Optical systems for electronic devices with displays

Side Light transmitting System

Bar collimator Backlight system and method

OPTICAL APPARATUS FOR ILLUMINATING A PIXEL MATRIX AND／OR A CONTROLLABLE SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR FOR A DISPLAY

Optical member and display including the same

DISPLAY DEVICE

LIGHT DIFFUSION STRUCTURE AND BACKLIGHT UNIT INCLUDING THE SAME

Method of manufacturing optical waveguide having mirror face, and optoelectronic composite wiring board

In order to provide a method of manufacturing an optical waveguide, which enables the formation of a smooth mirror face, the following method of manufacturing an optical waveguide having a mirror face is used. The method includes: a photocurable resin sheet laminating step of laminating an uncured photocurable resin sheet for forming a core on a surface of a first cladding layer that has been formed on a substrate; a mirror face forming step of forming a mirror face for guiding light to the core by pressing a die provided with a blade having, in a cross-section, a 45° inclined plane into the photocurable resin sheet; a core forming step of forming a core having the mirror face positioned at an end thereof by selectively exposing to light, and developing, the photocurable resin sheet; and a cladding layer forming step of forming a second cladding layer so as to bury the core.

Microstructured transmission optical fiber

Microstructured optical fiber for single-moded transmission of optical signals, the optical fiber including a core region and a cladding region, the cladding region including an annular void-containing region that contains non-periodically disposed voids. The optical fiber provides single mode transmission and low bend loss.

Light-coupling optical systems and methods employing light-diffusing optical fibert

Light-coupling systems and methods that employ light-diffusing optical fiber are disclosed. The systems include a light source and a light-diffusing optical fiber optically coupled thereto. The light-diffusing optical fiber has a core, a cladding and a length. At least a portion of the core comprises randomly arranged voids configured to provide substantially spatially continuous light emission from the core and out of the cladding along at least a portion of the length. A portion of the light-diffusing optical is embedded in an index-matching layer disposed adjacent a lower surface of a transparent sheet. Light emitted by the light-diffusing optical fiber is trapped within the transparent sheet and index-matching layer by total internal reflection and is scattered out of the upper surface of the transparent sheet by at least one scattering feature thereon.

Low bend loss optical fiber

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r 2 >8 microns and refractive index Δ 2 and a second outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region having refractive index Δ 4 , wherein Δ 1 >Δ 4 >Δ 2 . The difference between Δ 4 and Δ 2 is greater than 0.002 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r 1 /r 2 is greater or equal to 0.25.

Coupled multicore fiber

A coupled multi-core fiber 10 includes a plurality of cores 11 and a clad 12 surrounding the plurality of cores 11, wherein the plurality of cores 11 are arranged in such a way that periphery surfaces of the adjacent cores 11 contact with each other, each of the cores 11 is made to have a refractive index higher than the clad 12 and includes: an outer region 16 having a predetermined thickness from the periphery surface; and an inner region 15 made to have a higher refractive index than the outer region 16 and surrounded by the outer region 16.

SPR SENSOR CELL AND SPR SENSOR

An SPR sensor cell is an SPR sensor cell including an optical waveguide to be brought into contact with a sample. The optical waveguide includes an under clad layer, a core layer provided in the under clad layer such that at least a part thereof is exposed from the under clad layer, and a metal particle layer covering the core layer exposed from the under clad layer to be brought into contact with the sample. 1. An SPR sensor cell , comprising:an optical waveguide to be brought into contact with a sample, wherein an under clad layer;', 'a core layer provided in the under clad layer such that at least a part thereof is exposed from the under clad layer; and', 'a metal particle layer covering the core layer exposed from the under clad layer to be brought into contact with the sample., 'the optical waveguide comprises2. The SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein the metal particle layer covers 15 to 60% of a surface area of the core layer exposed from the under clad layer.3. The SPR sensor cell according to claim 2 , wherein an average particle size of metal particles forming the metal particle layer is in a range of 5 to 300 nm.4. The SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide further comprises:an over clad layer formed on the under clad layer so as to surround the sample in contact with the metal particle layer.5. An SPR sensor claim 1 , comprising:an SPR sensor cell having an optical waveguide to be brought into contact with a sample, wherein an under clad layer;', 'a core layer provided in the under clad layer such that at least a part thereof is exposed from the under clad layer; and', 'a metal particle layer covering the core layer exposed from the under clad layer to be brought into contact with the sample., 'the optical waveguide comprises The present invention relates to an SPR sensor cell and an SPR sensor, and particularly to an SPR sensor cell including an optical waveguide and an SPR sensor including the SPR sensor cell. ...

Substrate-Integrated Hollow Waveguide Sensors

Methods and apparatuses are provided that greatly expand the utility of conventional hollow waveguide-based sensors via either straight, substrate-integrated channels or via meandering (e.g., circuitous, curved or folded optical paths) waveguide sensor designs. Full- or hybrid-integration of the meandering hollow waveguide with light source, detector, and light-guiding optics facilitates compact yet high-performance gas/vapor and/or liquid sensors of the substrate-integrated hollow waveguide sensor. 1. A substrate integrated hollow waveguide , comprising:at least one substrate layer; anda open portion formed in one or more layers of said at least one substrate layer, wherein a surface of said open portion is reflective to one or more predetermined wavelengths of light.2. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said open portion comprises a light input port and a light output port.3. The waveguide of claim 2 , wherein the centroid of said open portion from said light input port to said light output port is selected from the group consisting of straight claim 2 , folded and curved.4. The waveguide of claim 3 , wherein said light output port is at the same location as said light input port.5. The waveguide of claim 3 , further comprising a light source configured to provide said one or more predetermined wavelengths of light.6. The waveguide of claim 5 , further comprising means for directing said predetermined wavelengths of light into said light input port and further comprising means for directing said predetermined wavelengths out of said light output part and to said optical analyzer.7. The waveguide of claim 6 , further comprising an optical analyzer configured to analyze light that exits said light output port.8. The waveguide of claim 5 , further comprising means for scanning the wavelength of light from said light source.9. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said at least one substrate layer is rigid.10. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein said at least one ...

Large core holey fibers

Holey fibers provide optical propagation. In various embodiments, a large core holey fiber comprises a cladding region formed by large holes arranged in few layers. The number of layers or rows of holes about the large core can be used to coarse tune the leakage losses of the fundamental and higher modes of a signal, thereby allowing the non-fundamental modes to be substantially eliminated by leakage over a given length of fiber. Fine tuning of leakage losses can be performed by adjusting the hole dimension and/or spacing to yield a desired operation with a desired leakage loss of the fundamental mode. Resulting holey fibers have a large hole dimension and spacing, and thus a large core, when compared to traditional fibers and conventional fibers that propagate a single mode. Other loss mechanisms, such as bend loss and modal spacing can be utilized for selected modes of operation of holey fibers.

SINGLE MODE PROPAGATION IN FIBERS AND RODS WITH LARGE LEAKAGE CHANNELS

Various embodiments include large cores fibers that can propagate few modes or a single mode while introducing loss to higher order modes. Some of these fibers are holey fibers that comprising cladding features such as air-holes. Additional embodiments described herein include holey rods. The rods and fibers may be used in many optical systems including optical amplification systems, lasers, short pulse generators, Q-switched lasers, etc. and may be used for example for micromachining. 1. (canceled)2. An optical fiber configured to propagate at least one lower order mode having a wavelength , λ , said optical fiber comprising:a core region having a core width; anda cladding region surrounding said core region, said cladding region comprising a plurality of cladding features disposed in a matrix material, said plurality of cladding features having a maximum feature size, d, said plurality of cladding features separated by bridges having a maximum bridge width, a, said bridge comprising matrix material,wherein said core width is greater than about 25 micrometers,wherein said plurality of cladding features are arranged in no more than two layers around said core region, andwherein said maximum bridge width has a value that yields a ratio of a/λ that is at least about 5.3. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said maximum bridge width claim 2 , a claim 2 , has a value that yields a ratio of a/λ that is less than about 100.4. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said core width is less than about 300 micrometers.5. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said maximum feature size claim 2 , d claim 2 , has a value that yields a ratio of d/λ that is in a range from about 5 to 100.6. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of cladding features have an average center-to-center spacing claim 2 , Λ claim 2 , and wherein d/Λ is greater than about 0.4 and less than about 0.9.7. The optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of cladding features are ...

OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL FIBER CORD, AND OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

A trench optical fiber that stably realizes a small transmission loss includes (1) a core extending in an axial direction while containing an axial center of the fiber, the core having a diameter d of 7.0 μm to 7.4 μm; (2) a first optical cladding layer surrounding the core and having an outside diameter d of 1.67 dl to 2.5 dl; (3) a second optical cladding layer surrounding the first optical cladding layer; and (4) a jacket layer surrounding the second optical cladding layer and containing fluorine having a concentration of 0.06 wt % or higher. A relative refractive index difference Δ of the core with respect to the jacket layer is 0.31% to 0.37%. A relative refractive index difference Δ of the first optical cladding layer with respect to the jacket layer is +0.02% or larger and smaller than Δ. A relative refractive index difference Δ of the second optical cladding layer with respect to the jacket layer is −0.2% or smaller. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'b': '1', 'a core extending in an axial direction while containing an axial center of the fiber, the core having a diameter d of 7.0 μm to 7.4 μm;'}{'b': '2', 'a first optical cladding layer surrounding the core and having an outside diameter d of 1.67 dl to 2.5 dl;'}a second optical cladding layer surrounding the first optical cladding layer; anda jacket layer surrounding the second optical cladding layer and containing fluorine having a concentration of 0.06 wt % or higher,{'b': 1', '2', '1', '3, 'wherein a relative refractive index difference Δ of the core with respect to the jacket layer is 0.31% to 0.37%, a relative refractive index difference Δ of the first optical cladding layer with respect to the jacket layer is +0.02% or larger and smaller than Δ, and a relative refractive index difference Δ of the second optical cladding layer with respect to the jacket layer is −0.2% or smaller.'}2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,{'b': 1', '2, 'wherein a ratio (d/d) is 0.4 to 0.5,'}wherein a mode field ...

RADIATION-RESISTANT RARE-EARTH-DOPED OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD OF RADIATION-HARDENING A RARE-EARTH-DOPED OPTICAL FIBER

A radiation-resistant optical fiber includes at least one core and at least one first cladding surrounding the core. The core includes a phosphosilicate matrix, the core being rare-earth doped, the rare earth being chosen from erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, thulium or erbium-ytterbium of thulium-holmium codoped and the core is cerium codoped. Also described is a method for radiation-hardening an optical fiber including the core having a phosphosilicate matrix, the core being rare-earth doped, the rare earth being chosen from erbium, ytterbium, neodymium and thulium, or erbium-ytterbium or thulium-holmium codoped, and including a step of cerium codoping the core of the fiber. 21. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , characterized in that the core () is erbium doped or erbium-ytterbium codoped and in that the ratio between the erbium concentration and the cerium concentration (Er/Ce) in the fiber core is between 0.05 and 50.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , characterized in that the core is erbium-ytterbium codoped and in that the ratio of the concentrations Yb/Er in the core of the fiber is between 5 and 50.4. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , characterized in that the erbium concentration is between 100 and 1000 ppm claim 3 , the ytterbium concentration is between 500 and 10000 ppm claim 3 , the phosphorus concentration is between 2 and 10 atomic % claim 3 , and the cerium concentration is between 500 and 10000 ppm.532. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fiber comprises a second cladding () surrounding the first cladding ().61. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , characterized in that the core () further comprises hydrogen and/or fluorine.7. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fiber is a polarizing or polarization-maintaining fiber.8. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fiber is a micro-structured fiber or a photonic fiber comprising a cladding made ...

WIDE BANDWIDTH, LOW LOSS PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS

Various embodiments include photonic bandgap fibers (PBGF). Some PBGF embodiments have a hollow core (HC) and may have a square lattice (SQL). In various embodiments, SQL PBGF can have a cladding region including 2-10 layers of air-holes. In various embodiments, an HC SQL PBGF can be configured to provide a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc larger than about 0.35 and a minimum transmission loss in a range from about 70 dB/km to about 0.1 dB/km. In some embodiments, the HC SQL PBGF can be a polarization maintaining fiber. Methods of fabricating PBGF are also disclosed along with some examples of fabricated fibers. Various applications of PBGF are also described. 1. (canceled)2. A hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HC PBGF) for propagating light having a wavelength , λ , said fiber comprising:a hollow core; anda cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a plurality of regions, at least one region having a dimension, Λ, and configured such that the cladding at least partially surrounds a hole having a hole dimension, D,wherein said plurality of regions are arranged as a rectangular lattice, andwherein D/Λ is in a range from about 0.9 to about 0.995 and said HC PBGF is configured such that a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc is larger than about 0.35.3. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber of claim 2 , wherein said rectangular lattice comprises a square lattice.4. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber of claim 2 , wherein a dimension of said hollow core is in a range from about 10 μm to about 100 μm.5. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber according to claim 2 , wherein Δλ/λc is in the range from about 0.35 to about 0.85.6. The hollow core photonic bandgap fiber of claim 2 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'said cladding comprises webs and nodes of said rectangular lattice such that at least a portion of said webs have a dimension, d, and are configured as higher aspect ratio cladding material portions, and'}{'sub': '1', 'a portion of ...

PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS AND MEDICAL SYSTEMS INCLUDING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS

In general, in one aspect, the disclosure features a system that includes a flexible waveguide having a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis and a region surrounding the core, the region being configured to guide radiation from the COlaser along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide. The system also includes a handpiece attached to the waveguide, wherein the handpiece allows an operator to control the orientation of the output end to direct the radiation to a target location of a patient and the handpiece includes a tip extending past the output end that provides a minimum standoff distance between the output end and the target location. 125-. (canceled)26. A system , comprising:a waveguide including a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis, the waveguide being configured so that during operation the waveguide guides radiation along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide and delivers the radiation to a target location;a fluid source configured so that during operation of the system the fluid source delivers fluid to the hollow core of the waveguide via the input end of the waveguide;a cap positioned at the end of the waveguide and configured to block fluid exiting the output end of the waveguide from the target location; anda tube extending along the waveguide axis, the tube being configured so that during operation of the system the tube channels fluid exiting the output end of the waveguide away from the output end and away from the target location,wherein the cap comprises an exhaust port that during operation of the system provides a pathway for the fluid exiting the core to flow into the tube.27. The system of claim 26 , wherein the waveguide is a photonic crystal fiber.28. (canceled)29. The system of claim 26 , further comprising a jacket surrounding a portion of waveguide and a portion of tube.30. (canceled)31. The system of claim 26 , wherein the cap comprises a window positioned ...

HOLE-ASSISTED OPTICAL FIBER

A hole-assisted optical fiber includes a core portion and a cladding portion that includes an inner cladding layer, an outer cladding layer, and holes formed around the core portion. A diameter of the core portion is 3 μm to 9.8 μm, a relative refractive index difference of the core portion relative to the outer cladding layer is 0.11% to 0.45%, an outside diameter of the inner cladding layer is 53 μm or less, a relative refractive index difference of the inner cladding layer relative to the outer cladding layer is a negative value, −0.30% or more, a diameter of each hole is 2.4 μm to 4.0 μm, a hole occupancy rate is 17% to 48%, a bending loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm when bent at a radius of 5 mm is 1 dB/turn or less, and a cut-off wavelength is 1550 nm or less. 1. A hole-assisted optical fiber comprising:a core portion; anda cladding portion that includes an inner cladding layer formed around an outer periphery of the core portion and having a refractive index lower than that of the core portion, an outer cladding layer formed around an outer periphery of the inner cladding layer and having a refractive index higher than that of the inner cladding layer and lower than that of the core portion, and a plurality of holes formed around the core portion, whereina diameter of the core portion is in a range of 3 μm to 9.8 μm, a relative refractive index difference of the core portion relative to the outer cladding layer is in a range of 0.11% to 0.45%, an outside diameter of the inner cladding layer is equal to or less than 53 μm, a relative refractive index difference of the inner cladding layer relative to the outer cladding layer is a negative value equal to or more than −0.30%, a diameter of each of the plurality of holes is in a range of 2.4 μm to 4.0 μm, a hole occupancy rate is in a range of 17% to 48%, a bending loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm when bent at a radius of 5 mm is equal to or less than 1 dB/turn, and a cut-off wavelength is equal to or less than ...

INTEGRATED OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE EVANSCENT FIELD SENSOR

Integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor for sensing of chemical and/or physical quantities, comprising a substrate carrying a waveguide layer structure provided with—a waveguide core layer () sandwiched between two cladding layers () formed by a lower () and a upper cladding layer (), of a lower refractive index than the waveguide core layer,—a sensing section comprising a sensing layer () included in the upper cladding layer, wherein said sensing layer is exchangeable as a separate element. 1. An integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor for sensing of chemical and/or physical quantities , comprising a substrate carrying a waveguide layer structure comprisinga waveguide core layer sandwiched between two cladding layers formed by a lower and a upper cladding layer, of a lower refractive index than the waveguide core layer,a sensing section comprising a sensing layer included in the upper cladding layer, characterized in that said sensing layer is exchangeable as a separate element.2. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide layer structure comprises a second waveguide core layer sandwiched between two second cladding layers formed by a second lower and a second upper cladding layer claim 1 , of a lower refractive index than the second waveguide core layer.3. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the sensor comprises a second sensing section comprising a second sensing layer included in said second upper cladding layer.4. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the waveguide layer structure comprises a splitter for optically splitting a common input waveguide core layer into said first and second waveguide core layers at a first junction.5. The integrated optical waveguide evanescent sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the waveguide layer structure comprises a combiner for optically coupling said first ...

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER

The present invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber that can realize suppression of crosstalk on an easy and inexpensive basis. The multi-core optical fiber is provided with a plurality of core portions extending along a central axis of the fiber, a common cladding portion integrally holding the core portions inside, a coating layer surrounding the common cladding portion, and a bend applying portion. The bend applying portion, as an example, is provided on a partial region of an outer periphery of the coating layer and applies bending stress to a glass region. 1. A multi-core optical fiber comprising:a plurality of core portions extending along a central axis of the fiber;a common cladding portion integrally holding the core portions inside in a state in which the core portions are separated at predetermined intervals from each other, the common cladding portion having a refractive index lower than that of each of the core portions;a coating layer surrounding an outer periphery of the common cladding portion; anda bend applying portion provided at least either on an outer periphery of the coating layer or in the interior of the coating layer, the bend applying portion applying bending stress to a glass region including the core portions and the common cladding portion.2. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the coating layer includes a plurality of layers claim 1 , andwherein the bend applying portion is provided at an interface between neighboring layers out of the plurality of layers.3. The multi-core optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a position of the bend applying portion in a cross section of the multi-core optical fiber perpendicular to the central axis at a first point on the central axis is different from a position of the bend applying portion in a cross section of the multi-core optical fiber perpendicular to the central axis at a second point different from the first point on the central axis.4. The multi-core ...

Spot size converter, optical transmitter, optical receiver, optical transceiver, and method of manufacturing spot size converter

The spot size converter includes a first cladding layer, a first core layer and a second core layer arranged side by side on the first cladding layer so as to extend from a first end which receives/outputs light along a direction from the first end toward a second end, a third core layer which is disposed on the first cladding layer between the first and second core layers, is a member different from the first and second core layers, and extends to the second end along the direction from the first end toward the second end, and a second cladding layer disposed on the first, second, and third core layers.

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An optical waveguide has: a core layer which includes at least one core portion for transmitting a light signal and at least two side cladding portions respectively provided at lateral sides of the core portion so as to be opposed to each other; and two cladding layers respectively provided at vertical sides of the core layer. The core layer is configured to have a horizontal refractive index distribution curve W in a width direction of a cross-sectional plane of the core layer. The horizontal refractive index distribution curve W has a region including at least two local minimum values, at least one first local maximum value and at least two second local maximum values smaller than the first local maximum value. A refractive index in whole of the horizontal refractive index distribution curve W continuously varies. 1. An optical waveguide comprising:a core layer which includes at least one elongated core portion for transmitting a light signal and at least two side cladding portions respectively provided at lateral sides of the core portion so as to be opposed to each other; andtwo cladding layers respectively provided at vertical sides of the core layer,wherein each of the core portion and the side cladding portions in the core layer is constituted of an identical resin material,the core layer is configured to have a horizontal refractive index distribution curve W in a width direction of a cross-sectional plane of the core layer,the horizontal refractive index distribution curve W has a region including two local minimum values, a first local maximum value and two second local maximum values smaller than the first local maximum value,the one second local maximum value, the one local minimum value, the first local maximum value, the other local minimum value and the other second local maximum value are arranged in this order in the region, a first region defined by an interval between the one local minimum value and the other local minimum value, the first region ...

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION BODY, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION MODULE

An optical transmission body includes a substrate having a through hole penetrating therethrough in a thickness direction thereof; a cladding member at least a part of which is positioned to be filled in the through hole, and which has an optical waveguide hole which is positioned inside the through hole and penetrates through the cladding member in a thickness direction thereof and a guide hole portion which is positioned away from the optical waveguide hole and is concave in the thickness direction; and a core member disposed inside the optical waveguide hole. 1. An optical transmission body , comprising:a substrate comprising a through hole penetrating therethrough in a thickness direction thereof;a cladding member at least a part of which is positioned to be filled in the through hole,comprising an optical waveguide hole which is positioned inside the through hole and penetrates through the cladding member in a thickness direction thereofand a guide hole portion which is positioned away from the optical waveguide hole and is concave in the thickness direction; anda core member disposed inside the optical waveguide hole.2. The optical transmission body according to claim 1 ,wherein the cladding member comprises a substrate area which extends across a surface of the substrate from the through hole to overlap the substrate, and the guide hole portion is located in the substrate area.3. The optical transmission body according to claim 2 ,wherein the substrate further comprises a substrate hole portion which is concave in the thickness direction, in a part of the substrate in which the substrate area is located, andwherein a cross section of the guide hole portion is located inside a cross section of the substrate hole portion as seen in a cross-sectional view.4. The optical transmission body according to claim 3 ,wherein the substrate hole portion penetrates through the substrate in the thickness direction.5. The optical transmission body according to claim 1 , ...

Double Cladding Silicon-on-Insulator Optical Structure

A SOI optical structure is provided, including a succession of a substrate, insulator layer, patterned silicon layer and first and second cladding layer. In one embodiment the substrate is made of silicon, the insulator layer and first cladding are made of silicon oxide, and the second cladding layer is made of silicon nitride. The double cladding configuration provides both light confinement within the waveguides defined by the patterned silicon layer and optical isolation, for example from metal absorption when the optical structure is metallized. The double cladding configuration may also help reducing stresses within the optical structure. 1. A silicon-on-insulator optical structure , comprising , successively:a silicon substrate layer;a silicon oxide insulator layer;a patterned silicon layer defining a waveguiding structure;a first cladding layer having a refractive index and a thickness providing light confinement within the waveguiding structure;a second cladding layer optically isolating the waveguiding structure and made of a material different than a material of the first cladding layer; anda metallized top layer.2. The silicon-on insulator optical structure according to claim 1 , wherein the patterned silicon layer comprises a plurality of corrugations including raised and void regions claim 1 , the first cladding layer filling the void regions and covering the void and raised regions.3. The silicon-on-insulator optical structure according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguiding structure defines a plurality of waveguides forming a multimode interference coupler.4. The silicon-on-insulator optical structure according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the first cladding layer is of a same order of magnitude as a thickness of the patterned silicon layer.5. The silicon-on-insulator optical structure according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the second cladding layer has a thickness and mechanical properties reducing stresses in the silicon-on-insulator ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS RELATED TO A LAUNCH CONNECTOR PORTION OF A URETEROSCOPE LASER-ENERGY-DELIVERY DEVICE

In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an optical fiber made of a silica-based material. A proximal end portion of the optical fiber has an outer-layer portion. The proximal end portion can be included in at least a portion of a launch connector configured to receive electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus also includes a component that has a bore therethrough and can be made of a doped silica material. The bore can have an inner-layer portion heat-fused to the outer-layer portion of the optical fiber. The component can also have an index of refraction lower than an index of refraction associated with the outer-layer portion of the optical fiber. 1. An apparatus , comprising:an optical fiber being made of a silica-based material, a proximal end portion of the optical fiber having an outer-layer portion, the proximal end portion being included in at least a portion of a launch connector configured to receive electromagnetic radiation; anda component having a bore therethrough, the component being made of a doped silica material, the bore having an inner-layer portion heat-fused to the outer-layer portion of the optical fiber, the component having an index of refraction lower than an index of refraction associated with the outer-layer portion of the optical fiber.228-. (canceled) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/015,720, entitled “Optical Fiber and Termination Therefor,” filed on Dec. 21, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Embodiments relate generally to optical medical devices, and, in particular, to methods and apparatus related to a connector portion of a laser-energy-delivery device.A variety of known endoscope types can be used during a medical procedure related to, for example, a ureteroscopy or colonscopy. Some of these known endoscope types include and/or can be used with a laser-energy-delivery device configured for treatment of a target area (e.g., a tumor, a lesion, a stricture). ...

OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER

An optical transmission system includes: a multi-core optical fiber having a plurality of core portions. Signal light beams having wavelengths different from each other are caused to be input to adjacent core portions of the plurality of core portions. The adjacent core portions are the most adjacent to each other in the multi-core optical fiber. 1. An optical transmission system comprising:a multi-core optical fiber having a plurality of core portions, whereinsignal light beams having wavelengths different from each other are caused to be input to adjacent core portions of the plurality of core portions, the adjacent core portions being the most adjacent to each other in the multi-core optical fiber.2. The optical transmission system according to claim 1 , wherein wavelength division multiplexing signal light beams including the signal light beams are input to at least one of the plurality of core portions.3. The optical transmission system according to claim 1 , wherein wavelength division multiplexing signal light beams including the signal light beams having wavelengths different from each other are respectively input to the core portions claim 1 , and the wavelength division multiplexing signal light beams are included in wavelength bands different from each other.4. The optical transmission system according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when channel numbers are allocated to signal channels composing wavelength division multiplexing signal light beams claim 1 , the signal light beams having wavelengths different from each other are: a signal light beam of an odd-numbered channel; and a signal light beam of an even-numbered channel.5. The optical transmission system according to claim 1 , wherein the signal light beams having wavelengths different from each other are respectively included in wavelength bands different from each other.6. The optical transmission system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of core portions comprise a plurality of core ...

Sensing systems and few-mode optical fiber for use in such systems

A sensing optical fiber comprising: a few-moded multi-segment core, said core comprising one core segment surrounded by another core segment, and at least one cladding surrounding said core; said core having an F factor (μm 2 ) of 100 μm 2 to 350 μm 2 , and is constructed to provide (i) an overlap integral between the fundamental optical guided mode and the fundamental acoustic guided mode of greater than 0.7 and (ii) the overlap integral between the LP11 optical guided mode and the fundamental acoustic guided mode at least 0.45.

Photonic Crystal Magneto-Optical Circulator and Manufacturing Method Thereof

The invention relates to a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator, which comprises first dielectric material columns in an air background, wherein the first dielectric material columns are arranged in the form of two-dimensional square lattice. The photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator also comprises a “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide, a second dielectric material column, four same magneto-optical material columns and at least three same third dielectric material columns, wherein the “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide comprises a horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and a vertical photonic crystal waveguide which are intercrossed; the second dielectric material column is arranged at a cross-connected position of the horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and the vertical photonic crystal waveguide and has the function of light guiding; the four same magneto-optical material columns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the second dielectric material column; and at least three same third dielectric material columns.

Dispersion-Compensating System And Dispersion-Compensating Fiber with Improved Figure of Merit

A dispersion-compensating system and a dispersion-compensating fiber have an improved figure of merit and effective area. The dispersion-compensating system comprises a bulk dispersion-compensating module for providing optical-domain bulk dispersion compensation for an optical signal transmission. Additionally, the system may further comprise residual dispersion compensation, which can be performed in the electrical domain following coherent detection of both amplitude and phase of an optical signal. The dispersion-compensating fiber comprises an up-doped core region; a down-doped trench; an up-doped ring; and an outer cladding, and is configured to have a high figure of merit (FOM).

Medical system including a flexible waveguide mechanically coupled to an actuator

In general, in one aspect, the disclosure features a system that includes a flexible waveguide having a hollow core extending along a waveguide axis and a region surrounding the core, the region being configured to guide radiation from the CO 2 laser along the waveguide axis from an input end to an output end of the waveguide. The system also includes a handpiece attached to the waveguide, wherein the handpiece allows an operator to control the orientation of the output end to direct the radiation to a target location of a patient and the handpiece includes a tip extending past the output end that provides a minimum standoff distance between the output end and the target location.

Multi-core optical fiber

The present invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber including a plurality of cores, in each of which an effective area at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a transmission loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a cable cutoff wavelength, and a bending loss in a bending radius of 30 mm at the wavelength of 1625 nm are set so as to increase a transmission capacity in each core in a state in which a difference of the transmission loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm between different cores is controlled to at most 0.02 dB/km or less.

Athermal Photonic Waveguide With Refractive Index Tuning

In a photonic waveguide, there is provided an undercladding layer and a waveguide core, having a cross-sectional height and width, that is disposed on the undercladding layer. The waveguide core comprises a waveguide core material having a thermo-optic coefficient. A refractive index tuning cladding layer is disposed on top of the waveguide core. The refractive index tuning cladding layer comprises a refractive index tuning cladding material having an adjustable refractive index and an absorption length at a refractive index tuning radiation wavelength. A thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer is disposed on top of the refractive index tuning cladding layer. The thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer comprises a thermo-optic coefficient compensation material having a thermo-optic coefficient that is of opposite sign to the thermo-optic coefficient of the waveguide core material. The thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer provides at least partial compensation for the waveguide core thermo-optic coefficient. 1. A photonic waveguide comprising:an undercladding layer;a waveguide core having a cross-sectional height and width disposed on the undercladding layer and comprising a waveguide core material having a thermo-optic coefficient;a refractive index tuning cladding layer disposed on top of the waveguide core and comprising a refractive index tuning cladding material having an adjustable refractive index and an absorption length at a refractive index tuning radiation wavelength; anda thermo-optic coefficient compensation cladding layer disposed on top of the refractive index tuning cladding layer and comprising a thermo-optic coefficient compensation material having a thermo-optic coefficient that is of opposite sign to the thermo-optic coefficient of the waveguide core material and that provides at least partial compensation for the waveguide core thermo-optic coefficient.2. The photonic waveguide of wherein the refractive ...

Modular Method of Making Single Mode Optical Fibers

Described is a modular method of making an optical fiber comprising a core and a cladding configured to support and guide a fundamental transverse mode, the cladding including (i) an outer cladding having an index nless than the index nof the core, (ii) an inner cladding having an index n Подробнее

Large Mode Area Optical Fibers With Bend Compensation

A LMA, single-mode optical fiber comprises a core region, an inner cladding region surrounding the core region, and an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region. The inner cladding region is configured to provide bend compensation. In one embodiment the index profile of the inner cladding region is graded with a slope of γn core /R b , where n core is the refractive index of the core region, R b is the bend radius, and γ=0.6-1.2. In addition, the inner cladding is annular and the ratio of its outer radius to its inner radius is greater than 2. In a preferred embodiment this ratio is greater than 3. The overall index profile may be symmetric or asymmetric.

SPR SENSOR CELL AND SPR SENSOR

An SPR sensor includes an SPR sensor cell. The SPR sensor cell includes an optical waveguide to be brought into contact with a sample. The optical waveguide includes an under clad layer, a core layer provided in the under clad layer such that at least a portion thereof is exposed from the under clad layer, a metal layer covering the core layer exposed from the under clad layer, and a cover layer to be brought into contact with a sample, the cover layer covering the metal layer. The water wettability of the cover layer is higher than water wettability of the metal layer. 1. An SPR sensor cell comprising: [ an under clad layer,', 'a core layer provided in the under clad layer such that at least a part thereof is exposed from the under clad layer,', 'a metal layer covering the core layer exposed from the under clad layer, and', 'a cover layer to be brought into contact with a sample, the cover layer covering the metal layer,, 'wherein the optical waveguide comprises'}, 'wherein water wettability of the cover layer is higher than water wettability of the metal layer., 'an optical waveguide to be brought into contact with a sample,'}2. The SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cover layer comprises metal oxide.3. The SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cover layer has a contact angle with water of 20° to 80°.4. The SPR sensor cell according to claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide further comprises an over clad layer formed on the under clad layer so as to surround the sample to be in contact with the cover layer.5. An SPR sensor comprising:an SPR sensor cell comprises an optical waveguide to be brought into contact with a sample, an under clad layer,', 'a core layer provided in the under clad layer such that at least a portion thereof is exposed from the under clad layer,', 'a metal layer covering the core layer exposed from the under clad layer, and', 'a cover layer to be brought into contact with a sample, the cover layer covering the ...

Optical fiber

An optical fiber comprising a first core, a second core, a third core, and a cladding, wherein with a refractive index of the cladding as a reference, Δ1 is a maximum value of a relative refractive index difference of the first core, Δ2 is a maximum value of a relative refractive index difference of the second core, Δ3 is a minimum value of a relative refractive index difference of the third core, “a” is a half-value radial width for the relative refractive index difference (Δ1−Δ2) of the first core, “b” is a radius of a second core/third core boundary, and “c” is a radius of a third core/cladding boundary, the expressions 0.30%≦Δ1≦0.45%, −0.05%≦Δ2≦0.05%, −0.6%≦Δ3≦−0.3%, 2.85≦b/a, 10 μm≦b≦15 μm, and 3 μm≦c−b≦5.5 μm are satisfied, and transmission loss for a wavelength of 1550 nm when the optical fiber is wound around a mandrel with a diameter of 10 mm is no greater than 0.2 dB/turn.

LOW MACROBENDING LOSS SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBRE

A single-mode transmission optical fibre includes a central core region radially outwardly from a centerline to a radius rand having a positive relative refractive index Δ; a first inner cladding region extending radially outwardly from the central core to a radius rand having a negative relative refractive index Δ; a second inner cladding region extending radially outwardly from the first inner cladding region to a radius rand having a non-negative relative refractive index Δ; an intermediate cladding region extending radially outwardly from the second inner cladding region to a radius rhaving a negative relative refractive index Δlarger in absolute value than the relative refractive index Δ; and an outer cladding region extending radially outwardly from the intermediate cladding region and having a non-negative relative refractive index Δ; wherein the relative refractive index Δof the first inner cladding region is −0.1·10to −1.0·10and the relative refractive index Δof the intermediate cladding is −3.0·10to −5.0·10. 110-. (canceled)11. A single-mode transmission optical fibre comprising:{'sub': 1', '1, 'a central core region radially outwardly from a centerline to a radius rand having a positive relative refractive index Δ,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'a first inner cladding region extending radially outwardly from the central core to a radius rand having a negative relative refractive index Δ;'}{'sub': 3', '3, 'a second inner cladding region extending radially outwardly from the first inner cladding region to a radius rand having a non-negative relative refractive index Δ;'}{'sub': 4', '4', '2, 'an intermediate cladding region extending radially outwardly from the second inner cladding region to a radius rhaving a negative relative refractive index Δlarger in absolute value than the relative refractive index Δ; and'}{'sub': '5', 'an outer cladding region extending radially outwardly from the intermediate cladding region and having a non-negative relative refractive index ...

OPTICAL DEVICES INCLUDING ASSIST LAYERS

A waveguide including a first cladding layer, the first cladding layer having an index of refraction, n; an assist layer, the assist layer having an index of refraction, n, and the assist layer including ASiO, wherein A is selected from: Ta, Ti, Nb, Hf, Zr, and Y, x is from about 0.5 to about 2.0, y is from about 3.5 to about 6.5, and the atomic ratio of A/A+Si in ASiOis from about 0.2 to about 0.7; and a core layer, the core layer including a material having an index of refraction, n, wherein nis greater than nand n, and nis greater than n. 1. A waveguide comprising:{'sub': '3', 'a first cladding layer, the first cladding layer having an index of refraction, n;'}{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': {'sub': x', 'y, 'claim-text': wherein A is selected from: Ta, Ti, Nb, Hf, Zr, and Y,', 'x is from about 0.5 to about 2.0,', 'y is from about 3.5 to about 6.5, and', {'sub': x', 'y, 'the atomic ratio of A/A+Si in ASiOis from about 0.2 to about 0.7; and'}], 'the assist layer comprising ASiO,'}, 'an assist layer, the assist layer having an index of refraction, n, and'}{'sub': '1', 'a core layer, the core layer having an index of refraction, n,'}{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'wherein nis greater than nand n, and nis greater than n.'}2. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein nis from about 1.4 to about 2.1.3. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein A is Ta.4. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratio of A/A+Si in ASiOis from about 0.25 to about 0.65.5. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratio of A/A+Si in ASiOis from about 0.25 to about 0.5.6. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the assist layer is positioned between the first cladding layer and the core layer.7. The waveguide according to further comprising a second cladding layer.8. The waveguide according to claim 7 , wherein the second cladding layer is positioned adjacent the core layer opposite the assist layer.9. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the assist ...

Optical fiber

In order to decrease transmission loss caused by Rayleigh scattering in an optical fiber, without negatively affecting the curvature loss, provided is an optical fiber comprising a core at a center thereof, a low refractive index layer that is adjacent to the core and covers an outer circumference of the core, and a cladding that is adjacent to the low refractive index layer and covers an outer circumference of the low refractive index layer, wherein a refractive index of the core is higher than a refractive index of the cladding, a refractive index of the low refractive index layer is lower than the refractive index of the cladding, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer decreases in a direction from an inner portion of the low refractive index layer to an outer portion of the low refractive index layer.

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE

There are provided an optical waveguide including: a substrate a lower clad layer a core pattern with a taper in thickness direction; and an upper clad layer the lower clad layer, the core pattern, and the upper clad layer being sequentially laminated on the substrate in which the lower clad layer has a cutting part There also provided with an optical waveguide including: a substrate a lower clad layer a core pattern with a taper in thickness direction; and an upper clad layer the lower clad layer, the core pattern, and the upper clad layer being sequentially laminated on the substrate in which the lower clad layer has a dummy part on the top. These optical waveguides can secure alignment tolerance when connected with an optical element. 1. An optical waveguide comprising: a substrate; a lower clad layer; a core pattern with a taper in thickness direction; and an upper clad layer , the lower clad layer , the core pattern , and the upper clad layer being sequentially laminated on the substrate , wherein the lower clad layer has a cutting part.2. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , comprising a cutting part with an area at the thin side of the taper of the core pattern being larger than that at the thick side of the taper.3. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , comprising a cutting part in a part where no core patterns exist ahead of the tip end of the thin side of the taper of the core pattern.4. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the upper clad layer has a taper in thickness direction claim 1 , and the taper becomes thinner toward in the same direction as the thinner direction of the taper of the core pattern.5. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , comprising a dummy core in the cutting part of the lower clad layer.6. The optical waveguide according to claim 4 , wherein the upper clad layer has a taper in thickness direction claim 4 , and the taper becomes thinner toward in the opposite direction to the thinner direction of ...

WIDE BANDWIDTH, LOW LOSS PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS

Various embodiments include photonic bandgap fibers (PBGF). Some PBGF embodiments have a hollow core (HC) and may have a square lattice (SQL). In various embodiments, SQL PBGF can have a cladding region including 2-10 layers of air-holes. In various embodiments, an HC SQL PBGF can be configured to provide a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc larger than about 0.35 and a minimum transmission loss in a range from about 70 dB/km to about 0.1 dB/km. In some embodiments, the HC SQL PBGF can be a polarization maintaining fiber. Methods of fabricating PBGF are also disclosed along with some examples of fabricated fibers. Various applications of PBGF are also described. 1. A photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) for propagating light having a wavelength , λ , said fiber comprising:a core; anda cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a plurality of regions, at least one region having a dimension, Λ, and configured such that the cladding at least partially surrounds a hole having a hole dimension, D,wherein said plurality of regions are arranged as a rectangular lattice, andwherein said PBGF is configured such that a relative wavelength transmission window Δλ/λc is larger than about 0.35.2. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein said rectangular lattice comprises a square lattice.3. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein a dimension of said core is in a range from about 10 μm to about 100 μm.4. The photonic bandgap fiber according to claim 1 , wherein Δλ/λc is in the range from about 0.35 to about 0.85.5. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'said cladding comprises webs and nodes of said rectangular lattice such that at least a portion of said webs have a dimension, d, and are configured as higher aspect ratio cladding material portions, and'}{'sub': '1', 'a portion of the webs are connected to said nodes, at least a portion of said nodes having a dimension, d, and configured as lower aspect ratio cladding ...

Multicore optical fiber (variants)

The invention relates to optical fiber communications. A multicore optical fiber comprises at least two light-guiding cores made of doped fused silica with refractive indices n c1 , n c2 , n ck , each light-guiding core of the at least two light-guiding cores being surrounded by a respective arbitrarily shaped inner reflecting cladding made of fused silica or doped fused silica with refractive indices nc 11 , nc 12 , n clk , which are less than the refractive indices n c1 , n c2 , n ck of respective light-guiding cores; a continuous or intermittent barrier region made of fused silica and having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape, the barrier region being formed in the space between the inner reflecting claddings and an outer cladding of fused silica with refractive index n 0 , the barrier region having refractive index n b , which is less than the refractive index of each of the inner reflecting claddings; and an external protective coating. In another embodiment the barrier region can be formed of through holes in fused silica or doped fused silica.

BEND-INSENSITIVE OPTICAL FIBER HAVING SMALL COATING DIAMETER AND OPTICAL CABLE COMPRISING THE SAME

Provided is a bend-insensitive optical fiber including a core centered at the optical fiber, a cladding surrounding the core and having a lower refractive index than the core, a coating layer surrounding the cladding, and a region formed in the cladding and having a lower refractive index than the cladding, wherein the coating layer has a multilayered structure and a total outer diameter of 240 μm or less, and a bend-insensitive optical cable comprising the same. 1. A bend-insensitive optical fiber comprising:a core centered at the optical fiber;a cladding surrounding the core and having a lower refractive index than the core;a coating layer surrounding the cladding; anda region formed in the cladding and having a lower refractive index than the cladding,wherein the coating layer includes a primary coating layer formed on the cladding and a secondary coating layer formed on the primary coating layer and having a higher modulus than the primary coating layer, and the coating layer has a total outer diameter of 240 μm or less,the primary coating layer has a modulus of 10 MPa or less at room temperature and the secondary coating layer has a modulus of 50 to 1000 MPa at room temperature, andthe coating layer has a degree of cure of 90% or more measured by sol-gel analysis.2. A bend-insensitive optical fiber comprising:a core centered at the optical fiber;a cladding surrounding the core and having a lower refractive index than the core;a coating layer with a multilayered structure surrounding the cladding and having a total outer diameter of 240 μm or less; anda region formed in the cladding and having a lower refractive index than the cladding,wherein the optical fiber has a microbending loss of 0.02 dB/km or less at 1550 wavelength at room temperature, measured by basket weave testing,the optical fiber has a bidirectional splice loss of 0.1 dB/km or less,the optical fiber has a stress corrosion parameter (Nd) of 18 or more, andthe optical fiber has an increase in loss ...

OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL FIBER LASER AND OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIER, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber has: a core made of silica glass in which a rare earth element and aluminum have been added; an inner cladding layer that is formed around the core, is made of silica glass in which at least any one of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal has been added, and has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the core; and an outer cladding layer that is formed around the inner cladding layer and has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the inner cladding layer. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a core made of silica glass in which a rare earth element and aluminum have been added;an inner cladding layer that is formed around the core, is made of silica glass in which at least any one of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal has been added, and has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the core; andan outer cladding layer that is formed around the inner cladding layer and has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the inner cladding layer.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal or the alkali earth metal added in the inner cladding layer is at least any one of lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , and calcium.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a doping concentration of the aluminum is 2 wt % or more and 10 wt % or less claim 1 , the rare earth element is ytterbium claim 1 , and a doping concentration of the ytterbium is 0.8 wt % or more.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a relative refractive-index difference of the core with respect to the inner cladding layer is 0.1% to 0.15%.5. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the core is added with fluorine.6. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the outer cladding layer is made of a resin.7. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a relative refractive-index difference of the inner cladding layer with respect to pure silica glass is 0% to 0 ...

WAVEGUIDE ASSISTED SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING

A photovoltaic (PV) system includes a fiber optical waveguide comprising an active core that hosts material configured to absorb and emit light, a cladding layer surrounding the active core, the cladding layer being configured to allow ambient light to pass through the cladding layer, and an exit port located proximate an end of the waveguide. The PV system further comprises one or more solar cells disposed at the exit port of the waveguide. The waveguide is configured to guide light to the one or more solar cells. Another photovoltaic (PV) system includes a waveguide comprising an active cladding layer hosting material configured to absorb and emit light, and a core layer configured to confine light emitted by the active cladding layer. The PV system further includes one or more solar cells disposed proximate the waveguide. The core layer is configured to guide light to the one or more solar cells. 1232-. (canceled)233. A photovoltaic (PV) system comprising: (i) an active core hosting material configured to absorb and emit light,', '(ii) an air cladding layer surrounding the active core, the air cladding layer being configured to allow ambient light to pass through the air cladding layer, and the air cladding layer comprising a plurality of air pockets defined within the optical waveguide such that the air cladding layer comprises mostly air, and', '(iii) an outer cladding layer surrounding the air cladding layer, the outer cladding layer being configured to allow ambient light to pass through the outer cladding layer, and being further configured to serve as a protective layer, and', '(iv) an exit port located proximate an end of the waveguide; and, '(a) an optical waveguide including'}(b) one or more solar cells disposed at the exit port of the waveguide;(c) wherein the waveguide is configured to guide light to the one or more solar cells; and(d) wherein a cross-sectional area of the active core of the optical waveguide represents a majority of a cross-sectional ...

RARE EARTH DOPED AND LARGE EFFECTIVE AREA OPTICAL FIBERS FOR FIBER LASERS AND AMPLIFIERS

Various embodiments described herein include rare earth doped glass compositions that may be used in optical fiber and rods having large core sizes. Such optical fibers and rods may be employed in fiber lasers and amplifiers. The index of refraction of the glass may be substantially uniform and may be close to that of silica in some embodiments. Possible advantages to such features include reduction of formation of additional waveguides within the core, which becomes increasingly a problem with larger core sizes. 1. An optical fiber system for providing optical amplification , said optical fiber system comprising: [{'sub': 'core', 'a core having a core radius ρ and a core index of refraction n, wherein said core comprises a doped region;'}, {'sub': 1', 'c1', 'core', 'c1, 'a first cladding disposed about said core, said first cladding having an outer radius ρand an index of refraction n, said core and said first cladding having a difference in index of refraction Δn=n−n; and'}, {'sub': '1', 'a second cladding disposed about said first cladding, said first cladding and said second cladding having a difference in index of refraction Δn,'}, {'sub': 1', '1, 'wherein the first cladding radius, ρ, is greater than about 1.1ρ and less than about 2ρ, and the refractive index difference between said first cladding and said second cladding, Δn, is greater than about 1.5Δn and less than about 50Δn,'}, 'wherein said large-core optical fiber comprises a combined waveguide formed by said core and said first cladding layer, said combined waveguide configured such that a mode supported in said core has increased gain relative to a mode having substantial power in said first cladding., 'a large-core optical fiber comprising2. The optical fiber system of claim 1 , wherein said second cladding comprises holes that are configured to provide leakage channels such that said large-core optical fiber supports one or a few modes and higher order modes are leaked.3. The optical fiber system of ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

An optical fiber has an incident end on which light is incident, an emitting end from which the light is emitted, and an aperture provided in a core located at or near the emitting end. The aperture is formed by irradiating the core with an ultrashort pulsed laser beam having pulse widths of 10seconds to 10seconds. 1. An optical fiber comprising:an incident end on which light is incident;an emitting end from which the light is emitted; andan aperture provided in a core located at or near the emitting end,{'sup': −15', '−11, 'wherein the aperture is formed by irradiating the core with an ultrashort pulsed laser beam having pulse widths of 10seconds to 10seconds.'}2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture includes a light scattering region, andwherein the light scattering region is formed by inducing a damage change in part of the core through the irradiation of the ultrashort pulsed laser beam.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture includes a light absorption region, andwherein the light absorption region is formed by inducing blackening in part of the core through the irradiation of the ultrashort pulsed laser beam.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture has a disc shape, andwherein the aperture includes an opening in a center thereof so as to surround an axis line of the core.5. The optical fiber according to claim 4 , wherein the plurality of apertures are provided along the axis line of the core while separated from each other.6. The optical fiber according to claim 1 ,wherein the aperture has a cylindrical shape, andwherein the aperture includes a hollow portion so as to surround the axis line of the core.7. The optical fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the plurality of apertures are provided along a direction orthogonal to the axis line of the core while separated from each other.8. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein an optical element is provided on the emitting end side of ...

PRESSED, MULTILAYERED SILICA SOOT PREFORMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SINGLE SINTER STEP, COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX PROFILE OPTICAL FIBER

Manufacturing an optical fiber by using an outside vapor deposition technique for making a substrate, applying one or more layers to the substrate using a radial pressing technique to form a soot blank, sintering the soot blank in the presence of a gaseous refractive index-modifying dopant, and drawing the sintered soot blank, provides a more efficient and cost effective process for generating complex refractive index profiles. 1. A process for manufacturing an optical fiber having complex refractive index profile features , comprising:preparing a substrate using an outside vapor deposition technique;pressing at least one layer of silica powder over the substrate to obtain a monolithic soot blank in which the pressed layer has at least one physical property that is different from the substrate;sintering the soot blank in the presence of a gaseous dopant, whereby the pressed layer retains a different concentration of gaseous dopant than the substrate due to said difference in physical property; anddrawing the soot blank into an optical fiber.2. A process according to claim 1 , in which the gaseous dopant is selected from chlorine claim 1 , silicon tetrachloride claim 1 , silicon tetrafluoride claim 1 , sulfur hexafluoride claim 1 , and carbon tetrafluoride.3. A process according to claim 1 , in which a layer of material is applied by outside vapor deposition over the pressed layer prior to sintering.4. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising consolidating and redrawing the soot blank into a cane and subsequently pressing an additional layer onto the cane before sintering and drawing.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said preparing a substrate step comprises depositing undoped soot onto a core glass substrate and said pressing step comprises pressing said silica powder onto said deposited soot.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one physical property which is different is selected from the group consisting of surface area ...

DOUBLE CLADDING CRYSTAL FIBER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to a double cladding crystal fiber and manufacturing method thereof, in which growing an YAG or a sapphire into a single crystal fiber by LHPG method, placing the single crystal fiber into a glass capillary for inner cladding, placing the single crystal fiber together with the glass capillary for inner cladding into a glass capillary for outer cladding in unison, heating the glass capillary for inner cladding and outer cladding by the LHPG method to attach to the outside of the single crystal fiber, and thus growing into a double cladding crystal fiber. When the present invention is applied to high power laser, by using the cladding pumping scheme, the high power pumping laser is coupled to the inner cladding layer, so the problems of heat dissipation and the efficiency impairment due to energy transfer up-conversion of high power laser are mitigated. 1. A double cladding crystal fiber , comprising:a core made of a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal or a sapphire crystal;an inner cladding, made of glass, enclosing over the outside of said core; andan outer cladding, made of glass, enclosing over the outside of said inner cladding.2. The double cladding crystal fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the refractive index of said core is higher than that of said inner cladding claim 1 , while the refractive index of said inner cladding is higher than that of said outer cladding.3. The double cladding crystal fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a minimum possible diameter of said core is 20 μm.4. The double cladding crystal fiber according to claim 1 , wherein crystal of said core is doped with at least one transition metal and/or at least one rare earth element.5. The double cladding crystal fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said transition metal is Titanium claim 1 , Chromium claim 1 , or Nickel.6. The double cladding crystal fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said rare earth element is Cerium claim 1 , Praseodymium claim 1 , ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber has a core region, a cladding region and at least one spacer layer disposed between the core region and the cladding region. The core region is positively doped and has a positive refractive index with respect to the glass matrix of the optical fiber. The cladding region is negatively doped and has a refractive index of at most zero with respect to the glass matrix. The numerical aperture of the optical fiber is composed of variable proportions of the positively doped core region and the negatively doped cladding region and results from the refractive indices of both regions. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a core region;a cladding region; andat least one spacer layer disposed between the core region and the cladding region, the at least one spacer layer having a wall thickness,wherein the core region, cladding region and at least one spacer layer form a glass matrix,wherein the core region is positively doped and has a positive refractive index with respect to the glass matrix and the cladding region is negatively doped and has a refractive index of at most zero with respect to the glass matrix, andwherein the numerical aperture of the optical fiber is composed of variable proportions of the positively doped core region and the negatively doped cladding region and results from the refractive indices of both regions.2. The optical fiber of wherein the cladding region further comprises at least one trench.3. The optical fiber of wherein the core region includes a first dopant and wherein the cladding region includes a second dopant such that the optical fiber has a high numerical aperture.4. The optical fiber of wherein the spacer layer includes at least one dopant of the core region.5. The optical fiber of wherein the spacer layer includes at least one dopant of the cladding region.6. The optical fiber of wherein the spacer layer includes at least one dopant of each of the core region and the cladding region.7. The optical fiber of wherein the ...

Autostereoscopic display illumination apparatuses and autostereoscopic display devices incorporating the same

Embodiments are generally directed to autostereoscopic display device illumination apparatuses having one or more optical fibers (i.e., flexible light diffusing waveguides) as linear emitters for illuminating columns of pixels of a display panel within the autostereoscopic display device. In some embodiments, the linear emitters are defined by a single optical fiber that is arranged on a substrate in a serpentine manner to form an array of linear emitters. In some embodiments, the linear emitters are defined by several optical fibers. Illumination apparatuses of some embodiments may also include a prism device configured to create multiple images of the optical fiber(s).

D1363 BT RADIATION CURABLE PRIMARY COATINGS ON OPTICAL FIBER

Radiation curable coatings for use as a Primary Coating for optical fibers, optical fibers coated with said coatings and methods for the preparation of coated optical fibers. The radiation curable coating comprises at least one (meth)acrylate functional oligomer and a photoinitiator, wherein the urethane-(meth)acrylate oligomer CA/CR comprises (meth)acrylate groups, at least one polyol backbone and urethane groups, wherein about 15% or more of the urethane groups are derived from one or both of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, wherein at least 15% of the urethane groups are derived from a cyclic or branched aliphatic isocyanate, and wherein said (meth)acrylate functional oligomer has a number average molecular weight of from at least about 4000 g/mol to less than or equal to about 15,000 g/mol; and wherein a cured film of the radiation curable Primary Coating composition has a modulus of less than or equal to about 1.2 MPa. 120.-. (canceled)21. A wet-on-dry process for coating a glass optical fiber with a radiation curable Primary Coating , comprising(a) operating a glass drawing tower to produce a glass optical fiber;(b) applying a radiation curable Primary Coating composition onto the surface of the optical fiber;(c) applying radiation to effect curing of said radiation curable Primary Coating composition;(d) applying a secondary coating to the Primary Coating; and(e) applying radiation to effect curing of said secondary coating;wherein the radiation curable Primary Coating composition comprises at least one (meth)acrylate functional oligomer and a photoinitiator;wherein the urethane-(meth)acrylate oligomer comprises (meth)acrylate groups, at least one polyol backbone and urethane groups;wherein about 15% or more of the urethane groups are derived from one or both of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate;wherein at least 15% of the urethane groups are derived from a cyclic or branched aliphatic isocyanate;wherein said (meth)acrylate functional oligomer has a number ...

UNIVERSAL OPTICAL FIBRE WITH SUPER GAUSSIAN PROFILE

The present disclosure provides an optical fibre (). The optical fibre () includes a glass core region (). The glass core region () has a core relative refractive index profile. The core relative refractive index profile is a super Gaussian profile. In addition, the optical fibre () includes a glass cladding region () over the glass core region (). The optical fibre () has at least one of a mode field diameter in a range of 8.7 micrometers to 9.7 micrometers at wavelength of 1310 nanometers and an attenuation up to 0.18 dB/km. The optical fibre () has at least one of macro-bend loss up to 0.5 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter. The optical fibre () has a macro-bend loss up to 1.0 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter. 1100. An optical fibre () comprising:{'b': '102', 'a glass core region () having a core relative refractive index profile, wherein the core relative refractive index profile is a super gaussian profile; and'}{'b': 108', '102', '100', '100, 'a glass cladding region () over the glass core region (), wherein the optical fibre () has at least one of a mode field diameter in a range of 8.7 micrometers to 9.7 micrometers at a wavelength of 1310 nanometer and an attenuation up to 0.18 dB/km, wherein the optical fibre () has at least one of macro-bend loss up to 0.5 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter, and macro-bend loss up to 1.0 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter.'}2100100. The optical fibre () as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the optical fibre () has at least one of a zero dispersion wavelength in a range of 1300 nanometer to 1324 nanometer and a cable cut off wavelength of up to 1260 nanometer.3100104108. The optical fibre () as claimed in further comprising a buffer region () before the glass cladding region ...

Method for manufacturing preform for photonic band gap fiber, method for manufacturing photonic band gap fiber, preform for photonic band gap fiber, and photonic band gap fiber

A photonic band gap fiber 1 includes a hollow core region 10 and a band gap region 27 in a honeycomb shape surrounding the core region 10 and having a plurality of holes 21 formed in a glass body 22 . The holes 21 are surrounded by columnar glass bodies 25 disposed on three alternate apexes of a hexagon HEX and plate glass bodies 26 disposed so as to join the columnar glass bodies 25 to the other three apexes of the hexagon HEX. The columnar glass bodies 25 are disposed in a triangular lattice shape.

LOW LOSS OPTICAL FIBERS WITH FLUORINE AND CHLORINE CODOPED CORE REGIONS

A co-doped optical fiber is provided having an attenuation of less than about 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The fiber includes a core region in the fiber having a graded refractive index profile with an alpha of greater than 5. The fiber also includes a first cladding region in the fiber that surrounds the core region. Further, the core region has a relative refractive index of about −0.10% to about +0.05% compared to pure silica. In addition, the core region includes silica that is co-doped with chlorine at about 1.2% or greater by weight and fluorine between about 0.1% and about 1% by weight. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a fiber having an attenuation of less than about 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the fiber comprising:a core region in the fiber having a graded refractive index profile with an alpha of greater than 0.5; anda first cladding region in the fiber that surrounds the core region,wherein the core region comprises silica co-doped with chlorine at about 1.2% or greater by weight and fluorine between about 0.1% and about 1% by weight.2. The fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the core region has a relative refractive index claim 1 , Δ claim 1 , of about −0.20% to about +0.1% compared to pure silica.3. The fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the first cladding region comprises (a) an inner cladding region that surrounds the core region and has a relative refractive index claim 1 , Δ claim 1 , and (b) a depressed cladding region that surrounds the inner cladding region and has a relative refractive index claim 1 , Δ; the core region has a relative refractive index claim 1 , Δ; and Δ≧Δ>Δ.4. The fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the first cladding region further comprises an outer cladding region having a relative refractive index claim 3 , Δ claim 3 , and further wherein Δ>Δ.5. The fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the core region comprises silica co-doped with chlorine and fluorine claim 1 , the chlorine at about 2.5% or greater ...

OPTICAL PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Provided is an optical printed circuit board, including: a first insulating layer on which at least one receiving groove with an inclined angle on at least one end is formed; an optical waveguide which is formed in the receiving groove of the first insulating layer; and a second insulating layer which is formed on the first insulating layer and buries the optical waveguide formed in the receiving groove. 1. An optical printed circuit board , comprising:a first insulating layer on which at least one receiving groove with an inclined angle on at least one end is formed;an optical waveguide which is formed in the receiving groove of the first insulating layer; anda second insulating layer which is formed on the first insulating layer and buries the optical waveguide formed in the receiving groove.2. The optical printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is configured such that a lower clad claim 1 , a core and an upper clad are sequentially laminated.3. The optical printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is formed so that a part thereof is protruded to an upper part of the receiving groove.4. The optical printed circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the receiving groove comprises: a lower surface; and a left side surface and a right side surface which have a constant inclined angle from both ends of the lower surface and is formed to extend to an upper side claim 1 , and the constant inclined angle is any one of 45° and 135°.5. The optical printed circuit board of claim 4 , further comprising a first mirror and a second mirror which are formed on the left side surface and the right side surface of the receiving groove.6. The optical printed circuit board of claim 5 , wherein a circuit pattern is formed on at least one surface of the first insulating layer claim 5 , an optical transmitter is electrically connected to the circuit pattern formed at an upper part of the first mirror claim 5 , and an optical receiver is ...

OPTICAL FIBER WITH LARGE EFFECTIVE AREA AND LOW BENDING LOSS

An optical fiber with large effective area, low bending loss and low attenuation. The optical fiber includes a core, an inner cladding region, and an outer cladding region. The core region includes a spatially uniform updopant to minimize low Rayleigh scattering and a relative refractive index and radius configured to provide large effective area. The inner cladding region features a large trench volume to minimize bending loss. The core may be doped with Cl and the inner cladding region may be doped with F. 1. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1', 'l, 'a core region comprising Cl-doped silica glass having a chlorine concentration greater than 1.5 wt %, said core region having an outer radius rin the range from 6.0 microns to 10.0 microns and a relative refractive index A;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'an inner cladding region surrounding said core region, said inner cladding region having an outer radius rin the range from 22 microns to 38 microns and a relative refractive index Δ; and'}{'sub': 3', '3', '2, 'an outer cladding region surrounding said inner cladding region, said outer cladding region having a relative refractive index Δ, said relative refractive index Δexceeding said relative refractive index Δby at least 0.06%;'}{'sup': '2', 'wherein said optical fiber has a cable cutoff of less than 1550 nm, an effective area at 1550 nm of at least 100 micron, and a bending loss at 1550 nm, determined from a mandrel wrap test using a mandrel with a diameter of 20 mm, of less than 3.5 dB/turn.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cable cutoff is less than 1500 nm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the cable cutoff is less than 1450 nm4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core is free of Ge.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 7.0 μm to 10.0 μm.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said relative refractive index Δis in the range from 0.08% to 0.30%.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said relative ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber which comprises a core and a cladding, a primary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the glass fiber, and a secondary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the primary resin coating layer. The glass fiber is a multimode fiber having a core diameter of 40-60 μm and a cladding diameter of 90-110 μm, and the primary resin coating layer is a layer formed by curing a curable resin composition which comprises oligomers, monomers, and a reaction initiator, the curable resin composition containing a one-end-capped oligomer in an amount of 30% by mass or larger based on all the oligomers. 1. An optical fiber comprising a glass fiber which comprises a core and a cladding , a primary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the glass fiber , and a secondary resin coating layer which covers the periphery of the primary resin coating layer , whereinthe glass fiber is a multimode fiber having a core diameter of 40-60 μm and a cladding diameter of 90-110 μm, andthe primary resin coating layer is a layer formed by curing a curable resin composition which comprises oligomers, monomers, and a reaction initiator, the curable resin composition containing a one-end-capped oligomer in an amount of 30% by mass or larger based on all the oligomers.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the primary resin coating layer has a Young's modulus of 0.5 MPa or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , which has a non-strippable resin coating layer disposed between the cladding and the primary resin coating layer claim 1 , the non-strippable resin layer having an outer diameter of 122-128 μm.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the glass fiber has claim 1 , on the periphery of the core claim 1 , a trench which is a portion having a lower refractive index than the cladding claim 1 , and wherein the core has a refractive index difference of 0.7% or larger claim 1 , the trench has a ...

MULTI-CORE FIBER

A multi-core fiber () is a multi-core fiber including 10 or greater of even numbered cores and a cladding surrounding the core. In the even numbered cores, a half of cores () are disposed in such a manner that centers are located on the apexes of a regular polygon (RP) whose center is at an origin point (O) in a cladding (). In the even numbered cores, other cores () are disposed in a manner that centers are located on perpendicular bisectors (LV) of the edges of a regular polygon on the inner side of the regular polygon (RP). The other cores () are disposed in a specific range in the regular polygon (RP). 2. The multi-core fiber according to claim 1 , wherein each of the cores is surrounded by an inner cladding layer whose refractive index is lower than a refractive index of the core claim 1 , and a low refractive index layer whose average refractive index is lower than refractive indexes of the cladding and the inner cladding layer claim 1 , the low refractive index layer being surrounded by the cladding together with the inner cladding layer.3. The multi-core fiber according to claim 2 , wherein the low refractive index layer is formed of materials of a refractive index lower than the refractive indexes of the cladding and the inner cladding layer.4. The multi-core fiber according to claim 3 , wherein each of the cores is formed of pure silica.5. The multi-core fiber according to claim 2 , wherein the low refractive index layer is formed in a manner that a plurality of low refractive index portions is formed to surround the inner cladding layer in a material whose refractive index is the same as the refractive index of the cladding claim 2 , the low refractive index portion having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the inner cladding layer.6. The multi-core fiber according to claim 1 , wherein an outer diameter of the cladding is 230 μm or less. The present invention relates to a multi-core fiber that can suppress crosstalk.Presently, optical ...

COATED LOW LOSS OPTICAL FIBER WITH SMALL DIAMETER

A multi-purpose optical fiber with coating is provided. The optical fiber can function as a transmission fiber or as a coupling fiber for optical data links that features low coupling loss to silicon photonics lasers, VCSELs, single mode transmission fibers, multimode transmission fibers, and high speed receivers. The fiber includes a core, an optional inner cladding region, a depressed index cladding region, an outer cladding region, and a coating. The relative refractive index profile of the coupling fiber includes a small-radius core region with α profile and a depressed index cladding region that facilitates low bending loss and high bandwidth. The coating thickness and overall diameter of the fiber is small. 2. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said outer radius ris in the range from 13 μm to 17 μm.3. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding includes a depressed index cladding region surrounding said core region and an outer cladding region surrounding said depressed index cladding region claim 1 , said depressed index cladding region having an inner radius in the range from 10 μm to 20 μm claim 1 , an outer radius rin the range from 14 μm to 24 μm claim 1 , and a relative refractive index Δin the range from −0.8% to −0.1%.4. The multimode optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said depressed index cladding region has an inner radius in the range from 13 μm to 18 μm.5. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said effective modal bandwidth at 1310 nm is at least 4 GHz-km.6. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said multimode optical fiber has a mode field diameter for the LP01 mode at 1310 nm between 8.8 μm and 9.6 μm.7. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding has an outer radius rin the range from 35 μm to 45 μm.8. The multimode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said coating has an outer radius rless than 90 μm.13. The optical data link of claim 12 , wherein said light source is a ...

Plastic optical fiber, plastic optical fiber cable, wire harness and vehicle

There is provided a plastic optical fiber including a core and at least one layer of a clad formed on an outer circumferential surface of the core, wherein a transmission band is 100 MHz or wider, as measured under conditions of a wavelength of 650 nm and a launch NA=0.65; and a transmission loss is 350 dB/km or less, as measured under conditions of a wavelength of 650 nm and a launch NA=0.1, after exposure to an environment of a temperature of 105° C. for 1000 hours.

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER

An MCF according to one embodiment simultaneously achieves excellent economic rationality and high compatibility in short-distance optical transmission. The MCF includes a plurality of core portions, a common cladding, and a resin coating. Each of the core portions includes a core, an inner cladding, and a trench layer. At least four core portions arranged on a straight line have substantially the same relative refractive index difference between the core and the inner cladding. The refractive index profile of a first core portion and a second core portion adjacent to each other among the four core portions has a shape in which the refractive index of the inner cladding is offset with respect to the refractive index of the common cladding so that the magnitude relationship of the refractive index between the inner cladding and the common cladding is reversed. 1. A multi-core optical fiber comprising:a plurality of core portions extending along a central axis, each of the core portions including a core extending along the central axis, an inner cladding surrounding an outer periphery of the core, and a trench layer surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the inner cladding;a common cladding surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the trench layer of each of the plurality of core portions and having an outer diameter of 124 μm or more and 181 μm or less; anda resin coating having an outer diameter of 195 μm or more and 250 μm or less while surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the common cladding,wherein the multi-core optical fiber includes a linear array group constituted by at least four core portions, each of the four core portions having a core center being located on a straight line defined on a cross section of the multi-core optical fiber, the cross section being orthogonal to the central axis,each of the four core portions constituting the linear array group has a refractive index profile in which at least a relative refractive index difference ...

Multicore optical fiber and multicore optical fiber cable

An MCF cable according to an embodiment contains a plurality of MCFs each including at least one coupled core group and a common cladding. Λ is set such that κ at a wavelength of 1550 nm is falls within a range of from 1×10−1 [m−1] to 1×103 [m−1], and ((3ACavg)/(2-K) or (βΛCf)/(2κ) is set in a specific range in a wavelength band of from 1530 nm to 1625 nm, where Cavg [m−1], Cf [m−1], and ftwist [turn/m] represent the average curvature, the pseudo-curvature, and the average torsion, respectively, for each MCF, and κ [m−1], β [m−1], and Λ [m] represent the coefficient of mode coupling between adjacent cores, the average of propagation constants, and the core center-to-center distance, respectively.

Optical fibers having a varying clad index and methods of forming same

An optical fiber with low attenuation and methods of making same are disclosed. The optical fiber has a core, an inner cladding surround the core, and an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding. The outer cladding is chlorine-doped such that the relative refractive index varies as a function of radius. The radially varying relative refractive index profile of the outer cladding reduces excess stress in the core and inner cladding, which helps lower fiber attenuation while also reducing macrobend and microbend loss. A process of fabricating the optical fiber includes doping an overclad soot layer of a soot preform with chlorine and then removing a portion of the chlorine dopant from an outermost region of the overclad soot layer. The soot preform with the modified chlorine dopant profile is then sintered to form a glass preform, which can then be used for drawing the optical fiber.

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AND OPTICAL CIRCUIT BOARD

An optical waveguide includes a laminate including a lower cladding, a core on the lower cladding, and an upper cladding positioned on the lower cladding and covering the core, via holes positioned in the laminate in a spaced opposing relation to each other, a cavity positioned over a span from an upper surface of the upper cladding to the lower cladding, the cavity including a sectional surface sectioning the core obliquely relative to the upper surface of the upper cladding, and a reflective surface positioned in the core and defined by part of the sectional surface, wherein the cavity extends from a region between the via holes in the spaced opposing relation toward the outside of the region, and an opening size of the cavity in the region is smaller than an opening size of the cavity outside the region when viewed in an opposing direction of the via holes. 1. An optical waveguide comprising:a laminate including a lower cladding, a core on the lower cladding, and an upper cladding positioned on the lower cladding and covering the core;via holes positioned in the laminate in a spaced opposing relation to each other;a cavity positioned over a span from an upper surface of the upper cladding to the lower cladding, the cavity including a sectional surface sectioning the core obliquely relative to the upper surface of the upper cladding; anda reflective surface positioned in the core and defined by part of the sectional surface,wherein the cavity extends from a region between the via holes in the spaced opposing relation toward outside of the region, andan opening size of the cavity in the region is smaller than an opening size of the cavity outside the region when viewed in an opposing direction of the via holes.2. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein an opening of the cavity has a triangular shape with one of three apexes being positioned in the region.3. The optical waveguide according to claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , outside the region claim 2 , a ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber includes a glass portion, a primary coating layer, and a secondary coating layer. In the optical fiber, a value of microbend loss characteristic factor Fis 2.6 ([GPa·μm·dB/turn]·10) or less, when represented by 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the value of the microbend loss characteristic factor is 1.3 ([GPa·μm·dB/turn]·10) or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a coating thickness of a sum of the thickness of the primary coating layer and the thickness of the secondary coating layer is 42.0 μm or less.4. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 38.0 μm or less.5. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 36.5 μm or less.6. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 34.5 μm or less.7. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the coating thickness is 34.0 μm or less.8. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 65 μm or more and 100 μm or less.9. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 90 μm or less.10. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 80 μm or less.11. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 75 μm or less.12. The optical fiber according to claim 8 , wherein the outside diameter of the glass portion is 70 μm or less.13. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the mode field diameter of light having a wavelength of 1310 nm is 7.6 μm or more and 8.7 μm or less claim 3 , the cable cutoff wavelength is 1260 nm or less claim 3 , zero dispersion wavelength is 1300 nm or more and 1324 nm or less claim 3 , and zero dispersion slope is 0.073 ps/km/nm or more and 0.092 ps/km/nm or less.14. The optical fiber according to claim 13 , wherein the macrobend loss of light having a wavelength of 1625 ...

OPTICAL FIBERS, METHODS OF THEIR FORMATION, AND METHODS OF THEIR USE

An example of an optical fiber includes an attenuating cladding disposed around a first waveguide (e.g., a core) and a waveguide (e.g., a waveguide cladding) disposed around the attenuating cladding. An attenuating cladding may be a doped layer that may be doped with, for example, a dopant comprising metal. A first waveguide and a second waveguide may each transmit light for a distinct sample characterization technique. An example of an optical fiber includes a core, a first intermediate cladding disposed around the core, an attenuating cladding disposed around the first intermediate cladding, an attenuating cladding disposed around the first intermediate cladding, a second intermediate cladding disposed around the attenuating cladding, a waveguide cladding disposed around the second intermediate cladding, and outer cladding disposed around the waveguide cladding, and an outer coating around the outer cladding. An optical fiber may be formed using a rod-in-tube process. 1. An optical fiber (e.g. , a characterization fiber) comprising a first waveguide (e.g. , a core) , an attenuating cladding disposed around the first waveguide , and a second waveguide (e.g. , a waveguide cladding) disposed around the attenuating cladding.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the attenuating cladding comprises a dopant.3. The optical fiber of or claim 1 , wherein the attenuating cladding comprises a glass claim 1 , wherein the dopant is dispersed within the glass.4. The optical fiber of or claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises a metal.5. The optical fiber of claim 4 , wherein the dopant comprises a metallic oxide or a metallic chloride.6. The optical fiber of claim 5 , wherein the dopant is a pure metal.7. The optical fiber of or claim 5 , wherein the dopant comprises boron.8. The optical fiber of or claim 5 , wherein the dopant comprises one or more Rayleigh scatterers.9. The optical fiber of any one of the preceding claims claim 5 , wherein the attenuating cladding is opaque. ...

CONCENTRIC FIBER FOR SPACE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND METHOD OF USE

A space-division multiplexed optical fiber includes a relatively high refractive index optical core region surrounded by alternating regions of relatively low and relative high refractive index material, forming concentric high index rings around the core. The optical core region supports propagation of light along at least a first radial mode associated with the optical core region and a high index ring region supports propagation of light along at least a second radial mode associated with the high index ring region. The second radial mode is different from the first radial mode. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a relatively high refractive index optical core region formed of material having a first refractive index;a first low index region surrounding the optical core region and formed from a material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index;a first high index ring region surrounding the first low index region and formed of a material having a third refractive index higher than the second refractive index; anda second low index region surrounding the first high index region and formed from a material having a fourth refractive index lower than the third refractive index;wherein the optical core region supports propagation of light along at least a first radial mode associated with the optical core region and the first high index ring region supports propagation of light along at least a second radial mode associated with the first high index ring region, the second radial mode being different from the first radial mode.2. An optical fiber as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first refractive index is substantially equal to the third refractive index.3. An optical fiber as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first refractive index is greater than the third refractive index.4. An optical fiber as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second refractive index is substantially equal to the fourth refractive index.5. An optical fiber as recited in ...

LOW CROSS-TALK MULTICORE OPTICAL FIBER FOR SINGLE MODE OPERATION

A multicore optical fiber comprises a common cladding and a plurality of core portions disposed in the common cladding. Each of the core portions includes a central axis, a core region extending from the central axis to a radius r, the core region comprising a relative refractive index Δ, an inner cladding region extending from the radius rto a radius r, the inner cladding region comprising a relative refractive index Δ, and a depressed cladding extending from the radius rto a radius r, the depressed cladding region comprising a relative refractive index Δand a minimum relative refractive index Δ. The relative refractive indexes may satisfy Δ>Δ>Δ. The mode field diameter of each core portion may greater than or equal to 8.2 μm and less than or equal to 9.5 μm. 1. A multicore optical fiber comprising:a common cladding; and a central axis;', {'sub': 1', '1, 'a core region extending from the central axis to a radius r, the core region comprising a relative refractive index Δrelative to pure silica;'}, {'sub': 1', '2', '2, 'an inner cladding region encircling and directly contacting the core region and extending from the radius rto a radius r, the inner cladding region comprising a relative refractive index Δrelative to pure silica; and'}, {'sub': 2', '3', '3', '3, 'a depressed cladding region encircling and directly contacting the inner cladding region and extending from the radius rto a radius r, the depressed cladding region comprising a relative refractive index Δrelative to pure silica and a minimum relative refractive index Δmin relative to pure silica,'}, [{'sub': 1', '2', '3 min, 'Δ>Δ>Δ;'}, 'the mode field diameter of each core portion is greater than or equal to 8.2 μm and less than or equal to 9.5 μm at a 1310 nm wavelength; and', 'the zero dispersion wavelength of each core portion is greater than or equal to 1300 nm and less than or equal to 1324 nm., 'wherein], 'a plurality of core portions disposed in the common cladding, each of the plurality of core ...

HIGH CHLORINE CONTENT LOW ATTENUATION OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber having a core comprising silica and greater than 1.5 wt % chlorine and less than 0.5 wt % F, said core having a refractive index Δ, and a inner cladding region having refractive index Δsurrounding the core, where Δ>Δ. 1. A single mode optical fiber comprising:{'sub': 1MAX', '2MIN', '1MAX', '2MIN, 'a core comprising silica and greater than or equal to 1.5 wt % chlorine and less than 0.6 wt % F, said core having a refractive index Δ, and a cladding region having refractive index Δsurrounding the core, where Δ>Δ, and wherein said fiber is single moded at 1550 nm.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said cladding region comprises fluorine claim 1 , and the molar ratio of chlorine in the core to fluorine in the cladding is greater than 1.3. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core comprises greater than 2 wt % chlorine.4. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core comprises greater than 3 wt % chlorine.5. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core comprises greater than 4 wt % chlorine.6. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core is essentially free of fluorine.7. The single mode optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said fiber is essentially free of fluorine.8. The single mode fiber of claim 2 , wherein said cladding comprises an inner cladding comprising fluorine and an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region claim 2 , said outer cladding region having refractive index Δ claim 2 , wherein Δ>Δ>Δ.9. The single mode optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said cladding comprises from greater than or equal to about 0.1 weight % fluorine to less than or equal to about 1 weight % fluorine.10. The single mode optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the core has a maximum relative refractive index claim 1 , Δ claim 1 , from greater than or equal to about 0.15% to less than or equal to about 0.5%.11. The single mode optical fiber of claim 2 , wherein said cladding has a ...

Dispersion shifted optical fiber

A dispersion shifted optical fiber where a radius r 0 of a first center segment is 0.5 μm to 2.8 μm, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 0 is 0.4% or more and 0.9% or less. A radius r 1 of a first segment is 1.8 μm or more and 4.5 μm or less. A radius r 2 of a second segment is 4.0 μm or more and 8.0 μm or less, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 2 is 0.00% or more and 0.07% or less. A radius r 3 of a third segment is 4.5 μm or more and 8.5 μm or less, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 3 is 0.285% or more and 0.5% or less. A radius r 4 of a fourth segment is 8.0 μm or more and 16.0 μm or less, and a relative refractive index difference Δ 4 is 0.005% or more and 0.04% or less.

Mode Mixing Optical Fibers and Methods and Systems Using the Same

The present disclosure relates more to mode mixing optical fibers useful, for example in providing optical fiber laser outputs having a desired beam product parameter and beam profile. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a mode mixing optical fiber for delivering optical radiation having a wavelength, the mode mixing optical fiber having an input end, an output end, a centerline and a refractive index profile, the mode mixing optical fiber comprising: an innermost core, the innermost core having a refractive index profile; and a cladding disposed about the innermost core, wherein the mode mixing optical fiber has at least five modes at the wavelength, and wherein the mode mixing optical fiber is configured to distribute a fraction of the light input at its input end from its lower-order modes to its higher-order modes. 161-. (canceled)62. A mode mixing optical fiber for delivering optical radiation having a wavelength , the mode mixing optical fiber having a input end , an output end , a centerline and a refractive index profile , the mode mixing optical fiber comprising:an innermost core, the innermost core having a refractive index profile; anda cladding disposed about the innermost core,wherein the mode mixing optical fiber has at least five modes at the wavelength, andwherein the mode mixing optical fiber is configured to distribute a fraction of the light input at its input end from its lower-order modes to its higher-order modes.63. The mode mixing optical fiber according to claim 62 , wherein the innermost core has a centerline that is positioned substantially non-collinearly with the centerline of the optical fiber claim 62 , and wherein a lateral offset of the center of the innermost core with respect to the centerline of the fiber is at least 10 microns.6461. The mode mixing optical fiber according to claim claim 62 , wherein there is no substantially down-doped region disposed symmetrically around the centerline of the innermost core.65. The mode ...

POLARIZATION MAINTAINING FIBER, OPTICAL DEVICE, PREFORM OF POLARIZATION MAINTAINING FIBER, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

A polarization maintaining fiber includes: a core; an inner cladding enclosing the core; two stress applying parts that sandwich the inner cladding therebetween; and an outer cladding enclosing the inner cladding and the two stress applying parts. Each of the two stress applying parts is depressed inward against the inner cladding, and the core has a flattened cross section having a long-axis that corresponds to a direction in which the two stress applying parts are aligned. 1. A polarization maintaining fiber comprising:a core;an inner cladding enclosing the core;two stress applying parts that sandwich the inner cladding therebetween; andan outer cladding enclosing the inner cladding and the two stress applying parts, whereineach of the two stress applying parts is depressed inward against the inner cladding, andthe core has a flattened cross section having a long-axis that corresponds to a direction in which the two stress applying parts are aligned.2. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the two stress applying parts are each made of quartz glass doped with boron.3. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:a melt viscosity η1(z) of the core, a melt viscosity η2(z) of the inner cladding, a melt viscosity η3(z) of the stress applying parts, and a melt viscosity η4(z) of the outer cladding, at each cross section, have the following magnitude relations:η3(z)<η2(z)<η4(z), and η3(z)<η1(z)<η4(z).4. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the core is made of quartz glass doped with germanium, andthe inner cladding is made of quartz glass doped with fluorine and an updopant that cancels a refractive index decreasing effect of the fluorine.5. The polarization maintaining fiber as set forth in claim 4 , wherein:the updopant contains one or both of phosphorus and germanium.6. An optical device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the polarization maintaining ...

OPTICAL FIBER MANUFACTURING METHOD

An optical fiber manufacturing method includes setting a first holding member and a rod inside a glass pipe, the first holding member made of glass and having plural holes formed, so that the rod is supported by the first holding member; filling glass particles between the rod and a glass pipe inner wall; holding the rod such that the rod and the filled glass particles are enclosed by the glass pipe inner wall and the first and second holding members, and sealing one end of the glass pipe and manufacturing an intermediate; and manufacturing an optical fiber from the intermediate, wherein a bulk density of the first and second holding members is set with reference to a bulk density of a filling portion made from the glass particles, and the predetermined range is determined according to a core diameter permissible variation range in its longitudinal direction. 1. An optical fiber manufacturing method for manufacturing an optical fiber that includes a core portion made of glass and a cladding portion made of glass and formed on outer periphery of the core portion , the optical fiber manufacturing method comprising:setting such that a first holding member and a core rod are placed inside a glass pipe constituting the cladding portion, the first holding member being one of a pair of holding members that are made of glass and have a plurality of holes formed thereon, the core rod including a core forming portion serving as the core portion and including a cladding forming portion serving as a portion adjacent to the core portion across outer periphery of the core portion, in such a way that the core rod is supported by the first holding member;filling glass particles in a gap between the core rod and an inner wall of the glass pipe;holding the core rod such that a second holding member of the pair of holding members is placed inside the glass pipe, in such a way that the core rod is held in a sandwiched manner in between the first holding member and the second holding ...

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

The optical waveguide includes: a lower clad layer, a core layer, an upper clad layer, a substrate, and a mirror, the lower clad layer, the core layer, and the upper clad layer being sequentially laminated to the substrate, the mirror being formed on the core layer, in which the substrate has an opening, the maximum diameter of the opening is larger than that of luminous flux reflected by the mirror, and the maximum diameter of the opening is 240 μm or less. The optical waveguide is capable of transmitting a light signal regardless of the type of the substrate, suppressing the spread of a light signal reflected from the mirror, and transmitting a light signal with a low optical transmission loss. 1. An optical waveguide comprising: a lower clad layer , a core layer , an upper clad layer , a substrate , and a mirror , the lower clad layer , the core layer , and the upper clad layer being sequentially laminated to the substrate , the mirror being formed on the core layer , wherein the substrate has an opening , the maximum diameter of the opening is larger than that of luminous flux reflected by the mirror , and the maximum diameter of the opening is 240 μm or less.2. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , further comprising a pillar-shaped transparent member projecting from the opening to the back surface direction of the substrate.3. The optical waveguide according to claim 2 , further comprising a reinforcing plate connected with at least a part of the sidewall of the pillar-shaped transparent member.4. The optical waveguide according to claim 3 , wherein the reinforcing plate is pattern-formed.5. The optical waveguide according to claim 3 , wherein the reinforcing plate is a metal layer.6. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , further comprising a transparent resin layer A formed of a transparent resin a between the substrate and the lower clad layer claim 1 , wherein the opening is filled with the transparent resin a.7. The optical waveguide ...

SCANNING ENDOSCOPE SYSTEM

A scanning endoscope system includes an endoscope that includes an illumination fiber that is configured to guide illumination light for illuminating a subject and to emit the illumination light from an emitting end, and an actuator section that is configured to swing the emitting end of the illumination fiber according to a voltage or a current of an electrical signal that is applied to cause the illumination light to scan the subject, and a driver unit configured to apply, to the actuator section, the electrical signal that takes, as a drive frequency, a frequency at which an amount of change in amplitude at a time of swinging of the emitting end of the illumination fiber is at or below a predetermined value even when frequency characteristics of the amplitude are changed due to a change in a use condition of the endoscope. 1. A scanning endoscope system comprising:a scanning section that includes a light guide section that is configured to guide illumination light for illuminating a subject and to emit the illumination light from an emitting end, and an actuator that is configured to swing the emitting end of the light guide section according to a voltage or a current of an electrical signal that is applied to cause the illumination light to scan the subject; andan application section configured to apply, to the actuator, the electrical signal that takes, as a drive frequency, a frequency at which an amount of change in amplitude at a time of swinging of the emitting end of the light guide section is at or below a predetermined value even when frequency characteristics of the amplitude are changed due to a change in a use condition of the scanning section.2. The scanning endoscope system according to claim 1 , wherein the drive frequency of the electrical signal that is applied to the scanning section by the application section is a frequency at which a ratio of an amount of change in the amplitude to an amount of change in a frequency of the electrical signal ...

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE, OPTICAL WIRING COMPONENT, OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE MODULE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A core layer () of an optical waveguide () includes a plurality of core groups () disposed so as to mutually intersect on the same plane, each core group () being an assembly of a plurality of core portions (), at least some of which are arranged in parallel, and side cladding portions () provided so as to adjoin the side surfaces of each core portion (). A transverse cross-section of the optical waveguide () includes a high refractive index region (WH) in a position corresponding with each core portion () and having a relatively high refractive index, and a low refractive index region (WL) in a position corresponding with each side cladding portion () and having a lower refractive index than the high refractive index region (WH), and a refractive index distribution is formed in which the refractive index varies continuously across the entire distribution. 1. An optical waveguide having:a plurality of core groups disposed so as to mutually intersect on the same plane, each core group being an assembly of a plurality of core portions, at least some of which are arranged in parallel, andside cladding portions provided on both side surfaces of each core portion so as to adjoin the core portion, whereina transverse cross-section of the optical waveguide comprises:a high refractive index region in a position corresponding with each of the core portions and having a relatively high refractive index, anda low refractive index region in a position corresponding with each of the side cladding portions and having a lower refractive index than the high refractive index region, anda refractive index distribution in which a refractive index varies continuously, within at least a portion of the distribution or across the entire distribution, is formed by the regions.2. The optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the refractive index distribution is formed in correspondence with a concentration of a refractive index modifier claim 1 , which is dispersed in a polymer layer ...

OPTICAL FIBER WITH MACROBEND LOSS MITIGATING LAYER

An optical fiber comprising: (i) a core comprising silica and having a maximum relative refractive index delta Δ; and LP01 effective area>100 μmat 1550 nm; 2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , wherein said inner cladding portion is in contact with said core claim 1 , −0.7%<Δ<−0.2% claim 1 , 3%≧Δ−Δ≧0.02% and said fiber has macrobend loss<0.03 dB/turn at 50 mm bend diameter claim 1 , macrobend loss<0.003 dB/turn at 60 mm bend diameter claim 1 , and macrobend loss of <0.001 dB/turn at 75 mm bend diameter.3. An optical fiber comprising:{'sub': '1MAX', 'sup': '2', '(i) a core comprising silica and having a maximum relative refractive index delta Δ; and LP01 effective area>100 μmat 1550 nm;'}{'sub': 2MIN', 'coreMAX', '2MIN', '2MIN, '(ii) an annular inner cladding surrounding the core and having a minimum relative refractive index delta Δ, and Δ>Δ, wherein −0.7%<Δ<−0.2%, measured relative to pure silica;'} [{'sub': 3A', '3A', '2MIN, 'a first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index Δsuch that Δ−Δ≧0.02%; and'}, {'sub': 3B', 'coreMAX', '3B', '3B', '3A, 'another outer cladding portion surrounding the first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index delta Δwherein Δ>Δand Δ−Δ≧0.07%, said another outer cladding portion being the outermost portion of the outer cladding; and'}], '(iii) an annular outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding and comprising'}{'sub': C', 'C', '3B, '(iv) a coating layer surrounding the outer cladding portion, and in contact with said another outer cladding portion, the coating layer having a relative refractive index delta Δwherein Δ>Δ.'}4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , said inner cladding is directly adjacent to the core and contact with the core and −0.55%<Δ<−0.35%.5. The optical fiber of claim 3 , wherein said fiber has macrobend loss<0.03 dB/turn at 50 mm bend diameter claim 3 , macrobend loss<0.003 dB/turn at 60 mm bend diameter claim 3 , and macrobend loss of <0.001 dB/turn at 75 mm ...

MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER, OPTICAL CABLE, AND OPTICAL CONNECTOR

An MCF of the present embodiment has eight or more cores. A diameter of a common cladding is not more than 126 μm. Optical characteristics of each core are as follows: a TL at a predetermined wavelength of 1310 nm is not more than 0.4 dB/km; an MFD at the predetermined wavelength is from 8.0 μm to 10.1 μm; a BL in a BR of not less than 5 mm or in the BR of not less than 3 mm and, less than 5 mm is not more than 0.25 dB/turn at the predetermined wavelength; λ0 is from 1300 nm to 1324 nm; λcc is not more than 1260 nm; an XT or XTs at the predetermined wavelength is not more than 0.001/km. 115-. (canceled)16. A pair of optical connectors butted against each other , each of the butted optical connectors comprising: a resin ferrule; and four or more multi-core optical fibers arrayed in the ferrule , each of the multi-core optical fibers has a common cladding with a diameter of 124 to 126 μm, and two or more cores,', 'in each of the multi-core optical fibers, an outmost core is arranged so that a distance between a core center of the outmost core out of the two or more cores and a center of a cross section of the common cladding is not more than 45 μm,', 'projection amounts of end faces of the respective multi-core optical fibers from an end face of the ferrule are not less than 2 μm, and a variation of the projection amounts among the multi-core optical fibers is not more than 0.3 μm, and', 'the end faces projecting from the end face of the ferrule are polished, and, 'wherein in each of the butted optical connectors,'}wherein in each pair of the faced multi-core optical fibers of the butted optical connectors, a pressing force for achieving physical contact connection of each pair of the faced cores is 22 N or less.17. The pair of optical connectors according to claim 16 , wherein at least the end face of the ferrule is bent while the physical contact connection of each pair of the faced cores is achieved.18. The pair of optical connectors according to claim 16 , wherein ...

LASER SYSTEMS UTILIZING CELLULAR-CORE OPTICAL FIBERS FOR BEAM SHAPING

In various embodiments, the beam parameter product and/or beam shape of a laser beam is adjusted by directing the laser beam across a path along the input end of a cellular-core optical fiber. The beam emitted at the output end of the cellular-core optical fiber may be utilized to process a workpiece. 1. A laser system comprising:a beam emitter for emission of an input laser beam;a cellular-core optical fiber having an input end and an output end opposite the input end, the cellular-core optical fiber comprising (i) a plurality of core regions, (ii) an inter-core cladding region surrounding and extending between the core regions, and (iii) an outer cladding surrounding the inter-core cladding region, wherein a refractive index of each of the core regions is larger than a refractive index of the inter-core cladding region;a reflector for receiving the input laser beam and reflecting the input laser beam toward the cellular-core optical fiber;an optical element for receiving the input laser beam from the reflector and focusing the input laser beam toward the input end of the cellular-core optical fiber; anda controller for controlling relative motion between the input end of the cellular-core optical fiber and at least one of the reflector or the optical element to thereby direct the input laser beam along a path across the input end of the cellular-core optical fiber, the path comprising one or more of the core regions, whereby at least one of a beam shape or a beam parameter product of an output beam emitted at the output end of the cellular-core optical fiber is determined at least in part by the path of the input laser beam.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to direct the input laser beam along a path comprising a plurality of core regions.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to modulate the output power of the input laser beam as the input laser beam is directed along the path claim 2 , whereby the output ...

HIGH BANDWIDTH RADIATION-RESISTANT MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER

A high bandwidth radiation-resistant multimode optical fiber includes a core and a cladding layer surrounding the core. The core is a fluorine-doped quartz glass layer with a graded refractive index distribution and a distribution power exponent α of 1.7-2.2. The core has R1 of 15-35 μm and Δ1%min of −0.8% to −1.2%. The cladding layer has an inner cladding layer having R2 of 15-38 μm and Δ2% of −0.8% to −1.2% and/or a depressed inner cladding layer having R3 of 15-55 μm and Δ3 of −1.0% to −1.4%, an intermediate cladding layer having R4 of 15.5-58 μm and Δ4 of −0.7% to −0.2% a depressed cladding layer hasving R5 of 16-60 μm and Δ5 of −0.8% to −1.2%, and an outer cladding layer sequentially formed from inside to outside. The outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer. 1. A high bandwidth radiation-resistant multimode optical fiber , comprising a core layer and a cladding layer ,wherein the core layer is a fluorine-doped quartz glass layer with a graded refractive index distribution and a distribution power exponent α in a range from 1.7 to 2.2, and the core layer has a minimum relative refractive index difference Δ1% min in a range from −0.8% to −1.2% and a radius R1 in a range from 15 μm to 35 μm; andwherein the cladding layer outside of the core layer comprises an inner cladding layer and/or a depressed inner cladding layer, an intermediate cladding layer, a depressed cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer in sequence from inside to outside, wherein: the inner cladding layer has a radius R2 in a range from 15 μm to 38 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ2% in a range from −0.8% to −1.2%; the depressed inner cladding layer has a radius R3 in a range from 15 μm to 55 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ3 in a range from −1.0% to −1.4%; the intermediate cladding layer has a radius R4 in a range from 15.5 μm to 58 μm and a relative refractive index difference Δ4 in a range from −0.7% to −0.2%; the depressed cladding layer has a radius ...

ANTI-CRACKING PANDA-TYPE POLARIZATION-MAINTAINING OPTICAL FIBER

An anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber includes a cladding layer, stress layers, and a fiber core. The fiber core is located in the center of the cladding layer. The stress layers are located symmetrically at two sides of the fiber core with a distance away from the fiber core and are located within the cladding layer. Each stress layer is enclosed at edges of their outer sides by a transition layer with a gradient refractive index. By providing the transition layer with the gradient refractive index at the edge of the outer side of the stress layer, the pressure stress at the edge of the stress layer is decomposed and released, so as to avoid cracks at the edge of the polished stress layer on the end of the optical fiber, and thus optimizes the performance of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber by decreasing the room temperature polishing cracking rate. 1. An anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber , comprising a cladding layer , stress layers , and a fiber core , whereinthe fiber core is located in a center of the cladding layer,the stress layers are located symmetrically at two sides of the fiber core with a distance away from the fiber core and are located within the cladding layer, andthe stress layers each are enclosed at edges of their outer sides by a transition layer with a gradient refractive index.2. The anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the transition layer with the gradient refractive index has a single-layer thickness d ranging from 1 μm to 4 μm claim 1 , and has a relative refractive index gradually decreasing from outside to inside.3. The anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to claim 2 , wherein the transition layer with the gradient refractive index has a minimum relative refractive index ranging from −0.1% to −0.2%.4. The anti-cracking panda-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber according ...

RARE EARTH-DOPED DOUBLE-CLAD OPTICAL FIBER AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

A rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber includes a rare earth ion-doped fiber core, an inner cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer. A cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane including at least two arcuate notches. According to the provided optical fiber, optical processing can be performed on a preform without changing a preform preparation process and a drawing process. The inner cladding is designed to have a non-circular planar structure having a cross section with at least two arcuate notches. While maintaining the same light absorption efficiency of pump light within the cladding layer, a preform polishing process is simplified, a risk of cracking the preform during polishing of multiple surfaces and a risk of contamination of the preform caused by impurities are reduced, wire drawing control precision is better, and comprehensive performance of the optical fiber is improved. 1. A rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber , comprising a rare earth ion-doped fiber core , an inner cladding layer , and an outer cladding layer , wherein a cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane comprising at least two arcuate notches.2. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between a refractive index nof the fiber core and a refractive index nof the inner cladding layer is represented as (n−n) claim 1 , which is in a range from 0.01 to 0.25.3. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between the refractive index nof the inner cladding layer and a refractive index nof the outer cladding layer is represented as (n−n) claim 1 , which is in a range from 0.2 to 0.5.4. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein rare earth ions doped in the fiber core comprise one or two of Tm claim 1 , Yb claim 1 , Ho claim 1 , and Er.5. The rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber according to claim ...

ROTARY OPTICAL BEAM GENERATOR

An optical fiber device may include a unitary core including a primary section and a secondary section, wherein at least a portion of the secondary section is offset from a center of the unitary core, wherein the unitary core twists about an optical axis of the optical fiber device along a length of the optical fiber device, and wherein a refractive index of the primary section is greater than a refractive index of the secondary section; and a cladding surrounding the unitary core. 123-. (canceled)24. A method , comprising:fabricating a rotator fiber preform having a unitary core with a refractive index structure that angularly varies with respect to a center of the rotator fiber preform;consolidating the rotator fiber preform in order to create a consolidated rotator fiber preform;concurrently drawing and spinning the consolidated rotator fiber preform in order to create a spun rotator fiber; and wherein, within the tapered spun rotator fiber, the unitary core rotates about an optical axis of the tapered spun rotator fiber along a length of the tapered spun rotator fiber, and', 'wherein a rate of twist at which the unitary core twists about the optical axis increases from a first rate of twist at a first end of the tapered spun rotator fiber to a second rate of twist at a second end of the tapered spun rotator fiber., 'tapering the spun rotator fiber in order to create a tapered spun rotator fiber,'}25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:splicing the spun rotator fiber to an end of an output fiber prior to tapering the spun rotator fiber.26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the rotator fiber preform is consolidated during a preforming process associated with fabricating the rotator fiber preform.27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the rotator fiber preform is consolidated during a drawing and spinning process associated with concurrently drawing and spinning the consolidated rotator fiber preform.28. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:securing ...

ELASTOMERIC OPTICAL FIBER ALIGNMENT AND COUPLING DEVICE

A fiber optic coupling device comprises an elastomeric body. The elastomeric body includes first and second sides with a deformable alignment passage extending there between. The deformable alignment passage is configured to elastically center opposing first and second optical fibers. The deformable alignment passage includes a first portion that is configured to receive the first optical fiber having a first core. The deformable alignment passage also includes an opposing second portion that is configured to receive the second optical fiber having a second core. The first portion and the opposing second portion of the alignment passage are defined by a common encompassing periphery, and meet at a common location within the alignment passage to present the core of the received first optical fiber in coaxial alignment with the core of the received second optical fiber. 125.-. (canceled)26. A fiber optic coupling device comprising:a unitary elastomeric body including a first end and a second end, with a plurality of open-ended passages extending from the first end to the second end,each of the passages receiving a first optical fiber inserted at the first end and a second optical fiber inserted at the second end, the first and second optical fibers inserted until abutting one another within the passage,the passages within the unitary elastomeric body elastically deforming to accept the first and second optical fibers, the elastic deformation of the passages enabling 360° support about at least a portion of each of the first and second optical fibers with the 360° support axially orienting each of the first and second fiber along a common axis.27. The fiber optic coupling device of claim 26 , wherein the first and second optical fibers are ferruled optical fibers.28. The fiber optic coupling device of claim 26 , wherein the first and second optical fibers are ferrule-less optical fibers.29. The fiber optic coupling device of claim 26 , wherein the first optical fiber ...

MULTI-CLAD OPTICAL FIBER WITH TAPER PORTION, AND OPTICAL FIBER DEVICE HAVING SAME

There is described a multi-clad optical fiber for propagating an optical signal having at least a single mode. The multi-clad optical fiber generally has a fiber core, an inner cladding surrounding the fiber core, and at least an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding, the multi-clad optical fiber having at least a taper portion extending along a longitudinal dimension z, the taper portion having a radial dimension progressively decreasing at a normalized slope exceeding an adiabaticity criterion of a conventional single-clad optical fiber propagating at least the single-mode across its single-mode core. 1. A multi-clad optical fiber for propagating an optical signal having at least a single mode , the multi-clad optical fiber comprising a fiber core , an inner cladding surrounding the fiber core , and at least an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding , the multi-clad optical fiber having at least a taper portion extending along a longitudinal dimension z , the taper portion having a radial dimension progressively decreasing at a normalized slope exceeding an adiabaticity criterion of a conventional single-clad optical fiber propagating at least the single-mode across its single-mode core.2. The multi-clad optical fiber of wherein the normalized slope of the taper portion of the multi-clad optical fiber is below an adiabaticity criterion of the multi-clad optical fiber propagating at least the single-mode across the fiber core.4. The multi-clad optical fiber of wherein the optical signal has power within a spectral band at a given wavelength λ claim 1 , the fiber core being one of single-mode and few-mode at the given wavelength λ.5. The multi-clad optical fiber of wherein the fiber has a first refractive index n claim 1 , the inner cladding has a second refractive index nlower than the first refractive index n claim 1 , and the outer cladding has a third refractive index nlower than the second refractive index n.6. The multi-clad optical fiber of ...

Reconfigurable Liquid Metal Fiber Optic Mirror

A true time delay system for optical signals includes a hollow core optical waveguide, a droplet of reflective liquid metal disposed in the hollow core, and an actuator coupled to a first end of the waveguide to move the droplet longitudinally within the hollow core. In one example, the waveguide is a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber. In one example, the actuator is a pressure actuator that introduces or removes gas into the core. Light enters the optical fiber, is transmitted through the fiber toward the reflective surface of the droplet, and is reflected back through the fiber and exits at the same end of the photonic bandgap optical fiber that it entered. The fiber optic device can provide a continuously-variable optical path length of over 3.6 meters (corresponding to a continuously-variable true-time delay of over 12 ns, or 120 periods at a 10 GHz modulation frequency), with negligible wavelength dependence across the C and L bands. 1. A true time delay system for optical signals , comprising:a hollow core optical waveguide;a droplet of reflective liquid metal disposed in the hollow core; andan actuator configured to changing the position of the droplet within the hollow core;an end of the hollow core waveguide configured to receive optical energy, to transmit the optical energy through the hollow core toward the reflective droplet, and to return the reflected optical energy toward the end of the hollow core optical waveguide.2. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow core waveguide is a hollow core optical fiber.3. The true time delay system according to claim 2 , wherein the hollow core optical fiber is a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber.4. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the droplet is a liquid metal.5. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the droplet is mercury.6. The true time delay system according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a pressure actuator coupled to an end of ...

D1379 P RADIATION CURABLE PRIMARY COATING ON OPTICAL FIBER

Radiation curable coatings for use as a Primary Coating for optical fibers, optical fibers coated with said coatings and processes to coat the optical fiber are described and claimed. The radiation curable coating is a radiation curable Primary Coating composition comprising: an oligomer; a first diluent monomer; a second diluent monomer, a photoinitiator; an antioxidant; and an adhesion promoter; wherein said oligomer is the reaction product of: a hydroxyethyl acrylate; an aromatic isocyanate; an aliphatic isocyanate; a polyol; a catalyst; and an inhibitor, and wherein said oligomer has a number average molecular weight of from at least about 4000 g/mol to less than or equal to about 15,000 g/mol; wherein a cured film of said radiation curable primary coating composition has a peak tan delta Tg of from about −25° C. to about −45° C. and a modulus of from about 0.50 MPa to about 1.2 MPa. 17-. (canceled)9. The process of wherein said glass drawing tower is operated at a line speed of between about 750 meters/minute and about 2100 meters/minute.10. The process of wherein the radiation curable primary coating composition claim 8 , further comprises a catalyst claim 8 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of dibutyl tin dilaurate; organobismuth catalysts such as bismuth neodecanoate claim 8 , CAS 34364-26-6; zinc neodecanoate claim 8 , CAS 27253-29-8; zirconium neodecanoate claim 8 , CAS 39049-04-2; and zinc 2-ethylhexanoate claim 8 , CAS 136-53-8; sulfonic acids claim 8 , including but not limited to dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid claim 8 , CAS 27176-87-0; and methane sulfonic acid claim 8 , CAS 75-75-2; amino or organo-base catalysts claim 8 , including claim 8 , but not limited to: 1 claim 8 ,2-dimethylimidazole claim 8 , CAS 1739-84-0; and diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) claim 8 , CAS 280-57-9 (strong base); and triphenyl phosphine; alkoxides of zirconium and titanium claim 8 , including claim 8 , but not limited to zirconium butoxide claim 8 ...

High bandwidth mmf and method of making

A multimode optical fiber, and a method of making the fiber, are provided according to the following steps and elements: forming a core preform with a graded refractive index that includes silica and an up-dopant; drawing the core preform into a core cane; forming an inner annular segment preform that includes silica soot and an up-dopant surrounding the core cane; and forming a depressed-index annular segment preform that includes silica soot surrounding the inner annular segment preform. The method also includes the steps: forming an outer annular segment preform that includes silica soot and an up-dopant surrounding the depressed-index annular segment preform; doping the inner, depressed-index and outer annular segment preforms simultaneously or nearly simultaneously with a down-dopant; and consolidating the segment preforms simultaneously or nearly simultaneously into inner, depressed-index and outer annular segments.

OPTICAL FIBER WITH LOW LOSS AND NANOSCALE STRUCTURALLY HOMOGENEOUS CORE

An optical fiber has a core region that is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured, such that, in a Raman spectrum with a frequency shift of approximately 600 cm, the fiber has a nanoscale structure having an integrated D2 line defect intensity of less than 0.025. Alternatively, the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured such that the fiber has a residual axial compressive stress with a stress magnitude of more than 20 MPa and a stress radial extent between 2 and 7 times the core radius. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a plurality of concentric fiber regions, including a core region and surrounding cladding regions, wherein the concentric fiber regions are doped with one or more index-modifying dopants in respective amounts and radial positions that are configured to create a selected index profile,{'sup': '−1', 'wherein the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured, such that, in a Raman spectrum with a frequency shift of approximately 600 cm, the fiber has a nanoscale structure having an integrated D2 line defect intensity of less than 0.025.'}2. The optical fiber of claim 1 ,wherein the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts and radial positions that are configured such that the fiber has an attenuation of less than 0.18 dB/km at 1550 nm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 ,wherein the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts and radial positions that are configured such that the fiber has an attenuation of less than 0.17 dB/km at 1550 nm.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 ,wherein the fiber is drawn at a speed of greater than 3 meters per second.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the amount of P dopant is between 0.2% and 2%,', 'wherein the amount of Cl dopant is between 0 and 15,000 ppm ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FABRICATION OF METAL-COATED OPTICAL FIBER, AND THE RESULTING OPTICAL FIBER

Method and apparatus for producing metal-coated optical fiber involves providing a length of optical fiber having a glass fiber with or without a carbon layer surrounded by a liquid-soluble polymeric coating. The optical fiber is passed through a series of solution baths such that the fiber will contact the solution in each bath for a predetermined dwell time, the series of solution baths effecting removal of the polymer coating and subsequent electroless plating of metal on the glass fiber. The optical fiber is collected after metal plating so that a selected quantity of the metal-coated optical fiber is gathered, Preferably, the glass fiber passes through the series of solution baths without contacting anything except for the respective solution in each. 1. A method for producing metal-coated optical fiber , said method comprising:(a) providing a length of optical fiber having a glass fiber surrounded by a liquid soluble polymeric coating;(b) passing said optical fiber through a series of solution baths such that the glass fiber will contact the solution in each bath for a predetermined dwell time, the series of solution baths effecting removal of said polymer coating and subsequent plating of metal on the glass fiber; and(c) collecting the optical fiber after metal plating so that a selected quantity of said metal-coated optical fiber is gathered.2. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said glass fiber has a carbon layer.3. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said liquid soluble polymeric coating comprises a polymeric material that is removed by a chemical solvent.4. A method as set forth in claim 3 , wherein said polymeric material that is removed by a chemical solvent comprises acrylate.5. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said liquid soluble polymeric coating comprises a water soluble polymer.6. A method as set forth in claim 5 , wherein said water soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of sodium polyacrylater claim 5 , ...

OPTICAL DEVICE WITH PHOTON FLIPPING

An optical device with photon flipping for converting an incident light flux into a practically monochromatic light beam, the device including a cladding area including a photon crystal microstructure, the photon crystal microstructure having an allowed spectral band and a spectral band gap; a flipping area including a flipping fluorescent dye which has a spectral band for absorbing fluorescence, which covers at least part of the allowed spectral band, and a spectral band for emitting fluorescence, which covers at least part of the spectral band gap of the photon crystal microstructure; a central area arranged to enable propagation of a monochromatic light beam having a wavelength in the spectral band gap, the central area being surrounded by the photon crystal microstructure; the core area having a thickness which is less than or equal to five times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the flipping fluorescent dye. 2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the core area is less than or equal to three times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the fluorescent flip dye.4. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the flip area is situated in at least one part of the cladding area.5. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the flip area is situated in at least one part of the core area.6. The optical device according to claim 1 , having optical fibre geometry claim 1 , the optical device extending along a reference axis and having a symmetry of revolution around said reference axis.7. The optical device according to claim 1 , having optical film geometry claim 1 , the optical device extending along a reference plane and having symmetry with respect to said reference plane.8. The optical device according to claim 1 , further comprising a first conversion area situated around the flip area claim 1 , the first conversion area including a first fluorescent conversion dye having a ...

LOW BEND LOSS SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER WITH CHLORINE UPDOPED CLADDING

An optical fiber having both low macrobend loss and low microbend loss. The fiber has a central core region, a first (inner) cladding region surrounding the central core region and having an outer radius r>16 microns and relative refractive index Δ, and a second (outer) cladding region surrounding the first cladding region having relative refractive index, Δ, wherein Δ>Δ>Δ. The difference between Δand Δis greater than 0.12 percent. The fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and r/ris greater or equal to 0.24 and bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn. 1. An optical fiber comprising:(i) a central core region having outer radius r1 and refractive index Δ1 (a) a first cladding region having an outer radius 25 microns>r2>16 microns and relative refractive index Δ2, wherein the ratio of r1/r2 is larger than 0.24 and', '(b) a second cladding region surrounding the first cladding region and having a relative refractive index Δ3 and an outer radius r3, wherein the second cladding region comprises at least 1.25 wt % chlorine (Cl), and wherein Δ1>Δ3>Δ2, and wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is greater than 0.12%, and Δ3>0.12%;, '(ii) a cladding surrounding the central core region, the cladding comprisingand said fiber exhibits a bend loss at 1550 nm for a 15 mm diameter mandrel of less than 0.5 dB/turn.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is greater than 0.13%.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the difference between Δ3 and Δ2 is between 0.12% and 0.25%.4. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm.5. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein the central core region of said fiber exhibits an alpha less than 10.6. The optical fiber of claim 1 , said fiber further exhibiting a wire mesh covered drum microbend loss at 1550 nm which is less than or equal to 0.07 dB/km.7. The optical fiber of claim 1 , ...

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber in which the increase of attenuation can be reduced is offered. An optical fiber is made of silica glass and includes a core and a cladding enclosing the core. The refractive index of the cladding is smaller than that of the core. The core includes chlorine and any of the alkali metal group. The chlorine concentration is 1 ppm or more in the whole region of the core. In the whole region of the core, the absolute value of rate of radial change of the chlorine concentration is smaller than 2000 ppm/μm. 1. An optical fiber made of silica glass and containing a core and a cladding ,the cladding enclosing the core and having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the core,the core containing chlorine as well as an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth-metal element,the core having a chlorine concentration of 1 ppm or more in the whole region thereof, andthe absolute value of rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration being smaller than 2000 ppm/μm.2. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is less than 1000 ppm/μm.3. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is less than 500 ppm/μm.4. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is less than 300 ppm/μm.5. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is more than 100 ppm/μm.6. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe absolute value of the rate of radial change in the chlorine concentration of the whole region of the core is more than 200 ppm/μm.7. An optical fiber as set forth in claim 1 , whereinthe core ...

Ultra-low-loss coupled-core multicore optical fibers

A coupled-core multicore optical fiber has a plurality of cores that are doped with alkali metals or chlorine to achieve low attenuation and a large effective area. The cores may be embedded in a common cladding region that may be fluorine doped. The cores may also be doped with chlorine, either with the alkali metals described above or without the alkali metals.

OPTICAL FILTER

A bandpass filter may include a set of layers. The set of layers may include a first subset of layers. The first subset of layers may include hydrogenated germanium (Ge:H) with a first refractive index. The set of layers may include a second subset of layers. The second subset of layers may include a material with a second refractive index. The second refractive index may be less than the first refractive index. 1. A bandpass filter , comprising: [ 'the first subset of layers comprising hydrogenated germanium (Ge:H) with a first refractive index; and', 'a first subset of layers,'}, the second subset of layers comprising a material with a second refractive index,', 'the second refractive index being less than the first refractive index, and', [{'sub': '2', 'a silicon dioxide (SiO) material,'}, {'sub': 2', '3, 'an aluminum oxide (AlO) material,'}, {'sub': '2', 'a titanium dioxide (TiO) material,'}, {'sub': 2', '5, 'a niobium pentoxide (NbO) material,'}, {'sub': 2', '5, 'a tantalum pentoxide (TaO) material, or'}, {'sub': '2', 'a magnesium fluoride (MgF) material.'}], 'the material including at least one of], 'a second subset of layers,'}], 'a set of layers including2. (canceled)3. The bandpass filter of claim 1 , where the first subset of layers are high refractive index layers (H) and the second subset of layers are low refractive index layers (L); and [{'sub': 'm', 'an (H-L)order,'}, {'sub': 'm', 'an (H-L)-H order,'}, {'sub': 'm', 'an (L-H)order, or'}, {'sub': 'm', 'claim-text': 'where m is a quantity of alternating H and L layers.', 'an L-(H-L)order,'}], 'where the set of layers are arranged in at least one of4. The bandpass filter of claim 1 , where the set of layers is configured to pass a threshold portion of light associated with a spectral range of between approximately 1100 nanometers (nm) and 2000 nm.5. The bandpass filter of claim 1 , where the set of layers is configured to pass a threshold portion of light associated with a spectral range of between ...

Multi-clad Optical Fiber

A multi-clad optical fiber design is described in order to provide low optical loss, a high numerical aperture (NA), and high optical gain for the fundamental propagating mode, the linearly polarized (LP) 01 mode in the UV and visible portion of the optical spectrum. The optical fiber design may contain dopants in order to simultaneously increase the optical gain in the core region while avoiding additional losses during the fiber fabrication process. The optical fiber design may incorporate rare-earth dopants for efficient lasing. Additionally, the modal characteristics of the propagating modes in the optical core promote highly efficient nonlinear mixing, providing for a high beam quality (M<1.5) output of the emitted light. 1. A fused silica based , multi-clad optical fiber comprising:a core surrounded by a first cladding layer, whereby the optical fiber has a high NA;{'sup': 2', '2, 'whereby the fiber is configured to convert low beam quality visible or UV light, having an M>>1.5, to high beam quality light, having an M<1.5;'}a hydrogen dopant, whereby the fiber is configured to provide low propagation losses in the visible or UV portions of the optical spectrum; and,the core comprising a GRIN structure.2. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein the GRIN structure comprises components selected from the group consisting of modifiers to the silica glass to alter the refractive index claim 1 , structures comprised of the silica glass to alter the effective refractive index claim 1 , and modifiers to the silica glass to shield the core from UV radiation.3. The fibers of or claim 1 , wherein the first cladding is surround by a second and the second cladding is surround by an outer cladding claim 1 , wherein each of the claddings comprises fused silica glass.4. The fibers of or claim 1 , wherein the first cladding is surround by a second and the second cladding is surround by an outer cladding claim 1 , wherein each of the claddings comprises fused silica glass with chemical ...

OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

An optical fiber includes a core, a depressed layer surrounding the core, and a cladding surrounding the depressed layer, where a refractive index profile of the core is an α power distribution in which an index α is 3 or more and 6 or less, a relative refractive index difference Δ of the depressed layer with respect to the adding is set such that an absolute value |Δ| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less, a radius r1 of the core and an outer circumference radius r2 of the depressed layer are set such that a ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.2 or more and 0.5 or less, a cable cutoff wavelength λof 22 m is 1260 nm or less, and a mode field diameter MFD at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 8.6 μm or more and 9.5 μm or less. 1. An optical fiber , comprising:a core;a depressed layer surrounding the core; anda cladding surrounding the depressed layer,wherein:a refractive index profile of the core is an α power distribution in which an index α is 3.5 or more and 6 or less,a relative refractive index difference Δ− of the depressed layer with respect to the cladding is set such that an absolute value |Δ−| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less,a radius r1 of the core and an outer circumference radius r2 of the depressed layer are set such that a ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.2 or more and 0.5 or less,a cable cutoff wavelength λcc of 22 m is 1260 nm or less, anda mode field diameter MFD at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 8.6 μm or more and 9.5 μm or less.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe relative refractive index difference Δ− is set such that the absolute value |Δ−| thereof is 0.01% or more and 0.03% or less.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereinthe radius r1 and the outer circumference radius r2 are set such that the ratio r1/r2 thereof is 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less.4. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , whereina relative refractive index difference Δ+ of the core with respect to the cladding is set to be 0.30% or more and 0.45% or less.5. The ...

AN ACTIVE OPTICAL FIBRE

An active optical fibre, including: a core; an inner cladding substantially surrounding the core, whereby the core and the inner cladding form an area configured to propagate pump radiation; an outer cladding comprised of at least a third material with at least a third refractive index substantially surrounding the inner cladding, the third refractive index being smaller than the second refractive index, whereby the outer cladding confines pump radiation to the core and the inner cladding; and a coating comprised of a thermally conductive material substantially surrounding the outer cladding, wherein the inner cladding is configured to reduce impact of spatial hole-burning on absorption of the pump radiation as the pump radiation propagates through the active optical fibre, and wherein the thermally conductive material of the coating supports a reduced temperature increase between the area and an outer surface of the coating. 1. An active optical fibre , including:a core comprised of at least a first material with at least a first refractive index;an inner cladding comprised of at least a second material with at least a second refractive index substantially surrounding the core, whereby the core and the inner cladding form an area configured to propagate pump radiation from a pump laser coupled to the optical fibre;an outer cladding comprised of at least a third material with at least a third refractive index substantially surrounding the inner cladding, the third refractive index being smaller than the second refractive index, whereby the outer cladding confines pump radiation from the pump laser to the core and the inner cladding; anda coating comprised of a thermally conductive metal, graphite or other material substantially surrounding the outer cladding,wherein the inner cladding is configured to reduce impact of spatial hole-burning on absorption of the pump radiation as the pump radiation propagates through a length of the active optical fibre, andwherein the ...

FIBER-OPTIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

In a fiber amplifier including a third optical fiber made of a double clad fiber for amplifying light and a fifth optical fiber made of a single clad fiber for transmitting the light amplified by the double clad fiber, a fourth optical fiber made of a triple clad fiber is inserted between the third optical fiber and the fifth optical fiber. 1. A fiber-optic system comprising:a double clad fiber for amplifying light, the double clad fiber having a core, a first clad and a second clad;a single clad fiber for transmitting the light amplified by the double clad fiber, the single clad fiber having a core and a first clad; anda triple clad fiber inserted between the double clad fiber and the single clad fiber, the triple clad fiber including a core, a first clad, a second clad and a third clad.2. The fiber-optic system as set forth in claim 1 , wherein at a splice point between the double clad fiber and the triple clad fiber claim 1 , a cross section of the core of the double clad fiber is contained in a cross section of a region consisting of the core and the first clad of the triple clad fiber.3. The fiber-optic system as set forth in claim 1 , wherein at the splice point between the double clad fiber and the triple clad fiber claim 1 , a cross section of the first clad of the double clad fiber overlaps with cross sections of both of the first clad and the second clad of the triple clad fiber.4. The fiber-optic system as set forth in claim 1 , wherein at a splice point between the triple clad fiber and the single clad fiber claim 1 , a cross section of the first clad of the triple clad fiber overlaps with a cross section of the clad of the single clad fiber.5. The fiber-optic system as set forth in claim 1 , wherein:the triple clad fiber includes a plurality of triple clad fiber elements whose first clads have different cross sectional areas, respectively; andthe plurality of triple clad fiber elements are joined so that a cross section of a first clad of each one of ...

OPTICAL FIBERS FOR SINGLE MODE AND FEW MODE VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASER-BASED OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

The optical fibers disclosed have single mode and few mode optical transmission for VCSEL-based optical fiber transmission systems. The optical fibers have a cable cutoff wavelength λof equal to or below 1260 nm thereby defining single mode operation at wavelengths greater than 1260 nm and few-mode operation at wavelengths in a wavelength range from 800 nm and 1100 nm. The mode-field diameter is in the range from 8.0 microns to 10.1 microns at 1310 nm. The optical fibers have an overfilled bandwidth OFL BW of at least 1GHz·km at at least one wavelength in the wavelength range. The optical fibers have a single-step or two-step core and can have a trench refractive index profile. VCSEL based optical transmission systems and methods are disclosed that utilize both single core and multicore versions of the optical fiber. 1. An optical fiber , comprising: an inner core region having a first relative refractive index and a first radius, and', 'an outer core region surrounding the inner core region, having a second relative refractive index less than the first relative refractive index, and a second radius greater than the first radius; and, 'a core having a step index profile, comprisinga cladding surrounding the core;wherein the optical fiber is single mode at wavelengths greater than 1260 nm, and is few mode in a wavelength range between 800 to 1100 nm with an overfilled bandwidth greater than 1 GHz·km at at least one wavelength in the wavelength range.2. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein:the first relative refractive index is between 0.36% and 0.40%;the first radius is between 2.0 nm and 2.4 nm;the second relative refractive index is between 0.28% and 0.32%;the second radius is between 4.2 nm and 4.6 nm; andthe cladding has a third relative refractive index that is substantially zero, and a third radius between 40 μm and 100 μm.3. The optical fiber of claim 1 , wherein:the first relative refractive index is between 0.38% and 0.44%;the first radius is between 2.2 μ ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF MICROBIAL STERILIZATION USING POLYCHROMATIC LIGHT

The present invention is a device for sterilizing microorganisms on a liquid or solid substrate. The device includes a light source for producing a light and an optical device positioned proximate the light source. The optical device is configured to focus the light generated by the light source to provide a high intensity light output. The optical device also includes a dichroic reflector. The dichroic reflector is configured to pass thermal energy generated by the light source and reflect the light produced by the light source. The device also includes a power supply, where the power supply is coupled to the light source and the optical device. The device thereby killing microbial organisms presented within the range of the high intensity light output. 2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the light source is polychromatic.3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the light source includes a high intensity lamp.4. The device according to claim 3 , wherein the light source includes a high intensity HgXe lamp.5. The device according to wherein the light source is a high UV output light source.6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the light source is activated for a predetermined exposure period just sufficient to kill the microorganism.7. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the exposure period is greater than approximately 0.01 seconds.8. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the exposure period is between approximately 0.01 seconds and approximately 5 seconds.9. The device according to claim 6 , further comprising:a shutter mechanism, wherein the shutter mechanism is positioned and connected proximate to the optical device for controlling the exposure period by modulating the light source.10. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a fluid-core light guide claim 1 , the fluid-core light guide comprising:a. a first end;b. a second end;c. a tubular body; andd. wherein the light guide is positioned and connected with the first ...

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

An optical fiber cable has a sectional area of Ac [mm] and housing a number N of optical fibers. A transmission loss α[dB/km], a mode field diameter W [μm], an effective area Aeff [μm], an effective length L[km], and a wavelength dispersion D [ps/nm/km] of each of the optical fibers at a wavelength of 1550 nm satisfy a predetermined, equation and the transmission loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.19 dB/km or less, and the effective area of the optical fiber is in a range from 125 to 155 μm. 2. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is in a range from 12.0 to 13.5 μm.3. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the wavelength dispersion of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550 nm is in a range from 19 to 22 ps/nm/km.4. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber has a cutoff wavelength in a range from 1400 to 1600 nm.5. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber comprises:a core having a diameter in a range from 12 to 15 μm; anda cladding surrounding the core and having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core,wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to the cladding is in a range from 0.28% to 0.35%.6. The optical fiber cable according to claim 5 ,wherein a relative refractive index difference of the core with respect to pure silica is in a range from −0.1% to +0.1%.7. The optical fiber cable according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical fiber comprises:a core having a diameter in a range from 12 to 15 μm;an inner cladding surrounding the core and having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core; andan outer cladding having a refractive index that is smaller than a refractive index of the core and larger than a refractive index of the inner cladding,wherein a relative refractive index difference ...

Single Mode Fibre with a Trapezoid Core, Showing Reduced Losses

The invention concerns a single mode optical fibre having a core and a cladding, the core refractive index profile having a trapezoid-like shape. According to an aspect of the invention, the transition part of the trapezoid-like core refractive index profile is obtained by gradually changing a concentration of at least two dopants from a concentration in said centre part of said core to a concentration in a cladding part adjacent to said core. 1. A single mode optical fibre having a core surrounded by a cladding , the core refractive index profile having a trapezoid-like shape ,wherein a transition part of the trapezoid-like core refractive index profile is obtained by gradually changing a concentration of at least two dopants from a concentration in said centre part of said core to a concentration in a cladding part adjacent to said core.2. The single mode optical fibre of claim 1 , wherein said cladding comprises at least one trench claim 1 , a region of depressed refractive index.3. The single mode optical fibre of claim 2 , wherein:{'sub': 0', '0, 'said centre part of said core has a radius rand a refractive index n;'}{'sub': 0', '1', '0, 'said transition part ranges from radius rto a radius r>r;'}and wherein said cladding comprises:{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'an intermediate cladding ranging from radius rto radius r>rand having a refractive index n;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'said trench ranging from radius rto radius r>rand having a refractive index n;'}{'sub': 3', '4, 'an outer cladding ranging from radius rand having a refractive index n.'}4. The single mode optical fibre of claim 3 , wherein a ratio r/rof said centre part of said core's radius rto said transition part's radius ris between about 0.25 and 0.75.9. The single mode optical fibre of claim 1 , wherein said at least two dopants are selected from the group consisting of:Germanium oxide;Fluorine;Phosphorus oxide; andBoron oxide.10. The single mode optical fibre of claim 1 , wherein said cladding ...