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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 3587. Отображено 100.
01-03-2012 дата публикации

System and Method for Displaying Images

Номер: US20120050839A1
Принадлежит: Texas Instruments Inc

System and method for simultaneous display of multiple images using a single light modulator array. A preferred embodiment comprises a light source that produces a light with desired spectral characteristics, a color filter optically coupled to the light source, and an array of light modulators optically coupled to the color filter. The color filter filters light from the light source to produce light of desired wavelengths and the array of light modulators simultaneously displays multiple images onto a display plane. Portions of the array of light modulators are designed so that each portion can independently display an image and the light source provides needed light to display the image.

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17-05-2012 дата публикации

Motion controlled actuator

Номер: US20120119612A1
Принадлежит: Tessera MEMS Technologies Inc

A device can have an outer frame and an actuator. The actuator can have a movable frame and a fixed frame. At least one torsional flexure and at least one hinge flexure can cooperate to provide comparatively high lateral stiffness between the outer frame and the movable frame and can cooperate to provide comparatively low rotational stiffness between the outer frame and the movable frame.

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28-06-2012 дата публикации

Mirror device, mirror array, optical switch, mirror device manufacturing method, and mirror substrate manufacturing method

Номер: US20120162736A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A mirror device includes a mirror ( 153 ) which is supported to be pivotable with respect to a mirror substrate ( 151 ), a driving electrode ( 103 - 1 - 103 - 4 ) which is formed on an electrode substrate ( 101 ) facing the mirror substrate, and an antistatic structure ( 106 ) which is arranged in a space between the mirror and the electrode substrate. This structure can fix the potential of the lower surface of the mirror and suppress drift of the mirror by applying a second potential to the antistatic structure.

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28-06-2012 дата публикации

Mirror device, mirror array, optical switch, mirror device manufacturing method, and mirror substrate manufacturing method

Номер: US20120162737A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A mirror device includes a mirror ( 153 ) which is supported to be pivotable with respect to a mirror substrate ( 151 ), a driving electrode ( 103 - 1 - 103 - 4 ) which is formed on an electrode substrate ( 101 ) facing the mirror substrate, and an antistatic structure ( 106 ) which is arranged in a space between the mirror and the electrode substrate. This structure can fix the potential of the lower surface of the mirror and suppress drift of the mirror by applying a second potential to the antistatic structure.

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28-06-2012 дата публикации

Microelectromechanical optical shutter system

Номер: US20120162741A1
Принадлежит: Teledyne Scientific and Imaging LLC

A microelectromechanical shutter system includes an actuator beam formed in a substrate, at least one actuator electrode spaced apart and electrically isolated from the actuator beam, the at least one actuator electrode angling away from a base of the actuator beam to actuate the actuator beam using a zipper action, and a fiber-optic channel in the substrate to receive a fiber-optic cable. A shutter mirror is included on a distal end of the actuator beam, with the shutter mirror in substantial alignment with a centerline of the fiber-optic channel. Upon application of a voltage between the actuator beam and the at least one actuator electrode, an electrostatic force is created between them to move the shutter mirror across the end of the fiber-optic channel.

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05-07-2012 дата публикации

Tabular member swinging device

Номер: US20120169702A1
Автор: Ryo Kodama, Takashi Ozaki
Принадлежит: Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc

A plurality of movable units is arranged in a matrix. First and second electrodes are used in common in the movable units arranged in a column. A plurality of third electrodes, which commonly connects tabular members of the movable units arranged in a row, is formed for each row. The drive circuit selects, in order and one by one, the third electrodes. Subsequently, the drive circuit swings the tabular member by applying a bias voltage to the selected third electrode and applying an approach voltage or a separating voltage to a plurality of the first electrodes and second electrodes. During a predetermined period of maintaining a swinging posture, the voltage applied to the third electrodes is maintained as the bias voltage. The tabular member is returned to a non-swinging state by changing the voltage applied to the third electrodes to a reset voltage after the lapse of the predetermined period.

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30-08-2012 дата публикации

Mems-scanning mirror device and method for manufacturing the same

Номер: US20120218613A1
Принадлежит: Individual

An MEMS-scanning mirror device includes an electrostatic comb actuator, in which a mirror surface is formed below a top surface (TOPS) of the mirror device. In a method for manufacturing the MEMS-scanning mirror device having the electrostatic comb actuator, a mirror surface ( 10 BS) of a mirror plate ( 10 B) is formed by removing an insulating layer (I) thereon.

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10-01-2013 дата публикации

Alignment methods in fluid-filled mems displays

Номер: US20130010341A1
Принадлежит: Pixtronix Inc

This application relates to a display including a first layer of material including a first aperture having at least one side, a first substrate separated from the first layer of material by a gap, where the first substrate is arranged to pass through a portion of light emitted from a light source into the gap. The display further includes a movable shutter arranged within the gap, where the shutter is movable to at least a first position and a second position, to obstruct passage of the portion of light through the first aperture at the first position. The movable shutter has a first edge, and in the first position, the movable shutter is aligned with the first aperture such that the first edge extends a first length past the at least one side of the first aperture.

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14-02-2013 дата публикации

MEMS Deployment Flexures

Номер: US20130036592A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A flexure assembly can have a stage that is deployed to a desired position by attachment of the flexure assembly to a housing. For example, a frame can be configured to be held in position by one portion of the housing and a deployment pad can be configured to be held in position by another portion of the housing. A deployment flexure can be configured to facilitate positioning of the frame and the deployment pad out-of-plane with respect to one another. The deployment flexure and a motion control flexure can facilitate movement of the stage with respect to the housing. In this manner, the position of the stage and the preload of the stage are determined by the housing.

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28-02-2013 дата публикации

Optical reflection element

Номер: US20130050791A1
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corp

An optical reflection element includes a frame, a meandrous vibrating part having an outer end connected with an inside of the frame, and a mirror part supported by an inner end of the meandrous vibrating part. The meandrous vibrating part has a meandrous shape that includes curved portions and vibrating beams alternately connected with the curved portions. A curvature of respective one of the curved portions is smaller than a curvature of at least one of the curved portions which is located closer to the inner end than the respective one of the curved portions. This optical reflection element has a large deflection angle of the mirror part.

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28-02-2013 дата публикации

Electronically Controlled Stage Lighting System

Номер: US20130050796A1

A lighting system operating using a digital mirror as its operative device. The digital mirror is used to shape the light which is a passed through advanced optical devices in order to produce an output.

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14-03-2013 дата публикации

Scanner apparatus having electromagnetic radiation devices coupled to mems actuators

Номер: US20130063801A1

A disclosed scanner apparatus includes a member having spaced apart proximal and distal portions. An electromagnetic radiation device is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation therefrom and is moveably coupled to the distal portion of the member. The electromagnetic radiation device is configured to move in a first plane of movement to a first position to direct the electromagnetic radiation along a first path and configured to move in the plane of movement to a second position to direct the electromagnetic radiation along a second path. A MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) actuator is coupled to the electromagnetic radiation device, wherein the MEMS actuator is configured to move in a first direction to move the electromagnetic radiation device to the first position and configured to move in a second direction to move the electromagnetic radiation device to the second position. Other scanning and robotic structure devices are disclosed.

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06-06-2013 дата публикации

TILTING ACTUATOR WITH CLOSE-GAP ELECTRODES

Номер: US20130141768A1
Принадлежит: Ramot at Tel-Aviv University Ltd.

A tunable tilting device is described. The device includes a tilting element and a suspension structure that has one or more flexures coupled to the tilting element. The suspension structure has a variable bending stiffness and configured to bend due to a tilting motion of the tilting element around a pivot axis. The suspension structure is responsive to a tuning force actuating a variation of an extension stress or a compression stress of the suspension structure, and thereby can vary the bending stiffness of the suspension structure. 1. A tunable tilting device comprising:{'b': 154', '156, 'a tilting element () and a suspension structure () including at least one flexure coupled to the tilting element, said suspension structure having a variable bending stiffness and configured to bend due to a tilting motion of the tilting element around a pivot axis, said suspension structure being responsive to a tuning force actuating a variation of an extension stress or a compression stress of the suspension structure, whereby the bending stiffness of the suspension structure is varied as a result of the response to the tuning force.'}2. The tilting device of claim 1 , wherein said tuning force is produced by an actuation selected from the list including an electrostatic actuation claim 1 , a magnetic actuation claim 1 , a piezoelectric actuation and a thermal actuation.3. The tilting device of claim 1 , wherein said pivot axis passes through a pivot point having a location substantially independent of deflection of the suspension structure from equilibrium position.4. The tilting device of claim 1 , comprising a tilting actuator comprising a fixable electrode structure (F) comprising mutually parallel fixable electrodes and a movable electrode structure (M) comprising mutually parallel movable electrodes coupled to the tilting element claim 1 , the fixable electrodes of said fixable electrode structure are at least partially interdigitated with the movable electrodes of ...

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06-06-2013 дата публикации

Micro structure, micro actuators, method of fabricating micro structure and micro actuators

Номер: US20130141769A1

A method for fabricating a micro-structure is provided, which can simply and easily fabricate the micro-structure by a batch process of directly forming a highly aligned nano-material array on a micro-structure to be used as an adhesive material during plastic deformation of the micro-structure without the use of existing complicated fabrication process.

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11-07-2013 дата публикации

Back-to-back displays

Номер: US20130176518A1
Принадлежит: Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc

Two-sided, back-to-back displays are formed by sealing the backplates of two displays against one another. Mechanical parameters of the backplates, e.g., stiffness and strength, do not meet the requirements for standalone one-sided displays which are otherwise similar to the two displays. However, when sealed against one another, the backplates reinforce each other to meet or exceed the requirements for both one-sided and two-sided displays. The presence of backplates on each of the constituent one-sided displays allows one or both of those displays to be individually tested, thereby increasing the production yield of the back-to-back displays. The display elements of the displays can comprise interferometric modulators.

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01-08-2013 дата публикации

Full Color Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator for Holographic Video Display System

Номер: US20130194651A1
Принадлежит: Light Field Corp

Full-color phase-only spatial light modulators (SLM) are proposed for modulating phase of the light. Proposed SLMs are low-power electrically actuated surface micromachined MEMS device with high reflectivity, high switching speed, high diffraction efficiency, high fill-factor and low surface adhesion to the substrate.

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01-08-2013 дата публикации

Biaxial mems mirror with hidden hinge and staggered electrodes

Номер: US20130194654A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A multi-layer hidden hinge and actuator design for high fill factor biaxial MEMS mirror array for wavelength selective switches (WSS) including a coarsely aligned orthogonal vertical comb drive and/or parallel plate actuator. Each micro-mirror in the MEMS linear piano micro-mirror array comprises a reflective body/mirror layer, a ground/hinge layer and a hot electrode/substrate layer. To increase the amount of surface area available for the hot and ground electrodes, the dimensions of the ground/hinge layer are extended longitudinally or laterally across the air gap between reflective layers to beneath the adjacent reflective layer. Ideally, diffraction patterns are formed on the surface of the ground/hinge layer to prevent stray light from reflecting back into the system.

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31-10-2013 дата публикации

DYNAMIC ACTUATION WAVEFORM FOR A DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE

Номер: US20130286463A1
Принадлежит:

A method of actuating micromirror elements of a digital micromirror device is disclosed. A logic state is stored in the micromirror element including applying a negative voltage more negative than about −5 volts to the micromirror element, applying a positive voltage less than about 5 volts to a first electrode, and applying ground to a second electrode. A first logic state is switched to a second logic state with an inverted waveform, including applying ground to the first electrode, applying a positive voltage less than 5 volts to the second electrode, applying a negative BSA voltage to the first electrode, applying a positive reset voltage pulse greater than about 10 volts, removing the negative BSA voltage, and applying the negative voltage to the micromirror element. 1. A method of actuating a digital micromirror device , comprising: applying a negative voltage more negative than about −5 volts to the micromirror element,', 'applying a positive voltage less than about 5 volts to a first electrode, and', 'applying ground to a second electrode; and, 'storing a logic state in a micromirror element including applying ground to the first electrode,', 'applying a positive voltage less than 5 volts to the second electrode,', 'applying a negative BSA voltage to the first electrode,', 'applying a positive reset voltage pulse greater than about 10 volts, and', 'removing the negative BSA voltage, and applying the negative voltage to the micromirror element., 'switching from a first logic state to a second logic state with an inverted waveform, including2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is coupled to a first SRAM cell in an SRAM array and the second electrode is coupled to a second SRAM cell in the SRAM array.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the SRAM array is formed in an isolated p-type well.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during the step of storing a logic state claim 1 , the negative voltage to the micromirror element is the range of ...

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26-12-2013 дата публикации

Display apparatus and method of fabricating the same

Номер: US20130341300A1
Принадлежит: Samsung Display Co Ltd

A display apparatus includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a light shielding layer including a first opening which transmits a light. The second substrate includes a shutter including a second opening which corresponds to the first opening, and a first flexible electrode part which is connected to one end of the shutter and transmits or blocks the light by moving the shutter. The first flexible electrode part includes a first flexible electrode, a second flexible electrode, and an insulation pattern. The insulation pattern insulates the first flexible electrode and the second flexible electrode from each other, and exposes upper and lower surfaces of the first flexible electrode and the second flexible electrode which are parallel to the second substrate, by covering portions of the first flexible electrode and the second flexible electrode.

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06-02-2014 дата публикации

MEMS DEVICE WITH INDEPENDENT ROTATION IN TWO AXES OF ROTATION

Номер: US20140036330A1
Принадлежит: MICRALYNE INC.

A MEMS arrangement is provided that has a top plane containing a rotatable element such as a mirror. There is a middle support frame plane, and a lower electrical substrate plane. The rotatable element is supported by a support frame formed in the middle support frame plane so as to be rotatable with respect to the frame in a first axis of rotation. The frame is mounted so as to be rotatable with respect to a second axis of rotation. Rotation in the first axis of rotation is substantially independent of rotation in the second axis of rotation. 1. A MEMS device comprising:a frame that supports a rotatable element so as to allow the rotatable element to rotate about a first axis of rotation;a first pair of interconnections that connect the frame to a pair of supports so as to allow the frame to rotate about a second axis of rotation;a first actuator for actuating rotation of the rotatable element in the first axis of rotation,a second actuator for actuating rotation of the frame in the second axis of rotation;the first actuator formed so as to rotate with the frame about the second axis of rotation.2. The MEMS device of wherein the first actuator is a first electrostatic actuator and wherein the second actuator is a second electrostatic actuator.3. The MEMS device of wherein the first electrostatic actuator comprises:at least one electrode formed in the frame connectable to a first control voltage;wherein the mirror is connectable to a ground voltage such that application of the first control voltage to the at least one electrode creates a potential difference between the at least one electrode and the mirror thereby causing rotation in the first axis of rotation.4. The MEMS device of further comprising:a conductive path for delivering the ground voltage to the mirror that passes through one of the supports and one of the first pair of interconnections;a conductive path for delivering the first control voltage to the first electrostatic actuator that passes through ...

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06-02-2014 дата публикации

Fabrication of a floating rocker mems device for light modulation

Номер: US20140036345A1
Принадлежит: Cavendish Kinetics Inc

The current disclosure shows how to make a fast switching array of mirrors for projection displays. Because the mirror does not have a via in the middle connecting to the underlying spring support, there is an improved contrast ratio that results from not having light scatter off the legs or vias like existing technologies. Because there are no supporting contacts, the mirror can be made smaller making smaller pixels that can be used to make higher density displays. In addition, because there is not restoring force from any supporting spring support, the mirror stays in place facing one or other direction due to adhesion. This means there is no need to use a voltage to hold the mirror in position. This means that less power is required to run the display.

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27-03-2014 дата публикации

Grayscale patterns from binary spatial light modulators

Номер: US20140085562A1
Принадлежит: Alces Technology Inc

Brightness-by-column grayscale and spatial Σ-Δ modulation grayscale allow grayscale patterns to be produced using a binary spatial light modulator as fast as the bright/dark switching speed.

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

Micro-mirror device and method for driving mirror thereof

Номер: US20160004068A1
Автор: Nan Liu, Roland V. Gelder
Принадлежит: Himax Display Inc

A micro-mirror device and a method for driving a mirror thereof are disclosed. The micro-mirror device includes a mirror, a first and a second electrode, a memory, and a controller. The mirror is tiltable about a hinge. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed on different sides of the hinge. The memory stores a state data indicating a first electrode state for the first electrode and a second electrode state for the second electrode corresponding to the mirror. The controller is operable to receive the state data of the first and second electrodes from the memory, and in response to a crossover operation request, the controller inverts the states of the first and second electrodes. The controller sends a reset signal to the mirror according to the modified states of the first and second electrodes.

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07-01-2016 дата публикации

VARIABLE SHAPE MIRROR, OPHTHALMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING VARIABLE SHAPE MIRROR

Номер: US20160004069A1
Принадлежит:

Provided is a technology that realizes a variable shape mirror using an actuator having a comb electrode structure, which can be relatively easily manufactured and displaced in two (±) directions perpendicular to a mirror reference plane. A variable shape mirror () includes: a mirror base () including a reflective surface (); and an actuator () including a first actuator and a second actuator. Each of the plurality of actuators is connected to the mirror base via a connecting portion (). The first actuator has a first electrode pair () of a comb electrode structure for displacing the connecting portion in a first direction perpendicular to the reflective surface. The second actuator has a second electrode pair () of a comb electrode structure for displacing the connecting portion in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the second electrode pair being separately formed from the first electrode pair. 1. A variable shape mirror , comprising:a mirror base including a reflective surface; andan actuator including a connecting portion to be connected to the mirror base, a first actuator, and a second actuator,each of the plurality of actuators being connected to the mirror base via the connecting portion,the first actuator including a first electrode pair of a comb electrode structure for displacing the connecting portion in a first direction perpendicular to the reflective surface,the second actuator including a second electrode pair of a comb electrode structure for displacing the connecting portion in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the second electrode pair being separately formed from the first electrode pair.2. A variable shape mirror according to claim 1 , a movable portion leading to the connecting portion;', 'a movable comb electrode extending from the movable portion in a direction along the reflective surface of the mirror base;', 'a fixed comb electrode engaged with the movable comb electrode with a gap therebetween;', 'a ...

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04-01-2018 дата публикации

Electronic device and electro-optical device

Номер: US20180004063A1
Автор: Hiroyuki Oikawa
Принадлежит: Seiko Epson Corp

An electronic device includes an electro-optical device including a substrate, a mirror for optical modulation disposed above one surface side of the substrate, and electrodes including an elevated address electrode disposed between the mirror and the substrate. The light source emits light toward the mirror in a direction at an angle with respect to the direction perpendicular to the mirror. The mirror includes a first incident end face which is an end face of the mirror located at a side from which the light is radiated, and a first antireflection film is provided on the first incident end face. The elevated address electrode includes a second incident end face which is an end face of the elevated address electrode located at the side from which the light is radiated, and a second antireflection film is provided on the second incident end face.

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07-01-2021 дата публикации

WIDE FIELD OF VIEW HYBRID HOLOGRAPHIC DISPLAY

Номер: US20210003969A1
Принадлежит: Real View Imaging Ltd.

A display for displaying a wide Field of View (FoV) scene including a holographic image within the scene, including a first Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) and an optical system for producing a first holographic image at a center of a displayed scene, and a second image display for producing at least a first additional image adjacent to the first holographic image. In some embodiments an augmented reality display is used for the displaying of the first holographic image at the center of a field of view and the second image adjacent to the first holographic image. In some embodiments a virtual reality display is used for the displaying of the first holographic image near the center of a field of view and the second image adjacent to the first holographic image. Related apparatus and methods are also described. 1. A system for displaying a wide Field of View (FoV) scene including a three-dimensional image within the scene , comprising:a head mounted display (HMD) comprising:a first display for producing a first, three-dimensional (3D) portion of a scene;an optical system for imaging the first 3D image toward a center of a viewer's field-of-view (FOV);a second display for producing a different resolution second image of a second portion of the scene next to the first 3D image; andwherein the optical system is arranged to allow the viewer a real view of the real world through the optical system,thereby combining a view of the first 3D image, the second image and the real world.2. The system of claim 1 , and further comprising a viewer pupil tracking component for tracking the viewer's pupil and wherein the viewer pupil tracking component provides data for controlling the first display and the optical system for displaying the first 3D image to the center of the viewer's FOV.3. The system of claim 1 , in which the second display comprises a lower spatial resolution display than the first display.4. The system of claim 1 , in which the second display comprises a display for ...

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03-01-2019 дата публикации

HIGH POWER ADAPTIVE MIRROR

Номер: US20190004310A1
Принадлежит:

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a mirror structure for adaptive optics devices, characterized in that it comprises: an elastically deformable layer in response to an applied force, said deformable layer comprising a central portion reflective to said an incident light beam (F); a support substrate positioned spaced with respect to said deformable layer; a spacer element connected to said elastically deformable layer and support substrate and positioned there between, said spacer element being arranged so that the separation distance between said first and second inner surface is in the range between 2 and 100 micron; an inner chamber at least partially defined by said first and substrate and by said spacer element, said inner chamber containing a pressurized gas (G); an actuator system capable of causing a deformation of said central portion counteracting the pressure of said pressurized gas; wherein, in use, said central portion is deformed according to profiles such as to control said light beam. Advantages may include thermal robustness and improved dimensional scaling properties. 1. A mirror structure for adaptive optics devices , the mirror structure comprising:an elastically deformable layer that deforms in response to an applied force, wherein the elastically deformable layer comprises a central portion reflective to an incident light beam;a support substrate positioned spaced with respect to the elastically deformable layer;a spacer element connected to the elastically deformable layer and to the support substrate and positioned there between, wherein the spacer element is arranged to provide a separation distance between a first inner surface and a second inner surface;an inner chamber at least partially defined by the elastically deformable layer, the support substrate, and the spacer element, wherein the inner chamber contains a pressurized fluid;an actuator system capable of causing a deformation of the central portion that ...

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18-01-2018 дата публикации

SCANNING MICROMIRROR

Номер: US20180017783A1
Автор: BU Jong Uk, JI Chang-Hyeon
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is scanning micromirror including a substrate, an outer gimbal connected to the substrate and including an outer coil, an inner gimbal connected to the outer gimbal and including an inner coil, a mirror connected to the inner gimbal and having a reflective face formed on one side, and a magnetic assembly disposed below the substrate, wherein a spring including a plurality of strings is provided between the inner gimbal and the mirror, the plurality of strings being symmetrical to one another with respect to a longitudinal axis of the spring. 1. A scanning micromirror comprising:a substrate;an outer gimbal connected to the substrate and including an outer coil;an inner gimbal connected to the outer gimbal and including an inner coil;a mirror connected to the inner gimbal and having a reflective face formed on one side; anda magnetic assembly disposed below the substrate,wherein a spring including a plurality of strings is provided between the inner gimbal and the mirror, the plurality of strings being symmetrical to one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the spring.2. The scanning micromirror of claim 1 , wherein the spring is formed such that a gap between the plurality of strings on one side at a middle of the spring is smaller than a gap between the plurality of strings at one end of the spring.3. The scanning micromirror of claim 2 , wherein the spring is formed such that a gap between the plurality of strings at one end of the spring adjacent to the inner gimbal is greater than a gap between the plurality of strings at one end of the spring adjacent to the mirror.4. The scanning micromirror of claim 1 , wherein the inner gimbal is formed to have a thickness of one side less than the thickness of another side connected to the mirror.5. The scanning micromirror of claim 1 , further comprising:a reinforcement rim circumferentially connected to the mirror.6. A scanning micromirror comprising:a magnetic assembly;a mirror disposed on the ...

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17-01-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROSTATIC SCANNER MONITORING SPRING STRESSES

Номер: US20190018233A1
Автор: Fu Yee-Chung, Su Han-Tang
Принадлежит: Ultimems, Inc.

An electrostatic scanner has a mirror, a first outer slow-scan spring, a second outer slow-scan spring, a plurality of out-of-plane comb assemblies, circuitry for voltage or resistance measurement. Angular positions of a mirror can be determined by changes of resistance of deformed springs located in a leg of the circuitry. The determined angular positions of the mirror can be used for feedback control. The mirror is a one-dimensional mirror to rotate about a first axis or a two-dimensional mirror to rotate about the first axis and a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. In one example, the circuitry is Wheatstone bridge circuitry. 1. An electrostatic scanner comprising:a mirror to rotate about a first direction;a first outer slow-scan spring to rotate about the first direction; anda second outer slow-scan spring to rotate about the first direction;wherein the first outer slow-scan spring and the second outer slow-scan spring are electrically and mechanically connected forming a portion of a slow-scan leg of a resistance monitoring circuitry.2. The electrostatic scanner of claim 1 , the resistance monitoring circuitry is a slow-scan Wheatstone bridge circuitry.3. The electrostatic scanner of further comprisinga first mid-range slow-scan spring to rotate about the first direction;a second mid-range slow-scan spring to rotate about the first direction;a first inner slow-scan spring to rotate about the first direction;a second inner slow-scan spring to rotate about the first direction;a first fast-scan spring to rotate about a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; anda second fast-scan spring to rotate about the second direction;wherein the mirror is further to rotate about the second direction;wherein the first mid-range slow-scan spring is between the first outer slow-scan spring and the first inner slow-scan spring;wherein the second mid-range slow-scan spring is between the second outer slow-scan spring and the second inner slow-scan spring; ...

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

DETECTION OF AMPLITUDE, REGULATION OF AMPLITUDE AND DETECTION OF DIRECTION OF AN OSCILLATION OF AN OSCILLATORY BODY

Номер: US20200018948A1
Принадлежит:

A device is provided for detecting and/or regulating an amplitude of an oscillation of an oscillatory body about an oscillation axis, wherein a change in a capacitance between at least one electrode of the oscillatory body and a stationary electrode takes place during the oscillation of the oscillatory body. The device comprises a detection circuit for detecting a signal representing a measure of the change in capacitance; and an evaluation circuit for determining information from the signal, wherein the evaluation circuit is designed to calculate the amplitude of the oscillation of the oscillatory body from the determined information and an ascertained period of the oscillation of the oscillatory body and/or to regulate the amplitude of the oscillation of the oscillatory body using the determined information and the ascertained period of the oscillation of the oscillatory body. 1. A device for detecting and/or regulating an amplitude of an oscillation of an oscillatory body about an oscillation axis , wherein a change in a capacitance between at least one electrode of the oscillatory body and a stationary electrode takes place during the oscillation of the oscillatory body , wherein the device comprises:a detection circuit to detect a signal representing a measure of the change in the capacitance; and wherein the information includes a measure of a time interval between a predetermined event in the signal corresponding to an angular position of the oscillatory body and a point in time of a crossing through a reference position of the oscillation,', 'wherein the evaluation circuit is designed to calculate the amplitude of the oscillation of the oscillatory body from the information and an ascertained period of the oscillation of the oscillatory body and/or to regulate the amplitude of the oscillation of the oscillatory body using the information and the ascertained period of the oscillation of the oscillatory body., 'an evaluation circuit to determined information ...

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29-01-2015 дата публикации

Linearly deployed actuators

Номер: US20150028698A1
Автор: Roman C. Gutierrez
Принадлежит: DigitalOptics Corp MEMS

A method for making an actuator includes forming a substantially planar actuator device of an electrically conductive material, the device incorporating an outer frame, a fixed frame attached to the outer frame, a moveable frame disposed parallel to the fixed frame, a motion control flexure coupling the moveable frame to the outer frame for coplanar, rectilinear movement relative to the outer frame and the fixed frame, and an actuator incorporating a plurality of interdigitated teeth, a fixed portion of which is attached to the fixed frame and a moving portion of which is attached to the moveable frame, moving the moveable frame to a deployed position that is coplanar with, parallel to and spaced at a selected distance apart from the fixed frame and fixing the moveable frame at the deployed position for substantially rectilinear, perpendicular movement relative to the fixed frame.

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23-01-2020 дата публикации

MEMS POSTING FOR INCREASED THERMAL DISSIPATION

Номер: US20200026027A1
Автор: Lee Sae Won
Принадлежит:

A Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) device having improved thermal management, and methods of fabricating the same are described. Generally, the device includes a piston layer suspended over a surface of a substrate by posts at four corners thereof, the piston layer including an electrostatically deflectable piston and a number of flexures through which the piston is coupled to the posts. A faceplate including an aperture through which the piston is exposed is suspended over the piston layer. Thermal sinking structures project from the surface of the substrate and extend through void spaces between the posts, the flexures and the piston of the piston layer to provide thermal management of the piston layer. The thermal posts substantially fill the void spaces without contacting either the flexures or the piston, and without altering a deflection gap between the piston and the surface of the substrate. Other embodiments are also described. 1. A Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) device comprising:a piston layer suspended over a surface of a substrate by posts at corners thereof, the piston layer including an electrostatically deflectable piston and a number of flexures through which the piston is coupled to the posts;a faceplate suspended over the piston layer, the faceplate including an aperture through which the piston exposed; anda plurality of thermal sinking structures projecting from the surface of the substrate and extending through void spaces between the posts, the flexures and the piston of the piston layer to provide thermal management of the piston layer,wherein the thermal sinking structures substantially fill the void spaces without contacting either the flexures or the piston to provide first thermal gaps separating the thermal sinking structures from the flexures and the piston, and without altering a deflection gap between the piston and the surface of the substrate.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the thermal sinking structures extend ...

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23-01-2020 дата публикации

High Étendue Spatial Light Modulator

Номер: US20200026066A1
Автор: Payne Alexander
Принадлежит:

A spatial light modulator (SLM) having improved &endue, and methods of fabricating and operating the same are described. Generally, the SLM includes pixels each including a tensile membrane suspended over a surface of a substrate by posts at corners thereof. The tensile membrane includes an electrostatically deflectable piston and flexures through which the piston is coupled to the posts. A platform having first light reflective surfaces is supported above and separated from the piston by one or more central posts extending from the piston to the platform, and a face-plate including a second light reflective surface is suspended over the platform. The face-plate includes plurality of apertures through which the first light reflective surfaces are exposed. Electrostatic deflection of the piston brings light reflected from the first light reflective surfaces into constructive or destructive interference with light reflected from the second light reflective surface. Other embodiments are also described. 1. A spatial light modulator (SLM) including a number of pixels , each pixel comprising:a tensile membrane suspended over a surface of a substrate by corner posts at corners thereof, the tensile membrane including an electrostatically deflectable piston and a number of flexures through which the piston is coupled to the posts;a platform supported above and separated from the piston by a central post extending from the piston to the platform;a number of first light reflective surfaces over a top surface of the platform; anda face-plate suspended over the platform, the face-plate including a second light reflective surface on a top surface thereof, and a plurality of apertures through which the number of first light reflective surfaces is exposed,wherein electrostatic deflection of the piston brings light reflected from the number of first light reflective surfaces into constructive or destructive interference with light reflected from the second light reflective surface. ...

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

Microelectromechanical system device

Номер: US20160033759A1
Принадлежит: Himax Display Inc

A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device includes a substrate and at least one MEMS unit disposed on the substrate. The MEMS unit includes at least one first electrode, at least one second electrode, at least one landing element, and a hinge layer. The first electrode is disposed on the substrate. The second electrode is disposed on the substrate. The landing element is disposed on the substrate. The hinge layer includes a hinge portion and at least one cantilever portion. The hinge portion is connected to the second electrode. The cantilever portion is connected to the hinge portion. The cantilever portion has a first opening and at least one spring disposed in the first opening and connected to at least one side of the first opening. When a voltage difference exists between the first electrode and the second electrode, the hinge portion is distorted and the spring thus touches the landing element.

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

Electro-Optical Device, Manufacturing Method for Electro-Optical Device, and Electronic Apparatus

Номер: US20160033760A1
Автор: SUGIMOTO Yohei
Принадлежит: SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION

An electro-optical device includes a substrate, a mirror support pillar extending in a direction in which the pillar intersects with a surface of the substrate, and a mirror that is so disposed as to be distanced from the substrate and to be capable of being displaced with respect to the mirror support pillar. The mirror has a reflective metal film, and a reflection enhancing lamination film that covers a portion including a surface and a side surface of the reflective metal film. 1. An electro-optical device comprising:a substrate;a mirror that includes a reflective metal film and is disposed above one surface of the substrate so as to be distanced from the substrate;a support section that is disposed between the substrate and the mirror, the support section has a portion connected to part of the mirror to support the mirror; anda reflection enhancing lamination film that is disposed so as to cover at least a part of a surface of the mirror on an opposite side to the substrate and a side surface of the mirror.2. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the reflection enhancing lamination film includes a first oxide film and a second oxide film, the second oxide film having a larger refractive index than the first oxide film and disposed on a side of the first oxide film opposite to the reflective metal film.3. The electro-optical device according to claim 2 ,wherein the first oxide film is silicon oxide, andthe second oxide film is silicon nitride.4. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the reflective metal film is made of aluminum.5. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the mirror includes, between the reflective metal film and the substrate, a seed lamination film for aligning crystal plane orientations.6. The electro-optical device according to claim 5 ,wherein the seed lamination film is a lamination film including a titanium nitride layer which is disposed between the reflective metal film and the ...

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01-02-2018 дата публикации

Projection display device and electrooptical device

Номер: US20180031954A1
Принадлежит: Seiko Epson Corp

An electrooptical device of a projection display device includes a first driving element and a second driving element. The first driving element switches a position of a first mirror between a first turn-on position, in which the first mirror reflects a first light-source light beam from a first irradiation direction in an ON-direction, and a first turn-off position, in which the first mirror reflects the first light-source light beam in a first OFF-direction. The second driving element switches a position of a second mirror between a second turn-on position, in which the second mirror reflects a second light-source light beam in the ON-direction, and a second turn-off position, in which the second mirror reflects the second light-source light beam in a second OFF-direction.

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

LASER SCANNER WITH PROJECTOR

Номер: US20200033500A1
Принадлежит:

A three-dimensional (3D) measuring device and a method of operating is provided. The 3D measuring device includes a housing and a processor system including at least one of a 3D scanner controller. A 3D scanner is disposed within the housing and operably coupled to the processor system, the scanner having a light source, a beam steering unit, a first angle measuring device, a second angle measuring device, and a light receiver. The scanner cooperates with the processor system to determine 3D coordinates of an object point. A laser projector includes a second light source and a movable mirror system, the second light source positioned to emit light onto the movable mirror system. The processor system causes the light source to emit light and the mirror to move to generate a pattern on a surface in the environment based at least in part on the 3D coordinates. 1. A three-dimensional (3D) measuring device comprising:a processor system including at least one of a 3D scanner controller;a housing;a 3D scanner disposed within the housing and operably coupled to the processor system, the 3D scanner having a light source, a beam steering unit, a first angle measuring device, a second angle measuring device, and a light receiver, the beam steering unit cooperating with the light source and the light receiver to define a scan area, the light source and the light receiver configured to cooperate with the processor system to determine a first distance to a first object point based at least in part on a transmitting of a light by the light source and a receiving of a reflected light by the light receiver, the 3D scanner configured to cooperate with the processor system to determine 3D coordinates of the first object point based at least in part on the first distance, a first angle of rotation and a second angle of rotation;a laser projector operably coupled to the housing, the laser projector having a second light source and a movable mirror system consisting of one or more ...

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

MICROMIRROR WITH IMPROVED SHOCK AND VIBRATION PERFORMANCE

Номер: US20200033589A1
Автор: Godil Asif, Valiente Chase
Принадлежит:

A layered hinge design providing an improved shock and vibration performance for a two-axis MEMS Micromirror featuring combs drive actuation with independent drive and control for rotating the Micromirror along two-axis of rotation. The two-axis MEMS Micromirror is fabricated using Double SOI wafer as the primary starting material. In addition, a plurality of actuation voltages are driven via conductive layers forming one or more hinges allowing the Micromirror to rotate along the two-axis of rotation. The layered hinge design achieves set angles that are highly stable over time and provides a robust and reliable micromirror that is easy to drive with multiple DC voltages, and moderately insensitive to temperature, shock and vibration. 1. A two-axis MEMS micromirror comprising:a micromirror;first and second hinges attaching the micromirror to an inner frame, the first and second hinges forming a first axis of rotation;third and fourth hinges attaching the inner frame to an outer frame, the third and fourth hinges forming a second axis of rotation, the second axis being orthogonal to the first axis;first and second comb drives configured to rotate the micromirror about the first axis; andthird and fourth comb drives configured to rotate the micromirror and the inner frame about the second axis, the first, second, third and fourth comb drives each including first respective comb fingers and second respective comb fingers;wherein the two-axis MEMS micromirror is formed in a multi-layer structure having an upper conductive layer and a bottom conductive layer, wherein the third hinge includes an upper hinge formed using the upper conductive layer and a bottom hinge formed using the bottom conductive layer, the bottom hinge to conduct a first electrical voltage to the first respective comb fingers of the third comb drive, the first respective comb fingers of the fourth comb drive, and at least one of the first and second hinges, the upper hinge to conduct a second ...

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12-02-2015 дата публикации

Method for producing structured optical components

Номер: US20150040368A1

The method according to the invention is used for producing optical components, in particular covers for encapsulating micro-systems, wherein at least one reinforcing element, which is produced before being arranged, is arranged on a first substrate, as a result of which a stack is produced. This stack is heated after being connected to a second substrate, as a result of which the first substrate is deformed such that at least one region, covered by the reinforcing element, of the first substrate is moved and/or is inclined or the first substrate is brought into contact with the reinforcing element. In an alternative method according to the invention, the reinforcing element is arranged on the second substrate, wherein this stack is then connected to the first substrate. The first substrate is subsequently heated and deformed such that a region of the first substrate is brought into contact with the reinforcing element.

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR OBTAINING PARAMETERS DEFINING A PIXEL BEAM ASSOCIATED WITH A PIXEL OF AN IMAGE SENSOR COMPRISED IN AN OPTICAL DEVICE

Номер: US20180038733A1
Принадлежит:

A method for obtaining, for at least one pixel of an image sensor comprised in an optical device, parameters defining a pixel beam is described. The method is remarkable in that it includes determining a direction of a chief ray associated with at least one pixel of the image sensor from the features of an optical system associated with the optical device, determining a set of pixels formed in a screen of a display device, the set of pixels comprising at least one pixel close to a point corresponding to an intersection of the chief ray and the screen, and the set of pixels comprising only pixels which are detected by the at least one pixel of the image sensor, when they are illuminated. 1. A method for obtaining , for at least one pixel of an image sensor comprised in an optical device , parameters defining a pixel beam , wherein the method comprises:determining a direction of a chief ray associated with said at least one pixel of said image sensor from the features of an optical system associated with said optical device;determining a set of pixels comprised in a screen of a display device, said set of pixels comprising at least one pixel, close to a point corresponding to an intersection of said chief ray and said screen, and said set of pixels comprising only pixels which are detected by said at least one pixel of said image sensor, when they are illuminated; and wherein said determining said set of pixels comprises:illuminating at least one pixel around said point corresponding to the intersection of said chief ray and said screen;verifying if said at least one illuminated pixel is detected by said at least one pixel of said image sensor;and wherein said method further comprises determining said parameters defining said pixel beam associated with said at least one pixel of said image sensor from a subset of pixels comprised in said set of pixels, said subset of pixels corresponding to a cross section of said pixel beam.2. The method according to claim 1 , ...

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

OPTICAL MODULATION DEVICE

Номер: US20180039152A1
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

An optical modulation device includes: a Mach-Zehnder modulator including a semiconductor waveguide; a plurality of phase modulators that are spaced from each other; a first amplifier that is coupled with an input transmission line transmitting an electrical signal, has an input impedance substantially equal to a characteristic impedance of the input transmission line; a first interconnection that is coupled to the first amplifier and transmits the electrical signal to a first end of one of the plurality of phase modulators that is provided on an input side of the Mach-Zehnder modulator; a second interconnection that is coupled to the first amplifier and transmits the electrical signal to a first end of the other of the plurality of phase modulators that is provided on an output side of the Mach-Zehnder modulator; and a plurality of termination resistors respectively coupled to second ends of the plurality of phase modulators. 1. An optical modulation device comprising:a Mach-Zehnder modulator that includes a mesa-shaped semiconductor waveguide formed on a substrate;a plurality of phase modulators of transmission line type that are spaced from each other along the semiconductor waveguide of the Mach-Zehnder modulator;a first amplifier that is coupled with an input transmission line transmitting an electrical signal, has an input impedance substantially equal to a characteristic impedance of the input transmission line, and amplifies the electrical signal;a first interconnection that is coupled to the first amplifier and transmits the electrical signal to a first end of one of the plurality of phase modulators that is provided on an input side of the Mach-Zehnder modulator;a second interconnection that is coupled to the first amplifier and transmits the electrical signal to a first end of the other of the plurality of phase modulators that is provided on an output side of the Mach-Zehnder modulator; anda plurality of termination resistors that are respectively ...

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07-02-2019 дата публикации

MEMS Device for Large Angle Beamsteering

Номер: US20190039881A1
Принадлежит:

An actuator element of a MEMS device is provided, which is fabricated using surface micromachining on a substrate. An insulating layer having a first portion contacts the substrate while a second portion is separated from the substrate by a gap. A metallic layer contacts the insulating layer having a first portion contacting the first portion of the insulating layer and a second portion contacting the second portion of the insulating layer. The second portion of the metallic layer is prestressed. Alternately, the actuator element includes a first insulating layer separated from the substrate by a gap. A metallic layer has a first portion contacting the substrate and a second portion contacting the insulating layer. A second insulating layer contacts a portion of the second portion of the metallic layer opposite the first insulating layer, where the second insulating layer is prestressed. 1. An actuator element of a MEMS device fabricated using surface micromachining on a substrate to create large , out-of-plane deflection , the actuator element comprising:an insulating layer having a first portion contacting the substrate and a second portion separated from the substrate by a gap;a metallic layer contacting the insulating layer having a first portion contacting the first portion of the insulating layer and a second portion contacting the second portion of the insulating layer,wherein the second portion of the metallic layer is prestressed.2. The actuator element of claim 1 , further comprising:an electrode formed on the substrate in the gap between the second portion of the insulating layer and the substrate.3. The actuator element of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the metallic layer is tensilely prestressed.4. The actuator element of claim 1 , wherein the metallic layer is selected from a group consisting of gold claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , and combinations thereof. ...

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24-02-2022 дата публикации

SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR SYSTEM, SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR DEVICE, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS

Номер: US20220059041A1
Автор: NISHIIKE AKIHITO
Принадлежит:

[Object] To provide a spatial light modulator device, a spatial light modulator system, and a display apparatus that are capable of preventing influences of mechanical operations of a light modulation unit on a minimum update interval. 1. A spatial light modulator device , comprising:a light modulation unit that performs a transition operation between a first state and a second state;a first memory in which data for specifying which one state of the first state and the second state the light modulation unit is to be put in is written during a transition time in which the transition operation is performed; anda second memory in which the data retained in the first memory is written after the transition time ends and which supplies the data to the light modulation unit.2. The spatial light modulator device according to claim 1 , whereinthe light modulation unit includes a light reflector that reflects incident light and a drive mechanism that changes an angle of the light reflector, andthe light reflector is inclined at a first angle in the first state and is inclined at a second angle in the second state.3. The spatial light modulator device according to claim 2 , whereinthe transition time is the sum of an angle change time that is a time in which the angle of the light reflector is changed and a settling time that is a time until vibrations of the light reflector converge after the change of the angle.4. The spatial light modulator device according to claim 2 , whereinthe drive mechanism includes an address electrode connected to the second memory and the address electrode has a potential which is determined by the data.5. The spatial light modulator device according to claim 4 , whereinthe address electrode includes a first address electrode and a second address electrode andthe data determines a potential difference between the first address electrode and the second address and a reference potential.6. The spatial light modulator device according to claim 5 , ...

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18-02-2021 дата публикации

IMAGE SCANNING USING STATIONARY OPTICAL ELEMENTS

Номер: US20210048695A1
Принадлежит:

A device for imaging a region of interest includes a scanning assembly configured to steer a light beam incident thereon relative to a target location. The scanning assembly includes a first stationary optical device configured to control a circular polarization direction of the light beam and transmit the light beam to a second stationary optical device, and the second stationary optical device is configured to deflect the light beam to the target location. The device also includes an image sensor configured to generate an image based on the deflected light beam. 1. A device for imaging a region of interest , comprising:a scanning assembly configured to steer a light beam incident thereon relative to a target location, the scanning assembly including a first stationary optical device configured to control a circular polarization direction of the light beam and transmit the light beam to a second stationary optical device, the second stationary optical device configured to deflect the light beam to the target location; andan image sensor configured to generate an image based on the deflected light beam.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first stationary optical device and the second stationary optical device include liquid crystal components.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first stationary device is a liquid crystal half wave plate configured to control the circular polarization direction based on an applied voltage.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the second stationary device is a liquid crystal polarized grating configured to deflect the light beam by a selected angle in a deflection direction based on the circular polarization direction.5. The device of claim 4 , further comprising a quarter wave plate configured to transform the light beam between a linear circularization and a circular polarization.6. The device of claim 4 , wherein the scanning assembly includes a plurality of pairs of optical devices in an optical path of the light beam claim 4 , ...

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19-02-2015 дата публикации

Actuator, optical reflecting element, and image forming device using optical reflecting element

Номер: US20150049155A1

An actuator includes a frame, a driver portion having one end connected to an inside of the frame, a movable portion connected to another end of the driver portion, and an electrode provided at the movable portion. The driver portion vibrates the movable portion by being driven by a driving signal. The electrode receives a high-frequency signal higher than that of the driving signal. This actuator is driven at a high speed by a large deflection angle, and can prevent dust from adhering to the movable portion.

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15-02-2018 дата публикации

ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

Номер: US20180045912A1
Автор: KONDO Manabu
Принадлежит: SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION

An electro-optical apparatus has an element substrate that is provided with a mirror and a sealing member which seals the mirror, and the sealing member includes a light-transmitting cover which faces the mirror opposite from the element substrate. An infrared cut filter is laminated on the light-transmitting cover. 1. An electro-optical device comprising:an element substrate;a mirror that is provided on a first face side of the element substrate;a driving element that drives the mirror;a sealing member that has a light-transmitting cover and is provided such that the mirror is positioned between the light-transmitting cover and the element substrate;an infrared cut filter that is provided on the light-transmitting cover;a substrate on which the element substrate is mounted; anda lead terminal that extends outside from the substrate, the lead terminal having a bent section that is bent in a direction in which a leading end section of the lead terminal is away from the substrate.2. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the infrared cut filter is formed of a film that is laminated on at least one of a second face of the light-transmitting cover and a third face of the light-transmitting cover, the second face faces the mirror, and the third face is on an opposite side from the second face.3. (canceled)4. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the lead terminal includes a convex section that protrudes in a direction which intersects with an extension direction of the lead terminal.5. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein a heat dissipation unit is provided on a face on an opposite side from the element substrate of the substrate.6. The electro-optical device according to claim 5 ,wherein the heat dissipation unit is a heat sink on which a heat dissipation fin is provided.7. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the sealing member includes a spacer that surrounds a region in which the mirror is ...

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08-05-2014 дата публикации

Color performance and image quality using field sequential color (fsc) together with single-mirror imods

Номер: US20140125707A1
Принадлежит: Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for applying field-sequential color (FSC) methods to displays that include single-mirror interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be multi-state IMODs or analog IMODs. In one aspect, grayscale levels may be provided by varying a mirror/absorber gap height between black and white states. In other implementations, grayscale levels may be obtained by varying the gap height between the black state and second-order color peaks.

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08-05-2014 дата публикации

Variable shape mirror and method of manufacturing the same

Номер: US20140126034A1
Принадлежит: Canon Inc

In the method of manufacturing a micro structure including a membrane in a first substrate, a movable portion, a movable comb electrode, a suppressing unit, a support portion, and a fixed comb electrode are formed, and the movable portion of the first substrate and a second substrate are bonded. Then, the bonded second substrate is processed to form a membrane such as a reflecting portion. The movable comb electrode is supported by the movable portion and extends in a direction parallel to the membrane surface. The suppressing unit suppresses displacement of the movable comb electrode and the movable portion in a direction other than a direction normal to the membrane surface. The fixed comb electrode is supported by the support portion and extends in the direction parallel to the membrane surface. The fixed comb electrode is alternately arranged with respect to the movable comb electrode with a gap therebetween.

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03-03-2022 дата публикации

CAPACITANCE SENSING IN A MEMS MIRROR STRUCTURE

Номер: US20220066197A1
Принадлежит:

According to certain embodiments, a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) apparatus has a MEMS mirror structure with a rotatable mirror. Rotation of the mirror produces a change in a measured capacitance corresponding to an angle of rotation. The MEMS structure sits on an oxide layer deposited on a substrate. There is a parasitic capacitance between the MEMS mirror structure and the substrate. An added capacitance is provided between the substrate and a DC voltage source. The added capacitance is much larger than the parasitic capacitance, and shunts the parasitic capacitance to ground to minimize its effect on the measured capacitance.

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03-03-2022 дата публикации

SCANNING MIRROR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SCANNING MIRROR

Номер: US20220066198A1
Принадлежит: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

A scanning mirror can prevent the oxidation or hydroxylation of a torsion bar, thereby suppressing deterioration of the torsion bar and a manufacturing method for the scanning mirror. A scanning mirror has a torsion bar which is provided so as to support a mirror portion and of which the surface is covered with an ALD layer. The scanning mirror is configured such that the mirror portion can be rotated around an axis that extends along the torsion bar when torsional force is applied to the torsion bar. The scanning mirror is manufactured by forming the mirror portion and the torsion bar and then forming an ALD layer on at least the surface of the torsion bar using an atomic layer deposition method.

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26-02-2015 дата публикации

Multi-dimensional electronic circuitry formed upon bicontinuous structures

Номер: US20150055209A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A three-dimensional circuit includes a hyperbolic bicontinuous structure forming a substrate; circuits formed on a first surface of the hyperbolic bicontinuous structure; and electrically conductive traces formed between the circuits. The electrically conductive traces are formed two-dimensionally on the first surface of the hyperbolic bicontinuous structure. The electrically conductive traces are effectively three-dimensional traces between the circuits.

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14-02-2019 дата публикации

IMAGE INPUT DEVICE AND IMAGE INPUT METHOD

Номер: US20190049718A1
Автор: Kato Shingo
Принадлежит: OLYMPUS CORPORATION

Provided is an image input device that includes: a scanning unit; a scanning signal obtaining unit; a feature amount detecting unit; an extraction period determining unit; and an image-generating unit that obtains a shift amount between the outward path scanning signal and the return path scanning signal, using the one of the outward path scanning signal and the return path scanning signal in the extraction period and the other of the outward path scanning signal and the return path scanning signal, compensates for the shift between the outward path scanning signal and the return path scanning signal based on the shift amount, and generates an image signal using the shift-compensated outward path scanning signal and return path scanning signal. 1. An image input device comprising:a scanning unit that moves a scanning point, which is a point where light from a light source is incident on a surface of a sample, in a reciprocating manner, and outputs a scanning period end signal that represents ending of a reciprocating scanning period;a scanning signal obtaining unit that obtains an outward path scanning signal that represents an intensity of light reflected from the scanning point along an outward path, and a return path scanning signal that represents an intensity of light reflected from the scanning point along a return path;a feature amount detecting unit that detects a feature amount from one of the outward path scanning signal and the return path scanning signal, the feature amount representing an amount of a high-frequency component which is a component whose frequency is higher than a predetermined frequency;an extraction period determining unit that determines an extraction period in which an amount of the high-frequency component indicated by the feature amount is larger than a predetermined amount; and obtains a shift amount between the outward path scanning signal and the return path scanning signal, using the one of the outward path scanning signal and ...

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14-02-2019 дата публикации

SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR, METHOD OF DRIVING SAME, AND EXPOSURE METHOD AND APPARATUS

Номер: US20190049857A1
Принадлежит: NIKON CORPORATION

A method of driving a spatial light modulator includes: setting, in an array of mirror elements, mirror elements in a first state for turning incident light into reflected light with the same phase as that of the incident light or with a phase different by a first phase from that of the incident light and mirror elements in a second state for turning incident light into reflected light with a phase different approximately 180° from the first phase to an arrangement with a first phase distribution; and setting, in the array of mirror elements, the first mirror elements and the second mirror elements to an arrangement with a second phase distribution which is an inversion of the first phase distribution. 1. An exposure apparatus for exposing a substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system , comprising:a plurality of reflective optical elements provided on an object surface of the projection optical system and capable of being individually controlled;a substrate stage which holds the substrate to move the substrate along a scanning direction; anda controller configured to control the plurality of reflective optical elements and movement of the substrate stage, set a first reflective optical element among the plurality of reflective optical elements in a first state to illuminate a first position on the substrate with first exposure light of a first phase from the first reflective optical element of the first state via the projection optical system,', 'move the substrate stage in the scanning direction by a first distance, and', 'set a second reflective optical element among the plurality of reflective optical elements in a second state different from the first state to illuminate the first position on the substrate with second exposure light of a second phase from the second reflective optical element of the second state via the projection optical system, the second reflective optical element being separated from the first reflective optical element by ...

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14-02-2019 дата публикации

WIDE FIELD OF VIEW HYBRID HOLOGRAPHIC DISPLAY

Номер: US20190049899A1
Принадлежит:

A display for displaying a wide Field of View (FoV) scene including a holographic image within the scene, including a first Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) and an optical system for producing a first holographic image at a center of a displayed scene, and a second image display for producing at least a first additional image adjacent to the first holographic image. In some embodiments an augmented reality display is used for the displaying of the first holographic image at the center of a field of view and the second image adjacent to the first holographic image. In some embodiments a virtual reality display is used for the displaying of the first holographic image near the center of a field of view and the second image adjacent to the first holographic image. Related apparatus and methods are also described. 1. A method for displaying a wide Field of View (FoV) scene including an interference based holographic image within the scene , comprising:setting pixel values in a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) for producing a Computer Generated Hologram (CGH);illuminating the SLM with coherent light, thereby producing a first interference based holographic image;setting pixel values in a first additional SLM for producing a first additional image;illuminating the first additional SLM, thereby producing a first additional image; andallowing a real view of the real world to be viewable through and around the first holographic image and the first additional image,whereinthe first holographic image is projected toward a viewer's fovea;the first additional image is displayed as part of the scene and adjacent to the first holographic image; andthe real view of the real world is also viewable as part of the scene.2. The method of claim 1 , and further comprising:tracking a viewer's pupil; andcontrolling the displaying the first holographic image to direct the first holographic image to the viewer's pupil using a direction-adjustable optical element.3. The method of claim 1 , in which ...

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25-02-2021 дата публикации

Piston-mode spatial light modulator

Номер: US20210055540A1
Принадлежит: Texas Instruments Inc

A piston-mode spatial light modulator (SLM) includes a mirror and an electrode. The electrode is attached to the mirror. The electrode includes: a rigid body; and three spring legs coupled to the rigid body and configured to displace the rigid body responsive to an electrostatic force applied to the electrode.

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25-02-2021 дата публикации

Mems mirror for oct probe and method of manufacturing such mems mirror

Номер: US20210055543A1
Принадлежит: Scinvivo BV

A forward looking MEMS based OCT probe (50) is provided that comprises an elongate probe housing (51) having at a first end a probe interface (54) for an optic fibre (56), and at a second opposite end a viewing window (58). The probe housing accommodates a MEMS mirror (10) for sweeping a hght beam (60) through the viewing window and for reflecting light received through the viewing window towards the probe interface, wherein a rotation axis (18) of the MEMS mirror extends transverse to a longitudinal axis (62) defined by the probe housing. The MEMS mirror (10) has a stator (12), a rotor (14), and an actuator (16) with at least one pair of mutually interdigitated comb elements including at least a first comb element fixed to the stator defining a reference plane and at least a second comb element fixed to the rotor and that is further coupled at mutually opposite sides via a respective torsion beam (20A, 20B) to the stator. The rotor has a rotor body (14RB) and a rotor support (14RS), fixed at a first face of the rotor body, that keeps the rotor body at a distance from the stator within said rotation range, the rotor body having a mirror surface (14MS) at a second face opposite the first face, the MEMS mirror comprising the stator (12) and the rotor support (14RS) at mutually opposite sides of the reference plane (RP).

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13-02-2020 дата публикации

Dmd based uv absorption detector for liquid chromatography

Номер: US20200049674A1

A detector for use in liquid chromatography is provided. The detector includes a light delivery system comprising a light source that emits one or more spectral lines of light of a light spectrum. The detector has an entrance slit configured to receive the one or more spectral lines of light and a wavelength selection module comprising a digital micro-mirror device. The digital micro-mirror device is configured to redirect the one or more spectral lines of light to a flow cell. The flow cell is optically connected to the wavelength selection module.

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13-02-2020 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEM FOR WAVELENGTH TUNABLE OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND SUB-SYSTEMS

Номер: US20200049891A1
Принадлежит:

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has enabled telecommunication service providers to provide multiple independent multi-gigabit channels on one optical fiber.-To meet demands for improved performance, increased integration, reduced footprint, reduced power consumption, increased flexibility, re-configurability, and lower cost monolithic optical circuit technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have become increasingly important. However, further integration via microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) of monolithically integrated optical waveguides upon a MEMS provide further integration opportunities and functionality options. Such MOEMS may include MOEMS mirrors and optical waveguides capable of deflection under electronic control. In contrast to MEMS devices where the MEMS is simply used to switch between two positions the state of MOEMS becomes important in all transition positions. Improvements to the design and implementation of such MOEMS mirrors, deformable MOEMS waveguides, and optical waveguide technologies supporting MOEMS devices are presented where monolithically integrated optical waveguides are directly supported, moved and/or deformed by a MEMS. 1. A device comprising:an optical waveguide structure comprising a first predetermined portion formed from a plurality of three-dimensional (3D) optical waveguides for routing an optical signal upon a substrate and a second predetermined portion comprising an input 3D optical waveguide for routing the optical signals from a first subset of the plurality of 3D optical waveguides to or from the input 3D optical waveguide; anda rotational microoptoelectromechanical (MOEMS) element comprising a pivot and an actuator supporting the input 3D optical waveguide; whereina predetermined rotation of the MOEMS element under the motion of the actuator results in an alignment of the input 3D optical waveguide with a predetermined 3D optical waveguide of the first subset of the plurality of 3D optical ...

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13-02-2020 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEM FOR WAVELENGTH TUNABLE OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND SUB-SYSTEMS

Номер: US20200049893A1
Принадлежит:

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has enabled telecommunication service providers to provide multiple independent multi-gigabit channels on one optical fiber.-To meet demands for improved performance, increased integration, reduced footprint, reduced power consumption, increased flexibility, re-configurability, and lower cost monolithic optical circuit technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have become increasingly important. However, further integration via microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) of monolithically integrated optical waveguides upon a MEMS provide further integration opportunities and functionality options. Such MOEMS may include MOEMS mirrors and optical waveguides capable of deflection under electronic control. In contrast to MEMS devices where the MEMS is simply used to switch between two positions the state of MOEMS becomes important in all transition positions. Improvements to the design and implementation of such MOEMS mirrors, deformable MOEMS waveguides, and optical waveguide technologies supporting MOEMS devices are presented where monolithically integrated optical waveguides are directly supported, moved and/or deformed by a MEMS. 1. An optical device comprising:a substrate; a rotatable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) element; and', 'a first optical waveguide formed upon the rotatable MEMS element rotating under action of the rotatable MEMS element; and', 'a grating formed upon the rotatable MEMS element optically coupled to a facet of the first optical waveguide;, 'a rotational microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) element integrated upon the substrate in a first predetermined position comprisinga second optical waveguide integrated upon the substrate having a first end disposed at a first predetermined position with respect to the rotational MOEMS element; whereinrotation of the grating under action of the rotatable MEMS element reflects a predetermined portion of optical signals coupled to it from the ...

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13-02-2020 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEM FOR WAVELENGTH TUNABLE OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND SUB-SYSTEMS

Номер: US20200049894A1
Принадлежит:

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has enabled telecommunication service providers to provide multiple independent multi-gigabit channels on one optical fiber. To meet demands for improved performance, increased integration, reduced footprint, reduced power consumption, increased flexibility, re-configurability, and lower cost monolithic optical circuit technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have become increasingly important. However, further integration via microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) of monolithically integrated optical waveguides upon a MEMS provide further integration opportunities and functionality options. Such MOEMS may include MOEMS mirrors and optical waveguides capable of deflection under electronic control. In contrast to MEMS devices where the MEMS is simply used to switch between two positions the state of MOEMS becomes important in all transition positions. Improvements to the design and implementation of such MOEMS mirrors, deformable MOEMS waveguides, and optical waveguide technologies supporting MOEMS devices are presented where monolithically integrated optical waveguides are directly supported, moved and/or deformed by a MEMS. 1. An optical source comprising:a substrate;an optical cavity comprising a first high reflectivity facet, a second high reflectivity facet, and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) disposed between the first high reflectivity facet and the second high reflectivity facet; whereinthe first high reflectivity facet comprises at least a tunable optical wavelength filter employing a rotational microoptoelectromechanical (MOEMS) element integrated upon the substrate;the first high reflectivity facet has a high reflectivity over a predetermined bandwidth determined by the tunable optical wavelength filter; anda center wavelength of the optical source can be set to one of a plurality of predetermined wavelengths within a predetermined wavelength range based upon setting the tunable optical ...

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13-02-2020 дата публикации

OPTICAL MODULE

Номер: US20200049977A1
Принадлежит: HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.

An optical module includes a support layer, a device layer which is provided on the support layer, and a movable mirror which is mounted in the device layer. The device layer has a mounting region in which the movable mirror is mounted, and a driving region which is connected to the mounting region. A space corresponding to at least the mounting region and the driving region is formed between the support layer and the device layer. The mounting region is disposed between a pair of elastic support regions included in the driving region and is supported by the pair of elastic support regions. 1. An optical module comprising:a support layer;a device layer which is provided on the support layer; anda movable mirror which is mounted in the device layer, a mounting region in which the movable mirror is mounted, and', 'a driving region which is connected to the mounting region,, 'wherein the device layer has'}wherein a space corresponding to at least the mounting region and the driving region is formed between the support layer and the device layer, andwherein the mounting region is disposed between a pair of elastic support regions included in the driving region and is supported by the pair of elastic support regions.2. The optical module according to claim 1 , further comprising:an intermediate layer which is provided between the support layer and the device layer,wherein an opening is formed in the intermediate layer,wherein the space includes a region inside the opening,wherein the support layer is a first silicon layer of an SOI substrate,wherein the device layer is a second silicon layer of the SOI substrate, andwherein the intermediate layer is an insulating layer of the SOI substrate.3. The optical module according to claim 1 ,wherein the pair of elastic support regions sandwich the mounting region from both sides when viewed in a direction in which the mounting region moves.4. The optical module according to claim 1 ,wherein a mirror surface of the movable mirror ...

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13-02-2020 дата публикации

Immersive Optical Projection System

Номер: US20200050095A1
Автор: Ronald S. Maynard
Принадлежит: Individual

An improved virtual reality system comprising an immersive sound system, sensors, a power source, communications, data processing, and an optical system that delivers photoreceptor density resolution, wide angle, high contrast, binocular vision, continuous depth of field images, is integrated for a fully immersive experience. In one embodiment, an optical system comprises a miniaturized array of projectors geometrically arranged to cover the photoreceptive areas of the retina. The projectors provide full spectrum, amplitude modulated, and controllably divergent beams of light that can be steered with one or more degrees of freedom. These beams are subsequently reflected off a compound curved reflector, through additional optics, and along reversible light paths to form images on the retina. Segmented projector arrays greatly improve dynamic performance. In another embodiment, an adaptive optics reflector is comprised of an array of fixed, or independently controllable optical elements, that can alter reflected beam properties such that a virtual object may appear to be nearer to, or further from the viewer. In yet another embodiment, a direct projection, two dimensional array of micro projectors are positioned to deliver a fully immersive image directly into the eye. Binocular embodiments can elicit an accurate vergence-accommodation reflex, produce stabilized images that are closely synchronized with the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and create lifelike binocular disparities that produce a faithful sense of stereopsis, an important factor for the avoidance of virtual reality motion sickness.

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15-05-2014 дата публикации

Electrostatic comb actuator, deformable mirror using the electrostatic comb actuator, adaptive optics system using the deformable mirror, and scanning laser ophthalmoscope using the adaptive optics system

Номер: US20140132917A1
Принадлежит: Canon Inc

Provided is an actuator formed in a substrate including a handle layer, an elastic body layer, and an insulating layer, the actuator including a movable portion supported to a support portion by an elastic body, a movable comb electrode formed on the movable portion, a fixed comb electrode supported by the support portion, and electrode wirings connected to the respective comb electrodes in which the elastic body supports the movable portion such that the movable portion is displaceable in a direction perpendicular to the substrate in accordance with voltages applied to the comb electrodes; the comb electrodes are made up of the handle layer, and the elastic body is made up of the elastic body layer; and a handle layer separation groove is provided to electrically separate between the handle layers of the support portions supporting the comb electrodes, and a structure reinforcing portion is formed across the separation groove.

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05-03-2015 дата публикации

Optical scanner and image forming apparatus

Номер: US20150062679A1
Автор: Hiroyuki Tomioka
Принадлежит: Kyocera Document Solutions Inc

The light source body of an optical scanner includes a main frame and a disc portion. The main frame is formed into a cylindrical columnar shape so as to irradiate the light beams from a front end thereof. The disc portion protrudes radially outward from a rear end side of the main frame. A side plate of the housing have a through-hole. The side plate includes a support member installed on the outer surface. The support member has an arc surface formed to extend along a edge portion of the through-hole. A pressing member is configured to press the disc portion of the light source body against the arc surface of the support member in such a state that the front end of the main frame is inserted into the through-hole and that an end surface of the disc portion makes contact with the side plate of the housing.

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05-03-2015 дата публикации

CONTROLLER FOR ACTUATING A MICROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR, ACTUATING SYSTEM FOR ACTUATING A MICROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR, MICRO-MIRROR SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACTUATING A MICROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR

Номер: US20150062684A1
Принадлежит: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH

A controller for actuating a micromechanical actuator, including a first signal input which is designed to receive a reference signal, a second signal input which is designed to receive a measuring signal which denotes a recorded response by the micromechanical actuator to a control signal, a first controller element which is designed to filter and/or to attenuate predefined frequency modes and/or predefined frequency components in the received reference signal and to output a filtered and/or attenuated reference signal, a second controller element which is designed to modify the received measuring signal in order to minimize the quality of the first mode of the received measuring signal and to output a modified measuring signal, a third controller element which is designed to minimize the deviation between the filtered and/or attenuated reference signal and the received measuring signal and to output a minimized reference signal, a fourth controller element which is designed to modify the bandwidth of the received measuring signal and to subtract it from the minimized reference signal, which makes up the control signal. Furthermore, a corresponding actuating system, a corresponding micro-mirror system and a corresponding method are described. 1. A controller for actuating a micromechanical actuator in a closed loop circuit , comprising:a first signal input designed to receive a reference signal;a second signal input designed to receive a measuring signal which denotes a recorded response by the micromechanical actuator to a measuring signal;a first controller element designed to at least one of filter and attenuate at least one of predefined frequency modes and predefined frequency components in the received reference signal and to output the at least one of the filtered and attenuated reference signal;a second controller element designed to modify the received measuring signal in order to minimize a quality of at least one of a first mode and further modes of the ...

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04-03-2021 дата публикации

MEMS COMPRISING A MOVABLE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT, AND MEMS ARRAY

Номер: US20210061642A1
Принадлежит:

A MEMS includes a substrate with a substrate extension that rises above a substrate plane. The MEMS includes a movable structural element, a first spring element that mechanically connects the movable structural element to the substrate extension, and a second spring element that mechanically connects the movable structural element to the substrate extension. The first spring element and the second spring element form a parallelogram guide of the movable structural element in relation to the substrate extension. 1. MEMS comprising:a substrate extending within a substrate plane and comprising a substrate extension that rises above the substrate plane;a movable structural element;a first spring element mechanically connecting the movable structural element to the substrate extension; anda second spring element mechanically connecting the movable structural element to the substrate extension;the first spring element and the second spring element providing a parallelogram guide of the movable structural element in relation to the substrate extension;wherein the movable structural element is asymmetrically suspended on one side by means of the parallelogram guide;wherein the actuator comprises an electrostatic drive;wherein the electrostatic drive comprises at least one substrate electrode and a movable electrode mechanically connected to the movable structural element, wherein an electric voltage applied between the substrate electrode and the movable electrode causes the deflection of the movable structural element; andwherein the movable electrode is disposed between the first spring plane and the second spring plane; or wherein the movable electrode is disposed between the first spring plane and the substrate.2. MEMS as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a centroid of the movable structural element in a plan view is arranged outside a foot surface of the substrate extension; or wherein the substrate extension is a first substrate extension and the MEMS comprises a second ...

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02-03-2017 дата публикации

ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, ELECTRO-OPTICAL UNIT, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

Номер: US20170059853A1
Автор: YAMASAKI Yasuo
Принадлежит: SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION

In an electro-optical device, light is incident on a mirror by penetrating a cover, and the light reflected by the mirror is emitted by penetrating the cover. Here, the cover includes a first light-transmitting plate and a second light-transmitting plate facing the first light-transmitting plate, and a gap which is open toward both sides in a first direction is provided between the first light-transmitting plate and the second light-transmitting plate due to a spacer. 1. An electro-optical device comprising:an element substrate on which a mirror and a drive element which drives the mirror are provided on a first surface side; anda cover which is provided on the first surface side and disposed such that the mirror is located between the element substrate and the cover,wherein the cover includesa first light-transmitting plate having a light-transmitting property,a second light-transmitting plate having a light-transmitting property and disposed such that the first light-transmitting plate is located between the mirror and the second light-transmitting plate, anda spacer which is interposed between the first light-transmitting plate and the second light-transmitting plate and provided with a gap which is open toward both sides in a first direction intersecting a thickness direction in which the first light-transmitting plate and the second light-transmitting plate face each other, between the first light-transmitting plate and the second light-transmitting plate.2. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the spacer is configured integrally with the second light-transmitting plate.3. The electro-optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the spacer includes a first spacer which extends in the first direction claim 1 , and a second spacer which extends in the first direction at a position separated from the first spacer in a second direction intersecting the thickness direction and the first direction with respect to the first spacer claim 1 , ...

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04-03-2021 дата публикации

MEMS DEVICE WITH A THREE-LAYER COMB ACTUATOR STRUCTURE AND A TWO-LAYER HINGE

Номер: US20210063727A1
Принадлежит:

A micro-sized optical device may comprise a mirror suspended on a set of hinges that are mounted to the substrate and that are configured to tilt the mirror about an axis, wherein a hinge of the set of hinges is a two-layer structure with a pivot point that aligns with a mass center of the mirror; and a three-layer comb actuator structure associated with the hinge of the set of hinges, wherein the three-layer comb actuator structure includes a rotor comb actuator, a first stator comb actuator, and a second stator comb actuator. 1. A micro-electro-mechanical (MEMs) device comprising:a substrate;a first layer adjacent to the substrate, a second layer adjacent to the first layer, and a third layer adjacent to the second layer; 'wherein the gimbal forms part of the second layer;', 'a gimbal suspended on a set of first hinges that are mounted to the substrate and that are configured to tilt the gimbal about a first axis,'} 'wherein the first comb actuator structure includes a rotor comb actuator that forms part of the second layer and two stator comb actuators that respectively form part of the first layer and part of the third layer;', 'a first comb actuator structure associated with a first hinge of the set of first hinges,'} wherein the mirror forms part of the third layer,', 'wherein the first axis is different than the second axis,', 'wherein the mirror is attached to the gimbal via the set of second hinges to allow the mirror to tilt about the first axis when the gimbal tilts about the first axis; and, 'a mirror suspended on a set of second hinges that are mounted to the gimbal and that are configured to tilt the mirror about a second axis,'} 'wherein the second comb actuator structure includes an additional rotor comb actuator that forms part of the third layer and two additional stator comb actuators that respectively form part of the first layer and part of the second layer.', 'a second comb actuator structure associated with a second hinge of the set of second ...

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22-05-2014 дата публикации

Self Calibration for mirror positioning in Optical MEMS Interferometers

Номер: US20140139839A1
Принадлежит: SI-WARE SYSTEMS

A Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) interferometer provides for self-calibration of mirror positioning of a moveable mirror. The moveable mirror is coupled to a MEMS actuator having a variable capacitance. The MEMS interferometer includes a capacitive sensing circuit for determining the capacitance of the MEMS actuator at two or more known positions of the moveable mirror and a calibration module for using the actuator capacitances at the known positions to compensate for any drift in the capacitive sensing circuit. 1. A Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) apparatus , comprising:a moveable mirror;a MEMS actuator coupled to the moveable mirror to cause a displacement thereof, the MEMS actuator having a variable capacitance;a memory maintaining a table mapping capacitance of the MEMS actuator to position of the moveable mirror;a capacitive sensing circuit coupled to the MEMS actuator for sensing a current capacitance of the MEMS actuator;a digital signal processor for accessing the table to determine a current position of the moveable mirror based on the current capacitance of the MEMS actuator; anda calibration module for determining respective actual capacitances of the MEMS actuator at two or more known positions of the moveable mirror to determine a correction amount to be applied to the current position of the moveable mirror;wherein the digital signal processor further produces a corrected current position of the moveable mirror using the correction amount.2. The MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a light source for producing an input beam having a known wavelength;the capacitive sensing circuit measures a capacitance variation as the moveable mirror moves through at least two zero crossings of an interference pattern produced as a result of the input beam and movement of the moveable mirror; andthe digital signal processor populates the table based on the capacitance variation and the interference pattern.3. The MEMS apparatus of claim 1 , ...

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08-03-2018 дата публикации

RESONANCE MEMS MIRROR CONTROL SYSTEM

Номер: US20180067303A1
Автор: Sourani Sason
Принадлежит: STMicroelectronics Ltd

The present disclosure provides a system and method for controlling operation of a resonance MEMS mirror. The system and method includes activating either an in-plane or staggered MEMS mirror via sets of activation pulses applied to the MEMS mirror, detecting current at the MEMS mirror, generating a window for detecting a change in a direction of the current at the MEMS mirror, and terminating the window and the activation pulse if a change in the current direction is detected during the window. In some embodiments, two sets of activation pulses are applied to the MEMS mirror. 1. A control circuit for controlling operation of a resonance MEMS mirror , the control circuit comprising:timing circuitry configured to control timing of activation pulses for operating the MEMS mirror;amplifier circuitry configured to receive a first control signal from the timing circuitry and, responsive thereto, to generate a first set of activation pulses for operating the MEMS mirror; anda detection circuit configured to detect current at the MEMS mirror and to generate a reset signal in response to detecting a change in the direction of the current at the MEMS mirror;wherein the timing circuitry is further configured to terminate an activation pulse in response to receiving the reset signal from the detection circuit.2. The control circuit of claim 1 , wherein the MEMS mirror is an in-plane MEMS mirror.3. The control circuit of claim 1 , wherein the MEMS mirror is a staggered MEMS mirror.4. The control circuit of claim 1 , wherein the detection circuit comprises:comparator circuitry configured to detect the direction of the current at the MEMS mirror and to generate a signal to indicate the change in the direction of the current at the MEMS mirror; andlogic circuitry configured to receive the signal from the comparator circuitry and, responsive thereto, to generate the reset signal.5. The control circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first set of activation pulses includes a first primary ...

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11-03-2021 дата публикации

Spatial Light Modulators for Phased-Array Applications

Номер: US20210072532A1
Принадлежит: Silicon Light Machines Inc

A capacitive micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) structure or device and methods of making and operating the same are described. Generally, the MEMS device provides a large stroke while maintaining good damping, enabling fast beam steering and large scan angles. In one embodiment, the capacitive MEMS device includes a bottom electrode formed over a substrate; an electrically permeable damping structure formed over the bottom electrode, the electrically permeable damping structure including a first air-gap and a dielectric layer suspended above and separated from the bottom electrode by the first air-gap; and a plurality of movable members suspended above the damping structure and separated therefrom by a second air-gap, each of the plurality of movable members including a top electrode and being configured to deflect towards the bottom electrode by electrostatic force. Other embodiments are also described.

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07-03-2019 дата публикации

TWO-DIMENSIONAL LIGHT DEFLECTOR

Номер: US20190072758A1
Автор: Murakami Kenji
Принадлежит: OLYMPUS CORPORATION

A two-dimensional light deflector includes first and second deflectors that deflects a light beam, and a fixing member directly fixing both the first and second deflectors. The first deflector includes a light radiating portion, supported oscillatably around a first axis, to radiate the light beam toward the first axis along a first plane perpendicular to the first axis. The second deflector includes an oscillatable reflecting face that reflects the light beam. The reflecting face is inclined by 45 degrees to the first axis and a second axis coincident with a principal ray of the light beam from the radiating portion. The reflecting face is oscillatably supported around a third axis passing through an intersection of the first and second axes and perpendicular to both the first and second axes. 1. A two-dimensional light deflector that deflects a collimated light beam two-dimensionally , comprising:a first deflector that deflects the collimated light beam in a plane;a second deflector that deflects the collimated light beam in another plane; anda fixing member directly fixing both the first deflector and the second deflector,the first deflector comprising a light radiating portion that generates the collimated light beam from light guided by a light guide and radiates it, the light radiating portion being supported oscillatably around a first axis extending outside of the light radiating portion, and radiating the collimated light beam toward the first axis along a first plane perpendicular to the first axis, whereby an oscillation of the light radiating portion causing deflection of the collimated light beam along the first plane,the second deflector including an oscillatable reflecting face that reflects the collimated light beam radiated from the light radiating portion, the reflecting face being inclined by 45 degrees with respect to a plane including the first axis at a time of non-oscillation, and being also inclined by 45 degrees with respect to a plane ...

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24-03-2022 дата публикации

OPTICAL SCANNING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

Номер: US20220091410A1
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

An optical scanning device includes a first structure and a second structure. The first structure includes a support, a driver, a first columnar body, a driving section, and a pair of beams. The support includes a support body and a flat section. The pair of beams connects the driver and the flat section. The driving section includes a coil, a pair of electrode pads, and a magnet. The second structure is provided with a reflector. 1. An optical scanning device comprising:a first structure anda second structure, wherein a support, wherein the support includes a support body and a flat section connected to the support body and extending further outward from an outer periphery of the support body;', 'a beam connected to the flat section;', 'a driver rotatably connected to the flat section with the beam interposed therebetween;', 'a first columnar body connected to the driver and having a height corresponding to a thickness of the support body; and', 'a driving section configured to rotate the driver using the beam as an axis, the second structure includes:', 'a reflector disposed so as to face the support; and', 'a second columnar body connected to the reflector and connected to the first columnar body, and, 'the first structure includesthe beam is disposed in a part, opposite to a side where the second structure is disposed, in the support.215-. (canceled)16. The optical scanning device according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the flat section is smaller than the thickness of the support body.17. The optical scanning device according to claim 1 , wherein the flat section claim 1 , the beam and the driver are formed from the same layer.18. The optical scanning device according to claim 1 , wherein a coil disposed in the driver;', 'an electrode pad electrically connected to the coil; and', 'a magnet having a magnetic line of force in a direction intersecting with a direction of a current flowing through the coil, and, 'the driving section includesthe driver is ...

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26-03-2015 дата публикации

Infrared light director for gesture or scene sensing fsc display

Номер: US20150083917A1
Принадлежит: Qualcomm Inc

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for touch and gesture recognition, using a field sequential color display. The display includes a processor, a lighting system, and an arrangement for spatial light modulation that includes a number of apertures, and devices for opening and shutting the apertures. A light directing arrangement includes at least one light turning feature. The display lighting system is configured to emit visible light and infrared (IR) light through at least a first opened one of the plurality of apertures. The light turning feature is configured to redirect IR light emitted through the opened aperture into at least one lobe, and to pass visible light emitted by the display lighting system through the opened aperture with substantially no redirection.

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24-03-2016 дата публикации

HIGH POWER HANDLING OPTICAL SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR

Номер: US20160085067A1
Принадлежит:

Laser-based material processing systems including a Micro-Electromechanical System devices (MEMs) based reflective, optical modulator with dielectric mirrors for high power handling and methods of manufacturing and using the same are described. Generally, the system includes a workpiece support, a laser, a workpiece support, a laser, a MEMs based reflective, optical modulator to modulate a beam generated by the laser; and imaging optics to direct modulated light from the optical modulator onto a workpiece on the workpiece support. The optical modulator includes a number of surfaces with dielectric mirrors formed thereon to modulate the beam generated by the laser. Other embodiments are also described. 1. A laser processing system comprising:a workpiece support;a laser;a MEMs based reflective, optical modulator to modulate a beam generated by the laser; andimaging optics to direct modulated light from the optical modulator onto a workpiece on the workpiece support,wherein the optical modulator comprises a number of surfaces with dielectric mirrors formed thereon to modulate the beam generated by the laser.2. The system of wherein the dielectric mirrors comprise Bragg mirrors including a stack of layers having different optical characteristics.3. The system of wherein the optical modulator is a ribbon-type optical modulator comprising a plurality of ribbons including electrostatically deflectable ribbons supported above a substrate claim 2 , each of the on ribbons having a dielectric mirror formed thereon to form a dynamically adjustable diffraction grating.4. The system of wherein the optical modulator is a planar light valve (PLV™) comprising a 2-dimensional claim 2 , close-packed array of diffractors each comprising a portion of a static face plate and a movable actuator claim 2 , the static face plate and each of the movable actuators include a dielectric mirror formed thereon.5. The system of wherein the dielectric mirrors are mechanically isolated from the ...

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31-03-2022 дата публикации

System and method of continuous, vibration-less, and bi-directional MEMS mirror motion via periodic driving force for rapid data acquisition

Номер: US20220098028A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a MEMS device and related methods comprising a mirror for the measuring of light frequency. The MEMS mirror may rotate around a pivot point and is driven by a periodic force for continuous bi-directional motion without transient vibrations. The periodic force may further comprise transient functions comprising special waveforms when at the turn-around point of the bi-directional rotation. 1. A system for driving and measuring light frequency from a MEMS mirror; the system comprising:a MEMS mirror comprising a reflective surface pivotable around an axis;a driving mean adapted to cause the MEMS mirror to pivot;light reflected on the reflective surface of the MEMS mirror; anda detector for detecting the light reflected on the MEMS mirror;wherein the driving mean pivots the MEMS mirror as a function of a received driving voltage.2. The system of claim 1 , the driving mean comprising two plates having electrodes claim 1 , wherein the plates are connected to the MEMS mirror via hinges.3. The system of claim 1 , the driving voltage having a periodic component.4. The system of claim 3 , the periodic component being sinusoidal.5. The system of claim 3 , the periodic component being a superposition of sinusoidal curves at different frequencies.6. A method to measure light reflected from a moving MEMS mirror claim 3 , the method comprising the steps of:reflecting light on a reflective surface of the MEMS mirror;applying a periodic force to the MEMS mirror;applying dummy operation cycles until transient vibration decays to zero; andmeasuring the frequency of the light with a detector.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the applied periodic force is sinusoidal.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the applied periodic force is a superposition of sinusoids.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the MEMS mirror is moving in a bi-directional motion.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the MEMS mirror is continuously moving in a bi-directional motion.11. The ...

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31-03-2022 дата публикации

ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION FOR TILTING MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MIRROR

Номер: US20220099958A1
Принадлежит:

A micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device may include a mirror structure suspended from a first hinge and a second hinge that are arranged to enable the mirror structure to be tilted about a tilt axis. The mirror structure may include a first actuator and a second actuator located on opposite sides of the tilt axis. The MEMS device may include a fixed electrode coupled to first actuator to cause the mirror structure to tilt about the tilt axis in a first direction based on a fixed voltage applied to the fixed electrode. The MEMS device includes a driving electrode coupled to the second actuator to cause the mirror structure to tilt about the tilt axis in a second direction opposite from the first direction based on a driving voltage applied to the driving electrode. 1. A micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) device , comprising:{'claim-text': 'wherein the mirror structure comprises a first actuator and a second actuator located on opposite sides of the tilt axis;', '#text': 'a mirror structure suspended from a first hinge and a second hinge that are arranged to enable the mirror structure to be tilted about a tilt axis,'}a fixed electrode, coupled to first actuator, to cause the mirror structure to tilt about the tilt axis in a first direction based on a fixed voltage applied to the fixed electrode; anda driving electrode, coupled to the second actuator, to cause the mirror structure to tilt about the tilt axis in a second direction that is opposite from the first direction based on a driving voltage applied to the driving electrode.2. The MEMS device of claim 1 , wherein the fixed voltage applied to the fixed electrode causes the mirror structure to tilt about the tilt axis by a first angle in the first direction.3. The MEMS device of claim 2 , wherein a maximum value of the driving voltage applied to the driving electrode causes the mirror structure to tilt about the tilt axis by a second angle in the second direction such that a sum of the first angle and ...

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12-03-2020 дата публикации

Mirror driving apparatus and method for manufacturing thereof

Номер: US20200081243A1
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Electric Corp

In a mirror driving apparatus, a pair of beam portions includes: a pair of first beams directly adjacent to a reflector to sandwich the reflector between the first beams; and a pair of second beams each coupled to one side of a corresponding one of the first beams, the one side being opposite to the reflector with respect to the corresponding one of the first beams. A plurality of electrodes are spaced from each other on a main surface of each of the first beams, a piezoelectric material being interposed between the main surface and the plurality of electrodes. The first beams are displaceable crosswise to the main surface in respective directions opposite to each other. The pair of second beams is displaceable in a direction connecting the first beams and the second beams, along the main surface of the second beams.

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12-03-2020 дата публикации

MICROMECHANICAL DEVICE WITH VIA STRUT

Номер: US20200081244A1
Принадлежит:

Described examples include a micromechanical device including a substrate and a base formed on a surface of the substrate; and a first layer extending from the base to a plane separated from the base by a via. The first layer forms an outer layer of the via and has a portion lying in the plane and surrounding the via. A first fill is formed in a first portion of the via. A strut is in the via and on the first fill. A second fill is in a second portion of the via on the strut and extends from the strut to the plane. A second layer is over the second fill and at least a portion of the second layer is over the portion of the first layer lying in the plane. 1. A micromechanical device , comprising:a substrate and a base formed on a surface of the substrate;a first layer extending from the base to a plane separated from the base by a via, the first layer forming an outer layer of the via and having a portion lying in the plane and surrounding the via;a first fill in a first portion of the via;a strut in the via on the first fill;a second fill in a second portion of the via, the second portion of the via extending from the strut to the plane the second fill extending from the strut to a height less than 5% of a height of the via above the plane; anda second layer over the second fill, at least a portion of the second layer being over the portion of the first layer lying in the plane.2. The micromechanical device of wherein the first layer is an aluminum alloy.3. The micromechanical device of wherein the strut contacts the outer layer over a circumference of the strut in the via.4. The micromechanical device of wherein the strut is between 1 and 50 nm thick.5. The micromechanical device of wherein the first fill is a polymer.6. The micromechanical device of wherein the first fill and the second fill are formed from a same material.7. The micromechanical device of wherein the strut is an aluminum alloy.8. The micromechanical device of claim 1 , wherein the strut is one ...

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25-03-2021 дата публикации

OPTICAL DATA COMMUNICATION USING MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEM (MEMS) MICRO-MIRROR ARRAYS

Номер: US20210088776A1
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of an optical data communication apparatus using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) micro-mirror arrays is described herein. The apparatus may include a router configured to operate as a relay to exchange optical data signals between optical switches of the apparatus. The optical switches may be configured to switch between reflection directions to reflect the optical signals over different optical connections between the optical switches and different receiving ports of the router. The reflection directions may be switched in accordance with predetermined mappings between the receiving ports of the router and destinations of the optical signals. The router includes a MEMS micro-mirror array configured to reflect received optical signals to the destinations. A processing element of the optical data switching circuitry may generate a plurality of optical data signals and may send the optical data signals to an optical switch of the optical data switching circuitry. 1. Optical data switching circuitry , comprising:a processing element, configured to generate a plurality of optical signals; and reflect the optical signals to a router for relay to different destinations; and', 'switch between reflection locations for reflection of the optical signals over different optical connections for the destinations, the optical connections between the optical switch and different receiving ports of the router,, 'an optical switch comprising a micro-electronic mechanical system (MEMS) micro-mirror array, configured towherein the reflection locations are switched in accordance with a predetermined mapping between the receiving ports and the destinations.2. The optical data switching circuitry according to claim 1 , wherein the reflection locations are switched in accordance with a high-speed switching for which a switching time is 20 micro-seconds or less.3. The optical data switching circuitry according to claim 1 , wherein the optical signals are reflected over ...

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19-06-2014 дата публикации

Digital drive signals for analog MEMS ribbon arrays

Номер: US20140168750A1
Принадлежит: ALCES TECHNOLOGY, INC.

On/off digital drive signals are used to create arbitrary spatial and temporal ribbon movement patterns in MEMS ribbon arrays. 1. A method for driving an array of MEMS ribbons comprising:providing a linear array of MEMS ribbons, each ribbon having a mechanical resonant frequency and characterized by a mechanical low-pass frequency response;creating a square wave voltage signal characterized by a fundamental frequency and odd (first, third, fifth, . . . ) harmonics;applying the square wave voltage signal to a first ribbon of the array;delaying the square wave voltage signal by a phase delay; and, applying the phase-delayed square wave voltage signal to a second ribbon of the array.2. The method of claim 1 , the first and second ribbons executing sinusoidal motion in response to the square wave voltage signal.3. The method of claim 1 , the third harmonic of the square wave voltage signal being attenuated by 10 dB or more with respect to the fundamental frequency by the mechanical low-pass frequency response.4. The method of claim 1 , applying additional phase-delayed copies of the square wave signal to additional ribbons of the array claim 1 , each successive copy phase-delayed by a successively greater amount.5. The method of claim 1 , ribbons of the array executing a traveling wave displacement pattern.6. The method of claim 1 , the delaying implemented with a shift register.7. A method for driving an array of MEMS ribbons comprising:providing a linear array of MEMS ribbons, each ribbon having a mechanical resonant frequency and characterized by a mechanical low-pass frequency response;creating a first driving signal having a characteristic frequency lower than the mechanical resonant frequency;applying the first driving signal to a first Σ-Δ modulator to create a first pulse density modulated voltage signal; and, applying the pulse density modulated voltage signal to a first ribbon of the array.8. The method of further comprising:delaying the pulse density ...

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30-03-2017 дата публикации

ASYMMETRIC MEMS MIRROR ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20170090184A1
Принадлежит:

A mirror assembly includes a frame having a central opening and a mirror plate, which is contained within the central opening of the frame and is shaped to define separate first and second mirrors connected by a bridge extending between the first and second mirrors. A pair of hinges are connected between the frame and the mirror plate at locations on the central axis on opposing sides of the frame so as to enable rotation of the mirror plate about the central axis relative to the frame. 1. A mirror assembly , comprising:a frame having a central opening;a mirror plate, which is contained within the central opening of the frame and is shaped to define separate first and second mirrors connected by a bridge extending between the first and second mirrors; anda pair of hinges, which are connected between the frame and the mirror plate at locations on the central axis on opposing sides of the frame so as to enable rotation of the mirror plate about the central axis relative to the frame.2. The assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second mirrors have respective first and second widths claim 1 , and the bridge has a bridge width claim 1 , all measured in a dimension perpendicular to the central axis claim 1 , such that the bridge width is less than one-fourth the first and second widths.3. The assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the bridge comprises a neck claim 1 , which extends along a central axis of the mirror plate.4. The assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the first mirror has a shape that tapers from a first width to a narrower width in proximity to the neck.5. The assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second mirrors have different claim 1 , respective shapes and sizes.6. The assembly according to claim 5 , wherein the second mirror is larger than the first mirror claim 5 , and wherein the hinges comprise first and second hinges claim 5 , which are respectively connected between the first and second mirrors and the frame claim ...

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31-03-2016 дата публикации

Mirror micromechanical structure and related manufacturing process

Номер: US20160094831A1
Принадлежит: STMICROELECTRONICS SRL

A mirror micromechanical structure has a mobile mass carrying a mirror element. The mass is drivable in rotation for reflecting an incident light beam with a desired angular range. The mobile mass is suspended above a cavity obtained in a supporting body. The cavity is shaped so that the supporting body does not hinder the reflected light beam within the desired angular range. In particular, the cavity extends as far as a first side edge wall of the supporting body of the mirror micromechanical structure. The cavity is open towards, and in communication with, the outside of the mirror micromechanical structure at the first side edge wall.

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09-04-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROSTATIC COMB ACTUATOR, DEFORMABLE MIRROR USING THE ELECTROSTATIC COMB ACTUATOR, ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM USING THE DEFORMABLE MIRROR, AND SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE USING THE ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM

Номер: US20150098062A1
Принадлежит:

Provided is an actuator formed in a substrate including a handle layer, an elastic body layer, and an insulating layer, the actuator including a movable portion supported to a support portion by an elastic body, a movable comb electrode formed on the movable portion, a fixed comb electrode supported by the support portion, and electrode wirings connected to the respective comb electrodes in which the elastic body supports the movable portion such that the movable portion is displaceable in a direction perpendicular to the substrate in accordance with voltages applied to the comb electrodes; the comb electrodes are made up of the handle layer, and the elastic body is made up of the elastic body layer; and a handle layer separation groove is provided to electrically separate between the handle layers of the support portions supporting the comb electrodes, and a structure reinforcing portion is formed across the separation groove. 18-. (canceled)9. An actuator comprising:a support portion;a movable portion;an elastic body supporting the movable portion;a movable comb electrode supported by the movable portion;a fixed comb electrode supported by the support portion; anda first wiring applying potential to the movable comb electrode,wherein the movable portion comprises a handle layer, an elastic body layer, and an insulating layer arranged between the handle layer and the elastic body layer,wherein a first contact hole is formed in the insulating layer of the movable portion, andwherein the first wiring is electrically connected to the movable comb electrode via the first contact hole and the handle layer of the movable portion.10. The actuator according to claim 9 , wherein the elastic body supports the movable portion in such a manner that the movable portion is displaceable in a direction perpendicular to an in-plane of the support portion.11. The actuator according to claim 10 , wherein the movable portion is displaced by the potential applied to the movable comb ...

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07-04-2016 дата публикации

Device and Method for Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System Photonic Switch

Номер: US20160097927A1
Автор: Graves Alan Frank
Принадлежит:

In one embodiment, a method of controlling a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) photonic switch includes applying a voltage to an electrode of an initial mirror of a first mirror array of the MEMS photonic switch and illuminating a control beam. The method also includes reflecting the control beam off the initial mirror to form a control beam spot on a second mirror array of the MEMS photonic switch and detecting an initial location of the control beam spot to produce an initial optical response. Additionally, the method includes adjusting the voltage in accordance with the initial optical response while the control beam spot has a nonzero velocity. 1. A method of controlling a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) photonic switch , the method comprising:applying a voltage to a deflection electrode of an initial mirror of a first mirror array of the MEMS photonic switch;illuminating a control beam;reflecting the control beam off the initial mirror to form a control beam spot on a second mirror array of the MEMS photonic switch;detecting an initial location of the control beam spot to produce an initial optical response; andadjusting the voltage in accordance with the initial optical response while the control beam spot has a nonzero velocity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the voltage comprises modifying a duration over which the voltage is applied.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying an acceleration voltage to an acceleration electrode of the initial mirror; andremoving the acceleration voltage from the acceleration electrode, wherein the voltage is a deceleration voltage, wherein the deflection electrode is a deceleration electrode, and wherein the acceleration voltage offsets the deceleration voltage.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:receiving an input switch connection request indicating a location of the initial mirror and a location of a target mirror on the second mirror array;determining an initial acceleration ...

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01-04-2021 дата публикации

MICRO-OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Номер: US20210096152A1
Принадлежит: KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUR TECHNOLOGIE

The present invention relates to a micro-optomechanical system () and to a method for the production thereof. The micro-optomechanical system () comprises 2. The micro-optomechanical system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the optical subsystem has at least one optical component selected from a group comprising an optical fiber claim 1 , a single-mode fiber claim 1 , a multi-core fiber claim 1 , a fiber array claim 1 , a fiber plug claim 1 , an integrated optical chip claim 1 , a fiber-optical component claim 1 , a micro-optical component claim 1 , an active optical component claim 1 , an optical modulator claim 1 , an optical amplifier claim 1 , an integrated optical chip and an optical signal processing unit.3. The micro-optomechanical system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the change in the mechanical state of the optomechanical structure or the variable related thereto comprises at least one mechanical change in a component of the optomechanical structure claim 1 , wherein the mechanical change comprises a movement selected from a group comprising bending claim 1 , translation claim 1 , oscillation claim 1 , tilting claim 1 , contraction claim 1 , expansion and torsion of the optomechanical structure or of at least one partial region thereof.4. The micro-optomechanical system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the optomechanical structure has a light-sensitive coating configured for exciting or amplifying a conversion of the optical actuator signal into the movement.5. The micro-optomechanical system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the optomechanical structure has at least one second partial region configured for exciting or for amplifying the conversion of the optical actuator signal into the mechanical movement.6. The micro-optomechanical system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the second partial region differs from the rest of the optomechanical structure in terms of one or more of a different coefficient of thermal expansion claim 5 , a different light absorption ...

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05-04-2018 дата публикации

HIGH POWER HANDLING OPTICAL SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR

Номер: US20180095267A1
Принадлежит:

Laser-based material processing systems including a Micro-Electromechanical System devices (MEMs) based reflective, optical modulator with dielectric mirrors for high power handling and methods of manufacturing and using the same are described. Generally, the system includes a workpiece support, a laser, a workpiece support, a laser, a MEMs based reflective, optical modulator to modulate a beam generated by the laser; and imaging optics to direct modulated light from the optical modulator onto a workpiece on the workpiece support. The optical modulator includes a number of surfaces with dielectric mirrors formed thereon to modulate the beam generated by the laser. Other embodiments are also described. 1. A laser processing system comprising:a workpiece support;a laser;a MEMs based reflective, optical modulator to modulate a beam generated by the laser; andimaging optics to direct modulated light from the optical modulator onto a workpiece on the workpiece support,wherein the optical modulator comprises a number of surfaces with Bragg mirrors formed thereon to modulate the beam generated by the laser, the Bragg mirrors comprising a stack of layers including a plurality of first reflective layers comprising a first material interleaved with second reflective layers comprising a second dielectric material having different optical characteristics from the first material, and a light absorbing layer underlying the reflective layers comprising a doped semiconductor material.2. The system of wherein the optical modulator is a ribbon-type optical modulator comprising a plurality of ribbons including electrostatically deflectable ribbons supported above a substrate claim 1 , each of the on ribbons having a Bragg mirror formed thereon to form a dynamically adjustable diffraction grating.3. The system of wherein the optical modulator is a planar light valve (PLV™) comprising a 2-dimensional claim 1 , close-packed array of diffractors each comprising a portion of a static face ...

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07-04-2016 дата публикации

Method for activating a deflection device for a projection device, a deflection device for a projection device, and a projection device

Номер: US20160100139A1

A method for activating a deflection device comprising at least one deflection unit, for a projection device for projecting trajectories upon a projection surface, wherein the deflection device deflects electromagnetic radiation which is directed upon it, for producing trajectories, and the at least one deflection unit is activated by way of an activation signal delivered from a control device, for producing oscillations in each case with a turning amplitude at a direction change of the oscillation, about at least one deflection axis, wherein in the case of resonance, the oscillations have a maximal amplitude, at which the produced trajectories reach an edge of the projection surface. The activation signal is set in a manner such that the turning amplitude of the oscillations at least temporarily has a predefined value outside a region of the maximal amplitude of the oscillations, and an intensity distribution of the produced trajectories on the projection surface is achieved with a predefined intensity pattern. The document moreover relates to a deflection device as well as to a projection device.

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12-05-2022 дата публикации

APERIODIC MIRROR ARRAY FOR SUPPRESSED SIDE LOBE INTENSITY

Номер: US20220146637A1
Автор: Lu Yue, Wang Youmin
Принадлежит:

A micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) micro-mirror arrays with an aperiodic structure is described. This avoids the undesired noise of sidelobes generated by the gaps between rows of mirrors, where a periodic structure forms a diffraction pattern. A MEMS apparatus has a MEMS mirror array structure with a plurality of rows. The widths of the rows are sized to be different, so that the pattern of gaps between rows is aperiodic. This has the effect of spreading diffraction nodes beyond the 0 order, thus limiting the interference of diffracted nodes and improving the signal to noise ratio. In particular, the width of a mirror will vary in different rows, while all of the mirrors in a particular row will have the same width and same size. 1. A micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) apparatus for beam steering in a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system of an autonomous vehicle , the apparatus comprising:a laser for emitting a laser beam;an array of MEMS mirrors each having a reflective surface for intercepting the laser beam and redirecting it toward an environment to be detected, the array having a plurality of rows of mirrors with multiple mirrors in each row;each mirror in a row of mirrors being the same size, wherein all of the mirrors have the same length;multiple rows having mirrors with a different width than adjacent rows, wherein the width of the mirrors varies by row by up to 50%, with all of the mirrors in each row having the same width, such that a pattern of gaps between rows is an aperiodic pattern;at least one detector for detecting at least one reflected beam of the laser beam; anda controller configured to control the laser and the angles of the mirrors in the array of MEMS mirrors to scan an environment;wherein the width of the array of MEMS mirrors ranges from 10-20 mm;wherein 5-10 rows of mirrors are provided, with mirror widths that are between 1-3 mm.2. The apparatus of wherein the mirror widths range from 1.5-2.5 mm.3. The apparatus of wherein ...

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14-04-2016 дата публикации

Three-dimensional circuit using bicontinuous structures

Номер: US20160103383A1
Принадлежит: Individual

A three-dimensional circuit includes a hyperbolic bicontinuous structure forming a substrate; circuits formed on a first surface of the hyperbolic bicontinuous structure; and electrically conductive traces formed between the circuits. The electrically conductive traces are formed two-dimensionally on the first surface of the hyperbolic bicontinuous structure. The electrically conductive traces are effectively three-dimensional traces between the circuits.

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26-03-2020 дата публикации

COMMUNICATION APPARATUS, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, DATA COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND PROGRAM

Номер: US20200096760A1
Автор: NARITA GAKU
Принадлежит:

A communication configuration capable of acquiring communication data within an image without need of a high precision synchronization process is realized. A transmission apparatus has a projector outputting an image, and an output image generation section generating the image output from the projector. The output image generation section generates a communication data image that records communication data, and the projector outputs a viewing image and the communication data image by setting an output time period of the communication data image to be longer than an output time period of each of sub-frame images that configure the viewing image. A receiving apparatus detects an event which is a luminance change equal to or greater than a prescribed threshold, receives input event information including a pixel position and occurrence time of an event occurrence pixel, detects a communication data image contained in the projected image on the basis of an event occurrence interval, and acquires communication data from the communication data image. 1. A transmission apparatus comprising:a projector outputting an image; andan output image generation section generating the image output from the projector, whereinthe output image generation section generates a communication data image that records communication data,the projector performs an output process for outputting a viewing image and the communication data image generated by the output image generation section, andthe projector outputs the viewing image and the communication data image by setting an output time period of the communication data image to be longer than an output time period of each of sub-frame images that configure the viewing image.2. The transmission apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe projector includes a projector to which a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) is applied, andthe projector outputs the viewing image by switching over between a plurality of sub-frames each including a binary ...

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13-04-2017 дата публикации

ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

Номер: US20170102516A1
Автор: KONDO Manabu
Принадлежит: SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION

An electro-optical apparatus has an element substrate that is provided with a mirror and a sealing member which seals the mirror, and the sealing member includes a light-transmitting cover which faces the mirror opposite from the element substrate. An infrared cut filter is laminated on the light-transmitting cover. 1. A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device , comprising:preparing a first wafer that is provided with a mirror, a driving element that drives the mirror, and a terminal;forming a translucent second wafer having a bottom section with a concave section provided thereon, the second wafer having an infrared cut filter that overlaps with the concave section;adhering a face of the first wafer on a side on which the mirror is provided to a face of the second wafer on which the concave section is provided such that the mirror and the concave section overlap in planar view; andsplitting the first wafer and the second wafer.2. The method of manufacturing an electro-optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the forming of the second wafer includes:forming the infrared cut filter on a light-transmitting wafer;forming of a through hole in a spacer wafer; andobtaining the second wafer by adhering the light-transmitting wafer with the spacer wafer so as to overlap each other. This Application is a Division from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/017,964, filed Feb. 8, 2016, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-063930, filed Mar. 26, 2015. The entire disclosures of both applications are expressly incorporated by reference herein.1. Technical FieldThe present invention relates to an electro-optical device which is provided with a mirror, a manufacturing method of the electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus.2. Related ArtAs an electronic apparatus, for example, a projection-type display apparatus or the like is known which displays an image on a screen by enlarging and projecting modulated light using a projection ...

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26-03-2020 дата публикации

IMAGING DEVICE AND IMAGING APPARATUS

Номер: US20200098961A1
Принадлежит: NIKON CORPORATION

An imaging device having a multiband is provided. The imaging device includes a first photoelectric conversion element; a second photoelectric conversion element; a fixed mirror and a first moving mirror provided in correspondence to the first photoelectric conversion element and having reflective surfaces respectively facing each other with a first interval; a fixed mirror and a second moving mirror provided in correspondence to the second photoelectric conversion element and having reflective surfaces respectively facing each other with a second interval, the second moving mirror being coupled to the first moving mirror; and a driving member configured to move the first moving mirror and the second moving mirror relative to the fixed mirror. 1. An imaging device comprising:a first photoelectric conversion element;a second photoelectric conversion element adjacent to the first photoelectric conversion element;a fixed mirror and a first moving mirror provided in correspondence to the first photoelectric conversion element and having reflective surfaces respectively facing each other with a first interval;the fixed mirror and a second moving mirror provided in correspondence to the second photoelectric conversion element and having reflective surfaces respectively facing each other with a second interval; anda driving member configured to move the first moving mirror and the second moving mirror relative to the fixed mirror, whereinthe driving member is configured to move the first moving mirror and second moving mirror and the fixed mirror relative to each other so that the first interval after relative movement of the first moving mirror and second moving mirror and the fixed mirror is to be an interval different from the second interval before the movement.2. The imaging device according to claim 1 , whereinthe driving member is configured to locate the first moving mirror and the second moving mirror to positions of a second step, depending on whether a driving ...

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19-04-2018 дата публикации

MICROELECTROMECHANICAL MIRROR ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20180107121A1
Принадлежит:

An optical element assembly includes a base, and an element unit. The element unit includes (i) an optical element having an element central axis and an element perimeter; and (ii) an element connector assembly that couples the optical element to the base, the element connector assembly including a flexure assembly having an element flexure and a base flexure. A distal end of the element flexure is coupled to the optical element near the element perimeter, a distal end of the base flexure is coupled to the base, and a proximal end of the element flexure is coupled to a proximal end of the base flexure near the element central axis. 117-. (canceled)18. An optical element assembly for adjusting the characteristics of a beam , the optical element assembly comprising:a base;an optical element which the beam is incident thereon, the optical element including an element central axis;a mover which moves the optical element in a move direction which crosses to a surface of the base;a first flexure which is arranged between the optical element and the base, the first flexure extending in a first direction which crosses to the move direction, the first flexure having a first end which is connected to the optical element at a first position which is away from the element central axis of the optical element, and a second end which is located at a second position that is nearer to the element central axis of the optical element than the first position; anda second flexure which is arranged between the optical element and the base, the second flexure extending in a second direction which crosses to the move direction, the second flexure having a third end which is connected to the optical element at a third position which is away from the element central axis of the optical element, and a fourth end which is located at a fourth position that is nearer to the element central axis of the optical element than the third position;wherein the first end and the second end of the first ...

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30-04-2015 дата публикации

Spatial light modulator and exposure apparatus

Номер: US20150116684A1
Принадлежит: Nikon Corp

The spatial light modulator is provided with: a substrate; a fixed electrode disposed on a surface of the substrate; a connecting section, which has one end of the connecting section connected to the surface of the substrate; a movable section, which is connected to another end of the connecting section; a supporting post section, which extends in the thickness direction of the substrate with one end of the supporting post section connected to the movable section; a reflecting member, which is connected to another end of the supporting post section; a movable electrode, which is disposed on a surface of the reflecting member, the surface of the reflecting member facing the fixed electrode; and a conductive layer, which is disposed on the supporting post section with a film thickness larger than that of the movable electrode, and which electrically connects between the movable section and the movable electrode.

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02-04-2020 дата публикации

TECHNIQUES FOR SUPPRESSING MULTIPLE RESONANCE MODES IN A QUASI-STATICALLY OPERATED MOVABLE MIRROR

Номер: US20200103645A1
Автор: RESLER Avi
Принадлежит: STMicroelectronics Ltd

A controller chip includes processing circuitry configured to process received samples by estimating trend functions from the samples, subtracting the trend functions from the samples to produce de-trended samples, performing a mathematical transform on the de-trended samples to produce frequency bins. The frequency bins may correspond to unwanted resonance movement of a movable mirror associated with the received samples. The processing circuit further generates an error function from the frequency bins. The error function can be used to generate correction signals for the movable mirror that serve to minimize the error function. 1. An electronic device , comprising: receive a feedback signal from a movable mirror driven by a drive signal;', 'sample the feedback signal while the movable mirror moves to produce first and second sets of samples of the feedback signal;', 'process the first set of samples to produce a first ripple measurement;', 'process the second set of samples to produce a second ripple measurement;', 'generate first and second correction signals as a function of the first and second ripple measurements; and', 'apply the first and second correction signals to correcting the drive signal so that unwanted resonance movement of the movable mirror is attenuated., 'a controller configured to2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to process the first and second sets of samples to produce the first and second ripple measurements by:estimating a first trend function from the first set of samples, and estimating a second trend function from the second set of samples;produce first de-trended samples based upon the first set of samples and the first trend function; andproduce second de-trended samples based upon the second set of samples and the second trend function.3. The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to process the first and second sets of samples to produce the ripple ...

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09-06-2022 дата публикации

HIGH CONTRAST GRATING FOR HIGHLY REFLECTIVE MEMS SURFACE FOR LIDAR

Номер: US20220179046A1
Автор: Lu Yue, Wang Youmin
Принадлежит:

A grating for a steering mirror of a LiDAR system is made without a metal coating. The grating comprising a plurality of ridges defined by a period. The period has a width that is equal to or less than a wavelength of a laser of the LiDAR system. The ridges can be made of crystalline silicon to form a high-contrast grating. 1. A system for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) in an autonomous vehicle , the system comprising:a laser, wherein the laser emits an optical beam defined by a center wavelength; the plurality of ridges have walls defining a plurality of trenches between the plurality of ridges;', 'the plurality of ridges are defined by a period such that a width of one ridge plus a width of one trench is equal to a width of the period;', 'the width of the period is less than the center wavelength; and', 'the grating is configured to reflect the optical beam; and, 'a grating comprising a plurality of ridges, whereina detector configured to detect light from the optical beam after light from the optical beam is reflected from an object.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of ridges are not covered by a metal.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more processors configured to calculate a distance of the object from the system based on a time-of-flight of a pulse of light from the laser to the detector.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of ridges are made of crystalline silicon.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of trenches are unfilled claim 1 , such that air separates the plurality of ridges.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein:the plurality of ridges are defined by a first refractive index;the plurality of trenches are defined by a second refractive index; andthe first refractive index minus the second refractive index is equal to or greater than 2.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical beam has an intensity claim 1 , per pulse claim 1 , equal to or greater than 2.4 Joules per square centimeter.8. ...

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09-06-2022 дата публикации

MEMS BASED LIGHT DEFLECTING DEVICE AND METHOD

Номер: US20220179195A1
Принадлежит:

Some embodiments are directed to a system comprising a MEMS based actuator unit and a control electric circuit. The actuator unit comprising one or more MEMS actuators, each comprising a stator and a rotor and configured to define a payload position in response to electric potential between said stator and rotor. The electric circuit comprising one or more amplifiers configured to provide electric control signal to the one or more MEMS actuators to selectively vary position of said payload. The electric circuit comprises a sensing circuit configured for providing an alternating carrier signal and for monitoring said carrier signal to generate data on impedance of said one or more MEMS actuators indicative of position of the rotor with respect to the stator of said one or more MEMS actuators. 1. A system comprising: MEMS based actuator unit comprising one or more MEMS actuators each comprising a stator and a rotor and configured to define payload position in response to electric potential between said stator and rotor , and an electric circuit comprising one or more amplifiers configured to provide electric control signal to said one or more MEMS actuators for selectively varying position of said payload; said electric circuit comprises a sensing circuit configured for providing alternating carrier signal and for monitoring said carrier signal to generate data on impedance of said one or more MEMS actuators indicative of position of rotor with respect to stator of said one or more MEMS actuators.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said electric circuit further comprises a driver unit configured to provide at least one control signal to said one or more MEMS actuators for selectively varying position of said one or more MEMS actuators.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein said alternating carrier signal is alternating at selected frequency being higher than maximal bandwidth frequency of the control signal.4. The system of claim 2 , having at least one of the following ...

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17-07-2014 дата публикации

ELECTRONIC DEVICE HAVING A PROJECTOR FUNCTION AND A VIBRATING MIRROR ELEMENT

Номер: US20140198095A1
Автор: MURAYAMA Manabu
Принадлежит: FUNAI ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

A vibrating mirror element includes a mirror portion that reflects light and is tiltable around a rotational axis, a tiltable frame portion connected to a mirror end portion of the mirror portion at a position on an intersecting line that intersects with the rotational axis, a driving portion that includes a piezoelectric element that deforms through application of a voltage, and a connecting portion that connects the frame portion and the driving portion and is tiltable through deformation of the piezoelectric element of the driving portion. The frame portion can be tilted by tilting the connecting portion, and the mirror portion can be tilted by tilting the frame portion. 1. A vibrating mirror element comprising:a mirror portion that reflects light and is tiltable around a rotational axis;a tiltable frame portion connected to a mirror end portion of the mirror portion at a position on an intersecting line that intersects with the rotational axis;a driving portion that includes a piezoelectric element that deforms through application of a voltage; anda connecting portion that connects the frame portion and the driving portion and is tiltable through deformation of the piezoelectric element of the driving portion, wherein:the frame portion can be tilted by tilting the connecting portion, and the mirror portion can be tilted by tiltable by tilting the frame portion.2. The vibrating mirror element as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the frame portion is connected to the mirror end portion at a location near a vertical centerline that intersects perpendicularly with the rotational axis of the mirror portion.3. The vibrating mirror element as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the connecting portion is connected to the frame near the rotational axis.4. The vibrating mirror element as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the frame portion is formed so as to surround a periphery of the mirror portion.5. The vibrating mirror element as set forth in claim 4 , wherein:the mirror portion ...

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13-05-2021 дата публикации

MICROELECTROMECHICAL SYSTEM (MEMS) STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF FORMATION

Номер: US20210141215A1
Автор: Martinez Jose A.
Принадлежит:

A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure includes at least first and second metal vias. Each of the first and second metal vias includes a respective planar metal layer having a first thickness and a respective post formed from the planar metal layer. The post has a sidewall, and the sidewall has a second thickness greater than 14% of the first thickness. 1. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure , comprising:a substrate;a spacer layer on the substrate;a via in the spacer layer, the via having via sidewalls and a via bottom;a first metal layer on the via sidewalls and the via bottom; anda second metal layer on the spacer layer and on the first metal layer.2. The MEMS structure of claim 1 , wherein the via is a first via claim 1 , the via sidewalls are first via sidewalls claim 1 , the via bottom is a first via bottom claim 1 , the MEMS structure further comprising:a second via in the spacer layer; anda third metal layer on the second via sidewalls and the second via bottom, wherein the second metal layer is further on the third metal layer.3. The MEMS structure of claim 1 , the second metal layer having a first thickness on the spacer layer claim 1 , and the first and second metal layers having a second thickness on the via sidewalls claim 1 , wherein the second thickness greater than 14% of the first thickness.4. The MEMS structure of claim 3 , wherein the second thickness is greater than 20% of the first thickness.5. The MEMS structure of claim 4 , wherein the second thickness is greater than 28% of the first thickness.6. The MEMS structure of claim 1 , wherein the second metal layer is deposited on the spacer layer.7. The MEMS structure of claim 6 , wherein the second metal layer is formed by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.8. The MEMS structure of claim 1 , wherein the spacer layer comprises a photoresist claim 1 , spin on glass (SOG) claim 1 , silicon dioxide claim 1 , or silicon nitride.9. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) ...

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