СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЗАГОТОВКИ, ЗАГОТОВКА, ОПТИЧЕСКОЕ ВОЛОКНО И УСИЛИТЕЛЬ

Изобретение относится к способу изготовления первичной, вторичной или более высокого порядка заготовки, которую можно использовать для вытягивания активного оптического волокна. Техническим результатом изобретения является улучшение однородности показателя преломления волокна. Способ изготовления заготовки, которую можно использовать для изготовления активного оптического волокна, которое содержит, по меньшей мере, одну сердцевину, соответствующую указанной заготовке, содержащий этапы, на которых: подготавливают в начальной технологической стадии кварцевую трубку и смесь SiO2-A/A, включающую частицы SiO2 и частицы А/А (усиления/ослабления); закрепляют кварцевую трубку, которая содержит внутреннее пространство, которое ограничено на нижнем конце кварцевой трубки замыкающим средством, выполненным из пористого материала, такого как пористое стекло; засыпают смесь SiO2-A/A во внутреннее пространство кварцевой трубки; вводят поток газа, такого как кислород O2, гелий He, хлор Cl2 или фтор F через ...

Волоконный световод из сульфидно-мышьяковых стекол

Изобретение относится к области оптического материаловедения и может быть использовано для создания специальных оптических приборов и функциональных элементов ИК-фотоники - устройств для передачи ИК-излучения для микрохирургии глаза, бесконтактных волоконных пирометров для контроля температуры тела при лечении онкологических заболеваний, волоконных разветвителей для среднего ИК-диапазона, волоконных лазеров, волоконно-оптических микрорезонаторов и многих других. Волоконные ИК-световоды на основе высокочистых сульфидно-мышьяковых стекол могут быть использованы для контроля температуры генераторов в условиях сильных магнитных полей, ионизирующей радиации, для передачи тепловой энергии через жгуты из ИК-световодов. В волоконном световоде из сульфидно-мышьяковых стекол, состоящем из сердцевины и оболочки, сердцевина выполнена из стекла состава от 40 до 42 ат.% мышьяка и от 58 до 60 ат.% серы, а отражающая оболочка выполнена из стекла состава от 38 до 42 ат.% мышьяка и от 58 до 62 ат.% серы.

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ СВЕТОВОДА

Для изготовления элементов на поверхности подложки формируют посредством фотолитографии образцы элементов световода. Образцы элементов световода формируют с наклоном под определенным углом по отношению к вертикальным и горизонтальным линиям разреза, которые расположены на подложке. Подложку разрезают вдоль по горизонтальным и вертикальным линиям разреза для формирования множества элементов световода. Угол наклона позволяет снизить обратные потери в случае, когда элементы световода соединяют с оптическими волокнами. 6 з.п.ф-лы, 5 ил.

Концевой оптоволоконный извещатель

Техническое решение относится к оптоволоконной технике, а именно к концевым оптоволоконным извещателям. Концевой оптоволоконный извещатель (КОИ) содержит корпус с рабочим органом, обеспечивающим изменение положения оптических волокон чувствительной части КОИ, чувствительную часть, которая установлена в корпусе КОИ и соединена с транспортной частью, обеспечивающей подключение КОИ к разветвленной оптической сети и транспортировку лазерных импульсов в прямом и обратном направлении. Чувствительная часть выполнена из оптических волокон и сплиттера, выходы которого замкнуты между собой оптическим волокном и образуют замкнутую петлю, для формирования сигнала отражения, изменение геометрического положения волокон в чувствительной части КОИ в упругом диапазоне деформаций, вследствие изменения положения рабочего органа таковы, что приводят к изменению возможности формирования и прохождения сигналов отражения. Технический результат заключается в обеспечении возможности гарантированного получения четких ...

СПОСОБ ОЦЕНКИ КОЛИЧЕСТВА ГИДРОКСИЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП НА ВНУТРЕННЕЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ФОТОННО-КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО ВОЛНОВОДА

Изобретение относится к нанотехнологиям и может быть использовано для оценки количества гидроксильных групп на внутренней поверхности стеклянных фотонно-кристаллических волноводов с полой сердцевиной (ФКВ с ПС), в том числе с селективно запаянными внешними оболочками, используемых для изготовления конструктивных элементов сенсоров, при химической модификации их внутренней поверхности. Способ оценки количества поверхностных гидроксильных групп на внутренней поверхности стеклянных ФКВ с ПС основан на измерении положения локальных максимумов спектра пропускания образца ФКВ с ПС, последующей химической модификации внутренней поверхности образца до полного насыщения внутренней поверхности поверхностными гидроксильными группами. Затем осуществляют измерение новых положений локальных максимумов спектра пропускания модифицированного образца и построение линейной зависимости положения локального максимума от количества поверхностных гидроксильных групп для локального максимума, изменившего свое ...

УПЛОТНИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕЧИ ВЫТЯГИВАНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ВОЛОКНА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ВОЛОКНА

Изобретения относятся к уплотнительному устройству для печи вытягивания оптического волокна, позволяющее легко устанавливать в печи вытягивания стеклянную преформу оптического волокна, оснащенную колпачковым элементом, и способу получения оптического волокна. Технический результат - закупоривание зазора между верхним концевым отверстием печи вытягивания оптического волокна и стеклянной преформы оптического волокна, в которой затравочный стержень и суживающаяся часть присутствуют в ее верхней части. Изобретение содержит первый колпачковый элемент, который сцеплен с затравочным стержнем стеклянной преформы; второй колпачковый элемент, который покрывает суживающуюся часть стеклянной преформы и первый колпачковый элемент; разделительный элемент, который расположен между первым колпачковым элементом и вторым колпачковым элементом, поддерживая второй колпачковый элемент, и который регулирует посредством устройства регулирования положения положение второго колпачкового элемента по высоте в осевом ...

Светорассеивающие устройства для использования в фотоиммунотерапии

Изобретение относится к области медицины. Техническим результатом является повышение однородности оптимального профиля эмиссии, а также повышение надежности светорассеивающего устройства. Результат достигается тем, что цилиндрическое светорассеивающее устройство (300) состоит из некруглой сердцевины волокна (302), включающее (i) сердцевину волокна (350), которая обеспечивает «top hat» распределение излучения внутри сердцевины волокна; (ii) средство светоизоляции (314), которое предотвращает излучение фронтального света дистальным концом некруглой сердцевины волокна (302); и (iii) участок рассеивания света (308), имеющий рассеивающий проксимальный конец (310), рассеивающий дистальный конец (312), и внутренние рассеивающие элементы (362), распределенные внутри сердцевины волокна (350) светорассеивающего участка (308) вдоль центральной оси (364) сердцевины волокна (350), в котором взаимодействия между некруглой сердцевиной волокна, средство светоизоляции и внутренними рассеивающими элементами ...

ОДНОМОДОВОЕ ОПТИЧЕСКОЕ ВОЛОКНО

Изобретение используется в волоконно-оптических линиях связи. Одномодовое оптическое волокно состоит из сердцевины и оболочки. Радиус сердцевины и диаметр оболочки выбирают из определенных условий. Коэффициент преломления волокна характеризуется ступенчатым, трапецеидальным или треугольным профилем. Обеспечено уменьшение размеров волокон для повышения пропускной способности волоконно-оптических кабелей, снижена стоимость изготовления. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

Терагерцовая кристаллическая керамика системы TlBr0,46I0,54 -AgI

Изобретение относится к новой терагерцовой (ТГц) элементной базе для диапазона 0,1-10,0 ТГц на основе оптических галогенидных кристаллических материалов, которая может быть использована для изготовления методом экструзии нового класса гибких нанокристаллических световодов, устойчивых к УФ и радиационному излучениям и предназначенных в качестве канала передачи не только терагерцового излучения, но и инфракрасного, а также для получения методом горячего прессования оптических изделий - окон, линз, призм, пленок, предназначенных, наряду со световодами, для применения в ТГц оптике и фотонике, лазерной и ИК технике, в космических и ядерных технологиях. Согласно изобретению предложена терагерцовая кристаллическая керамика системы TlBr0,46I0,54 - AgI, включающая твердый раствор бромида-йодида одновалентного таллия состава TlBr0,46I0,54 и галогенид серебра, отличающаяся тем, что терагерцовая кристаллическая керамика выполнена на основе твердого раствора TlBr0,46I0,54 и содержит йодид серебра (AgI ...

Способ получения галогенидсеребряных световодов на основе нанокерамики системы AgCl0,25Br0,75- AgI

Изобретение относится к материалам для инфракрасной (ИК) волоконной оптики, а именно к галогенидсеребряным световодам. Способ получения галогенидсеребряных световодов на основе нанокерамики системы AgCl0,25Br0,75 - AgI включает компьютерное моделирование по методу конечных элементов для определения параметров экструзии - температуры, давления плунжера на галогенидсеребряную заготовку и скорости перемещения заготовки через фильеру при получении световодов, при этом нанокерамическую заготовку диаметром 8,0 мм, высотой 16,0 мм на основе двух твердых растворов гексагональной фазы структурного типа вюрцит, P63mc, и кубической фазы структурного типа NaCl, Fm3m, состава AgCl0,25Br0,75, дополнительно содержащей йодид серебра при определенном соотношении ингредиентов, нагревают до 170°С, выдерживают в течение 60 минут для прогрева заготовки и при давлении плунжера в 1200 МПа и его вибрации на заготовку частотой 50 Гц, амплитудой 50 мкм, что обеспечивает ее перемещение со скоростью 0,6 мм/мин для ...

Кварцевое оптическое волокно с оловянным покрытием

Изобретение относится к волоконной оптике. Волокно включает сердцевину и светоотражающую оболочку из кварцевого стекла с нанесенным на нее оловянным покрытием. Оловянное покрытие модифицировано висмутом в пропорции BiSn, где х=99,5±0,05 масс. %. Толщина стабилизированного оловянного покрытия предпочтительна от 20 до 60 мкм для оптического волокна диаметром от 125 до 480 мкм и от 40 до 80 мкм для оптического волокна диаметром от 500 до 1200 мкм. Технический результат – получение оптического волокна с прочным гладким без крупных дефектов оловянным покрытием, способного к долговременной эксплуатации в различных температурных условиях в широком диапазоне от -50 до +200°С. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 3 пр.

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ДВУЛУЧЕПРЕЛОМЛЯЮЩЕГО МИКРОСТРУКТУРНОГО ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ВОЛОКНА

Способ изготовления двулучепреломляещего микроструктурного оптического волокна, включающий, изготовление исходного стержня-заготовки, получение на всей длине стержня-заготовки четного количества пазов, промывку и сушку стержня-заготовки, сборку стержня-заготовки с кварцевой трубой, сплавление их в преформу и перетягивание преформы в оптическое волокно с нанесением защитного упрочняющего покрытия, отличающийся тем, что на всей длине стержня-заготовки получают не менее 4-х пазов попарно симметричных относительно плоскости, проходящей через продольную ось вращения стержня-заготовки, причем форма и размеры каждой пары симметрично расположенных пазов одинаковы, сплавляют стержнь-заготовку и кварцевую трубу в нерабочей области и перетягивают их в предзаготовку, разрезают предзаготовку на отрезки, растравливают внутренние каналы в отрезке предзаготовки, промывают и сушат внутренние и наружные поверхности отрезка предзаготовки, заваривают отрезок предзаготовки с обоих торцов, собирают отрезок предзаготовки ...

Светорассеивающие устройства для использования в фотоиммунотерапии

ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ ВОЛОКНА НА ОСНОВЕ КОЛЬЦЕВОГО ФОТОННОГО КРИСТАЛЛА

... 1. Оптико-волоконный волновод, содержащий область сердцевины, область оболочки, окружающую область сердцевины, причем область оболочки содержит внутреннюю область оболочки и внешнюю область оболочки, и внутренняя область оболочки выполнена из твердого материала, имеющего внутри себя решетку из сплошных кольцевых структур, так что область сердцевины играет роль дефекта решетки из кольцевых структур, позволяющего передавать свет в оптико-волоконном волноводе, причем каждая сплошная кольцевая структура образована сплошным кольцом, окружающим индивидуальную сердцевину, где сплошное кольцо выполнено из твердого материала, показатель преломления которого отличается от показателя преломления твердого материала, образующего оставшуюся часть внутренней области оболочки, и где индивидуальная сердцевина выполнена из материала, показатель преломления которого ниже показателя преломления твердого материала, образующего сплошное кольцо. 2. Волновод по п.1, отличающийся тем, что область сердцевины выполнена ...

Spezieller Polarisationsseparator

Optische Faser

Medical laser probe for hard tissue treatment

Laser probe, detachably fitted at the front end of a handle for treating hard organic tissue, consists of an optical fibre (9) with a core (25) and a cladding (27) and has a refractive index distribution in which the refractive index at the centre of the core is lower than that in the surrounding core region, the probe being used with laser light of wavelength 1.0-5.5 microns, output energy 1-2500 mJ, pulse width 1-9 msec. and pulse cycle 1-200 pulses per sec. The core (25) consists of SiO2 with a lower GeO2 concentration in its peripheral region than that in its central region; a fluorine-containing SiO2 interlayer (26) is provided between the core (25) and cladding (27); and the cladding (27) consists purely of SiO2.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES LICHTWELLENLEITERS

Wärmebeständige optische Faser aus Kunststoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben.

MONOMODIGER WELLENLEITER HOHER LEISTUNGSFÄHIGKEIT

Fadenartiger optischer Lichtleiter und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

FLUORESZIERENDES MATERIAL ENTHALTENDER STRAHLUNGSSENSOR

Optische Faser, Vorform für optische Faser und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Vorform mit einem deformierten ersten Mantel

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Basismaterial für optische Faser mit einem verformten ersten Mantel, Basismaterial für optische Faser und von optischer Faser

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbzeug für optischen Fasern.

Laterally emitting step index fiber for e.g. contour illumination of ship, has scattering zone located between core and jacket, where particles are embedded in zone that includes refractive index differing from refractive index of jacket

The index fiber has a light guiding core (1) and a transparent and/or translucent jacket (2) made of glass. The core and the jacket include refractive indexes, respectively. A discrete scattering zone (3) located between the core and the jacket is made of glass. Scattering particles are embedded in the scattering zone. The scattering zone includes a refractive index, which differs from the refractive index of the jacket. The particles contain oxides, metals, diamond-like carbon and/or glass ceramic particles. Glass in which scattering centers are embedded is an arsenic-lead silicate glass. An independent claim is also included for a method for producing a laterally emitting step index fiber.

Optical fiber, optical fiber amplifier and optical fiber laser light source

Flexible illuminatable laminate

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A LIGHT GUIDE

FABRICATION OF OPTICAL FIBRES

Single mode optical fibre

Optical waveguide

An optical waveguide including a core layer formed of a polymer, and a cladding layer placed in proximate to the core layer, the cladding layer being formed of a polymer having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the polymer for the core layer, wherein the polymers for the core and cladding layers are selected from the copolymers having the formula (1) n is a mole fraction in the range of 0.05 & p < 1. Therefore, by using polyimides which allow easy control of the refractive index in the formation of an optical waveguide, the difference in refractive index between the core and cladding layers of the optical waveguide can be further increased compared to the case of using silica. As a result, a subminiature passive device for optical communications can be manufactured.

An optical fiber with a plurality of holes

An optical fiber 10 can efficiently excite metallic ions by a pump lightwave, and an optical fiber amplifier and an optical fiber laser light source both incorporate the optical fiber. The optical fiber 10 comprises (a) a solid region that has a first region [Figure 2A, 12] doped with metallic ions and a second region [Figure 2A, 13] surrounding the first region and that allows a lightwave for exciting the metallic ions to travel in a multiple mode and (b) a third region [Figure 2A, 16] surrounding the second region and having a plurality of holes [Figure 2A, 15] stretching along the length of the optical fiber. The optical fiber 10 has a structure in which the first region is supplied with the power of a lightwave that is included in the pump lightwave and that is in a mode having no intensity peak at the center axis of the solid region. The optical fiber may be formed by twisting.

Fibre-optic lasers and amplifiers

PCT No. PCT/GB86/00484 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 9, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 9, 1987 PCT Filed Aug. 13, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO87/01110 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 26, 1987.A method of making a preform for drawing optical fibers includes the steps of depositing a dopant material 3 in a dopant carrier chamber 1, heating the dopant material to cause it to vaporise at a predetermined rate, depositing from a mixture of a source material (GeCl4, SiO4, O2) and said vaporised dopant a mixture of solid components 8 and fusing said solid components to form a doped glass.

LIGHT-CONDUCTING GLASS FIBRES

Laser induced graphene coated optical fibers

The disclosed embodiments include an optical fiber having a graphene coating, a method to apply a graphene coating onto an optical fiber, and a fiber optic cable having a graphene coating. In one embodiment, the optical fiber includes an optical core that extends along a longitudinal axis. The optical fiber also includes a carbon based coating that covers the optical core along the longitudinal axis. The optical fiber also includes a layer of graphene formed on a first surface of the carbon based coating. The layer of graphene is formed from a laser induction process that includes focusing a laser beam at the carbon based coating to photothermally convert the first surface of the carbon based coating into grapheme.

Fibre optic sensors

A fibre optic sensor in which the sensed parameter acts upon particles present in a plastics coating surrounding an optical fibre in such a way that the action modifies an optical propagation characteristic of the fibre. Thus the change in optical path length of the fibre included by the surrounding ferrite particle loaded plastics layer in the presence of a magnetic field provides the fibre with sensitivity to magnetic fields which can be detected by optical interferometry.

OPTICAL FIBRE APPARATUS

DISTRIBUTED FIBER OPTIC SENSOR USING CLAD MATERIAL LIGHT BACKSCATTERING

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

... 1322992 Glass fibres for optical waveguides CORNING GLASS WORKS 5 May 1971 [11 May 1970 15 Sept 1970] 13325/71 Heading C1M Glass fibres for an optical waveguide comprise a cladding layer of pure fused silica or a doped fused silica and a core of doped fused silica, the dopant being in such amount that the index of refraction of the core has a greater value than the index of refraction of the cladding layer. Dopants suggested are of Cs or Rb when diffusion is allowable to give an increasing diameter core or one or more of the following oxides when no diffusion is required: Ti, Ta, Nb, Sn, Al, Zr, Yb and La. Amounts of the dopants preferably up to 15% by weight, but all may be up to 25% except Al 2 O 3 up to 40%, and the maximum TiO 2 20% and for ZrO 2 and Nb 2 O 5 5%. The Figure shows how the amounts may be chosen to give desired refractive indices. When the cladding layer is also doped, the same, but more, dopant may be used for the core, or a different dopant used, the amounts being chosen ...

Single mode optical fibre

GLASS TRANSMISSION LINES

... 1467962 Optical waveguide WESTERN ELECTRIC CO Inc 16 April 1974 [16 April 1973] 16604/74 Heading C1M A glass transmission line for radiation in the range 0À5 to 2À0 Ám has a core and a cladding each comprising a mixture of SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 in the mole ratio (SiO 2 to B 2 O 3 ) in the range 30 : 1 to 2 : 1. The cladding includes at least one layer having a refractive index at least 0À1% less than that of the core and the core has an additive, which additive results in a refractive index which is not more than 30% greater than the mixture without the additive, dissolved in the mixture in an amount sufficient to increase the refractive index by at least 0À1%. The additive may be alumina, Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, or CaO. The cladding may comprise two or more layers each having a lower index than the underlying layer. The waveguide may be made by drawing down a rod-tube assembly.

Illuminated sewing thread

Sewing thread comprising fibre optic member. The thread may be for hand sewing of machine sewing. The thread may be braided. The end of the fibre optic may be rounded. The thread may have a bend radius of 3mm or less. The thread may be a metre or more in length and have a diameter of 1mm or less. The fibre optic member may be 2mm or less in diameter. Also claimed is a method of making a sewing thread by arranging a portion of sewing thread having a hollow core such that it is linear, linearly aligning a portion of fibre optic member with the central void of the sewing thread and advancing the fibre optic member into the central core of thread. The method may comprise an additional step wherein the end of the fibre optic member is rounded and the rounded end is advanced into the central core of the thread. The method may comprise applying a guide to the mouth of the central void of the sewing thread.

Isotopically altered optical fibre

Isotopically altered optical fibre

Isotopically altered optical fibre

Processing method for optical waveguides designed with a capillary channel, and an optical component equipped with such an optical waveguide

Processing method, in order to provide optical waveguides equipped with capillary channels with transverse bores, without in the process impairing the optical surface quality of the interface between the core of the optical waveguide and the capillary channel, and optical components processed in accordance with this method. For the processing, the optical waveguide 2 is fixed in a supporting block 1. Using a rotating mill arbor 6, the optical waveguide is milled until the capillary channel 3 has been opened. In the process, a large part of the milling pressure is absorbed by the supporting block 1. An optical waveguide 2 which is fixed in two spaced-apart supporting blocks 1 on a glass support, can have pressure connections and adjusting elements applied to it via connecting plates, in order to fill and to empty the capillary channel with liquids. The basic action of the components implemented in this way is based on the fact that the evanescent light field can be influenced directly by ...

OPTICAL PLASTIC PRODUCT, OPTICAL PLASTIC FIBER, DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN OPTICAL PLASTIC PART AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN OPTICAL PLASTIC PART AND AN OPTICAL PLASTIC PRODUCT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

OPTISCHE FASER UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION PHOTO NICHES OF A PLASTIC CRYSTAL FIBER FOR TERAHERTZWELLENÜBERTRAGUNG

Optical conductor arrangement for creating at least one illuminating function and/or signaling function of vehicle headlamp

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Lichtleiteranordnung (100) zur Erzeugung von zumindest einer Beleuchtungsfunktion und/oder Signalisierungsfunktion eines Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfers oder von zumindest einer Beleuchtungsfunktion und/oder Signalisierungsfunktion einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für einen Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer, wobei die Lichtleiteranordnung (100) umfasst ein langgestrecktes Lichtleitelement (1) und zumindest eine Primärlichtquelle (10), wobei Licht der Primärlichtquelle (10) über zumindest einen Einkoppelbereich (2) an einem Ende des Lichtleitelementes (1) in das Lichtleitelement (1) eingekoppelt werden kann. Entlang der Rückseite (4) des Lichtleitelementes (1) ist zumindest ein Lichtleitkörper (11, 12, 13, 14) angeordnet ist, wobei jedem Lichtleitkörper (11, 12, 13, 14) zumindest eine Sekundärlichtquelle (21, 22, 23, 24) zugeordnet ist, mit welcher Sekundärlichtquelle (21, 22, 23, 24) Licht in den zugeordneten Lichtleitkörper (11, 12, 13, 14) über einen Lichtleitkörper-Einkoppelbereich ...

SINGLE-SIDEBAND MODULATOR WITH AN OPTICAL MONOMODE FIBER.

MICROSTRUKTURIERTER OPTICAL POLYMER TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

DEVICES TO THE STIMULATED EMISSION FROM SILICON NANO-PARTICLES

FIBER LASER AND - AMPLIFIERS

TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION OF OPTICAL TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

MICRO-STRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBERS

Single-mode optical fiber and its production method

MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATOR

QUARTZ OPTICAL FIBRE

Hybrid organic-inorganic planar optical waveguide device

FABRICATION OF OPTICAL FIBRES

Metallic coated dielectric substrates comprising parylene polymer protective layer

MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATOR

Color shifting multilayer polymer fibers and security articles containing color shifting multilayer polymer fibers

PROCESS FOR FABRICATION OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

WAVELENGTH INSENSITIVE INTEGRATED OPTIC POLARIZATION SPLITTER

Deep uv laser internally induced densification in silica glasses

Optical planar waveguide device and method of its fabrication

Optical waveguide diffraction grating device, method for fabricating optical waveguide diffraction grating device, multiplexing/demultiplexing module, and optical transmission system

Optical fiber having low loss at 1385nm and method for making same

DIGITAL SCRAMBLER

High-efficiency parallel-beam laser optical fiber drawing method and optical fiber

The present invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber laser transmission and amplification. Provided are a high-efficiency parallel-beam laser optical fiber drawing method and optical fiber, the method comprising the steps of: S1: providing base planes on the side surfaces of both a gain optical fiber preform and a pump optical fiber preform, inwardly processing the base plane of the gain optical fiber preform to make a plurality of ribs protrude, the planes at two sides of each rib being machined surfaces, and inwardly providing a plurality of grooves on the base plane of the pump optical fiber preform, the ribs fitting the grooves; S2: embedding the ribs of the gain optical fiber preform into the grooves of the pump optical fiber preform, tapering and fixing one end of the combination of the ribs and the grooves to form a parallel-beam laser optical fiber preform; S3: drawing the parallel-beam laser optical fiber preform into parallel-beam laser optical fibers. The process ...

Partially detached core optical waveguide

Temperature stabilization of optical waveguides

Broadband pulse-reshaping optical fiber

Temperature compensation device for optical communication

Dispersion compensating module and mode converter, coupler and dispersion compensating optical waveguide therein

PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBER

PHOTOCONDUCTIVE FIBER OR ROD

PRODUCTION OF LIGHT-CONDUCTING GLASS FIBERS

HIGH SPEED PULSE TRAIN GENERATOR

There is disclosed a high speed pulse train generator for generating a train of pulses having arbitrarily close spacing. The apparatus in one form consists of a generator loop, comprising a fiber optic waveguide looped through a directional coupler, with the output fiber serving as the input fiber for a similarly structured multiplexer loop. The lengths of the two loops are adjusted such that the time difference in the propagation times of light around the respective loops is small compared to the time of propagation around either loop. The times are adjusted to obtain any arbitrary spacing of the pulses in the output pulse train which comprises interleaved pulse trains resulting from each pulse input to the multiplexer loop. Also disclosed is a single loop embodiment for bidirectional data rate transformation and methods of using all the embodiments.

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES AND THEIR MANUFACTURE

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES AND THEIR MANUFACTURE Optical fibre contains a colloidal semiconductor dispersed in the core or the cladding or both. The fibre may have active regions in which the semiconductor is dispersed and passive regions in which the semiconductor is dissolved. This is obtained by drawing a preform to get fibre in which the semiconductor is dispersed and selected portions (or else the whole fibre) are treated to precipitate the semiconductor in colloidal form.

ISOTOPIC FIBEROPTICS

An optical fiber in which chemical non-uniformities leading to optical losses at the core and cladding interface are minimized by selecting materials for the core and the cladding which are chemically substantially identical, at least one element in the core being the isotope of the corresponding element in the cladding and selected to impart a refractive index in the core which exceeds the refractive index in cladding.

LOW-LOSS SILICA OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

HELICOIDAL SINGLE MATERIAL OPTICAL FIBERS

MICROPOROUS GLASS WAVEGUIDES DOPED WITH SELECTED MATERIALS

The present invention concerns waveguides made from porous glass which have been doped with certain selected materials which exhibit optical properties. In the context of the invention, the selected materials are optical materials which exhibit optical activity or a Faraday effect, such as an electro-optic material, and more specifically a polymer. Devices made according to the present invention can be used as phase modulators.

APPARATUS FOR CUTTING A HUMAN OR ANIMAL TISSUE COMPRISING AN OPTICAL COUPLER

La présente invention concerne un appareil découpe incluant - un laser femtoseconde (1), - un système de mise en forme (2) en aval du laser femtoseconde (1), pour former un faisceau LASER modulé en phase, - un scanner optique de balayage (4) en aval du système de mise en forme (2), - un système optique de focalisation (5) en aval du scanner optique de balayage (4), - une unité de commande (6) permettant de piloter le système de mise en forme (2), le scanner optique de balayage (4) et le système optique de focalisation (5), remarquable en ce que l'appareil comprend en outre un coupleur optique (3) entre le laser femtoseconde (1) et le système de mise en forme (2), le coupleur optique (3) incluant une fibre optique à cristal photonique pour le filtrage du faisceau LASER modulé en phase (21) issu du système de mise en forme (2).

OPTICAL FIBER COATING COMPOSITION

The present disclosure relates to thiol-ene based coating compositions and polymeric compositions that are resistant to high temperature, as well as optical fibers coated with such polymeric compositions. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a radiation-curable optical fiber coating composition that includes at least 20 wt% of one or more at least trifunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomers, each having three or more free radical polymerizable ethylenic unsaturations; at least 20 wt% of one or more at least trifunctional thiol monomers, each having three or more free radical polymerizable thiols; and an effective amount of a free radical photoinitiator, wherein the ratio of the number of polymerizable ethylenic unsaturations of the curable composition to the number of polymerizable thiols of the curable compositions is at least about 1.

UNIVERSAL BROADBAND PHOTODETECTOR DESIGN AND FABRICATION PROCESS

A broad-spectral-bandwidth photodetector designed for use with all types of optical fibers used in different avionics networks and sensors and a process for fabricating such photodetectors. A Schottky barrier photodetector is provided that includes germanium, which has a broad spectral response to light in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range (220 to 1600 nm). The provision of a photodetector having a broad spectral response avoids the use of multiple different types of photodetectors and receivers in an avionics platform with different optical fiber networks and sensors.

METHOD FOR SETTING HEATING CONDITION, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FIBER BRAGG GRATING, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FIBER LASER SYSTEM

Realized is a method for setting a heating condition, whereby it is possible to suppress an increase in the temperature of a fiber Bragg grating that can occur during actual use thereof. The present invention includes: a step (S11) for specifying the lower limit value Edmin of the relaxation energy Ed, at which a temperature coefficient ? is equal to or less than a desired upper limit value ?max, on the basis of a correspondence ?(Ed) between the relaxation energy Ed and the temperature coefficient ? in the fiber Bragg grating; and a step (S12) for setting a heating condition (T, t) for thermal aging of the fiber Bragg grating so that the relaxation energy Ed is equal to or greater than the lower limit value Edmin.

LIGHT DIFFUSING DEVICES FOR USE PHOTOIMMUNOTHERAPY

The present invention provides a diffuser light blocking device comprising an end cap member (820) having a pocketing feature (821 ) that has a side wall (822) and an end reflective surface (810); the pocketing feature's shape corresponds to exterior shape of distal portion (830) of a diffuser (800) having a distal end surface (801 ); the pocketing feature engages the distal portion; an overlapping section (815) of the pocketing feature's side wall surrounds the distal portion's side wall (802) and prevents at least 95% of the light output from the distal portion from escaping out of the distal portion's side wall; the end reflective surface blocks any forward propagating light output from the distal end surface and returns at least 80% of light coming out of the distal end surface back towards the diffuser; the end cap member is thermally conductive; the end cap member's length (831 ) and diameter (832) provide an exterior surface area that is at least 1,000% of the surface area of the ...

OPTICAL FIBER

... ²²²An optical fiber (10) resistant to hydrogen-induced attenuation losses at both ²relatively low and relatively high temperatures includes a substantially pure ²silica core (12) and a hydrogen retarding layer (18). The hydrogen retarding ²coating may be made of carbon, metal, or silicon nitride. The fiber may also ²include a cladding layer (14), a second silica layer (16), and a protective ²outer sheath (20).² ...

OPTIC FIBRES AND FIBRE OPTIC SENSING

MICROPOROUS GLASS WAVEGUIDES DOPED WITH SELECTED MATERIALS

The present invention concerns waveguides made from porous glass which have been doped with certain selected materials which exhibit optical properties. In the context of the invention, the selected materials are optical materials which exhibit optical activity or a Faraday effect, such as an electro-optic material, and more specifically a polymer. Devices made according to the present invention can be used as phase modulators.

A MULTIMODE FIBER AND METHOD FOR FORMING IT

A multimode optical fiber (10) having a first laser bandwidth greater than 220MHz.km in the 850nm window, a second laser bandwidth greater than 500MHz.km in the 850nm window, and a second OFL bandwidth of at least 500MHz.km in the 300nm window is disclosed. The multimode fiber is capable of operating telecommunication systems employing both LED power sources and high power laser sources. Method of making and testing the multimode optical fiber are also disclosed.

END-FACE COATING OF A WAVEGUIDE

The invention concerns a waveguide, such as an optical fibre, having a front face, such as a fibre facet, provided with a coating. The coating comprises one or more organic fluorine compounds. The invention also concerns a method for producing this type of waveguide by means of plasma polymerisation.

Линейный резонатор волоконного лазера dbr

Полезная модель относится к лазерной технике, в частности, к волоконным лазерам с линейным резонатором в конфигурации DBR. Линейный резонатор волоконного лазера DBR содержит заполненный вязкой жидкостью корпус, внутри которого размещены пьезокерамический преобразователь и оптоволокно. При этом корпус выполнен в форме параллелепипеда из твердого материала с высокой теплопроводностью, между корпусом и пьезокерамическим преобразователем размещен сэндвич из не менее одного слоя вибродемпфирующего материала, пьезокерамический преобразователь жестко соединен с находящимся под натяжением отрезком оптоволокна с нанесенной на него узкополосной брэгговской решеткой, а свободный подводящий к резонатору участок оптоволокна зафиксирован в отверстиях корпуса. 9. Техническим результатом предлагаемого решения является повышение стабильности излучения лазера. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 197 439 U1 (51) МПК G02B 6/02 (2006.01) H01S 3/06 (2006.01) H01S 5/125 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК G02B 6/022 (2020.02); H01S 5/125 (2020.02); H01S 3/067 (2020.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020100884, 14.01.2020 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 27.04.2020 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 14.01.2020 (45) Опубликовано: 27.04.2020 Бюл. № 12 1 9 7 4 3 9 R U (54) ЛИНЕЙНЫЙ РЕЗОНАТОР ВОЛОКОННОГО ЛАЗЕРА DBR (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к лазерной вибродемпфирующего материала, технике, в частности, к волоконным лазерам с пьезокерамический преобразователь жестко линейным резонатором в конфигурации DBR. соединен с находящимся под натяжением Линейный резонатор волоконного лазера DBR отрезком оптоволокна с нанесенной на него содержит заполненный вязкой жидкостью корпус, узкополосной брэгговской решеткой, а внутри которого размещены пьезокерамический свободный подводящий к резонатору участок преобразователь и оптоволокно. При этом корпус оптоволокна зафиксирован в отверстиях ...

Packaged multicore fiber optical transceiver module

A method and structure for coupling to a plurality of multicore optical fiber strands. A first plurality of optoelectronic devices is provided on a surface of a substrate, the first optoelectronic devices being arranged in a 2D array pattern that corresponds to a 2D array pattern corresponding to different light cores of a first multicore optical fiber. A second plurality of optoelectronic devices is provided on the surface of the substrate, the second optoelectronic devices being arranged in a 2D array pattern that corresponds to a 2D array pattern corresponding to different light cores of a second multicore optical fiber. Each optoelectronic device on the substrate surface provides one of a receive function and a transmit function for interacting with a corresponding core of a multicore optical fiber strand.

Holographic mirror for optical interconnect signal routing

A holographic mirror 10 for re-directing an optical signal that includes a base 14 having an outer surface 16, and a plurality of discrete nano-structures 12 formed into the outer surface of the base. Each nano-structure has an out-of-plane dimension 20 that is within an order of magnitude of one or both in-plane dimensions 22. The plurality of nano-structures are configured in a repeating pattern with a predetermined spacing 18 between nano-structures for re-directing an optical signal.

Method and apparatus for detecting multiple optical wave lengths

Optical gratings that perform a number of functions at various wavelengths are formed by various methods that preserve spectral information within a wavelength band, the functions including: coupling radiation from one waveguide ( 7 a 3 ) to another ( 7 a 2 ), controllable gratings that operate on different wavelengths in response to external control signals.

Deflection measuring device according to the interferometer principle

An interferometer type deflection measuring device having a radiation source, a first fiber-optic means forming a first light path, a second fiber-optic means forming a second light path, a deflection body and an evaluation circuit, the first and second fiber-optic means receiving radiation from the radiation source on an input side, and radiation guided in the first and second fiber-optic means, respectively, being brought together on an output side with interference radiation being conveyed to the evaluation circuit for evaluation. The first fiber-optic means and the second fiber-optic means are arranged only on the deflection body, at least one of the first and second fiber-optic means being connected on the input side to the beam source with a single feed optical fiber and at least one of the first and second fiber-optic means being connected on the output side to the evaluation circuit by a single evaluation optical fiber.

Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser

A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide having at least one core surrounded by a cladding, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating may be impressed in the waveguide. The waveguide may be axially compressed which causes the length of the waveguide to decrease without buckling. The waveguide may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned. Also, the waveguide exhibits lower mode coupling from the core to the cladding and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings without damaging the waveguide. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

Grating inscribing in optical waveguides

There is described herein a method and system for inscribing gratings in optical waveguides. The waveguides may be hydrogen-free, germanium-free, low germanium, low hydrogen, and a combination thereof. Such gratings written in hydrogen-free fibers are suitable for sensor applications in which the use of hydrogen for photosensitizing fibers is undesirable owing to their increased sensitivity to nuclear radiation. The grating are formed by at least one pulse having a wavelength comprised between about 203 nm and about 240 nm. The laser source may be a Continuous Wave (CW) laser source or a pulsed laser source generating at least one pulse having a width in the order of nanoseconds (10 9 ).

Multiple-core optical fiber with coupling between the cores

An optical fiber includes a cladding, a first core, and a second core. At least one of the first core and the second core is hollow and is substantially surrounded by the cladding. At least a portion of the first core is generally parallel to and spaced from at least a portion of the second core. The optical fiber includes a defect substantially surrounded by the cladding, the defect increasing a coupling coefficient between the first core and the second core.

Optical Pulse Compressor

Optical pulse compensator having a chirp unit including a normal dispersion fiber that provides a positive chirp to an input pulse and having a dispersion compensator including an anomalous fiber is provided. The nonlinear coefficient and the absolute value of the second-order group-velocity dispersion of the anomalous fiber that forms the dispersion compensator is set such that a soliton order becomes one or more, and the fiber length of the anomalous dispersion fiber is made to be equal to or smaller than a length required for optical soliton formation.

Microstructured transmission optical fiber

Microstructured optical fiber for single-moded transmission of optical signals, the optical fiber including a core region and a cladding region, the cladding region including an annular void-containing region that contains non-periodically disposed voids. The optical fiber provides single mode transmission and low bend loss.

Optical fiber, optical fiber ribbon and optical fiber cable

According to the present invention, there is provided an optical fiber, an optical fiber ribbon and an optical fiber cable that reduce both the increase in transmission loss and the decrease in strength. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an optical fiber in which an outer circumferential surface of an optical fiber is coated with a primary coating layer. In the optical fiber, the primary coating layer includes a ultraviolet curable resin, and the ultraviolet curable resin contains 0.05 or more and 0.75 or less parts by weight of a reactive silane coupling agent and 0.05 or more and 0.75 or less parts by weight of an unreactive silane coupling agent.

Multicore fiber

The multicore fiber comprises 7 or more cores, wherein diameters of the adjacent cores differ from one another, wherein each of the cores performs single-mode propagation, wherein a relative refractive index difference of each of the cores is less than 1.4%, wherein a distance between the adjacent cores is less than 50 μm, wherein, in a case where a transmission wavelength of each of the cores is λ, the distance between the adjacent cores is , a mode field diameter of each of the cores is MFD, and a theoretical cutoff wavelength of each of the cores is λc, (

Coupled Photonic Microdevices With Sub-Wavelength Feature Size

Complex, coupled photonic microdevices are formed to include sub-wavelength-sized radial perturbations sufficient to create resonant cavities, where these devices may be formed along the length of a single optical fiber and coupled together to form relatively complex photonic devices. By carefully selecting the placement and separation of these local radius variations, and using microfibers (or other suitable arrangements) to couple optical signals into and out of the device fiber, resonances in the form of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are created in the device fiber such that a number of coupled microstructures (such as ring resonators) may be formed.

Optic fibres and fibre optic sensing

Fibre optic cables with improved performance for use in distributed sensing, for instance in distributed acoustic sensors, are disclosed. In one embodiment a fibre optic cable ( 210 ) comprises a core ( 208 ) and cladding ( 206 ) disposed within a buffer material ( 202 ) and surrounded by a jacket ( 204 ) and arranged so that the core is offset from the centre of the cable. By offsetting the core from the centre of the jacket any bending effects on the core can be maximised compared with the core being located at the centre of the cable.

Filtered fiber optic probe

The invention provides improved multi-fiber, fiber optic probe assemblies in which the component parts are adapted for rapid assembly with precise alignment. Some embodiments are adapted to illuminate and collect light from a sample at a particular depth while minimizing interference arising from within the probe assembly itself. Also provided are methods for manufacturing the probe assemblies and optical apparatuses including the probe assemblies.

Optical connector and endoscope system

Provided is an optical connector including: an SI-type light source side optical fiber which is disposed on the light source side and an SI-type light receiving side optical fiber which is disposed on the light receiving side. Both optical fibers are optically coupled to each other by disposing an end surface of the light source side optical fiber and an end surface of the light receiving side optical fiber so as to face each other. The light source side optical fiber and the receiving side optical fiber are attachable to and detachable from each other. The light source side optical fiber includes a taper portion in which the diameter of the core portion increases toward the end surface of the light source side optical fiber.

Multi-diameter optical fiber link for transmitting unidirectional signals and eliminating signal deterioration

The present invention is to provide a multi-diameter optical fiber link, which includes a first cable and a second cable connected in series with the first cable through an adaptor (or adaptors) and is characterized in that a first optical fiber enclosed in the first cable has a smaller diameter than a second optical fiber enclosed in the second cable. Hence, when the first and second cables are connected in series, an end surface of the first optical fiber is easily and precisely aligned within an end surface of the second optical fiber, thus allowing the second optical fiber to receive all optical signals transmitted from the first optical fiber. Consequently, the optical signals pass through the first and second optical fibers in succession, and a unidirectional signal transmission is realized in the multi-diameter optical fiber link without signal deterioration which may otherwise result from misalignment of the optical fibers.

Fiber optic transducers, fiber optic accelerometers and fiber optic sensing systems

A fiber optic transducer is provided. The fiber optic transducer includes a fixed portion configured to be secured to a body of interest, a moveable portion having a range of motion with respect to the fixed portion, a spring positioned between the fixed portion and the moveable portion, and a length of fiber wound between the fixed portion and the moveable portion. The length of fiber spans the spring. The fiber optic transducer also includes a mass engaged with the moveable portion. In one disclosed aspect of the transducer, the mass envelopes the moveable portion.

Interlocking optical fiber

An optical fiber includes an interlocking microstructure formed on an outer periphery of the fiber that configures the fiber to be interlocked with another optical fiber including a complementary interlocking microstructure coating.

Highly efficient optical gratings with reduced thickness requirements and impedance-matching layers

An optical grating comprising a grating layer and two surface layers, the layers being arranged with the grating layer between the surface layers. The grating layer comprises a set of multiple, discrete, elongated first grating regions that comprise a first dielectric material and are arranged with intervening elongated second grating regions. The bulk refractive index of the dielectric material of the first grating regions is larger than the bulk refractive index of the second grating regions. The first surface layer comprises a first impedance matching layer, and the second surface layer comprises either (i) a second impedance matching layer or (ii) a reflective layer. Each said impedance matching layer is arranged to reduce reflection of an optical signal transmitted through the corresponding surface of the grating layer, relative to reflection of the optical signal in the absence of said impedance matching layer.

Modalmetric fibre sensor

A modalmetric fibre sensor comprises a multimode sensor fibre ( 26 ) and a light source ( 14 ) for launching light into the sensor fibre to produce a multimode speckle pattern at an end of the sensor fibre. A single mode fibre ( 22 ) receives light from the multimode speckle pattern for transmission to a detector (18). A further multimode fibre ( 41 ) is disposed between the sensor fibre ( 26 ) and the single mode fibre ( 22 ) so that the single mode fibre ( 22 ) receives light from the speckle pattern by transmission through the further multimode fibre ( 41 ) and the received light includes higher order modes regenerated in the further multimode fibre ( 41 ). The light source may be connected to the single mode fibre ( 22 ) so as to launch light through the single mode fibre into the multimode sensor fibre ( 26 ) via the further multimode fibre ( 41 ) and the remote end ( 28 ) of the sensor fibre ( 26 ) may be mirrored to reflect light back through the sensor fibre to produce the speckle pattern.

Light source apparatus and processing method

The present invention relates to a light source apparatus. The light source apparatus has an MOPA configuration and comprises a seed light source, a pulse generator, an intermediate optical amplifier, a final stage optical amplifier, a delivery optical fiber, and a light output terminal. The delivery optical fiber is a PBG fiber having a photonic bandgap (PBG) structure in a core-surrounding portion located around the core. Light with a wavelength in a high loss band of the PBG fiber is inputted into the PBG fiber.

Laser Sintering of Ceramic Fibers

A method and system for generating an optical fiber is provided. The method includes creating a green fiber consisting primarily of a ceramic material and sintering the green fiber with a laser by moving the green fiber through a beam of the laser to increase the density of the fiber after sintering. The system for creating a continuous optical fiber includes an extruder, a processing chamber and a laser. The extruder is configured to extrude a ceramic slurry as a green fiber. The processing chamber is configured to receive and process the green fiber. And, the laser is configured to direct a laser spot on the green fiber exiting the processing chamber to sinter the green fiber.

Low bend loss optical fiber

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r 2 >8 microns and refractive index Δ 2 and a second outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region having refractive index Δ 4 , wherein Δ 1 >Δ 4 >Δ 2 . The difference between Δ 4 and Δ 2 is greater than 0.002 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r 1 /r 2 is greater or equal to 0.25.

Coupled multicore fiber

A coupled multi-core fiber 10 includes a plurality of cores 11 and a clad 12 surrounding the plurality of cores 11, wherein the plurality of cores 11 are arranged in such a way that periphery surfaces of the adjacent cores 11 contact with each other, each of the cores 11 is made to have a refractive index higher than the clad 12 and includes: an outer region 16 having a predetermined thickness from the periphery surface; and an inner region 15 made to have a higher refractive index than the outer region 16 and surrounded by the outer region 16.

Armored fiber optic assemblies

Armored fiber optic assemblies and methods are disclosed that include a dielectric armor and at least one bend-resistant multimode optical fiber. The dielectric armor has an armor profile, thereby resembling conventional metal armored cable to the craft. The dielectric armor provides additional crush and impact resistance and the like for the optical fibers and/or fiber optic assembly therein. The dielectric armor is advantageous to the craft since it provides the desired mechanical performance without requiring the time and expense of grounding like conventional metal armored cables. Additionally, the armored fiber optic assemblies can have any suitable flame and/or smoke rating for meeting the requirements of the intended space. The use of at least one bend-resistant multimode optical fiber allows for improved bend performance for the armored fiber optic assemblies, allowing for tighter cable routing as compared to armored fiber optic assemblies having conventional multimode optical fiber.

DUAL COATED OPTICAL FIBERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME

Dual coated optical fibers and methods for forming dual coated optical fibers are disclosed herein. The dual coated optical fibers include a glass fiber comprising a core region, a cladding region and a dual coating layer surrounding the glass fiber. The dual coating layer includes an inner coating and an outer coating. The inner coating surrounds the glass fiber and includes a first polyimide material. In one embodiment the first polyimide material also includes an adhesion promoter. The outer coating surrounds and is in direct contact with the inner coating and includes a second polyimide material having a decomposition threshold temperature greater than the first polyimide material. The second polyimide material may also have a modulus of elasticity greater than the first polyimide material and a moisture uptake lower than the first polyimide material. 1. A dual coated optical fiber comprising:a glass fiber comprising a core region and a cladding region; an inner coating surrounding the glass fiber, the inner coating comprising a first polyimide material; and', 'an outer coating surrounding and in direct contact with the inner coating, the outer coating comprising a second polyimide material having a decomposition threshold temperature greater than the first polyimide material., 'a dual coating layer surrounding the glass fiber and comprising2. The dual coated optical fiber of wherein a modulus of elasticity of the second polyimide material is greater than a modulus of elasticity of the first polyimide material.3. The dual coated optical fiber of wherein a moisture uptake of the second polyimide material is lower than a moisture uptake of the first polyimide material.4. The dual coated optical fiber of wherein the dual coating layer does not separate from the glass fiber after immersion in a deionized water bath at room temperature for seven days.5. The dual coated optical fiber of wherein a tensile strength of the dual coated optical fiber is greater than 300 ...

FEW MODE OPTICAL FIBERS FOR MODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

A few mode optical fiber suitable for use in a mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical transmission system is disclosed. The optical fiber has a graded-index core with a radius Rin the range from 8 μm to 14 μm, an alpha value greater than or equal to about 2.3 and less than about 2.7 at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and a maximum relative refractive index Δfrom about 0.3% to about 0.6% relative to the cladding. The optical fiber also has an effective area greater than about 90 μmand less than about 160 μm. The core and cladding support only the LP01 and LP11 modes at wavelengths greater than 1500 nm. The cladding has a maximum relative refractive index Δsuch that Δ>Δ, and the differential group delay between the LP01 and LP11 modes is less than about 0.5 ns/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm. 1. A few mode optical fiber , comprising:{'sub': 1', '1MAX, 'sup': 2', '2, 'a glass core having a radius Rin the range from about 8 μm to about 14 μm, a graded refractive index profile with an alpha value greater than or equal to about 2.3 and less than about 2.7 at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a maximum relative refractive index Δin the range from about 0.3% to about 0.6% relative to a glass cladding, and an effective area at 1550 nm greater than about 90 μmand less than about 160 μm;'}{'sub': 4MAX', '1MAX', '4MAX, 'the glass cladding immediately surrounding the glass core and having a maximum relative refractive index Δsuch that Δ>Δ; and'}wherein the glass core and glass cladding support the propagation and transmission of only LP01 modes and LP11 modes at one or more wavelengths greater than 1500 nm, with a group delay magnitude between the LP01 and LP 11 modes that is less than about 0.5 ns/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.2. The few mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the glass cladding comprises a low-index ring that immediately surrounds the glass core and that has a minimum relative refractive index Δ<Δ.3. The few mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the glass cladding comprises ...

Multimode optical fiber and system incorporating such

According to some embodiments, a multimode optical fiber comprises a graded index glass core with refractive index Δ1, a maximum refractive index delta Δ1 MAX , and a core radius between 10 and 40 microns; and cladding region surrounding the core comprising refractive index Δ4, wherein the fiber exhibits an overfilled bandwidth at an operating wavelength in a 900 to 1250 nm wavelength range of greater than 2.5 GHz-km. According to some embodiments the fiber exhibits an overfilled bandwidth at a wavelength between 950 and 1100 nm which is greater than 4 GHz-km. According to some embodiments the fiber exhibits an overfilled bandwidth at a wavelength between 950 and 1100 nm which is greater than 10 GHz-km.

Large core holey fibers

Holey fibers provide optical propagation. In various embodiments, a large core holey fiber comprises a cladding region formed by large holes arranged in few layers. The number of layers or rows of holes about the large core can be used to coarse tune the leakage losses of the fundamental and higher modes of a signal, thereby allowing the non-fundamental modes to be substantially eliminated by leakage over a given length of fiber. Fine tuning of leakage losses can be performed by adjusting the hole dimension and/or spacing to yield a desired operation with a desired leakage loss of the fundamental mode. Resulting holey fibers have a large hole dimension and spacing, and thus a large core, when compared to traditional fibers and conventional fibers that propagate a single mode. Other loss mechanisms, such as bend loss and modal spacing can be utilized for selected modes of operation of holey fibers.

Optical device and method for manufacturing the optical device

The invention provides an optical device and an optical device manufacturing method wherein provisions are made to be able to precisely align an optical fiber relative to a substrate without heating the substrate and to maintain the optimum alignment condition for an extended period of time. More specifically, the invention provides an optical device manufacturing method which includes the steps of forming a first metallic film on a portion of a substrate, forming a second metallic film on a portion of the outer circumference of an optical fiber, and bonding together the first metallic film and the second metallic film by surface activated bonding,, and an optical device manufactured by such a manufacturing method.

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION LINE

There is provided an optical transmission line that includes a bend insensitive fiber (BIF) defined by ITU-T Recommendation G.657 and that reduces the influence of MPI. An optical transmission line includes a first optical fiber , a second optical fiber joined to an incident end of the first optical fiber , and a third optical fiber joined to an exit end of the first optical fiber . The first optical fiber is a bend insensitive fiber (BIF), and each of the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber is a general single mode optical fiber. An attenuation coefficient of an LP11 mode in the first optical fiber at a wavelength of 1310 nm, a splice loss between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, a splice loss between the first optical fiber and the third optical fiber, and a length of the first optical fiber satisfy a predetermined relational equation. 2. The optical transmission line according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber is a general single-mode optical fiber, andwherein, when the first optical fiber is joined to the general single-mode optical fiber, a coupling efficiency between the LP11 mode in the first optical fiber and an LP01 mode in the general single-mode optical fiber is 0.5 or less.3. The optical transmission line according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber is a general single-mode optical fiber, andwherein a difference in mode field diameter at the wavelength of 1310 nm between the first optical fiber and the general single-mode optical fiber is 1 μm or less.5. The optical transmission line according to claim 4 ,wherein the second optical fiber is a general single-mode optical fiber, andwherein, when the first optical fiber is joined to the general single-mode optical fiber, a coupling efficiency between the LP11 mode in the first optical fiber and an LP01 mode in the general single-mode optical fiber is 0.5 or less.6. The optical ...

PUMP ABSORPTION AND EFFICIENCY FOR FIBER LASERS/AMPLIFIERS

Techniques are disclosed for improving pump absorption and efficiency for fiber lasers and amplifiers, for instance. In some embodiments, the techniques are implemented by applying a partially reflective coating on a fiber end-face to double-pass any unabsorbed or otherwise excess pump light in the cladding of a fiber. While being reflective to pump wavelengths, the coating can be non-reflective at the lasing wavelength, so as to avoid unwanted feedback into the system. The benefits of this approach include that excess pump power can be effectively utilized to add more power to the laser output. In addition, the double-pass technique allows for the use of a shorter fiber length, which in turn allows for more compact system designs, saves on material costs, and facilitates manufacturability. 1. An optical fiber comprising:a fiber core;a first cladding surrounding the core;an outer cladding surrounding the first cladding, wherein the outer cladding has a lower index of refraction than the first cladding; anda partial reflector applied to a fiber-to-free-space interface associated with the fiber, wherein the partial reflector is reflective at pump light wavelengths and antireflective at core light wavelengths.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the partial reflector is configured to double-pass any unabsorbed pump light back through the first cladding.3. The optical fiber of or claim 1 , wherein the length of the optical fiber is determined based on optimal double-pass absorption of pump light.4. The optical fiber of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the partial reflector is applied to a tip of the optical fiber.5. The optical fiber of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein a tip of the optical fiber is coated by the partial reflector.6. The optical fiber of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the partial reflector is applied to a tip of the optical fiber using a fiber connector claim 1 , and connectorization adhesive does not strip ...

Chalcogenide-fibre, infrared evanescent wave sensor and process for producing same

The invention relates to a fibre sensor that enables the propagation of infrared light at at least one wavelength of 0.8 to 25 micrometres, the fibre successively comprising along its length a first infrared waveguide section ( 23 ), a second detection section ( 25 ) intended to come into contact with an external environment in order to detect infrared signatures interfering with the propagation of the evanescent waves propagating along the fibre ( 2 ), and a third infrared waveguide section ( 27 ). The invention is characterized in that, in the second fibre section ( 25 ) that has the detection role, the fibre ( 2 ) is constituted of a curved part, the radios of curvature of which is locally less than 2.3 millimetres.

POLARIZATION MAINTAINING MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER

In a polarization maintaining multi-core optical fiber according to the present invention, structural birefringence is generated since an elliptic core is applied. In addition, each core is arranged so that a direction of a line connecting between centers of the nearest cores and a long axis direction of a field distribution in each core may be different from each other, and thereby, overlap of field distributions between the nearest cores is reduced. As a result, a crosstalk among cores is reduced. 1. A polarization maintaining multi-core optical fiber comprising a plurality of cores in the same cladding , the optical fiber having a polarization maintaining characteristic which results from structural asymmetry of each of the plurality of cores or structural asymmetry in vicinity of each of the plurality of cores ,wherein a field distribution of light in each of the plurality of cores is asymmetric, andwherein a direction of a straight line connecting between a center of an arbitrary core among the plurality of cores and a center of a core nearest to the arbitrary core is different from a long axis direction of the field distribution of light in the arbitrary core.2. The polarization maintaining multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the arbitrary core has a first core diameter along the long axis direction of the field distribution of light in the arbitrary core claim 1 , and a second core diameter along a short axis direction of the field distribution of light in the arbitrary core claim 1 , andwherein the first core diameter and the second core diameter are different from each other.3. The polarization maintaining multi-core optical fiber according to claim 2 , wherein the arbitrary core is an elliptic core.4. The polarization maintaining multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1 , further comprising a pair of holes arranged so as to sandwich the arbitrary core. 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a polarization ...

WAVEGUIDE AND CONNECTING ELEMENT

A waveguide can have a first longitudinal section, with at least one core having a first refractive index and at least one sheath surrounding the core. The sheath can be made of a material having a second refractive index so the waveguide will guide at least one optical signal in the core. A third longitudinal section has a sheath and a coating surrounding the sheath having a third refractive index so the third longitudinal section of the waveguide will guide at least one optical signal in the sheath. A second longitudinal section, arranged between the first longitudinal section and the third longitudinal section being adapted to guide an optical signal from the core into the sheath. 1. A waveguide comprisinga first longitudinal section, comprising at least one core with a first refractive index and at least one sheath surrounding said core, said sheath comprising a material having a second refractive index, and said waveguide being adapted to guide at least one optical signal in the core,a third longitudinal section comprising a sheath and a coating surrounding said sheath and comprising a material having a third refractive index, said third longitudinal section of the waveguide being adapted to guide at least one optical signal in the sheath, anda second longitudinal section, being arranged between the first longitudinal section and the third longitudinal section and wherein the diameter of the core decreases over the length of the second longitudinal section from an initial value to a final value.2. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the core decreases over the length of the second longitudinal section strictly monotonically.4. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the following equation applies for the first refractive index n claim 1 , the second refractive index nand the third refractive claim 1 , index n:≦n≦n6. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the second longitudinal section has a length of from approximately 5 mm ...

Methods and systems for predicting an optical fiber performance parameter

A method for predicting polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in an installed optical fiber. Values of PMD are measured for a first optical fiber at various points in time during the manufacture and installation of the first optical fiber. Values of PMD are identified that correspond to sensitive ones of the various points in time. A set of correlation coefficients is calculated based on the values of PMD corresponding to the sensitive ones of the various points in time. An installed value of PMD for a second optical fiber is predicted based on the set of correlation coefficients.

LARGE CORE AREA SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER

A single-mode optical fiber for guiding an optical signal, wherein the core region is capable of guiding an optical signal in a fundamental core mode at an optical signal wavelength. A cladding region is arranged to surround the core region and includes an inner cladding region and an outer cladding region. The inner cladding region includes a background material and a plurality of inner cladding features arranged in the background material, wherein a plurality of the plurality of inner cladding features are of a first type of feature that includes an air hole surrounded by a high-index region comprising a high-index material that is larger than the refractive index of the inner cladding background material. 163-. (canceled)64. A single-mode optical fiber for guiding an optical signal , said optical fiber having a longitudinal , optical axis and a cross section perpendicular thereto , said optical fiber comprising:{'sub': c', '1, 'a core region being capable of guiding an optical signal in a fundamental core mode with an effective refractive index, n, at an optical signal wavelength, λ;'}{'sub': b', 'r', '1', 'c', '1, 'a cladding region surrounding the core region, the cladding region comprising an inner cladding region and an outer cladding region, said inner cladding region comprising a background material having a refractive index, n, and a plurality of inner cladding features arranged in said background material, wherein at least a plurality of said plurality of inner cladding features are of a first type of feature, said first type of feature comprising an air hole surrounded by a high-index region comprising a high-index material having a refractive index, n, that is larger than the refractive index of the inner cladding background material, said first type of feature supports an optical mode with an effective refractive index, n, which is lower than or equal to the effective refractive index of the fundamental core mode, n, at said optical signal wavelength, ...

ULTRA HIGH NUMERICAL APERTURE OPTICAL FIBERS

Various embodiments described include optical fiber designs and fabrication processes for ultra high numerical aperture optical fibers (UHNAF) having a numerical aperture (NA) of about 1. Various embodiments of UHNAF may have an NA greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, or greater than about 0.95. Embodiments of UHNAF may have a small core diameter and may have low transmission loss. Embodiments of UHNAF having a sufficiently small core diameter provide single mode operation. Some embodiments have a low V number, for example, less than 2.4 and large dispersion. Some embodiments of UHNAF have extremely large negative dispersion, for example, less than about −300 ps/nm/km in some embodiments. Systems and apparatus using UHNAF are also disclosed. 1. An optical fiber capable of propagating light having a wavelength , the fiber comprising:a core;an air cladding surrounding the core, the air cladding comprising an air gap having a width;an outer layer surrounding the air cladding; anda plurality of webs mechanically coupling the core and the outer layer such that said air gap is disposed therebetween,wherein the fiber is configured to have a numerical aperture greater than about 0.8, andwherein the optical fiber is arranged as a highly non-linear fiber (HNLF), wherein the core diameter is sufficiently small to provide sufficient nonlinearity for super-continuum generation.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the width of the air gap to the diameter of the core is greater than about 2 and less than about 15.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , further comprising at least one layer disposed between said air cladding and said outer layer.4. The optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said at least one layer comprises at least one cladding layer having an index of refraction higher than an index of refraction of said core.5. The optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said at least one layer comprises (a) a first layer having an index of ...

Ge-p co-doped multimode optical fiber

According to at least one embodiment a graded index multimode fiber comprises: (i) a silica based core co-doped with GeO 2 and 1 to 12 mole % P 2 O 5 ; the core having a dual alpha, α 1 and α 2 , where 1.8≦α 1 ≦2.4 and 1.9≦α 2 ≦2.4 at the wavelength (λ) range between 840 and 1100 nm; and (ii) a silica based cladding region surrounding the core, wherein the fiber has a numerical aperture NA and 0.185≦NA≦0.25 (more preferably 0.185≦NA≦0.23). Preferably, the silica based cladding region surrounding the core has refractive index lower than that of pure silica.

BEND-RESISTANT SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBRE

A single-mode optical fibre for transmitting optical signals includes a central core region for guiding the optical signals, and a cladding region surrounding the core region and including a void-containing annular layer containing randomly distributed voids, wherein the void-containing layer is doped with fluorine at a concentration of less than 1 wt % and has a radial thickness equal to or smaller than 3 μm. 19-. (canceled)11. The fibre of claim 10 , wherein the fluorine concentration is equal to or greater than 0.1%.12. The fibre of claim 10 , wherein the fluorine concentration is 0.1 wt % to 0.7 wt %.13. The fibre claim 10 , wherein the void-containing region has a radial thickness of 1.5 μm to 3 μm.14. The fibre of claim 10 , wherein the cladding region further comprises:an inner annular region in contact with and extending radially outwardly from the core region to the void-containing region; andan outer annular region in contact with and extending radially outwardly the void-containing region.15. The fibre of claim 14 , wherein the inner annular region and the outer annular region are made of undoped silica.16. The fibre of claim 14 , wherein the core region has a first outer core radius and the inner annular layer has a second outer radius defining a core-to-clad radius ratio and the core-to-clad ratio is 0.33 to 0.40.17. The fibre of claim 10 , wherein the core region has a step profile with a first relative refractive index percent of 0.30% to 0.34%18. The fibre of claim 10 , wherein the local void density is 1 vol % to 4 vol %. The present invention relates to a single-mode optical fibre and in particular to a single mode optical fibre exhibiting low bending losses.The use of single-mode optical fibres in fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) applications, including fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) and fibre-to-the-building (FTTB) applications, generally require low bending loss of optical signals transmitted through the fibres, also under stringent installation ...

BI-DIRECTIONAL OPTICAL COMMUNICATION METHOD AND MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER

The present invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber applicable to an optical transmission line of bi-directional optical communication and a bi-directional optical communication method. The multi-core optical fiber has plural cores in a common cladding. Signal light is transmitted in a first direction through an arbitrary core among the cores, whereas the signal light is transmitted in a second direction opposite to a first direction, through all the nearest-neighbor cores to the arbitrary core. 1. A bi-directional optical communication method for performing bi-directional optical communication by using , as an optical transmission line , a multi-core optical fiber having four or more of cores in a common cladding , the method comprising the step of:performing one-way optical communication in each of the cores of the multi-core optical fiber,wherein signal light is transmitted in a first direction through an arbitrary core among the cores of the multi-core optical fiber, whereas the signal light is transmitted in a second direction opposite to the first direction, through all the nearest-neighbor cores with respect to the arbitrary core.2. The bi-directional optical communication method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-core optical fiber has an even number of cores in the cladding.3. The bi-directional optical communication method according to claim 2 , wherein in a cross-section perpendicular to a central axis of the multi-core optical fiber claim 2 , the cores are arranged at lattice points of a square lattice.4. The bi-directional optical communication method according to claim 2 , wherein in a cross-section perpendicular to a central axis of the multi-core optical fiber claim 2 , the cores are arranged at regular intervals on a circumference of a common circle.5. The bi-directional optical communication method according to claim 1 , wherein two cores nearest-neighboring each other among the cores have substantially the same structure.6. A multi- ...

Apparatus for medical treatment of tissue by means of laser light

An apparatus for medical treatment by means of laser light includes an optical conducting fiber which has a curved light emission end and includes a core, a cladding arranged above the core for conducting laser light coupled into the optical conducting fiber, and capillaries arranged in the cladding, wherein the capillaries run in a longitudinal direction of the optical conducting fiber at a radial distance from a longitudinal axis of the optical conducting fiber and form a capillary ring when viewed in cross-section, wherein the capillaries have cavities which are separated by bridges which have a width which is smaller than a wavelength of the laser light, wherein the laser light emerges from a forward surface of the light emission end and is transmitted in a direction which runs transverse to a substantially straight longitudinal section located directly in front of a curvature which defines the curved light emission end.

LOW BEND LOSS OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber comprising: (I) a germania doped central core region having outer radius rand (II) a maximum relative refractive index Δand a cladding region including (i) a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r>5 microns and refractive index Δ; (ii) a and a second inner cladding region having an outer radius r>9 microns and comprising refractive index Δ; and (iii) an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region and comprising refractive index Δ, wherein Δ>Δ, Δ>Δ, and wherein 0.01%≦Δ−Δ≦0.09%, said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and 0.25≦r/r≦0.85. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', '1', '1max, 'a germania doped central core region having outer radius rand refractive index Δ, a maximum refractive index Δand an alpha (α) profile where 1≦α≦100; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '1', '2', '3', '3', '4', '1max', '4', '2', '3', '3', '4', '4', '3', '2', '3', '3', '3', '0, 'sup': 2', '2, 'a cladding region comprising (i) a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r>6 microns and refractive index Δand 0.3≦r/r≦0.85; (ii) and a second inner cladding region having an outer radius r>9 microns and comprising refractive index Δ; and (iii) an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region and comprising refractive index Δ, wherein Δ>Δ, Δ>Δ, Δ<Δ, and 0.01%≦ΔΔ−Δ≦0.09%, and 0.01%≦Δ−Δ≦0.2%, the absolute value Vof the second inner cladding region is 5%μm≦V≦40%μm, said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and has a zero dispersion wavelength, λo, and 1300 nm≦λ≦1324 nm.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein is 5%μm≦V≦20%μm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein is 5%μm≦V≦15%μm.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the second inner cladding region satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (i) it contains less than 0.02 wt % fluorine; (ii) it is essentially free of fluorine and germania.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein 0.02%≦Δ−Δ≦0.06%.6. The optical ...

LOW BEND LOSS OPTICAL FIBER

According to some embodiments a single mode fiber includes: 1. A single mode optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', '1, 'a central core region having outer radius rand relative refractive index Δ;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '1', '2', '3', '3', '4', '1', '2', '3', '3', '4, 'a cladding region comprising (i) a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r>6 microns and relative refractive index Δand 0.3≦r/r≦0.85; (ii) and a second inner cladding region having an outer radius r>9 microns and comprising a minimum relative refractive index Δ, wherein said second cladding region has at least one region with a relative refractive index delta that becomes more negative with increasing radius; and (iii) an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region and comprising relative refractive index Δ, wherein Δ>Δ>Δ, Δ<Δ.'}2. The optical fiber of wherein 0.15≦|Δ−Δ|≦0.7 and the absolute difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.03 claim 1 , the absolute value Vof the second inner cladding region is 35% Δμm≦V≦105% Δμm claim 1 , said fiber exhibits a 22m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm claim 1 , and has a zero dispersion wavelength λo and 1300 nm≦λo≦1324 nm.3. The optical fiber of wherein 0.20≦|Δ−Δ|≦0.7.4. The optical fiber of wherein 0.25≦|Δ−Δ|≦0.7.5. The optical fiber of wherein 0.35≦|Δ−Δ|≦0.7.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first inner cladding region is essentially free of fluorine and germania.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein Δ>Δfor a length extending from rto a radius of at least 30 microns.8. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein 0.33≦r/r.10. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said fiber exhibits a bend loss of less than 0.75 dB/turn when wound upon on a 20 mm radius mandrel and exhibits a MAC number between 6.6 and 7.5.11. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the width of second inner cladding region r−ris between 3 and 20 microns.12. The optical fiber of claim 10 , wherein said fiber exhibits a bend loss of less than 1 dB/turn ...

LOW BEND LOSS OPTICAL FIBER

One embodiment of a single mode optical fiber includes: 1. A single mode optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', '1', '1max', 'core', 'core, 'a graded index central core region having outer radius r, having a relative refractive index Δ, a maximum relative refractive index Δand having an alpha profile, alpha, of 0.5≦alpha≦4;'} [{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3min', '1max', '3min', '3', '3a', '3a', '2', '3', '2', '3a', '3', '3min', 't', 't, '(a) a trench region surrounding said graded index central core region and comprising a relative refractive index delta Δprofile that becomes more negative with increasing radius, said trench region having an inner radius r, an outer radius r>10 microns, and a minimum relative refractive index Δsuch that Δ>Δ, r≧r, and 0.5≦(r−r)/(r−r)≦1, where ris a distance from fiber centerline where Δfirst reaches the value Δ, said trench region having an alpha profile, alphasuch that 0.5≦alpha≦5, and'}, {'sub': 4', '3min', '4, '(b) an outer cladding region surrounding said trench region and having a relative refractive index Δ, and Δ<Δ.'}], 'a cladding region including'}2. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cladding region further comprises a first inner cladding region that has a relative refractive index delta Δand is situated between said central core region and said trench region claim 1 , such that the outer radius of said first inner cladding region equals to the inner radius rof said trench region claim 1 , and r≦10 microns claim 1 , and 0.65≦r/r<1 claim 1 , said first inner cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ; and Δ>Δ>Δ.3. The optical fiber of wherein 0.08%≦|Δ−Δ|≦0.7% and the absolute difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.03 claim 1 , the absolute value Vof the trench region is 5% Δmicrons≦V≦105% Δmicrons claim 1 , said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm claim 1 , and has a zero dispersion wavelength λo and 1300 nm≦λo≦1324 nm.4. The optical fiber of wherein 0.08%≦|Δ−Δ|≦0.25%.5 ...

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER

The present invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber having a structure to effectively reduce crosstalk between adjacent core regions among a plurality of core regions. The multi-core optical fiber () has a leakage reduction portion (), at least a portion of which is arranged at a position on a straight line connecting adjacent core regions together among a plurality of core regions (). The leakage reduction portion () reduces leakage light in the multi-core optical fiber () from each of the core regions (), thereby effectively reducing crosstalk between adjacent core regions. 17-. (canceled)8. A multi-core optical fiber , comprising:a plurality of core fiber regions in a same cross-section, each of the core fiber regions comprising a core region extending along an optical axis, and a cladding region provided on an outer periphery of the core region;a leakage reduction portion provided on a straight line connecting the core regions in the adjacent core fiber regions, among the plurality of core fiber regions, whereinthe multi-core optical fiber is a silica-based optical fiber, andthe leakage reduction portion has a refractive index profile such that a confinement factor of propagating light in a region surrounded by the leakage reduction portion is raised.9. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein claim 8 , in each of the plurality of core fiber regions claim 8 , the leakage reduction portion is formed in the cladding region claim 8 , so as to become a ring shape surrounding the core region in the same cross-section.10. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein claim 8 , among the plurality of core fiber regions claim 8 , the adjacent core fiber regions are in contact with each other claim 8 , through the leakage reduction portion.11. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein claim 8 , the core region in each of the core fiber regions allows light with a wavelength to be used to propagate in a single- ...

INTEGRATED OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE EVANSCENT FIELD SENSOR

Integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor for sensing of chemical and/or physical quantities, comprising a substrate carrying a waveguide layer structure provided with—a waveguide core layer () sandwiched between two cladding layers () formed by a lower () and a upper cladding layer (), of a lower refractive index than the waveguide core layer,—a sensing section comprising a sensing layer () included in the upper cladding layer, wherein said sensing layer is exchangeable as a separate element. 1. An integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor for sensing of chemical and/or physical quantities , comprising a substrate carrying a waveguide layer structure comprisinga waveguide core layer sandwiched between two cladding layers formed by a lower and a upper cladding layer, of a lower refractive index than the waveguide core layer,a sensing section comprising a sensing layer included in the upper cladding layer, characterized in that said sensing layer is exchangeable as a separate element.2. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide layer structure comprises a second waveguide core layer sandwiched between two second cladding layers formed by a second lower and a second upper cladding layer claim 1 , of a lower refractive index than the second waveguide core layer.3. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the sensor comprises a second sensing section comprising a second sensing layer included in said second upper cladding layer.4. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the waveguide layer structure comprises a splitter for optically splitting a common input waveguide core layer into said first and second waveguide core layers at a first junction.5. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the waveguide layer structure comprises a combiner for optically coupling said first ...

Method and apparatus for fiber delivery of high power laser beams

In various embodiments, an optical fiber includes a core having a relatively large area selected so as to raise a threshold of stimulated Raman scattering or stimulated Brillouin scattering, or both, the core having a high aspect ratio elongated cross-section and having a first refractive index. The core is narrower in a fast-axis direction and wider in a slow-axis direction, such that the fiber is mechanically flexible in the fast-axis direction and is mechanically rigid in the slow-axis direction.

Fiber amplifier system including tapered fiber bundle and combined lens and sampling grating

A fiber laser amplifier system including a beam splitter that splits a feedback beam into a plurality of fiber beams where a separate fiber beam is sent to a fiber amplifier for amplifying the fiber beam. A tapered fiber bundle couples the output ends of all of the fiber amplifiers into a combined fiber providing a combined output beam. A beam sampler samples a portion of the output beam from the tapered fiber bundle and provides a sample beam. A single mode fiber receives the sample beam from the beam sampler and provides the feedback beam.

OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, AND METHOD OF MAKING OPTICAL FIBER

Provided is an inexpensive low-loss optical fiber suitably used in an optical transmission network. An optical fiber includes a core, an optical cladding, and a jacket. The core has a relative refractive index difference between 0.2% and 0.32% and has a refractive index volume between 9%·μmand 18%·μm. The jacket has a relative refractive index difference between 0.03% and 0.20%. Glass constituting the core has a fictive temperature between 1400° C. and 1560° C. Stress remaining in the core is compressive stress. A cutoff wavelength measured on a fiber having a length of 2 m is 1300 nm or more and a cutoff wavelength measured on a fiber having a length of 100 m is 1500 nm or less. An effective area at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 110 μmor more. A attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.19 dB/km or less. 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe fictive temperature is less than or equal to 1530° C.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein a attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.178 dB/km, andwherein a attenuation at a wavelength of 1310 nm is less than or equal to 0.315 dB/km.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinstress in part of 50% or more of the cross-sectional area of the jacket in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the fiber is compressive stress.5. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of stress remaining in the core is less than or equal to 30 MPa.6. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinan increment in attenuation due to OH groups at a wavelength of 1383 nm is less than or equal to 0.02 dB/km.7. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe core contains fluorine.8. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe jacket has a higher viscosity than the core by 0.3 poise or more at a temperature of 1300° C.9. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereina change in relative refractive index difference of the core during annealing for ...

UNIFORM WHITE COLOR LIGHT DIFFUSING FIBER

Light diffusing optical fibers for use in illumination applications and which have a uniform color gradient that is angularly independent are disclosed herein along with methods for making such fibers. The light diffusing fibers are composed of a silica-based glass core that is coated with a number of layers including both a scattering layer and a phosphor layer. 1. A light diffusing fiber for emitting white light comprising:a. a core formed from a silica-based glass;b. a cladding in direct contact with the core;c. a scattering layer in direct contact with the cladding; andd. a phosphor layer surrounding and in direct contact with the scattering layer, wherein the color of the light emitted, as measured by the CIE 1931 x, y chromacity space, comprises x from about 0.20 to about 0.30 and y from about 0.25 to about 0.35.2. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein x is from about 0.23 to about 0.28 and y is from about 0.28 to about 0.33.3. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the color of the light emitted falls within the claimed CIE 1931 x claim 1 , y values for all viewing angles from about 15° to about 170° relative to the direction of the light diffusing optical fiber.4. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the light diffusing optical fiber emits light having an intensity along the fiber that does not vary by more than about 20%.5. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the scattering induced attenuation loss comprises from about 0.1 dB/m to about 50 dB/m at a wavelength of 550 nm.6. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a plurality of randomly distributed voids.7. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cladding comprises a polymer.8. The light diffusing fiber of claim 7 , wherein the polymer comprises CDC6.9. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the scattering layer comprises a polymer.10. The light diffusing fiber of claim 9 , wherein the polymer comprises CDC6.11. The light ...

UNIFORM UV EFFICIENT LIGHT DIFFUSING FIBER

Light diffusing optical fibers for use in ultraviolet illumination applications and which have a uniform color gradient that is angularly independent are disclosed herein along with methods for making such fibers. The light diffusing fibers are composed of a silica-based glass core that is coated with a number of layers including a scattering layer. 1. A light diffusing fiber for emitting ultraviolet radiation comprising:a. a core comprising a silica-based glass comprising scattering defects;b. a cladding in direct contact with the core; andc. a scattering layer in direct contact with the cladding;wherein the intensity of the emitted ultraviolet radiation does not vary by more than about 30% for all viewing angle from about 10° to about 170° relative to the direction of the light diffusing optical fiber.2. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the light diffusing optical fiber emits light having an intensity along the fiber that does not vary by more than about 20%.3. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the scattering induced attenuation loss comprises from about 0.1 dB/m to about 50 dB/m at a wavelength from about 300 nm to about 450 nm.4. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a plurality of randomly distributed voids.5. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cladding comprises a polymer.6. The light diffusing fiber of claim 5 , wherein the cladding comprises CPC6.7. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the scattering layer comprises a polymer.8. The light diffusing fiber of claim 7 , wherein the scattering layer comprises CPC6.9. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , wherein the scattering layer comprises nano- to microscale voids or microparticles or nanoparticles of a scattering material.10. The light diffusing fiber of claim 9 , wherein the microparticles or nanoparticles comprise SiOor Zr.11. The light diffusing fiber of claim 1 , further comprising a light emitting device that emits light ...

MULTICORE FIBER AND CORE PLACEMENT METHOD FOR MULTICORE FIBER

In a multicore fiber in which multiple single mode cores are stored in one optical fiber, the multicore fiber has a lattice-point arrangement in which multiple lattice points are periodically arranged two-dimensionally with translational symmetry and rotational symmetry or one of translational symmetry and rotational symmetry and, in that lattice-point arrangement, multiple cores are arranged with the lattice points of the lattice-point arrangement as reference positions. By giving different perturbations to the propagation constants of the cores, the propagation constants of the cores are each varied from the original propagation constants. Because of the variation in the propagation constants, the core-to-core coupling amount, which is dependent on the varied propagation constants, fall below a predetermined setting amount. Suppressing the coupling between homogeneous cores in this way reduces the distance between the homogeneous cores, thus increasing the core density of the multicore fiber without increasing the types of heterogeneous cores. 1. A multicore fiber in which a plurality of single mode cores are stored in one optical fiber whereinthe cores are a plurality of cores including homogeneous cores having the same propagation constant and heterogeneous cores having different propagation constants or a plurality of cores including only homogeneous cores having the same propagation constant,for the homogeneous cores, a perturbation part is provided between each homogeneous core and a homogeneous core nearest to the homogeneous core,said plurality of cores are arranged with lattice points of a lattice-point arrangement as reference positions and said perturbation part is arranged at a position shifted from the reference positions, andsaid perturbation part, located near homogeneous cores, gives different perturbations to propagation constants of the homogeneous cores to allow the propagation constants to have different values by varying the propagation ...

Polymer Waveguide for Coupling with Light Transmissible Devices and Method of Fabricating the Same

A polymer waveguide for coupling with one or more light transmissible devices, a method of fabricating a polymer waveguide for coupling with one or more light transmissible devices, and a method of coupling a polymer waveguide with one or more light transmissible devices. The polymeric waveguide comprises a grating structure. 1. A polymer waveguide for coupling with one or more light transmissible devices , wherein the polymeric waveguide comprises a grating structure.2. The polymer waveguide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polymer waveguide comprises an underclad layer claim 1 , a core layer and an overclad layer claim 1 , and the grating structure is formed at an interface between the overclad layer and the core layer claim 1 , or at an interface between the underclad and the core layer.3. The polymer waveguide as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the polymer waveguide is disposed on a substrate.4. The polymer waveguide as claimed in or claim 2 , wherein the grating structure is formed in the core layer of the polymeric waveguide.54. The polymer waveguide as claimed in any one of - claims 1 , wherein the grating structure is periodic.65. The polymer waveguide as claimed in any one of - claims 1 , wherein the periodic grating structure is corrugated.7. The polymer waveguide as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the periodic grating structure has an oscillating refractive index along a plane substantially parallel to the light transmissible devices.8. The polymer waveguide as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the substrate comprises one of a group consisting of PET claim 3 , glass claim 3 , a stainless steel foil claim 3 , a plastic sheet claim 3 , a circuitry backplane claim 3 , and a flexible substrate.98. The polymer waveguide as claimed in any one of - claims 1 , wherein the grating structure is fabricated by nano- or micro-fabrication method.10. The polymer waveguide as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the grating structure is fabricated by one of a group consisting of ...

Optical cable and method for manufacturing the optical cable

An optical cable includes an optical fiber, a primary coating coated on the optical fiber, and an outer coating coated on the primary coating. The optical cable is spiral, and can be compressed or stretched. The outer coating comprises about 40 to 70 weight percent of caoutchouc, about 20 to 50 weight percent of neoprene, about 0 to 6 weight percent of magnesium oxide, about 0 to 6 weight percent of zinc oxide, and about 0 to 6 weight percent of vulcanization accelerator.

RESIN COMPOSITION FOR FORMING OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AND OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE USING THE COMPOSITION

A resin composition for forming an optical waveguide brings together excellent bending resistance, a low refractive index, and low tackiness suitable for a roll-to-roll (R-to-R) process as a material for forming an optical waveguide, in particular, a material for forming a clad layer. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide to be used in formation of an optical waveguide includes a polyvinyl acetal compound having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1) as a main component: 2. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 1 , further comprising a photoradical polymerization initiator.3. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the resin composition is obtained by dissolving resin components in an organic solvent claim 1 , and a mixing ratio of the polyvinyl acetal compound having the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) is 20 to 80 wt % with respect to the resin components in the resin composition.4. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 2 , wherein the resin composition is obtained by dissolving resin components in an organic solvent claim 2 , and a mixing ratio of the polyvinyl acetal compound having the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) is 20 to 80 wt % with respect to the resin components in the resin composition.5. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein a cured product of the resin composition for forming an optical waveguide has a refractive index of 1.50 or less.6. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 2 , wherein a cured product of the resin composition for forming an optical waveguide has a refractive index of 1.50 or less.7. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the resin composition is used as a material for forming a clad layer of an ...

WAVEGUIDE FOR EFFICIENT LIGHT TRAPPING AND ABSORPTION

A waveguide is provided on which an electromagnetic wave impinges, the electromagnetic wave having a wavelength λ included in a given interval Δλ of interest centered on a λ. The waveguide comprises a film defining a surface on a plane on which the electromagnetic waves are apt to impinge, having a thickness in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface, the film being realized in a material having a first refractive index; a plurality of scatterers being randomly distributed in two directions in at least a portion of the surface of the film, the scatterers having a substantially constant cross section along said substantially perpendicular direction. The scatterers are realized in a material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index, wherein the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic waves is comprised between 210. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , wherein said film is a waveguide core.310. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , wherein the number of scatterers in said portion is equal or higher than 10.410. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , wherein said random distribution of said scatterers s=x/x is larger than 50%.510. The waveguide () according to claim 4 , wherein 50%≦s≦200%.610. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , wherein an absorption mean free path of the material forming said film is larger than the thickness (t) of the film.710. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , wherein the scatterers are filled with air.81011. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , wherein said scatterers () extend through the whole thickness (t) of said film.91011. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , wherein said scatterers () have a substantially circular cross section.1010. The waveguide () according to claim 1 , including an upper and a lower cladding claim 1 , said upper and lower cladding being in contact with two opposite sides of said film claim 1 , said upper and lower cladding having a first and second ...

Optical waveguide and electronic device

An optical waveguide including a first cladding layer; a core layer, including first and second core sections with cladding sections on sides thereof in the in-layer direction; and a second cladding layer. A refractive index distribution in the in-layer direction in the core layer, from the first core section to an adjacent cladding section, has a continuous change and a region with a first peak, a first dip, and a second peak in this order; the first peak at a position of the first core section, the second peak with a maximum value of refractive index smaller than of the first peak, at a position of the cladding section, and a portion, from the first cladding layer to the first core section, corresponded to a refractive index distribution in the layer-stacking direction, discontinuously changing at the boundary between the first cladding layer and first core section.

DEVICE FOR HOMOGENIZING A LASER-BEAM PROFILE

A device for homogenizing a laser-beam profile and a method for focussing and homogenizing a laser beam in laser photocoagulation for coagulating organic tissue, for example in the eye of a living organism. 1: A device for homogenizing a laser-beam profile and for focussing a laser spot , the device comprising:an optical waveguide including a fiber core,wherein an edge of a cross-section of the fiber core comprises a straight section.2: The device of claim 1 , wherein the cross-section comprises a plurality of straight sections which are linked together and form an n-angular fiber core cross-section.3: The device of claim 1 , further comprising:a microoptically active structure provided on an irradiation surface of the optical waveguide.4: The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is arranged in a specific pattern.5: The device of claim 4 , wherein the pattern comprises a loop.6: The device of claim 5 , wherein the loop has a loop size measuring 70 mm×80 mm.7: The device of claim 1 , further comprising:an external bending mechanism configured to bend the optical waveguide.8: The device of claim 7 , wherein the external bending mechanism is a mechanical vibration system comprising at least one of a spring-mass system claim 7 , magnetic drive claim 7 , connecting-rod drive claim 7 , and a piezo actuator.9: The device of claim 7 , wherein the bending mechanism is configured to bend the optical waveguide at a repetition rate of from 1 to 10 kHz.10: The device of claim 2 , wherein the straight sections form a square fiber core cross-section.11: The device of claim 5 , wherein the loop has a loop size measuring 100 mm×160 mm.12: The device of claim 8 , wherein the external bending mechanism comprises a spring-mass system.13: The device of claim 8 , wherein the external bending mechanism comprises a magnetic drive.14: The device of claim 8 , wherein the external bending mechanism comprises a connecting-rod drive.15: The device of claim 8 , wherein the external ...

Light delivery guide

A waveguide that includes a first cladding layer, the first cladding layer having an index of refraction, n 3 ; a gradient index layer positioned adjacent the first cladding layer; an assist layer positioned adjacent the gradient index layer, the assist layer having an index of refraction, n 2 ; a core layer positioned adjacent the assist layer, the core layer having an index of refraction, n 1 ; and a second cladding layer, the second cladding layer having an index of refraction, n 4 , wherein n 1 is greater than n 2 , n 3 , and n 4 ; and n 2 is greater than n 3 and n 4 .

Cylindrical Vector Beam Generation From A Multicore Optical Fiber

A multicore optical component and corresponding methods of converting a linearly or circularly polarized Gaussian beam of light into a radially or azimuthally polarized beam of light are provided. The multicore optical component comprises a plurality of birefringent, polarization maintaining elliptical cores. The elliptical cores collectively define an azimuthally varying distribution of major axes where the orientation of the major axis of a given elliptical core is given by φ=(180/N)*n+θ where n is the core number and θ is any angle greater than 0°. 2. An optical component as claimed in wherein the elliptical cores define respective optical path lengths sufficient for coherent superposition of an optical signal propagating from the input end of the optical component to the output end of the optical component;3. An optical component as claimed in wherein the elliptical cores define respective optical path lengths sufficient for the generation of azimuthally distributed polarization outputs from the elliptical cores at the output end of the optical component claim 1 , the azimuthally distributed polarization outputs producing a cylindrically symmetric amplitude and polarization state.4. An optical component as claimed in wherein each elliptical core rotates polarization as would a half waveplate.5. An optical component as claimed in wherein the elliptical cores comprise single mode elliptical cores.6. An optical component as claimed in wherein the multicore optical component comprises an optical fiber bundle.7. An optical component as claimed in wherein the multicore optical component is drawn from a fiber perform comprising a plurality of core canes.8. An optical component as claimed in wherein the core canes of the fiber perform are characterized by a cladding/core ratio of between approximately 1.5 and approximately 3.9. An optical component as claimed in wherein the respective major axes of the elliptical cores are between approximately two and approximately ...

FEW MODE OPTICAL FIBERS FOR Er DOPED AMPLIFIERS, AND AMPLIFIERS USING SUCH

According to some embodiments the optical fiber comprises: (i) a glass core doped with greater than 300 ppm of ErOand at least 0.5 wt % of AlO, with a radius Rfrom about 3 μm to about 15 μm, a relative refractive index delta Δfrom about between 0.3% to 2% relative to the glass cladding; an effective area of LP01 mode between 20 μmand 250 μmat 1550 nm, the glass core radius Rand refractive index are selected such that the core is capable of supporting the propagation and transmission of an optical signal with X number of LP modes at a wavelength of 1550 nm, wherein X is an integer greater than 1 and not greater than 20; and (ii) a glass cladding surrounding and in direct contact with the glass core. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '1', '1MAX', '1, 'sup': 2', '2, '(i) a glass core doped with greater than 300 ppm of ErOand at least 0.5 wt % of AlO, with a radius Rfrom about 3 μm to about 15 μm, a maximum relative refractive index delta Δfrom about between 0.3% to 2% relative to the glass cladding; an effective area of LP01 mode between 10 μmand 100 μmat 1550 nm, the glass core radius Rand refractive index are selected such that the core is capable of supporting the propagation and transmission of an optical signal with X number of LP modes at a wavelength of 1550 nm, wherein X is an integer greater than 1 and less than 20; and'}{'sub': 1MAX', '1MAX', '4MAX, '(ii) a glass cladding surrounding and in direct contact with the glass core, wherein the glass core comprises a maximum relative refractive index Δsuch that Δ>Δ,'}2. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '1', '1MAX, 'sup': 2', '2, '(i) a glass core doped with greater than 700 ppm of ErO, at least 0.5 wt % of AlOand 0 to 25 wt % of GeO, with a radius 3 μm≦R≦15 μm; a maximum relative refractive index delta Δfrom between 0.7 to 1.5% relatively to the glass cladding, an effective area of LP01 mode between 50 μmand 150 μmat 1550 nm, the glass core supporting the ...

Tapered optical fiber for supercontinuum generation

The invention relates to a tapered optical fiber and a method and drawing tower for producing such an optical fiber. The tapered optical fiber comprising a core region that is capable of guiding light along a longitudinal axis of said optical fiber and a cladding region surrounding said core region. The optical fiber comprises a tapered section arranged between a first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position, said tapered section comprising a first taper section having a first length, L 1 , over which the optical fiber is tapered down to a taper waist, and a second taper section having a second length, L 2 , over which said optical fiber is tapered up.

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An optical waveguide structure containing a plurality of core portions for transmitting light (L), in which adjacent core portions are arranged with substantially parallel central axes, and the optical paths of the light (L) that is transmitted through the adjacent core portions are in opposite directions, wherein each core portion has a tapered section in which the area of the cross-section in a direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis decreases gradually in the direction of the optical path of the light (L). A highly reliable electronic device containing the optical waveguide structure is also provided. 1. An optical waveguide structure comprising a plurality of core portions for transmitting light , in which adjacent core portions are arranged with substantially parallel central axes , and optical paths of the light that is transmitted through the adjacent core portions are in opposite directions , whereineach core portion has a tapered section in which an area of a cross-section in a direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis decreases gradually in a direction of the optical path.2. The optical waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein end sections at at least one end of adjacent core portions are mutually offset in a direction of the optical path.3. The optical waveguide structure according to claim 2 , wherein end sections at at least one end of adjacent core portions are mutually offset in a staggered arrangement in a direction of the optical path.4. The optical waveguide structure according claim 1 , wherein the core portions do not have an expansion section in which an area of a cross-section in a direction substantially perpendicular to a central axis increases gradually in a direction of the optical path.5. The optical waveguide structure according to claim 1 , wherein the tapered section is formed along substantially an entire length of the core portion.6. The optical waveguide structure according to claim 1 , ...

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A multi-core optical fiber includes: a plurality of core portions; and a cladding portion positioned so as to surround each of the core portions, wherein each core portion includes a center core portion that has a refractive index greater than that of the cladding portion, a second core portion that is formed so as to surround the center core portion and that has a refractive index less than that of the center core portion, and a depressed portion that is formed so as to surround the second core portion and that has a refractive index less than those of the second core portion and the cladding portion, and an interval distance between the adjacent core portions is set such that optical cross-talk between the core portions for a total length of the multi-core optical fiber is equal to or less than −30 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. 1. A multi-core optical fiber comprising:a plurality of core portions; anda cladding portion positioned so as to surround an outside of each of the core portions, whereineach of the core portions includes a center core portion that is positioned at a center of each core portion and that has a refractive index which is greater than that of the cladding portion, a second core portion that is formed so as to surround an outside of the center core portion and that has a refractive index which is less than that of the center core portion, and a depressed portion that is formed so as to surround an outside of the second core portion and that has a refractive index which is less than those of the second core portion and the cladding portion, andan interval distance between each of the core portions and another one of the core portions positioned adjacent thereto is set such that optical cross-talk between the core portions for a total length of the multi-core optical fiber is equal to or less than −30 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 μm.2. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '2', 'if a relative refractive-index difference ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL FIBER PREFORM

An optical fiber containing an alkali metal element and exhibiting low attenuation as well as excellent radiation resistance is provided. The optical fiber of the present invention has a core region and a cladding region enclosing the core region. The core region contains alkali metal elements by an average concentration of 0.2 atomic ppm or more. The attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm after irradiating with the radiation of 0.10 Gy or more of cumulative absorbed dose increases by 0.02 dB/km or less as compared with the attenuation exhibited prior to radiation exposure. 1. An optical fiber having a core region and a cladding region surrounding the core region , the core region containing an alkali metal by an average concentration of 0.2 atomic ppm or more , wherein increase in attenuation of the optical fiber at a wavelength of 1550 nm after radiation exposure with a cumulative absorbed dose of 0.10 Gy is 0.02 dB/km or less as compared with the attenuation prior to the radiation exposure.2. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe average concentration of the alkali metal in the core region is 25 atomic ppm or less.3. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe core region further contains chlorine by a minimum concentration of 300 atomic ppm or more.4. An optical fiber according to claim 3 , whereinan average concentration of the chlorine is 13,000 atomic ppm or less.5. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe alkali metal in the core region is potassium.6. An optical fiber according to claim 3 , whereinthe average concentration of the chlorine is 2,000 atomic ppm or more.7. An optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.180 dB/km or less.8. An optical fiber according to claim 3 , whereinan minimum concentration of the chlorine in the core region is 2,000 atomic ppm or more;the average concentration of the chlorine in the core region is 4,000 atomic ppm or more and 13,000 atomic ppm or ...

Techniques For Reducing Crosstalk In Multicore Fibers

An optical fiber has two or more core regions disposed within a common cladding region. Each of the core regions is configured to guide a respective light transmission comprising at least one optical mode along the length of the fiber. The cores are arranged within the common cladding region according to a core configuration that substantially prevents crosstalk between modes of neighboring cores in the fiber, in a deployment of the fiber in which cross-coupling between neighboring cores is affected by perturbations arising in the deployed fiber. 1. A multicore optical fiber , comprising:two or more core regions disposed within a common cladding region, wherein each of the core regions is configured to guide a respective light transmission comprising at least one optical mode along the length of the fiber,wherein the cores are arranged within the common cladding region according to a core configuration that results crosstalk between modes of neighboring cores in the fiber, in a deployment of the fiber in which cross-coupling between neighboring cores is affected by perturbations arising in the deployed fiber.3. The fiber of claim 2 , wherein the cores are further configured so as to result in a phase mismatch between neighboring cores that is sufficiently large so as to result in a low power spectral density.4. The fiber of claim 3 , wherein the perturbations occurring in the fiber deployment are configured to reduce crosstalk below a threshold value.5. The fiber of claim 2 , wherein the fiber deployment is configured such that claim 2 , in a fiber having a Δβ below a selected level claim 2 , the perturbations are sufficiently large so as to result in a desired crosstalk between neighboring cores.6. The fiber of claim 5 , wherein the desired crosstalk is low.7. The fiber of claim 5 , wherein the desired crosstalk is high along a specified length.8. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cores are arranged in a configuration that minimizes the probability of phase- ...

LASER LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND FIBER LASER APPARATUS USING THE SAME

The laser light emitting device includes a glass rod having an input end and an output end. The glass rod has a core provided along the central axis thereof and a cladding covering the core. The refractive index of the core on the side of the input end is higher than the refractive index of the cladding. A value given through subtraction of the refractive index of the cladding from the refractive index of the core on the side of the output end is smaller than a value given through subtraction of the refractive index of the cladding from the refractive index of the core on the side of the input end. 1. A laser light emitting device , comprising:a glass rod including an input end and an output end, the glass rod having a core provided along a central axis thereof and a cladding covering the core, whereinthe core and the cladding are adapted such that the core has a higher refractive index than the cladding on the side of the input end, and thata value given through subtraction of the refractive index of the cladding from the refractive index of the core on the side of the output end is smaller than a value given through subtraction of the refractive index of the cladding from the refractive index of the core on the side of the input end, and whereinthe refractive index of the core on the output end side is adapted to be equal to or lower than the refractive index of the cladding.2. The laser light emitting device according to claim 1 , whereinthe area in which the core has a gradually lowering refractive index is adapted to be longer than the wavelength of laser light to be input.3. A fiber laser apparatus claim 1 , comprising:an optical fiber that has a core and is configured to output laser light; and{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', '2'}], 'the laser light emitting device according to or , the laser light emitting device having a larger diameter than the core of the optical fiber, wherein'}the output end for the laser light ...

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER

A multi-core optical fiber A in which a plurality of cores can easily be identified even in the case where they are symmetrically arranged in its section has seven cores to , a visual recognition marker , and a shared cladding enclosing the seven cores to and the visual recognition marker . The cores to , the visual recognition marker , and the cladding are respectively made of silica glass as their main element. The cores to and the visual recognition marker extend along the fiber-axis direction. The respective refractive index of the cores to is higher than the refractive index of the cladding . The refractive index of the visual recognition marker differs from that of the cladding . In the cross-section perpendicular to the fiber-axis, the cores to are arranged such that they have 6-fold rotational symmetry and line symmetry. The visual recognition marker is arranged at a position which breaks such symmetry. 1. A multi-core optical fiber having a plurality of cores , a visual recognition marker , and a shared cladding enclosing the plurality of cores and the visual recognition marker , whereinthe plurality of cores, the visual recognition marker, and the cladding are respectively made of silica glass as their main element,the plurality of cores and the visual recognition marker extend along the fiber-axis direction,the refractive index of the visual recognition marker is different from the refractive index of the cladding, and whereinin the cross-section perpendicular to the fiber-axis, the plurality of cores are symmetrically arranged, and the visual recognition marker is arranged at a position that breaks such symmetry.2. A multi-core optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the refractive index of at least a part of the visual recognition marker is higher than the refractive index of the cladding.3. A multi-core optical fiber as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the normalized frequency of the visual recognition marker differs from the normalized frequency ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A NETWORK OF MICROLENSES AT THE ENDS OF A BUNDLE OF OPTICAL FIBRES, RELATED OPTICAL FIBRES AND RELATED USE

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing end microlenses of individual optical fibres which are part of a bundle or a multi-core fibre, including depositing a drop of a photopolymerisable solution on a first end of the bundle; adapting the size of the drop; applying light centred on a predetermined wavelength onto a second end of the bundle in order to selectively polymerise the drop; rinsing the first end using a methanol solution in order to obtain a network of individual optical fibres, each one of which is provided with a microlens at the first end of the multi-core fibre, the microlenses being physically separated from one another. The disclosure additionally relates to a bundle of microlensed fibres obtained by the method, as well as to the use of such a bundle, for example in medical or multiplexed imaging and/or in the coupling of optical fibres. 1. A method of manufacturing microlenses at the ends of unit optical fibres forming part of a multicore fibre , comprising:depositing a drop of photopolymerisable solution on a first end of the multicore fibre;adapting a size of the drop;illuminating a light source centred on a given wavelength at a second end of the multicore fibre such that the drop is selectively polymerized; andrinsing the first end with a solvent solution in order to obtain a network of unit optical fibres, each unit optical fibre provided with a microlens at the first end of the multicore fibre, wherein the microlenses are configured to physically separate from one another.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adapting a height of the drop according to its composition so that the height is less than a distance measured substantially along a longitudinal axis of the multicore fibre claim 1 , between the first end and a proximal surface containing intersections of light beams issuing from each unit optical fibre.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the adaptation of the size of the drop includes a ...

WAVEGUIDES HAVING PATTERNED, FLATTENED MODES

Field-flattening strands may be added to and arbitrarily positioned within a field-flattening shell to create a waveguide that supports a patterned, flattened mode. Patterning does not alter the effective index or flattened nature of the mode, but does alter the characteristics of other modes. Compared to a telecom fiber, a hexagonal pattern of strands allows for a three-fold increase in the flattened mode's area without reducing the separation between its effective index and that of its bend-coupled mode. Hexagonal strand and shell elements prove to be a reasonable approximation, and, thus, to be of practical benefit vis-à-vis fabrication, to those of circular cross section. Patterned flattened modes offer a new and valuable path to power scaling. 1. A waveguide that propagates a field-flattened preferred mode , said waveguide comprising:one or more strands, a shell that surrounds all of said one or more strands, and a cladding that surrounds said shell;wherein said shell comprises a shell refractive index structure configured to induce the field of said preferred mode to have a gradient of zero or nearly zero along the interior perimeter of said shell refractive index structure and to decay with increasing distance in said cladding; andwherein each of said one or more strands comprises a strand refractive index structure configured to induce the field of said preferred mode to have a gradient of zero or nearly zero along the exterior perimeter of said strand refractive index structure and wherein the centroid of at least one of said strands is displaced from the centroid of said shell.2. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said strand refractive index structure of at least one of said one or more strands is configured to induce said field of said preferred mode to have a gradient of zero or nearly zero along the interior perimeter of said strand refractive index structure.3. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said strand refractive index structure of at least one ...

SOLD PHOTONIC BAND GAP FIBER, FIBER MODULE USING SOLD PHOTONIC BAND GAP FIBER, FIBER AMPLIFIER, AND FIBER LASER

A solid photonic band gap fiber includes: a core area located at a central portion of a cross-section with respect to a longitudinal direction of the fiber, the core area being formed of a solid substance having a low refractive index; cladding areas having base portions formed of a solid substance having a low refractive index, the cladding areas surrounding the core area; and a plurality of fine high refractive index scatterers provided in the cladding areas, and disposed in a dispersed manner so as to surround the core area, the number of fine high refractive index scatterers being formed of a solid substance having a high refractive index, wherein in a state that the solid photonic band gap fiber is held at a predetermined bending radius, propagation in a high-order mode is suppressed by using a difference in a bending loss between a fundamental mode and the high-order mode, and only the fundamental mode is substantially propagated, the fundamental mode and the high-order mode being caused by bending. 1. A solid photonic band gap fiber comprising:a core area located at a central portion of a cross-section with respect to a longitudinal direction of the fiber, the core area being formed of a solid substance having a low refractive index;cladding areas having base portions formed of a solid substance having a low refractive index, the cladding areas surrounding the core area; anda plurality of fine high refractive index scatterers provided in the cladding areas, and disposed in a dispersed manner so as to surround the core area, the fine high refractive index scatterers being formed of a solid substance having a high refractive index,wherein in a state that the solid photonic band gap fiber is held at a predetermined bending radius, propagation in a high-order mode is suppressed by using a difference in a bending loss between a fundamental mode and the high-order mode, and only the fundamental mode is substantially propagated, the fundamental mode and the high- ...

IMAGING SYSTEM USING AND RELATED TECHNIQUES

A method and apparatus for imaging using a double-clad fiber is described. 119-. (canceled)20. A method for imaging a sample through an optical fiber having at least one core , at least one first cladding region and at least second cladding region , comprising:transmitting at least one electro-magnetic radiation through the at least one core and the at least one first cladding region of the optical fiber toward the sample; andcollecting a scattered light from the sample in the at least one core and the at least one second cladding region.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the optical fiber further comprises at least one third cladding region claim 20 , and further comprising collecting the scattered light from the sample in the second and third cladding regions of the optical fiber.22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising collecting scattered light from the sample in each of the first and second cladding regions and the at least one core of the optical fiber.23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the transmitting the at least one electro-magnetic radiation comprises: transmitting a spatially coherent light through the at least one first cladding region of the optical fiber claim 20 , and focusing the spatially coherent light onto at least one spot of at least one surface of the sample claim 20 , and wherein the collecting of the scattered light is obtained from a surface of the sample.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the transmitting the at least one electro-magnetic radiation further comprises focusing the spatially coherent light onto the at least one spot on the surface of the sample.25. An apparatus claim 23 , comprising:a transmission path arrangement which includes at least one of an optical fiber and an optical waveguide, the light transmission is configured to illuminate a sample with at least one first electro-magnetic radiation, the light transmission path arrangement including at least one core and at least one first cladding region; anda ...

Sensing systems and few-mode optical fiber for use in such systems

A sensing optical fiber comprising: a few-moded multi-segment core, said core comprising one core segment surrounded by another core segment, and at least one cladding surrounding said core; said core having an F factor (μm 2 ) of 100 μm 2 to 350 μm 2 , and is constructed to provide (i) an overlap integral between the fundamental optical guided mode and the fundamental acoustic guided mode of greater than 0.7 and (ii) the overlap integral between the LP11 optical guided mode and the fundamental acoustic guided mode at least 0.45.

Method And Arrangement for Generating A Laser Beam Having A Differing Beam Profile Characteristic By Means Of A Multi-Clad Fiber

The invention concerns a method for generating a laser beam () with different beam profile characteristics, whereby a laser beam () is coupled into one fibre end () of a multi-clad fibre (), in particular a double-clad fibre, and emitted from the other fibre end () of the multi-clad fibre () and whereby, to generate different beam profile characteristics of the output laser beam (), the input laser beam () is electively coupled either at least into the inner fibre core () of the multi-clad fibre () or at least into at least one outer ring core () of the multi-clad fibre (), as well as a corresponding arrangement (). 13. A method for generating a laser beam () with different beam profile characteristics ,characterised in that:{'b': 2', '61', '62', '1', '1', '1', '1, 'i': a', 'b, 'a laser beam (; , ) is coupled into the fibre end () of a multi-clad fibre (), in particular a double-clad fibre, and emitted from the other fibre end () of the multi-clad fibre (), and'}{'b': 3', '2', '61', '62', '4', '1', '6', '1', '61', '4', '1', '62', '6', '1, 'for the generation of different beam profile characteristics of the output laser beam (), either the input laser beam (; , ) is electively either coupled at least into the inner fibre core () of the multi-clad fibre () or at least into at least one outer ring core () of the multi-clad fibre () or, electively, a first laser beam () is coupled at least into the inner fibre core () of the multi-clad fibre () and a different, second laser beam () is coupled at least into at least one outer ring core () of the multi-clad fibre ().'}221281122. A method according to claim 1 , characterised in that claim 1 , for electively coupling of the laser beam () into the multi-clad fibre () claim 1 , relative motion takes place between the input laser beam () and the coupling-side face () of the multi-clad fibre () in a direction () transverse to the laser beam ().321281. A method according to claim 1 , characterised in that claim 1 , for ...

RESIN COMPOSITION FOR FORMATION OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE, RESIN FILM FOR FORMATION OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE WHICH COMPRISES THE RESIN COMPOSITION, AND OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE PRODUCED USING THE RESIN COMPOSITION OR THE RESIN FILM

The present invention relates to: a resin composition for forming an optical waveguide, containing (A) a polymer having a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxyl group, (B) a (meth)acrylate having a urethane bond, (C) a polyfunctional blocked isocyanate compound, and (D) a radical polymerization initiator; a resin film for forming an optical waveguide, containing the resin composition for forming an optical waveguide; and an optical waveguide containing a lower cladding layer, a core part and an upper cladding layer, at least one of which contains the resin composition for forming an optical waveguide or the resin film for forming an optical waveguide. The present invention provides a resin composition for forming an optical waveguide that can form a high precision thick film excellent in transparency, heat resistance and toughness and is useful for a resin film for forming an optical waveguide having high productivity; a resin film for an optical material containing the resin composition for forming an optical waveguide; and a resin composition for forming an optical waveguide, a resin film for forming an optical waveguide, and an optical waveguide excellent in transparency, heat resistance, environmental reliability and toughness, using the same. 1. A resin composition for forming an optical waveguide , comprising (A) a polymer having a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxyl group , (B) a (meth)acrylate having a urethane bond , (C) a polyfunctional blocked isocyanate compound , and (D) a radical polymerization initiator.4. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the component (B) contains a (meth)acrylate having a carboxyl group and a urethane bond.5. The resin composition for forming an optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the component (B) contains a compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of an alicyclic structure claim 1 , an aromatic ring structure and a heterocyclic structure in the ...

HOLEY OPTICAL FIBER WITH RANDOM PATTERN OF HOLES AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME

A random array of holes is created in an optical fiber by gas generated during fiber drawing. The gas forms bubbles which are drawn into long, microscopic holes. The gas is created by a gas generating material such as silicon nitride. Silicon nitride oxidizes to produce nitrogen oxides when heated. The gas generating material can alternatively be silicon carbide or other nitrides or carbides. The random holes can provide cladding for optical confinement when located around a fiber core. The random holes can also be present in the fiber core. The fibers can be made of silica. The present random hole fibers are particularly useful as pressure sensors since they experience a large wavelength dependant increase in optical loss when pressure or force is applied. 121-. (canceled)22. A method for making a random hole optical fiber , comprising the steps of:heating a fiber preform containing a gas generating material that generates gas bubbles when heated; anddrawing the heated fiber preform so that the bubbles are drawn into tubes.23. The method of wherein the gas generating material is silicon nitride.24. The method of wherein the gas generating material is provided in the preform in the form of a liquid precursor.25. The method of wherein the gas generating material is a nitride claim 22 , carbide claim 22 , metal nitrate or metal carbonate.26. The method of further comprising the step of supplying oxygen to the interior of the preform.27. The method of wherein the preform comprises a glass powder combined with the gas generating material.28. The method of wherein the gas bubbles are generated by oxidation of the gas generating material.2932-. (canceled)33. An optical fiber comprising:a core composed of a glass of a refractive index; anda cladding region composed of the same glass of the same refractive index, wherein the cladding region contains tubes which are random in diameter, length and radial position within the cladding region, and wherein the tubes taper on the ...

Photonic Crystal Magneto-Optical Circulator and Manufacturing Method Thereof

The invention relates to a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator, which comprises first dielectric material columns in an air background, wherein the first dielectric material columns are arranged in the form of two-dimensional square lattice. The photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator also comprises a “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide, a second dielectric material column, four same magneto-optical material columns and at least three same third dielectric material columns, wherein the “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide comprises a horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and a vertical photonic crystal waveguide which are intercrossed; the second dielectric material column is arranged at a cross-connected position of the horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and the vertical photonic crystal waveguide and has the function of light guiding; the four same magneto-optical material columns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the second dielectric material column; and at least three same third dielectric material columns.

Dispersion-Compensating System And Dispersion-Compensating Fiber with Improved Figure of Merit

A dispersion-compensating system and a dispersion-compensating fiber have an improved figure of merit and effective area. The dispersion-compensating system comprises a bulk dispersion-compensating module for providing optical-domain bulk dispersion compensation for an optical signal transmission. Additionally, the system may further comprise residual dispersion compensation, which can be performed in the electrical domain following coherent detection of both amplitude and phase of an optical signal. The dispersion-compensating fiber comprises an up-doped core region; a down-doped trench; an up-doped ring; and an outer cladding, and is configured to have a high figure of merit (FOM).

FEW MODE OPTICAL FIBERS

A few mode optical fiber comprising: 1. A few mode n optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 01', '0', '2', '0, 'sup': 2', '2, 'a. a Ge-free core having an effective area Aeff of LPmode such that 120 μmΔr; and the difference between the relative refractive index of the core Δand the outer cladding Δis |Δ−Δ|>0.05%, and'}{'sub': '11', 'wherein the relative refractive index profile of the few mode optical fiber is selected to provide attenuation of less than 0.18 dB/km at the 1550 nm wavelength, and LPcut off wavelength is greater than 1600 nm.'}2. The few mode optical fiber according to wherein the core provides a difference in effective indices between LPand LPmodes of more than 10.3. The few mode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein Aeff of LPmode is not less than 150 μmat 1550 nm.4. The few mode optical fiber according to wherein the difference in LPand LPcut off wavelengths is greater than 500 nm.5. The few mode optical fiber according to wherein the difference in LPand LPcut off wavelengths is greater than 600 nm.6. The few mode optical fiber according to wherein the difference in LPand LPcut off wavelengths is greater than 700 nm.7. The few mode optical fiber according to wherein ...

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE FORMING EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITION, CURABLE FILM FORMED FROM THE EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITION FOR FORMATION OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE, AND LIGHT TRANSMISSION FLEXIBLE PRINTED BOARD

An excellent optical waveguide forming epoxy resin composition is provided, comprising: 2. An optical waveguide forming curable film comprising the optical waveguide forming epoxy resin composition as recited in .3. A light transmission flexible printed board claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an optical waveguide including a clad and a core, at least one of the clad and core is formed by curing an optical waveguide forming epoxy resin composition as recited in .'}4. A light transmission flexible printed board claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'an optical waveguide including a clad and a core, at least one of the clad and core is formed by curing an optical waveguide forming curable film as recited in .'} 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to an optical waveguide forming epoxy resin composition to be used as a material for a cladding layer of an optical waveguide of an optical waveguide apparatus widely used for optical communications, optical information processing and other general optics.2. Description of the Related ArtOptical waveguide cladding materials for light transmission flexible printed boards are required to have high flexibility, low refractive index and excellent patternability. In designing a material satisfying such requirements, an aliphatic resin is typically selected for the lower refractive index, and a multi-functional aliphatic epoxy resin and a long-chain bi-functional aliphatic epoxy resin are blended as required to impart the material with excellent patternability (high sensitivity) and high flexibility. For a cladding material particularly required to have higher flexibility, therefore, the amount of the long-chain bi-functional aliphatic epoxy resin is inevitably increased, so that the cladding material tends to have a lower glass transition temperature Tg after being cured (see, for example, JP-A-2011-27903 and JP-A-2010-230944).In a roll-to- ...

Medical system including a flexible waveguide mechanically coupled to an actuator

In general, in one aspect, the disclosure features a system that includes a flexible waveguide having a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis and a region surrounding the core, the region being configured to guide radiation from the CO 2 laser along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide. The system also includes a handpiece attached to the waveguide, wherein the handpiece allows an operator to control the orientation of the output end to direct the radiation to a target location of a patient and the handpiece includes a tip extending past the output end that provides a minimum standoff distance between the output end and the target location.

OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL TRANSMISSION LINE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber () includes (i) an inner core () whose refractive index distribution has an a profile, (ii) an outer core () which surrounds the inner core (), and (iii) a clad () which surrounds the outer core (). In the optical fiber (), Rd is set to not less than 0.15, where Rd is a ratio of a refractive index difference between the outer core () and the clad () to a refractive index difference between a center part of the inner core () and the clad (). 1. An optical fiber comprising:an inner core whose refractive index distribution has an α profile;an outer core which surrounds the inner core; anda clad which surrounds the outer core,the optical fiber having Rd of not less than 0.15 where Rd is a ratio of a relative refractive index difference between the outer core and the clad to a relative refractive index difference between a center part of the inner core and the clad.2. The optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:Rd is not less than 0.15 but not more than 0.25.3. The optical fiber as set forth in claim 2 , wherein:Rd is not less than 0.15 but not more than 0.23.4. The optical fiber as set forth in claim 3 , wherein:the optical fiber has Ra of not more than 0.80 where Ra is a ratio of a radius of the inner core to an outer radius of the outer core.5. The optical fiber as set forth in claim 4 , wherein:Ra is not less than 0.77.6. The optical fiber as set forth in claim 5 , wherein:Ra is not less than 0.78.7. The optical fiber as set forth in claim 6 , wherein:{'b': 1', '2', '1', '1', '2, 'sup': 2', '2', '2, 'in a case where the relative refractive index difference between the center part of the inner core and the clad is Δ[%]=(n−n)/2n×100, where n represents a refractive index of the center part of the inner core, and n represents a refractive index of the clad,'}{'b': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6, '(Rd, Ra, Δ) is included in a pentahedron defined by six vertexes P (0.23, 0.78, 0.35), P (0.23, 0.80, 0.35), P (0.15, 0.78, 0.37), P (0.15, 0.80, 0.38), P ...

Multi-core optical fiber

The present invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber including a plurality of cores, in each of which an effective area at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a transmission loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a cable cutoff wavelength, and a bending loss in a bending radius of 30 mm at the wavelength of 1625 nm are set so as to increase a transmission capacity in each core in a state in which a difference of the transmission loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm between different cores is controlled to at most 0.02 dB/km or less.

Gradient-index multimode optical fibers for optical fiber connectors

A gradient-index multimode optical fiber for use as a stub fiber in an optical fiber connector is disclosed. The fiber is configured to have a minimum group index difference to minimize the adverse effects of multipath interference that can arise in a short, single-mode stub fiber that has a large group index difference. The fiber is also configured to have a mode-field diameter that is substantially the same as that of single-mode optical fibers used as stub fibers. An optical fiber connector that uses the fiber as a stub fiber is also disclosed.

Athermal Photonic Waveguide With Refractive Index Tuning

In a photonic waveguide, there is provided an undercladding layer and a waveguide core, having a cross-sectional height and width, that is disposed on the undercladding layer. The waveguide core comprises a waveguide core material having a thermo-optic coefficient. A refractive index tuning cladding layer is disposed on top of the waveguide core. The refractive index tuning cladding layer comprises a refractive index tuning cladding material having an adjustable refractive index and an absorption length at a refractive index tuning radiation wavelength. A thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer is disposed on top of the refractive index tuning cladding layer. The thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer comprises a thermo-optic coefficient compensation material having a thermo-optic coefficient that is of opposite sign to the thermo-optic coefficient of the waveguide core material. The thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer provides at least partial compensation for the waveguide core thermo-optic coefficient. 1. A photonic waveguide comprising:an undercladding layer;a waveguide core having a cross-sectional height and width disposed on the undercladding layer and comprising a waveguide core material having a thermo-optic coefficient;a refractive index tuning cladding layer disposed on top of the waveguide core and comprising a refractive index tuning cladding material having an adjustable refractive index and an absorption length at a refractive index tuning radiation wavelength; anda thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer disposed on top of the refractive index tuning cladding layer and comprising a thermo-optic coefficient compensation material having a thermo-optic coefficient that is of opposite sign to the thermo-optic coefficient of the waveguide core material and that provides at least partial compensation for the waveguide core thermo-optic coefficient.2. The photonic waveguide of wherein the refractive ...

MULTICORE FIBER

A multicore fiber includes a plurality of core elements; and a clad surrounding an outer periphery surface of each of the core elements, and each of the core elements includes a core, a first clad surrounding the outer periphery surface of the core and a second clad surrounding an outer periphery surface of the first clad, and when a refractive index of the core is n, a refractive index of the first clad is n, a refractive index of the second clad is nand a refractive index of the clad is n, all of n>n>n, n>nand n Подробнее

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER, MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER CABLE, AND MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A multi-core optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a plurality of core parts, a common cladding, and a coating. Particularly, in order to improve a spectral efficiency per unit sectional area, optical properties typified by the number of core parts, a sectional area of the entire multi-core optical fiber, the sum of power coupling coefficients to a core part n from all the other core parts, and a transmission loss, a non-linear refractive index, an effective area, and a chromatic dispersion of the core part n with the largest crosstalk from other core parts are set so as to satisfy a predetermined relation. 2. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein at least any one of the plurality of core parts comprises a microstructure comprised of a plurality of in-core-part inner cores claim 1 , and an in-core-part inner cladding integrally covering each of the plurality of in-core-part inner cores and having a refractive index lower than each of the plurality of in-core-part inner cores claim 1 , and{'sup': '−2', 'wherein a power coupling coefficient between adjacent in-core-part inner cores out of the plurality of in-core-part inner cores forming the microstructure is not less than 10[/km].'}3. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 2 , wherein the power coupling coefficient between adjacent in-core-part inner cores out of the plurality of in-core-part inner cores forming the microstructure is not less than 1 [/km].4. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 2 , wherein as to an effective area of a fundamental mode in at least any one of the plurality of core parts claim 2 , the effective area at the predetermined wavelength is not more than 87 μm.5. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein as to an effective area of a fundamental mode in at least any one of the plurality of in-core-part inner cores claim 1 , the effective area at the predetermined wavelength is not more than ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GLASS PREFORM

A method of manufacturing a glass preform is provided. The method including, vaporizing an alkali metal compound or an alkali earth metal compound and being brought the alkali metal compound or the alkali earth metal compound into contact with a hydroxyl group on a surface of porous silica glass and dehydrating the porous silica glass, and sintering the dehydrated porous silica glass and forming a transparent glass body. 1. A method of manufacturing a glass preform comprising:vaporizing an alkali metal compound or an alkali earth metal compound, being brought the alkali metal compound or the alkali earth metal compound into contact with a hydroxyl group on a surface of porous silica glass, and dehydrating the porous silica glass; andsintering the dehydrated porous silica glass and forming a transparent glass body.2. The method of manufacturing a glass preform according to claim 1 ,wherein the porous silica glass is doped with an alkali metal oxide or an alkali earth metal oxide while the porous silica glass is dehydrated.3. An optical fiber using the glass preform manufactured by the method of manufacturing a glass preform according to .4. An optical fiber using the glass preform manufactured by the method of manufacturing a glass preform according to .5. An optical fiber using the glass preform manufactured by the method of manufacturing a glass preform according to as a core.6. An optical fiber using the glass preform manufactured by the method of manufacturing a glass preform according to as a core.7. An optical fiber using the glass preform manufactured by the method of manufacturing a glass preform according to as a cladding.8. An optical fiber using the glass preform manufactured by the method of manufacturing a glass preform according to as a cladding.9. A method of manufacturing an optical fiber comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'manufacturing an optical fiber preform using the method of manufacturing a glass preform according to ; ...

OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR MEASURING OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber includes a core portion and a cladding portion that is formed around an outer periphery of the core portion and has a refractive index lower than a maximum refractive index of the core portion. As characteristics at a wavelength of 1550 nm, an effective core area in a fundamental propagation mode is 120 μmor larger, an effective core area in a first higher-order propagation mode is 150 μmor larger, an effective core area in a second higher-order propagation mode is 180 μmor larger. An effective refractive index in the second higher-order propagation mode is larger than the refractive index of the cladding portion by 0.0002 or more, and an effective refractive index in a third higher-order propagation mode is less than the refractive index of the cladding portion. 1. An optical fiber comprising:a core portion; anda cladding portion that is formed around an outer periphery of the core portion and has a refractive index lower than a maximum refractive index of the core portion, wherein{'sup': 2', '2', '2, 'as characteristics of the optical fiber at a wavelength of 1550 nm, an effective core area in a fundamental propagation mode is 120 μmor larger, an effective core area in a first higher-order propagation mode is 150 μmor larger, an effective core area in a second higher-order propagation mode is 180 μmor larger, an effective refractive index in the second higher-order propagation mode is larger than the refractive index of the cladding portion by 0.0002 or more, and an effective refractive index in a third higher-order propagation mode is less than the refractive index of the cladding portion.'}2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the effective refractive index in the second higher-order propagation mode is larger than the refractive index of the cladding portion by 0.0005 or more.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the first higher-order propagation mode is an LP11 mode.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , ...

Large Mode Area Optical Fibers With Bend Compensation

A LMA, single-mode optical fiber comprises a core region, an inner cladding region surrounding the core region, and an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region. The inner cladding region is configured to provide bend compensation. In one embodiment the index profile of the inner cladding region is graded with a slope of γn core /R b , where n core is the refractive index of the core region, R b is the bend radius, and γ=0.6-1.2. In addition, the inner cladding is annular and the ratio of its outer radius to its inner radius is greater than 2. In a preferred embodiment this ratio is greater than 3. The overall index profile may be symmetric or asymmetric.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

Provided is a method for manufacturing an optical fiber. The method includes the steps of: heating and melting a silica-based optical fiber preform in a drawing furnace; drawing the melted preform into a linear shape from the drawing furnace, continuously cooling and solidifying the preform to form a bare optical fiber; coating the bare optical fiber with a resin to form an optical fiber; and continuously taking up the optical fiber while applying a tensile force, wherein, when a surface temperature of the cooled and solidified bare optical fiber reached down to 100° C. or lower, a surface of the bare optical fiber is reheated while applying a tensile force so as to remelt only a surface layer of the bare optical fiber, and the surface layer of the bare optical fiber is re-solidified, the bare optical fiber is coated with a resin, and the tensile force is released afterward. 1. A method for manufacturing an optical fiber comprising the steps of:heating and melting a silica-based optical fiber preform in a drawing furnace;drawing the melted preform into a linear shape from the drawing furnace, continuously cooling and solidifying the preform to form a bare optical fiber;coating the bare optical fiber with a resin to form an optical fiber; andcontinuously taking up the optical fiber while applying a tensile force using a take-up machine,wherein, when a surface temperature of the cooled and solidified bare optical fiber reached down to 100° C. or lower, a surface of the bare optical fiber is reheated while applying a tensile force so as to remelt only a surface layer of the bare optical fiber, andthe surface layer of the bare optical fiber that has been remelted is re-solidified, then, the bare optical fiber is coated with a resin, and the tensile force is released afterward, thereby obtaining an optical fiber having a residual compressive stress imparted to the surface layer in the bare optical fiber portion.2. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber according ...

ULTRA SMALL CORE FIBER WITH DISPERSION TAILORING

Various embodiments of optical fiber designs and fabrication processes for ultra small core fibers (USCF) are disclosed. In some embodiments, the USCF includes a core that is at least partially surrounded by a region comprising first features. The USCF further includes a second region at least partially surrounding the first region. The second region includes second features. In an embodiment, the first features are smaller than the second features, and the second features have a filling fraction greater than about 90 percent. The first features and/or the second features may include air holes. Embodiments of the USCF may provide dispersion tailoring. Embodiments of the USCF may be used with nonlinear optical devices configured to provide, for example, a frequency comb or a supercontinuum. 1. An optical fiber capable of propagating light having a wavelength , the optical fiber comprising:a core having a diameter less than about 4 μm;a first region at least partially surrounding the core, the first region comprising a plurality of first features collectively having a first filling factor in the first region that is less than about 90 percent; anda second region at least partially surrounding the first region, the second region comprising a plurality of second features collectively having a second filling factor in the second region that is greater than about 90 percent,wherein the optical fiber is configured to control dispersion of the light and substantially confine the light to the core.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core diameter is in a range from about 1 μm to about 4 μm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first filling factor is greater than about 50%.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the first filling factor is less than the second filling factor.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , further comprising:an outer layer surrounding the second region; anda plurality of webs mechanically coupling the first region and the outer layer ...

COLORED COATED OPTICAL FIBER

The present invention provides a colored coated optical fiber which hardly has an increase in transmission loss even when immersed in water. A colored coated optical fiber according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a glass optical fiber, a primary coating layer covering the glass optical fiber, a secondary coating layer covering the primary coating layer, and a colored layer covering the secondary coating layer. A ratio of a thermal expansion coefficient of a laminate including the secondary coating layer and the colored layer covering the secondary coating layer to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.98 or more and 1.03 or less. A ratio of a glass transition temperature based on a dynamic viscoelasticity within a temperature range from −100° C. to 150° C. of the laminate to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.96 or more and 1.03 or less. 1. A colored coated optical fiber comprising:a glass optical fiber;a primary coating layer covering the glass optical fiber;a secondary coating layer covering the primary coating layer; anda colored layer covering the secondary coating layer, whereina ratio of a thermal expansion coefficient of a laminate including the secondary coating layer and the colored layer covering the secondary coating layer to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.98 or more and 1.03 or less, anda ratio of a glass transition temperature based on a dynamic viscoelasticity within a temperature range from −100° C. to 150° C. of the laminate to that of the secondary coating layer is 0.96 or more and 1.03 or less.2. An optical fiber ribbon comprising a plurality of the colored coated optical fibers according to arranged and collected using a ribbon resin. This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2011/005453, filed Sep. 28, 2011, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-261209, filed Nov. 24, 2010. The contents of the aforementioned applications are incorporated ...

Optical connector with ferrule interference fit

An optical connector for operation within a temperature range, comprising: (a) a ferrule comprising a first material having a coefficient of thermal expansion COE-1, and a diameter no greater than a diameter d1 below a transition temperature Ts within the temperature range and no less than a diameter d2 above Ts; (b) a spring disposed behind and in contact with the ferrule to apply a forward force to the ferrule; and (c) a housing comprising a second material having a coefficient of thermal expansion COE-2 and defining a bore hole having a diameter greater than d2, and an interface having a restricted bore hole having a diameter no greater than a diameter d3 below Ts, and no less than a diameter d4 above Ts, wherein connector configuration is COE-2>COE-1 with d>d3 and d2<d4 or COE-2<COE-1 with d1<d3 and d2>d4.

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber of the invention satisfies Δ>Δ>Δ>Δ, −0.15%≧Δ>Δ≧−0.7%, and 0.45≦(r−r)/(r−r)≦0.9 where the relative refractive index difference of the core is Δ, the relative refractive index difference of the internal cladding coat is Δ, the relative refractive index difference of a highest refractive index layer in the trench coating is Δ, the relative refractive index difference of a lowest refractive index layer in the trench coating is Δ, the radius of an internal edge of the trench coating is r, the radius of an external edge of the trench coating is r, and the radius of an internal edge of a highest refractive index layer in the trench coating is rand where the relative refractive index differences are based on a refractive index of the outermost cladding coat. 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': tmin', 'tmax, 'relationships −0.40%≧Δ≧−0.50% and −0.15%≧Δ≧−0.25% are satisfied in the trench coating.'}3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': tmax', 'in', 'out', 'in, 'relationship 0.7≦(r−r)/(r−r)≦0.9 is satisfied in the trench coating.'}4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': tmax', 'in', 'out', 'in, 'relationship 0.7≦(r−r)/(r−r)≦0.8 is satisfied in the trench coating.'}5. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe layer having the lowest refractive index in the trench coating configures an innermost layer of the trench coating.6. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe outermost cladding coat is formed of pure silica glass and the trench coating is formed of silica glass into which fluorine is introduced. This application is a continuation application based on a PCT Patent Application No. PCT/JP2012/067114, filed Jul. 4, 2012, whose priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-148228 filed on Jul. 4, 2011, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-102719 filed on Apr. 27, 2012, the entire content of which are hereby incorporated by reference.1. Field of the InventionThe ...

Optical fiber

An optical fiber comprising a first core, a second core, a third core, and a cladding, wherein with a refractive index of the cladding as a reference, Δ1 is a maximum value of a relative refractive index difference of the first core, Δ2 is a maximum value of a relative refractive index difference of the second core, Δ3 is a minimum value of a relative refractive index difference of the third core, “a” is a half-value radial width for the relative refractive index difference (Δ1−Δ2) of the first core, “b” is a radius of a second core/third core boundary, and “c” is a radius of a third core/cladding boundary, the expressions 0.30%≦Δ1≦0.45%, −0.05%≦Δ2≦0.05%, −0.6%≦Δ3≦−0.3%, 2.85≦b/a, 10 μm≦b≦15 μm, and 3 μm≦c−b≦5.5 μm are satisfied, and transmission loss for a wavelength of 1550 nm when the optical fiber is wound around a mandrel with a diameter of 10 mm is no greater than 0.2 dB/turn.

Method of Making a Cable Strength Member

Strength members for cable, particularly fiber optic cable, are made by a method comprising the steps of: A. Wetting a fiber, e.g., fiberglass fiber, with an aqueous polymeric dispersion to form a wetted fiber, the dispersion comprising: 1. At least one thermoplastic resin, e.g., a polyolefin; 2. At least one dispersing agent, e.g., a ethylene ethyl acrylate polymer; and 3. Water; B. Removing the water from the wetted fiber, and C. Consolidating the resin on the fiber with or without curing. 1. A method to produce a strength member for cable , the method comprising the steps of: 1. At least one thermoplastic resin;', '2. At least one dispersing agent; and', '3. Water;, 'A. Wetting a fiber with an aqueous polymeric dispersion to form a wetted fiber, the dispersion comprisingB. Removing the water from the wetted fiber, andC. Consolidating the resin on the fiber with or without curing.2. The method of in which steps (B) and (C) are performed sequentially.3. The method of in which steps (B) and (C) are performed simultaneously.4. The method of further comprising the step of applying one or more finish coatings to the fiber surface.5. The method of in which water is removed in step (B) by passing the wetted fiber through a drying oven operating at a temperature of 80° C. to 300° C.6. The method of in which the resin is consolidated in step (C) by passing the de-watered fiber of step (B) through a die heated to a temperature of at least 20° C. higher than the melting temperature of the polymer particle.7. The method of in which the dispersion has a viscosity of less than 800 mPa-s.8. The method of in which the resin is a polyolefin.9. The method of in which the dispersing agent is an ethylene/alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer.10. The method of in which the dispersion comprises at least one of an additive and filler.11. The method of in which the dispersion comprises 0.1 wt % to 65.0 wt % of thermoplastic resin claim 1 , 0.25 wt % to 35 wt % of dispersing ...

Optical fiber

In order to decrease transmission loss caused by Rayleigh scattering in an optical fiber, without negatively affecting the curvature loss, provided is an optical fiber comprising a core at a center thereof, a low refractive index layer that is adjacent to the core and covers an outer circumference of the core, and a cladding that is adjacent to the low refractive index layer and covers an outer circumference of the low refractive index layer, wherein a refractive index of the core is higher than a refractive index of the cladding, a refractive index of the low refractive index layer is lower than the refractive index of the cladding, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer decreases in a direction from an inner portion of the low refractive index layer to an outer portion of the low refractive index layer.