized in a method of marine seismic surveying.

Volumetric piezoelectric seismic wave source and related methods

Seismic wave sources and related methods are provided. A seismic wave source includes a housing, plural pillars and an excitation system. The housing is split in two halves along a plane including a longitudinal axis of the housing. The 5 plural pillars are made of piezoelectric elements and are positioned inside the housing to have one end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of one half of the housing and another end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of the other half of the housing. The excitation system connected by wires to the plural pillars and is configured to provide electrical signals to the piezoelectric elements. 10 Upon receiving the electrical signals from the excitation system, the pillars generate forces on the housing thereby generating seismic waves. Figure 2 ...

MULTI-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC INTERROGATION FOR AZIMUTHAL ORIENTATION OF DOWNHOLE TOOLS

An apparatus for detecting a location of an optical fiber having an acoustic sensor disposed subsurface to the earth includes an acoustic emitter configured to emit a first signal having a first frequency and a second signal having a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, the first and second emitted acoustic signals being azimuthally rotated around the borehole and an optical interrogator configured to interrogate the optical fiber to receive an acoustic measurement that provides a corresponding first received signal and a corresponding second received signal. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to (i) frequency-multiply the first received signal to provide a third signal having a third frequency within a selected range of the second frequency, (ii) estimate a phase difference between the second received signal and the third signal, and (iii) correlate the phase difference to the location of the optical fiber.

SEISMIC SOURCE WHICH INCORPORATES EARTH COUPLING AS PART OF THE TRANSMITTER RESONANCE

An acoustic energy source for imparting acoustic energy into the Earth's subsurface includes an electrically driven transducer coupled to a source of swept frequency alternating current. A tunable Helmholtz resonator is disposed proximate the transducer. In one example, the resonator has a tuning device configured to maintain a resonant frequency substantially equal to an instantaneous frequency of the alternating current. The tuning device includes an actuator coupled to a sleeve, wherein the sleeve is disposed over selected numbers of openings in a wall of a tube on the resonator. The transducer and the resonator are disposed in a wellbore drilled through rock formations. The wellbore has a plurality of layers of fluid therein, each layer thereof having a different density and/or viscosity.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MARINE SEISMIC SURVEYING

Encapsulated phased array segment for downhole applications

Systems, devices, and methods for estimating a value of a parameter of interest of an earth formation intersected by a borehole. Methods include conveying a carrier in the borehole having disposed thereon an acoustic imaging tool including at least one convex linear phased array module, each of the at least one module comprising a rigid shell forming a compartment containing a piezoelectric component array; using the acoustic imaging tool to take acoustic measurements of the borehole; and using the acoustic measurements to estimate at least one parameter of interest. Each module may be self-contained. The tool may include a plurality of modules circumferentially arrayed about a portion of the acoustic tool. Methods include individually removing one selected module from the acoustic tool. Methods may include selecting an outer tool diameter the same as an inner borehole diameter borehole and selecting a maximum number of modules fitting the outer tool diameter.

Air-spring compensation in a piston-type marine vibrator

PGS-13-30US-12 Embodiments relate to the restriction of gas flow in a piston-type marine vibrator to compensate for air-spring effects. An embodiment provides marine vibrator comprising: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and to the fixture; a driver coupled to the piston plate and to the fixture; and a variable gas flow restrictor disposed in an interior volume of the marine vibrator, wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the variable gas flow restrictor. U-) 00C> U" U'0 00-

Piezoelectric actuator and low frequency underwater projector

Provided are a piezoelectric actuator (100) and a low frequency underwater projector (200), comprising a first level connector (110), a second level connector (120) disposed opposite to the first level connector (110), a set of first piezoelectric material columns (130), a set of second piezoelectric material columns (140), and a set of third piezoelectric material columns (150). The set of first piezoelectric material columns (130) is connected between the first level connector (110) and the second level connector (120). With excitation at an appropriate voltage, the net extending or contraction displacement of the piezoelectric actuator (100) is almost equal to the sum of the displacements of the set of first piezoelectric material columns (130), the set of second piezoelectric material columns (140), and the set of third piezoelectric material columns (150). The axial displacements of the piezoelectric materials can be superimposed and increased, thus the sound power capacity of the ...

Piezoelectric actuator and low frequency underwater projector

Provided are a piezoelectric actuator (100) and a low frequency underwater projector (200), comprising a first level connector (110), a second level connector (120) disposed opposite to the first level connector (110), a set of first piezoelectric material columns (130), a set of second piezoelectric material columns (140), and a set of third piezoelectric material columns (150). The set of first piezoelectric material columns (130) is connected between the first level connector (110) and the second level connector (120). With excitation at an appropriate voltage, the net extending or contraction displacement of the piezoelectric actuator (100) is almost equal to the sum of the displacements of the set of first piezoelectric material columns (130), the set of second piezoelectric material columns (140), and the set of third piezoelectric material columns (150). The axial displacements of the piezoelectric materials can be superimposed and increased, thus the sound power capacity of the ...

A FLUID PRESSURE WAVEFORM GENERATOR AND METHODS OF ITS USE

An acoustic dipole waveform generator (20, 20', 20", 20"') comprises a hollow housing (19) defining an elongate axis (21) of the acoustic waveform generator and having secured therein at least a first force reaction member (22) defining at least a first force reaction surface (23) and having hingingly secured thereto a first actuator element (24, 26). The piezoelectric actuator elements define mutually non-aligned length change axes (32, 33) and extend from the said first force reaction member (22) towards at least one moveable piston member (34) that is hingingly secured to at least one said actuator element (24, 26) inside the hollow housing (19). The piston member (34) is constrained by one or more constraint members (38, 39) to move in a direction extending perpendicular to the elongate axis (21) of the acoustic waveform generator (20, 20', 20", 20"'), the piston member (34) defining respectively at mutually spaced locations in the housing a pair of piston heads (36, 37) that, on movement ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEISMIC SURVEYING USING DISTRIBUTED SOURCES

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

Systems, Methods, and Apparatus to Drive Reactive Loads

Systems, methods, and apparatus to drive reactive loads are disclosed. An example apparatus to drive a reactive load includes a reactive component in circuit with the reactive load, a first switching element in circuit with the reactive load to selectively hold the reactive load in a first energy state and to selectively allow the reactive load to change from the first energy state to a second energy state, a second switching element in circuit with the reactive load to selectively hold the reactive load in the second energy state and to selectively allow the reactive load to change from the second energy state to the first energy state, and a controller to detect a current in the reactive load, and to control the first and second switching elements to hold the reactive load in the first or the second energy state when the current traverses a threshold.

КОГЕРЕНТНЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ЗВУКА ДЛЯ МОРСКОЙ СЕЙСМОРАЗВЕДКИ

Предусмотрен когерентный источник звука для морской сейсморазведки. Иллюстративный подводный звукоизлучатель содержит множество поршней, приводимых в действие генератором электромагнитной силы, имеющим компоненты, содержащие статор, якоря, электрические катушки и постоянные магниты. Поршни и компоненты предназначены для создания механической и магнитной симметрии относительно геометрического центра излучателя для уменьшения реактивных нагрузок, возникающих, когда поршни приводятся в действие. Статор и якоря имеют магнитные полюсы, которые используют конусообразную геометрию. Излучатель, в необязательном порядке, включает в себя системы управления для повышения точности генератора силы, обеспечения компенсации давления для поршней, точной регулировки статического положения поршней и/или изменения глубины и крена, когда излучатель сконфигурирован как буксируемое тело. Множество таких излучателей может быть сконфигурировано в виде массива. Кабель-трос может соединять излучатели с судном, передавать электрическую мощность и сжатый газ на каждый элемент массива и/или обеспечивать среду передачи данных между излучателем и судном. 2 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 11 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 702 421 C2 (51) МПК G01V 1/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК G01V 1/02 (2019.05) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017134099, 14.04.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 08.10.2019 30.04.2015 US 14/700,879 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 03.04.2019 Бюл. № 10 (45) Опубликовано: 08.10.2019 Бюл. № 28 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 03.10.2017 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2014028293 A1, 20.02.2014. US 5062089 A1, 29.10.1991. WO 2013028967 A3, 28.02.2013. US 5949544 A1, 07.09.1999. SU 1739773 A1, 15.08.1994. RU 2589943 C2, 10.07.2016. 2 7 0 2 4 2 1 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭППЛАЙД ФИЗИКАЛ САЙЕНСИЗ КОРП. (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) ...

Acoustic logging apparatuses and methods

A downhole ultrasonic transducer, downhole probe and tool comprising such a transducer

Long-term in-situ observing device and method for deep sea bottom-supported engineering geological environment

PD190561CNA Long-term in-situ observing device and method for deep sea bottom-supported engineering geological environment A long-term in-situ observation device for the deep sea bottom supported engineering geological environment is provided, including: a sediment acoustic probe, a sediment pore water pressure probe, a three-dimensional resistivity probe, a water observation instrument, a long-term observation power supply system, a probe hydraulic penetration system, a general control and data storage transmission system, an acoustic releaser, an underwater acoustic communication apparatus, and an instrument platform. The observations include the engineering properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, and biochemical properties of a seawater-seabed interface-sediment. The engineering properties and the physical and mechanical indexes of seafloor sediments are comprehensively determined by three-dimensional measurement of seafloor resistivity and acoustic wave measurements.

Electromagnetic linear actuators for marine acoustic vibratory sources

Disclosed are electromagnetic linear actuators used in acoustic vibratory sources for marine seismic surveying. An embodiment discloses a linear actuator for acoustic sources, comprising: magnetic circuitry comprising a gap; and a coil assembly comprising: a drive coil, wherein at least a first portion of the drive coil is configured to be moved in a linear path in the gap; a pair of ferromagnetic coil guides positioned on either side of the linear path; a First ferromagnetic extension extending laterally from the first portion of the drive coil; and a transmission element coupled to a top side of the first portion of the drive coil. Embodiments also disclose acoustic vibratory sources, marine seismic survey systems, and methods of marine seismic surveying. 55 62! 62 55 5 0 - 5220 77 4 4 2 75 5 2 -25 52 -F52 2 62, 62 5 L, -52 70) 80 -,72 75 75 ...

TUNABLE ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTER FOR DOWNHOLE USE

The resonant frequency of an example transducer can be adjusted by changing the effective mass of a backing mass using a tuning module. The tuning module includes a electrical source, a switch, and an electromagnetic coil connected in series as an electrical circuit. The electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, and is disposed within a reservoir of a magneto-rheological fluid enclosed within a casing. When the switch is closed, the electrical source applies a voltage and current to the electromagnetic coil, and induces a localized magnetic field within the magneto-rheological fluid. In response to this localized magnetic field, the magneto-rheological fluid increases in viscosity, assumes properties comparable to a viscoelastic solid, and become affixed to the electromagnetic coil. As the electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, the solidified magneto-rheological fluid increases the effective mass of the backing mass. As a result, the ...

DEVICES Of LINEAR ACTUATION ELECTROMAGNETIC FOR MARINE ACOUSTIC VIBRATORY SOURCES

L'invention se rapporte à des dispositifs d'actionnement linéaire électromagnétiques utilisés dans des sources vibratoires acoustiques pour la recherche sismique marine. Une forme de réalisation décrit un dispositif d'actionnement linéaire (15) pour des sources acoustiques, comportant : un circuit magnétique (60) comportant un entrefer (62) ; et un ensemble de bobine (50) comportant : une bobine d'entraînement (52), au moins une première partie de la bobine d'entraînement (52) étant configurée pour être déplacée dans un passage linéaire dans l'entrefer (62) ; une paire de guides de bobine ferromagnétiques positionnés de chaque côté du passage linéaire ; une première extension ferromagnétique s'étendant latéralement depuis la première partie de la bobine d'entraînement (52) ; et un élément de transmission (55) relié à un côté supérieur de la première partie de la bobine d'entraînement (52). Des formes de réalisation décrivent également des sources vibratoires acoustiques, des systèmes et ...

VOLUMETRIC PIEZOELECTRIC SEISMIC WAVE SOURCE AND RELATED METHODS

Des sources d'onde sismique et des procédés associés sont proposés. Une source d'onde sismique comprend un logement, plusieurs piliers et un système d'excitation. Le logement est divisé en deux moitiés le long d'un plan comprenant un axe longitudinal du logement. La pluralité de piliers sont constitués d'éléments piézoélectriques et sont positionnés à l'intérieur du logement pour avoir une extrémité en contact avec une partie centrale semi-cylindrique d'une moitié du logement et une autre extrémité en contact avec une partie centrale semi-cylindrique de l'autre moitié du logement. Le système d'excitation est connecté par des fils à la pluralité de piliers et est configuré pour fournir des signaux électriques aux éléments piézoélectriques. Lors de la réception des signaux électriques du système d'excitation, les piliers génèrent des forces sur le logement, ce qui génère des ondes sismiques. Seismic wave sources and associated methods are provided. A seismic wave source comprises a housing, a plurality of pillars and an excitation system. The housing is divided into two halves along a plane including a longitudinal axis of the housing. The plurality of pillars are made of piezoelectric elements and are positioned within the housing to have one end in contact with a semi-cylindrical central portion of one half of the housing and another end in contact with a semi-central portion. cylindrical of the other half of the housing. The excitation system is connected by wires to the plurality of pillars and is configured to provide electrical signals to the piezoelectric elements. Upon receipt of electrical signals from the excitation system, the pillars generate forces on the housing, which generates seismic waves.

ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER WITH IMPEDANCE MATCHING LAYER

A device includes a piezoelectric transducer. The transducer has N independent transducer regions. N is an integer. Each of the N independent transducer regions has a thickness. Each of the N independent transducer regions has an acoustic impedance AIT. Each of the N independent transducer regions is independently excitable to oscillate in the thickness mode when electrically excited by a potential difference applied across the thickness. The device further includes a first impedance matching layer having an acoustic impedance All between AIT and a borehole fluid acoustic impedance AIBF. The first impedance matching layer is situated such that an acoustic signal emitted by the piezoelectric transducer will pass through the second impedance matching layer. The device further includes a second impedance matching layer having an acoustic impedance AI2 between All and AIBF.

Пневматический излучатель

FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: pneumatic emitter contains a high-pressure chamber communicated via a shut-off valve to a compressed air source. It is equipped with an inflatable elastic casing, and the compressed air source is made in the form of a free-piston compressor. In its working cylinder, there is a piston, inside which a permanent magnet is placed, and electromagnets are installed along the ends of the working cylinder, they are fed alternately from the source of electric current. Both the cavities of the working cylinder and the high-pressure chamber are filled with air. One of the cavities is sealed, and the other cavity is connected to the high-pressure chamber by means of a by-pass, and a check valve is installed in the latter. Herewith the high-pressure chamber is in turn connected with an inflatable elastic casing through the outlet pipe, on which a high-speed valve is mounted. Moreover, the check valve is open, and the high-speed valve is closed, when the piston moves in the extreme position near the high-pressure chamber. When this extreme position of the piston is reached, the check valve is closed and the high-speed valve is open and, when the piston moves in reverse, the shut-off and high-speed valves are open until the piston reaches the extreme opposite position, creating a gas spring in the sealed cavity. EFFECT: increasing the stability of the pneumatic radiator, reducing the negative impact of the generated hydroacoustic impact on living marine organisms. 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 632 988 C1 (51) МПК G01V 1/137 (2006.01) F15B 21/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016141435, 21.10.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 21.10.2016 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Маргулис Игорь Мильевич (RU) Дата регистрации: (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 3653460 A1, 04.04.1972. US Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 21 ...

КОГЕРЕНТНЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ЗВУКА ДЛЯ МОРСКОЙ СЕЙСМОРАЗВЕДКИ

Variable mass load marine vibrator

Tunable acoustic transmitter for downhole use

The resonant frequency of an example transducer can be adjusted by changing the effective mass of a backing mass using a tuning module. The tuning module includes a electrical source, a switch, and an electromagnetic coil connected in series as an electrical circuit. The electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, and is disposed within a reservoir of a magneto-rheological fluid enclosed within a casing. When the switch is closed, the electrical source applies a voltage and current to the electromagnetic coil, and induces a localized magnetic field within the magneto-rheological fluid. In response to this localized magnetic field, the magneto-rheological fluid increases in viscosity, assumes properties comparable to a viscoelastic solid, and become affixed to the electromagnetic coil. As the electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, the solidified magneto-rheological fluid increases the effective mass of the backing mass. As a result, the ...

IMMERSIBLE ULTRASONIC TRANSMITTER

An immersible ultrasonic transmitter consists of an end element of a first type (1), an end element of a second type (15) and at least one transmitting member (2). The end element of the first type (1) comprises a first cylindrical transmitter (3), a stack of piezoelectric elements (4), a second cylindrical transmitter (5) and a coupling element (6) with a threaded connection for coupling together the two cylindrical transmitters. The transmitting member (2) contains a stack of piezoelectric elements (7), a cylindrical transmitter (8) of a transmitting member, and an element (9) with a threaded connection for coupling together the cylindrical transmitter (8) of a transmitting member and the cylindrical transmitter (8) of an adjacent transmitting member, or the second cylindrical transmitter (5) of the end element of the first type. The end element of the second type (15) comprises a first cylindrical transmitter (3), a stack of piezoelectric elements (4) and a coupling element (6) with ...

VOLUMETRIC PIEZOELECTRIC SEISMIC WAVE SOURCE AND RELATED METHODS

Seismic wave sources and related methods are provided. A seismic wave source includes a housing, plural pillars and an excitation system. The housing is split in two halves along a plane including a longitudinal axis of the housing. The plural pillars are made of piezoelectric elements and are positioned inside the housing to have one end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of one half of the housing and another end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of the other half of the housing. The excitation system connected by wires to the plural pillars and is configured to provide electrical signals to the piezoelectric elements. Upon receiving the electrical signals from the excitation system, the pillars generate forces on the housing thereby generating seismic waves.

ACOUSTIC LOGGING APPARATUSES AND METHODS

A transmitter (30) for an acoustic logging tool (44) comprises: a) an elongate housing (31) defining a hollow interior and supporting an acoustic energy generator, the acoustic energy generator including b) four mutually orthogonally orientated bender bars (33, 34, 36, 37) that are electrically driveable to flex within the hollow interior in order to generate pressure-derived waves in a fluid surrounding the transmitter (30) in use, the housing (31) including c) one or more transmissive windows (42, 43) via which flexing of the bender bars (33, 34, 36, 37) gives rise to propagation of one or more said waves in a said fluid, the transmitter (30) further comprising d) a driver that electrically drives the bender bars (33, 34, 36, 37) to flex so as selectively to generate monopole, dipole or quadrupole waves in a said fluid, with the poles of the dipole and quadrupole when generated selectively being aligned with normals to pairs of the bender bars or rotated 45° relative thereto.

METHOD OF CONTROLLED PULSE DRIVING OF A STACKED PZT BENDER BAR FOR DIPOLE ACOUSTIC RADIATION

A bender bar is presented. The bender bar includes at least two pairs of piezoelectric elements arranged on an inert element to adjust the response frequency of the bender bar. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric elements can be stacked on the inert element. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric elements are symmetrically arranged with respect to the bender bar such that a gap is formed between piezoelectric elements arranged on the inert element.

Variable mass load marine vibrator

A marine vibrator 100 comprises a flextensional outer shell 102, a driver 108 having first and second ends; a spring 120 with masses 122 attached thereto and a mass load in the form of a container 104. The masses may be slidably supported on a fixture 110 using linear bearing 124. The mass load may be coupled to an exterior surface of the outer shell; wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the mass load. The vibrator may include a frame surrounding the outer shell wherein the container is coupled to the frame via one or more springs. The spring may be generally elliptically shaped.

Piston-type marine vibrators comprising a compliance chamber

Disclosed are embodiments of a marine vibrator and methods of using. Embodiments of the marine vibrator may comprise a containment housing; a piston plate, wherein an internal volume of the marine vibrator is at least partially defined by the containment housing and the piston plate, the internal volume containing a first gas at a first gas pressure; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; a driver coupled to the piston plate and the fixture, wherein the driver is configured to move the piston plate back and forth; and a compliance chamber in contact with the first gas, wherein the compliance chamber comprises a second gas at a second gas pressure. C)ut LO oOC ~ co-_ U") co C)t LO C)' ...

Piston-type marine vibrators comprising a compliance chamber

Disclosed are embodiments of a marine vibrator and methods of using. Embodiments of the marine vibrator may comprise a containment housing; a piston plate, wherein an internal volume of the marine vibrator is at least partially defined by the containment housing and the piston plate, the internal volume containing a first gas at a first gas pressure; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; a driver coupled to the piston plate and the fixture, wherein the driver is configured to move the piston plate back and forth; and a compliance chamber in contact with the first gas, wherein the compliance chamber comprises a second gas at a second gas pressure. C)ut LO oOC ~ co-_ U") co C)t LO C)' ...

System and method for seismic surveying using distributed sources

... [0033] Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed. 4 r1 14 10 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 10 -14a g10 10 r 12 r 12 4 1-12 16 (12 8 (12 r 12 (12 010 f 14b 10 10 ...

UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SOURCE AND ACTUATOR

An underwater acoustic source can include a first piston coupled to a second piston and a plurality of linear magnetic actuators directly connected to each of the first piston and the second piston. Each of the plurality of linear magnetic actuators include a linear shaft positioned within the cylindrical magnetic assembly and mounted to the first end of the rigid ferromagnetic housing and the second end of the rigid ferromagnetic housing, such that the linear shaft is stationary, and linear bearings positioned between the cylindrical magnet assembly and the linear shaft to allow the cylindrical magnet assembly to translate along the linear shaft relative to the cylindrical electrical coil, and wherein each of the plurality of linear magnetic actuators is activated, the first piston and the second piston oscillate towards and away from each other, causing acoustic waves to be generated in water.

ACOUSTIC LOGGING APPARATUSES AND METHODS

A transmitter (30) for an acoustic logging tool (44) comprises: a) an elongate housing (31) defining a hollow interior and supporting an acoustic energy generator, the acoustic energy generator including b) four mutually orthogonally orientated bender bars (33, 34, 36, 37) that are electrically driveable to flex within the hollow interior in order to generate pressure- derived waves in a fluid surrounding the transmitter (30) in use, the housing (31) including c) one or more transmissive windows (42, 43) via which flexing of the bender bars (33, 34, 36, 37) gives rise to propagation of one or more said waves in a said fluid, the transmitter (30) further comprising d) a driver that electrically drives the bender bars (33, 34, 36, 37) to flex so as selectively to generate monopole, dipole or quadrupole waves in a said fluid, with the poles of the dipole and quadrupole when generated selectively being aligned with normals to pairs of the bender bars or rotated 45° relative thereto.

Multi-measurement system and sensor for measuring underground water and surface water

VOLUMETRIC PIEZOELECTRIC SEISMIC WAVE SOURCE AND RELATED METHODS

Alarm device with non-directional vibration detection function and vibration analysis function, and handrail including the same

The present invention relates to a warning device with a non-directional vibration detection function and a vibration analysis function and a handrail including the same. Specifically, the warning device receives minute changes of physical kinetic energy in which the gravitational acceleration is reflected in three axes of X, Y, and Z or 360 degrees or the entire so-called three-dimensional direction in a digital signal through a high-sensitivity vibration detection sensor, and receives the minute changes in an analog signal through a piezoelectric ceramic sensor consisting of a vibration transfer medium and a piezoelectric element to automatically detect the magnitude and type of vibration to accurately identify a natural earthquake and an artificial earthquake based on the existence of a vibration detection signal by an impact or an earthquake, the period of the vibration detection signal, continuity, detection of occurrence time or the like, the frequency of the vibration detection signal, detection of the existence of fine dust, changes (values and data) of the vibration detection signal, and data processing results of calculation, comparison, temporary information storage, temporary memory information deletion, etc. of set threshold values, comparison reference values, and limit values, determine an earthquake attention stage, a caution warning (evacuation preparation) stage, and an evacuation warning stage in accordance with detection values and changes such as the magnitude, continued time, and frequency of the vibration, and provide warning or evacuation signals in legal standard signals, warning sounds, or light which can be acoustically or visually recognized by the public in accordance with the results. Therefore, various disasters which can be caused by earthquakes can be minimized.

câmaras de adequação para vibradores marítimos

ATUADORES LINEARES ELETROMAGNÉTICOS PARA FONTES DE VIBRAÇÃO ACÚSTICA MARINHA

ATUADORES LINEARES ELETROMAGNÉTICOS PARA FONTES DE VIBRAÇÃO ACÚSTICA MARINHA. A presente invenção refere-se a atuadores lineares eletromagnéticos usados em fontes de vibração acústica para pesquisa sísmica marinha. Uma modalidade divulga um atuador linear para fontes acústicas, sendo composto por: circuitos magnéticos compreendendo uma lacuna; e um conjunto de bobinas compreendendo: uma bobina de comando, na qual pelo menos uma primeira parte da bobina de comando está configurada para ser movida em um caminho linear na lacuna; um par de guias de bobinas ferromagnéticas, sendo posicionado em ambos os lados do caminho linear; uma primeira extensão ferromagnética se estendendo lateralmente a partir da primeira parte da bobina de comando; e um elemento de transmissão acoplado a um lado superior da primeira parte da bobina de comando. As modalidades também divulgam fontes de vibração acústica, sistemas de pesquisa sísmica marinha, e métodos de pesquisa sísmica marinha. ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR ACTUATORS FOR MARINE ACOUSTIC VIBRATION SOURCES. The present invention relates to electromagnetic linear actuators used in acoustic vibration sources for marine seismic survey. One embodiment discloses a linear actuator for acoustic sources, comprising: magnetic circuits comprising a gap; and a coil assembly comprising: a drive coil, wherein at least a first portion of the drive coil is configured to be moved in a linear path in the gap; a pair of ferromagnetic coil guides being positioned on either side of the linear path; a first ferromagnetic extension extending laterally from the first part of the drive coil; and a transmission element coupled to an upper side of the first control coil part. The modalities also disclose acoustic vibration sources, marine seismic survey systems, and marine seismic survey methods.

Resonating Gas Seismic Source

An apparatus includes a marine seismic source having a volume of gas and a gas reservoir, and the marine seismic source and the gas reservoir are coupled to permit a resonating gas flow to pass therebetween. The apparatus may be a component of a marine seismic survey system. The apparatus may be utilized in a method of marine seismic surveying. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a marine seismic source that includes a cavity configured to contain a volume of gas; anda gas reservoir;wherein the cavity and the gas reservoir are coupled to permit a resonating gas flow to pass therebetween.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the marine seismic source and the gas reservoir are coupled via a conduit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the marine seismic source includes an electromechanical device that is configured to resonate the volume of gas in response to an input of electric energy.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the electromechanical device includes a piezoelectric component.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the marine seismic source and the gas reservoir are coupled via a plurality of conduits claim 1 , and wherein the plurality of conduits are arranged in an array.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cavity is bounded by a pair of metal components claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the pair of metal components includes a piezoelectric component.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the marine seismic source is configured to operate based on parameters including a sound pressure level of 200 decibels (dB) relative to a reference pressure of 1 micropascal claim 1 , and at a frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the marine seismic source is configured to operate at a frequency of 3 Hz.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the marine seismic source further includes a hoop configured to maintain a separation between a pair of piezoelectric components that are included in the marine seismic source.10. The apparatus of ...

Electromagnetic linear actuators for marine acoustic vibratory sources

A linear actuator 15, for an acoustic vibratory source 10 comprises magnetic circuitry 60 comprising gaps 62, coil assemblies 50 which comprise drive coils 52 wherein the drive coils moves in a linear path in the gaps, a pair of ferromagnetic coil guides (75, fig 2) positioned on either side of the linear path, a ferromagnetic extension (70, fig 2) extending laterally from the drive coils and transmission elements 55 which are coupled to the drive coil. Embodiments may include a fixture 40 capable of suspending the linear actuator 15 within a flextensional shell 20. The drive coil 52 may be coupled to a suitable electrical controller to control the linear actuator. The linear actuator is suitable for use as part of an acoustic vibratory source in marine seismic surveying systems.

Acoustic logging apparatuses and methods

Electromagnetic linear actuators for marine acoustic vibratory sources

Modular projector for marine seismic source

An apparatus is disclosed which may include a plurality of marine seismic sources. According to some embodiments, these marine seismic sources may include a plurality of piezoelectric components. Such an apparatus may provide a useful sound pressure level for conducting marine seismic surveying. According to some embodiments, a conduit may be coupled between the plurality of marine seismic sources and a gas reservoir external to the plurality of marine seismic sources. The conduit may in some embodiments have at least one adjustable dimension for changing a frequency of the apparatus. The apparatus may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying.

Apparatus and method for determining formation anisotropy

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING FORMATION An apparatus comprising: an extendable member (409) controllably extendable from a housing (402) in a wellbore (126), the extendable member (409) urging a clamp pad (407) into engagement with a wall of the wellbore (126); and an axial force assembly to cooperatively act with the extendable member (409) and the clamp pad (407) to move the clamp pad (407) in an axial direction to impart an axial shear force into the formation.

Piston integrated variable mass load

Embodiments relate to relate to marine vibrators that incorporate one or more piston plates that act on the surrounding water to produce acoustic energy. An example marine vibrator may comprise: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; a driver disposed in the marine vibrator, wherein the driver is coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; and a container coupled to the piston plate, wherein the container is configured to hold a variable mass load; wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the variable mass load. LO U) C>)C q- LO --d LL)o U)= ...

Piston-type marine vibrators comprising a compliance chamber

Disclosed are embodiments of a marine vibrator and methods of using. Embodiments of the marine vibrator may comprise a containment housing; a piston plate, wherein an internal volume of the marine vibrator is at least partially defined by the containment housing and the piston plate, the internal volume containing a first gas at a first gas pressure; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; a driver coupled to the piston plate and the fixture, wherein the driver is configured to move the piston plate back and forth; and a compliance chamber in contact with the first gas, wherein the compliance chamber comprises a second gas at a second gas pressure. co r-_- U") o to C)t LO C)' ...

Variable mass load marine vibrator

Embodiments related to addition of a variable mass load to the shell of a marine vibrator to compensate for air spring effects. An embodiment provides a marine vibrator, comprising: an outer shell; a driver disposed at least partially within the outer shell and coupled thereto; and a mass load coupled to an exterior surface of the outer shell; wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the mass load. <3/1 ccc 0o ...

MULTI-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC INTERROGATION FOR AZIMUTHAL ORIENTATION OF DOWNHOLE TOOLS

An apparatus for detecting a location of an optical fiber having an acoustic sensor disposed subsurface to the earth includes an acoustic emitter configured to emit a first signal having a first frequency and a second signal having a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, the first and second emitted acoustic signals being azimuthally rotated around the borehole and an optical interrogator configured to interrogate the optical fiber to receive an acoustic measurement that provides a corresponding first received signal and a corresponding second received signal. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to (i) frequency-multiply the first received signal to provide a third signal having a third frequency within a selected range of the second frequency, (ii) estimate a phase difference between the second received signal and the third signal, and (iii) correlate the phase difference to the location of the optical fiber.

COHERENT SOUND SOURCE FOR MARINE SEISMIC SURVEYS

A coherent sound source is provided for marine seismic surveys. An exemplary underwater sound projector comprises a plurality of pistons actuated by an electromagnetic force generator having components comprising a stator, armatures, electrical coils, and permanent magnets. The pistons and the components are arranged to create mechanical and magnetic symmetry about a geometric center of the projector to reduce reaction loads that occur when the pistons are actuated. The stator and the armatures have magnetic poles that employ a tapered geometry. The projector optionally includes control systems to improve the fidelity of the force generator, provide pressure compensation to the pistons, finely adjust the static position of the pistons, and/or change the depth and roll when the projector is configured as a tow body. A plurality of such projectors can be configured in an array. An umbilical can connect the projectors to a vessel, transmit electrical power and compressed gas to each array ...

TUNABLE ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTER FOR DOWNHOLE USE

The resonant frequency of an example transducer can be adjusted by changing the effective mass of a backing mass using a tuning module. The tuning module includes a electrical source, a switch, and an electromagnetic coil connected in series as an electrical circuit. The electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, and is disposed within a reservoir of a magneto-rheological fluid enclosed within a casing. When the switch is closed, the electrical source applies a voltage and current to the electromagnetic coil, and induces a localized magnetic field within the magneto-rheological fluid. In response to this localized magnetic field, the magneto-rheological fluid increases in viscosity, assumes properties comparable to a viscoelastic solid, and become affixed to the electromagnetic coil. As the electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, the solidified magneto-rheological fluid increases the effective mass of the backing mass. As a result, the resonant frequency of the transducer is altered.

ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR ACTUATING DEVICES FOR MARINE ACOUSTIC VIBRATORY SOURCES

VOLUMETRIC PIEZOELECTRIC SEISMIC WAVE SOURCE AND RELATED METHODS

Seismic wave sources and related methods are provided. A seismic wave source includes a housing, plural pillars and an excitation system. The housing is split in two halves along a plane including a longitudinal axis of the housing. The plural pillars are made of piezoelectric elements and are positioned inside the housing to have one end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of one half of the housing and another end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of the other half of the housing. The excitation system connected by wires to the plural pillars and is configured to provide electrical signals to the piezoelectric elements. Upon receiving the electrical signals from the excitation system, the pillars generate forces on the housing thereby generating seismic waves. 1. A seismic wave source for generating seismic waves , comprising:a housing split in two halves along a plane including a longitudinal axis of the housing;plural pillars made of piezoelectric elements and positioned inside the housing to have one end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of one of the two halves of the housing and another end in contact with a semi-cylindrical middle portion of the other one of the two halves of the housing; andan excitation system connected by wires to the plural pillars and configured to provide electrical signals to the piezoelectric elements,wherein upon receiving the electrical signals from the excitation system, the pillars generate forces on the housing thereby generating the seismic waves.2. The source of claim 1 , wherein each of the pillars is made of a sequence of piezoelectric elements and electrodes.3. The source of claim 2 , wherein the piezoelectric elements have substantially the same shape.4. The source of claim 3 , wherein the shape of the piezoelectric elements is one of a disk claim 3 , a ring or a rectangle.5. The source of claim 1 , wherein a volume inside the housing is filled with polyurethane.6. The source ...

System and Method for Seismic Surveying Using Distributed Sources

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

TWO-AXIS SENSING ELEMENT

Apparatus and techniques are disclosed relating to a two-axis sensing element. In various embodiments, a two-axis sensing element includes a mounting plate that includes a first pair of mounting slots oriented in a first direction and a second pair of mounting slots oriented in a second, different direction. Further, in various embodiments, the two-axis sensing element may include a first pair of bender elements and a second pair of bender elements. The first pair of bender elements may be mounted through the first pair of mounting slots such that the first pair of bender elements is oriented in the first direction and the second pair of bender elements may be mounted through the second pair of mounting slots such that the second pair of bender elements is oriented in the second, different direction. In various embodiments, the mounting plate may transect each of the bender elements into two cantilever portions. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a mounting plate that includes a first pair of mounting slots oriented in a first direction and a second pair of mounting slots oriented in a second, different direction;a first pair of bender elements mounted through the first pair of mounting slots such that the first pair of bender elements is oriented in the first direction; anda second pair of bender elements mounted through the second pair of mounting slots such that the second pair of bender elements is oriented in the second, different direction;wherein the mounting plate transects each of the bender elements into two cantilever portions.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the bender elements includes:a substrate element; anda first piezoelectric element attached to a first side of the substrate element.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein each of the bender elements further includes a second piezoelectric element attached to a second claim 2 , opposite side of the substrate element.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein a negative electrode of the first ...

Through tubing acoustic measurements

A method comprising: determining a polar differential signal for each of one or more pairs of azimuthally offset acoustic measurements 230 within a wellbore 208; identifying a reference azimuth based, at least in part, on comparing the polar differential signals to a modelled bonding 252 differential signal within a target response window; determining differences between an acoustic measurement at the reference azimuth and acoustic measurements at one or more other azimuths; and determining a wellbore material 209 condition based, at least in part, on the determined differences. A system and a computer readable medium for determining a polar differential signal are also claimed. The difference may be calculated using a root mean square technique.

Method for calibrating the far-field acoustic output of a marine vibrator

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control.

Apparatus and method for determining formation anisotropy

A method of generating an axial shear wave in a formation surrounding a wellbore comprising urging a clamp pad into contact with a wall of the wellbore, and applying an axial force to the clamp pad to impart a shear force into the wall of the wellbore to generate a shear wave in the formation.

Control system for marine vibrators to reduce friction effects

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, a control unit provides first input signals to the marine vibrator which include an excitation signal and a high-amplitude, low-frequency signal, the latter is operable to decrease friction effects in the marine vibrator. Furthermore local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator. The control unit is further configured to generate initial values for a transfer function of the marine vibrator based on the measured acoustic output.

SEISMIC SOURCE WHICH INCORPORATES EARTH COUPLING AS PART OF THE TRANSMITTER RESONANCE

An acoustic energy source for imparting acoustic energy into the Earth's subsurface includes an electrically driven transducer coupled to a source of swept frequency alternating current. A tunable Helmholtz resonator is disposed proximate the transducer. In one example, the resonator has a tuning device configured to maintain a resonant frequency substantially equal to an instantaneous frequency of the alternating current. The tuning device includes an actuator coupled to a sleeve, wherein the sleeve is disposed over selected numbers of openings in a wall of a tube on the resonator. The transducer and the resonator are disposed in a wellbore drilled through rock formations. The wellbore has a plurality of layers of fluid therein, each layer thereof having a different density and/or viscosity.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEISMIC SURVEYING USING DISTRIBUTED SOURCES

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE AND P-WAVE ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS

Measurements of impedance are made using a piezoelectric transducer oriented at different angles to a formation bedding plane. The impedance measurements are then used to estimate the anisotropic velocity of the formation.

Methods and systems for monitoring a subsurface formation with a land active streamer

The present disclosure includes a method for monitoring a subsurface formation including disposing an antenna in a horizontal wellbore, the antenna including a plurality of piezoelectric modules. A voltage signal is applied to at least one of the piezoelectric modules to cause the at least one piezoelectric modules to emit seismic energy into the subsurface formation. A resulting signal is received at a receiver. A property of the subsurface formation is determined based, at least in part, on the resulting signal.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACOUSTIC IMAGING USING A TRANSDUCER ARRAY

An apparatus for acoustic imaging includes an array with a number of acoustic transducers. Each acoustic transducer transmits and receives acoustic signals. The apparatus also includes a control unit that is coupled to the array and selectively powers a number of acoustic transducers based upon standoff distance between the array and an object-of-interest (e.g., a borehole wall). In some embodiments, the control unit also varies the frequency of acoustic signals transmitted from the array using the standoff distance between the array and the object-of-interest.

Method and apparatus for acoustic impedance and p-wave anisotropy measurements

Measurements of impedance are made using a piezoelectric transducer oriented at different angles to a formation bedding plane. The impedance measurements are then used to estimate the anisotropic velocity of the formation.

Variable mass load marine vibrator

Variable mass load marine vibrator

A marine vibrator 100 comprising a variable mass load 104 which can compensate for air spring effects such as an increase in resonance frequency by shifting the resonance frequency to a lower value. An embodiment provides a marine vibrator 100, comprising: an outer shell 102; a driver 108 disposed at least partially within the outer shell 102 and coupled thereto; and a mass load 104 coupled to an exterior surface of the outer shell; wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the mass load. The mass load may be in the form of a container, which may have holes or other openings formed therein, which allows water to enter the container in use, therefore increasing the containers mass, therefore providing a variable mass load which may optimise resonance frequency based on depth. Springs may be disposed about the driver (120, figure 6) and masses (124, figure 6) may be affixed to the springs. The marine vibrator may be disposed within a frame ...

A fluid pressure waveform generator and methods of its use

Coherent sound source for marine seismic surveys

A coherent sound source is provided for marine seismic surveys. An exemplary underwater sound projector comprises a plurality of pistons actuated by an electromagnetic force generator having components comprising a stator, armatures, electrical coils, and permanent magnets. The pistons and the components are arranged to create mechanical and magnetic symmetry about a geometric center of the projector to reduce reaction loads that occur when the pistons are actuated. The stator and the armatures have magnetic poles that employ a tapered geometry. The projector optionally includes control systems to improve the fidelity of the force generator, provide pressure compensation to the pistons, finely adjust the static position of the pistons, and/or change the depth and roll when the projector is configured as a tow body. A plurality of such projectors can be configured in an array. An umbilical can connect the projectors to a vessel, transmit electrical power and compressed gas to each array ...

Low frequency marine acoustic vibrator

Embodiments relate to marine acoustic vibrators that incorporate one or more piston plates that act on the surrounding water to produce acoustic energy. An example marine acoustic vibratory may comprise: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; and a driver coupled to the piston plate and the fixture and configured to move the piston plate back and forth.

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED DEPTH PENETRATION OF AN ENERGY SOURCE

The method for enhanced depth penetration of energy into a formation may include mechanically stimulating the formation at a first frequency to induce mechanical stress in the formation and directing electromagnetic radiation towards the formation while mechanically stimulating the formation.

Method of Controlled Pulse Driving of a Stacked PZT Bender Bar for Dipole Acoustic Radiation

A bender bar is presented. The bender bar includes at least two pairs of piezoelectric elements arranged on an inert element to adjust the response frequency of the bender bar. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric elements can be stacked on the inert element. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric elements are symmetrically arranged with respect to the bender bar such that a gap is formed between piezoelectric elements arranged on the inert element. 1. A bender bar , comprising:an inert element; andat least two pairs of piezoelectric elements coupled to the inert element.2. The bender bar of claim 1 , wherein the at least two pairs of piezoelectric elements are arranged in a symmetrical fashion with respect to the inert element.3. The bender bar of claim 1 , wherein the inert element is a bar having a length claim 1 , a width claim 1 , and a thickness claim 1 , the bar having a first side and a second side.4. The bender bar of claim 3 , wherein the at least two pairs of piezoelectric elements includes:a first pair of piezoelectric elements, each of the first pair of piezoelectric elements being a bar of width less than or equal to the width of the bar and a length less than or equal to the length of the bar, one of the piezoelectric elements of the first pair being bonded to the first side and one of the piezoelectric elements of the first pair being bonded to the second side; anda second pair of piezoelectric elements, each of the second pair of piezoelectric elements being a bar of width less than or equal to the width of the piezoelectric elements of the first pair and length less than the length of the piezoelectric elements of the first pair of piezoelectric, each of the piezoelectric elements of the second pair being bonded to one of the piezoelectric elements of the first pair.5. The bender bar of claim 4 , wherein the first pair and the second pair are symmetrically arranged with respect to the inert element.6. The bender bar of claim 4 , further including ...

ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER WITH SUPPRESSED LATERAL MODE

An ultrasonic transducer may comprise a transducer body including a first face and a second face disposed on opposite sides of the transducer body, wherein the transducer body comprises a piezoelectric material; a first transducer edge disposed on the transducer body; and a second transducer edge disposed on the transducer body, wherein the first edge is disposed on the transducer body substantially opposite from the second edge, and wherein the first and second transducer edges intersect a perimeter of the transducer body, and wherein the first and second edge forms an angle no less than 3 degrees. 1. An ultrasonic transducer , comprising:a transducer body comprising a first face and a second face disposed on an opposite side of the transducer body from the first face, wherein the transducer body comprises a piezoelectric material;a first transducer edge disposed on the transducer body; anda second transducer edge disposed on the transducer body, wherein the first edge is disposed on the transducer body substantially opposite from the second edge, and wherein the first and second transducer edges intersect a perimeter of the transducer body, and wherein the first and second edge forms an angle no less than 3 degrees.2. The ultrasonic transducer of claim 1 , further comprising a third transducer edge disposed on the transducer body opposite at least a portion of the transducer body perimeter claim 1 , wherein the third transducer edge intersects a perimeter of the transducer body.3. The ultrasonic transducer of claim 1 , further comprising a third transducer edge disposed on the transducer body and a fourth transducer edge disposed on the transducer body claim 1 , wherein the third transducer edge and the fourth transducer edge are separated by an angle no less than 3 degrees.4. The ultrasonic transducer of claim 1 , wherein the transducer body comprises Lead Zirconate Titanate.5. The ultrasonic transducer of claim 1 , wherein the transducer body comprises a ...

QUADRUPLE TRANSMITTER AND METHODS TO DETERMINE WAVE VELOCITIES OF A DOWNHOLE FORMATION

The disclosed embodiments include quadrupole transmitters and methods to determine wave velocities of a downhole formation. In some embodiments, the quadrupole transmitter has a first piezoelectric ring and a second piezoelectric ring that alternatively contracts and expands in opposite radial directions relative to the first piezoelectric ring in response to being simultaneously excited with the first piezoelectric ring. The quadrupole transmitter also includes a covering sleeve surrounding exterior surfaces of the two piezoelectric rings. The quadrupole transmitter further includes a windowed sleeve surrounding the two piezoelectric rings and having a first portion and a second portion adjacent to the first portion. The first portion and the second portion are formed from multiple window sections and adjacent covered sections that are positioned around different sections of the piezoelectric rings to allow transmission of quadrupole acoustic signals when the piezoelectric rings are simultaneously excited. 1. A quadrupole transmitter , comprising:a first piezoelectric ring;a second piezoelectric ring that alternatively contracts and expands in opposite radial directions relative to the first piezoelectric ring in response to being simultaneously excited with the first piezoelectric ring;a covering sleeve surrounding exterior surfaces of the first piezoelectric ring and the second piezoelectric ring; anda windowed sleeve surrounding the first piezoelectric ring and the second piezoelectric ring,wherein the windowed sleeve comprises a first portion and a second portion adjacent to the first portion, andwherein the first portion and the second portion are each formed from a plurality of window sections and adjacent covered sections that are positioned around different sections of the first piezoelectric ring and the second piezoelectric ring to allow transmission of quadrupole acoustic signals when the first piezoelectric ring and the second piezoelectric ring are ...

Piezoelectric Bender with Additional Constructive Resonance

Embodiments related to a sound source that comprises a base plate configured to bend and generate acoustic energy; a spring coupled to the base plate; and a mass element coupled to the spring, wherein the sound source is operable to produce at least two resonance frequencies in the sound source. 1. A sound source comprising:a base plate configured to bend and generate acoustic energy;a spring coupled to the base plate; anda mass element coupled to the spring,wherein the sound source is operable to produce at least two resonance frequencies in the sound source.2. The sound source of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two resonance frequencies is about 10 Hz or lower at a depth of the sound source in a body of water of from about 0 meters to about 120 meters.3. The sound source of claim 1 , wherein the base plate comprises a flexible disk.4. The sound source of claim 1 , wherein the base plate comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of spring steel claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , copper alloy claim 1 , glass-fiber reinforced plastic claim 1 , carbon-fiber reinforced plastic claim 1 , and combinations there.5. The sound source of claim 1 , further comprising a spacer disposed between the spring and the base plate claim 1 , such that the spring is indirectly coupled to the base plate.6. The sound source of claim 5 , wherein the spacer comprises a disk claim 5 , wherein the spring comprises a disk claim 5 , and wherein the mass element comprises an annular disk coupled at a perimeter of the spring.7. The sound source of claim 1 , wherein the spring comprises a disk claim 1 , wherein the mass element comprises an annular disk coupled at a perimeter of the spring.8. The sound source of claim 1 , further comprising a piezoelectric body coupled to the base plate.9. A sound source comprising: a spring coupled to an inner surface of the corresponding one of the pair of flexible base plates;', 'a mass element coupled to the spring, wherein the spring ...

VIBRATORY SOURCE FOR NON-VERTICAL BOREHOLES AND METHOD

A reaction mass seismic survey source that is located in an underground casing. The seismic source includes a non-planar base plate; a reaction mass located on the non-planar base plate; and a flextensional element housed in a recess of the reaction mass and configured to vibrate the non-planar base plate when actuated, to generate seismic waves underground. 1. A reaction mass seismic source that is located in an underground casing , the seismic source comprising:a non-planar base plate;a reaction mass located on the non-planar base plate; anda flextensional element located between the reaction mass and the base plate and configured to vibrate the non-planar base plate when actuated, to generate seismic waves underground.2. The seismic source of claim 1 , further comprising:a guidance piston located between the flextensional element and the base plate.3. The seismic source of claim 1 , wherein the flextensional element comprises:a piezoelectric element that changes its size when actuated by a voltage; andan elastic element located around the piezoelectric element and configured to change its shape when the piezoelectric element is actuated.4. The seismic source of claim 1 , further comprising:support devices located between the reaction mass and the base plate and configured to support a weight of the reaction mass such that the flextensional element is protected from the weight of the reaction mass.5. The seismic source of claim 1 , wherein a weight of the non-planar base plate is between 200 and 400 kg.6. The seismic source of claim 1 , wherein the flextensional element includes between one and ten flextensional elements.7. The seismic source of claim 1 , further comprising:a coupling element configured to be in a retracted state when the seismic source travels through the underground casing and to press against a wall of the casing when the seismic source is in a shooting location.8. The seismic source of claim 1 , wherein a center of mass of the source is lower ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING A SUBSURFACE FORMATION WITH A LAND ACTIVE STREAMER

The present disclosure includes a method for monitoring a subsurface formation including disposing an antenna in a horizontal wellbore, the antenna including a plurality of piezoelectric modules. A voltage signal is applied to at least one of the piezoelectric modules to cause the at least one piezoelectric modules to emit seismic energy into the subsurface formation. A resulting signal is received at a receiver. A property of the subsurface formation is determined based, at least in part, on the resulting signal. 1. A method for monitoring a subsurface formation comprising:disposing an antenna in a horizontal wellbore, the antenna including a plurality of piezoelectric modules;applying a voltage signal to at least one of the piezoelectric modules to cause the at least one piezoelectric modules to emit seismic energy into the subsurface formation;receiving a resulting signal at one or more seismic receivers; anddetermining a property of the subsurface formation based, at least in part, on the resulting signal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the piezoelectric modules is configured as a source and one or more of the piezoelectric modules are configured as receivers.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more receivers include one or more other piezoelectric modules that are selective configured as seismic receivers.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more receivers include one or more one or more geophones claim 1 , one or more accelerometers claim 1 , or one or more hydrophones.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the piezoelectric modules are solid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more piezoelectric modules includes a piezoelectric ceramic pillar.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more piezoelectric modules further includes a digitizer to convert a received resulting signal to a digital signal for transmission to a computer system.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more piezoelectric modules ...

Low Frequency Marine Acoustic Vibrator

Embodiments relate to marine acoustic vibrators that incorporate one or more piston plates that act on the surrounding water to produce acoustic energy. An example marine acoustic vibratory may comprise: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; and a driver coupled to the piston plate and the fixture and configured to move the piston plate back and forth.

ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER WITH REDUCED BACKING REFLECTION

A well tool can be used in a wellbore that can measure characteristics of an object in the wellbore. The well tool includes an ultrasonic transducer for generating an ultrasonic wave in a medium of the wellbore. The ultrasonic transducer includes a front layer, a rear layer, backing material coupled to the rear layer, and piezoelectric material coupled to the front layer and to the backing material. The rear layer can improve signal-to-noise ratio of the transducer in applications such as imaging and caliper applications. 1. A well tool usable in a wellbore , the well tool comprising: a front layer;', 'a rear layer;', 'backing material coupled to the rear layer; and', 'piezoelectric material coupled to the front layer and to the backing material., 'an ultrasonic transducer for generating an ultrasonic wave in a medium of the wellbore, the ultrasonic transducer comprising2. The well tool of claim 1 , wherein the rear layer is a rear quarter-wavelength plate.3. The well tool of claim 2 , wherein the front layer is a front quarter-wavelength plate.4. The well tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer is an ultrasound ultrasonic transducer for outputting the ultrasonic wave at a frequency of 20 kHz or higher.5. The well tool of claim 1 , wherein the well tool comprises a logging-while-drilling tool or a wireline tool.6. The well tool of claim 1 , further comprising:an ultrasonic sensor for detecting a reflection or a refraction of the ultrasonic wave off an object in the wellbore and transmitting an associated signal;a processing device in communication with the ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic sensor; and receive the associated signal from the ultrasonic sensor; and', 'determine a characteristic of the object based on the associated signal., 'a memory device in which instructions are stored that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to7. The well tool of claim 6 , wherein the characteristic is an image of the object ...

Methods and systems for a sea-floor seismic source

Systems and methods for a sea-floor seismic source are provided. The seismic source system includes a housing ( 102 ) having an internal cavity ( 104 ). The housing is configured to be coupled to a surface by gravity. The system further includes a coupling plate ( 106 ) fixed to a base ( 108 ) of the internal cavity. The coupling plate is configured to transmit energy through the base of the internal cavity and into the surface. The system also includes an excitation source ( 110 ) located in the internal cavity. The excitation source is configured to receive an input signal from a computing system communicatively coupled to the excitation source, and transmit energy to a reactive mass ( 112 ) located in the internal cavity and transmit energy to the coupling plate.

ASYMMETRIC BENDER BAR TRANSDUCER

Apparatus and techniques are described, such as for obtaining information indicative of an acoustic characteristic of a formation, including using a transducer assembly, comprising a base plate, a first piezoelectric slab and a second piezoelectric slab. The base plate includes a first region extending axially in a first direction beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs along a specified axis of the base plate and a second region extending axially in a second direction, opposite the first direction, beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs. In various examples, a length of the first region along the specified axis is different than a length of the second region to provide an asymmetric configuration. In various examples, an anchoring element is mechanically coupled to the base plate at a location corresponding to a node location of a specified acoustic vibration mode. 1. An acoustic transducer assembly , comprising:a base plate;a first piezoelectric slab located on a first surface of the base plate; anda second piezoelectric slab located on a second surface of the base plate opposite the first surface; a first region extending axially in a first direction beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs along a specified axis of the base plate; and', 'a second region extending axially in a second direction, opposite the first direction, beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs along the specified axis of the acoustic transducer assembly; and, 'wherein the base plate includeswherein a length of the first region along the specified axis is different than a length of the second region along the specified axis to provide an asymmetric configuration.2. The acoustic transducer assembly of claim 1 , wherein the difference in lengths of the first and second regions of the base plate is configured to establish acoustic radiation at a frequency corresponding to a second order acoustic vibration mode of the acoustic transducer assembly.3. The acoustic ...

LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC RELUCTANCE MARINE SEISMIC SOURCE

This disclosure is related to marine seismic sources, for example marine seismic sources known in the art as benders. Some embodiments of this disclosure use magnetic reluctance forces to produce seismic energy. For example, pole pieces may be attached to one or more plates of a marine seismic source, and a wire coil may induce an attractive force between the pole pieces to cause deformation of the plates to produce seismic energy. Such marine seismic sources may be components of a marine seismic survey system, and may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. Methods of making marine seismic sources are also disclosed. 1. A method comprising: passing electric current through a wire coil disposed in a first groove defined in a first pole piece, the first pole piece coupled to a first plate that defines a first central axis and a first outer edge;', 'attracting a second pole piece toward the first pole piece, the second pole piece coupled to a second plate that defines a second central axis and a second outer edge, the first central axis coaxial with the second central axis, and the first plate parallel to the second plate;', 'bending the first and second plates toward each other along the first and second central axis; and', 'maintaining separation of the outer edges of the first and second plates by way of a hoop disposed between the first and second plates at the outer edges; and, 'actuating a marine seismic source to produce seismic energy, the actuating bydetecting the seismic energy.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising towing the marine seismic source behind a survey vessel in a body of water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the marine seismic source is towed at a depth of between 35 and 190 meters.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising recording the detected energy on a tangible claim 1 , non-volatile computer-readable medium.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the actuating includes actuating a plurality of marine seismic sources.6. ...

LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC RELUCTANCE MARINE SEISMIC SOURCE

This disclosure is related to marine seismic sources, for example marine seismic sources known in the art as benders. Some embodiments of this disclosure use magnetic reluctance forces to produce seismic energy. For example, pole pieces may be attached to one or more plates of a marine seismic source, and a wire coil may induce an attractive force between the pole pieces to cause deformation of the plates to produce seismic energy. Such marine seismic sources may be components of a marine seismic survey system, and may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. Methods of making marine seismic sources are also disclosed. 1. An apparatus , comprising: a first plate having a first set of one or more pole pieces attached thereto;', 'a second plate having a second set of one or more pole pieces attached thereto; and', 'a wire coil disposed between the first and second plates such that the first and second sets of one or more pole pieces are operable to attract one another when an electric current is passed through the wire coil., 'a marine seismic source that includes2. The apparatus of wherein at least one of the pole pieces in the first set or the second set comprises a ferromagnetic pole piece.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the marine seismic source is configured to produce seismic energy within a frequency range of 2 Hz to 20 Hz at a water depth in a range of 15 to 190 meters.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the seismic energy is within a frequency range of 2 Hz to 10 Hz at a water depth in a range of 35 to 190 meters.55. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a combined mass of the first plate and the first set of one or more pole pieces is within % of a combined mass of the second plate and the second set of one or more pole pieces.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the absence of the electric current claim 1 , a stiffness of the first and second plates is operable to provide a selected separation in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm between ...

System and Method for Seismic Surveying Using Distributed Sources

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system comprises: a survey vessel; a plurality of seismic sources configured to be towed by the survey vessel, wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers configured to be towed.

Tunable Resonance In A Resonating Gas Seismic Source

A system may include a conduit coupled between a marine seismic source and a gas reservoir external to the seismic source. The conduit may have at least one adjustable dimension for changing a resonance frequency of the system. The system may be utilized in a method of marine seismic surveying. 1. A system , comprising:a marine seismic source;a gas reservoir external to the marine seismic source; anda conduit coupled between the marine seismic source and the gas reservoir,wherein the conduit has at least one dimension that is adjustable to change a resonance frequency of the system.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a motor operable to move a portion of the conduit, wherein the at least one dimension is adjustable in response to the movement.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the portion of the conduit is disposed within the gas reservoir.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one dimension includes a length of the conduit.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conduit includes:a first portion; anda second portion movably coupled to the first portion;wherein the at least one dimension is adjustable in response to movements of the second portion relative to the first portion.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the marine seismic source includes at least one electromechanical device operable to cause resonance in a gas flow between the marine seismic source and the gas reservoir.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a control system configured to receive information indicative of the at least one dimension of the conduit, and wherein the control system is further configured to transmit operating instructions for adjusting a portion of the conduit based on the information received.8. An apparatus claim 1 , comprising:a first plate; and the coupling of the first plate and the second plate define a channel operable to allow passage of a gas therethrough,', 'movements between the first and second plates are operable to change at least one ...

Modular Projector For Marine Seismic Source

An apparatus is disclosed which may include a plurality of marine seismic sources. According to some embodiments, these marine seismic sources may include a plurality of piezoelectric components. Such an apparatus may provide a useful sound pressure level for conducting marine seismic surveying. According to some embodiments, a conduit may be coupled between the plurality of marine seismic sources and a gas reservoir external to the plurality of marine seismic sources. The conduit may in some embodiments have at least one adjustable dimension for changing a frequency of the apparatus. The apparatus may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. 1. A method , comprising: a structural member that defines a perimeter, a first side, and a second side opposite the first side;', 'a port defined through the perimeter of the structural member;', 'a first disc coupled on the first side of the structural member;', 'a second disc coupled on the second side of the structural member;', 'a cavity defined within the structural member between the first and second discs, the cavity contains a volume of gas;', 'a first piezoelectric member adhered to the first disc outside the cavity, the first piezoelectric member comprising a plurality of segmented piezoelectric components; and, 'towing a stack of marine seismic sources, each marine seismic source comprises'}producing, via the stack of seismic sources, acoustic energy in a frequency range of 3 Hz to 10 Hz.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seismic sources are part of a towable sled.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one gas reservoir coupled to the stack of marine seismic sources via a conduit.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:adjusting a resonance frequency of the at least one marine seismic source by changing at least one dimension of the conduit.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein adjusting the resonance frequency further comprises moving claim 4 , via a motor claim 4 , a first portion of ...

Coherent Sound Source for Marine Seismic Surveys

A coherent sound source is provided for marine seismic surveys. An underwater sound projector for producing time-harmonic waveforms comprises two pistons positioned on either side of an electro-magnetic force generator substantially having mechanical and magnetic symmetry about its geometric center thereby creating a virtual node to substantially cancel reaction loads that occur when the pistons are actuated. The underwater sound projector optionally also includes control systems to improve the fidelity of the force generator, provide pressure compensation to the pistons, finely adjust the static position of the pistons, and change the depth and roll when it is configured as tow body. A plurality of underwater sound projectors can be configured in an array. A load-bearing umbilical can connect the underwater sound projectors to a ship, transmit electrical power to each array element and serve as a duplex data transmission medium to route commands from the ship to the projector and report machinery status to the ship. 1. An underwater sound projector for producing time-harmonic waveforms , comprising two pistons positioned on either side of a single an electro-magnetic force generator substantially having mechanical and magnetic symmetry about its geometric center thereby creating a virtual node to substantially cancel reaction loads that occur when the pistons are actuated.2. The underwater sound projector of claim 1 , wherein said electro-magnetic force generator relies on a variable reluctance principal and utilizes a superposition of AC and DC magnetic flux generated by coils and permanent magnets positioned within a stationary magnetic circuit comprised of a single laminated structure to produce dynamic forces on moving armature assemblies that are linear with the AC current applied to the coils.3. The underwater sound projector of claim 2 , wherein said moving armature assemblies are physically connected to pistons that are sized to generate sound waves without ...

Tunable Acoustic Transmitter for Downhole Use

The resonant frequency of an example transducer can be adjusted by changing the effective mass of a backing mass using a tuning module. The tuning module includes a electrical source, a switch, and an electromagnetic coil connected in series as an electrical circuit. The electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, and is disposed within a reservoir of a magneto-rheological fluid enclosed within a casing. When the switch is closed, the electrical source applies a voltage and current to the electromagnetic coil, and induces a localized magnetic field within the magneto-rheological fluid. In response to this localized magnetic field, the magneto-rheological fluid increases in viscosity, assumes properties comparable to a viscoelastic solid, and become affixed to the electromagnetic coil. As the electromagnetic coil is mechanically attached to the backing mass, the solidified magneto-rheological fluid increases the effective mass of the backing mass. As a result, the resonant frequency of the transducer is altered. 1. An acoustic transmitter for generating an acoustic signal , comprising:an actuator module; anda tuning module coupled to the actuator module, the tuning module comprising an electromagnetic coil, a variable electrical source, and a magnetic-rheological fluid, wherein the variable electrical source is in electrical communication with the electromagnetic coil and the electromagnetic coil is at least partially disposed in a magneto-rheological fluid;wherein the acoustic transmitter is arranged so that during operation, the actuator module converts an electrical signal into vibration to generate an acoustic signal, and the variable electrical source applies a current to the electromagnetic coil such that a resonant frequency of the actuator module varies depending on the applied current.2. The acoustic transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic transmitter is arranged so that during operation claim 1 , the variable electrical source ...

DOWNHOLE PIEZOELECTRIC ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER

A sensor system for use in a wellbore is provided that can include a piezoelectric transducer for transmitting an acoustic wave into a fluid medium positioned in the wellbore by repeatedly bending between two positions in response to an actuation signal. The piezoelectric transducer can include at least four piezoelectric layers stacked on top of one another. Each of the four piezoelectric layers can be coupled to an adjacent layer via a bonding material. Each of the four piezoelectric layers can include a piezoelectric material, a top electrode coupled to a top surface of the piezoelectric material, and a bottom electrode coupled to a bottom surface of the piezoelectric material. The sensor system can also include a hydrophone for detecting a reflection or a refraction of the acoustic wave off an object in the wellbore and transmitting an associated signal to a processing device.

ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER

An acoustic transducer is provided. The acoustic transducer includes a housing, a backing, a piezocomposite element adjacent the backing within the housing, and a diaphragm covering on an outward facing surface of the piezocomposite element. 1. An acoustic transducer comprising:a housing;a backing;a piezocomposite element adjacent the backing within the housing; anda diaphragm covering on an outward facing surface of the piezocomposite element.2. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the outward facing surface of the piezocomposite element is a concave surface and the diaphragm is a concave diaphragm.3. The acoustic transducer according to claim 2 , wherein the piezocomposite element is in the shape of a concave disk.4. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm is free to move as the backing expands and contracts without the diaphragm contacting the housing.5. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm provides uniform pressure to the outward facing surface and the periphery of the piezocomposite element when exposed to environmental pressure.6. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm covers on the outward facing surface and around a periphery of the piezocomposite element.7. The acoustic transducer according to claim 6 , wherein an O-ring is located between an outer surface of a periphery of the diaphragm and an inner surface of the housing.8. The acoustic transducer according to claim 6 , wherein the diaphragm is disposed to provide a space between a bottom edge of a periphery of the diaphragm and an inner shoulder of the housing.9. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm is made of a thermoplastic material.10. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a remaining space inside the housing is filled with an elastomer.11. A downhole tool comprising an acoustic transducer a backing;', 'a piezocomposite element adjacent the ...

Bender Bar Transducer With at Least Three Resonance Modes

A bender bar acoustic transducer capable of exciting at least three resonance modes is provided. The provided bender bar acoustic transducer may be capable of exciting a second resonance mode by configuring a first portion of a piezoelectric element to contract while a second portion of the piezoelectric element expands when voltage is applied to electrodes coupled to the piezoelectric element. The bender bar acoustic transducer may be further configured such that the first portion and the second portion of the piezoelectric element both contract and/or expand to excite a first resonance mode. The bender bar acoustic transducer may be used in downhole and well logging applications.

Acoustic Logging Tool Utilizing Fundamental Resonance

An acoustic logging tool includes a support structure and a set of acoustic transducers coupled to the support structure. The set of acoustic transducers includes a first acoustic transducer and a second acoustic transducer facing the same direction. Each of the first and second acoustic transducers includes a substrate having a first end, a second end, a first side, and a second side. Each acoustic transduce further includes a first piezoelectric element coupled to the first side of the substrate and a second piezoelectric element coupled to the second side of the substrate. The first and second ends of the substrate extend beyond the first and second piezoelectric elements and are fixed to the support structure. 1. An acoustic logging tool , comprising:a support structure; anda set of acoustic transducers coupled to the support structure, the set of acoustic transducers comprising a first acoustic transducer and a second acoustic transducer facing the same direction, a substrate having a first end, a second end, a first side, and a second side;', 'a first piezoelectric element coupled to the first side; and', 'a second piezoelectric element coupled to the second side,', 'wherein the first and second ends of the substrate extend beyond the first and second piezoelectric elements and are fixed to the support structure., 'wherein each of the first and second acoustic transducers comprises2. The acoustic logging tool of claim 1 , wherein the substrate of the first acoustic transducer and the substrate of the second acoustic transducer are integral and continuous.3. The acoustic logging tool of claim 2 , wherein:the second end of the substrate of the first acoustic transducer is integrally coupled to the first end of the substrate of the second acoustic transducer, forming a substrate joint portion; andthe first end of the substrate of the first acoustic transducer and the second end of the substrate of the second acoustic transducer are on opposite sides of the ...

Method and Transducer For Acoustic Logging

A transducer, method, and downhole tool for acoustic logging. The acoustic transducer comprises a piezoelectric material comprising a body and grooves formed on the body. The grooves comprise a first groove that intersects with a second groove on the body. The method of acoustic logging a wall comprises transmitting an acoustic pulse at the wall using the acoustic transducer. The method also comprises generating a signal indicative of a reflection of the pulse using the acoustic transducer; and determining an acoustic parameter based on the signal using a processor. The acoustic logging tool is locatable in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean earth formation. The acoustic logging tool comprises the acoustic transducer and a processor configured to determine an acoustic parameter based on a signal generated by the acoustic transducer, the signal being indicative of the acoustic wave. 1. An acoustic transducer , comprising a piezoelectric material comprising:a body; andgrooves formed on the body, wherein the grooves comprise a first groove that intersects with a second groove on the body.2. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 , wherein the first groove is formed on the body to intersect perpendicularly with the second groove.3. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 , wherein the grooves further comprise a first set of grooves parallel with each other claim 1 , and a second set of grooves not parallel with the first set of grooves.4. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric material comprises a charge constant of 200×10m/V to 600×10m/V and a quality factor of 50 to 200.5. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 , further comprising a potting compound in at least one of the grooves.6. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 , wherein the grooves comprise a depth of 10% of the height of the body to 99% of the height of the body.7. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 , wherein the grooves are formed on a face of the body.8. The acoustic transducer of claim 1 , ...

MARINE SEISMIC VIBRATOR FOR LOW FREQUENCY AND METHODS OF USE

Disclosed are devices and methods for marine geophysical surveying. An example device may comprise a shell, a base plate, wherein the base plate is coupled to the shell, a driver disposed within the shell, an inner spring element disposed within the shell, wherein the inner spring element is coupled to the driver, wherein outer ends of the inner spring element are coupled to outer ends of the inner spring element at spring element junctions, an outer spring element disposed within the shell, wherein outer ends of the outer spring element are coupled to the spring element junctions, and a back mass disposed on the outer spring element. 1. A marine seismic vibrator comprising:a shell;a base plate, wherein the base plate is coupled to the shell;a driver disposed within the shell;an inner spring element disposed within the shell, wherein the inner spring element is coupled to the driver;an outer spring element disposed within the shell, wherein outer ends of the outer spring element are coupled to outer ends of the inner spring element at spring element junctions; anda back mass disposed on the outer spring element.2. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 1 , wherein the driver comprises a magnetic circuit and an electric coil claim 1 , wherein the electric coil is positioned perpendicular to the base plate.3. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 2 , wherein the spring element junctions are configured to move perpendicular to the driver claim 2 , thereby increasing or decreasing distances from an apex of the outer spring element to the base plate.4. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 1 , wherein the inner spring element and the outer spring element each comprise flexible rods.5. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 1 , wherein the inner spring element and the outer spring element are configured to propagate acoustic waves of opposite polarity.6. The marine seismic vibrator of claim 5 , wherein the inner spring element and the outer spring element are configured to ...

Process and system for enhanced depth penetration of an energy source

The method for enhanced depth penetration of energy into a formation may include mechanically stimulating the formation at a first frequency to induce mechanical stress in the formation and directing electromagnetic radiation towards the formation while mechanically stimulating the formation.

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MARINE VIBRATORS TO REDUCE FRICTION EFFECTS

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such vibrator including an excitation signal and seismic sources. According to some embodiments, a control unit provides first input signals to the marine vibrator which include an excitation signal and a high-amplitude, low-frequency signal, the latter is operable to decrease friction effects in the marine vibrator. Furthermore local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator. The control unit is further configured to generate initial values for a transfer function of the marine vibrator based on the measured acoustic output. 1. A system , comprising:a marine vibrator configured to generate acoustic output; and provide first input signals to the marine vibrator, the first input signals including an excitation signal and a high-amplitude, low-frequency signal, wherein the high-amplitude, low-frequency signal is operable to decrease friction effects in the marine vibrator;', 'measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator; and', 'generate initial values for a transfer function of the marine vibrator based on the measured acoustic output., 'a control unit configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic output of the marine vibrator is measured at each of a plurality of frequencies claim 1 , wherein the marine vibrator includes at least one non-linearity that generates harmonics and intermodulations in the acoustic output claim 1 , and wherein frequencies of the first input signals are chosen so that frequencies of the harmonics and intermodulations do not coincide with the frequency of the acoustic output measured.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the marine vibrator includes a plurality of actuators claim 1 , and wherein the control unit is configured to: ...

Control system for marine vibrators operating near impulsive seismic signal sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. A sensor is configured to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator along with signal pulses from at least one impulsive seismic signal source. The ILC is disabled when it is determined that the impulsive seismic is active based on the sensor measurements.

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MARINE VIBRATORS

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. 1. A system , comprising: 'at least two actuators and at least two sensors;', 'a marine vibrator, includingwherein the marine vibrator is configured to generate acoustic output at respective positions in or on the marine vibrator via the at least two actuators, and wherein the at least two sensors are configured to measure the acoustic output; and 'iteratively change actuating signals for the at least two actuators based on the measured acoustic output and a specified reference signal.', 'a control unit configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the iteratively changing the actuating signals comprises:determining at least two corrected actuating signals based on the measured acoustic output;actuating the marine vibrator with the at least two corrected actuating signals, wherein the actuating changes the acoustic output; andrepeating the determining and the actuating.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the determining comprises:determining the at least two corrected actuating signals using a system transfer function from the measured acoustic output to the actuating signals for the at least two actuators.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system transfer function includes a respective m×n matrix for each of a plurality of frequencies claim 3 , and wherein each m×n matrix of the system transfer function includes complex numbers representing phase and amplitude response for each combination of actuating signal and measured acoustic output.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the marine vibrator further includes a shell configured to ...

METHOD FOR CALIBRATING THE FAR-FIELD ACOUSTIC OUTPUT OF A MARINE VIBRATOR

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. 1. A system , comprising:a marine vibrator, wherein the marine vibrator is configured to generate acoustic output;at least one sensor local to the marine vibrator;at least one sensor remote from the marine vibrator; and a reference signal; and', 'measurements of the acoustic output by the at least one sensor local to the marine vibrator and the at least one sensor remote from the marine vibrator., 'a control unit configured to iteratively change an actuating signal for the marine vibrator based on2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor remote from the marine vibrator is configured to measure the acoustic output at far-field claim 1 , and wherein iteratively changing the actuating signal includes:using a transfer function that maps the measured acoustic output at far-field to measured acoustic output local to the marine vibrator to generate an estimate of acoustic output at far-field based on the measurements of the acoustic output by the at least one sensor local to the marine vibrator; andchanging the actuating signal based on the estimate.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the control unit is further configured to:determine a first transfer function that maps measured acoustic output local to the marine vibrator to measured acoustic output at far-field; andcompute an inverse transfer function based on the first transfer function, wherein the inverse transfer function maps measured acoustic output at far-field to estimated acoustic output local to the marine vibrator.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the control unit ...

UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SOURCE AND ACTUATOR

An underwater acoustic source can include a first piston coupled to a second piston and a plurality of linear magnetic actuators directly connected to each of the first piston and the second piston. Each of the plurality of linear magnetic actuators include a linear shaft positioned within the cylindrical magnetic assembly and mounted to the first end of the rigid ferromagnetic housing and the second end of the rigid ferromagnetic housing, such that the linear shaft is stationary, and linear bearings positioned between the cylindrical magnet assembly and the linear shaft to allow the cylindrical magnet assembly to translate along the linear shaft relative to the cylindrical electrical coil, and wherein each of the plurality of linear magnetic actuators is activated, the first piston and the second piston oscillate towards and away from each other, causing acoustic waves to be generated in water. 1. A linear magnetic actuator for an acoustic source comprising:a rigid ferromagnetic housing having a first end and a second end;a cylindrical electrical coil mounted to an inside of the rigid ferromagnetic housing; a magnet shaft having a center longitudinal axis, and', 'a cylindrical magnet having a center longitudinal axis that is aligned with the center longitudinal axis of the magnet shaft, the at least one cylindrical magnet having an outer diameter that is smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical electric coil;, 'a cylindrical magnet assembly positioned adjacent to the cylindrical electrical coil, the cylindrical magnet assembly comprisinga linear shaft positioned within the cylindrical magnetic assembly and mounted to the first end of the rigid ferromagnetic housing and the second end of the rigid ferromagnetic housing, such that the linear shaft is stationary relative to the rigid ferromagnetic housing; anda linear bearing positioned between the cylindrical magnet assembly and the linear shaft to allow the cylindrical magnet assembly to translate along the ...

A THROUGH BIT DIPOLE ACOUSTIC LOGGING TRANSMITTER AND A LOGGING DEVICE

The invention relates to a transmitter of a through bit dipole acoustic logging device and the logging device, and the transmitter includes a substrate and 2 piezoelectric ceramic plates respectively at either sides of the substrate; wherein the piezoelectric ceramic plate is composed of at least one block of piezoelectric ceramic units; wherein the lengthwise direction of the piezoelectric ceramic elements is along the width direction of the piezoelectric ceramic plates, the width direction of the piezoelectric ceramic units is along the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramic plates, and the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramic units is along the lengthwise direction of the piezoelectric ceramic plates; the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramic units are along the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramic units; when electric excitation is applied along the length of the piezoelectric ceramic plate, the piezoelectric ceramic plate on one side of the substrate is extended while the piezoelectric ceramic plate of the other side shortened, pushing the substrate to form a bending vibration, transmitting the thrust to the media and generating acoustic waves. 12. A transmitter of a through bit dipole acoustic logging device , characterized in that , the transmitter includes a substrate and at least piezoelectric ceramic plates respectively at either sides of the substrate; whereinthe piezoelectric ceramic plate is composed of at least one blocks of piezoelectric ceramic units; wherein the lengthwise direction of the piezoelectric ceramic units is along the width direction of the piezoelectric ceramic plate, the width direction of the piezoelectric ceramic units is along the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramic plate, and the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramic units is along the lengthwise direction of the piezoelectric ceramic plate; the polarization directions of the piezoelectric ceramic units are ...

THROUGH TUBING ACOUSTIC IMAGING

An outer tubular is imaged by a pad assembly disposed within an inner tubular inserted within the outer tubular. The pad assembly is in contact with the inner tubular, and includes an acoustic pressure source, a backing mounted to a side of the acoustic pressure source, and an intervening layer between the acoustic pressure source and inner tubular. Signals generated by the pad assembly propagate radially outward from the inner tubular and reflect from the outer tubular. The generated and reflected signals travel through a medium between the inner and outer tubulars. An estimate of the distance between the inner and outer tubulars is based on the time from generation of the signal to when the reflected signal is sensed. The pad assembly and its components are during its design. 1. A method of imaging in a wellbore comprising:inserting a pad assembly into an inner tubular that is disposed in the wellbore;forming an acoustic transmitter by contacting the pad assembly with the inner tubular;generating a vibration with the acoustic transmitter to form a transmitted signal that propagates radially outward from the inner tubular, into contact with an outer tubular that circumscribes the inner tubular, and through a medium disposed in an annulus between the inner tubular and outer tubular;using the pad assembly to sense a reflected signal that is formed by the transmitted signal reflecting from the outer tubular; andanalyzing the reflected signal to obtain information about the outer tubular.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pad assembly comprises an electroactive material claim 1 , a backing mounted to a side of the electroactive material claim 1 , and an intervening layer on a side of the electroactive material opposite from the backing.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising adjusting a density of one or more of the backing claim 2 , electroactive material claim 2 , and intervening layer so that substantially all of the vibration is transformed into the ...

THROUGH TUBING ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS

Methods, systems, and program products are disclosed for implementing acoustic logging and determining wellbore material characteristics. In some embodiments, a method may include determining a polar differential signal for each of one or more pairs of azimuthally offset acoustic measurements within a wellbore. A reference azimuth is identified based, at least in part, on comparing the polar differential signals to a modeled bonding differential signal within a target response window. The method further includes determining differences between an acoustic measurement at the reference azimuth and acoustic measurements at one or more other azimuths and determining a wellbore material condition based, at least in part, on the determined differences. 1. A method comprising:determining a polar differential signal for each of one or more pairs of azimuthally offset acoustic measurements within a wellbore;identifying a reference azimuth based, at least in part, on comparing the polar differential signals to a modeled bonding differential signal within a target response window;determining differences between an acoustic measurement at the reference azimuth and acoustic measurements at one or more other azimuths; anddetermining a wellbore material condition based, at least in part, on the determined differences.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said determining a polar differential signal comprises computing an amplitude difference between one or more acoustic signal components measured at a first azimuth and one or more acoustic signal components measured at a second azimuth that is azimuthally offset from the first azimuth.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating the one or more pairs of azimuthally offset acoustic measurements including:positioning an azimuthally directional acoustic sensor at a first axial location along the wellbore;at the first axial location, measuring acoustic responses at a first set of one or more azimuthal angles; andat the first ...

Vibratory source for non-vertical boreholes and method

A reaction mass seismic survey source (800) that is located in an underground casing. The seismic source includes a non-planar base plate (820); a reaction mass (830) located on the non-planar base plate (820); and a flextensional element (840) housed in a recess (832) of the reaction mass (830) and configured to vibrate the non-planar base plate (820) when actuated, to generate seismic waves underground.

Boomer for marine seismic exploring

본 발명은 해양 탄성파탐사를 위한 음원발생장치의 한 종류인 부머에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 해양 탄성파탐사용 부머는, 수면에 띄워지는 보드의 하부에 트랜스듀스를 분리, 결합할 수 있도록 되어 있는 트랜스듀스결합부가 복수 개 위치되어 있되 상기 트랜스듀스결합부는 보드의 좌, 우 무게중심을 형성하는 직선(L)을 따라 위치되어 있으며, 트랜스듀스결합부에 트랜스듀스를 장착하기 위한 트랜스듀스결합수단이 구비되어 있다. 따라서 탐사목적, 수심, 작업공간 및 작업조건 등 상황에 따라 트랜스듀스의 구비 갯수를 조절하는 구조변경 작업이 가능하여 우수한 탐사결과를 얻을 수 있고 이동 및 운용의 어려움도 해소할 수 있으며, 결과적으로 해양 탄성파탐사의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 특징이 있다.

Through tubing acoustic imaging

An outer tubular is imaged by a pad assembly disposed within an inner tubular inserted within the outer tubular. The pad assembly is in contact with the inner tubular, and includes an acoustic pressure source, a backing mounted to a side of the acoustic pressure source, and an intervening layer between the acoustic pressure source and inner tubular. Signals generated by the pad assembly propagate radially outward from the inner tubular and reflect from the outer tubular. The generated and reflected signals travel through a medium between the inner and outer tubulars. An estimate of the distance between the inner and outer tubulars is based on the time from generation of the signal to when the reflected signal is sensed.

The adjustable acoustic transmitter used for underground

可以通过使用调整模块改变背衬块的有效质量来调节示例换能器的谐振频率。所述调整模块包括作为电路串联连接的电源、开关和电磁线圈。所述电磁线圈机械地附接到所述背衬块并且设置在封装在套管内的磁流变流体的储层内。当闭合所述开关时，所述电源向所述电磁线圈施加电压和电流，并且感应所述磁流变流体内的局部磁场。响应于此局部磁场，所述磁流变流体的粘度增大，具有与粘弹性固体相当的性质，并且变成附连到所述电磁线圈。当所述电磁线圈机械地附接到所述背衬块时，固化的磁流变流体增大所述背衬块的有效质量。因此，改变所述换能器的谐振频率。

Method and transducer for acoustic logging

A transducer, method, and downhole tool for acoustic logging. The acoustic transducer comprises a piezoelectric material comprising a body and grooves formed on the body. The grooves comprise a first groove that intersects with a second groove on the body. The method of acoustic logging a wall comprises transmitting an acoustic pulse at the wall using the acoustic transducer. The method also comprises generating a signal indicative of a reflection of the pulse using the acoustic transducer; and determining an acoustic parameter based on the signal using a processor. The acoustic logging tool is locatable in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean earth formation. The acoustic logging tool comprises the acoustic transducer and a processor configured to determine an acoustic parameter based on a signal generated by the acoustic transducer, the signal being indicative of the acoustic wave.

Methods and systems for a sea-floor seismic source

Systems and methods for a sea-floor seismic source are provided. The seismic source system includes a housing having an internal cavity. The housing is configured to be coupled to a surface by gravity. The system further includes a coupling plate fixed to a base of the internal cavity. The coupling plate is configured to transmit energy through the base of the internal cavity and into the surface. The system also includes an excitation source located in the internal cavity. The excitation source is configured to receive an input signal from a computing system communicatively coupled to the excitation source, and transmit energy to a reactive mass located in the internal cavity and transmit energy to the coupling plate.

Tunable acoustic transmitter for downhole use

The resonant frequency of an example transducer can be adjusted by changing the effective mass of a backing mass (206) using a tuning module (500). The tuning module (500) includes a electrical source (502), a Switch (504), and an electromagnetic coil (506) connected in series as an electrical circuit. The electromagnetic coil (506) is mechanically attached to the backing mass (206), and is disposed within a reservoir of a magneto-rheological fluid (508) enclosed within a casing (510). When the switch is closed, the electrical source (502) applies a voltage and current to the electromagnetic coil (506), and induces a localized magnetic field within the magneto-rheological fluid (508). In response to this localized magnetic field, the magneto-rheological fluid (508) increases in viscosity, assumes properties comparable to a viscoelastic solid, and become affixed to the electromagnetic coil (506). As the electromagnetic coil (506) is mechanically attached to the backing mass (206),

Boomer for marine seismic survey

Provided is a boomer that is a type of a seismic source generator for marine seismic survey. In the boomer for marine seismic survey according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of transducer coupling parts (31) capable of separating and coupling a transducer (10a) are disposed on a bottom of a board (20) floating on a surface of water, the transducer coupling parts (31) are disposed along a straight line forming a left and a right center of gravity of the board (20), and a transducer coupling member (40) for mounting the transducer (10a) is provided. Further, a support (30) is mounted on the bottom of the board (20), the transducer coupling part (31) is disposed on the support (30), and the support (30) is formed to control a distance from a bottom point of the board (20) to the transducer coupling part (31).

METHOD AND TRANSDUCER FOR THE ACQUISITION OF ACOUSTIC RECORDS

Un transductor, método y herramienta del fondo del pozo para la adquisición de registros acústicos. El transductor acústico comprende un material piezoeléctrico que comprende un cuerpo y ranuras formadas en el cuerpo. Las ranuras comprenden una primera ranura que se cruza con una segunda ranura en el cuerpo. El método para adquirir registros acústicos de una pared comprende transmitir un pulso acústico en la pared usando el transmisor acústico. El método comprende también generar una señal indicativa de una reflexión del pulso usando el transductor acústico; y determinar un parámetro acústico de acuerdo con la señal usando un procesador. La herramienta de adquisición de registros acústicos puede ubicarse en un pozo que cruza una formación terrestre subterránea. La herramienta de adquisición de registros acústicos comprende el transductor acústico y un procesador configurado para determinar un parámetro acústico de acuerdo con una señal generada por el transductor acústico, tal señal es indicadora de la onda acústica. A transducer, method and tool of the bottom of the well for the acquisition of acoustic records. The acoustic transducer comprises a piezoelectric material comprising a body and grooves formed in the body. The grooves comprise a first groove that intersects with a second groove in the body. The method of acquiring acoustic records of a wall comprises transmitting an acoustic pulse on the wall using the acoustic transmitter. The method also comprises generating a signal indicative of a pulse reflection using the acoustic transducer; and determine an acoustic parameter according to the signal using a processor. The acoustic record acquisition tool can be located in a well that crosses an underground land formation. The acoustic record acquisition tool comprises the acoustic transducer and a processor configured to determine an acoustic parameter according to a signal generated by the acoustic transducer, such a signal is indicative of the acoustic wave.

Immersible ultrasonic transmitter

An immersible ultrasonic transmitter consists of an end element of a first type (1), an end element of a second type (15) and at least one transmitting member (2). The end element of the first type (1) comprises a first cylindrical transmitter (3), a stack of piezoelectric elements (4), a second cylindrical transmitter (5) and a coupling element (6) with a threaded connection for coupling together the two cylindrical transmitters. The transmitting member (2) contains a stack of piezoelectric elements (7), a cylindrical transmitter (8) of a transmitting member, and an element (9) with a threaded connection for coupling together the cylindrical transmitter (8) of a transmitting member and the cylindrical transmitter (8) of an adjacent transmitting member, or the second cylindrical transmitter (5) of the end element of the first type. The end element of the second type (15) comprises a first cylindrical transmitter (3), a stack of piezoelectric elements (4) and a coupling element (6) with a threaded connection for coupling together the cylindrical transmitter (3) and the cylindrical transmitter (8) of an adjacent transmitting member.

System and method for seismic surveying using distributed sources

Disclosed are methods and systems for marine surveying that use electrically powered seismic sources that are distributed at spaced apart locations. In one example, a marine seismic survey system (2) comprises: a survey vessel (4); a plurality of seismic sources (10) configured to be towed by the survey vessel (4), wherein the seismic sources are electrically powered and are distributed behind the survey vessel at spaced apart locations with a spacing of about 50 meters or more; and a plurality of sensor streamers (12) configured to be towed.

Coherent sound source for marine seismic surveys

A coherent sound source is provided for marine seismic surveys. An exemplary underwater sound projector comprises a plurality of pistons actuated by an electromagnetic force generator having components comprising a stator, armatures, electrical coils, and permanent magnets. The pistons and the components are arranged to create mechanical and magnetic symmetry about a geometric center of the projector to reduce reaction loads that occur when the pistons are actuated. The stator and the armatures have magnetic poles that employ a tapered geometry. The projector optionally includes control systems to improve the fidelity of the force generator, provide pressure compensation to the pistons, finely adjust the static position of the pistons, and/or change the depth and roll when the projector is configured as a tow body. A plurality of such projectors can be configured in an array. An umbilical can connect the projectors to a vessel, transmit electrical power and compressed gas to each array element and/or provide a data transmission medium between the projector and the vessel.

System and Method for Seismic Surveying Using Distributed Sources

本发明公开了用于使用被分布在间隔开的位置处的电力推动的地震源的海洋勘测的方法和系统。在一个示例中，海洋地震勘测系统包括：勘测船舶；被配置以由所述勘测船舶所拖曳的多个地震源，其中所述地震源被电力推动并且以大约50米或更多的间隔被分布在勘测船舶后方被间隔开的位置处；以及被配置以被拖曳的多个传感器拖缆。

Method and transducer for acoustic logging

Downhole piezoelectric acoustic transducer

A sensor system for use in a wellbore is provided that can include a piezoelectric transducer for transmitting an acoustic wave into a fluid medium positioned in the wellbore by repeatedly bending between two positions in response to an actuation signal. The piezoelectric transducer can include at least four piezoelectric layers stacked on top of one another. Each of the four piezoelectric layers can be coupled to an adjacent layer via a bonding material. Each of the four piezoelectric layers can include a piezoelectric material, a top electrode coupled to a top surface of the piezoelectric material, and a bottom electrode coupled to a bottom surface of the piezoelectric material. The sensor system can also include a hydrophone for detecting a reflection or a refraction of the acoustic wave off an object in the wellbore and transmitting an associated signal to a processing device.

Method and apparatus for acoustic impedance and p-wave anisotropy measurements

Measurements of impedance are made using a piezoelectric transducer oriented at different angles to a formation bedding plane. The impedance measurements are then used to estimate the anisotropic velocity of the formation.

System and method for acoustic imaging using a transducer array

An apparatus for acoustic imaging includes an array with a number of acoustic transducers. Each acoustic transducer transmits and receives acoustic signals. The apparatus also includes a control unit that is coupled to the array and selectively powers a number of acoustic transducers based upon standoff distance between the array and an object-of-interest (e.g., a borehole wall). In some embodiments, the control unit also varies the frequency of acoustic signals transmitted from the array using the standoff distance between the array and the object-of-interest.

Piston integrated variable mass load

Embodiments relate to relate to marine vibrators that incorporate one or more piston plates that act on the surrounding water to produce acoustic energy. An example marine vibrator may comprise: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; a driver disposed in the marine vibrator, wherein the driver is coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; and a container coupled to the piston plate, wherein the container is configured to hold a variable mass load; wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the variable mass load.

Elastic wave reflecting method device installed on shield and its measuring method

一种安装在盾构机上的弹性波反射法装置及其测量方法，其中装置包括激震器、检波器、弹性装置、导线和盾构机的刀盘，激震器和检波器可沿刀盘圆周或沿半径方向排列布置；其中测量方法：采用刀盘转动测量方式，激震器和检波器每隔一定角度测量一次，即一个测点，多个测点形成的圆形测量剖面资料经处理后可形成一个圆筒形或者圆锥筒形的时间剖面图。本发明解决了目前在用钻爆法开挖时已有多种方法可以进行预报工作，但在用盾构机施工时，掘进的刀盘前方不可能由人进入操作，业界希望设备安装在盾构机上自动操作的问题；本发明解决了在刀盘前方充填着砂石、泥土、水、泡沫等物体，探查的元件若安装在刀盘上将很快被磨损的问题。

Control system for marine vibrators and seismic acquisition system using such control system

Method and Transducer for Acoustic Logging

A transducer, method, and downhole tool for acoustic logging. The acoustic transducer comprises a piezoelectric material comprising a body and grooves formed on the body. The grooves comprise a first groove that intersects with a second groove on the body. The method of acoustic logging a wall comprises transmitting an acoustic pulse at the wall using the acoustic transducer. The method also comprises generating a signal indicative of a reflection of the pulse using the acoustic transducer; and determining an acoustic parameter based on the signal using a processor. The acoustic logging tool is locatable in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean earth formation. The acoustic logging tool comprises the acoustic transducer and a processor configured to determine an acoustic parameter based on a signal generated by the acoustic transducer, the signal being indicative of the acoustic wave. Fig.3

Deep-sea pedestal-type engineering geological environment in-situ long-term observation equipment and methods

Tunable acoustic transmitter for downhole use

可以通过使用调整模块改变背衬块的有效质量来调节示例换能器的谐振频率。所述调整模块包括作为电路串联连接的电源、开关和电磁线圈。所述电磁线圈机械地附接到所述背衬块并且设置在封装在套管内的磁流变流体的储层内。当闭合所述开关时，所述电源向所述电磁线圈施加电压和电流，并且感应所述磁流变流体内的局部磁场。响应于此局部磁场，所述磁流变流体的粘度增大，具有与粘弹性固体相当的性质，并且变成附连到所述电磁线圈。当所述电磁线圈机械地附接到所述背衬块时，固化的磁流变流体增大所述背衬块的有效质量。因此，改变所述换能器的谐振频率。

ultrasonic transducer, and methods for producing an ultrasonic transducer and for ultrasonic imaging of a formation.

um transdutor ultrassônico pode compreender um corpo de transdutor incluindo uma primeira face e uma segunda face dispostas em lados opostos do corpo de transdutor, em que o corpo de transdutor compreende um material piezelétrico; uma primeira borda de transdutor disposta no corpo de transdutor; e uma segunda borda de transdutor disposta no corpo de transdutor, em que a primeira borda está disposta no corpo de transdutor substancialmente oposta à segunda borda e em que a primeira e a segunda bordas de transdutor interceptam um perímetro do corpo de transdutor e em que a primeira e a segunda bordas formam um ângulo não inferior a 3 graus. an ultrasonic transducer may comprise a transducer body including a first face and a second face disposed on opposite sides of the transducer body, wherein the transducer body comprises a piezoelectric material; a first transducer edge disposed on the transducer body; and a second transducer edge disposed on the transducer body, wherein the first edge is disposed on the transducer body substantially opposite to the second edge and wherein the first and second transducer edges intersect a perimeter of the transducer body and wherein the first and second edges form an angle of not less than 3 degrees.

Control system for marine vibrators operating near impulsive seismic signal sources

Techniques are disclosed relating to control of seismic sources such as marine vibrators. According to some embodiments, iterative learning control (ILC) systems may be used to control such seismic sources. According to some embodiments, local sensor(s) placed in, on, or near a seismic source and/or remote sensors placed in the far-field region may be used to determine a transfer function for the seismic source for such ILC control. A sensor is configured to measure the acoustic output of the marine vibrator along with signal pulses from at least one impulsive seismic signal source. The ILC is disabled when it is determined that the impulsive seismic is active based on the sensor measurements.

System and method for acoustic imaging using a transducer array

An apparatus for acoustic imaging includes an array with a number of acoustic transducers. Each acoustic transducer transmits and receives acoustic signals. The apparatus also includes a control unit that is coupled to the array and selectively powers a number of acoustic transducers based upon standoff distance between the array and an object-of-interest (e.g., a borehole wall). In some embodiments, the control unit also varies the frequency of acoustic signals transmitted from the array using the standoff distance between the array and the object-of-interest.

Method and apparatus for acoustic impedance and p-wave anisotropy measurements

Measurements of impedance are made using a piezoelectric transducer oriented at different angles to a formation bedding plane. The impedance measurements are then used to estimate the anisotropic velocity of the formation.

Asymmetric bender bar transducer

Apparatus and techniques are described, such as for obtaining information indicative of an acoustic characteristic of a formation, including using a transducer assembly, comprising a base plate, a first piezoelectric slab and a second piezoelectric slab. The base plate includes a first region extending axially in a first direction beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs along a specified axis of the base plate and a second region extending axially in a second direction, opposite the first direction, beyond the first and second piezoelectric slabs. In various examples, a length of the first region along the specified axis is different than a length of the second region to provide an asymmetric configuration. In various examples, an anchoring element is mechanically coupled to the base plate at a location corresponding to a node location of a specified acoustic vibration mode.

System and method for the seismic survey using distributed source

本发明公开了用于使用被分布在间隔开的位置处的电力推动的地震源的海洋勘测的方法和系统。在一个示例中，海洋地震勘测系统包括：勘测船舶；被配置以由所述勘测船舶所拖曳的多个地震源，其中所述地震源被电力推动并且以大约50米或更多的间隔被分布在勘测船舶后方被间隔开的位置处；以及被配置以被拖曳的多个传感器拖缆。

Sensor housing and spacer carrier assembly

Apparatus and techniques are disclosed relating to sensor housing and spacer carrier assemblies. In various embodiments, a spacer carrier provides a cavity through a body of the spacer carrier and a first alignment element positioned at a first end of the cavity. In some embodiments, a sensor housing is configured to be deployed within the cavity through the body of the spacer carrier. The sensor housing may include a housing body configured to receive a sensor and a second alignment element configured to interface with the first alignment element. In various embodiments, the first and second alignment elements are configured to maintain an orientation of the sensor housing within the cavity when the sensor housing is inserted into the spacer carrier.

Active dampening for a wellbore logging tool using iterative learning techniques

In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of vibration control for a wellbore logging tool is disclosed. The wellbore logging tool includes an acoustic transmitter. The method may include providing a braking signal to the acoustic transmitter. The braking signal may be based, at least in part, on at least one prior vibration in the acoustic transmitter. The method may include determining a present vibration in the acoustic transmitter after the braking signal has been provided to the acoustic transmitter. The method may include determining whether to update the braking signal and, if so, updating the braking signal based, at least in part, on the present vibration in the acoustic transmitter.

Piston integrated variable mass load

Embodiments relate to relate to marine vibrators that incorporate one or more piston plates that act on the surrounding water to produce acoustic energy. An example marine vibrator may comprise: a containment housing; a piston plate; a fixture coupled to the containment housing; a mechanical spring element coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; a driver disposed in the marine vibrator, wherein the driver is coupled to the piston plate and the fixture; and a container coupled to the piston plate, wherein the container is configured to hold a variable mass load; wherein the marine vibrator has a resonance frequency selectable based at least in part on the variable mass load. LO U) C>)C q- LO --d LL)o U)=

Acoustic traveling wave tube system and method for forming and propagating acoustic waves

The present invention is an acoustic traveling wave tube system for propagating a directional acoustic wave comprising an acoustic traveling wave tube having a cylindrical shape with a load on one end of the tube, a plurality of excitation rings positioned around a circumference of the tube and spaced at predetermined intervals along a length of the tube and a microprocessor having a database containing a plurality of waveforms representative of acoustic signals. The microprocessor energizes one of the plurality of excitation rings to form an acoustic wave, sequentially energizes one or more of the remaining excitation rings along the length of the tube to amplify the acoustic wave as the acoustic wave travels along the length of the tube, and propagates the acoustic wave from an end of the tube opposite the load as a shaped directional acoustic wave.

Asymmetric bender bar transducer.

Se describen aparatos y técnicas para obtener información indicativa de una característica acústica de una formación que incluye el uso de un montaje de transductores que comprende una placa base, una primera losa piezoeléctrica y una segunda losa piezoeléctrica. La placa base incluye una primera región que se extiende axialmente en una primera dirección más allá de la primera y segunda losa piezoeléctrica a lo largo de un eje especificado de la placa base y una segunda región que se extiende axialmente en una segunda dirección opuesta a la primera dirección, más allá de la primera y la segunda losa piezoeléctrica. En varios ejemplos, una longitud de la primera región a lo largo del eje especificado es diferente a una longitud de la segunda región para proporcionar una configuración asimétrica. En varios ejemplos, se acopla un elemento de anclaje, en forma mecánica, a la placa base en una ubicación que corresponde a una ubicación de nodo de un modo de vibración acústico especificado.

Acoustic dipole piston transmitter

According to embodiments of the disclosure, a downhole tool for taking acoustic measurements in a wellbore is provided. The tool may have an acoustic dipole transmitter with a piston made from a soft magnetic material, mounted on a centering spring between the first coil and the second coil, which moves the piston bi-directionally along a longitudinal axis when energized. The tool may also have a feedback winding on at least one of the first or second coils. The tool may also have a circuit for energizing the first and second coils which includes an input for receiving a signal responsive to the position of the piston relative to the coils and a processor for determining an output waveform used to generate an acoustic signal.

Low-frequency magnetic reluctance marine seismic source

This disclosure is related to marine seismic sources, for example marine seismic sources known in the art as benders. Some embodiments of this disclosure use magnetic reluctance forces to produce seismic energy. For example, pole pieces may be attached to one or more plates of a marine seismic source, and a wire coil may induce an attractive force between the pole pieces to cause deformation of the plates to produce seismic energy. Such marine seismic sources may be components of a marine seismic survey system, and may be used in a method of marine seismic surveying. Methods of making marine seismic sources are also disclosed.

Two-axis sensing element

Apparatus and techniques are disclosed relating to a two-axis sensing element. In various embodiments, a two-axis sensing element includes a mounting plate that includes a first pair of mounting slots oriented in a first direction and a second pair of mounting slots oriented in a second, different direction. Further, in various embodiments, the two-axis sensing element may include a first pair of bender elements and a second pair of bender elements. The first pair of bender elements may be mounted through the first pair of mounting slots such that the first pair of bender elements is oriented in the first direction and the second pair of bender elements may be mounted through the second pair of mounting slots such that the second pair of bender elements is oriented in the second, different direction. In various embodiments, the mounting plate may transect each of the bender elements into two cantilever portions.

Sonic through tubing cement evaluation

Patent BR112016015182A2

sensor system for use in a wellbore and method

um sistema de sensor para uso em um furo de poço é fornecido e pode incluir um transdutor piezelétrico para transmitir uma onda acústica em um meio fluido posicionado do furo de poço, dobrando repetidamente entre duas posições em resposta a um sinal de atuação. o transdutor piezelétrico pode incluir pelo menos quatro camadas piezelétricas empilhadas uma sobre a outra. cada das quatro camadas piezelétricas pode ser acoplada a uma camada adjacente através de um material de ligação. cada uma das quatro camadas piezelétricas pode incluir um material piezelétrico, um eletrodo superior acoplado a uma superfície superior do material piezelétrico e um eletrodo inferior acoplado a uma superfície inferior do material piezelétrico. o sistema de sensor também pode incluir um hidrofone para detectar uma reflexão ou uma refração da onda acústica fora de um objeto no furo de poço e transmitir um sinal associado a um dispositivo de processamento. a sensor system for use in a wellbore is provided and may include a piezoelectric transducer for transmitting an acoustic wave in a wellbore fluid positioned medium, repeatedly bending between two positions in response to an actuation signal. The piezoelectric transducer may include at least four piezoelectric layers stacked on top of one another. each of the four piezoelectric layers may be coupled to an adjacent layer by a bonding material. each of the four piezoelectric layers may include a piezoelectric material, an upper electrode coupled to an upper surface of the piezoelectric material and a lower electrode coupled to a lower surface of the piezoelectric material. The sensor system may also include a hydrophone for detecting acoustic wave reflection or refraction outside an object in the wellbore and transmitting a signal associated with a processing device.

Marine seismic vibrator for low frequency and methods of use

Disclosed are devices and methods for marine geophysical surveying. An example device may comprise a shell, a base plate, wherein the base plate is coupled to the shell, a driver disposed within the shell, an inner spring element disposed within the shell, wherein the inner spring element is coupled to the driver, wherein outer ends of the inner spring element are coupled to outer ends of the inner spring element at spring element junctions, an outer spring element disposed within the shell, wherein outer ends of the outer spring element are coupled to the spring element junctions, and a back mass disposed on the outer spring element.

Acoustic source with piezoelectric actuator array and stroke amplification for broad frequency range acoustic output

An acoustic energy source that amplifies the stroke of electrically reactive elements having a body with an elastomer filled first cavity, a highly incompressible fluid filling a second cavity, and bores intersecting the second cavity that extend radially outward from second cavity. Quill assemblies in the bores each include an electrically reactive element and a tip projecting radially into the second cavity. A dynamic yoke having a lower portion projecting into the second cavity, and a pressure disk projects into the first cavity. A diaphragm on the body and on a side of the dynamic yoke opposite its lower portion. A fluid forms a film between the dynamic yoke, static yoke and quill tips. Applying alternating electricity reciprocates the tips into and out of the second cavity; reciprocates the dynamic yoke and diaphragm to generate the acoustic energy.

Coherent sound source for marine seismic surveys

A coherent sound source is provided for marine seismic surveys. An exemplary underwater sound projector comprises a plurality of pistons actuated by an electromagnetic force generator having components comprising a stator, armatures, electrical coils, and permanent magnets. The pistons and the components are arranged to create mechanical and magnetic symmetry about a geometric center of the projector to reduce reaction loads that occur when the pistons are actuated. The stator and the armatures have magnetic poles that employ a tapered geometry. The projector optionally includes control systems to improve the fidelity of the force generator, provide pressure compensation to the pistons, finely adjust the static position of the pistons, and/or change the depth and roll when the projector is configured as a tow body. A plurality of such projectors can be configured in an array. An umbilical can connect the projectors to a vessel, transmit electrical power and compressed gas to each array element and/or provide a data transmission medium between the projector and the vessel.

Seismic source and wave detector integrated device and method for seismic wave exploration

A wave detector integrated device includes a support, protective shell and mode converter. The protective shell is installed on the support and rotates by the mode converter, and has a hollow cylindrical structure. A seismic source hammer is suspended at a protective shell central axis position. Electromagnetic accelerators are installed in a bus direction of the protective shell, and the seismic source hammer is connected with the electromagnetic accelerators. A drill bit type wireless transmission wave detector or standby flat bottom type wave detector is connected above the protective shell through a second telescopic rod having a driving device therein and driving the drill bit type wave detector to rotate. A power supply is installed inside the protective shell, and is connected with a current controller and circuit protection device. The current controller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic accelerators, drill bit type wave detector, driving device and mode converter.

用于表征地震声信号的系统和方法

一种用于对由浸没在流体中的地震振动器产生的地震声波场中的失真进行校正的方法，该方法包括：将导频信号应用于振动器，使得声波场从振动器外表面与流体之间的界面向外行进；使用位于流体内的传感器，以便对流体中的波场的特性是敏感的，从而监测波场的随时间变化的特性；以及使用所测量的特性来确定振动器的部件的随时间变化的湿体积V(t)的变化，或者确定振动器的部件的随时间变化的湿体积V(t)的导数的变化，并且使用所确定的湿体积V(t)或所确定的湿体积V(t)的导数来校正由振动器产生的地震数据中的失真。

Low cross feed marine sensors

A marine sensor system includes an enclosure that defines an interior volume. The enclosure is configured to be immersed in water. A sensor having a positive output node and a negative output node is disposed within the interior volume of the enclosure. A first parasitic capacitance between the positive output node and the enclosure is substantially equal to a second parasitic capacitance between the negative output node and the enclosure. A cross feed signal that is propagated through a path in water outside the enclosure is coupled to the output nodes in a balanced manner, which enables a differential amplifier to reject the cross feed noise.

一种震源位于拖缆下方的海洋地震探测系统及其方法

本发明公开了一种震源位于拖缆下方的海洋地震探测系统及其方法，属于海洋地震勘探领域。系统包括母船、震源、光电复合缆和独立式组合拖缆装置；母船通过光电复合缆与震源相连；独立式组合拖缆装置通过抱箍固定于光电复合缆上；独立式组合拖缆装置包括供电及采集单元、多道拖缆和阻力装置；首先根据勘探目标布设震源，然后通过调节抱箍在光电复合缆上的位置，固定多道拖缆的深度，最后调整抱箍与供电及采集单元之间的距离，使得震源位于多道拖缆中间位置的正下方。本发明一方面可以记录到对海底浅层结构成像至关重要的近(零)偏移距，另一方面能够获取不受鬼波影响的浅层高分辨率地震数据，进而可以有效改善海底浅层结构的成像效果。

Acoustic transducer with piezoelectric elements having different polarities

An acoustic transducer includes a substrate element having a first side, and a second side opposite the first side. The acoustic transducer also includes first and second piezoelectric elements coupled to the first side, and third and fourth piezoelectric elements coupled to the second side. The first piezoelectric element has a first polarity, and the second piezoelectric element has a second polarity different than the first polarity. The third piezoelectric element has a third polarity, and the fourth piezoelectric element has a fourth polarity different than the third polarity.

Bender bar transducer with at least three resonance modes

Borehole fluid gel strength measurement

A method and systems for performing a borehole operation with a borehole fluid that includes applying an amplitude oscillation deformation force to a sample of the borehole fluid over a period of time, measuring the deformation force from the sample, determining a storage modulus of the borehole fluid over the period of time based on the measured deformation force, determining a gel strength of the borehole fluid by correlation with the storage modulus, comparing the gel strength with a desired gel strength and if the gel strength is outside of an acceptable range of the desired gel strength, adjusting a drilling parameter, a composition of the borehole fluid, or a combination thereof, and using the borehole fluid in the borehole operation. Determining the storage modulus and the gel strength may be done using a processor and the force may be applied using a piezoelectric device.