СДВОЕННЫЙ ДИСПЛЕЙ С ОСВЕТИТЕЛЬНОЙ СБОРКОЙ ДЛЯ ЗАДНЕЙ ПОДСВЕТКИ ОДНОЙ ПАНЕЛИ И ДЛЯ ПЕРЕДНЕЙ ПОДСВЕТКИ ДРУГОЙ ПАНЕЛИ

Изобретение относится к микроэлектромеханическим системам (MEMS). Техническим результатом изобретения является изменение оптической интерференции падающего на интерферометрический модулятор света и упрощение конструкции устройства отображения. Раскрыты различные устройства и способы подсветки дисплея. В одном из вариантов осуществления устройство отображения включает в себя дисплей, работающий на пропускание, сконфигурированный, чтобы подсвечиваться через заднюю поверхность; отражательный дисплей, сконфигурированный, чтобы подсвечиваться через переднюю поверхность; источник света, расположенный относительно задней стороны дисплея, работающего на пропускание; световод, расположенный относительно источника света таким образом, чтобы принимать свет из источника света, и сконфигурирован для распространения упомянутого света из условия, чтобы этот свет обеспечивал переднюю подсветку отражательного дисплея. 10 н. и 62 з.п. ф-лы, 24 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО С ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬЮ ВИДЕОФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОГО И СПЕКТРОСКОПИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ КОНТРОЛЯ И ОЦЕНКИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ФОТОСЕНСИБИЛИЗАТОРОВ В БИОТКАНЯХ

Полезная модель относится к области устройств и аппаратуры для терапии и диагностики с использованием лазерного луча и предназначена для проведения исследований фотосенсибилизаторов in vitro, in situ и in vivo с возможностью видеофлуоресцентного и спектроскопического анализа распределения фотосенсибилизаторов в биотканях мелких лабораторных животных, а также для осуществления контролируемого фотодинамического воздействия и оценки его эффективности. Устройство с возможностью видеофлуоресцентного и спектроскопического анализа для контроля и оценки распределения фотосенсибилизаторов в биотканях, включающее блок генерации лазерного излучения с оптическим фильтром, модуль оптического переключения каналов ввода излучения, волоконно-оптический модуль доставки и приема излучения, волоконно-оптический модуль доставки излучения с изменяемой апертурой исходящего излучения, блок позиционирования, блок регистрации видеофлуоресцентных изображений с оптическим фильтром, блок анализа спектральных данных ...

МОНИТОРИНГ ОБЪЕКТОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАЕМЫЕ ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ УСТРОЙСТВА И КОНТРОЛЛЕРЫ

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЦВЕТОМ НА ДИСПЛЕЕ

... 1. Дисплей, содержащиймножество пикселей, причем каждый включает в себя красный, зеленый и синий интерференционный модуляторы, которые выполнены с возможностью вывода красного, зеленого и синего света соответственно,при этом каждый из пикселей выполнены с возможностью вывода более интенсивности зеленого света, чем красного света, и выполнен с возможностью вывода более высокой интенсивности зеленого света, чем синего света, ипри этом, по меньшей мере, один из интерференционных модуляторов, выполненных с возможностью вывода красного света, и интерференционных модуляторов, выполненных с возможностью вывода синего света, выполнен с возможностью вывода света, имеющего длину волны, выполненную с возможностью компенсации упомянутой более высокой интенсивности зеленого света.2. Дисплей по п.1, в котором длина волны выполнена, по существу, равной приблизительно одной длине волны, λ, соответствующей красному свету, для получения отражения красного второго порядка.3. Дисплей по п.1, в котором длина ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОВОЙ РЕАКЦИЕЙ В МОДУЛЯТОРЕ

... 1. Устройство интерферометрической модуляции света, содержащее частично отражающую часть, термочувствительную подвижную часть, которая перемещается относительно частично отражающей части в ответ на изменение температуры, и тепловой источник, выполненный с возможностью нагревания подвижной части для изменения расстояния между частично отражающей частью и подвижной частью. 2. Устройство интерферометрической модуляции света по п.1, в котором тепловой источник находится в контакте с подвижной частью. 3. Устройство интерферометрической модуляции света по п.2, в котором тепловой источник является резистивным нагревателем. 4. Устройство интерферометрической модуляции света по п.3, в котором резистивный нагреватель содержит металлический проводник. 5. Устройство интерферометрической модуляции света по п.4, в котором тепловой источник содержит диэлектрический материал, расположенный между металлическим проводником и подвижной частью и электрически изолирующий металлический проводник от подвижной ...

FLÜSSIGKRISTALLPROJEKTOR MIT HOLOGRAPHISCHER FILTERVORRICHTUNG

Lichtmodulationsvorrichtung

Vorrichtung, Anordnung und Verfahren zur Interferenzstrukturierung von flächigen Proben

Vorrichtung zur Interferenzstrukturierung einer flächigen Probe (P) mit einem Laser (1), einem im Strahlengang des Lasers angeordneten ein- oder mehrteiligen Fokussierelement (3, 3a, 3b), mit dem die Laserstrahlung (2) in einer ersten Raumrichtung (y) fokussierbar ist, einem Probenvolumen (5), in dem die flächige Probe (P) in einem Interferenzbereich (6) platzierbar ist, einem im Strahlengang des Lasers (1) angeordneten ersten Prisma (4), einem im Strahlengang des Lasers (1) vor dem ersten Prisma (4) angeordneten weiteren, zweiten Prisma (13), mit dem die Laserstrahlung (2) auf zwei erste Strahlenbündel (2a', 2b') so aufteilbar ist, dass diese ersten Strahlenbündel (2a', 2b') zumindest teilweise getrennt voneinander sind, bevor sie auf das erste Prisma (4) auftreffen, wobei die ersten Strahlenbündel (2a', 2b') mit dem ersten Prisma (4) in einer zweiten Raumrichtung (x) als zweite Strahlenbündel (2a, 2b) so auf das Probenvolumen (5) richtbar sind, dass die beiden zweiten Strahlenbündel ( ...

Lichtverstärker mit einem mehrstufigen optischen Isolator

DEFEKT-PIXEL-KOMPENSATIONSVERFAHREN

Reflecting devices

OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR OPTICAL DISK DEVICES

Optical fibre amplifier using a circulator and a fibre-loop mirror

An optical fiber amplifier for achieving high gain of a small signal, including a pump laser diode (LD) for applying pumping light to amplify weak incident signal light, a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) for coupling the incident signal light and the pumping light output from the pump LD into an optical fiber, a fiber amplification medium for amplifying the incident light signal output from the WDM using the pumping light of the pump LD, and for amplifying a feedback signal light reentering the fiber amplification medium from a coupler, a coupler with a loop mirror, for reflecting the incident signal light which has already been amplified by the fiber amplification medium in a loop and sending the reflected signal light back to the fiber amplification medium, and a circulator in front of the WDM, for receiving weak incident signal light and transmitting the weak incident signal light to the WDM, and outputting the feedback signal light, amplified by the fiber amplification medium ...

Optical modulation

IMAGER CHIP MOUNTING

Small tank of dispersion.

LOAD-STEERED MIRROR WITH DIAPHRAGM CONTROL

SCANNING UNIT WITH ROTARY PRISMS

SIMILAR INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR MECHANISM

ILLUSTRATING OPTICAL EQUIPMENT

PAPER WHITE BISTABILE DIRECT VISION INDICATOR

PROJECTION DEVICE WITH MEANS FOR ADJUSTMENT THE POLARIZATION DIRECTION AND WITH TRANSLUCENT AND - STREWING SCREEN

LIGHT-MODULATING FILM WITH INCREASED TRANSPARENCY FOR A LIGHT VALVE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE INTENSITY-DEPENDENT WEAKENING OF LIGHT

Wavelength selective switch

Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array

Method and post structures for interferometric modulation

DEVICE FOR APPLYING LIGHT TO A LINEAR ARRAY OF MAGNETO- OPTICAL LIGHT SWITCHES

Method and device for automatically controlling a polarizing filter

VISUAL DISPLAY BY ELECTRIC CONTROL OF SCATTERING OF LIGHT FROM A BEAM GUIDED N ELASTOMER FILM

OPHTHALMIC DYNAMIC APERTURE

Embodiments of the present invention relate to an electro-active element having a dynamic aperture. The electro-active element provides increased dep th of field and may be used in a non- focusing ophthalmic device that that i s spaced apart from but in optical communication with an intraocular lens, a corneal inlay, a corneal onlay, a contact lens, or a spectacle lens that pr ovide an optical power. The electro-active element provides increased depth of field and may also be used in a focusing or non-focusing device such as a n intraocular optic, an intraocular lens, a corneal inlay, a corneal onlay, or a contact lens which may or may not have an optical power. By changing th e diameter of dynamic aperture either increased depth of field or increased light reaching the retina may be achieved.

DEVICE FOR APPLYING LIGHT TO A LINEAR ARRAY OF MAGNETO-OPTICAL LIGHT SWITCHES, NOTABLY FOR OPTICAL PRINTERS

SPD LIGHT VALVES INCORPORATING FILMS COMPRISING IMPROVED MATRIX POLYMERS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SUCH MATRIX POLYMERS

FLUORESCENT ARTICLE HAVING MULTIPLE LAYERS

A fluorescent article includes an underlayer colored fluorescent film and an overlayer colored fluorescent film, which is provided over the underlayer colored fluorescent film. The underlayer colored fluorescent film includes a first fluorescent colorant in an underlayer polymer matrix. The overlayer colored fluorescent film includes a second fluorescent colorant in an overlayer polymer matrix. The second fluorescent colorant in the overlayer film at least partially blocks light in a first wavelength range while allowing transmission of an amount of light in a second wavelength range effective to make the first fluorescent colorant fluoresce.

OPTICALLY VARIABLE DEVICES, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE

Disclosed herein are devices that change their appearance and / or physical properties when under an external influence, and methods for their production and use. Such devices may be used as features of any type of items, documents, billboards, posters, display devices, advertisements and other items etc. and may be adapted to include decipherable content. Such devices also afford new techniques for a user to check quickly and easily whether the item is a legitimate or a counterfeit copy, either by hand- manipulation of the device, or with the assistance of an additional screening tool.

ADJUSTABLE REFLECTION CONTROL DEVICE FOR FIBER OPTICS

AN ADJUSTABLE REFLECTION CONTROL DEVICE FOR FIBER OPTICS An adjustable reflection control device for fiber optics comprising a resolution adjustment knob, a small shaft, a small gear, a large gear, a large shaft and a fiber optic coupler wherein the resolution of the device is proportional to the diameter of the shaft, the larger the radius of the shaft is, the smaller the rate of change of the bending loss will be, hence, the resolution obtained can be higher. The reflection of the fiber optics can be indicated on the adjustment knob. Whenever the diameter of the shaft has to be changed, only the shaft needs to be changed and the gear remains unchanged.

LIGHT ADMITTING THERMAL INSULATING STRUCTURE

... 2141217 9402313 PCTABS00030 A light admitting thermal insulating structure (10) having controllable transmissivity to visible radiation (11) comprises a first layer (15) generally transparent to light, a second layer (17) generally transparent or absorptive to light and spaced from the first layer; an improved partition means separates the space between the layers into compartments; a thermal radiation suppression device (16) for suppressing thermal radiation transmission; and a variable transparency device (18) for controlling transmission of light. A suitable partition includes a novel convection baffle which transmits light and thermal radiation which improves the thermal resistance and/or reduces the cost of low emissivity layers (16).

LIGHT MODULATING MICRODEVICE AND METHOD

The invention relates to spatial light modulators (SLM) for amplitude and phase modulation of incident light. A "flexure" hinge which is provided between the SLM's substrate and micromirror comprises integral hinged sections which allow for the micromirror to tilt or to move in a piston-like fashion relative to the substrate in response to an electrostatic force. The hinge is particularly advantageous for large mirrors. In addition, the hinge can provide improved heat sinking capability over previously reported SLM hinge designs based on torsion bars and cantilever beams. The flexure hinge has sufficient mechanical flexibility that the SLM actuation voltage required is not excessively high. The flexure hinge has many applications, the preferred ones being a SLM for modulating high-energy beams and a SLM for optical channel switching.

Einrichtung zur Verstärkung der Intensität eines optisch erzeugten Bildes

Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines fliessfähigen, lichtmodulierenden Mediums

OLIGO (PHENYLENMETHYLEN) RESORCIN CONTAINING FLUID WITH INCREASED STABILITY AGAINST RADIATION DAMAGES.

Light source and projector

Ink containing anthraquinone pigment, pigment used in that ink and display

Disclosed is an anthraquinone pigment having superior solubility in a low polar solvent, a high absorbance coefficient and high light resistance and an ink containing the same. Specifically disclosed is an ink containing an anthraquinone pigment represented by general formula (I) and a low polar solvent. [In the formula (I), X indicates a hydrogen atom or COOR3 group; R1 - R3 indicate independent optionally substituted C1-20 alkyl groups, but at least one of R1 - R3 is an optionally substituted C4-20 branched chain alkyl group, with any substitution other than an anthraquinone group, X, NHR1 and NHR2 allowed.] ...

Manufacturing structure and process for compliant mechanisms

The invention relates, in various aspects, to systems and methods for MEMS actuated displays that can be driven at high speeds and at low voltages for improved image quality and reduced power consumption.

Projector device

ELECTRICAL DISPLACEMENT MATERIAL, OPTICAL ELEMENT USING SAME, MICRO LENS ARRAY, AND METHOD OF DEVELOPING OPTICAL ELEMENT

Provided are an electrical displacement material with reduced driving voltage, and technology for applying same. An optical element is developed by placing, between a first electrode and a second electrode, an electrical displacement material obtained by adding an ionic liquid having a negative ion transport number of at least 0.4 at 25 DEG C, or an ionic surfactant having a negative ion transport number of at least 0.2 at 25 DEG C, to a gel-like high molecular material. In such optical element, the level of applied voltage that deforms the electrical displacement material is reduced, and with the reduced voltage being applied, an optical scatter body is formed on the surface of the first electrode or the second electrode.

OPTICAL SYSTEM HAS DIAPHRAGM OF PARTIAL ZONE

LIQUID OF MODULATION OF LIGHT

Process of adjustment of the spectral composition of a beam of light

PANNEAU D'AFFICHAGE UTILISANT UN FILM ELASTOMERE

Panneau d'affichage utilisant un film élastomère. Il comprend un substrat isolant 10, des lignes conductrices 12, un film mince élastique 11, des lignes conductrices 16 perpendiculaires aux lignes conductrices 12. Des sources lumineuses 18 introduisent la lumière dans le film 14 sous une incidence telle qu'il se produit une réflexion interne totale à l'intérieur du film 14. L'application d'une tension à deux électrodes qui se croisent produit au point d'intersection une déformation du film 14 permettant à la lumière de sortir du film.

LIGHT?MODULATING MEDIUM FOR IMAGE PROJECTION APPARATUS

POLARIZATION MODULATION WHEEL

조명 광학계 및 노광 장치

... 본 발명에 따르면, 파장판으로서 기능하는 광학 부재의 제조 오차의 영향을 실질적으로 받지 않고, 소망하는 편광 상태의 광으로 피조사면을 조명하는 조명 광학 장치, 또한, 광원(1)으로부터의 광에 근거하여 피조사면(M, W)을 조명하는 조명 광학 장치를 제공한다. 본 발명의 장치는, 조명 동공면 또는 그 근방에 배치되어, 입사광의 편광 상태를 소정의 편광 상태로 변환하기 위한 편광 변환 소자(12)를 구비하고 있다. 편광 변환 소자는, 입사하는 직선 편광에 선광 각도를 가변적으로 부여하기 위한 복수의 가변 선광 부재를 갖는다. 각 가변 선광 부재는, 선광성을 갖는 광학 재료에 의해 형성되고 광축(AX)과 교차하는 방향을 따라 상대적으로 이동 가능한 2개의 편각 프리즘을 갖는다.

조명광학계, 조명 광학 장치, 노광 장치, 및 디바이스 제조 방법

... 본 발명은 소망의 형상 및 소망의 조도의 동공 강도 분포를 형성할 수 있고, 또한 풍부한 다양성의 조명 조건을 실현할 수 있는 조명 광학 장치에 관한 것이다. 조명 광학 장치는, 광의 입사 순서로 배치된 제 1 공간 광 변조기(2)와 제 2 공간 광 변조기(3)로 이루어지는 공간 광 변조 유닛과, 제 1 공간 광 변조기 및 제 2 공간 광 변조기를 통과한 광속에 근거해서 조명 동공에 소정의 광 강도 분포를 형성하는 분포 형성 광학계(5, 7)를 포함한다. 제 1 공간 광 변조기(2)는, 2차원적으로 배열되어서 그 자세가 각각 개별로 제어되는 복수의 제 1 광학 요소(2a)를 구비한다. 제 2 공간 광 변조기는, 제 1 광학 요소에 대응해서 배열되어서 그 자세가 각각 개별로 제어되는 복수의 제 2 광학 요소를 구비한다.

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SENSING ACTUATION VOLTAGE AND RELEASE VOLTAGE OF INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR FOR EFFECTIVELY ADAPTING CHARACTERISTIC VARIATION

PURPOSE: A system and a method for sensing an actuation voltage and a release voltage of an interferometric modulator are provided to effectively adapt to a variation in the characteristic of a MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System) caused by heat to prevent an erroneous operation due to the variation. CONSTITUTION: At least two different voltages are applied to at least one electrode coupled to a MEMS. At least one electrical response of the MEMS to the at least two different voltages is detected. The state of the MEMS at the two different voltages is judged at least partially based on the electrical response. One or both of an actuation voltage and a release voltage is determined at least partially based on the judged state of the MEMS. © KIPO 2006 ...

PROCESSO E DISPOSICAO PARA O RECONHECIMENTO DE PERTUBACOES EM INSTALACOES CONTRA PERIGOS SOBRETUDO EM INSTALACOES DE ALARME DE INCENDIO

Filter controlling expression derivation method, light measurement system, control method for fabry-perot interference filter, and filter control program

This filter controlling expression derivation method comprises: a preparation step for preparing a Fabry-Perot interference filter in which a distance between a fixed mirror part and a movable mirror part is controlled by achieving a balance between electrostatic force and elastic force; a first derivation step for deriving a relational expression between a deflection amount of the movable mirror part and an elastic index of the movable mirror part by performing a predetermined measurement, the elastic index being described as a second or higher-degree polynomial with the deflection amount as a variable; and a second derivation step for deriving, as a filter controlling expression, a relational expression between the transmission wavelength and voltage of light transmitted through the Fabry-Perot interference filter on the basis of the relational expression between the deflection amount and the elastic index and a relational expression between electrostatic force and elastic force, wherein ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANIPULATING COLOR IN A DISPLAY

A method and device for manipulating color in a display includes a display in which one or more display elements, such as interferometric modulators, configured to output colored light and one or more display elements configured to output white light. Other embodiments include methods of making such displays. In addition, embodiments include color displays configured to provide a greater proportion of the intensity of output light in green portions of the visible spectrum in order to increase perceived brightness of the display. Figure 13 ...

Holographic reconstruction system whith an optical wave tracking means

OPTICAL BEAM POSITIONING UNIT FOR ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE

This invention relates to an optical light beam positioning system that enables the combination of two or more light beams of different wavelengths to be focused onto a probe or sample of a scientific instrument, such as an atomic force microscope, for a number of specific uses typical to AFMs, like measuring the deflection or oscillation of the probe and illuminating an object for optical imaging, and less traditional ones like photothermal excitation of the probe, photothermal activated changes in the sample, photothermal cleaning of the probe and photochemical, photovoltaic, photothermal and other light beam induced changes in the sample. The focused light beams may be independently positioned relative to each other.

OPTICAL ELEMENT HAVING POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE ON INCIDENT LIGHT, FOR VARYING FOCUSED LIGHT PATTERN

The present invention relates to an optical element having polarization dependence on incident light, for varying a focused light pattern. The optical element for varying a focused light pattern comprises: a first lens structure consisting of an array of first lenticular lenses which are formed of liquid crystal (phase) polymers having a first extraordinary refractive index axis direction and have a major axis thereof aligned in a first alignment direction; and a second lens structure which is stacked on the beam emitting surface of the first lens structure and consists of an array of second lenticular lenses which are formed of liquid crystal (phase) polymers having a second extraordinary refractive index axis direction and have a major axis thereof aligned in a second alignment direction. The optical element for varying a focused light pattern according to the present invention is configured such that the beam pattern of light output from the second lens structure is determined according ...

FOLDABLE DISPLAY DEVICE

A foldable display device includes a flexible display panel including a first plane region, a second plane region, and a folding region positioned between the first plane region and the second plane region, a window on the flexible display panel, the window including an excess region that does not overlap the flexible display panel in at least one plane region direction of the first plane region and the second plane region based on the folding region while covering the flexible display panel, and a deformation preventing sheet overlapping the excess region of the window.

TUNABLE SPECTRAL FILTER COMPRISING FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER

Tunable spectral filter includes a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI), at least three actuators, at least three respective spring elements, and at least three respective sensors. The FPI includes two optical elements each having a partially reflective surface, with an optical cavity defining an optical gap between the two surfaces. The actuators, spring elements and sensors are disposed along the periphery of the optical elements. Multi-wavelength incident light enters the first optical element toward the optical cavity. Each actuator applies a selective force to move the optical element surfaces relative to each other, as the respective spring element applies an opposing force, thereby establishing an optical gap width, while maintaining the optical element surfaces substantially in parallel. Each sensor continuously detects the optical gap width and the planar parallelism, and provides a feedback signal to the actuators to apply selective forces to adjust the optical gap width or planar ...

Device for applying light to a linear array of magneto-optical light switches, notably for optical printers

A device for illuminating a line-shaped light switching mask having a plurality of magneto-optical light modulation elements and which is arranged between polarizers, comprising a light source, an optical transmission system for transmitting as large as possible part of the light emitted by the light source to the light switching mask, and at least one optical body which is arranged in the light path between the light source and the light switching mask in order to homogenize the light distribution. The optical transmission system comprises an adapter whose entrance surface corresponds to the geometry of the light source and whose exit surface corresponds to the geometry of the line-shaped light switching mask and a thin light conductor plate. The line direction of the exit surface of the adapter as well as that of the light switching mask extends in the plane of said plate.

Active yoke hidden hinge digital micromirror device

A spatial light modulator (10) of the DMD type having increased performance parameters. A pixel mirror (30) is supported by a yoke (32), whereby electrostatic attraction forces (70, 76, 80, 82) are generated between several structures. First, between the elevated mirror (30) and an elevated address electrode (50, 52). Second, between the yoke (32) and an underlying address electrode (26, 28). The pixel (30) achieves high address torque, high latching torques, high reset forces, and greater address margins over previous generation devices. The proximity of the yoke (32) over the substrate address electrodes (26, 28) realizes large attraction forces whereby the pixel is less susceptible to address upset, requires lower reset voltages and provides higher switching speeds.

ILLUMINATOR AND IMAGE DISPLAY

An illuminator includes a laser light source that irradiates laser light, a switch element that switches over between exiting optical paths of the laser light entered, and a plurality of diffusion-illuminating elements that allow the laser light entering through the exiting optical path to exit with diffusion. The plurality of diffusion-illuminating elements are to be superimposed together at least in a part of respective ones of exiting light thereby illuminating an illumination area.

Method of monitoring the manufacture of interferometric modulators

Process control monitors are disclosed that are produced using at least some of the same process steps used to manufacture a MEMS device. Analysis of the process control monitors can provide information regarding properties of the MEMS device and components or sub-components in the device. This information can be used to identify errors in processing or to optimize the MEMS device. In some embodiments, analysis of the process control monitors may utilize optical measurements.

Electrical conditioning of MEMS device and insulating layer thereof

A method of fabricating a MEMS device includes conditioning of an insulating layer by applying a voltage across the insulating layer via a conductive sacrificial layer for a period of time, prior to removal of the conductive sacrificial layer. This conditioning process may be used to saturate or stabilize charge accumulated within the insulating layer. The resistance across the insulating layer may also be measured to detect possible defects in the insulating layer.

Thermal morphing anisogrid structure

A thermally-controlled actuator includes a cylindrical anisogrid structure formed from a plurality of circumferentially offset clockwise and counter-clockwise helical members, and a plurality of longitudinally offset cylindrical ring members. A thermal control element is configured to control the temperature of at least some of the members. The cylindrical anisogrid structure has a top interface constraint and a bottom interface constraint, and the thermal control element is configured to control a displacement of the top interface constraint relative to the bottom interface constraint via control of the temperature of at least one of the helical members.

Spatial light modulation unit, illumination optical apparatus, exposure apparatus, and device manufacturing method

This invention relates to an illumination optical apparatus capable of forming a pupil intensity distribution of a desired shape and desired illuminance and, in turn, capable of realizing illumination conditions of great variety. The illumination optical apparatus has a spatial light modulation unit composed of a first spatial light modulator and a second spatial light modulator arranged in an order of incidence of light, and a distribution forming optical system to form a predetermined light intensity distribution on an illumination pupil, based on a beam having traveled via the first spatial light modulator and the second spatial light modulator. The first spatial light modulator has a plurality of first optical elements which are two-dimensionally arranged and postures of which each are individually controlled. The second spatial light modulator has a plurality of second optical elements which are two-dimensionally arranged in correspondence to the first optical elements and postures ...

Light Coloring System

A rainbow wheel that colors light that is passed therethrough. The wheel can be formed using a photolithographic process. Another supermagenta wheel can be used to increase the number of colors that can be obtained.

MULTI-STATE SHUTTER ASSEMBLIES HAVING SEGMENTED DRIVE ELECTRODE SETS

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus incorporating display elements having light modulators that can operate in more than two states. In some implementations, the light modulator assembly includes an electrostatic actuator that includes a load electrode coupled to a shutter and a drive electrode set positioned proximate to the load electrode. The drive electrode set includes a plurality of discrete portions that are configured to drive the light modulator assembly to a plurality of different light modulator states. In some such implementations, the portions of the drive electrode set are positioned opposite to corresponding regions of the load electrode. In some implementations, the portions are arranged such that the portions are configured to electrostatically engage with adjacent regions of the load electrode.

Anamorphic Objective Lens System and Method For Forming Anamorphic Objective Lens Assemblies Having Different Focal Lengths

The anamorphic objective lens systems (100LS) and methods for forming a set of anamorphic objective lens assemblies (100(i)) having different focal lengths (FLY) and that utilize a front anamorphic section (20) and a set of two or more non-anamorphic sections (50(i)). The non-anamorphic sections are optically matched to the front anamorphic section and their front ends (52) are configured to be easily attached to and detached from the back end (24) of the front anamorphic section to create the anamorphic objective lens assemblies having the different focal lengths. Because the anamorphic objective lens system uses only a single front anamorphic section and multiple non-anamorphic attachments, the cost of having multiple anamorphic objective lens assemblies is substantially reduced as compared to using individual anamorphic objective lenses for each of the desired focal lengths.

LENS WITH LOW BIREFRINGENCE, METHOD OF FABRICATING THE LENS, AND LIGHT SCANNING UNIT INCLUDING THE LENS

There are provided a lens, a method of fabricating the lens, and a light scanning unit. The lens includes a lens portion having an effective optical surface, and a gate-side flange portion between the lens portion and a gate-side end of the lens. If the lens is disposed between two polarizers configured to polarize light linearly in perpendicular directions and is illuminated in an optical axis direction, interference fringes are generated on the lens, and peripheral interference fringes of the interference fringes extend continuously from the gate-side end and are longer than the gate-side flange portion.

Display structure with high-brightness diffuse reflector and manufacturing method thereof

A display structure having a high-brightness diffuse reflector, an electrowetting display structure based on the display structure, an in-cell type electrowetting display structure and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The display structure comprises panel glass (1), a display layer (2) and substrate glass (3), wherein a high-brightness diffuse reflection polymer thin film material (4) is arranged under the substrate glass (3); the panel glass (1), the display layer (2), the substrate glass (3) and the diffuse reflection polymer thin film material (4) are stacked in sequence. According to the display structure and manufacturing method thereof of the invention, the required diffuse reflection and contrast ratio approximate to paper can be provided by placing a high-brightness diffuse reflection polymer thin film under a substrate or a display layer of a plate display structure as a diffuse reflection layer or a diffuse reflector.

Portable electronic device with a laser projection display

A portable electronic device, such as a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is coupled with a foldable keyboard and a laser projection device (LPD). The LPD may be controllable to display in a first format or size on a back lit screen contained with the PDA or in a second format or size on an external screen or wall.

Lamina for the rotation of the direction of polarisation in an optical fibre and its application

干渉変調器のアクチュエーション電圧とリリース電圧を検出するシステムおよび方法

СПОСОБЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ДИСПЛЕЕВ С АКТИВНОЙ МАТРИЦЕЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПЕРЕМЕННОСТИ ЕМКОСТИ ПИКСЕЛЬНОГО УСТРОЙСТВА

Изобретение относится к электромеханическим системам. Устройство для отображения изображения содержит по меньшей мере один интерферометрический модулятор, имеющий множество состояний, переключатель возбуждения, связывающий по меньшей мере один интерферометрический модулятор с шиной напряжения возбуждения при адресации посредством шины адресации возбуждения, и переключатель сброса, связывающий по меньшей мере один интерферометрический модулятор с шиной напряжения сброса при адресации посредством шины адресации сброса. Каждое из указанных состояний соответствует одному из множества уровней заряда, приложенного к по меньшей мере одному интерферометрическому модулятору и включает в себя по меньшей мере первое состояние и второе состояние. Емкость интерферометрического модулятора выше в первом состоянии, чем во втором состоянии. Шина напряжения сброса выполнена с возможностью установления по меньшей мере одного интерферометрического модулятора в первое состояние, когда связана с по меньшей мере ...

УСТРОЙСТВА МЭМС, ИМЕЮЩИЕ ПОДДЕРЖИВАЮЩИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ, И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Устройства МЭМС изготавливают следующим образом. Берут подложку. Наносят на нее электродный слой. Наносят поверх электродного слоя временный слой. Формируют во временном слое рельеф с образованием отверстий. Наносят поверх временного слоя подвижный слой. Формируют поддерживающие структуры, расположенные над подвижным слоем и по меньшей мере частично в отверстиях в временном слое. Между по меньшей мере двумя поддерживающими структурами проходит участок подвижного слоя. Травят временный слой для его удаления, благодаря чему между подвижным слоем и электродным слоем образуется полость. Участок подвижного слоя выполнен с возможностью деформации и прижима к нижележащим слоям в ответ на образование электростатического потенциала между подвижным слоем и электродным слоем. 8 н. и 120 з.п. ф-лы, 101 ил.

МОДУЛЯТОР С РАЗДЕЛЯЕМЫМИ СВОЙСТВАМИ

Изобретение относится к модуляторам с разделяемыми свойствами. Данный модулятор имеет зеркало, свешенное с гибкого слоя над полостью. Этот гибкий слой также образует опоры и опорные столбики для зеркала. Альтернативная конструкция модулятора с разделяемыми свойствами имеет зеркало, подвешенное над полостью. Этот модулятор опирается на опоры и опорные столбики. Опорные столбики содержат гибкий слой, расположенный поверх заглушек в виде опорных столбиков. На гибком слое, расположенном поверх заглушек в виде опорных столбиков, может быть сформирована шинная структура. 3 н. и 35 з.п.ф-лы, 36 ил.

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ МОНТАЖА В КОРПУС УСТРОЙСТВ НА ОСНОВЕ МЭМС С ВНЕДРЕННЫМ ГАЗОПОГЛОТИТЕЛЕМ

Изобретение относится к микроэлектромеханическим системам (МЭМС). Технический результат направлен на усовершенствование и создание новых изделий. Система для монтажа в корпус устройств на основе MEMS содержит подложку, устройство на основе микроэлектромеханических систем (МЭМС), сформированное на подложке, объединительную плату, уплотнение, расположенное вблизи периметра устройства на основе МЭМС и контактирующее с подложкой и объединительной платой. Причем указанное уплотнение содержит клей, химически активный газопоглотитель, находящийся в контакте с уплотнением по внутренней периферии уплотнения. Способ и устройство реализуются вышеуказанной системой. 4 н. и 37 з.п. ф-лы, 10 ил.

Оптический дефлектор

Полезная модель относится к оптике, в частности к оптическим информационно-измерительным системам, и может найти применение в системах управления положением луча в пространстве, например, лазерного дальномера. Оптический дефлектор, содержащий корпус, в полости которого размещены зеркало, соединенное с корпусом с возможностью качания через держатель зеркала и ось качания, совпадающую с главной осью инерции, и две катушки индуктивности, расположенные на диэлектрическом конусообразном основании по обе стороны от оси качания, на нижней плоскости держателя зеркала на равноудаленном расстоянии от оси качания закреплены два постоянных магнита с вертикальной поляризацией с обеспечением возможности поворота подвижной части оптического дефлектора на малый угол и вхождения постоянных магнитов в центральные отверстия катушек индуктивности с минимальным зазором, схема управления приводом держателя зеркала содержит датчик положения с дифференциальной емкостной парой, и микропроцессорный блок управления ...

СВЕТОВОЙ УСИЛИТЕЛЬ С МНОГОСТУПЕНЧАТЫМ ОПТИЧЕСКИМ ВЕНТИЛЕМ

Световой усилитель содержит только один многоступенчатый оптический вентиль, что уменьшает его размер и снижает стоимость производства. Многоступенчатый оптический вентиль имеет два входных отверстия и два выходных отверстия для отсекания обратного потока проходящего света, когда проходящий входной свет входит в первое входное отверстие и когда выходящий свет входит во второе входное отверстие. Источник накачки генерирует свет, используемый для усиления слабого входного света. Модулятор с разделением по длинам волн модулирует свет, генерируемый источником накачки, и свет, прошедший через многоступенчатый оптический вентиль. Оптическое волокно усиливает свет из модулятора и излучает усиленный свет через первое отверстие многоступенчатого оптического вентиля. 6 з. п. ф-лы, 7 ил.

СПОСОБ СТЕРЕОСКОПИЧЕСКОГО ОТОБРАЖЕНИЯ С ВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕМ ПАР ПОЛНОЭКРАННЫХ РАКУРСНЫХ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к области стереоскопических видеосистем. Технический результат – обеспечение параллельного получения стереоизображений двух разных 3D сцен для двух наблюдателей без мерцаний с использованием одного и того же экрана. Стереоскопическое устройство с воспроизведением пар полноэкранных ракурсных изображений содержит источник стереовидеосигнала, функциональный блок и последовательно оптически связанные источник светового потока, матрично-адресуемый по М строкам и N столбцам амплитудно-поляризационный экран и одну пару поляризационных декодеров с взаимно комплементарными свойствами поляризационной фильтрации, выходы которых оптически сопряжены с двумя окнами наблюдения, причем поляризационные декодеры выполнены в виде двух пар поляризационно-декодирующих оптических затворов, снабженных поляризационными фильтрами на своих оптических входах и блоками управления на своих электронных входах, при этом первой и второй парам поляризационно-декодирующих оптических затворов соответствуют ...

ИНТЕРФЕРОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ОПТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА ОТОБРАЖЕНИЯ С ШИРОКОДИАПАЗОННЫМИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМИ

... 1. Способ изготовления дисплея на основе микроэлектромеханических систем для использования с широкодиапазонным белым светом, согласно которому ! берут прозрачную подложку и ! формируют на ней матрицу интерферометрических модуляторов, при этом ! по меньшей мере на часть прозрачной подложки осаждают поглощающее вещество, причем коэффициент поглощения (k) указанного поглощающего вещества ниже порогового значения для длин световых волн в рабочем оптическом диапазоне интерферометрического модулятора, и ! формируют на указанном поглощающем веществе отражающий слой. ! 2. Способ по п.1, при котором указанное пороговое значение составляет примерно 2,5. ! 3. Способ по п.1, согласно которому ! между поглощающим веществом и отражающим слоем дополнительно формируют временный слой и ! удаляют по меньшей мере часть временного слоя, посредством чего формируют зазор между поглощающим веществом и отражающим слоем. ! 4. Способ по п.1, согласно которому между подложкой и отражающим слоем дополнительно формируют ...

СПОСОБ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ТРАВЛЕНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СЛОЕВ ОСТАНОВКИ ТРАВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Недеактивируемый интерферометрический модулятор, содержащий жертвенный слой; металлический зеркальный слой поверх жертвенного слоя; и однородный слой между жертвенным слоем и металлическим зеркальным слоем. 2. Недеактивируемый интерферометрический модулятор по п.1, в котором жертвенный слой содержит, по меньшей мере, материал, выбранный из аморфного кремния, германия и молибдена. 3. Недеактивируемый интерферометрический модулятор по п.2, в котором однородный слой содержит слой остановки травления. 4. Недеактивируемый интерферометрический модулятор по п.3, в котором слой остановки травления содержит материал, состоящий из, по меньшей мере, оксида кремния, аморфного кремния, нитрида кремния, германия, титана и вольфрама. 5. Недеактивируемый интерферометрический модулятор по п.3, в котором жертвенный слой содержит, по меньшей мере, материал, выбранный из германия и молибдена. 6. Недеактивируемый интерферометрический модулятор, по п.3, в котором жертвенный слой содержит аморфный материал ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ЦВЕТОВОГО СДВИГА НА ДИСПЛЕЕ

... 1. Система отображения для отображения изображения, причем система отображения содержит множество интерферометрических модуляторов, выполненных с возможностью модуляции света, падающего на их поверхность; и собирающий оптический элемент, позиционированный относительно поверхности, по меньшей мере, одного из множества интерферометрических модуляторов таким образом, что фокусное расстояние оптического элемента больше, чем расстояние между оптическим элементом и указанной поверхностью. 2. Система отображения по п.1, в которой оптический элемент содержит оптический элемент с положительной оптической силой. 3. Система отображения по п.1, в которой оптический элемент содержит дифракционный оптический элемент. 4. Система отображения по п.1, в которой оптический элемент имеет апертуру большую, чем общая апертура двух из множества интерферометрических модуляторов. 5. Система отображения по п.1, в которой оптический элемент имеет апертуру большую, чем общая апертура множества интерферометрических ...

СПОСОБ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ ИСКАЖЕНИЙ, ВНОСИМЫХ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОЙ АТМОСФЕРОЙ В ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ СИГНАЛ, ПОЛУЧАЕМЫЙ ОТ НАБЛЮДАЕМОГО КОСМИЧЕСКОГО ТЕЛА

Изобретение относится области адаптивной оптики и может быть использовано для локации с земли движущихся космических объектов. В способе компенсации атмосферных искажений, вносимых турбулентной атмосферой в оптический сигнал, получаемый от наблюдаемого космического тела (КТ), осуществляют визуализацию и автосопровождение КТ, формируют на заданном упреждении в поле зрения системы визуализации искусственный опорный источник - натриевую оптическую звезду (НЗ) с помощью лазера, направляют регистрируемый оптический сигнал от КТ и НЗ на адаптивную оптическую систему (АОС), и через селективный оптический элемент отводят сигнал НЗ на регистратор. Передача сигнала происходит в два этапа, на первом сигнал проходит АОС без внесения ею дополнительных искажений, а на втором этапе с помощью АОС вносят поправки в волновой фронт регистрируемого сигнала, организуют замкнутый цикл работы АОС по обратной связи с помощью сигнала НЗ на регистраторе, затем о выполнении компенсации судят по достижению плоского ...

СПОСОБЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ДИСПЛЕЕВ С АКТИВНОЙ МАТРИЦЕЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПЕРЕМЕННОСТИ ЕМКОСТИ ПИКСЕЛЬНОГО УСТРОЙСТВА

... 1. Устройство содержащее:по меньшей мере один интерферометрический модулятор, имеющий множество состояний, причем каждое из состояний соответствует одному из множества уровней заряда, приложенного к по меньшей мере одному интерферометрическому модулятору, причем множество состояний включает в себя по меньшей мере первое состояние и второе состояние, при этом емкость интерферометрического модулятора выше в первом состоянии, чем во втором состоянии;переключатель возбуждения, связывающий по меньшей мере один интерферометрический модулятор с шиной напряжения возбуждения при адресации посредством шины адресации возбуждения; ипереключатель сброса, связывающий по меньшей мере один интерферометрический модулятор с шиной напряжения сброса при адресации посредством шины адресации возбуждения;при этом шина напряжения сброса выполнена с возможностью установления по меньшей мере одного интерферометрического модулятора в первое состояние, когда связана с по меньшей мере одним интерферометрическим модулятором ...

ОТРАЖАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ДИСПЛЕЙ СО СРЕДСТВОМ ПОДСВЕТКИ И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ УКАЗАННОГО ДИСПЛЕЯ

... 1. Устройство отображения, содержащее: ! первое средство для отображения изображения, причем упомянутое первое средство отображения является отражательным; ! средство для обеспечения света, расположенное сзади от упомянутого первого средства отображения; ! первое средство для распространения света, расположенное с возможностью приема света от средства для обеспечения света; и ! второе средство для распространения света, расположенное спереди от упомянутого первого средства отображения, причем первое средство для распространения света оптически связано с вторым средством для распространения света, так что свет, излученный упомянутым первым средством для распространения света, направляется в упомянутое второе средство для распространения света, чтобы обеспечить фронтальную подсветку для первого средства отображения. ! 2. Устройство отображения по п.1, дополнительно содержащее второе средство для отображения изображения, причем второе средство для отображения расположено таким образом, что ...

DOPPEL-DISPLAY MIT BELEUCHTENDER BAUGRUPPE ZUR RÜCKBELEUCHTUNG EINER TAFEL UND FRONTBELEUCHTUNG DER ANDEREN TAFEL

Optisches System, insbesondere einer mikrolithographischen Projektionsbelichtungsanlage

Optisches System, mit einer optischen Systemachse (OA) und einer polarisationsbeeinflussenden optischen Anordnung (250, 650), wobei diese polarisationsbeeinflussende optische Anordnung (250, 650) aufweist: wenigstens ein polarisationsbeeinflussendes optisches Element (200), welches aus einem optisch aktiven Material mit einer optischen Kristallachse besteht und ein in Richtung dieser optischen Kristallachse variierendes Dickenprofil aufweist und einen Positionsmanipulator (210) zur Manipulation der Position dieses polarisationsbeeinflussenden optischen Elementes (200), wobei der Positionsmanipulator (210) dazu ausgelegt ist, eine Drehung des polarisationsbeeinflussenden optischen Elementes (200) um eine Drehachse zu bewirken, wobei diese Drehachse in einem Winkel von 90° ± 5° zur optischen Systemachse (OA) angeordnet ist.

Verfahren zur multiplen Phasenlichtmodulation und zugehörige Systeme oder Geräte

Refractor (refracting telescope) having variable refractive behaviour

A refractor is to be created, e.g. for objectives (lenses) or spectacles, whose refractive behaviour can be controlled in an electrically inertia-free manner. The refractor is formed by a transparent, piezopolymeric plastic body (1) whose dimensions (D) can be changed by a voltage (U1) which is applied. The invention can be used in particular for a zoom lens (variable-focus lens), a telescope, or spectacles. ...

REKONFIGURIERBARES OPTISCHES MEMS-GITTER

Blockless fiber optic attenuators and attenuation systems employing dispersion controlled polymers

A light amplifier having a multi-stage optical isolator

LIGHT MODULATING DEVICE

A light modulating device for use in a projection optical system comprises a visco-elastic light modulating layer (66) disposed over a unidirectionally conductive faceplate (28) of a cathode ray tube for applying an electrical pattern by way of one set of electrodes to the layer in order to form elemental phase diffraction gratings, and a further set of electrodes is provided which are capacitively coupled with the first set of electrodes for supplying electrical signals externally of the tube for controlling the electrical pattern applied by the tube.

Method and device for compensating for color shift as a function of angle of view

In one embodiment of the invention, a display is provided and includes a plurality of interferometric display elements. The display further includes at least one diffuser. Optical properties of the diffuser are selected to reduce color shift of the display when viewed from at least one angle.

Optical filter, optical filter module, spectrometric measurement apparatus, and optical apparatus

An optical filter includes a first variable wavelength bandpass filter that extracts light of a first wavelength band and has first and second spectral bands and a second variable wavelength bandpass filter that extracts light of a second wavelength band adjacent to the first wavelength band and has third and fourth spectral bands. Part of the period during which the light of the first spectral band is extracted overlaps with the period during which the light of the third spectral band is extracted, and part of the period during which the light of the second spectral band is extracted overlaps with the period during which the light of the fourth spectral band is extracted.

Tunable spectral filtration device

A tunable spectral filtration device is disclosed that includes one or more pairs of interference filters in series, wherein each element of each pair is independently selected from one or more options, independently positioned to intersect a path of converging or diverging light, and independently tilted with respect to the light path. Each filter may be either of a bandpass type, a shortpass type, a longpass type, a notch type, or multiple combinations thereof. Each filter in the series may be independently selected and tilted to tune the net spectral output of the series. The elements in a pair of filters may be tilted in opposite directions so as to cancel angle-of incidence dependent broadening of the spectral output of the individual filters for noncollimated light, as well as cancel translational shift of the transmitted light rays. The elements in a pair of filters may be tilted through orthogonal tilt axes so as to cancel polarization dependent broadening of the spectral output of the individual filters for light whose polarization state is a superposition of nonzero parallel and perpendicular components relative to the tilt axes.

Optical electrowetting device

The invention concerns an optical electrowetting device a body comprising at least a first external surface and a second internal surface with a conical shape; a liquid-liquid interface between a first and a second immiscible liquids, the first liquid being a conducting liquid and the second liquid being an insulating liquid, wherein the liquid-liquid interface is able to move on the second internal surface by electrowetting effect; a first electrode in contact with the first liquid; a second electrode insulated from the first liquid by an insulating layer, the second electrode comprising at least a first electrical conductive track to be connected to a voltage source and extending from the first external surface of the body to the second internal surface; and a first layer covering the second internal surface of said body and being covered by the insulating layer, wherein the shape of the liquid-liquid interface is controllable by application of at least a first voltage between the first electrode and the first electrical conductive track, and wherein at least one of the body or the first layer is made of a resistive material.

Reflective colour display device

A reflective colour display device comprises a plurality of capillary sub-pixels arranged side by side. Each capillary sub-pixel has a first end and a second end, and a scattering medium disposed between said ends. Each capillary sub-pixel contains a transparent coloured medium which can be reversibly changed to a medium with a different light absorption property in an optical modulation region between the first end and the scattering medium. The optical modulation region of each capillary sub-pixel has a height to width aspect ratio of at least about 3. Light incident on the scattering medium through a first sub-pixel will be scattered into at least one neighbouring sub-pixel having a coloured medium of different colour to coloured medium in the first sub-pixel.

Filter conversion device

A filter conversion device includes a first filter, a second filter, a motor, and a comparator. The motor moves the first and second filters according to a control signal from a processor of the camera. Two input terminals of the comparator are respectively connected to two input terminals of the motor. An output terminal of the comparator is connected to the processor. The comparator detects the control signal transmitted to the motor and feeds back the detection result to the processor, for determining whether the control signal is correct.

Liquid lens and apparatus incorporating the same

A liquid lens includes a vessel having an inner wall and configured to contain liquid, an electrolyte liquid and a non-electrolyte liquid forming an interface therebetween and being contained in the vessel, and a voltage applying unit which applies a voltage to the electrolyte liquid. A shape of the interface between the electrolyte liquid and the non-electrolyte liquid is changed by application of the voltage. The inner wall of the vessel has varying affinity with the non-electrolyte liquid depending on a position on the inner wall where an end of the interface contacts the inner wall; and the affinity on the side of the inner wall where the non-electrolyte liquid is situated is lower than the affinity on the side of the inner wall where the electrolyte liquid is situated.

Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (imod) display

Methods and systems for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display are provided. In one embodiment, an interferometric modulator display pixel is provided that includes a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) interferometric modulator having an associated first color spectrum, and a color absorber located substantially in front of the interferometric modulator display pixel, in which the color absorber has an associated second color spectrum. The micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) interferometric modulator is operable to shift the first color spectrum relative to the second color spectrum to control a visual brightness of the interferometric modulator display pixel independent of a color of the interferometric modulator display pixel.

Illuminating and Targeting Systems and Methods Having Variable Liquid Lens

Systems and methods that incorporate a variable liquid lens are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, a light projecting system includes a light source, and a light processing assembly configured to receive a light beam from the light source and to project an output field. The light processing assembly includes at least one liquid lens configured to controllably process the light beam such that the output field is variable between a relatively-broader illuminating field and a relatively-narrower targeting field. In some embodiments, a controller may controllably adjust the at least one liquid lens to alternately provide the illuminating field and the targeting field, and may controllably adjust at least one dwell time to adjust a brightness of at least one of the illuminating and targeting fields, respectively.

Security device

A security device for authenticating bank notes, documents and other items, comprises a luminescent material for producing luminescent radiation of first and second wavelengths. The security device includes an optically variable structure for controlling emission of luminescent radiation of at least one of the first and second wavelengths from the security device, the security device being arranged to permit, from an area of the optically variable structure, emission of luminescence of the first and second wavelengths from the security device. The optically variable structure causes the relative emissivity of the security device for luminescent radiation of the first and second wavelengths to change with a change m emission angle, so that the security device produces an angle-dependent colour shift m the emitted luminescent radiation. The optically variable structure may comprise an optical interference stack that controls transmission of luminescent radiation therethrough in response to the wavelength of luminescent radiation.

Curvilinear camera lens as monitor cover plate

Disclosed are various implementations of a camera lens that can be positioned between a display device and a user viewing the display device. The camera lens can be transparent to allow such viewing by the user, and also be configured to capture light rays from the user and turn such rays to an imaging sensor to form an image of the user. Such turning of light rays can be achieved by curved features formed on the camera lens. In some implementations, the camera lens is a substantially flat layer having such curved features. Various examples of the curved features are disclosed. Also disclosed are systems and methods for enhancing the image of the user in situations where a portion of a display being viewed is captured by the camera lens and combines with the image of the user.

Interferometric optical display system with broadband characteristics

Broad band white color can be achieved in MEMS display devices by incorporating a material having an extinction coefficient (k) below a threshold value for wavelength of light within an operative optical range of the interferometric modulator. One embodiment provides a method of making the MEMS display device comprising depositing said material over at least a portion of a transparent substrate, depositing a dielectric layer over the layer of material, forming a sacrificial layer over the dielectric, depositing an electrically conductive layer on the sacrificial layer, and forming a cavity by removing at least a portion of the sacrificial layer. The suitable material may comprise germanium, germanium alloy of various compositions, doped germanium or doped germanium-containing alloys, and may be deposited over the transparent substrate, incorporated within the transparent substrate or the dielectric layer.

Medical image processing apparatus and medical image processing method

A medical image processing apparatus is a medical image processing apparatus performing image segmentation processing for a medical image including: a feature value calculating unit that calculates at least one feature value from the medical image; a category setting unit that sets, on the basis of the feature value calculated by the feature value calculating unit, plural categories in the medical image; a parameter setting unit that sets, on the basis of the feature value calculated by the feature value calculating unit, a parameter for each of areas of the medical image respectively classified into the categories set by the category setting unit; and an image segmenting unit that performs the image segmentation processing for the medical image according to an arithmetic operation of employing a dynamic contour model specified according to the number of categories set by the category setting unit and parameters set by the parameter setting unit.

Integrated backlit frontlight for reflective display elements

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including reflective display elements that are illuminated using a light source that is situated behind the pixel elements. In one aspect, a back light guide is disposed behind the pixel elements and is configured to inject light through light-injection apertures between reflective pixel elements. The light travels through the light-injection apertures and into a front light guide. The front light guide comprises light turning features configured to turn the light propagating through the light-injection apertures so that the light is redirected onto the reflective pixel elements, thereby illuminating the reflective pixel elements.

Electrofluidic imaging film, devices, and displays, and methods of making and using the same

A device and method of making and using the same. The device includes first and second substrates that are spaced to define a fluid space. Polar and non-polar fluids occupy the fluid space. A first electrode, with a dielectric layer, is positioned on the first substrate and electrically coupled to at least one voltage source, which is configured to supply an electrical bias to the first electrode. The fluid space includes at least one fluid splitting structure that is configured to facilitate the movement of the non-polar fluid into a portion of the polar fluid. Fluid splitting structure assisted movement of the non-polar fluid splits the polar fluid.

Camera device

A camera device includes: an image pickup element; a birefringent plate fixed to a front surface of the image pickup element; and an optical glass member arranged on an optical path of the image pickup element on a front side of the birefringent plate. The optical glass member has a plurality of optical characteristic areas with different optical characteristics from each other. The optical characteristic areas are switched such that one of the plurality of optical characteristic areas is arranged on the optical path by moving the optical glass member in a direction intersecting with the optical path. The plurality of optical characteristic areas include an infrared cut filter area and a blank glass area. The infrared cut filter area is formed by depositing an infrared cut material with infrared cut characteristics on a surface of the optical glass member.

Method and device for providing electronic circuitry on a backplate

A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate may contain electronic circuitry fabricated on the backplane. The electronic circuitry is placed in electrical communication with the array of interferometric modulators and is configured to control the state of the array of interferometric modulators.

Apparatus for displaying information

The invention relates to an apparatus for displaying information by way of at least one fluid. For this purpose, the apparatus comprises at least one display element having two volumes, wherein the first volume is disposed between a transparent cover layer and a non-transparent intermediate layer and the second volume is disposed between the intermediate layer and a final layer such that only the content of the upper volume is visible. The display according to the invention further comprises at least one fluidic transition, by way of which the fluid can be transported between the two volumes. The apparatus according to the invention has an optimized space requirement, solves the problem of uneven saturation over the surface of a display element, and is additionally not sensitive to mechanical interference.

Optically variable filter apparatus and filter characteristic control method thereof

Light from an optical fiber is incident on a frequency dispersion element. The frequency dispersion element disperses the incident light into light beams in different directions according to their frequencies and directs the dispersed light beams to a lens. The lens develops the incident light beams over an xy plane according to their frequencies in a strip-like form. A frequency selective element has pixels arranged in a frequency dispersion direction and brings pixels located at positions corresponding to the frequency to be selected into a reflective state. A light beam selected by the frequency selective element is emitted from an optical fiber through the same path. By changing reflection characteristics of the frequency selective element according to each pixel, optical filter characteristics can be desirably changed so as to achieve change of passband width and frequency shift.

Optical filter and method for manufacturing optical filter

An optical filter comprising a first substrate, a second substrate having a support portion which supports the first substrate, a first optical film provided on the first substrate, a second optical film provided on the second substrate and arranged to face the first optical film, a first protective film covering at least the first optical film, a second protective film covering at least the second optical film, a first bonding film, a portion of the first bonding film overlapping a surface of the first protective film in a plan view but does not overlapping the first optical film and a second bonding film, a portion of the second bonding film overlapping a surface of the second protective film in the plan view but does not overlapping the second optical film.

Illumination device with light guide coating

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing illumination by using a light guide to distribute light. In one aspect, the light guide includes a light turning film over an optically transmissive supporting layer. The light turning film may be formed of a material deposited in the liquid state. The light turning film may be formed of a photodefinable material, which may be glass, such a spin-on glass, or may be a polymer. In some other implementations, the glass is not photodefinable. The light turning film may have indentations that define light turning features and a protective layer may be formed over those indentations. The protective layer may also be formed of a glass material, such as spin-on glass. The light turning features in the light guide film may be configured to redirect light out of the light guide, for example, to illuminate a display.

Method and system for packaging a display

A package structure and method of packaging for an interferometric modulator. A transparent substrate having an interferometric modulator formed thereon is provided. A backplane is joined to the transparent substrate with a seal where the interferometric modulator is exposed to the surrounding environment through an opening in either the backplane or the seal. The opening is sealed after the transparent substrate and backplane are joined and after any desired desiccant, release material, and/or self-aligning monolayer is introduced into the package structure.

Varifocal lens structure and method of manufacturing the same

A varifocal lens structure and a method of manufacturing the same, the varifocal lens structure including: a frame having a fluid chamber filled with an optical fluid and formed of polymethylsiloxane (PDMS) containing a predetermined fluid; a transparent cover disposed on a top surface of the frame so as to cover the fluid chamber; a transparent elastic membrane disposed on a bottom surface of the frame so as to form a lower wall of the fluid chamber; and an actuator disposed on the elastic membrane.

Display apparatus

A display apparatus is disclosed. The display apparatus comprises a display panel and a parallax barrier plate. The parallax barrier plate includes a plurality of parallax barrier cells, wherein each of the parallax barrier cells comprises a receiver, a plurality of charged pigment particles and a switch electrode. The charged pigment particles are disposed in the receiver. The switch electrode is disposed at one side of the receiver for driving the charged pigment particles.

System and method for measuring a distance

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for measuring a distance. In one aspect, the method includes actuating or releasing an interferometric modulator having a first surface and a second surface and measuring a distance between the first and second surfaces at a plurality of times during the actuation or release. In another aspect, the method includes illuminating, with a first laser beam having a first wavelength and with a second laser beam having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, an interferometric modulator having a distance between a first surface which is at least partially reflective and a second surface which is at least partially absorptive, measuring a first intensity of the first laser beam modulated by the interferometric modulator and a second intensity of the second laser beam modulated by the interferometric modulator, and determining the distance based on the measured intensities.

Metamaterial filter

Embodiments herein are directed to a metamaterial transmission filters including a metamaterial component and a upper medium positioned within proximity of the metamaterial component such that movement of the upper medium changes the resonances and optical transmission, reflection or absorption spectra of the filter. The upper material may be a natural material or a second metamaterial identical or non-identical to the metamaterial component. Embodiments herein are designed to allow both continuous tuning of the optical spectra of the assembly and/or discrete spectral switching.

Electrically-Controlled, Variable Focal Length Liquid-Based Optical Imaging Apparatus and Method

An optical imaging apparatus having a variable focal length is disclosed. The optical imaging apparatus includes a first double-liquid variable focal lens and a second double-liquid variable focal lens. The first and second double-liquid variable focal lenses are aligned on a common axis and operable to have opposite varying curvatures.

Variable wavelength interference filter, optical module, and optical analysis device

An etalon includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a fixed mirror provided on a surface of the first substrate that faces the second substrate, a movable mirror provided on the second substrate and facing the fixed mirror via an inter-mirror gap, and a first electrode provided on the surface of the first substrate that faces the second substrate. A first multilayer stopper portion is provided by a portion of the first electrode being stacked with at least a portion of an outer circumferential edge of the fixed mirror.

Ultra-miniature fiber-optic pressure sensor system and method of fabrication

Ultra-miniature surface-mountable optical pressure sensor is constructed on an optical fiber. The sensor design utilizes an angled fiber tip which steers the optical axis of the optic fiber by 90°. The optical cavity is formed on the sidewall of the optic fiber. The optical cavity may be covered with a polymer-metal composite diaphragm to operate as a pressure transducer. Alternatively, a polymer-filled cavity may be constructed which does not need a reflective diaphragm. The sensor exhibits a sufficient linearity over the broad pressure range with a high sensitivity. The sensitivity of the sensor may be tuned by controlling the thickness of the diaphragm. Methods of batch production of uniform device-to-device optical pressure sensors of co-axial and cross-axial configurations are presented.

Capillary Force Actuator Device and Related Method of Applications

An actuator capable of generates force by leveraging the changes in capillary pressure and surface tension that result from the application of an electrical potential. The device, which will be referred to as a Capillary Force Actuator (CFA), and related methods, employs a conducting liquid bridge between two (or more) surfaces, at least one of which contains dielectric-covered electrodes, and operates according to the principles of electrowetting on dielectric.

Method and apparatus for line time reduction

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for reducing common line write time in a display. In one aspect, a common line write waveform shape is based at least in part on the distance a given common line is from a segment driver circuit.

Light source apparatus and image display apparatus using the same

A light source apparatus includes: an excitation light source including a laser light source; a first wheel that is controlled to rotate, and includes, in a part of a surface thereof to be illuminated by excitation light emitted from the excitation light source, a phosphor layer to be excited by the excitation light; a dichroic mirror that guides fluorescence emitted from the phosphor layer of the first wheel and the excitation light to an illumination optical system; and a second wheel that is controlled to rotate, and includes a dichroic filter that transmits light having a desired wavelength component of each of the fluorescence and the excitation light output from the dichroic mirror.

Electro-wetting display device

An electro-wetting display device is provided. The device includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite thereto. A plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of corresponding second electrodes are disposed on the first substrate and face the second substrate. A barrier layer is between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes, such that the plurality of first electrodes is electrically insulated from the plurality of second electrodes. A plurality of ribs is on the first substrate to form a plurality of pixel regions. A polar liquid and a non-polar liquid are between the first and second substrates. The barrier layer is between the polar liquid and at least one of the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes, and the non-polar liquid is in direct contact with the barrier layer in each pixel region.

Bidirectional electrowetting actuation with voltage polarity dependence

A novel electrowetting system for the smooth continuous movement of a droplet across a single circuit using a continuous applied voltage regardless of polarity. The actuation of the droplet is achieved by introducing a diode into the idealized electrical circuit of the electrowetting system. The diode is in parallel with a capacitor (dielectric) and effectively shorts the droplet on the side of a lower potential electrode so that the entire voltage drop is across the dielectric over the opposite electrode. This creates an energy imbalance that moves the droplet towards the higher potential. If the voltage polarity is reversed, the direction of actuation will reverse as well.

Pixel via and methods of forming the same

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatuses for pixel vias. In one aspect, a method of forming an electromechanical device having a plurality of pixels includes depositing an electrically conductive black mask on a substrate at each of four corners of each pixel, depositing a dielectric layer over the black mask, depositing an optical stack including a stationary electrode over the dielectric layer, depositing a mechanical layer over the optical stack, and anchoring the mechanical layer over the optical stack at each corner of each pixel. The method further includes providing a conductive via in a first pixel of the plurality of pixels, the via in the dielectric layer electrically connecting the stationary electrode to the black mask, the via disposed at a corner of the first pixel, offset from where the mechanical layer is anchored over the optical stack in an optically non-active area of the first pixel.

Mechanical layer and methods of making the same

This disclosure provides mechanical layers and methods of forming the same. In one aspect, a method of forming a pixel includes depositing a black mask on a substrate, depositing an optical stack over the black mask, and forming a mechanical layer over the optical stack. The black mask is disposed along at least a portion of a side of the pixel, and the mechanical layer defines a cavity between the mechanical layer and the optical stack. The mechanical layer includes a reflective layer, a dielectric layer, and a cap layer, and the dielectric layer is disposed between the reflective layer and the cap layer. The method further includes forming a notch in the dielectric layer of the mechanical layer along the side of the pixel so as to reduce the overlap of the dielectric layer with the black mask along the side of the pixel.

Variable power optical system

Liquid lens cells are used in a variable power optical system. In one embodiment, a stop is located between a first lens group comprising at least a first liquid lens cell and a second lens group comprising at least a second liquid lens cell. In one embodiment, a liquid lens cell controls an incident angle of light rays on an image surface.

Transreflective vehicle mirror system

A transreflective vehicle mirror system configured to be attached to a vehicle. The system includes an interior unit and/or exterior unit, each of which includes various arrangements of a transreflective layer optionally combined with a transparent display layer and/or a variable tint layer. The units can be configured and operated in a variety of ways to provide the same and/or enhanced features/functions normally associated with conventional side view mirrors, rear view mirrors (with or without an integrated information display), fold down visors (with or without a vanity mirror), and graduated tinting commonly found on the upper portion of automobile windshields. The interior unit and exterior unit can operate to a transparent state so that a field of view or direction viewed by the operator is not obstructed as is the case with conventional rear and side view mirrors, and fold-down sun-visors.

Multi-view 3d image display apparatus and method

A three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus and method are provided. The 3D image display apparatus includes an image generating unit configured to generate an image, an active optical device configured to change a propagation path of light containing the generated image, and provide the generated image to multiple viewpoints that are located along a first direction parallel to the image generating unit, and a varifocal lens configured to vary a focal position of the generated image along a second direction away from the image generating unit.

Direct-view mems display devices and methods for generating images thereon

A direct-view display includes an array of MEMS light modulators and a control matrix formed on a transparent substrate, where each light modulator can be driven into at least two states, and a controller for controlling the states of each light modulator in the array. The control matrix transmits data and actuation voltages to the array. The controller includes an input, a processor, a memory, and an output. The input receives image data encoding an image frame for display. The processor derives a plurality of sub-frame data sets from the image data, where each sub-frame data set indicates desired states of light modulators in multiple rows and multiple columns of the array. The memory stores the plurality of sub-frame data sets. The output outputs the plurality of sub-frame data sets according to an output sequence to drive light modulators into the states indicated in the sub-frame data sets.

Display

A display includes at least one electronically controllable pixel which has at least one color level which is formed by a flat container, the interior of which is connected to a color reservoir. The content of the color reservoir can be pressurized by electronic control of an actuating drive, which acts on a movable wall of the color reservoir in such a way that colorant liquid moves from the color reservoir into the color level, and, by reducing the pressure in the color reservoir, the colored liquid is transported back into the color reservoir and a transparent fluid moves into the color level. A wall of the color reservoir faces away from the color level and at least partially forms the movable wall. An actuator of the actuating drive causes the displacement of the movable wall and moves in a plane parallel to the plane of the color reservoir.

Liquid micro-shutter display device

Disclosed is a display device. In detail, a liquid micro-shutter display device includes a light source emitting light, a transparent lower substrate positioned in an light path of the light source, an optical conversion unit performing at least one of a function of converting light from the light source into light having a different wavelength band corresponding to a sub-pixel and a function of reflecting ambient light corresponding to a sub-pixel, a transparent upper substrate positioned in an light path of light output from the optical conversion unit, and a liquid micro-shutter positioned between the transparent lower substrate and the transparent upper substrate and opening and closing the path of light or adjusting an open area.

Alignment methods in fluid-filled mems displays

This application relates to a display including a first layer of material including a first aperture having at least one side, a first substrate separated from the first layer of material by a gap, where the first substrate is arranged to pass through a portion of light emitted from a light source into the gap. The display further includes a movable shutter arranged within the gap, where the shutter is movable to at least a first position and a second position, to obstruct passage of the portion of light through the first aperture at the first position. The movable shutter has a first edge, and in the first position, the movable shutter is aligned with the first aperture such that the first edge extends a first length past the at least one side of the first aperture.

Display apparatus and method of driving the same

A transflective display apparatus includes a first electrode and a second electrode, which face each other and are separated from one another by a pixel electrode. In addition, a preparation voltage is applied to the first electrode or the second electrode before applying a driving voltage to the pixel electrode.

Rotary wheel, light source unit, projector and rotary wheel fabrication method

There is provided a circular disc-shaped rotary wheel comprising a luminescent light emitting area in which a luminescent material is provided along a circumferential edge of the circular disc shape, an annular step portion which is formed at a different level from a reference plane which is a surface where the luminescent light emitting area is formed, and a balance correction material which is placed at the annular step portion, wherein the balance correction material is placed at the annular step portion so as to even a rotational balance when the rotary wheel is rotated.

Flexible liquid crystal display and flexible fluid display

A flexible liquid crystal display and a flexible fluid display are provided. The flexible liquid crystal display includes a first module, a second module, at least two supporting structures and a liquid crystal layer. The second module is disposed correspondingly to the first module. The supporting structures are separately disposed between the first module and the second module and used for abutting the first module and the second module, so that a space between the first module and the second module is divided into a flexible area and two non-flexible areas. The flexible area is located between the two non-flexible areas. The liquid crystal layer is disposed in the flexible area and the two non-flexible areas.

Three-dimensional display device

A 3D image display device with high resolution is disclosed. The device may deflect left and right eye images to a left and right eye of a viewer, respectively. As such, the viewer may see 3D images. The 3D image display device includes a plurality of electrically switchable light modulating cells containing two incompatible light modulating mediums. When a voltage is applied to electrodes of the electrically switchable light modulating cell, the interface between the incompatible light modulating mediums non-horizontally deforms corresponding to the electrowetting or electrostatic concept. The geometrical shape, size, and material of partition walls in the electrically switchable light modulating cells may reduce or eliminate misplacement of incompatible light modulating mediums while voltages are applied thereto. In addition, the method of manufacturing the 3D image display device is also disclosed.

DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING MULTI-COLOURED DISPLAY ELEMENTS

The invention relates to a display apparatus having at least one electronically controllable display element that comprises: at least one nonpolar and at least two electrically conductive or polar liquids; a fluidically sealed volume having a visible sub-volume and at least two holding volumes connected fluidically to the visible sub-volume; and at least one voltage source that is applied to a first electrode arrangement; the visible sub-volume being of planar embodiment so that when the first electrode arrangement is in the zero-voltage state, the electrically conductive or polar liquids are drawn into the respective holding volume; and the display element furthermore comprising mechanical and/or electrical means for selectably retaining in their holding volumes those electrically conductive or polar liquids which are not intended to be moved into the visible sub-volume by an impingement of voltage on the first electrode arrangement. 115-. (canceled)16. A display apparatus having at least one electronically controllable display element that comprises:at least one nonpolar and at least two differently colored electrically conductive or polar liquids, at least the electrically conductive or polar liquids not being miscible with the nonpolar liquid, and the electrically conductive or polar liquids always being present physically separately from one another;a fluidically sealed volume having a visible sub-volume and at least two holding volumes, connected fluidically to the visible sub-volume, each for holding exactly one of the electrically conductive or polar liquids, in each of which at least a portion of the nonpolar liquid is located when the electrically conductive or polar liquid held in the respective holding volume is present in the visible sub-volume; andat least one voltage source that is applied to a first electrode arrangement and is designed to selectively permeate the entire visible sub-volume with an electric field,the visible sub-volume being of planar ...

Image generating device with improved illumination efficiency

An image generating device includes a first light source, a light conversion element, and an image generating element. The first light source is for generating light with a first wavelength. The light conversion element is disposed on a light path of the light with the first wavelength. The light conversion element includes a first quantum dot layer for converting light with wavelengths under a second wavelength to light with the second wavelength, and a second quantum dot layer for converting light with wavelengths under a third wavelength to light with the third wavelength. The first wavelength is smaller than the second wavelength, and the second wavelength is smaller than the third wavelength. The image generating element is for generating images according to light transmitted from the light conversion element.

MEMS MICRO-MIRROR DEVICE

A MEMS micro-minor device includes, a single package; a first mirror and second minor, wherein at least one of the minors is configured to oscillate along an oscillation axis; wherein both mirrors are located within the single package and are arranged such that as the at least one mirror oscillates, the light incident on the first micro-minor can be deflected to the second minor. 1. A MEMS micro-mirror device comprising ,a single package;a first mirror and second minor, wherein at least one of the minors is configured to oscillate along an oscillation axis;wherein both mirrors are located within the single package and are arranged such that as the at least one mirror oscillates, the light incident on the first micro-mirror can be deflected to the second minor;wherein the single package comprises one or more portions which are transparent to light, and wherein the one or more portions which are transparent to light are arranged to allow light to enter the single package from a rear end of the single package.2. The MEMS micro-minor device according to claim 1 , wherein the first mirror may be configured such that it can oscillate along a first oscillation axis claim 1 , and the second mirror may be configured such that it can oscillate along a second oscillation axis.3. The MEMS micro-minor device according to claim 2 , wherein the second oscillation axis is orthogonal to the first oscillation axis.4. The MEMS micro-minor device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one minor claim 1 , which is configured to oscillate along an oscillation axis claim 1 , is further capable of oscillating along a second claim 1 , orthogonal claim 1 , oscillation axis.5. The MEMS micro-minor device according to claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises one or more reflecting means.6. The MEMS micro-minor device according to claim 5 , wherein the device comprises a reflecting means which is arranged such that it can deflect light from the first micro-mirror to the second micro- ...

Fast, modular port switcher for an optical microscope using a galvanometer

A fast modular port switching device is described. The device can be used with an optical microscope to facilitate using multiple devices with the microscope. The port switching is done with a galvanometer for switching very fast. The device is modular so it can be combined with any number of similar devices for building a complex, multi-modal imaging system. Also described is the combination of a port switcher with automated spherical aberration correction. Even further described is a similar device where the outputs are recombined, thus making the device a fast filter switcher.

Method and device for manipulating color in a display

A method and device for manipulating color in a display is disclosed. In one embodiment, a display comprises interferometric display elements formed to have spectral responses that produce white light. In one embodiment, the produced white light is characterized by a standardized white point.

MODULATING THICKNESS OF COLORED FLUID IN COLOR DISPLAY

An embodiment is a display unit. The display unit includes a substrate layer, a layer of colored fluid on the substrate layer, and a transparent actuator element on the layer of the colored fluid. The layer of colored fluid has a thickness and a color. The transparent actuator element modulates the thickness of the colored fluid upon activated by a force such that the colored fluid is changed from a first state to a second state or vice versa. The modulated thickness provides a variable optical density of the colored fluid. 1. An apparatus comprising:a substrate layer;a layer of colored fluid on the substrate layer, the layer of colored fluid having a thickness and a color; anda transparent actuator element on the layer of the colored fluid to modulate the thickness of the colored fluid upon being activated by a force such that the colored fluid is changed from a first state to a second state or vice versa, the modulated thickness providing a variable optical density of the colored fluid,wherein the transparent actuator element comprises one of a structure attached to a suspension membrane, a perforated element, an expanding polymer, a bimorph actuator, and an electro-active polymer; anda low-surface energy barrier arranged along edges of the actuator element, the low-surface energy barrier causing a bistable state of the actuator element.2. The apparatus of wherein the transparent actuator element comprises one of a structure attached to a suspension membrane claim 1 , a perforated element claim 1 , an expanding polymer claim 1 , a bimorph actuator claim 1 , and an electro-active polymer.3. The apparatus of wherein the bimorph actuator comprises one of:carbon nanotubes embedded in a polymer;a polymer gel actuation triggered by light or an electrical signal; anda polymer and a transparent oxide layer.4. The apparatus of wherein the force is caused by one of a mechanical force claim 1 , a bimetallic actuation claim 1 , a thermal actuation claim 1 , an electric field ...

Spectrometer

A spectrometer includes a light source section that includes a plurality of LEDs having different emission wavelengths, a variable wavelength interference filter that selectively extracts light of a predetermined wavelength, a detector that detects the amount of light, and a control circuit section. The control circuit section includes a mode switching section that switches a calibration mode and a measurement mode, an outside light analysis section that analyzes characteristics of outside light in the calibration mode, a reference light setting section that set the amount of light emitted from each of the LEDs on the basis of the characteristics of the outside light, and a light source driving section that drives each of the LEDs on the basis of the amount of light emitted which is set in the measurement mode.

DISPLAY ELEMENT AND ELECTRIC APPARATUS USING SAME

A display element () includes an upper substrate (first substrate) (), a lower substrate (second substrate) (), and a polar liquid () that is sealed in a display space (S) formed between the upper substrate () and the lower substrate () so as to be moved toward an effective display region (P) or a non-effective display region (P). A rib () hermetically divides the inside of the display space (S) in accordance with each of a plurality of pixel regions (P). A movement space (K) in which an oil (insulating fluid) () is moved is provided for each of the pixel regions (P). 1. A display element that comprises a first substrate provided on a display surface side , a second substrate provided on a non-display surface side of the first substrate so that a predetermined display space is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate , an effective display region and a non-effective display region that are defined with respect to the display space , and a polar liquid sealed in the display space so as to be moved toward the effective display region or the non-effective display region , and that is capable of changing a display color on the display surface side by moving the polar liquid ,wherein the display element comprises:a plurality of signal electrodes that are placed in the display space so as to come into contact with the polar liquid, and are also provided along a predetermined arrangement direction;a plurality of reference electrodes that are provided on one of the first substrate and the second substrate so as to be electrically insulated from the polar liquid and to be located on one of the effective display region side and the non-effective display region side, and are also arranged so as to intersect with the plurality of the signal electrodes;a plurality of scanning electrodes that are provided on one of the first substrate and the second substrate so as to be electrically insulated from the polar liquid and the plurality of the reference electrodes ...

LIGHT MODULATOR PIXEL UNIT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A light modulator pixel unit and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The light modulator pixel unit includes top, movable and bottom electrodes. Under control of a control circuit, the movable electrode may shift to first, second and third positions corresponding to modulations of first, second and third monochromatic lights, respectively. When the movable electrode is at a certain position, the incident light corresponding to the position may be divided into two parts, one is reflected by the top electrode, and the other one may bypass the top electrode and be reflected by the movable electrode. The two parts may interfere destructively. The light modulator pixel unit of the present invention can control monochromatic lights of three special wavelengths by time division, and enable color control and gray control. The unit is applicable in the field of projection display and panel system. 1. A light modulator pixel unit , comprising:a substrate;a bottom electrode, formed above the substrate and electrically coupled to a first control end of a control circuit;a top electrode, formed above the substrate and electrically coupled to a third control end of the control circuit, where the top electrode is a semi-transparent metal thin film; anda movable electrode, formed between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, and electrically coupled to a second control end of the control circuit, where a surface of the movable electrode facing the top electrode is a light reflection surface, the movable electrode is able to move perpendicularly to the light reflection surface, and there formed insulation material between the movable electrode and the top electrode, and between the movable electrode and the bottom electrode;where the top electrode, the movable electrode and the bottom electrode have corresponding positions, the movable electrode has an area smaller than that of the top electrode, under the control of the control circuit, the movable electrode is ...

OPTICALLY VARIABLE DEVICES, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE

Security documents often incorporate optically variable devices to prevent or hinder counterfeiters. Disclosed herein are layered optically variable devices such as colour-shift foils that employ a piezoelectric layer, and methods for their production and use. Such devices afford new techniques for a user of a security document to check quickly and easily whether the security document is a legitimate document or a counterfeit copy by placing an electrical potential difference across the security document. 1. An optically variable device comprising:a reflector layer;a piezoelectric layer covering part or all of the reflector layer, said piezoelectric layer changeable from a first state to a second state upon application of, or an increase of, electrical potential difference; andan absorber layer covering the piezoelectric layer, where present, so that the piezoelectric layer spaces the absorber layer from the reflector layer to form an optical interference structure in at least one of said first and second states.2. The optically variable device of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric layer adopts said first state absent any electric potential difference across the layer.3. The optically variable device of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric layer is applied to the reflector layer under atmospheric conditions.4. The optically variable device of claim 1 , wherein the optical interference structure in at least one of said first and second states is a Fabry-Perot optical cavity.5. The optically variable device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises further optical interference structures to form a multilayer stack.6. The optically variable device of claim 1 , wherein the layers together in at least a portion of the device form an optical interference structure in both said first state and in said second state claim 1 , and transition of the piezoelectric layer between said first and second states causes a colour shift in the observed colour of at least a portion of ...

Adjustable optical lens

The disclosure provides an adjustable optical lens comprising a membrane, a support for the membrane, a fluid between the membrane and the support, an actuator for deforming the membrane, and a rigid ring connected to the membrane for moving with the membrane for ensuring that a section of the membrane surrounded by the rigid ring has a defined circumference.

Storage capacitor for electromechanical systems and methods of forming the same

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for storage capacitors. In one aspect, an electromechanical systems (EMS) device includes a substrate, an optical stack disposed over the substrate, a mechanical layer positioned over the optical stack, and a storage capacitor. The optical stack includes a stationary electrode and at least one dielectric layer disposed over the stationary electrode, and the storage capacitor includes a first plate, a second plate and a dielectric structure disposed between the first and second plates. The first plate includes a portion of the mechanical layer positioned over an optically non-active region of the device, and the dielectric structure of the storage capacitor includes a portion of the at least one dielectric layer of the optical stack.

SPECTRUM-MODULATED SMART WINDOWS

Methods, systems, devices and/or apparatuses are provided that selectively reflect the infrared spectrum independent of other regions of the solar spectrum in order to actively manage solar heat gain across surfaces such as windows, skylights, roofs, siding and the like. 1. A surface structure adapted to have a first selectable state that is transmissive to the solar spectrum , and a second selectable state that restricts transmission of at least a part of the solar spectrum , the surface structure comprising:at least one layer comprising a hydrophobic surface and a fluid contacting at least a portion of the hydrophobic surface;wherein a contact angle of the fluid on the hydrophobic surface is altered when a voltage signal is applied to the surface structure.2. The surface structure of wherein the contact angle of the fluid causes the fluid to change the fluid's coverage area on the hydrophobic surface.3. The surface structure of wherein the fluid comprises a dispersed pigment.4. The surface structure of wherein the pigment comprises at least one of polystyrene claim 3 , melamine claim 3 , ethylene bis-melamine claim 3 , acrylic claim 3 , fluoropolymer claim 3 , hollow styrene-acrylic spheres claim 3 , polyimide claim 3 , high density polyethylene claim 3 , perylenes claim 3 , quinacridones claim 3 , dioxazines claim 3 , titanium dioxide claim 3 , and phthalocyanines.5. The surface structure of wherein the pigment comprises particles with a high refractive index incorporated in a low density host pigment material.6. The surface-structure of wherein the fluid is reflective in the infrared region of the solar spectrum claim 1 , the voltage signal applied to the fluid modulates the infrared reflection by at least 30%.7. The surface structure of wherein the voltage signal is applied to the fluid at least one of directly and indirectly.8. The surface structure of wherein the voltage signal applied to the fluid modulates the visible transmission by at least 50%.9. The ...

OPTICAL ELEMENT, OPTICAL ELEMENT ARRAY, DISPLAY DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

An optical element includes: a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged opposite each other, in which the first electrode allows part of incident light to pass therethrough and reflects another part of the incident light, and the second electrode reflects light that has passed through the first electrode; a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film covering the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively; and a first medium and a second medium each interposed and sealed in a space containing a cavity portion between the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film, in which the first medium and the second medium have refractive indices different from one another, and one of the first medium and the second medium is a polar liquid. 1. An optical element , comprising:a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged opposite each other, the first electrode allowing part of incident light to pass therethrough and reflecting another part of the incident light, and the second electrode reflecting light that has passed through the first electrode;a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film covering the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively; anda first medium and a second medium each interposed and sealed in a space containing a cavity portion between the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film, the first medium and the second medium having refractive indices different from one another, and one of the first medium and the second medium being a polar liquid.2. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein the other of the first medium and the second medium is air or a non-polar liquid.3. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein a reservoir is provided in part of a periphery of the second electrode claim 1 , the reservoir storing one of the first medium and the second medium.4. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein light with a specific wavelength is ...

METHOD OF FORMING A FABRY-PEROT TUNABLE FILTER

A method of forming a tunable Fabry-Perot filter includes forming a first reflective layer on a surface of a substrate, forming a sacrificial layer over the first reflective layer, forming a second reflective layer over the sacrificial layer, defining vias through the sacrificial layer, forming a support body over the sacrificial layer which extends into the vias and removing the sacrificial layer to define a gap intermediate the first and second reflective layers. 1. A method of forming a Fabry-Perot filter comprising:forming a first reflective layer on a surface of a substrate;forming a sacrificial layer over the first reflective layer;forming a second reflective layer over the sacrificial layer;defining vias through the sacrificial layer;forming a support body over the sacrificial layer which extends into the vias; andremoving the sacrificial layer to define a gap intermediate the first and second reflective layers.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the support body comprises depositing an organic resin over the second layer of reflective material and in the vias.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic resin comprises an epoxy resin.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sacrificial layer is formed from a material selected form the group consisting of organic photoresist materials claim 1 , polysilicon claim 1 , metals claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating a driving member for selectively displacing the support body to adjust a size of the gap.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming a plurality of the Fabry-Perot filters on the substrate.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is transparent.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is formed from at least one of the group consisting of glass claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , and plastic.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formed support body is flexible.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formed support ...

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DISPLAY APPARATUS INCORPORATING CHARGE DISSIPATION SURFACES

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for dissipating charge buildup within a display element with a conductive layer. The conductive layer is maintained in electrical contact with a fluid within the display element. The fluid, in turn, remains in contact with light modulators within the display elements. Any charge buildup that may be caused by the filling of the fluid during fabrication of the display device, or during operation of the light modulators can be dissipated by the conductive layer. Thus, by dissipating the charge buildup, the conductive layer reduces or eliminates electrostatic forces due to the charge buildup that may affect the operability of the light modulators. The display can include conductive spacers in an active display region of the display and a spacer-free region that allows the substrates to deform while retaining an electrical connection between the conductive layer and the spacers in the active display region. 1. An apparatus comprising:a first substrate defining a first planar surface of a cavity;a second substrate defining a second planar surface of the cavity opposite from the first planar surface;at least one light modulator, attached to the first planar surface and disposed within the cavity, configured to move between at least first and second positions within the cavity;a fluid, disposed in the cavity, in which the light modulator is immersed; anda transparent electrically conductive layer, disposed on the second planar surface, in contact with the fluid to dissipate charge migrating through the fluid.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a major surface of the transparent electrically conductive layer is in contact with the fluid.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one light modulator comprises a shutter configured to transmit or reflect light out of the cavity in one of the first and second positions and to prevent light from propagating out of the cavity in the other of the first and second ...

Two state three electrode drive scheme

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for driving electromechanical display devices that suffer from adhesion forces. In one aspect, a method for driving a display element is provided that includes applying a first series of voltages to a first electrode and applying a second series of voltages from a set of voltage levels to a second electrode to selectively place a movable layer into an actuated state or un-actuated state based on a voltage difference between the first and second electrodes. The method further includes applying a third series of voltages levels from the set of voltage levels to a third electrode. The third series of voltage levels are applied to the third electrode such that a non-zero voltage exists between the third and second electrodes during a release time period where a desired state is the un-actuated state.

Display assemblies and methods of fabrication thereof

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for display assemblies. In one aspect, a display assembly may include a first panel, a second panel, and a third panel. The second panel may be spaced apart from the first panel, and the third panel may be spaced apart from the second panel. A first perimeter frame may join the first panel and the second panel, with the first perimeter frame defining a first cavity in between the first panel and the second panel. The first cavity may be substantially filled with a first liquid. A second perimeter frame may join the second panel and the third panel, with the second perimeter frame defining a second cavity in between the second panel and the third panel. The second cavity may be substantially filled with a second liquid.

QUASI-TRANSLATOR, FOURIER MODULATOR, FOURIER SPECTROMETER, MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING SAME, AND SIGNAL PROCESSOR CIRCUIT

A quasi-translator for economically producing pure, smooth translational motion with broad arcuate or error-free motion regardless of orientation, which is useful in numerous interferometer applications including spectroscopy, a Fourier modulator and a Fourier spectrometer are provided. The quasi-translator utilizes a support, an arm including a driving magnet on a first end and a driven element on a second end, an axis for rotation of the arm, a bearing system that controls the rotation of the arm about the axis, a drive coil and a drive amplifier to drive the arm in the arcuate motion. The quasi-translator may be employed in a Fourier modulator to change the optical path difference of the interferometer/quasi-translator at a substantially constant rate of change. The quasi-translator and/or Fourier modulator may be used in a Fourier spectrometer to create an optical spectrum from a light beam and/or electrical signal created from the light beam. 1. A quasi-translator , comprising:a. a support;b. an arm having a first end and a second end and including a driven element disposed on and/or connected to the second end;c. a driving element;d. an axis, disposed in or on the support, substantially transverse, substantially perpendicular or perpendicular to the arm, that operates as an axis of rotation of the arm;e. a bearing system fixed to the support, disposed on or along the axis, that operates to constrain or permit the arm to rotate about the axis in a plane substantially transverse, substantially perpendicular or perpendicular to the axis;f. a drive coil disposed substantially in, in or adjacent to the plane of rotation, the drive coil operating to interact with the driving element and create the translational motion that moves the arm; andg. a drive amplifier, connected to the drive coil, acting as a voltage source to drive the arm in an arc of a predetermined size and/or shape approximating a translation in one or more predetermined directions.2. The quasi- ...

ORNAMENTAL DISPLAY DEVICE

An ornamental display device having at least one interferometric modulator, a signal receiver configured to receive an external signal and a processor configured to control the display based on the external signal is disclosed. In one aspect, the external signal is emitted from a controller. In another aspect, the external signal is emitted from a computer. 1. An ornamental device , comprising:a display having at least one interferometric modulator;a signal receiver configured to receive an external signal; anda processor configured to control the display based on the external signal.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the external signal is emitted from a controller.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the external signal is emitted from a computer.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a switch claim 1 , wherein the switch is configured to activate more than one mode of the display.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to display text on the display.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to display text on the display based on the external signal.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to display a video on the display.8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a wrist watch.9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a personal digital assistant.10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to execute one or more software modules.11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the processor is further configured to execute a web browser.12. The device of claim 10 , wherein the processor is further configured to execute a telephone application.13. The device of claim 10 , wherein the processor is further configured to execute an email program. This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/498,281, filed Jul. 6, 2009, titled “ORNAMENTAL DISPLAY DEVICE,” which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. ...

Method of detecting an acceleration

A method detects an acceleration. The method includes providing a spatial mode filter positioned such that light emitted from the spatial mode filter is reflected by at least a portion of a reflective surface. The spatial mode filter and the portion of the reflective surface form an optical resonator having an optical resonance with a resonance lineshape. The method further includes emitting light from the spatial mode filter and irradiating the portion of the reflective surface. The portion of the reflective surface is responsive to acceleration of the optical resonator by changing curvature. The method further includes measuring a change of the resonance lineshape due to the acceleration of the optical resonator.

ELECTROWETTING DISPLAY PANEL AND THE MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an electrowetting display panel and the manufacturing method thereof The electrowetting display panel comprises: a first glass substrate; a second glass substrate provided opposite to the first glass substrate; a cavity provided between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate; a colored conductive liquid filled into the cavity; and a reflecting conductive element provided on the surface of the first glass substrate facing away from the second glass substrate, and corresponding to the cavity, wherein the reflecting conductive element is used for controlling the light transmissivity of the colored conductive liquid within the cavity according to the voltage applied to the reflecting conductive element and reflecting the light passing through the colored conductive liquid toward the second glass substrate. 1. An electrowetting display panel comprising:a first glass substrate;a second glass substrate provided opposite to the first glass substrate;a cavity provided between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate;a colored conductive liquid filled into the cavity; anda reflecting conductive element provided on the surface of the first glass substrate facing away from the second glass substrate, and corresponding to the cavity, wherein the reflecting conductive element is used for controlling the light transmissivity of the colored conductive liquid within the cavity according to the voltage applied to the reflecting conductive element and reflecting the light passing through the colored conductive liquid toward the second glass substrate.2. The electrowetting display panel according to claim 1 , wherein the colored conductive liquid is a liquid mixture of a transparent polar liquid and a colored non-polar liquid.3. The electrowetting display panel according to claim 2 , further comprising a hydrophobic layer located between the colored conductive liquid and the first glass substrate.4. The ...

Application of MEMs Pixels in Display and Imaging Devices

MEMS shutters are applied in displays and imaging devices. In a display, sensors may detect light from a light source that is back-reflected by a MEMS shutter and/or ambient light that enters through the MEMS shutter. The sensors may be used to monitor performance of the light source and/or ambient lighting conditions. In an imaging device, MEMS shutters may be applied to selectively block light to prevent overexposed areas within an image. 2. The display of comprising a second light modulator configured to modulate light transmitted by the MEMS light modulator.3. A method for calibrating display comprising a MEMS light modulator and a light source claim 1 , the method comprising:closing at least one shutter of a MEMS light modulator;illuminating the at least one shutter with light from the light source; anddetecting light reflected by the at least one shutter.4. The method of comprising controlling the light source based at least in part on the detected light.5. The method of comprising controlling transmission of light by the MEMS light based at least in part on the detected light.6. The method of wherein the display comprises a second light modulator configured to modulate light transmitted by the MEMS light modulator claim 3 , the method comprising controlling the second light modulator based at least in part on the detected light.7. The method of wherein the light source is a spatially variable light source claim 3 , and wherein detecting light reflected by the at least one shutter comprises detecting a spatially-varying pattern of light.8. The method of comprising estimating a light field at the spatial based on the detected spatially-varying pattern of light.9. The method of comprising refining an estimated light field based on the detected spatially-varying pattern of light.10. The method of wherein the estimated light field is at the MEMS light modulator.11. The method of wherein the estimated light field is at the MEMS light modulator.12. An image capture ...

PHOTOREFRACTIVE COMPOSITE, SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR, AND HOLOGRAM DISPLAY DEVICE USING THE SAME

A photorefractive composite, a spatial light modulator and a hologram display device using the same include at least one carborane compound expressed as the following Chemical Formulae 1A through 1C: 3. The photorefractive composite of claim 1 , wherein the substituted C-Caryl groups include at least one carborane group.7. The photorefractive composite of claim 1 , wherein the at least one carborane compound is present in the photorefractive composite in an amount of about 0.1 parts to about 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the photorefractive composite.8. The photorefractive composite of claim 1 , further comprising:a photoconductive polymer, wherein the photoconductive polymer is one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), polysiloxane carbazole, polyparaphenylenevinylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polythiophene, polyalkylthiophene, poly(alkylthiophene), carbazole-substituted polysiloxane (PSX-Cz), poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) carbazole (PPT-CZ), polyacrylate triphenylamine (TATPD), derivatives thereof, and a mixture of these materials.9. The photorefractive composite of claim 1 , further comprising;a photoconductive polymer, wherein the photoconductive polymer is present in the photorefractive composite in an amount of about 30 parts to about 60 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the photorefractive composite.10. The photorefractive composite of claim 1 , further comprising:a nonlinear optical chromophore, wherein the nonlinear optical chromophore is one selected from the group consisting of 4-piperidinobenzylidene malononitrile (PDCST), 2,5-dimethyl-4-(p-nitrophenylazo)anisole (DMNPAA), 2,N,N-dihexyl-amino-7-dicyanomethylidenyl-3,4,5,6,10-pentahydronaphthalene (DHADC-MPN), 4-di(2-methoxyethyl)aminobenzylidene malonotitrile (AODCST), amino-thienyl-dioxocyano-pyridine (ATOP), fluorinated cyano-tolane chromophore (FTCN), diethylamino-nitrostyrene (DEANST), and a mixture of these ...

LIGHT MODULATOR PIXEL UNIT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A light modulator pixel unit and the manufacturing method thereof are provided. The pixel unit includes a top electrode formed on a substrate, a movable electrode and a bottom electrode. Under the control of a control circuit, the position of the movable electrode would deflect. When the movable electrode is positioned in a first position, a first light is diffracted on the top electrode; when the movable electrode is positioned in a second position, a second light is diffracted on the top electrode; when the movable electrode is positioned in a third position, a third light is diffracted on the top electrode. The said first light, second light and third light are lights of three primary colors. The light modulator pixel unit of the present invention can modulate lights of three colors and is applicable in the field of micro-display system. 1. A light modulator pixel unit , comprising:a substrate;a bottom electrode, wherein the bottom electrode is electrically connected with a first control end of a control circuit;a top electrode formed on the substrate, wherein the top electrode is electrically connected with a third control end of the control circuit, the top electrode is a grating comprising at least two grating bars and grating openings between each two adjacent grating bars, and surfaces of the grating bars far away from a top surface of the bottom electrode are reflecting surfaces; anda movable electrode, located between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, wherein the movable electrode is electrically connected with a second control end of the control circuit, a surface of the movable electrode facing the top electrode is a reflecting surface, the movable electrode can move along a direction perpendicular to the reflecting surface, and an electrical insulating material is filled between the movable electrode and the top electrode and between the movable electrode and the bottom electrode,wherein there is a positional correspondence among the movable ...

VERTICALLY ETCHED FACETS FOR DISPLAY DEVICES

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for masked reflective structures which can be integrated into display devices. In one aspect, masks and etch leading layers can be used to control the etching of a stack of layers to form masked reflective structures having a desired profile. In particular, tapered edges at a particular angle can be formed, and the resulting structures used in a roll-to-roll process to fabricate a device component. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a substrate having a first surface;at least one reflective facet formed over the first surface of the substrate, the reflective facet including a reflective layer having a side tapered at an angle to the first surface of the substrate; andat least one electrode formed over the first surface of the substrate, wherein the electrode includes a conductive layer, the reflective layer of the reflective facet and the conductive layer including at least one common material, wherein a thickness of the conductive layer of the electrode is less than a thickness of the reflective layer of the electrode.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the reflective facet includes a first masking structure disposed between the reflective layer and the first surface of the substrate; andthe electrode includes a second masking structure disposed between the conductive layer and the first surface of the substrate.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the masking structures of the reflective facet and the electrode each include:an absorber layer; anda spacer layer, wherein the absorber layers and the spacer layers form interferometric black masks in conjunction with the reflective layer and the conductive layer, respectively.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflective facet includes an etch leading layer disposed on the side of the reflective layer opposite the first surface of the substrate claim 1 , wherein the etch leading layer is selectively etchable with respect to the reflective layer at a greater ...

DISPLAY ELEMENT AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS USING SAME

A display element () includes an upper substrate (first substrate) (), a lower substrate (second substrate) (), a polar liquid () that is movably sealed on an effective display region (P) side or a non-effective display region (P) side inside a display space (S), a rib () that is provided on the lower substrate () so as to hermetically compartment the inside of the display space (S) according to each of a plurality of pixel regions (P), and oil (insulating fluid) () that is movably sealed inside the display space (S) for each pixel region (P) and does not mix with the polar liquid (). In addition, when the polar liquid () is moved inside the display space (S) for each pixel region (P), signal electrodes () are provided on the lower substrate () side so that the flow path of the oil () inside the display space (S) becomes large. 1. A display element configured to include a first substrate provided on a display surface side , a second substrate provided on a non-display surface side of the first substrate so as to form a predetermined display space between the first substrate , an effective display region and a non-effective display region set for the display space , and a polar liquid that is movably sealed on the effective display region side or the non-effective display region side inside the display space , and to be able to change a display color on the display surface side by causing the polar liquid to move , comprising:a plurality of signal electrodes that is disposed inside the display space and provided along a predetermined arrangement direction so as to come into contact with the polar liquid;a plurality of reference electrodes that is provided on either side of the first substrate or the second substrate so as to be disposed on one side of the effective display region and the non-effective display region while being electrically insulated from the polar liquid and so as to intersect with the plurality of signal electrodes;a plurality of scanning ...

Light source system and projector

A light source system includes a luminescent wheel, a driving unit for rotating the luminescent wheel, a light source for shining excitation light on to a luminescent material layer of the luminescent wheel, a light shining control unit for controlling an illumination timing of the light source, a light shining time integrating unit for integrating individual excitation light shining times to a plurality of predetermined divided areas of the luminescent wheel, an integrated light shining time storage unit for storing the individual light shining times to the predetermined divided areas, and a light shining range control unit for equalizing times over which excitation light is shone on to the plurality of predetermined divided areas of the luminescent wheel based on the individual excitation light shining times to the predetermined divided areas.

ELECTROWETTING DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING BANKS OF DIFFERENT HYDROPHILICITIES AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Disclosed is an electrowetting display device including a plurality pixels. Each pixel includes a pixel electrode, a hydrophobic layer, a hydrophobic fluid, and a bank adapted to limit the range of movement of the hydrophobic fluid. The bank has a hydrophobic bank surface and a hydrophilic bank surface, which face each other. The hydrophobic fluid is moved from the hydrophilic bank surface towards the hydrophobic bank surface by the application of a voltage to the pixel electrode. 1. An electrowetting display device comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate;', 'a hydrophobic layer disposed on the pixel electrode;', 'a hydrophobic fluid disposed on the hydrophobic layer;', 'a bank disposed on the hydrophobic layer and surrounding the hydrophobic fluid, the bank comprising first and second bank surfaces that face the hydrophobic fluid, and hydrophilicity of the first bank surface is different from hydrophilicity of the second bank surface; and', 'a hydrophilic fluid disposed on the hydrophobic fluid,', 'wherein the pixel electrode is configured to form an electric field to move the hydrophobic fluid with respect to the first and second bank surfaces., 'pixels formed between the first and second substrates, each pixel comprising2. The electrowetting display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the first and second bank surfaces are disposed on opposing sides of the hydrophobic fluid; andthe first bank surface comprise a hydrophobic portion.3. The electrowetting display device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the thickness of an edge of the hydrophobic fluid facing the first bank surface is smaller than the thickness of an edge of the hydrophobic fluid facing the second bank surface.4. The electrowetting display device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , when no voltage is applied to the pixel electrode claim 3 , the hydrophobic fluid contacts the first and second bank ...

Back-to-back displays

Two-sided, back-to-back displays are formed by sealing the backplates of two displays against one another. Mechanical parameters of the backplates, e.g., stiffness and strength, do not meet the requirements for standalone one-sided displays which are otherwise similar to the two displays. However, when sealed against one another, the backplates reinforce each other to meet or exceed the requirements for both one-sided and two-sided displays. The presence of backplates on each of the constituent one-sided displays allows one or both of those displays to be individually tested, thereby increasing the production yield of the back-to-back displays. The display elements of the displays can comprise interferometric modulators.

ELECTROWETTING DISPLAY APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

An electrowetting display apparatus includes a first base substrate, a second base substrate which faces the first base substrate, a first electrode on the first base substrate, and a second electrode on the second base substrate, where the second electrode faces the first electrode. A barrier wall is on the first electrode, where the barrier wall defines a storage area. A surface of the first electrode and the barrier wall is overlapped by a barrier layer. In addition, a water-repellent layer is on the barrier layer which is in the storage area. First and second fluids are in the storage area, the first fluid is separate from the second fluid, and the first fluid or the second fluid has a polarity. 1. An electrowetting display apparatus comprising:a first base substrate;a second base substrate which faces the first base substrate;a first electrode on the first base substrate;a barrier wall on the first base substrate, wherein the barrier wall defines a storage area;a barrier layer which overlaps a surface of the first electrode and of the barrier wall;a water-repellent layer on the barrier layer which is in the storage area; andfirst and second fluids in the storage area, wherein the first fluid is separate from the second fluid, and the first fluid or the second fluid has a polarity.2. The electrowetting display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a hydrophilic insulating material.3. The electrowetting display apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer comprises silicon nitride or silicon oxide.4. The electrowetting display apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the barrier layer has a thickness of about 0.1 nanometer to about 1 micrometer.5. The electrowetting display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the water-repellent layer comprises a hydrophobic material or a hydrophobic surface.6. The electrowetting display apparatus of claim 1 , whereinthe first fluid comprises a hydrophobic material and has a red, green, or blue color, andthe second ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device comprising picture elements, which are constituted by electrowetting elements having at least one first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with each other within a space between a first support plate and a second support plate, the second fluid being electro-conductive or polar. The first fluid in each element is at the side of the first support plate confined by element walls, and the second fluid is shared by a plurality of picture elements, characterised by a preventer for preventing first fluid portions from being expelled from its confinement when forces other than electrowetting forces are exerted on this fluid. 1. A display device comprising picture elements , which are constituted by electrowetting elements having at least one first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with each other within a space between a first support plate and a second support plate , the second fluid being electro-conductive or polar , whereby the first fluid in each element is at the side of the first support plate confined by element walls , and the second fluid is shared by a plurality of picture elements , characterised by a preventer for preventing first fluid portions from being expelled from its confinement when forces other than electrowetting forces are exerted on this fluid.2. A display device as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that the preventer is constituted by a component arranged at the inner side of the second support plate claim 1 , which component prevents the first fluid from attaching to this plate.3. A display device as claimed in claim 2 , characterised in that the component is constituted by an array of protruding elements having a hydrophilic surface and having their base on the second support plate and a height smaller than the distance between the first support plate and the second support plate.4. A display device as claimed in claim 3 , characterised in that the array is an irregular pattern.5. A display device as claimed in claim 3 , ...

INK CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC AZO DYE, AND DYE FOR USE IN SAID INK

The invention relates to an ink which comprises: a low-polarity solvent having a relative permittivity of 3 or less at a measuring frequency of 1 kHz; and a specific heterocyclic azo dye. 2. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the low-polarity solvent comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon solvents claim 1 , silicone oils claim 1 , and fluorocarbon solvents.3. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the heterocyclic azo dye is a dye in which claim 1 , when dissolving the dye in n-decane claim 1 , an absorption-maximum wavelength in the wavelength range of 350-750 nm is in the range of 450-600 nm claim 1 , and the product of a molar extinction coefficient ε (Lmolcm) at the absorption-maximum wavelength and a concentration C (molL) of saturated solution in the solvent at room temperature (25° C.) claim 1 , εC claim 1 , has a value of 500 cmor larger.4. The ink according to claim 1 , which comprises at least one of a pyrazole dye and an alkylamine-substituted anthraquinone dye.6. The ink according to claim 1 , which is for use in a display or optical shutter.7. A display which comprises a display part containing the ink according to claim 1 , in which an image is displayed by controlling voltage application to the display part.8. The display according to claim 7 , wherein the display part contains electrophoretic particles or an aqueous medium.9. The display according to claim 7 , wherein an image is displayed by changing the coloration by means of voltage application.10. The display according to claim 7 , wherein an image is displayed by an electrowetting system or an electrophoretic system.11. An electronic paper which comprises the display according to . The present invention relates to an ink which contains a low-polarity solvent and a heterocyclic azo dye and to an azo dye suitable for use in the ink. More particularly, the invention relates to an ink which contains a low-polarity solvent and a heterocyclic azo dye having ...

Rotary Drive Mechanism And Light Dispersion System Having The Same

A rotary drive mechanism provides a mechanism for driving light dispersing element having a high wavelength-moving speed and a high wavelength-resolving power. The rotary drive mechanism includes a stepper motor as a rotary drive source; an update information setter for setting update information corresponding to the amount of change by which the motor should be rotated at a drive timing indicated by an input signal; a position information updater for holding position information which specifies the rotational position of the motor and for updating the position information based on the update information from the update information setter; a winding excitation state determiner for determining the amount or ratio of electric currents passed through the windings of the motor based on the updated position information provided from the position information updater; and a drive controller for controlling the electric currents based on a control signal from the winding excitation state determiner. 1. A rotary drive mechanism for producing a rotary motion synchronized with externally inputted drive pulses , including:a rotary drive source having a plurality of windings as a stator;an update information setter for setting, for each input of the drive pulses, update information which corresponds to an amount of change in a rotation of the rotary drive source per one drive pulse, and for changing the update information at an arbitrary timing;a position information updater for holding position information relating to a rotational position of the rotary drive source, and for updating the position information based on the update information set by the update information setter;a winding excitation state determiner for determining an excitation state of each of the windings based on the position information updated by the position information updater; anda drive controller for controlling an electric current passed through each of the windings so as to realize the excitation ...

Atmospheric humidity or temperature or cloud height measuring method and apparatus

An atmospheric cloud height, humidity profile, or temperature measuring method and arrangement are provided. In the method, pulsed laser signals ( 14 ) are transmitted through transmission optics ( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ) to the atmosphere and the signal ( 15 ) reflected or scattered back from there is detected. An interference filter ( 3 ) is used in the optics, in order to stabilize the transmitted optical power to the centre wavelength of the interference filter ( 3 ).

Full Color Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator for Holographic Video Display System

Full-color phase-only spatial light modulators (SLM) are proposed for modulating phase of the light. Proposed SLMs are low-power electrically actuated surface micromachined MEMS device with high reflectivity, high switching speed, high diffraction efficiency, high fill-factor and low surface adhesion to the substrate.

Analog imod having a color notch filter

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to an electromechanical display device. In one aspect, an analog interferometric modulator (AIMOD) includes a reflective display pixel having a movable reflective layer and a stationary absorber layer, the reflective layer and absorber layer defining a cavity therebetween. A color notch filter may be employed to produce an improved white state. In some implementations, the color notch filter is positioned on a side of the substrate opposite the absorber layer. In some other implementations, the color notch filter is positioned between the substrate and the movable reflective layer.

DUAL MODE FUNCTION PIXEL AND DUAL MODE FUNCTION DISPLAY INCLUDING THE SAME

Disclosed is a dual mode function pixel that operates either in a first mode or in a second mode according to the intensity of a projected light to have a high visibility regardless of the intensity of projected light. The dual mode function pixel includes: a first membrane on which a self-luminescent element is formed; one or more membranes formed to surround the first membrane; and a lower layer formed below the first membrane and the one or more membranes to be spaced apart from the first membrane and the one or more membranes. The dual mode function pixel is controlled such that the self-luminescent element is driven either to emit light in a first mode operation or to selectively reflect a projected light by utilizing an interference of light generated between the first to one or more membranes and the lower layer in a second mode operation. 1. A dual mode function pixel , comprising:a first membrane on which a self-luminescent element is formed;one or more membranes formed to surround the first membrane; anda lower layer formed below the first membrane and the one or more membranes to be spaced apart from the first membrane and the one or more membranes ,wherein the dual mode function pixel is controlled such that the self-luminescent element is driven either to emit light in a first mode operation or to selectively reflect a projected light by utilizing an interference of light generated between the first to one or more membranes and the lower layer in a second mode operation.2. The dual mode function pixel of claim 1 , wherein the one or more membranes include:a second membrane formed to be spaced apart from the first membrane and surround the first membrane; anda third membrane formed to be spaced apart from the second membrane and surround the second membrane.3. The dual mode function pixel of claim 2 , wherein the dual mode function pixel operates in the first mode when the intensity of the projected light is equal to or less than a threshold value and ...

ELECTRO-WETTING DISPLAY DEVICE

An electro-wetting display device including a backlight module, an opposite substrate, a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid is provided. The backlight module is used to provide a light. The opposite substrate is located above the backlight module. The opposite substrate includes an opposite electrode and a first dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer substantially covers the opposite electrode. The polar fluid is located between the backlight module and the opposite substrate. The non-polar fluid is located between the backlight module and the opposite substrate. 1. An electro-wetting display device comprising:a backlight module for providing a light; an opposite electrode; and', 'a first dielectric layer substantially covering the opposite electrode;', 'a polar fluid located between the backlight module and the opposite substrate; and', 'a non-polar fluid located between the backlight module and the opposite substrate., 'an opposite substrate disposed above the backlight module, the opposite substrate comprising2. The electro-wetting display device according to claim 1 , wherein the backlight module comprises:a light guide plate having a light-incident surface and a light-emitting surface; anda light source adjacent to the light-incident surface of the light guide plate.3. The electro-wetting display device according to claim 1 , wherein a wavelength of the light ranges from about 300 nm to about 430 nm4. The electro-wetting display device according to claim 1 , further comprising an electrode layer located between the backlight module and the polar fluid for providing a voltage to the polar fluid.5. The electro-wetting display device according to claim 4 , further comprising a second dielectric layer located between the polar fluid and the electrode layer.6. The electro-wetting display device according to claim 1 , wherein the opposite electrode is ring-shape or symmetrical shape.7. The electro-wetting display device according to claim 1 , further comprising ...

Electrowetting display device and manufacturing method thereof

The present inventive concept relates to an electrowetting display device including a lyophobic colloid material and a polymer resin such as an organic layer or a polyimide (PI), and a lyophobic layer including a supporting layer supporting the lyophobic colloid material and using a photoreactive fluorine-based surfactant for a fluorine-based material to be positioned above and for a hardened photoreactive material layer to be positioned below through exposure in a single step without separately performing a hydrophilic treatment and then a water-repellent treatment, thereby reducing the number of processes, the manufacturing time, and the cost.

Optical filter device and manufacturing method for the optical filter device

An optical filter device includes an interference filter and a housing. The interference filter includes a fixed substrate, a movable substrate joined to the fixed substrate, a fixed reflective film provided on the fixed substrate, and a movable reflective film provided on the movable substrate and opposed to the fixed reflective film across an inter-reflective film gap. The housing includes a base substrate on which the interference filter is arranged. A fixing member is arranged between the movable substrate and the base substrate. The movable substrate is fixed to the base substrate by the fixing member in one place excluding a region where the movable reflective film is provided.

Interference filter, optical module, and electronic apparatus

An interference filter includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, a first optical film provided to the first substrate, and a second optical film provided to the second substrate and opposed to the first optical film, at least one of the first and second optical films has a metal film having a reflecting property and a transmitting property with respect to light in a desired wavelength band, a surface and an edge portion of the metal film are covered by a barrier film, and the barrier film is formed of a material having conductivity.

Electrowetting display device and driving method thereof

A display device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a lyophobic layer, a first liquid, and a second liquid, where the lyophobic layer is lyophobic to the second liquid. A method of driving the display device includes: providing a first potential difference between the first electrode and the third electrode to thereby cause the first liquid to begin moving toward the second electrode; providing a second potential difference between the second electrode and the third electrode while reducing the first potential difference to thereby cause the first liquid to move toward the first electrode; and removing the second potential difference to thereby cause the first liquid to slow down in its movement toward the first electrode or to stop in its movement toward the first electrode.

Electrowetting display device and manufacturing method thereof

An electrowetting display device includes: a lower substrate, a pixel electrode disposed on the lower substrate, a lower water-repellent layer disposed on the pixel electrode, a plurality of partitions disposed on the lower water-repellent layer and an oil layer disposed on the lower water-repellent layer between the partitions, and wherein the partitions include a side wall having a reverse taper structure.

ELECTROWETTING DEVICES ON FLAT AND FLEXIBLE PAPER SUBSTRATES

Electro wetting devices and methods. The electro wetting device includes a grounded electrode on one side of a paper substrate . A dielectric layer and a hydrophobic film are sequentially layered onto the grounded electrode . The hydrophobic film is configured to impart a contact angle on a polar liquid . A polar liquid is in contact with the hydrophobic film and a voltage source couples the grounded electrode to the polar liquid . When an electric field is applied by the voltage source , the contact angle of the polar liquid decreases. 1. An electrowetting device comprising:a paper substrate;a grounded electrode on one side of the paper substrate;a dielectric layer on the electrode;a hydrophobic film on the dielectric, the hydrophobic film configured to impart a contact angle on a polar liquid;a polar liquid in contact with the hydrophobic film; anda voltage source coupling the grounded electrode with the polar liquid such that when an electric field is applied by the voltage source, the contact angle of the polar liquid decreases.2. The electrowetting device of claim 1 , wherein the grounded electrode is constructed from copper or indium tin oxide with a thickness that ranges from about 100 nm to about 200 nm.3. The electrowetting device of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer is constructed from alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , or parylene with a thickness that ranges from about 0.5 μm to about 1.0 μm.4. The electrowetting device of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic film is constructed from TEFLON claim 1 , FLUOROPEL claim 1 , silicone compounds claim 1 , or a fatty acid with a thickness that ranges from about 100 nm to about 150 nm.5. The electrowetting device of further comprising:a nonpolar liquid also in contact with the hydrophobic film, wherein the decrease in the contact angle of the polar liquid causes the polar liquid to displace the nonpolar liquid from the hydrophobic film.6. The electrowetting device of claim 1 , wherein the electric field is ...

ELECTROWETTING DISPLAY DEVICE

The disclosure provides an electrowetting display device. The electrowetting display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to each other. A first electrode layer may dispose on the first substrate. A second electrode layer may dispose on the second substrate. A hydrophobic dielectric layer is disposed on the first electrode layer. A first pixel rib is disposed on the first substrate. A second pixel rib is disposed on the first pixel rib. A water contact angle of the second pixel rib may be larger than that of the first pixel rib. A first liquid and a second liquid may be disposed in between the first substrate and the second substrate. 1. An electrowetting display device , comprising:a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;a first electrode layer disposed on the first substrate;a second electrode layer disposed on the second substrate;a hydrophobic dielectric layer disposed on the first electrode layer;a first pixel rib disposed on the first substrate;a second pixel rib disposed on the first pixel rib, wherein a water contact angle of the second pixel rib is larger than that of the first pixel rib; anda first liquid and a second liquid disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.2. The electrowetting display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second liquid contacts the hydrophobic dielectric layer claim 1 , and the first liquid is positioned on the second liquid.3. The electrowetting display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first liquid is a polarized liquid and the second liquid is a weak polarized liquid claim 1 , having a polarity which is weaker than the polarized liquid claim 1 , or a non-polarized liquid.4. The electrowetting display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a shape of a pixel defined by the first pixel rib comprises a rectangular shape claim 1 , a square shape claim 1 , a triangular shape claim 1 , a circular shape claim 1 , a fan shape or hexagonal ...

ELECTROWETTING DISPLAY

Provided is an electrowetting device capable of performing bright and high-contrast color display. In addition, provided is an electrowetting device capable of performing high-quality display without unevenness. 1. An electrowetting display in which each of a pair of substrates constituting one cell has a driving unit ,wherein a first substrate that stores a first hydrophobic liquid material in regions surrounded by a first pixel wall, and a second substrate that stores a second hydrophobic liquid material in regions surrounded by a second pixel wall are adhered to each other through a hydrophilic material.2. The electrowetting display according to claim 1 ,wherein a hydrophobic liquid material having light shielding properties is stored as a first hydrophobic liquid material in the regions surrounded by the first pixel wall, andtwo or more kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials, which contain a coloring material, are stored as the second hydrophobic liquid material in the regions surrounded by the second pixel wall, respectively.3. The electrowetting display according to claim 2 ,wherein the second hydrophobic liquid material corresponds to each color of RGB (Red, Green, Blue), CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow), RGGB (Red, Green, Green, Blue), or RGBY (Red, Green, Blue, Yellow).4. The electrowetting display according to claim 1 ,wherein in at least one of each of the regions surrounded by the first pixel wall and each of the regions surrounded by the second pixel wall, a protrusion having a height lower than the height of each of the pixel walls, or an undulation having a height lower than the height of each of the pixel walls is provided.5. The electrowetting display according to claim 1 ,wherein the hydrophilic material is a gel-like material.6. The electrowetting display according to claim 1 ,wherein the height of at least one of the first pixel wall and the second pixel wall is set to be 2 to 20 times the height of the hydrophobic liquid materials, which are stored by ...

Liquid meniscus lens with improved saline formulation

The present invention relates generally to a high-efficiency Electrowetting saline solution formulation. Specific embodiments include high-efficiency Electrowetting saline formulations that maximize the electrical performance of an arcuate liquid meniscus lens incorporated in an ophthalmic lens and operated using direct current.

ILLUMINATION OPTICAL SYSTEM, EXPOSURE APPARATUS, OPTICAL ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD

An illumination optical system which illuminates a surface to be illuminated on the basis of light from a light source has a first optical path in which a diffractive optical element can be arranged at a first position thereof; a second optical path in which a spatial light modulator with a plurality of optical elements arrayed two-dimensionally and controlled individually can be arranged at a second position thereof; and a third optical path which is an optical path of light having passed via at least one of the first optical path and the second optical path and in which a distribution forming optical system is arranged. The distribution forming optical system forms a predetermined light intensity distribution on an illumination pupil located in the third optical path, based on the light having passed via at least one of the first and second optical paths. 1. An illumination optical system which illuminates a surface to be illuminated on the basis of light from a light source , the illumination optical system comprising:a first optical path in which a diffractive optical element can be arranged at a first position thereof;a second optical path in which a spatial light modulator with a plurality of optical elements arrayed two-dimensionally and controlled individually can be arranged at a second position thereof; anda third optical path which is an optical path of light having passed via at least one of the first optical path and the second optical path and in which a distribution forming optical system is arranged,wherein the distribution forming optical system forms a predetermined light intensity distribution on an illumination pupil located in the third optical path, based on the light having passed via at least one of the first and second optical paths.2. The illumination optical system according to claim 1 , wherein the second position is the same position as the first position or a position optically conjugate with the first position.3. The illumination ...

FILTER WHEEL

An improved filter wheel is disclosed, through embodiments, that comprises a plurality of reflector support structures formed as a unitized structure with a circular base member. In some embodiments, the filter wheel further comprises a plurality of light sources mounted on the filter wheel. 110-. (canceled)11. A filter wheel apparatus comprising:a hollow right circular cylinder, comprising a cylindrical wall attached at its top edge to a planar circular solid base member perpendicular to an axis of rotation is and centered on the circular solid base member;{'b': '12', 'a mechanical shaft coupler positioned where the axis of rotation penetrates the circular solid base member; the mechanical shaft coupler being configured to fixedly fasten the filter wheel to a shaft that may be rotated by an actuator or motor; the filter wheel having a rotational position telemetered by sensors located on, or in proximity to, the filter wheel.'}12. The filter wheel apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the sensors are mounted directly to the shaft.13. The filter wheel apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the circular solid base member is penetrated by a plurality of base apertures whose centers are spaced about the circumference of a circle having a radius less than that of the circular solid base member.14508050. The filter wheel apparatus of claim 11 , wherein a first filter retaining structure may be associated with each of the base apertures and configured to secure an optical filter across the respective base member aperture .15. The filter wheel apparatus of claim 11 , wherein said optical filter may be a band pass filter that transmits light falling within a band of emission wavelengths while attenuating light having other wavelengths.16. A filter wheel apparatus of an automated microscope claim 11 , comprising a plurality of optical component modules positioned at angular intervals around the filter wheel claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of optical modules comprise the filters ...

Force-Insensitive Fabry-Perot Etalon

A Fabry-Perot etalon is provided with first and second partially reflecting mirrors ( 12, 14 ) attached to a cuboidal spacer ( 16 ). The spacer ( 16 ) has a cylindrical bore ( 18 ) through its centre and the mirrors ( 12, 14 ) are bonded, on axis, to opposite ends of this bore ( 18 ). Four support elements ( 22 - 28 ) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis in a tetrahedral configuration and constrain the cuboidal spacer ( 16 ) in all degrees of freedom. The cuboidal spacer ( 16 ) is flattened at its vertices, which results in modified distortion of the spacer ( 16 ) under the action of a compressive force acting through the supports. This structure of etalon provides insensitivity to inertial forces due to acceleration in all six degrees of freedom (three linear and three rotational) simultaneously with insensitivity to differential forces.

TIME-DOMAIN GATED FILTER FOR RF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

A time domain filter receives a double sideband (DSB) input in the frequency domain and compresses this input into a time domain signal filtered by a time gate for providing a time filtered signal that is then expanded back into the frequency domain as a single sideband (SSB) output with one sideband being filtered by the time gate for translating DSB signals into SSB signals well suited for communicating chirped modulated signals as SSB signals along an electrical line or optical fiber without dispersive nulling of the communicated signal. 118-. (canceled)19. An optical filter for filtering frequency components of an input signal , the optical filter comprising:(a) a chirped Bragg grating configured to receive the input signal and to compress the input signal into a time domain signal; and(b) an optical time gate comprising a triggerable optical modulator configured to pass only a subset of the time domain signal,the chirped Bragg grating configured to receive the subset of the time domain signal passed by the optical modulator and to decompress the received subset into an output signal.20. The optical filter of claim 19 , wherein the input signal comprises a chirped carrier signal modulated by a baseband signal.21. The optical filter of claim 20 , wherein the input signal comprises upper and lower sideband component signals claim 20 , the optical modulator being triggered so as to pass only one of the upper and lower sideband component signals.22. The optical filter of claim 19 , wherein the optical modulator comprises a Mach-Zehnder modulator.23. The optical filter of claim 19 , further comprising a first circulator configured to receive the input signal claim 19 , to transmit the input signal to the chirped Bragg grating claim 19 , to receive the time domain signal from the chirped Bragg grating claim 19 , and to transmit the time domain signal to the optical time gate.24. The optical filter of claim 23 , further comprising a second circulator configured to ...

DISPLAY ELEMENT AND ELECTRIC DEVICE THAT USES THE SAME

Oil (an insulating fluid) (), which does not mix with a polar liquid (), is enclosed within each of multiple pixel regions (p), in a display element () which is equipped with an upper substrate (a first substrate) (), a lower substrate (a second substrate) (), the polar liquid () which is enclosed within a display space (S) formed between the upper substrate () and the lower substrate () so as to be movable toward an effective display region (P) or a non-effective display region (P). Furthermore, a surface active agent () is added to at least one of the polar liquid () and the oil (). 1. A display element which includes a first substrate that is provided on a display surface side , a second substrate that is provided on a non-display surface side of the first substrate so that a predetermined display space is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate , an effective display region and a non-effective display region that are defined with respect to the display space , and a polar liquid that is enclosed within the display space so as to be movable toward the effective display region , or toward the non-effective display region , and in which a display color on the display surface side is changeable , by moving the polar liquid , the display element comprising:a plurality of signal electrodes which are provided within the display space so as to come into contact with the polar liquid and which are arranged along a predetermined arrangement direction;a plurality of scanning electrodes which are provided on one of the first and second substrates, in a state of being electrically insulated from the polar liquid, so as to be arranged in one of the effective display region and the non-effective display region, and which are provided so as to intersect the plurality of signal electrodes;a plurality of pixel regions, each of which is provided at an intersection portion where the signal electrode and the scanning electrode intersect each other;a rib which is ...