DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL DEVICE PROVIDING STRUCTURED LIGHT

A diffractive optical element including microstructures, along a surface of an optical material, having a phase profile to diffract input illumination into structured light of a plurality of different diffraction orders; wherein the phase profile is at least partially phase unwrapped is disclosed. Methods of generating the diffractive optical element is also disclosed. 1. A diffractive optical element comprising:microstructures, along a surface of an optical material, having a phase profile to diffract input illumination into structured light of a plurality of different diffraction orders;wherein the phase profile is at least partially phase unwrapped.3. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein the phase profile is less than completely unwrapped.4. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein the surface extends along one or two dimensions each orthogonal to a depth dimension along which the phase profile extends.5. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein the optical material is a single optical material.6. The diffractive optical element of claim 5 , wherein the surface of the single optical material is a first surface that is opposite a second surface of the single optical material.7. The diffractive optical element of claim 6 , wherein the second surface has microstructures that are the same as the microstructures along the first surface of the single optical material.8. The diffractive optical element of claim 6 , wherein the second surface has microstructures that are different from the microstructures along the first surface of the single optical material.9. The diffractive optical element of claim 6 , wherein the second surface is flat.10. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein the optical material is a composite optical material including two or more different optical materials.11. The diffractive optical element of claim 10 , wherein the composite has a first external surface that is opposite a second external ...

Double-sided imaging light guide with embedded dichroic filters

An imaging light guide has a waveguide formed as a coated substrate having first and second surface coatings. A first in-coupling diffractive optic on the first coating directs diffracted light of a first wavelength range into the waveguide along a first direction. A second in-coupling diffractive optic on the second coating directs diffracted light of a second wavelength range into the waveguide along a second different direction. A first dichroic patch between the first surface of the substrate and the first surface coating for (a) transmitting the first wavelength range, (b) transmitting the second wavelength range through a range of incidence angles, and (c) reflecting the second wavelength range through a higher range of incidence angles. A second dichroic patch between the second surface of the substrate and the second surface coating for transmitting the second wavelength range and reflecting the first wavelength range.

Diffraction Grating and Method for the Production Thereof

A diffraction grating includes a grating area having, in a direction running parallel to a substrate, a periodic arrangement of first areas with a first grating material and second areas with a second grating material. The first grating material and the second grating material are solid materials with different indices of refraction. A reflection-reducing or reflection-increasing layer system having at least two layers with different indices refraction. The reflection-reducing or reflection-increasing layer system is arranged on one side of the grating area facing away from the substrate, and an additional layer system having at least two layers with different indices of refraction is arranged between the substrate and the grating area. A method for producing the diffraction grating is also specified. 112-. (canceled)13. A diffraction grating , comprising:a substrate;a grating region comprising, in a direction extending parallel to the substrate, a periodic arrangement of first regions having a first grating material and second regions having a second grating material, wherein the first grating material and the second grating material are solid materials having different indices of refraction;a first layer system arranged on a side of the grating region facing away from the substrate, wherein the first layer system comprises a reflection-reducing or reflection-increasing layer system that has a plurality of layers having different indices of refraction; anda further layer system arranged between the substrate and the grating region and that has a plurality of layers having different indices of refraction.14. The diffraction grating according to claim 13 , wherein the diffraction grating is a transmission grating claim 13 , and wherein the first layer system and the further layer system are each reflection-reducing layer systems.15. The diffraction grating according to claim 13 , wherein the diffraction grating is a reflection grating and wherein the first layer ...

ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAM STEERING ANTENNA

Described embodiments include an electromagnetic beam steering apparatus. The apparatus includes a first planar refractive component including a first tangential refractive index gradient deflecting an electromagnetic beam at a first deflection angle. The apparatus includes a second planar refractive component including a second tangential refractive index gradient deflecting an electromagnetic beam at a second deflection angle. The apparatus includes an electromagnetic beam steering structure configured to independently rotate the first planar refractive component and the second planar refractive component about a coaxial axis such that an electromagnetic beam incident on the first planar refractive component exits the second planar refractive component as a steered electromagnetic beam. 1. An electromagnetic beam steering apparatus comprising:a first planar refractive component including a first tangential refractive index gradient deflecting an electromagnetic beam at a first deflection angle;a second planar refractive component including a second tangential refractive index gradient deflecting an electromagnetic beam at a second deflection angle; andan electromagnetic beam steering structure configured to independently rotate the first planar refractive component and the second planar refractive component about a coaxial axis such that an electromagnetic beam incident on the first planar refractive component exits the second planar refractive component as a steered electromagnetic beam.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic beam includes a radiofrequency electromagnetic beam.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic beam includes a light wavelength electromagnetic beam.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first planar refractive component includes two opposed generally planar and parallel major surfaces and a thickness less than the free-space wavelength of the electromagnetic beam.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein a ...

TRANSMISSION DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENT AND MEASURING DEVICE

A transmission diffractive optical element formed of quartz for a wavelength of 0.8 μm band, wherein a refractive index of the quartz is n, a wavelength of light entering a diffraction grating is λ (nm), a pitch of the diffraction grating is p (nm), a depth of the diffraction grating is D (μm), and a duty ratio in which a width of the diffraction grating is divided by the pitch is α, wherein the pitch and the depth and the duty ratio of the diffraction grating satisfy a predetermined condition for acquiring high diffraction efficiency. 1. A transmission diffractive optical element formed of quartz for a wavelength of 0.8 μm band ,wherein a refractive index of the quartz is n, a wavelength of light entering a diffraction grating is λ (nm), a pitch of the diffraction grating is p (nm), a depth of the diffraction grating is D (μm), and a duty ratio in which a width of the diffraction grating is divided by the pitch is ═, [{'br': None, 'i': 'n×p<', '23λ,'}, {'br': None, 'i': D>', 'p', 'p+', '×p+, 'sup': −6×', '2', '−2×', '−4, '7.8638×10−1.4279×107.9734α>−8.5747×101.2328,'}, {'br': None, 'i': 'D>', 'sup': '2', '13.19×α−14.16×α+5.360, and'}, {'br': None, 'i': 'D<', 'sup': '2', '15.44×α−15.73×α+5.870.'}], 'wherein the pitch, the depth and the duty ratio of the diffraction grating satisfy following equations2. The transmission diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , whereina light quantity of a primary diffracted light among lights diffracted by the diffraction grating is a maximum, and an emitting angle of the primary diffracted light in a certain wavelength is equal to an incident angle of light entering the diffraction grating.3. The transmission diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein a center wavelength of light entering the diffraction grating is 840 nm to 880 nm.4. The transmission diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein a cross section of the diffraction grating is of a trapezoid shape claim 1 , and the duty ratio in ...

Laminate, personal verification medium, and method of producing the laminate

A laminate includes a diffraction layer that is optically transmissive and includes a diffraction part with a plurality of diffraction units being repetition of a diffraction unit in a direction extending the diffraction layer, each diffraction unit including at least one diffraction element with a reflective diffraction grating; and an absorption layer that is optically transmissive with a plurality of absorption parts for at least part of visible light, the absorption layer facing the diffraction layer with light passing between the diffraction layer and the absorption layer. The laminate has an observation side opposite where the diffraction layer faces the absorption layer; the diffraction layer has a surface serving as a front surface opposite to the surface facing the absorption layer; and in plan view perpendicular to the front surface of the diffraction layer, each of the absorption parts aligns with one of the diffraction elements.

Composite diffraction element, instrument, and image projection system

The present technology aims to provide a diffraction element that functions like a transmissive hologram, and more particularly, aims to provide a diffraction element suitable for forming an image projection system. The present technology provides a composite diffraction element that includes a stack structure including a first diffraction element, a second diffraction element, and a third diffraction element in this order. The second diffraction element diffractively reflects light that has passed through the first diffraction element and reached the second diffraction element, toward the first diffraction element. The first diffraction element diffractively reflects the light diffractively reflected by the second diffraction element, toward the third diffraction element. The third diffraction element transmits the light diffractively reflected by the first diffraction element, and diffractively reflects zeroth-order light that has passed through the first diffraction element and the second diffraction element.

STRUCTURED LIGHT GENERATION DEVICE AND DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENT THEREOF

A structured light generation device includes a laser light source module and a diffractive optical element. After a non-collimated light beam from the laser light source module is received by a diffraction layer of the diffractive optical element, the non-collimated light beam is modulated as an optical information-bearing light. Since no collimator is between the laser light source module and the diffractive optical element, the spacing distance between the laser light source module and the diffractive optical element is shortened. Consequently, the overall structured light generation device is slim. 2. The structured light generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical information-bearing light is a coded structured light.3. The structured light generation device according to claim 1 , further comprising a casing claim 1 , wherein the laser light source module and the diffractive optical element are accommodated within the casing claim 1 , and the optical information-bearing light is outputted from the structured light generation device through at least one light output zone of the casing.4. The structured light generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the diffractive optical element further comprises a light-transmissible substrate claim 1 , and the diffraction layer is disposed on a first surface of the light-transmissible substrate.5. The structured light generation device according to claim 4 , wherein the diffraction layer comprises plural microstructures.6. The structured light generation device according to claim 4 , wherein the first surface and a second surface of the light-transmissible substrate are concentric surfaces claim 4 , wherein the first surface of the light-transmissible substrate is arranged between the laser light source module and the second surface of the light-transmissible substrate claim 4 , or the second surface of the light-transmissible substrate is arranged between the laser light source module and the first ...

VEHICLE LAMP

A vehicle headlamp () includes: a light source (R, G, B) that emits light having a predetermined wavelength; a light distribution pattern forming optical system (R, G, B) that includes a collimator lens (R, G, B) and a diffraction grating (R, G, B) that change a traveling direction of at least some of pieces of light emitted from the light source (R, G, B), and emits light (L, L, L) having a predetermined light distribution pattern; and a vibration imparting unit (R, G, B) that relatively vibrates the light source (R, G, B) and the diffraction grating (R, G, B). 1. A vehicle lamp comprising:a light source that emits light having a predetermined wavelength;a light distribution pattern forming optical system that includes an optical element that changes a traveling direction of at least some of pieces of the light emitted from the light source, and emits light having a predetermined light distribution pattern; anda vibration imparting unit that relatively vibrates the light source and the optical element.2. The vehicle lamp according to claim 1 ,wherein the vibration imparting unit vibrates the optical element.3. The vehicle lamp according to claim 2 ,wherein the optical element is a diffraction grating.4. The vehicle lamp according to claim 2 ,wherein the vibration imparting unit imparts vibration to the optical element in two or more directions.5. The vehicle lamp according to claim 1 ,wherein the vibration imparting unit vibrates the light source.6. The vehicle lamp according to claim 2 ,wherein the vibration imparting unit is a vibrator.7. The vehicle lamp according to claim 2 ,wherein a frequency of vibration imparted by the vibration imparting unit is 15 Hz or higher.8. The vehicle lamp according to claim 1 , further comprisinga base on which the light source and the optical element are arranged,wherein the vibration imparting unit is an elastic body, andthe light source or the optical element is arranged on the base via the elastic body. The present invention ...

DEVICE COMPONENTS FORMED OF GEOMETRIC STRUCTURES

Various embodiments are directed to an apparatus and methods of forming and/or using an apparatus comprising a plurality of device components. An example method includes geometrically optimizing a periodic or aperiodic device comprising a plurality of device components by optimizing a topology, for each device component, from a starting point to have particular optical properties for a particular optical response. Each device component includes a plurality of geometric structures. The optimization includes selecting the starting point for a continuous profile to have the particular optical properties for the particular optical response, iteratively converging the continuous profile to a discrete profile, and, while iteratively converging to the discrete profile, adjusting edges between boundaries of the device components by accounting for fabrication constraints. 1. A method comprising:geometrically optimizing a periodic or aperiodic device comprising a plurality of device components, each device component including at least one layer of geometric structures, by optimizing a topology, for each device component, from a starting point to have particular optical properties for a particular optical response including:selecting the starting point for a continuous profile to have the particular optical properties for the particular optical response;iteratively converging the continuous profile to a discrete profile; andwhile iteratively converging to the discrete profile, adjusting edges between boundaries of the device components by accounting for fabrication constraints.2. The method of claim 1 , further including determining an optimized starting point for a topology of one or more of the device components including at least one layers of geometrical structures claim 1 , configured to have particular optical properties for a particular optical response.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each geometric structure includes or a geometric shape and size defined by same- ...

MULTI-LEVEL DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENT THIN FILM COATING

A transmissive optical element may include a substrate. The transmissive optical element may include a first anti-reflectance structure for a particular wavelength range formed on the substrate. The transmissive optical element may include a second anti-reflectance structure for the particular wavelength range formed on the first anti-reflectance structure. The transmissive optical element may include a third anti-reflectance structure for the particular wavelength range formed on the second anti-reflectance structure. The transmissive optical element may include at least one layer disposed between the first anti-reflectance structure and the second anti-reflectance structure or between the second anti-reflectance structure and the third anti-reflectance structure. 1. A transmissive optical element , comprising:a substrate;a first anti-reflectance structure for a particular wavelength range formed on the substrate;a second anti-reflectance structure for the particular wavelength range formed on the first anti-reflectance structure;a third anti-reflectance structure for the particular wavelength range formed on the second anti-reflectance structure; and 'wherein a first relief depth between a first surface of the first anti-reflectance structure and a second surface of the second anti-reflectance structure and a second relief depth between the first surface and a third surface of the third anti-reflectance structure are configured to form a diffractive optical element associated with a first phase delay and a second phase delay, respectively, for the particular wavelength range.', 'at least one layer disposed between the first anti-reflectance structure and the second anti-reflectance structure or between the second anti-reflectance structure and the third anti-reflectance structure,'}2. The transmissive optical element of claim 1 , wherein the first phase delay is a π/2 phase delay and the second phase delay is a π phase delay.3. The transmissive optical element of ...

LOW-CONTRAST METASURFACES

Disclosed herein are metasurfaces formed on a substrate from a plurality of posts. The metasurfaces are configured to be optically active at one or more wavelengths and in certain embodiments are configured to form lenses having unexpectedly strong focusing power. In particular, the metasurfaces are formed from “low-contrast” materials, including CMOS-compatible materials such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. Accordingly, the disclosed metasurfaces are generally CMOS compatible and therefore embody a new paradigm in metasurface design and manufacturing. 1a plurality of cylindrical posts formed from a first material and arranged on a substrate in a square pattern, wherein the plurality of cylindrical post are formed from a material having a first refractive index of 2.1 or less;interstices between individual posts of the plurality of cylindrical post comprising an interstitial substance with a second refractive index that is 0.6 to 1.1 less than the first refractive index;wherein the individual posts of the plurality of cylindrical posts have a diameter in a range of ⅛ of the first wavelength to ⅔ of the first wavelength;wherein the plurality of cylindrical posts have a periodicity in a range of 0.4 times the first wavelength to 1.0 times the first wavelength; andwherein the plurality of cylindrical posts have a thickness in a range of 0.5 times the first wavelength to 1.0 times the first wavelength.. A low-contrast metasurface having optical activity at a first wavelength, comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/758,686, filed Mar. 8, 2018, which is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/US2016/050793, filed Sep. 8, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/215,518, filed Sep. 8, 2015, and of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/342,121, filed May 26, 2016, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.Conventional transmissive macroscopic optical ...

MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES AND USES THEREOF IN SECURITY MARKINGS

A security marking has a physically unclonable function (PUF) wherein the PUF includes a disordered multilayer photonic crystal structure having an electromagnetic transmission and/or reflection spectrum and/or spectra upon receipt of electromagnetic radiation within a photonic bandgap region of the structure that is unique to the structure. 1. A method of producing a plurality of security markings , the method comprising:multilayer coextruding one or more polymer materials to form disordered and/or non-uniform polymer layers and multiplying the disordered and/or non-uniform polymer layers to form a film that has a randomness defined by disorder and/or non-uniformity within the film that result from the multilayer coextrusion and multiplying processes, wherein the film includes a plurality of regions and wherein each region has an electromagnetic transmission and/or reflection spectrum and/or spectra upon receipt of electromagnetic radiation within a photonic bandgap region of the film that is unique to the region of the film.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of regions are arranged along a length and/or width of the film and each region extends the thickness of the film.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the regions to provide a plurality of separated film regions claim 1 , wherein the plurality of separated film regions define at least a portion of the plurality of security markings.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the film includes polymer layers with dissimilar indices of refraction.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer coextrusion and multiplying processes produce a plurality of first polymer layers of a first polymer material and second polymer layers of a second polymer material that are stacked.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first polymer layers and the second polymer layers are randomly stacked and/or the thicknesses of at least some of the plurality of the first polymer layers or the second polymer ...

DOE defect monitoring utilizing total internal reflection

An optical apparatus includes a diffractive optical element (DOE), having at least one optical surface, a side surface, which is not parallel to the at least one optical surface of the DOE, and a grating, which is formed on the at least one optical surface so as to receive and diffract first radiation that is incident on the grating. The apparatus further includes at least one secondary radiation source, which is configured to direct second radiation to impinge on the side surface, causing at least part of the second radiation to propagate within the DOE while diffracting internally from the grating and to exit through the side surface. The apparatus also includes at least one radiation detector, which is positioned so as to receive and sense an intensity of the second radiation that has exited through the side surface. 1. Optical apparatus , comprising: at least one optical surface;', 'a side surface, wherein the side surface is not parallel to the at least one optical surface of the DOE; and', 'a grating, which is formed on the at least one optical surface so as to receive and diffract first radiation that is incident on the grating;, 'a diffractive optical element (DOE), comprisingat least one secondary radiation source, which is configured to direct second radiation to impinge on a first location on the side surface, causing at least part of the second radiation to propagate within the DOE while diffracting internally from the grating and to exit through at least one second location on the side surface; andat least one radiation detector, which is positioned in proximity to the at least one second location so as to receive and sense an intensity of the second radiation that has exited through the side surface.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the side surface is perpendicular to the at least one optical surface of the DOE.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one radiation detector comprises a front surface that is in contact ...

DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF

A diffractive optical element includes at least two diffractive structures situated next to one another, having differing functionalities, and being configured to, responsive to being irradiated independently of one another with incoherent laser light from beams of their respectively coupled laser sources, generate respective diffraction patterns that do not interfere with one another and that combine as an overall diffraction pattern in a far field. A method is provided for manufacturing such a diffractive optical element. 1. A diffractive optical element comprising:at least two diffractive structures situated next to one another and configured to, responsive to being irradiated independently of one another with incoherent laser light, generate respective diffraction patterns that combine as an overall diffraction pattern in a far field in which the respective diffraction patterns do not interfere with one another.2. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction patterns generated in the far field are situated next to one another in an at least partially superimposed manner.3. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein each pair of immediately adjacent ones of the diffractive structures differ in an active order by at least one diffraction order.4. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein each of the respective diffraction patterns generated by the diffractive structures is a plurality of spaced apart rows made up of individual spots claim 1 , and the overall diffraction pattern forms a closed field made up of individual directly abutting single spots.5. The diffractive optical element of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the diffractive structures includes a weakening filter configured to vary an intensity of the respective diffraction pattern generated by the respective diffractive structure.6. A method for manufacturing a diffractive optical element claim 1 , the method comprising:a) establishing a target distribution ...

Diffraction Grating and Method of Manufacture

A method including forming a substrate to form a template which includes areas of high relief and areas of low relief; and forming a high refractive index diffraction grating in the template by adding high refractive index material to the template to form a continuous low relief surface. The high refractive index material fills the areas of low relief and covers the areas of high relief of the template to form a high refractive index diffraction grating. The high refractive index diffraction grating includes the high refractive index material configured to have a low relief side corresponding to the continuous low relief surface and configured by the template to have a periodic side including areas of high relief and areas of low relief which periodically alternate in the first direction with the first periodicity and are interconnected by the high refractive index material.

Display Panel and Display Device

A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate that disposed opposite to each other, and a first optical film that provided on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate. The first optical film is provided with a plurality of nanoscale microstructures, so that the first optical film is capable of splitting incident white light into a plurality of monochromatic light beams with different colors.

OPTICAL ELEMENT

An optical element includes a transmission diffraction portion, which reflective portions and transmissive portions. The reflective portions are arranged at equal intervals along a given axis. Each reflective portion reflects light included in the visible light. The light reflected by the reflective portions forms a reflection image. The transmissive portions transmit the visible light. Each transmissive portion is sandwiched by two corresponding reflective portions that are adjacent to each other along the given axis. At least part of each reflective portion forms the reflection image by rendering a reflection angle of the light reflected by the reflective portions different from an angle of light incident on the reflective portions. The transmission diffraction portion forms diffracted images having different colors with diffracted light that is produced by diffracting light transmitted through the transmissive portions in a predetermined direction. 1. An optical element comprising a transmission diffraction portion , which includesa plurality of reflective portions arranged at equal intervals along a given axis, wherein each of the reflective portions reflects light included in visible light, and the light reflected by the reflective portions forms a reflection image, anda plurality of transmissive portions, each sandwiched by two corresponding reflective portions that are adjacent to each other along the given axis, wherein the transmissive portions transmit the visible light, whereinat least part of each reflective portion forms the reflection image by rendering a reflection angle of the light reflected by the reflective portions different from an angle of light incident on the reflective portions, andthe transmission diffraction portion forms a plurality of diffraction images having different colors with diffraction light that is produced by diffracting light transmitted through the transmissive portions in a predetermined direction.2. The optical element ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FORMING A DIFFRACTION GRATING AND PRINTED ARTICLE INCLUDING A DIFFRACTION GRATING

A method of forming an article including a diffraction grating includes forming a periodic structure by printing lines on a first side of transparent substrate with a toner. The lines have a frequency and a spacing which causes incident light to be diffracted into a plurality of beams travelling in different directions. The method can be used for forming reflective or transmissive diffraction gratings using xerographic printing techniques. 1. A method of forming an article comprising a diffraction grating comprising:forming a periodic structure by printing lines on a first side of transparent substrate with a toner, the lines having a frequency and a spacing which causes incident light to be diffracted into a plurality of beams travelling in different directions.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent substrate comprises a flexible polymer sheet.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flexible polymer sheet has a thickness of no greater than 0.5 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the printing comprises xerographic printing.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lines have a pitch of no greater than 0.3 mm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lines have a pitch of no greater than 0.2 mm.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising storing a vector pattern cell in memory claim 1 , generating an array comprising multiple instances of the vector pattern cell in memory and printing the printing lines in accordance with the array.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the vector pattern cell includes portions of at least two lines claim 7 , each portion being one pixel in width and being spaced from the portion of the next line by at least two pixels.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of:covering the first side of the printed transparent substrate with at least one transparent layer; andbacking a second side of printed transparent substrate with a reflective layer.10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising joining the printed ...

REPLICA OPTICAL ELEMENT

A replica optical element reduces stray light and is manufactured by the method comprising steps of: forming a mold-releasing agent film, forming a metal film, adhering, by which a top-surface of the metal film and an undersurface of a glass substrate, preparing a reflection optical element, removing the glass substrate from a mold and, if a refractive index relative to D-line of the glass is n1 and a refractive index relative to D-line of the adhesive resin is n2, then a vertical reflectivity R meets a following formula (1). 1. A replica optical element , manufactured by a method , the method comprising steps of:providing a groove surface of a mold for an optical element;forming a mold-releasing agent film, as a grooved mold-releasing agent film, on said groove surface of said mold; 'said metal film having a top-surface;', 'forming a metal film, as a grooved metal film, on said mold-releasing film;'}providing a glass substrate having an underside surface;adhering by an adhesive resin, said top-surface of said metal film and said undersurface of a glass substrate;preparing a replica reflection optical element as said replica optical element, by a first step of removing said glass substrate from said mold and a second step of removing said adhesive resin layer and said metal film from said mold; and{'sub': 1', '2, 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'i': R', 'n', '−n', 'n', '+n, 'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'sup': 2', '2', '−5, '=()/()≤1.0×10\u2003\u2003(1)'}, 'wherein if a refractive index relative to a sodium D-line of said glass substrate is nand a refractive index relative to a sodium D-line of said adhesive resin is n, a vertical reflectivity R meets a following formula (1).'}2. The replica optical element claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein: {'br': None, 'i': 'S≤', '1.0 (nm Rms)\u2003\u2003(2)'}, 'a plane roughness S of said glass substrate meets a following formula (2).'}3. The replica optical element claim 2 , according to claim 2 , wherein:said adhesive resin ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

Embodiments are disclosed for configurations of optical components in a display device. An example display device includes a transparent outer layer including a first transparent panel and a second transparent panel, a display layer comprising a first display panel and a second display panel, and a gap positioned between the first display panel and the second display panel. The example display device also includes a first redirecting optical element positioned between the first transparent panel and the first display panel and a second redirecting optical element positioned between the second transparent panel. 1. A display device comprising:a transparent outer layer including a first transparent panel and a second transparent panel;a display layer comprising a first display panel and a second display panel;a gap positioned between the first display panel and the second display panel;a first redirecting optical element positioned between the first transparent panel and the first display panel; anda second redirecting optical element positioned between the second transparent panel and the second display panel.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein a first region of the first display is located beneath the first redirecting optical element and the first region is curved.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , for each of the first display panel and the second display panel claim 2 , the redirecting optical element positioned between the transparent outer layer and that display panel extends from the gap toward a second region of that display panel along a plane that is parallel to the second region of that display panel and terminates such that light exiting the second region of the display panel does not pass through the first redirecting optical element.4. The display device of claim 2 , wherein the first redirecting optical element is configured to direct light emitted from the first region of the first display panel toward an eye of a user of the ...

Microstructure enhanced absorption photosensitive devices

Techniques for enhancing the absorption of photons in semiconductors with the use of microstructures are described. The microstructures, such as pillars and/or holes, effectively increase the effective absorption length resulting in a greater absorption of the photons. Using microstructures for absorption enhancement for silicon photodiodes and silicon avalanche photodiodes can result in bandwidths in excess of 10 Gb/s at photons with wavelengths of 850 nm, and with quantum efficiencies of approximately 90% or more.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING VIRTUAL CONTENT DISPLAY WITH A VIRTUAL OR AUGMENTED REALITY APPARATUS

Several unique configurations for interferometric recording of volumetric phase diffractive elements with relatively high angle diffraction for use in waveguides are disclosed. Separate layer EPE and OPE structures produced by various methods may be integrated in side-by-side or overlaid constructs, and multiple such EPE and OPE structures may be combined or multiplexed to exhibit EPE/OPE functionality in a single, spatially-coincident layer. Multiplexed structures reduce the total number of layers of materials within a stack of eyepiece optics, each of which may be responsible for displaying a given focal depth range of a volumetric image. Volumetric phase type diffractive elements are used to offer properties including spectral bandwidth selectivity that may enable registered multi-color diffracted fields, angular multiplexing capability to facilitate tiling and field-of-view expansion without crosstalk, and all-optical, relatively simple prototyping compared to other diffractive element forms, enabling rapid design iteration.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING VIRTUAL CONTENT DISPLAY WITH A VIRTUAL OR AUGMENTED REALITY APPARATUS

Several unique configurations for interferometric recording of volumetric phase diffractive elements with relatively high angle diffraction for use in waveguides are disclosed. Separate layer EPE and OPE structures produced by various methods may be integrated in side-by-side or overlaid constructs, and multiple such EPE and OPE structures may be combined or multiplexed to exhibit EPE/OPE functionality in a single, spatially-coincident layer. Multiplexed structures reduce the total number of layers of materials within a stack of eyepiece optics, each of which may be responsible for displaying a given focal depth range of a volumetric image. Volumetric phase type diffractive elements are used to offer properties including spectral bandwidth selectivity that may enable registered multi-color diffracted fields, angular multiplexing capability to facilitate tiling and field-of-view expansion without crosstalk, and all-optical, relatively simple prototyping compared to other diffractive element forms, enabling rapid design iteration. 1. An apparatus for generating stereoscopic images for virtual reality and/or augmented reality , comprising:an in-coupling optical device to receive input light beams;first diffractive elements in the apparatus to deflect a propagation direction of a first portion of the input light beams from the in-coupling optical device into a first direction toward second diffractive elements; andan eyepiece to propagate a second portion of the input light beams through the second diffractive elements having a second orientation to produce stereoscopic images on one or more focal planes to an observer.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second diffractive elements comprise exit pupil expansion structures or expanders claim 1 , and the first diffractive elements comprise orthogonal pupil expansion structures or expanders.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first diffractive elements or the second diffractive elements include a host medium ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN IMPROVED CAMERA SYSTEM USING DIRECTIONAL OPTICS TO ESTIMATE DEPTH

System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to a camera system. In one embodiment, the camera system includes a lens to receive light associated with an object and a first component, operatively connected to the lens, that inverts the light. The camera system also includes a second component, operatively connected to the first component, that resolves an angle of the light. A detector array, operatively connected to the second component, senses the light using a pixel to form an image to estimate depth of the object. 1. A camera system comprising:a lens to receive light associated with an object;a first component, operatively connected to the lens, that inverts the light;a second component, operatively connected to the first component, having physical characteristics that resolve an angle of the light for offsets from a planar feature of the light; anda detector array, operatively connected to the second component, that senses the light using a pixel and combines the light with resolved lightwaves to form a patterned representation of aggregated image data incorporating overlapping views of the object within an expanded field-of-view, wherein the pixel is associated with an area of the second component and the pixel captures in part a directed view of the object to estimate depth.2. The camera system of claim 1 , wherein the patterned representation has depth information and resolution that varies among the overlapping views and the expanded field-of-view.3. The camera system of claim 1 , further comprising:a color filter operatively connected to the lens and the first component, wherein the color filter is associated with a wavelength of the light and wherein the second component is a resonant waveguide grating (RWG) that resolves the angle of the light.4. The camera system of claim 3 , wherein the RWG is a bandpass filter that transmits the light to the pixel at the wavelength and the angle.5. The camera system of claim 1 , wherein the patterned ...

OPTICAL CROSS-COUPLING MITIGATION SYSTEMS FOR WAVELENGTH BEAM COMBINING LASER SYSTEMS

In various embodiments, wavelength beam combining laser systems incorporate optical cross-coupling mitigation systems and/or engineered partially reflective output couplers in order to reduce or substantially eliminate unwanted back-reflection of stray light. 130.-. (canceled)31. A wavelength beam combining laser system comprising:a plurality of beam emitters each emitting one or more beams;a dispersive element for receiving and dispersing the beams;a non-slit-based cross-coupling mitigation system for receiving and transmitting the dispersed beams while reducing cross-coupling thereof; anda partially reflecting output coupler positioned to receive the dispersed beams, transmit a first portion thereof as a multi-wavelength output beam, and reflect a second portion thereof back to the plurality of beam emitters.32. The system of claim 31 , wherein at least a portion of the cross-coupling mitigation system is disposed within a Rayleigh range of the dispersed beams from the dispersive element.33. The system of claim 31 , wherein the partially reflecting output coupler is disposed within a Rayleigh range of beams transmitted by the cross-coupling mitigation system.34. The system of claim 31 , wherein the cross-coupling mitigation system comprises an afocal telescope.35. The system of claim 31 , wherein the cross-coupling mitigation system comprises a first optical element and a second optical element claim 31 , the first optical element being disposed optically upstream of the second optical element.36. The system of claim 35 , wherein the first optical element is disposed within a Rayleigh range of the dispersed beams from the dispersive element.37. The system of claim 35 , wherein the partially reflecting output coupler is disposed within a Rayleigh range of beams transmitted by the second optical element.38. The system of claim 35 , wherein a focal length of the first optical element is at least two times greater than a focal length of the second optical element.39. ...

METASURFACES WITH ASYMETRIC GRATINGS FOR REDIRECTING LIGHT AND METHODS FOR FABRICATING

An optical system comprises an optically transmissive substrate comprising a metasurface which comprises a grating comprising a plurality of unit cells. Each unit cell comprises a laterally-elongated first nanobeam having a first width; and a laterally-elongated second nanobeam spaced apart from the first nanobeam by a gap, the second nanobeam having a second width larger than the first width. A pitch of the unit cells is 10 nm to 1 μm. The heights of the first and the second nanobeams are: 10 nm to 450 nm where a refractive index of the substrate is more than 3.3; and 10 nm to 1 μm where the refractive index is 3.3 or less. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for forming a metasurface , the method comprising:providing an optically transmissive substrate; a laterally-elongated first nanobeam having a first width; and', 'a laterally-elongated second nanobeam spaced apart from the first nanobeam by a gap, the second nanobeam having a second width larger than the first width,, 'forming a grating comprising a plurality of unit cells across a major surface of the substrate, each unit cell comprising, as seen in a top-down viewdepositing a layer of optically transmissive spacer material in the gap and between the unit cells; anddepositing a reflective layer on the layer of spacer material, wherein the spacer material separates the grating from the reflective layer.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the spacer material has a refractive index of 1 to 2.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the reflective layer comprises aluminum.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein forming the grating comprises:depositing an optically transmissive layer over the substrate; andpatterning the optically transmissive layer to define the grating.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein patterning the optically transmissive layer comprises:providing a resist layer over the optically transmissive layer;defining a pattern in the resist layer; andtransferring the pattern from the resist layer to the optically ...

TIR IMAGE DISPLAY WITH AN INDEX PERTURBATION ARRAY

Maximizing brightness in conventional total internal reflection image displays may lead to more applications where they may be used. A refractive index perturbation array may be used to enhance the brightness. Control of the size, spacing and refractive index in an index perturbation array layer may lead controlled diffraction of light and lead to enhanced brightness in total internal reflection image displays. 1. An apparatus to display a Totally-Internally Reflected (TIR) image , comprising:a bottom support layer;a front sheet having an index perturbation array (IPA), wherein the array is defined by a plurality of non-absorptive varying refractive index regions with each region diffracting an incoming ray of light differently than at least one other region in the array and wherein each region of the array comprises a different refractive index than at least one other region; anda transparent layer deposited over the IPA layer.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the IPA defines a contiguous substrate.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display comprises a low index of refraction medium further having electrophoretically mobile particles.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an incident light is re-directed by the IPA such that the angle of the re-directed light is directed toward the interface of a sheet of high refractive index and a low refractive index medium.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transparent layer further comprises one or more of glass claim 1 , transparent polymer or a composite of inorganic particles dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the array of non-absorptive refractive index variation defines a Bragg grating to diffract an incident light ray into one or more diffracted rays.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of regions includes a first region having a high refractive index and a second region having a low refractive index and wherein the difference between the ...

Diffraction grating array for wide-angle illumination

An incident optical beam illuminates a subset of contiguous array of diffraction gratings on a substrate and produces one or more diffracted output beams. The grating array can be arranged so that (i) multiple incident beams result in a contiguous composite solid angle of far-field illumination, (ii) multiple output beams arising from any one incident beam do not overlap in the far field, or (iii) both. The gratings of the array can be arranged to produce a desired far-field illumination intensity profile. The grating array can be arranged so as to suppress or eliminate laser speckle arising from the output beams.

DEVICE COMPONENTS FORMED OF GEOMETRIC STRUCTURES

Various embodiments are directed to an apparatus and methods of forming and/or using an apparatus comprising a plurality of device components. An example method includes geometrically optimizing a periodic or aperiodic device comprising a plurality of device components by optimizing a topology, for each device component, from a starting point to have particular optical properties for a particular optical response. Each device component includes a plurality of geometric structures. The optimization includes selecting the starting point for a continuous profile to have the particular optical properties for the particular optical response, iteratively converging the continuous profile to a discrete profile, and, while iteratively converging to the discrete profile, adjusting edges between boundaries of the device components by accounting for fabrication constraints. 1. An apparatus comprising:each of a plurality of device componentsincluding at least one layer of geometric structures,being vertically etched relatively to plane along which a portion of the at least layer is directed,forming a metagrating, andhaving optical properties for a particular optical response that is optimized to control an attribute of light, in terms of one or more of an amount or amplitude of light and a phase of light, across a broadband spectrum, wherein the plurality of device components are shaped to manipulate light defined in a particular wavelength range based on the shapes and sizes of the geometric structures.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein for each of the plurality of device components claim 1 , the optical properties for a particular optical response are configured or optimized to control an amount or amplitude of light across the broadband spectrum claim 1 , wherein the broadband spectrum includes light in one or more of the following categories: visible light claim 1 , infrared and near-infrared light.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein for each of the plurality of device ...

METASURFACES WITH ASYMETRIC GRATINGS FOR REDIRECTING LIGHT AND METHODS FOR FABRICATING

An optical system comprises an optically transmissive substrate comprising a metasurface which comprises a grating comprising a plurality of unit cells. Each unit cell comprises a laterally-elongated first nanobeam having a first width; and a laterally-elongated second nanobeam spaced apart from the first nanobeam by a gap, the second nanobeam having a second width larger than the first width. A pitch of the unit cells is 10 nm to 1 μm. The heights of the first and the second nanobeams are: 10 nm to 450 nm where a refractive index of the substrate is more than 3.3; and 10 nm to 1 μm where the refractive index is 3.3 or less. 1. An optical system comprising: [ a laterally-elongated first nanobeam having a first width; and', 'a laterally-elongated second nanobeam spaced apart from the first nanobeam by a gap, the second nanobeam having a second width larger than the first width; and, 'a grating comprising a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell comprising, as seen in a top-down view, 'a reflector, wherein the reflector and the substrate are on opposite sides of the grating., 'an optically transmissive substrate comprising a metasurface, the metasurface comprising2. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the reflector is spaced apart from the grating.3. The optical system of claim 2 , wherein the grating is embedded in an optically transmissive material.4. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the optically transmissive material spaces the reflector apart from the grating.5. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises: a laterally-elongated third nanobeam; and', 'a laterally-elongated fourth nanobeam spaced apart from the third nanobeam by a gap, wherein the fourth nanobeam is wider than the third nanobeam., 'a second grating comprising a plurality of second unit cells, each second unit cell comprising, as seen in a top-down view, 'a second metasurface on a side of the substrate opposite the metasurface, the second metasurface comprising6. The ...

STRUCTURED LIGHT GENERATION DEVICE AND DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENT THEREOF

A structured light generation device includes a laser light source module and a diffractive optical element. After a non-collimated light beam from the laser light source module is received by a diffraction layer of the diffractive optical element, the non-collimated light beam is modulated as an optical information-bearing light. Since no collimator is between the laser light source module and the diffractive optical element, the spacing distance between the laser light source module and the diffractive optical element is shortened. Consequently, the overall structured light generation device is slim. 1. A structured light generation device , comprising:a laser light source module comprising a light source, wherein the light source emits a non-collimated light beam; anda diffractive optical element comprising a diffraction layer, wherein after the non-collimated light beam from the laser light source module is received by the diffraction layer, the non-collimated light beam is modulated as an optical information-bearing light,wherein an optical axis of the light source and the diffractive optical element is non-linear.2. The structured light generation device according to claim 1 , further comprising a reflective mirror claim 1 , wherein after the non-collimated light beam from the laser light source module is projected to the reflective mirror claim 1 , the non-collimated light beam is reflected to the diffractive optical element by the reflective mirror.3. The structured light generation device according to claim 2 , wherein there is a first distance between the light source and the reflective mirror along the optical axis claim 2 , and there is a second distance between the reflective mirror and the diffractive optical element along the optical axis claim 2 , wherein a total distance of the first distance and the second distance is in a range between 0 mm and 7 mm. This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/161,258, filed ...

OBJECTIVE LENS ELEMENT

An objective lens element which has excellent compatibility with optical discs having different base material thicknesses is provided. An objective lens element has optically functional surfaces on an incident side and an exit side. Either one of the optically functional surfaces is divided into an inner part B including a rotational symmetry axis and an outer part F which is a ring-shaped region surrounding the inner part B. On the inner part B, a plurality of discontinuous steps are provided. The plurality of steps change in height in the same direction from the optical axis toward the outer part, and each of the steps causes a constant optical path difference longer than the wavelength λto the first incident light beam and causes a constant optical path difference shorter than the wavelength λto the second incident light beam 1. An objective lens element which has optically functional surfaces on an incident side and an exit side , which converges a first incident light beam of a wavelength λthrough a base plate having a thickness tto form a spot , and which converges a second incident light beam of a wavelength λlonger than the wavelength λthrough a base plate having a thickness tlarger than the thickness tto form a spot , whereinat least either one of the optical function surfaces is a refractive surface which deflects the first and second incident light beams by refractive power all over the surface, the at least either one of the optical function surfaces being divided into an inner part which includes a rotational symmetry axis and through which the first and second incident light beams that substantially contribute to spot formation pass, and an outer part which is a ring-shaped region surrounding the inner part and through which only the first incident light beam that substantially contributes to spot formation passes, and the at least either one of the optical function surfaces having a plurality of discontinuous steps on the inner part, and{'sub': 1', '2 ...

DIFFRACTIVE AND PRISMATIC OLED WIRELESS AND LED WIRELESS UNDERWATER POOL LIGHT SOURCES

The systems and methods described herein relate to wireless solid-state semiconductor illumination devices, such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and/or light emitting diodes (LEDs), configured in arrays capable of generating light via a diffractive transmission layer and prismatic surfaces for illumination purposes. The OLEDs, or LEDs, can be deployed in arrays yielding a variety of geometrical configurations such as linear arrays, square arrays, pentagonal arrays, hexagonal arrays, octagonal arrays, other polygonal arrays, and arrays approaching a circular configuration. One of the features of these solid-state semiconductor (OLED and LED) illumination arrays is that they are driven by immediately adjacent battery power sources, they are wireless, and can controlled remotely. 1. A remotely controlled , wireless , battery powered , waterproof , solid-state semiconductor light-emitting device , comprising:an array of N OLEDs, covered by a transmission diffraction grating, and a prismatic output optical window.2. The light-emitting device of wherein the array of N OLEDs is linear.3. The light-emitting device of wherein the array of N OLEDs forms a polygonal geometry.4. The light-emitting device of wherein the array of N OLEDs forms a circular geometry.5. The light-emitting device of wherein the illumination is provided by a single (N=1) large area OLED.6. A remotely controlled claim 1 , wireless claim 1 , battery powered claim 1 , waterproof claim 1 , solid-state semiconductor light-emitting device claim 1 , comprising:an array of N OLEDs, covered by a transmission diffraction grating, and a lens output optical window.7. The light-emitting device of wherein the array of N OLEDs is linear.8. The light-emitting device of wherein the array of N OLEDs forms a polygonal geometry.9. The light-emitting device of wherein the array of N OLEDs claim 6 , or N LEDs claim 6 , forms a circular geometry.10. The light-emitting device of wherein the illumination is provided ...

Fresnel Zone Plate

A Fresnel zone plate is provided for encountering incident light having a wavelength. The Fresnel zone plate has a focal length and a wafer including alternating transparent and opaque zones, and a mounting surface. A plurality of silicon nanowires extend into opaque zone of the wafer. A mechanically stretchable turning structure is mounted to the mounting surface such that stretching of the tuning structure varies the focal length of the Fresnel zone plate. 1. A Fresnel zone plate for encountering incident light having a wavelength. comprising:a first set of rings radially spaced about a central axis, the first set of rings being transparent;a second set of rings radially spaced about the central axis, each ring of the second set of rings including a surface lying in a plane perpendicular to the central axis and being opaque; anda plurality of silicon nanowires extending into at least one of the surfaces of the second set of rings.2. The Fresnel zone plate of wherein each of the plurality of silicon nanowires is spaced from an adjacent one of the plurality of silicon nanowires by a distance claim 1 , the distance being less than the wavelength of the incident light.3. The Fresnel zone plate of further comprising a mounting surface spaced from and generally parallel to the surfaces of the second set of rings and a tuning structure mounted to the mounting surface.4. The Fresnel zone plate of wherein the tuning structure includes a plate wherein mechanically stretching of the plate adjusts a focal length of the Fresnel zone plate.5. The Fresnel zone plate of wherein the plate is fabricated from an elastomer.6. The Fresnel zone plate of wherein the plate is transparent.7. The Fresnel zone plate of wherein the plurality of silicon nanowires have lengths claim 1 , the lengths of the plurality of silicon nanowires are in the range of 1 micrometer to 6 micrometers.8. A Fresnel zone plate for encountering incident light having a wavelength claim 1 , the Fresnel zone plate ...

FORMING AN OPTICAL GRATING WITH AN APPARATUS PROVIDING AN ADJUSTABLE INTERFERENCE PATTERN

An apparatus for use with a pulsed laser source for forming an optical grating in a target includes an adjustable telescope having an element with a negative optical power, for generation of a diverging optical beam, so that the optical beam has adjustable divergence upon exiting the telescope while focusing of light inside the telescope is avoided. A transmission diffraction grating is disposed in the optical beam exiting the telescope, for forming an optical interference pattern on the target. Optical gratings with different grating periods may be formed by adjusting the divergence of the optical beam exiting the telescope. Lack of tight focal spots inside the telescope enables use of ultrashort pulse duration, high peak intensity laser sources. 1. An apparatus for forming an optical grating in a target extending in a first direction , the apparatus comprising:a telescope comprising:a first optical element having negative optical power in a first plane including the first direction, for receiving a first optical beam and for forming a diverging optical beam therefrom; anda second optical element having positive optical power in the first plane, disposed downstream of the first optical element, for receiving the diverging optical beam and for forming a second optical beam therefrom;a telescope support for supporting the first and second optical elements, the telescope support comprising a movable portion for adjusting a divergence of the second optical beam by adjusting a distance between the first and second optical elements; anda transmission diffraction grating disposed downstream of the telescope, for receiving the second optical beam and for splitting the second optical beam into first and second sub-beams;wherein in operation, when the first optical beam is received by the first optical element, the first and second sub-beams overlap on the target and form an optical interference pattern on the target for forming the optical grating therein, wherein the ...

CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM DEVICE, OPTICAL DEVICE, IRRADIATION METHOD, DIFFRACTION GRATING SYSTEM, AND DIFFRACTION GRATING

The outer shape and size of a diffraction grating including an edge dislocation is made smaller than the irradiation areas of light waves and electromagnetic waves, by using an opener different from in the diffraction grating, the shape and size of the opening is superposed on the shape of a spiral wave that is generated by an edge dislocation diffraction grating, and the shape and size of the opening are reflected in the shape and size of the spiral wave on the diffractive surface. In addition, not only a diffraction grating system including a pair of a single opener and a single diffraction grating, but also a diffraction grating system in which plural openers and plural edge dislocation diffraction gratings are combined are used, and plural spiral waves can be generated on the diffractive surface with a higher degree of freedom. 1. A charged particle beam apparatus comprising:a diffraction grating including an edge dislocation on a grating plane; anda control unit that irradiates the diffraction grating with charged particle beams,wherein the control unit irradiates the grating plane with only some of an irradiation area of the charged particle beam, andwherein some of the irradiation area of the charged particle beam includes an edge dislocation of the diffraction grating.2. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the control unit controls an irradiation portion of the charged particle beam so as to give momentum in a predetermined direction to an irradiated object, or controls the irradiation intensity of the charged particle beam so as to give momentum of a predetermined magnitude to the irradiated object.3. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein the control unit executes control of the irradiation portion or the irradiation intensity in a predetermined order.4. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the control unit measures the state of focus, based on the shape of a detected ...

Optical Systems and Methods Supporting Diverse Optical and Computational Functions

An imaging system includes multiple diffractive optical gratings disposed over a two-dimensional array of photosensitive pixels. The different gratings present different patterns and features that are tailored to produce point-spread responses that emphasize different properties of an imaged scene. The different responses are captured by the pixels, and data captured from the responses can be used separately or together to analyze aspects of the scene. The imaging systems can include circuitry to analyze the image data, and to support modes that select between point-spread responses, selections of the pixels, and algorithms for analyzing image data.

PHASE GRATING WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFIGURATION

A phase grating includes a substrate and a first dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a column and a plurality of rings. The top sides of the column and the top sides of the rings align with one another to form a flat plane. The column and the rings are concentric. 1. A phase grating , comprising:a substrate;a first dielectric layer having a bulge with a tapered side on said substrate; anda second dielectric layer disposed on said first dielectric layer and comprising a column and a plurality of rings, wherein the top sides of said column and of said rings align with one another to form a flat plane, said column and said rings are concentric and said rings are disposed on said tapered side of said bulge so that the height of each said ring is different.2. The phase grating of claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises an image sensor to correspond to said phase grating.3. The phase grating of claim 1 , wherein said first dielectric layer and said second dielectric layer has different etching selectivity.4. The phase grating of claim 1 , further comprising:an etching-stop layer disposed on said first dielectric layer.5. The phase grating of claim 4 , wherein said etching-stop layer is selected from the group consisting of nitride claim 4 , oxide and oxynitride.6. A phase grating claim 4 , comprising:a substrate;a first dielectric layer disposed on said substrate and comprising a column and a plurality of rings, wherein the top sides of said column and of said rings align with one another to form a flat plane, said column and said rings are concentric; anda plurality of annular trenches respectively sandwiched between said column and said rings so that the depths of any two annular trenches which are adjacent are different.7. The phase grating of claim 6 , wherein said substrate comprises an image sensor to correspond to said phase grating.8. The phase grating of claim 6 , wherein said annular trenches respectively ...

Lens with an Extended Range of Focus

The invention relates to a lens which has an extended range of focus, wherein the lens consists of a solid material, the optical surfaces of the lens are transparent and the lens has a focal power distribution. According to the invention, the focal power distribution F G of the lens ( 1 ), in relation to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis ( 10 ), changes as a function of the radial height r and of the azimuth angle phi of the aperture between a base value of the focal power F L not equal to zero and a maximum value F Smax . Hence, the focal power distribution emerges as F G ( r ,phi)= F L +F S ( r ,phi), with the spiral focal power component F S ( r ,phi)= F Smax ( r )* w (phi), where F Smax (r) depends nonlinearly on the radius and w(phi) is a factor for the focal power component with a spiral profile.

WAVELENGTH BEAM COMBINING LASER SYSTEMS UTILIZING PRISMS FOR BEAM QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND BANDWIDTH REDUCTION

In various embodiments, one or more prisms are utilized in a wavelength beam combining laser system to regulate beam size and/or to provide narrower wavelength bandwidth. 1. A wavelength beam combining laser system comprising:a beam emitter emitting a plurality of discrete beams;focusing optics for focusing the plurality of beams toward a diffraction grating;a diffraction grating for receiving and dispersing the received focused beams, wherein a focal plane of the beams defined by the focusing optics is angled with respect to a plane defined by the diffraction grating;a partially reflective output coupler positioned to receive the dispersed beams, transmit a portion of the dispersed beams therethrough as a multi-wavelength output beam, and reflect a second portion of the dispersed beams back toward the beam emitter; anddisposed optically downstream of the focusing optics and optically upstream of the diffraction grating, one or more first prisms for (i) receiving the beams on an entrance surface of one of the first prisms at an angle of incidence and (ii) transmitting the beams from an exit surface of one of the first prisms to the diffraction grating at an exit angle smaller than the angle of incidence, whereby (a) the resulting focal plane of the beams is rotated to be substantially coplanar with the plane defined by the diffraction grating and (b) the sizes of the beams incident on the diffraction grating are substantially equal to each other.2. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first prisms consist essentially of a single first prism having the entrance surface and the exit surface.3. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first prisms comprise a plurality of first prisms claim 1 , the entrance and exit surfaces being on different first prisms.4. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction grating is reflective claim 1 , whereby the diffracted beams from the diffraction grating are transmitted through at least one of ...

Cascade Method and Apparatus for Generating Increased Duality Modulation of Electromagnetic Radiation

A method and apparatus for increasing duality modulation of electromagnetic radiation beyond levels achievable by individual duality modulation generators where duality modulation imparts to radiation a disproportion of irradiance and wave intensity. Various techniques are disclosed for configuring a multiplicity of individual duality modulation generators in a cascade such that initially input radiation acquires cumulative increments of duality modulation upon traversing the cascade of individual generators. 1. A cascade generator for producing increased duality modulation of radiation comprising:a multiplicity of individual duality modulating generator stages in a cascade configuration of successive stages,wherein each stage includes a physical component having a stage input to which input radiation is selectively directed and a stage output from which radiation with an incrementally greater level of duality modulation is emitted;wherein output radiation from each successive stage is coupled the input of the next successive stage; andwherein selectively directed radiation at a first stage input of the cascade acquires an additional increment of duality modulation as that radiation transits each successive stage, whereby radiation from the output of a final stage acquires a multiplicity of increments of duality modulation.2. A cascade generator as defined in claim 1 , wherein the physical component of a single duality modulation generator provides the function of a multiplicity of such physical components by repeated redirection of radiation from the output of the single physical component back to the input of that physical component.3. A cascade generator as defined in claim 1 , wherein the functionality of individual stages to produce duality modulated radiation is adversely diminished by reflective interference of input radiation with collinearly reflected radiation from that stage; and whereby that reflective interference is remedied by a selective incremental ...

Display panel and display device

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display panel and a display device. The display panel of the present disclosure comprises matrix-arranged pixel units and a grating provided at a light-exiting surface side of the display panel. The grating comprises light blocking zones and light transmission zones provided alternately in a row, and the light blocking zones and light transmission zones are provided alternately in the order of light blocking zone and light transmission zone in one of two adjacent rows and in the order of light transmission zone and light blocking zone in the other of the two adjacent rows, wherein each of at least one light blocking zone blocks completely a pixel unit. The display panel of the disclosure can solve the problem of the moire phenomenon which is caused by the overlap of directions of the light blocking zones of the grating and the black matrix of the existing display panel. In addition, the display effect of the display panel of the disclosure is better.

Diffraction grating array for wide-angle illumination

An incident optical beam illuminates a subset of contiguous array of diffraction gratings on a substrate and produces one or more diffracted output beams. The grating array can be arranged so that (i) multiple incident beams result in a contiguous composite solid angle of far-field illumination, (ii) multiple output beams arising from any one incident beam do not overlap in the far field, or (iii) both. The gratings of the array can be arranged to produce a desired far-field illumination intensity profile. The grating array can be arranged so as to suppress or eliminate laser speckle arising from the output beams.

OPTICAL STRUCTURE FOR AUGMENTED REALITY DISPLAY

An augmented reality display is disclosed. A colour projector () emits an image in a narrow beam comprising three primary colours: red, green and blue. A pair of waveguides () is provided in the path of the projected beam. A first input grating () receives light from the projector () and diffracts the received light so that diffracted wavelengths of the light in first and second primary colours are coupled into the first waveguide (), and so that diffracted wavelengths of the light in second and third primary colours are coupled out of the first waveguide in a direction towards the second waveguide (). A second input diffraction grating () receives light coupled out of the first waveguide () and diffracts the second and third primary colours so that they are coupled into the second waveguide (). 2. The optical structure of claim 1 , wherein the first input diffractive optical element is a reflection diffraction grating.3. The optical structure of claim 1 , wherein the second input diffractive optical element is a transmission diffraction grating.4. The optical structure of claim 1 , wherein the first claim 1 , second and third primary colours are red claim 1 , green and blue respectively.5. An augmented reality display comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the optical structure of ; and'}a projector configured to direct light with first, second and third primary colours towards the first input diffractive optical element.6. The augmented reality display of claim 5 , wherein the first input diffractive optical element is a reflection diffraction grating.7. The augmented reality display of claim 5 , wherein the second input diffractive optical element is a transmission diffraction grating.8. The optical structure of claim 2 , wherein the second input diffractive optical element is a transmission diffraction grating.9. The optical structure of claim 2 , wherein the first claim 2 , second and third primary colours are red claim 2 , green and blue ...

Apparatus and method for confocal microscopy using dispersed structured illumination

Methods and apparatus are presented for confocal microscopy using dispersed structured illumination. In certain embodiments the apparatus also comprises an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, and OCT images acquired from two or more regions of a sample are registered using a corresponding set of two or more larger area images acquired with the confocal microscopy system. In preferred embodiments the apparatus is suitable for analysing the retina of an eye. The confocal microscopy system can be operated in a purely intensity mode or in a coherent mode. In other embodiments a confocal microscopy system using dispersed structured illumination is utilised for surface metrology.

WIDE SPECTRAL BAND SUBWAVELENGTH DIFFRACTIVE COMPONENT

A wideband diffractive component capable of diffracting an incident beam exhibiting a wavelength lying in a diffraction spectral band, the diffractive component elementary areas arranged on a surface, each area belonging to a type indexed by an index i lying between 1 and n, with n greater than 1, index i corresponding to blaze wavelength λi of index i, the blaze wavelengths lying in the diffraction spectral band, an elementary area of type i comprising microstructures having at least a size less than 1.5 times the blaze wavelength of index i, the microstructures arranged to form an artificial material exhibiting an effective index variation such that an elementary area of type i constitutes a blazed diffractive element at the blaze wavelength λi of index i, the different values of the blaze wavelengths and the proportion of surface area occupied by the areas of a given type a function of a global diffraction efficiency desired in the diffraction spectral band. 1. A wideband diffractive component capable of diffracting an incident beam exhibiting a wavelength lying in a diffraction spectral band ,the diffractive component comprising a plurality of elementary areas arranged on a surface, each elementary area belonging to a type indexed by an index i lying between 1 and n, with n strictly greater than 1, the index i corresponding to a blaze wavelength λi of index i, the blaze wavelengths lying in the diffraction spectral band,{'sub': 'eff', 'an elementary area of type i (Zi, Z′i, Z″i) comprising a plurality of microstructures (MSi) respectively having at least a size (di) less than 1.5 times the blaze wavelength (λi) of index i, the microstructures being arranged to form an artificial material exhibiting an effective index variation (n(i)) such that an elementary area of type i constitutes a blazed diffractive element at the blaze wavelength λi of index i,'}the different values of the blaze wavelengths and the proportion of surface area occupied by the set of the ...

RAINBOW REDUCTION IN WAVEGUIDE DISPLAYS

A waveguide display includes a first substrate and one or more grating layers on a first surface of the first substrate. The one or more grating layers are configured to cause destructive interference between ambient light diffracted by at least two grating layers or between ambient light diffracted by different portions of one grating layer. In some embodiments, the waveguide display also includes an angular-selective transmissive layer. The angular-selective transmissive layer is configured to reflect, diffract, or absorb ambient light incident on the angular-selective reflective layer with an incidence angle greater than a threshold value. 1. A waveguide display comprising:a first substrate including a first surface; andone or more grating layers on the first surface of the first substrate, the one or more grating layers configured to cause destructive interference between ambient light diffracted by at least two grating layers or between ambient light diffracted by different portions of one grating layer.2. The waveguide display of claim 1 , wherein the one or more grating layers include:a slanted grating including a plurality of slanted ridges, the slanted grating characterized by a height, a period, and a slant angle of the plurality of slanted ridges configured to cause destructive interference between ambient light diffracted by different portions of the slanted grating; orat least two grating layers, wherein the at least two grating layers are characterized by a same grating period and are offset by a half of the grating period.3. The waveguide display of claim 1 , wherein:the first substrate is configured to guide display light within the first substrate through total internal reflection; and diffract the display light out of the first substrate; and', 'refract the ambient light., 'the one or more grating layers are configured to4. The waveguide display of claim 1 , further comprising:an angular-selective transmissive layer configured to reflect, diffract, ...

DIRECTIONAL PIXEL ARRAY FOR MULTIPLE VIEW DISPLAY

The present disclosure relates to a directional pixel for a high-angular resolution, wide field of view, multiple view display. The design teaches a directional pixel comprising a substrate, one or more pixel driving circuits, one or more nano- or micro-scale subpixels, and one or more directional optical guiding surfaces, wherein each of said one or more subpixels is comprised of a light emitting device emitting a light beam and an optical microcavity housing said light emitting device. The optical microcavity is comprised of a plurality of reflective surfaces to specifically manipulate and tune said light beam, wherein one or more of said reflective surfaces is a light propagating reflective surface which propagates said light beam out of said microcavity, and said light propagating reflective surface is connected to said one or more directional optical guiding surfaces to direct said light beam at a specific angle. A high-angular resolution, multiple-view light-field display is created by deploying a plurality of directional pixels into a directional pixel array system. 1. A method of operating a directional pixel array comprising:sampling data from a data line in a subpixel in the directional pixel array and sending the sampled data to a switching transistor;sending a voltage signal to a data line transistor in the subpixel to drive a light-emitting device in the subpixel and create a light beam;directing the light beam from the light-emitting device through an optical microcavity, a light propagating reflective surface, and a directional optical guiding surface connected to the light propagating reflective surface to create a light image; andholding the sampled data with a capacitor to hold the state of the light-emitting device constant until the subpixel is refreshed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each subpixel in the directional pixel array is individually addressable.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:sampling data from a row of subpixels in ...

Low-contrast silicon nitride-based metasurfaces

Disclosed herein are metasurfaces formed on a substrate from a plurality of posts. The metasurfaces are configured to be optically active at one or more wavelengths and in certain embodiments are configured to form lenses having unexpectedly strong focusing power. In particular, the metasurfaces are formed from “low-contrast” materials, including CMOS-compatible materials such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. Accordingly, the disclosed metasurfaces are generally CMOS compatible and therefor embody a new paradigm in metasurface design and manufacturing.

LOW-CONTRAST METASURFACES

Disclosed herein are metasurfaces formed on a substrate from a plurality of posts. The metasurfaces are configured to be optically active at one or more wavelengths and in certain embodiments are configured to form lenses having unexpectedly strong focusing power. In particular, the metasurfaces are formed from “low-contrast” materials, including CMOS-compatible materials such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. Accordingly, the disclosed metasurfaces are generally CMOS compatible and therefore embody a new paradigm in metasurface design and manufacturing. 1. A low-contrast metasurface having optical activity at a first wavelength , comprising:a plurality of cylindrical posts formed from a first material and arranged on a substrate in a square pattern, wherein the plurality of cylindrical post are formed of a material having a first refractive index of 2.1 or less;interstices between individual posts of the plurality of cylindrical post comprising an interstitial substance with a second refractive index that is 0.6 to 1.1 less than the first refractive index;wherein the individual posts of the plurality of cylindrical posts have a diameter in a range of ⅛ of the first wavelength to ⅔ of the first wavelength;wherein the plurality of cylindrical posts have a periodicity in a range of 0.4 times the first wavelength to 1.0 times the first wavelength; andwherein the plurality of cylindrical posts have a thickness in a range of 0.5 times the first wavelength to 1.0 times the first wavelength.2. A method of focusing electromagnetic radiation at a first wavelength , comprising passing the electromagnetic radiation through a low-contrast metasurface having optical activity at the first wavelength , comprising:a plurality of cylindrical posts formed from a first material and arranged on a substrate in a square pattern, wherein the plurality of cylindrical post are formed of a material having a first refractive index of 2.1 or less;interstices between individual posts of ...

OPTICAL DEVICE

Provided is an optical device which increases design flexibility. An optical device includes: a light guiding unit, the cross-section of which is approximately trapezoidal; and diffraction gratings disposed in the light guiding unit. The diffraction gratings are obliquely disposed with respect to the longitudinal direction of the light guiding unit. A signal that is output from a micro-projector (light source) enters the diffraction grating, light that is diffracted by the diffraction grating is reflected by a reflecting unit, the reflected light is diffracted by the diffraction grating and enters an eye. 1. An optical device , comprising:a light guiding member; andone or more diffraction gratings disposed in the light guiding member, whereinthe one or more diffraction gratings are obliquely disposed with respect to a longitudinal direction of the light guiding member.2. The optical device according to claim 1 , whereinboth ends of the light guiding member are formed to be oblique with respect to the longitudinal direction,the diffraction gratings are disposed on both end faces of the light guiding member, respectively, andeach of the diffraction gratings is obliquely disposed so that light transmitted through the diffraction grating disposed on an entering side of the optical device is reflected in a region of the light guiding member where the diffraction grating is not disposed.3. The optical device according to claim 1 , whereinan entering side end, out of the both ends of the light guiding member, is obliquely formed with respect to the longitudinal direction, andthe diffraction grating is obliquely disposed on the entering side end so that light transmitted through the diffraction grating disposed on the entering side end is reflected or diffracted by the diffraction grating disposed on an emitting side end out of the both ends of the light guiding member.4. The optical device according to claim 1 , whereinthe one or more diffraction gratings include either ...

DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL DEVICE, ENDOSCOPIC PROBE, AND FABRICATION METHODS THEREFOR

A diffractive optical device comprising: a base substrate; a resin layer having consecutively formed grating grooves and ridges, the resin layer being provided on a surface of the base substrate and being formed of a resin including a photo-curing resin or a thermosetting resin; and a side-surface resin layer. The side-surface resin layer is formed continuously with the resin layer and on a side surface of the base substrate so as to intersect end portions of the grating grooves and ridges, the side-surface resin layer being formed of a resin, which is a same material as that which forms the resin layer. An average thickness of the side-surface resin layer is greater than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 35 μm. An endoscopic probe including the diffractive optical device, and a method of fabricating such device are disclosed. 1: A diffractive optical device comprising:a base substrate;a resin layer having consecutively formed grating grooves and ridges substantially parallel to one another at a predetermined pitch, the resin layer being provided on a surface of the base substrate and being formed of a resin material including a photo-curing resin or a thermosetting resin; anda side-surface resin layer,wherein the side-surface resin layer is formed continuously with the resin layer and on a side surface of the base substrate so as to intersect end portions of the grating grooves and ridges, the side-surface resin layer being formed of a same material as the resin material which forms the resin layer, andwherein an average thickness of the side-surface resin layer is smaller than a thickness of the resin layer.2: The diffractive optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein an average thickness of the side-surface resin layer is greater than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 35 μm.3: The diffractive optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein a thickness of the resin layer formed on the surface of the substrate is greater than or equal to 10 μm ...

SPECTRAL APPARATUS, DETECTION APPARATUS, LIGHT SOURCE APPARATUS, REACTION APPARATUS, AND MEASUREMENT APPARATUS

The present invention provides a spectral apparatus for spectrally separating light including a predetermined wavelength, including a slit that the light enters, a first optical system configured to collimate the light from the slit, a transmissive type diffraction element configured to diffract the light from the first optical system, and a second optical system including a first mirror configured to reflect the light diffracted by the transmissive type diffraction element, and a second mirror configured to reflect the light reflected by the first mirror and diffracted by the transmissive type diffraction element, and configured to make the light reciprocally travel between the first mirror and the second mirror via the transmissive type diffraction element. 1. A spectral apparatus for spectrally separating light including a predetermined wavelength , comprising:a slit that the light enters;a first optical system configured to collimate the light from the slit;a transmissive type diffraction element configured to diffract the light from the first optical system; anda second optical system including a first mirror configured to reflect the light diffracted by the transmissive type diffraction element, and a second mirror configured to reflect the light reflected by the first mirror and diffracted by the transmissive type diffraction element, and configured to make the light reciprocally travel between the first mirror and the second mirror via the transmissive type diffraction element,wherein the first optical system and the transmissive type diffraction element are arranged such that an incident angle of the light that enters the transmissive type diffraction element equals an exit angle of the light that exits from the transmissive type diffraction element,the first mirror is arranged such that an optical path of the light diffracted by the transmissive type diffraction element and traveling toward the first mirror and the optical path of the light reflected by ...

WAVELENGTH BEAM COMBINING LASER SYSTEMS UTILIZING PRISMS FOR BEAM QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND BANDWIDTH REDUCTION

In various embodiments, one or more prisms are utilized in a wavelength beam combining laser system to regulate beam size and/or to provide narrower wavelength bandwidth. 126.-. (canceled)27. A method of wavelength beam combining a plurality of beams having different wavelengths , the method comprising:emitting the plurality of beams with a beam emitter;focusing the plurality of beams toward a dispersive element;expanding a size of the beams upstream of the dispersive element;wavelength-dispersing the beams with the dispersive element;propagating a first portion of the dispersed beams to the beam emitter as feedback; andtransmitting a second portion of the dispersed beams as a multi-wavelength output beam.28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the size of the beams is expanded via one or more first prisms.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the dispersive element is optically coupled to at least one said first prism.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the dispersive element is optically coupled to the at least one said first prism via an optical adhesive.31. The method of claim 28 , wherein the dispersive element and at least one said first prism are a single integrated component.32. The method of claim 28 , wherein the one or more first prisms comprises a plurality of first prisms.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the one or more first prisms comprises two prisms configured as an anamorphic prism pair.34. The method of claim 27 , further comprising reducing the size of the beams downstream of the dispersive element.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the size of the beams is reduced via one or more second prisms.36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the one or more second prisms comprises a plurality of second prisms.37. The method of claim 36 , wherein the one or more second prisms comprises two prisms configured as an anamorphic prism pair.38. The method of claim 27 , wherein wavelength-dispersing the beams comprises transmitting the beams through the ...

KIRIGAMI PATTERNED POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND TUNABLE OPTIC DEVICES MADE THEREFROM

The present disclosure provides a structure comprising a polymeric structure or composite material having a surface patterned via methods employing a kirigami-type technique. The patterned surface may define a first row of at least two discontinuous cuts and a second row of at least two discontinuous cuts offset from the first row. The first row and the second row cooperate to define a plurality of bridge structures therebetween, making the nanocomposite is stretchable in at least one direction. Methods of making such patterned structures via kirigami techniques, for example, via photolithography top-down cutting are also provided. Devices incorporating such kirigami-patterned polymeric structures are also provided, such as strain tunable optic devices. 1. A structure comprising a nanocomposite having a patterned surface defining a first row of at least two discontinuous cuts and a second row of at least two discontinuous cuts offset from the first row , wherein the first row and the second row cooperate to define a plurality of bridge structures therebetween , wherein the nanocomposite comprises a polymer and a reinforcement nanomaterial distributed therein and the nanocomposite is stretchable in at least one direction.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the respective at least two discontinuous cuts of the first row and the second row are microscale cuts.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the reinforcement nanomaterial comprises a conductive nanoparticle selected from the group consisting of metals claim 1 , graphene oxide claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim 1 , nanowires claim 1 , rods claim 1 , seedling metals claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the first row and the second row define a plurality of linear structures claim 1 , round structures claim 1 , rectangular structures claim 1 , or polygonal structures when in a stretched state.5. The structure of ...

WAVEGUIDES WITH EXTENDED FIELD OF VIEW

An input-coupler of an optical waveguide couples light corresponding to the image and having a corresponding FOV into the optical waveguide, and the input-coupler splits the FOV of the image coupled into the optical waveguide into first and second portions by diffracting a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a first direction toward a first intermediate-component, and diffracting a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a second direction toward a second intermediate-component. An output-coupler of the waveguide combines the light corresponding to the first and second portions of the FOV, and couples the light corresponding to the combined first and second portions of the FOV out of the optical waveguide so that the light corresponding to the image and the combined first and second portions of the FOV is output from the optical waveguide. The intermediate-components and the output-coupler also provide for pupil expansion. 1. An apparatus for use in replicating an image associated with an input-pupil to an output-pupil , the apparatus comprising:an optical waveguide including an input-coupler, first and second intermediate-components and an output-coupler; couple light corresponding to the image associated with the input-pupil, and having a corresponding field of view (FOV), into the optical waveguide;', 'diffract a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a first direction toward the first intermediate-component such that a first portion of the FOV travels through the optical waveguide from the input-coupler to the first intermediate-component; and', 'diffract a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a second direction toward the second intermediate-component such that a second portion of the FOV travels through the optical waveguide from the input-coupler to the second intermediate-component;', 'wherein the first and second directions differ from one another; and', 'wherein the first and second portions of the FOV ...

DIFFRACTIVE ANTIGLARE IN A MULTI-LAYERED DISPLAY

A multi-layered display including an upper display screen, and a lower display screen arranged so as to at least partially overlap with the upper display screen is described. An antiglare layer is disposed on the upper display screen. The antiglare layer includes a diffraction pattern configured to blur ambient reflections without substantially affecting transmitted light. The diffraction pattern may have a quarter wavelength thickness. Method for forming the multi-layered display is also provided. 1. A multi-layered display , comprising:an upper display screen;a lower display screen arranged so as to at least partially overlap with the upper display screen; andan antiglare layer disposed on the upper display screen, the antiglare layer comprising a diffraction pattern configured to blur ambient reflections without substantially affecting transmitted light.2. A multi-layered display according to claim 1 , wherein the diffraction pattern has a quarter wavelength thickness.3. A multi-layered display according to claim 1 , wherein diffraction pattern provides a reflection scattering of full width half maximum (FWHM) of at least 6 degrees.4. A multi-layer display according to claim 3 , wherein the antiglare layer provides a hardness of at least M-94 on the Rockwell Hardness scale.5. A multi-layer display according to claim 2 , wherein the diffraction pattern imposes a top surface and a bottom surface in a grating such that equal portions of incident light would contact the top surface and the bottom surface.6. A multi-layer display according to claim 2 , wherein a path of the transmitted light changes only due to a refractive index of the antiglare layer.7. A multi-layer display according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more other display screens between the lower display screen and the upper display screen.8. A multi-layer display according to claim 7 , wherein the transmitted light includes respective images displayed on the lower display screen and said one or ...

METASURFACES WITH ASYMMETRIC GRATINGS FOR REDIRECTING LIGHT AND METHODS FOR FABRICATING

An optical system comprises an optically transmissive substrate comprising a metasurface which comprises a grating comprising a plurality of unit cells. Each unit cell comprises a laterally-elongated first nanobeam having a first width; and a laterally-elongated second nanobeam spaced apart from the first nanobeam by a gap, the second nanobeam having a second width larger than the first width. A pitch of the unit cells is 10 nm to 1 μm. The heights of the first and the second nanobeams are: 10 nm to 450 nm where a refractive index of the substrate is more than 3.3; and 10 nm to 1 μm where the refractive index is 3.3 or less. 1. An optical system comprising: a laterally-elongated first nanobeam having a first width; and', 'a laterally-elongated second nanobeam spaced apart from the first nanobeam by a gap, the second nanobeam having a second width larger than the first width,', 10 nm to 450 nm where a refractive index of the substrate is more than 3.3; and', '10 nm to 1 μm where the refractive index is 3.3 or less., 'wherein heights of the first and the second nanobeams are], 'a grating comprising a plurality of unit cells, each unit cell comprising, 'an optically transmissive substrate comprising a metasurface, the metasurface comprising, as seen in a top-down view2. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the unit cells are laterally-elongated and are parallel to each other.3. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the metasurface is configured to diffract incident light of a visible wavelength into a first diffraction order.4. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the second width is 10 nm to 1 μm.5. The optical system of claim 4 , wherein the second width is 10 nm to 300 nm.6. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein a pitch of the unit cells is 10 nm to 1 μm.7. The optical system of claim 6 , wherein the pitch of the unit cells is 10 nm to 500 nm.8. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the first nanobeam and the second nanobeam are separated by a gap of 10 ...

WAVELENGTH BEAM COMBINING LASER SYSTEMS UTILIZING PRISMS FOR BEAM QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND BANDWIDTH REDUCTION

In various embodiments, one or more prisms are utilized in a wavelength beam combining laser system to regulate beam size and/or to provide narrower wavelength bandwidth. 126.-. (canceled)27. A wavelength beam combining laser system comprising:one or more beam emitters configured to emit a plurality of discrete beams;focusing optics for receiving the beams from the one or more beam emitters and focusing the beams;a first prism positioned to receive the beams from the focusing optics, the first prism having (i) an entrance surface at which the beams are received and (ii) an exit surface;a dispersive element for receiving the beams from the exit surface of the first prism and dispersing the beams; anda partially reflective output coupler positioned to receive the dispersed beams, transmit a portion of the dispersed beams therethrough as a multi-wavelength output beam, and reflect a second portion of the dispersed beams back toward the dispersive element.28. The laser system of claim 27 , wherein the dispersive element defines a dispersion plane.29. The laser system of claim 28 , wherein the entrance surface of the first prism is not parallel to the dispersion plane.30. The laser system of claim 28 , wherein the exit surface of the first prism is not parallel to the dispersion plane.31. The laser system of claim 28 , wherein the beams have a focal plane claim 28 , downstream of the first prism claim 28 , that is substantially coplanar with the dispersion plane.32. The laser system of claim 28 , further comprising claim 28 , disposed optically downstream of the dispersive element and optically upstream of the output coupler claim 28 , a second prism having an entrance surface and an exit surface.33. The laser system of claim 32 , wherein the entrance surface of the second prism is not parallel to the dispersion plane.34. The laser system of claim 32 , wherein the exit surface of the second prism is not parallel to the dispersion plane.35. The laser system of claim 32 , ...

WAVELENGTH DISPERSING DEVICE

A compact wavelength dispersing device and a wavelength selective optical switch based on the wavelength dispersing device is described. The wavelength dispersing device has a folding mirror that folds the optical path at least three times. A focal length of a focusing coupler of the device is reduced and the NA is increased, while the increased optical aberrations are mitigated by using an optional coma-compensating wedge. A double-pass arrangement for a transmission diffraction grating allows further focal length and overall size reduction due to increased angular dispersion. 123-. (canceled)24. A wavelength dispersing device comprising:an input for inputting a light beam;an aberration correction element for receiving the light beam and performing pre-correction for aberration;a mirror for receiving the pre-corrected light beam and reflecting the pre-corrected light beam at a first point in time; and the narrowband sub-beams being reflected by the mirror at a second point in time, and', 'the aberration correction element receiving the reflected narrowband sub-beams, performing aberration correction on the reflected narrowband sub-beams, and transmitting the aberration-corrected, reflected narrowband sub-beams to a line of dispersion., 'a reflector for receiving the reflected light beam and producing narrowband sub-beams;'}25. The wavelength dispersing device of claim 24 , further comprising: 'the reflector and diffraction grating producing an angular dispersion of the narrowband sub-beams.', 'a diffraction grating,'}26. The wavelength dispersing device of claim 24 , whereeach narrowband sub-beam, of the narrowband sub-beams, is associated with a focal spot, andeach focal spot is located on the line of dispersion.27. The wavelength dispersing device of claim 24 , where the mirror is a concave mirror.28. The wavelength dispersing device of claim 24 , where the aberration correction element is a wedge.29. The wavelength dispersing device of claim 28 , where the wedge ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING VIRTUAL CONTENT DISPLAY WITH A VIRTUAL OR AUGMENTED REALITY APPARATUS

Several unique configurations for interferometric recording of volumetric phase diffractive elements with relatively high angle diffraction for use in waveguides are disclosed. Separate layer EPE and OPE structures produced by various methods may be integrated in side-by-side or overlaid constructs, and multiple such EPE and OPE structures may be combined or multiplexed to exhibit EPE/OPE functionality in a single, spatially-coincident layer. Multiplexed structures reduce the total number of layers of materials within a stack of eyepiece optics, each of which may be responsible for displaying a given focal depth range of a volumetric image. Volumetric phase type diffractive elements are used to offer properties including spectral bandwidth selectivity that may enable registered multi-color diffracted fields, angular multiplexing capability to facilitate tiling and field-of-view expansion without crosstalk, and all-optical, relatively simple prototyping compared to other diffractive element forms, enabling rapid design iteration. 1. A method for generating stereoscopic images for virtual reality and/or augmented reality , comprising:transmitting input light beams into a substrate of an eyepiece by using an in-coupling optic element;deflecting a first portion of the input light beams toward second diffractive elements on a first layer of the eyepiece by using at least first diffractive elements on the first layer; anddirecting first exiting light beams toward a viewer by deflecting some of the first portion of the input light beams with the second diffractive elements on the first layer.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:transmitting a remaining portion of the input light beams within the substrate of the eyepiece;deflecting some of the remaining portion of the input light beams toward the second diffractive elements by using the first diffractive elements on the first layer; anddirecting second exiting light beams toward the viewer by deflecting a part of ...

Patterning Device

A patterning device comprising a reflective marker, wherein the marker comprises: a plurality of reflective regions configured to preferentially reflect radiation having a given wavelength; and a plurality of absorbing regions configured to preferentially absorb radiation having the given wavelength; wherein the absorbing and reflective regions are arranged to form a patterned radiation beam reflected from the marker when illuminated with radiation, and wherein the reflective regions comprise a roughened reflective surface, the roughened reflective surface being configured to diffuse radiation reflected from the reflective regions, and wherein the roughened reflective surface has a root mean squared roughness of about an eighth of the given wavelength or more.

DOE defect monitoring utilizing total internal reflection

An optical apparatus includes a diffractive optical element (DOE), having at least one optical surface, a side surface, which is not parallel to the at least one optical surface of the DOE, and a grating, which is formed on the at least one optical surface so as to receive and diffract first radiation from a primary radiation source that is incident on the grating. The apparatus further includes at least one secondary radiation source, which is configured to direct second radiation to impinge on the side surface, causing at least part of the second radiation to propagate within the DOE while diffracting internally from the grating and to exit through the side surface. The apparatus also includes at least one radiation detector, which is positioned so as to receive and sense an intensity of the second radiation that has exited through the side surface. 1. Optical apparatus , comprising: at least one optical surface;', 'a side surface, wherein the side surface is not parallel to the at least one optical surface of the DOE; and', 'a grating, which is formed on the at least one optical surface so as to receive and diffract first radiation from a primary radiation source that is incident on the grating;, 'a diffractive optical element (DOE), comprisingat least one secondary radiation source, which is configured to direct second radiation to impinge on a first location on the side surface, causing at least part of the second radiation to propagate within the DOE while diffracting internally from the grating and to exit through at least one second location on the side surface; andat least one radiation detector, which is positioned in proximity to the at least one second location so as to receive and sense an intensity of the second radiation that has exited through the side surface.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the side surface is perpendicular to the at least one optical surface of the DOE.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , and comprising a ...

Compound Diffraction Grating and Method of Manufacture

A method including forming a substrate to form a template which includes areas of high relief and areas of low relief; and forming a high refractive index diffraction grating in the template by adding high refractive index material to the template to form a continuous low relief surface The high refractive index material fills the areas of low relief and covers the areas of high relief of the template to form a high refractive index diffraction grating. The high refractive index diffraction grating includes the high refractive index material configured to have a low relief side corresponding to the continuous low relief surface and configured by the template to have a periodic side including areas of high relief and areas of low relief which periodically alternate in the first direction with the first periodicity and are interconnected by the high refractive index material.

High Index Contrast Grating Structure for Light Manipulation and Related Method

A high index contrast grating (HICG) structure is disclosed. The HICG structure includes plurality of gratings fabricated from a high refractive index layer. The high refractive index layer is situated over a low refractive index substrate, wherein the high refractive index layer is patterned after determining a period and a duty cycle of each of the plurality of gratings for a desired reflection phase profile based on a lookup table. The low refractive index substrate includes sapphire. The plurality of gratings includes polycrystalline or amorphous silicon. The HICG structure includes subwavelength gratings for incident wavelengths of equal to or greater than 2.5 microns. An exemplary method for forming the HICG structure is also disclosed. 1. A high index contrast grating (HICG) structure comprising:a plurality of gratings fabricated from a high refractive index layer;wherein said high refractive index layer is situated over a low refractive index substrate;and wherein said high refractive index layer is patterned after determining a period and a duty cycle of each of said plurality of gratings for a desired reflection phase profile based on a lookup table.2. The HICG structure of claim 1 , wherein said low refractive index substrate includes sapphire.3. The HICG structure of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said plurality of gratings includes amorphous silicon.4. The HICG structure of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said plurality of gratings includes polycrystalline silicon.5. The HICG structure of claim 1 , wherein said high refractive index layer has a refractive index at least two times greater than that of said low refractive index substrate.6. The HICG structure of claim 1 , wherein said HICG structure includes subwavelength gratings for incident wavelengths of equal to or greater than 2.5 microns.7. The HICG structure of claim 1 , wherein said HICG structure functions as a combinatory optical system having multiple components on said low refractive ...

OPTICAL CROSS-COUPLING MITIGATION SYSTEMS FOR WAVELENGTH BEAM COMBINING LASER SYSTEMS

In various embodiments, wavelength beam combining laser systems incorporate optical cross-coupling mitigation systems and/or engineered partially reflective output couplers in order to reduce or substantially eliminate unwanted back-reflection of stray light. 117.-. (canceled)18. A laser system comprising:an array of beam emitters each emitting a beam having a different wavelength;focusing optics for focusing the beams toward a dispersive element;a dispersive element for receiving and dispersing the focused beams, thereby forming a multi-wavelength beam;a cross-coupling mitigation system for receiving and transmitting the multi-wavelength beam while reducing cross-coupling thereof;disposed optically downstream of the cross-coupling mitigation system, an optical fiber for receiving the multi-wavelength beam; anddisposed within the optical fiber, a fiber Bragg grating for receiving the multi-wavelength beam, reflecting a first portion thereof back toward the cross-coupling mitigation system, and transmitting a second portion thereof as an output beam composed of multiple wavelengths.19. The laser system of claim 18 , further comprising an end cap attached to the optical fiber and disposed optically upstream of the fiber Bragg grating.20. The laser system of claim 18 , further comprising a mode stripper disposed around at least a portion of the optical fiber.21. The laser system of claim 18 , wherein the fiber Bragg grating is disposed within a Rayleigh range of the multi-wavelength beam transmitted by the cross-coupling mitigation system.22. The laser system of claim 18 , wherein at least a portion of the cross-coupling mitigation system is disposed within a Rayleigh range of the multi-wavelength beam transmitted by the dispersive element.23. The laser system of claim 18 , wherein the cross-coupling mitigation system comprises an afocal telescope.24. The laser system of claim 18 , wherein the cross-coupling mitigation system comprises a first optical element having a ...

Diffractive optical element and optical device comprising same diffractive optical element

Provided is a diffractive optical element having an optical surface composed of a plurality of continuous three-dimensional curved surface units. When a parallel coherent light is incident on the optical surface, a diffraction pattern formed by multiple diffraction orders is produced, thereby expands the divergence angle of the diffractive optical element. Further provided is an optical device including the above diffractive optical element.

OPTICAL SYSTEM HAVING AN IMPROVED SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO OF EYE-TRACKING

An optical system includes a grating including at least one substrate and a grating structure coupled to the at least one substrate. The grating structure is configured to diffract a first light having an incidence angle within a predetermined range. The optical system also includes a polarizer configured to transmit the first light diffracted by the grating structure and block a second light reflected by a surface of the at least one substrate. 1. An optical A system , comprising:a polarizer;a grating structure configured to diffract a first input light as a first output light toward the polarizer; andat least one substrate coupled to the grating structure, a surface of the at least one substrate configured to reflect a second input light as a substantially s-polarized light toward the polarizer,wherein the first input light and the second input light are incident onto the grating structure and the at least one substrate, respectively, from a side where the polarizer is located, andwherein the polarizer is configured to transmit the first output light diffracted by the grating structure and block the substantially s-polarized light reflected by the surface of the at least one substrate.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:an optical sensor disposed facing the grating structure and configured to receive the first output light that is diffracted by the grating structure and transmitted through the polarizer.3. The system of claim 1 ,wherein the substantially s-polarized light reflected by the surface of the at least one substrate and the first output light diffracted by the grating structure have different polarizations.4. (canceled)5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the grating structure includes a polarization volume hologram (“PVH”) layer.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the grating structure including the PVH layer is configured to diffract a polarized light having a first predetermined handedness claim 5 , and to transmit a polarized light having a ...

GRATING PART AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A grating part includes a first transparent substrate having an optical grating on a first principal surface and a second transparent substrate having an optical grating on a first principal surface; a second principal surface of the first substrate on an opposite side from the first principal surface and a second principal surface of the second substrate on an opposite side from the first principal surface are bonded. 1. A grating part comprising:a first transparent substrate having an optical grating on a first principal surface thereof;anda second transparent substrate having an optical grating on a first principal surface thereof, wherein:a second principal surface of the first transparent substrate on an opposite side of the first principal surface of the first transparent substrate, and a second principal surface of the second transparent substrate on an opposite side from the first principal surface of the second transparent substrate are bonded.2. The grating part according to claim 1 , further comprising a film at a portion between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate claim 1 , the film configured as one of a light reflecting film and a light absorbing film.3. A grating part comprising:a first transparent substrate having an optical grating on a surface thereof;a second transparent substrate having an optical grating on a surface thereof; anda spacer positioned between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, the spacer bonding the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.4. The grating part according to claim 3 , wherein the spacer includes a cavity between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.5. The grating part according to claim 4 , further comprising a film positioned inside the cavity and configured as one of a light reflecting film and a light absorbing film.6. The grating part according to claim 4 , wherein the optical grating of the ...

采用虚拟或增强现实装置生成虚拟内容显示的方法和系统

本发明涉及采用虚拟或增强现实装置生成虚拟内容显示的方法和系统。公开了用于体相衍射元件的干涉记录的几种独特配置，该体相衍射元件用于在波导中使用并具有相对高的角度衍射。通过各种方法产生的单独层EPE和OPE结构可以并排或覆盖的结构集成，并且多个这种EPE和OPE结构可被组合和复用，以在单个、空间一致的层中展现EPE/OPE功能。复用的结构减少了在目镜光学部件的叠层内的材料的总层数，每一层负责显示体积图像的给定焦距范围。体相型衍射元件用于提供特性，包括能够实现配准的多色衍射场的光谱带宽选择性、能够促进拼接和视场扩展而没有串扰的角度多路复用能力，以及与其它衍射元件的形式相比全光学、相对简单的原形，使得能够快速设计迭代。

Waveguides with extended field of view

An input-coupler of an optical waveguide couples light corresponding to the image and having a corresponding FOV into the optical waveguide, and the input-coupler splits the FOV of the image coupled into the optical waveguide into first and second portions by diffracting a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a first direction toward a first intermediate-component, and diffracting a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a second direction toward a second intermediate-component. An output-coupler of the waveguide combines the light corresponding to the first and second portions of the FOV, and couples the light corresponding to the combined first and second portions of the FOV out of the optical waveguide so that the light corresponding to the image and the combined first and second portions of the FOV is output from the optical waveguide. The intermediate-components and the output-coupler also provide for pupil expansion.

Double-sided imaging light guide with embedded dichroic filters

Waveguides with extended field of view

An input-coupler of an optical waveguide couples light corresponding to the image and having a corresponding FOV into the optical waveguide, and the input-coupler splits the FOV of the image coupled into the optical waveguide into first and second portions by diffracting a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a first direction toward a first intermediate-component, and diffracting a portion of the light corresponding to the image in a second direction toward a second intermediate-component. An output-coupler of the waveguide combines the light corresponding to the first and second portions of the FOV, and couples the light corresponding to the combined first and second portions of the FOV out of the optical waveguide so that the light corresponding to the image and the combined first and second portions of the FOV is output from the optical waveguide. The intermediate-components and the output-coupler also provide for pupil expansion.

확장된 시야각을 제공하는 디스플레이 장치

확장된 시야각을 제공할 수 있는 디스플레이 장치가 개시된다. 개시된 디스플레이 장치는, 입력 커플러 및 출력 커플러를 구비하는 도광판; 및 상기 입력 커플러에 대향하여 배치되어 상기 입력 커플러에 영상을 제공하는 영상 제공 장치;를 포함한다. 여기서, 상기 입력 커플러는 상기 영상 제공 장치로부터 제공되는 영상을 상기 도광판 내에 서로 다른 각도로 진행시키는 복수의 서브 입력 커플러를 포함할 수 있다.

Luminous flux diameter expanding element and image display device

Anti-reflective coatings on optical waveguides

An anti-reflective waveguide assembly comprising a waveguide substrate having a first index of refraction, a plurality of diffractive optical elements disposed upon a first surface of the waveguide and an anti-reflective coating disposed upon a second surface of the waveguide. The anti-reflective coating preferably increases absorption of light through a surface to which it is applied into the waveguide so that at least 97 percent of the light is transmitted. The anti-reflective coating is composed of four layers of material having different indices of refraction that the first index of refraction and an imaginary refractive index less than 1 x 10

Linse mit einem erweiterten Fokusbereich

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Linse, welche einen erweiterten Fokusbereich aufweist, wobei die Linse aus einem festen Material besteht und die optischen Flächen der Linse transparent sind, und die Linse eine Brechkraftverteilung aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß ändert sich die Brechkraftverteilung FG der Linse (1) bezogen auf eine zur optischen Achse (10) senkrecht stehende Ebene als Funktion der radialen Höhe (r) und des Azimutwinkel (phi) der Apertur zwischen einem Grundwert der Brechkraft FL ungleich Null und einem Maximalwert Fs max. Somit ergibt sich die Brechkraftverteilung zu FG(r, phi) = FL + FS(r, phi), mit dem spiralförmigen Brechkraftanteil FS(r, phi) = FS max(r, phi)·w(phi) wobei w(phi) ein Faktor für den Brechkraftanteil mit einem spiralförmigen Verlauf ist.

DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENT

A diffraction optical element is disclosed. The diffraction optical element includes a substrate and multiple grating units. The grating units are disposed above the substrate. The grating units diffract incident light to generate diffracted light being passing through the substrate. A refractive index of the substrate is substantially below 1.45. 1. A diffraction optical element , comprising:a substrate; anda plurality of grating units that are disposed above the substrate, wherein the plurality of grating units are configured to diffract incident light to generate diffracted light being passing through the substrate;wherein a refractive index of the substrate is substantially below 1.45.2. The diffraction optical element of claim 1 , further comprising:a first layer that is sandwiched between the plurality of grating units and the substrate and extends below each of the plurality of grating units,wherein the first layer has a first refractive index that is substantially below 1.45.3. The diffraction optical element of claim 2 , wherein a thickness of the first layer is associated with the first refractive index.4. The diffraction optical element of claim 2 , further comprising:a second layer sandwiched between the first layer and the substrate, wherein the second layer has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.5. The diffraction optical element of claim 1 , further comprising:a layer that is patterned to be disposed between each two of the plurality of grating units and disposed on a surface of the substrate,wherein a refractive index of the layer is substantially below 1.45.6. The diffraction optical element of claim 1 , further comprising:a plurality of layers disposed between the plurality of grating units and the substrate, wherein at least half of the plurality of layers have a refractive index substantially below 1.45.7. The diffraction optical element of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of layers include layers of magnesium ...

用于提供扩展观看窗的显示装置

一种能够提供扩展观看窗的显示装置包括：导光板，包括输入耦合器和输出耦合器；以及图像提供装置，面对输入耦合器以向输入耦合器提供图像。输入耦合器可以包括多个子输入耦合器，该多个子输入耦合器被配置为在导光板中以不同的角度传播从图像提供装置提供的图像。

用于分析样本的装置及方法

提供用于使用分散结构化照明的共焦显微镜的方法与装置。在某些实施方式中，装置还包括光学相干断层扫描(OCT)系统，并且使用利用共焦显微镜系统获取的两个或多个更大区域图像的相应集合配准从样本的两个或多个区域获取的OCT图像。在优选实施方式中，装置适合用于分析眼睛的视网膜。共焦显微镜系统能够在纯强度模式或相干模式下操作。在其他实施方式中，使用分散结构化照明的共焦显微镜系统用于表面计量。

Methods and systems for generating virtual content display with a virtual or augmented reality apparatus

도파관들에서 사용하기 위해 상대적으로 높은 각도 회절을 갖는 체적 위상 회절 엘리먼트들을 간섭계 레코딩(interferometric recording)하기 위한 몇 개의 고유한 구성들이 개시된다. 다양한 방법들에 의해 생성된 별도의 층의 EPE 및 OPE 구조들은 나란히 또는 오버레이된 구조로 통합될 수 있으며, 다수의 이러한 EPE 및 OPE 구조들은 단일의 공간적으로 일치하는 층에서 EPE/OPE 기능성을 나타내기 위해 결합되거나 멀티플렉싱될 수 있다. 멀티플렉싱 구조들은 접안 렌즈 광학계들의 스택 내에서 재료들의 층들의 총 수를 감소시키며, 이들 각각은 체적 이미지의 주어진 초점 심도 범위의 디스플레이를 담당할 수 있다. 체적 위상 유형 회절 엘리먼트들은 등록된 다중-컬러 회절 필드, 크로스토크 없이 타일링(tiling) 및 시야 확장를 용이하게 하는 각도 멀티플렉싱 능력 및, 신속한 설계 반복이 가능케 하도록 다른 회절 엘리먼트 형태들에 비해 모든 광학의, 비교적 간단한 프로토타이핑을 가능하게 하는 스펙트럼 대역폭 선택성을 포함하는 특성을 제안하는데 사용된다. Several unique configurations are disclosed for interferometric recording of volume phase diffraction elements with relatively high angular diffraction for use in waveguides. Separate layers of EPE and OPE structures produced by various methods can be integrated side-by-side or as an overlaid structure, and a number of these EPE and OPE structures exhibit EPE/OPE functionality in a single spatially consistent layer. They can be combined or multiplexed. Multiplexing structures reduce the total number of layers of materials within the stack of eyepiece optics, each of which can be responsible for the display of a given depth of focus range of a volumetric image. Volume phase type diffractive elements have a registered multi-color diffraction field, angular multiplexing ability that facilitates tiling and field expansion without crosstalk, and all optical, relatively It is used to propose features including spectral bandwidth selectivity that enable simple prototyping.

Complex Diffraction Elements, Instruments, and Image Projection Systems

본 기술은, 투과형 홀로그램과 같이 기능하는 회절 소자를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하고, 특히 상기 영상 투사 시스템을 구성하기 위해 적합한 회절 소자를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 기술은, 제1 회절 소자, 제2 회절 소자, 및 제3 회절 소자를 이 순서로 가지는 적층 구조를 가지며, 상기 제2 회절 소자는, 상기 제1 회절 소자를 투과하여 상기 제2 회절 소자에 도달한 광을, 상기 제1 회절 소자를 향해 회절 반사시키고, 상기 제1 회절 소자는, 상기 제2 회절 소자에 의해 회절 반사된 광을, 상기 제3 회절 소자를 향해 회절 반사시키고, 상기 제3 회절 소자는, 상기 제1 회절 소자에 의해 회절 반사된 광을 투과시키고, 또한 상기 제1 회절 소자 및 상기 제2 회절 소자를 투과한 0차 광을 회절 반사시키는 복합형 회절 소자를 제공한다.

Diffractive optical device providing structured light

회절 광학 요소로서, 상기 회절 광학 요소는 입력 조명을 복수의 상이한 회절 차수의 구조화된 광으로 회절시키는 위상 프로파일을 광학 재료의 표면을 따라 갖는 마이크로구조물을 포함하고, 상기 위상 프로파일은 적어도 부분적으로 위상이 언래핑(phase unwrapped)된, 상기 회절 광학 요소가 개시된다. 또한 상기 회절 광학 요소를 생성하는 방법이 개시된다. A diffractive optical element comprising a microstructure having along a surface of an optical material a phase profile that diffracts input illumination into structured light of a plurality of different diffraction orders, the phase profile being at least partially out of phase. The phase unwrapped, the diffractive optical element is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method of producing the diffractive optical element.

Anti-reflective coating on optical waveguides

一种抗反射波导组件包括：具有第一折射率的波导基底，设置在波导的第一表面上的多个衍射光学元件，以及设置在波导的第二表面上的抗反射涂层。该抗反射涂层优选地增加通过施加有该抗反射涂层的表面进入波导的光的吸收，使得光的至少97％被透射。该抗反射涂层由四个材料层组成，这四个材料层具有不同的折射率，其中第一折射率和虚折射率小于1×10 ‑3 ，但优选地小于5×10 ‑4 。

Supersurface with asymmetric grating for redirecting light and method of making same

一种光学系统包括光学透射基板，光学透射基板包括超表面，超表面包括光栅，光栅包括多个单位基元。每个单位基元包括具有第一宽度的横向伸长的第一纳米梁；以及与第一纳米梁隔开一间隙的横向伸长的第二纳米梁，第二纳米梁具有大于第一宽度的第二宽度。单位基元的间距为10nm至1μm。第一和第二纳米梁的高度为：在基板的透射率大于3.3的情况下，10nm至450nm；以及在所述折射率为3.3或更小的情况下，10nm至1μm。

Method and system for generating a virtual content display using a virtual or augmented reality device

導波管において使用するための比較的に高角度回折を伴う体積位相回折要素の干渉記録のためのいくつかの特有の構成が開示される。種々の方法によって生成される別個の層ＥＰＥおよびＯＰＥ構造は、並んでまたは重ね合わせられた構造体において統合され得、複数のそのようなＥＰＥおよびＯＰＥ構造は、組み合わせられるか、または多重化され、単一の空間的に一致する層内にＥＰＥ／ＯＰＥ機能性を呈し得る。多重化構造は、接眼レンズ光学のスタック内の材料の層の総数を低減させ、それらの各々は、体積画像の所与の焦点距離範囲を表示することに関与し得る。体積位相型回折要素は、位置合わせされた多色回折界を可能にし得るスペクトル帯域幅選択性、およびクロストークを伴わずにタイリングおよび視野拡張を促進するための角度多重化能力等を含む特性をもたらすために使用される。

Complex amplitude modulated medium-metal double-layer super surface

本发明公开了一种复振幅调制的介质‑金属双层超表面。该超表面的设计步骤包括：步骤1，选择合适的材料。步骤2，选择可见光范围内任一波长为工作波长，入射光为线偏振光且为垂直入射，并确定响应单元的周期。步骤3，用等效介质理论初步设计类亚波长金属光栅的结构参数，并用时域有限差分的方法模拟优化结构参数使得入射光的振幅透过率最大。步骤4，改变该结构与入射的线偏振光之间的夹角，计算振幅透过率。步骤5，确定介质纳米柱的高度，固定类亚波长金属光栅与入射线偏光的夹角为0～90°等间距的一系列值，扫描该响应单元产生的相位突变。发明提供了一种新的复振幅调制超表面，能广泛应用于光束整形和三维全息等领域。

Multi-blaze-wavelength transmission grating structure for laser warning

本发明涉及一种透射光栅结构，具体涉及一种用于激光告警多闪耀波长的透射光栅结构；提供一种均衡零级与正负一级衍射效率的多闪耀波长的透射光栅结构，该结构光栅一级具有较高衍射效率且宽光谱的优点，并且提高闪耀光栅零级的效率；包括透射闪耀光栅A、透射材料、透射闪耀光栅B、透镜组和焦平面阵列探测器，所述透射闪耀光栅A通过透射材料与透射闪耀光栅B联接，所述透射闪耀光栅A、透射材料和透射闪耀光栅B组成透射式闪耀光栅，所述透射式闪耀光栅和焦平面阵列探测器放置在透镜组的两侧，所述透射闪耀光栅B与透射闪耀光栅A完全相同，且通过透射材料与透射闪耀光栅A反向联接；本发明主要应用在激光探测方面。

Measuring distance variable device in ToF system

본 발명은 3D 센싱 시스템의 하나인 ToF(Time of Flight) 시스템에서 광파워 증감 없이도 측정거리를 가변시킬 수 있는 ToF 시스템에서의 측정거리 가변장치에 관한 것으로, 광을 방출하는 광원부와; 방출된 광을 패턴조명으로 변화시키는 회절 광학 소자와; 상기 광원부와 상기 회절 광학 소자 사이에서 전, 후진 이동하여 피사체에 조사되는 광 도달거리를 조절하는 렌즈부와; 렌즈구동신호에 따라 상기 렌즈부를 전,후진 구동시키는 렌즈 구동부와; 상기 광원부의 출력을 일정하게 제어하고, 상기 렌즈 구동부를 통해 상기 렌즈부의 전, 후진 이동거리를 제어하여 피사체까지의 광 도달거리를 연장시키는 프로세서;를 포함함을 특징으로 한다.

Condensing backlight and near-eye display using same

집광 백라이트는 광을 안내하는 광 가이드 및; 회절적으로 커플링-아웃된 광으로서 상기 안내 광의 일부를 커플링-아웃(diffractively couple out)하고 상기 회절적으로 커플링-아웃된 광을 아이 박스로 집중시키도록 구성된 회절격자를 포함한다. 근안 디스플레이 시스템은 상기 광 가이드 및 상기 회절격자를 포함하고, 상기 아이 박스에 이미지를 형성하도록 상기 회절적으로 커플링-아웃된 광을 변조하도록 구성되는 광 밸브 어레이를 더 포함한다. 상기 형성된 이미지는 사용자에 의해 상기 아이 박스 내에서 볼 수 있도록 구성된다.

DOE defect monitoring using total internal reflection

광학 장치(20)는 적어도 하나의 광학 표면, DOE의 적어도 하나의 광학 표면에 평행하지 않은 측부 표면(34, 36), 및 그레이팅 상에 입사하는 제1 방사선을 수광하고 회절시키도록 적어도 하나의 광학 표면 상에 형성되는 그레이팅(30)을 갖는 회절 광학 소자(DOE, 26)를 포함한다. 장치는 추가로 적어도 하나의 이차 방사선원(radiation source)(38)을 포함하며, 이는 제2 방사선이 측부 표면 상에 충돌하도록 인도하여, 제2 방사선의 적어도 일부가 그레이팅으로부터 내부적으로 회절하는 동안 DOE 내에 전파되도록 하고 측부 표면을 통해 빠져나가게 하도록 구성된다. 장치는 또한 측부 표면을 통해 빠져나간 제2 방사선을 수광 및 제2 방사선의 세기를 감지하도록 위치설정된 적어도 하나의 방사선 검출기(40)를 포함한다. The optical device 20 includes at least one optical surface, side surfaces 34 and 36 that are not parallel to the at least one optical surface of the DOE, and at least one optical device to receive and diffract the first radiation incident on the grating. It includes a diffractive optical element (DOE) 26 having a grating 30 formed on the surface. The device further comprises at least one secondary radiation source 38, which directs the second radiation to impinge on the side surface so that at least a portion of the second radiation is internally diffracted from the grating within the DOE. It is configured to propagate and exit through the side surface. The device also includes at least one radiation detector 40 positioned to receive the second radiation exiting through the side surface and sense the intensity of the second radiation.

Directional pixel array for multiple view display

The present disclosure relates to a directional pixel for a high-angular resolution, wide field of view, multiple view display. The design teaches a directional pixel comprising a substrate, one or more pixel driving circuits, one or more nano- or micro-scale subpixels, and one or more directional optical guiding surfaces, wherein each of said one or more subpixels is comprised of a light emitting device emitting a light beam and an optical microcavity housing said light emitting device. The optical microcavity is comprised of a plurality of reflective surfaces to specifically manipulate and tune said light beam, wherein one or more of said reflective surfaces is a light propagating reflective surface which propagates said light beam out of said microcavity, and said light propagating reflective surface is connected to said one or more directional optical guiding surfaces to direct said light beam at a specific angle. A high-angular resolution, multiple-view light-field display is created by deploying a plurality of directional pixels into a directional pixel array system.

COLLIMATION OPTICS WITH A TEXTURED SURFACE AND LIGHTING MODULE EQUIPPED WITH THIS COLLIMATION OPTICS

L'invention concerne une optique de collimation (10) comprenant un corps (100) en matériau transparent comportant au moins une cavité (101) recevant une diode électroluminescente (11) et définie par une surface centrale (102) et une surface latérale (103), une surface de réflexion interne totale (104) entourant chaque cavité et une surface de sortie (105). La surface de réflexion interne totale réfléchit totalement les rayons lumineux réfractés à l’intérieur du corps par les surfaces centrale et latérale de la cavité et les dirige vers la surface de sortie parallèlement à une direction de collimation. La surface de sortie (105) présente au moins une zone de diffraction texturée (106) dans son épaisseur dont la géométrie est conformée de sorte que les rayons lumineux réfractés à l’intérieur du corps par la cavité sont diffractés à l’extérieur du corps par la zone de diffraction texturée suivant un faisceau lumineux présentant une photométrie et une forme déterminées. Figure pour l’abrégé : figure 1 The invention relates to collimating optics (10) comprising a body (100) made of transparent material comprising at least one cavity (101) receiving a light-emitting diode (11) and defined by a central surface (102) and a lateral surface (103 ), a total internal reflection surface (104) surrounding each cavity and an exit surface (105). The total internal reflection surface totally reflects the light rays refracted inside the body by the central and side surfaces of the cavity and directs them towards the exit surface parallel to a direction of collimation. The exit surface (105) has at least one textured diffraction zone (106) in its thickness, the geometry of which is shaped so that the light rays refracted inside the body by the cavity are diffracted outside the body by the textured diffraction zone following a light beam having a determined photometry and shape. Figure for abstract: figure 1

Anti-reflective coatings on optical waveguides

An anti-reflective waveguide assembly comprising a waveguide substrate having a first index of refraction, a plurality of diffractive optical elements disposed upon a first surface of the waveguide and an anti-reflective coating disposed upon a second surface of the waveguide. The anti-reflective coating preferably increases absorption of light through a surface to which it is applied into the waveguide so that at least 97 percent of the light is transmitted. The anti-reflective coating is composed of four layers of material having different indices of refraction that the first index of refraction and an imaginary refractive index less than 1 x 10-3 but preferably less than 5 x 10-4.

Multilayer diffraction optical element film coating

一种透射光学元件可以包括基体。透射光学元件可以包括形成在基体上的用于特定波长范围的第一抗反射结构。透射光学元件可以包括形成在第一抗反射结构上的用于特定波长范围的第二抗反射结构。透射光学元件可以包括形成在第二抗反射结构上的用于特定波长范围的第三抗反射结构。透射光学元件可以包括设置在第一抗反射结构和第二抗反射结构之间或设置在第二抗反射结构和第三抗反射结构之间的至少一个层。

Display module

一种显示模组，所述显示模组包括一防眩光玻璃盖板，该防眩光玻璃盖板的一侧面为防眩光结构层，包括一显示屏，该显示屏的外表面涂布有一胶粘剂层，该胶粘剂层上设有多个透明的圆锥体，且圆锥体以底面与胶粘剂层粘贴固定；所述圆锥体之间填充有胶粘剂，且胶粘剂超过所述圆锥体的顶部，所述防眩光玻璃盖板以不具备防眩光结构层的一侧表面对应所述圆锥体的顶部粘贴固定。本发明可以消除蚀刻防眩光玻璃盖板的碎亮点，以保证显示模组显示清晰、不失真。

Led display screen optical lens and display screen containing same

An LED display screen optical lens and a display screen using same. The LED display screen optical lens is provided with a first transmission grating (3) and a second transmission grating (4) arranged in a stacked and crossed mode. A light beam emitted from an LED lamp forms a light intensity distribution region of a set size under diffraction and interference actions of the first transmission grating (3) and the second transmission grating (4), and after passing through a rectangular diaphragm formed by the first transmission grating (3) and the second transmission grating (4) arranged in a stacked and crossed mode, the light beam is split into optical pixels composed of a plurality of optical pixel units (11), an LED point light source is converted to plane light, graininess is eliminated, dizziness during a close look is avoided, the image brightness is more uniform, and the picture quality is improved. The first transmission grating (3) and the second transmission grating (4) arranged in a stacked and crossed mode correspond to any of the LED lamp pixel units (11) on an LED display screen body randomly, the compatibility is high, and the luminous efficacy is high.

OPTICAL SYSTEM AND MINIATURE SPECTROMETER EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A SYSTEM AS WELL AS METHOD FOR ANALYZING OBJECTS USING SUCH AN OPTICAL SYSTEM

Système optique (100) comprenant un premier élément (1) avec un premier dimensionnement, et un second élément (2) avec un second dimensionnement. Le premier élément (1) et le second élément (2) sont voisins vis-à-vis d'un rayonnement électromagnétique incident (10', 10"). Le premier élément (1) décale d'une première valeur dans une première phase, une première partie (10') du rayonnement électromagnétique incident suivant un angle d'incidence (3), et le second élément (2) décale d'une seconde valeur dans une seconde phase, une seconde partie (10") d'un rayonnement électromagnétique incident suivant un angle d'incidence (3). La seconde valeur est différente de la première valeur. Optical system (100) comprising a first element (1) with a first dimensioning, and a second element (2) with a second dimensioning. The first element (1) and the second element (2) are neighbors with respect to incident electromagnetic radiation (10', 10"). The first element (1) shifts by a first value in a first phase , a first part (10') of the incident electromagnetic radiation at an angle of incidence (3), and the second element (2) shifts by a second value in a second phase, a second part (10") of a electromagnetic radiation incident at an angle of incidence (3). The second value is different from the first value.

Laser detection device

本發明提供一種雷射偵測裝置，用於偵測目標物體的圖像，目標物體上定義有至少二掃描點組，每個掃描點組包括至少二掃描點，雷射偵測裝置包括：光源模組，用於發射光源光；繞射模組，設置於光源光出射路徑上，用於對入射的光源光進行繞射，以產生多束偵測光束，多束偵測光束分時掃描目標物體的至少二掃描點組；光束接收模組，用於接收目標物體對多束偵測光束進行反射而形成的多束反射光；及中央控制模組，用於控制光源模組開啟與關斷，並根據多束反射光進行數據處理以獲取目標物體的圖像。本發明提供的雷射偵測裝置掃描效率高且掃描範圍廣。