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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 3700. Отображено 100.
26-01-2012 дата публикации

Optical switch device and method of manufacturing the same

Номер: US20120020614A1
Автор: Jang Uk Shin, Sang Ho Park, Sang-Pil Han, Yongsoon Baek, Young-Tak Han
Принадлежит: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI

Provided are an optical switch device having a simple light path and capable of achieving high speed switching, and a method of manufacturing the optical switch device. The optical switch device comprises one or more first optical waveguides extending in a first direction, one or more second optical waveguides connected to the first optical waveguides in a second direction crossing the first direction, and one or more switching parts configured to control light transmitted in the first direction within the first optical waveguide connected with the second waveguide, to selectively reflect the light to the second waveguide extending in the second direction.

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Номер записи: 1
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Display Device

Номер: US20120105311A1
Автор: Benoit Bataillou, David Van Steenwinckel, Pascal Bancken, Radu Surdeanu, Viet Nguyen Hoang
Принадлежит: NXP BV

A display device comprises a substrate which carries an array of pixels. Each pixel comprises an array of apertures in the substrate, each aperture of the array having a maximum opening dimension less than the wavelength of the light to be transmitted through the aperture. The effective dielectric constant of the aperture and/or the dielectric constant of the substrate is varied, thereby to vary the light transmission characteristics of the pixel between transmission of at least one frequency in the visible spectrum and transmission of substantially no frequency in the visible spectrum.

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Номер записи: 2
24-05-2012 дата публикации

Balanced bypass circulators and folded universally-balanced interferometers

Номер: US20120128350A1
Автор: Milos Popovic
Принадлежит: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The invention generally relates, in one aspect, to an interferometer system. The interferometer system includes a splitter/combiner element (SCE), a first bi-directional optical path, and a second bi-directional optical path.

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Номер записи: 3
20-09-2012 дата публикации

Compositions containing thermally-induced self-assembly of nonionic surfactants and their application in smart glass technologies

Номер: US20120234465A1
Автор: Jiaxing Li, Ping Sheng, Weija Wen, Xiuqing Gong
Принадлежит: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology HKUST

The present subject matter relates generally to the use of thermally induced self-assembly of surfactants, such as poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) or 4-octylphenol polyethoxylate, to vary the transparency or opacity of a composition containing the same. The compositions of the present subject matter can be used in smart window technologies.

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Номер записи: 4
22-11-2012 дата публикации

Ligand exchange thermochromic systems and high e ligands for same

Номер: US20120292581A1
Автор: Brad S. Veldkamp, Derick D. Winkle, Douglas A. Vander Griend, Harlan J. Byker, Paul H. Ogburn, Jr.
Принадлежит: Pleotint LLC

Ligand exchange of thermochromic, LETC, systems exhibiting a reversible change in absorbance of electromagnetic radiation as the temperature of the system is reversibly changed are described. The described LETC systems include one or more than one transition metal ion, which experiences thermally induced changes in the nature of the complexation or coordination around the transition metal ion(s) and, thereby, the system changes its ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation as the temperature changes. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, thermochromic systems are disclosed comprising a transition metal ion with particularly useful ligands, such as phosphine compounds, tridentate ligands that coordinate through three nitrogen atoms, bidentate ligands, or ortho hindered pyridine monodentate ligands.

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Номер записи: 5
14-02-2013 дата публикации

Optical semiconductor device

Номер: US20130037692A1
Автор: Tomoyuki Akiyama
Принадлежит: Fujitsu Ltd

An optical semiconductor device includes a waveguide that an input light to be inputted, a ring modulator optically coupled with the waveguide, a first ring resonator optically coupled with the waveguide and having an optical path length smaller than an optical path length of the ring modulator, a second ring resonator optically coupled with the first waveguide and having an optical path length larger than the optical path length of the ring modulator, a heater arranged adjacent to the ring modulator, the first ring resonator and the second ring resonator, a first photodetector monitoring a light power in the first ring resonator, a second photodetector monitoring a light power in the second ring resonator, and a controller controlling the heater so that a resonance wavelength of the ring modulator agrees with a wavelength of the input light, based on signals detected by the first and second photodetectors.

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Номер записи: 6
28-03-2013 дата публикации

Plural Element Composite Materials, Methods for Making and Using the Same

Номер: US20130077148A1
Автор: RIBI HANS O.
Принадлежит: SEGAN INDUSTRIES, INC

The invention provides composite materials comprising a shape change element and an optical change element, which elements undergo a change in response to an applied stimulus. Also provided are objects that include the subject shape changing materials, as well as methods of making and using the same. 1. A composite material comprising:(a) a shape change component that changes shape in response to a first applied stimulus; and(b) an optical change component that changes an optical property in response to a second applied stimulus.2. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said shape change component is a shape memory component.3. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein optical change component is a chromic change component.4. The composite material according to claim 1 , said first applid stimulus is a temperature change.5. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said first applied stimulus is a light change.6. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said second applied stimulus is a temperature change.7. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said second applied stimulus is a light change.8. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said first applied stimulus and second applied stimulus are the same.9. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said first applied stimulus and second applied stimulus are different.10. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said composite material undergoes a shape and optical change simultaneously.11. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said composite material undergoes a shape and optical change sequentially.12. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said composite material is a plastic.13. The composite material according to claim 12 , wherein said shape change and optical change components are comolded.14. The composite material according to claim 12 , wherein said optical change component ...

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Номер записи: 7
18-04-2013 дата публикации

Thermochromic Resin Composite, Method For Adjusting Clouding Point Of Thermochromic Resin Composite, And Dimmer

Номер: US20130092888A1
Автор: Satoshi Honda, Takuya Yamamoto, Yasuyuki Tezuka
Принадлежит: Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC

Disclosed are a thermochromic resin composite and a dimmer allowing easy adjustment of a clouding point. The thermochromic resin composite is predominantly composed of an aqueous medium, an amphiphilic linear polymer changeable between a transparent state and an opaque state in the aqueous medium depending on temperature, and an amphiphilic endless polymer changeable between a transparent state and an opaque state in the aqueous medium depending on temperature, and the amphiphilic linear polymer and the amphiphilic endless polymer in the aqueous medium have one clouding point, the clouding point changing in accordance with a mixing ratio of the amphiphilic linear polymer to the amphiphilic endless polymer.

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Номер записи: 8
06-06-2013 дата публикации

THERMOTROPIC OPTICAL SHUTTER INCORPORATING COATABLE POLARIZERS

Номер: US20130141774A1
Автор: McCARTHY Wil
Принадлежит:

A thermotropic optical shutter device incorporates coatable, thin-film polarizers with a thermotropic depolarizer. The coatable polarizers provide a mechanism for adjusting the polarizer properties (i.e., absorption, reflection, or diffusion) by changing the thickness of the coating. For example, a thicker film may have a higher relative polarizing efficiency while a thinner film may have a lower relative polarizing efficiency. Using the same base materials and manufacturing process, the contrast ratio and other properties of a thermotropic or thermochromic shutter device (e.g., a liquid crystal-based smart window film) may be adjusted in real time on the manufacturing line. 1. A thermotropic shutter device comprisinga transparent substrate;one or more thin film polarizer coatings applied to the transparent substrate in layers; anda thermotropic depolarizer supported by the transparent substrate; whereinin a cold state the device exhibits a high transmission within a given wavelength band, andin a hot state the device exhibits a low transmission within a given wavelength band.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein one or more thin film polarizer coatings are absorptive.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein one or more thin film polarizer coatings are reflective.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein one or more thin film polarizer coatings are diffusive.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein one or more thin film polarizer coatings exhibit a combination of absorptive claim 1 , reflective claim 1 , and/or diffusive properties.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein one or more thin film polarizer coatings are used in conjunction with one or more polarizers of another type.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein absorption claim 1 , reflection claim 1 , diffusion claim 1 , polarizing efficiency claim 1 , contrast ratio claim 1 , and visible light transmission properties of the device are adjustable by altering a thickness of the one or more thin film polarizer coatings.8. The device of claim ...

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Номер записи: 9
20-06-2013 дата публикации

Switch element comprising a liquid-crystalline medium

Номер: US20130155338A1
Автор: Michael Junge
Принадлежит: Merck Patent GmBH

The present invention relates to a switch element, which is thermoresponsive and which switches between a less transmissive state for radiant energy and a more transmissive state for radiant energy, and which comprises a liquid-crystalline medium. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the switch element for the regulation of radiant energy flow between interior spaces and the environment and for the regulation of the temperature of interior spaces. The invention furthermore relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterised in that it comprises 5-95% of a compound of the formula (I), in particular for use in the switch elements according to the invention.

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Номер записи: 10
18-07-2013 дата публикации

Slot waveguide structure for wavelength tunable laser

Номер: US20130182730A1
Автор: Ruolln Li, Wenjun Fan
Принадлежит: Mars Technology Co Ltd

Exemplary embodiments provide a wavelength tunable laser device and methods using the wavelength tunable laser device for a laser tuning. An exemplary wavelength tunable laser device can include an active gain element, a slot waveguide structure, and a wavelength tuning structure including heating elements disposed around the grating structure for a wavelength selection.

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Номер записи: 11
01-08-2013 дата публикации

Reflective substrate and method of manufacturing the same

Номер: US20130194652A1
Автор: Dong-Gun Moon, Kwang-Je Woo, Yong Won Choi, Yung-Jin Jung
Принадлежит: Samsung Corning Precision Materials Co Ltd

A reflective substrate, the transmittance of visible light of which is improved, and a method of manufacturing the same. The reflective substrate includes a glass substrate, an oxide or nitride film formed on the glass substrate, and vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) film formed on the oxide or nitride film.

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Номер записи: 12
22-08-2013 дата публикации

Responsivity Enhancement of Solar Light Compositions and Devices for Thermochromic Windows

Номер: US20130215490A1
Автор: Donval Ariela, Gross Noam, Nevo Doron, Oron Moshe, Partouche Eran
Принадлежит: KiloLambda Technologies Ltd.

The present invention relates to an optical window-filter including a thermochromic material and a light absorbing material. An absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material. The present invention further relates to a filter for an infrared imaging system having detectors sensitive to radiation in an infrared transmission spectrum. The filter includes a thermochromic material and a light-absorbing material. An absorption of high-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum by the light-absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material to attenuate the high-power radiation while transmitting substantially unaffected low-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum. 1. An optical window-filter comprising:a thermochromic material; anda light absorbing material;wherein absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes a phase transformation of the thermochromic material.2. The optical window-filter of claim 1 ,wherein the thermochromic material includes thermochromic nanoparticles, and the light absorbing material includes light absorbing nanoparticles.3. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that transfer heat from the light absorbing material to the thermochromic material and transfer heat away from the thermochromic material.4. The optical window-filter of claim 2 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that include thermal conductivity enhancing nanoparticles.5. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising:at least one plate of transparent material adjacent the thermochromic material and the light absorbing material.6. The optical window-filter of further comprising:two plates of light transmitting material;wherein the thermochromic material and the light absorbing material are located between the two plates of light ...

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Номер записи: 13
05-09-2013 дата публикации

ENHANCED THERMOCHROMIC WINDOW WHICH INCORPORATES A FILM WITH MULTIPLE LAYERS OF ALTERNATING REFRACTIVE INDEX

Номер: US20130229702A1
Автор: Broekhuis Michael D., Byker Harlan J., MILLETT FREDERICK A.
Принадлежит: PLEOTINT, L.L.C.

A window comprising at least one thermochromic layer and a film comprising multiple layers of polymer with alternating refractive index (MLARI). The thermochromic layer has a reversible change in absorbance of electromagnetic radiation such that the absorbance increases as the temperature of the thermochromic layer increases and the absorbance decreases as the temperature of the thermochromic layer decreases. Particularly useful thermochromic materials are ligand exchange thermochromic materials. In various embodiments, the window may have multiple panes and may incorporate a low-e layer. 1. A window comprising a thermochromic layer and a film comprising multiple layers of polymer with alternating refractive index (MLARI) wherein the thermochromic layer has a reversible change in absorbance of electromagnetic radiation such that the absorbance increases as the temperature of the thermochromic layer increases and the absorbance decreases as the temperature of the thermochromic layer decreases.2. The window of wherein the thermochromic layer contains a ligand exchange thermochromic system.3. The window of wherein the thermochromic layer is adhered to the MLARI film.4. The window of wherein the MLARI film is treated to promote adhesion.5. The window of where in the thermochromic layer and the MLARI film are laminated between rigid substrates of glass or plastic.6. A window comprising more than one thermochromic layer wherein two of the thermochromic layers are adhered to and separated by a film comprised of multiple layers of polymer with alternating refractive index (MLARI) wherein the thermochromic layers each have a reversible change in absorbance of electromagnetic radiation such that the absorbance increases as the temperature of the thermochromic layer increases and the absorbance decreases at the temperature of the thermochromic layer decreases.7. The window of wherein the thermochromic layer contains a ligand exchange thermochromic system.8. The window of ...

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Номер записи: 14
10-10-2013 дата публикации

Photonic modulation of a photonic band gap

Номер: US20130265630A1
Автор: Clarence T. Tegreene, Lowell L. Wood, JR., Nathan P. Myhrvold, Roderick A. Hyde, Thomas Allan Weaver, William David Duncan
Принадлежит: SEARETE LLC

An apparatus comprises a first photonic crystal structure having a first photonic band gap distribution and configured to support a first electromagnetic signal, wherein the first photonic band gap distribution may vary according to a second electromagnetic signal.

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Номер записи: 15
31-10-2013 дата публикации

SYNERGISTIC REVERSIBLE CHROMISM

Номер: US20130286461A1
Автор: Anderson Christopher D., Broekhuis Michael D., Byker Harlan J., Liposcak Curtis J.
Принадлежит: PLEOTINT, L.L.C.

A multilayer laminate and, more particularly a variable transmission window, which comprises: 2. The multilayer laminate of wherein the photochromic layer forms a separator between multiple thermochromic layers.3. The multilayer laminate of wherein the photochromic layer is protected from oxygen.4. The multilayer laminate of wherein the photochromic layer is surface treated to promote adhesion.5. The multilayer laminate of wherein the multilayer laminate is laminated between sheets of glass to form a pane.6. The pane of wherein the pane is installed as part of a window in a building. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 61/639,499 filed Apr. 27, 2012.This application is directed to the combination of thermochromic, (TC), and photochromic, (PC), systems incorporated into solar energy attenuation applications and this application is particularly directed to variable transmission windows. Both TC and PC systems have been explored for use in solar energy attenuation applications and variable transmission windows. This invention discloses novel combinations of PC and TC systems and structures wherein there is a synergistic relationship between these two systems. This synergistic relationship improves service life and simultaneously improves performance with regard to sunlight attenuation of windows that incorporate the systems. These windows better minimize heat load while maximizing daylighting inside a building.U.S. Pat. No. 7,911,676 describes a combination of TC systems and PC systems wherein the TC system changes from absorbing more ultraviolet (UV) light at low temperatures to absorbing less UV light at high temperatures. This type of TC system may screen out some of the UV light at lower temperatures so that less PC material is activated to the colored state. This is of interest when the thermal back reaction for bleaching of the PC materials is slower at the lower temperatures. Then when the systems are warmer the TC materials ...

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Номер записи: 16
21-11-2013 дата публикации

OPTIMIZED ARRANGEMENT OF TRIAZOLE PARTICLES

Номер: US20130306936A1
Автор: Dayen Jean-Francois, Doudin Bernard, Etrillard Celine, Faramarzi Vina, Letard Jean-Francois
Принадлежит: Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique - CNRS -

An electrical device in provided having two electrodes separated from one another, wherein one temperature controlled electronic spin-state transition particle is in direct contact with each of the two electrodes, the particle being of the ionic type and containing a transition metal bearing a cationic charge. 1. An electrical device having two electrodes separated from one another , wherein at least one temperature controlled electronic spin-state transition particle is in direct contact with each of the two electrodes , the particle being of an ionic type and having a transition metal bearing a cationic charge.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the particle is based on a compound satisfying the formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 3', 'n, '[Fe(G)](X)'}where G is a 1,2,4-triazole ligand with a substituent R on the nitrogen in position 4, indicated as R-Trz;X represents at least one anion;and n is calculated in such a way that electroneutrality of the formula is respected.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein substituent R is selected from among the group consisting of hydrogen and HN— claim 2 , R— claim 2 , HRN— claim 2 , and RRN— compounds claim 2 , where Rand Rare alkyl radicals.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the particle is a nanometric particle at least one of whose dimensions is between 30 nm and 700 nm.5. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the particle is covered dissymmetrically with a layer of metal.6. The device according to claim 1 , suitable for functioning as a photoconductive device wherein the two electrodes are covered by a same metal.7. The device according to claim 1 , suitable for functioning as a photovoltaic device claim 1 , wherein one of the two electrodes is covered by a first metal and the other of the two electrodes is covered by a second metal that is different from the first metal.8. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold claim 5 , nickel claim 5 , and ...

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Номер записи: 17
21-11-2013 дата публикации

LAYER ARRANGEMENT FOR THE REGULATION OF LIGHT TRANSMISSION

Номер: US20130308069A1
Автор: BEYER Andreas, Junge Michael
Принадлежит: Merck Patent GmBH

The present invention relates to a layer arrangement which changes the transmission of light depending on its temperature, where the layer arrangement has a first polarisation layer, a switching layer which influences the polarisation properties of light depending on the temperature, and a second polarisation layer, as well as an additional NIR transmission-preventing layer. 132314ab. Layer arrangement which changes the transmission of incident light depending on its temperature , where the layer arrangement has a first polarisation layer () , a switching layer () which influences the polarisation properties of light depending on the temperature , and a second polarisation layer () , characterised in that the layer arrangement () additionally has at least one NIR transmission-preventing layer ().2. Layer arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the switching layer has a liquid-crystalline medium which forms a nematic phase in a first temperature range and forms an isotropic phase in a second temperature range.3. Layer arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the switching layer of the layer arrangement is a twisted nematic liquid-crystalline layer.41. Layer arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the reduction in the transmission in the transparent state by the layer arrangement () in the NIR region is greater by a factor of more than 2 claim 1 , preferably more than 2.08 claim 1 , particularly preferably more than 2.2 and very particularly preferably more than 2.3 than the reduction in the transmission in the VIS region.54. Layer arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the NIR transmission-preventing layer () has at least one layer comprising a cholesteric liquid-crystal material.64. Layer arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the NIR transmission-preventing layer () has at least one layer comprising a ceramic material.74. Layer arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the NIR transmission-preventing layer () has at least one layer comprising a ...

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Номер записи: 18
28-11-2013 дата публикации

Metamaterial Devices with Environmentally Responsive Materials

Номер: US20130314765A1
Автор: Christopher M. Bingham, David Shrekenhamer, Salvatore Savo, Wen-Chen Chen, Willie J. Padilla
Принадлежит: Boston College

Metamaterial devices with environmentally responsive materials are disclosed. In some embodiments, a metamaterial perfect absorber includes a first patterned metallic layer, a second metallic layer electrically isolated from the first patterned metallic layer by a gap, and an environmentally responsive dielectric material positioned in the gap between the first patterned metallic layer and the metallic second layer.

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Номер записи: 19
19-12-2013 дата публикации

Thermochromic Window

Номер: US20130335803A1
Автор: Bae Seulgi, Cha Jee Yun, Choi Yong Won, Jung Young Soo, Jung Yung-Jin, Kim Chang Gyu, Kim Hyun Bin, Moon Dong-Gun, Ryu Sang-Ryoun
Принадлежит:

A thermochromic window that can effectively insulate heat when warming is conducted in winter. The thermochromic window that includes a substrate, a thermochromic thin film formed on the substrate, and a transparent conductive film formed on at least one surface of the upper surface and the undersurface of the thermochromic thin film. The emissivity of the transparent conductive film is lower than the emissivity of the thermochromic thin film. 1. A thermochromic window comprising:a substrate;a thermochromic thin film formed on the substrate; anda transparent conductive film formed on at least one surface of an upper surface and an undersurface of the thermochromic thin film, an emissivity of the transparent conductive film being lower than an emissivity of the thermochromic thin film.2. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the emissivity of the transparent conductive film is 0.25 or less.3. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein a resistivity of the transparent conductive film is 1*10Ωm or less.4. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive film comprises one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO) claim 1 , zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , fluorine tin oxide (FTC)) claim 1 , aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).5. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic thin film comprises one selected from the group consisting of vanadium dioxide (VO) claim 1 , titanium (III) oxide (TiO) claim 1 , niobium oxide (NbO) and nickel sulfide (NiS).6. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic thin film is treated with a dopant.7. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive film comprises aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) or gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) claim 1 , and the thermochromic thin film comprises vanadium dioxide (VO).8. The thermochromic window of claim 7 , wherein the transparent conductive film is formed on the ...

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Номер записи: 20
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Responsivity Enhancement of Solar Light Compositions and Devices for Thermochromic Windows

Номер: US20130342888A1
Автор: Donval Ariela, Gross Noam, Nevo Doron, Oron Moshe, Partouche Eran
Принадлежит: KiloLambda Technologies Ltd.

An optical window-filter includes a thermochromic material and a light absorbing material that can be bonded chemically. Absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material. A filter for an infrared imaging system has detectors sensitive to radiation in an infrared transmission spectrum. The filter includes a thermochromic material and a light-absorbing material. Absorption of high-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum by the light-absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material to attenuate the high-power radiation while transmitting substantially unaffected low-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum. 1. An optical window-filter comprising:a thermochromic material; anda light absorbing material;wherein absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes a phase transformation of the thermochromic material.2. The optical window-filter of claim 1 ,wherein the thermochromic material includes thermochromic nanoparticles, and the light absorbing material includes light absorbing nanoparticles.3. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that transfer heat from the light absorbing material to the thermochromic material and transfer heat away from the thermochromic material.4. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that include thermal conductivity-enhancing nanoparticles.5. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising reduced transition temperature particles that reduce the transition temperature to a desired value between 25 to 80° C.6. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , in which said thermochromic material is encapsulated in nano or micro particles or shells.7. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , in which said light absorbing material is encapsulated in nano or micro ...

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Номер записи: 21
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Large Scale Steerable Coherent Optical Switched Arrays

Номер: US20220003937A1
Автор: Ehsan SHAH HOSSEINI, Michael Robert WATTS
Принадлежит: ANALOG PHOTONICS LLC

Aspects of the present disclosure describe large scale steerable optical switched arrays that may be fabricated on a common substrate including many thousands or more emitters that may be arranged in a curved pattern at the focal plane of a lens thereby allowing the directional control of emitted light and selective reception of reflected light suitable for use in imaging, ranging, and sensing applications including accident avoidance.

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Номер записи: 22
04-01-2018 дата публикации

VARIABLE TRANSMISSIVITY VIRTUAL IMAGE PROJECTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20180003966A1
Автор: Abele Nicolas, Combes Michel, Kilcher Lucio, McGlew Patrick Gerard
Принадлежит: Intel Corporation

Disclosed herein are apparatus, devices, and methods to provide a modified-transmissivity zone on a projection surface used to generate a virtual image superimposed onto a real-world view. In particular, a variable-transmissivity material may be provided in the projection surface. The transmissivity of variable-transmissivity material may be modified responsive to application of a stimulus. A stimulus source may be configured to selectively apply a stimulus to the variable-transmissivity material to generate a discrete modified-transmissivity zone on the projection surface. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a projection surface comprising a variable-transmissivity material to modify a transmissivity of the projection surface to ambient light responsive to one or more stimuli being applied to the variable-transmissivity material;a projection unit to project light onto the projection surface to generate a virtual image superimposed onto a real-world view; andone or more stimulus sources to apply the one or more stimuli to at least a portion of the variable-transmissivity material to generate one or more modified-transmissivity zones on the projection surface.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , the variable-transmissivity material comprising at least one of a photochromic material claim 1 , an electrochromic material claim 1 , and a thermochromic material.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , the variable-transmissivity material comprising a photochromic material and the one or more stimuli comprising ultraviolet light.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , the projection surface comprising a filter layer to filter ultraviolet light from external ambient light.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , the variable-transmissivity material comprising a photochromic material and the one or more stimuli comprising a light beam of the light projected by the projection unit.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , the variable-transmissivity material comprising an electrochromic material and the one or more stimuli ...

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Номер записи: 23
04-01-2018 дата публикации

TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE OPTICAL LIMITER, COMPOSITION AND DEVICE

Номер: US20180004018A1
Автор: Dovnal Ariela, Gross Noam, Nevo Doron, Oron Moshe
Принадлежит: Kilolambda Technologies Ltd

The present invention relates to optical power-limiting devices, and more particularly, to an optical power-limiting passive (self-adaptive) device and to a method for limiting solar power transmission in devices such as windows, using scattering level changes in a novel thermotropic composition that contains salt nano or microparticles embedded in a solid transparent host layer, where temperature change induces change in the refraction index of the matrix as well as of the embedded particles, creating a scattering layer, substantially reflecting the incident light thus limiting the amount of light passing through the window, green house covers, car sun roofs, solar panel windows and protection layers on housing roofs and walls, as a function of ambient temperature. 1. A thermotropic coating , limiting transmission of solar energy there-through , comprising:salt nanoparticles or salt microparticles, embedded in a solid transparent host matrix;said coating being reversible between: a translucent and non-transmittant state; anda transparent and transmittant state; said state depending on the ambient temperature;wherein said host and said salt particles are selected such that a change in ambient temperature induces a change in the refraction index of said matrix at a first rate, and induces a change in the refraction index of said embedded salt particles at a second rate different from the first rate, to produce scattering and reflection of solar light and thus limit transmission of light passing there through, as a function of the ambient temperature.2. The thermotropic coating of claim 1 , wherein said coating is formulated such that at a pre-determined temperature the refractive indices of said host matrix layer and of said embedded salt particles are similar claim 1 , yielding minimal light scattering and relatively high transmittance.3. The thermotropic coating of wherein said coating is formulated to be transparent at low ambient temperature claim 1 , thus ...

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Номер записи: 24
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing same

Номер: US20190004342A1
Автор: Shinichi Kuwabara, Tetsuya Iida, Yasutaka Nakashiba
Принадлежит: Renesas Electronics Corp

In an optical waveguide supplied with electricity by using a heater, miniaturization of the device is achieved by enhancing heat dissipation efficiency and heat resistance. In a modulator including an optical waveguide formed on an insulating film, a first interlayer insulating film that covers the optical waveguide, a heater formed on the first interlayer insulating film, and a second interlayer insulating film that covers the heater, a heat conducting portion adjacent to the optical waveguide and the heater and penetrating the first and second interlayer insulating films is formed.

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Номер записи: 25
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Fast optical switch and its applications in optical communication

Номер: US20180007454A1
Автор: Angel Martinez, Mohammad A. Mazed, Rex Wiig
Принадлежит: Individual

A fast optical switch can be fabricated/constructed, when vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) ultra thin-film or vanadium dioxide (VO 2 )/two-dimensional ( 2 -D) material or a cluster of vanadium dioxide particles (less than 0.5 microns in diameter) embedded in an ultra thin-film of a polymeric material or in a mesh of metal nanowires is activated by either an electrical pulse (a voltage pulse or a current pulse) or a light pulse just to induce rapid insulator-to-metal phase transition (IMT) in vanadium dioxide ultra thin-film or vanadium dioxide particles embedded in an ultra thin-film of a polymeric material or in a mesh of metal nanowires. The applications of such a fast optical switch for an on-Demand optical add-drop subsystem, integrating with or without a wavelength converter are also described.

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Номер записи: 26
09-01-2020 дата публикации

IN SITU ADJUSTABLE OPTICAL MASK

Номер: US20200008932A1
Автор: SILVESTRINI Thomas A.
Принадлежит:

Implantable corneal and intraocular implants such as a mask are provided. The mask can improve the vision of a patient, such as by being configured to increase the depth of focus of an eye of a patient. The mask can include an aperture configured to transmit along an optical axis substantially all visible incident light. The mask can further include a transition portion that surrounds at least a portion of the aperture. This portion can be configured to switch from one level of opacity to another level of opacity through the use of a controllably variable absorbance feature such as a switchable photochromic chromophore within a polymer matrix. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of manufacturing an ophthalmic device , the method comprising:providing an intraocular implant, the intraocular implant comprising a photochromic chromophore within a polymer matrix, the photochromic chromophore configured to rotate between a first degree of opacity and a second degree of opacity when the polymer matrix undergoes a glass transition from a brittle state to a molten state;applying an external stimulus to the intraocular implant such that the polymer matrix undergoes a glass transition from a brittle state to a molten state; andremoving the external stimulus such that the polymer matrix returns to the brittle state, the polymer matrix configured to remain locked in the brittle state until another application of the external stimulus.22. The method of manufacturing an ophthalmic device of claim 21 , wherein the external stimulus comprises radiant energy.23. The method of manufacturing an ophthalmic device of claim 22 , wherein the radiant energy is delivered via an axicon lens.24. The method of manufacturing an ophthalmic device of claim 22 , wherein the radiant energy comprises a laser.25. The method of manufacturing an ophthalmic device of claim 21 , wherein the photochromic chromophore is substantially colorless while in the first degree of opacity.26. The method of manufacturing an ...

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Номер записи: 27
11-01-2018 дата публикации

SWITCHABLE RADIATIVE ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEMS

Номер: US20180010505A1
Автор: Banerjee Debasish, Honnikoppa Shashi, JOSHI Shailesh N.
Принадлежит: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.

Switchable radiative energy harvesting systems and methods of harvesting radiation are disclosed. A system includes an optical filter that includes at least one of an active material and a passive material. The optical filter is switchable between a shield mode and a harvesting mode such that the at least one of the active material and the passive material is in a reflecting state during the shield mode such that the optical filter blocks passage of radiation from a thermal emitter to a thermophotovoltaic cell and a transmitting state during the harvesting mode such that that the optical filter allows the radiation to pass from the thermal emitter to the thermophotovoltaic cell. 1. A switchable radiative energy harvesting system comprising:an optical filter comprising at least one of an active material and a passive material, a reflecting state during the shield mode such that the optical filter blocks passage of radiation from a thermal emitter to a thermophotovoltaic cell, and', 'a transmitting state during the harvesting mode such that that the optical filter allows the radiation to pass from the thermal emitter to the thermophotovoltaic cell., 'wherein the optical filter is switchable between a shield mode and a harvesting mode such that the at least one of the active material and the passive material is in2. The switchable radiative energy harvesting system of claim 1 , wherein the optical filter is arranged in a stack having the active material and the passive material layered between one another.3. The switchable radiative energy harvesting system of claim 1 , wherein the optical filter comprises the active material and the passive material.4. The switchable radiative energy harvesting system of claim 1 , further comprising a first contact claim 1 , a second contact claim 1 , and an electrical conductor electrically coupled between the first contact and the second contact claim 1 , wherein the optical filter is positioned between the first contact and the ...

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Номер записи: 28
14-01-2016 дата публикации

On-chip optical polarization controller

Номер: US20160011438A1
Автор: Peng Sun, Qiang Xu, Ronald M. Reano
Принадлежит: Ohio State Innovation Foundation

An example optical polarization controller can include a substantially planar substrate and a waveguide unit cell formed on the substantially planar substrate. The waveguide unit cell can include a first out-of-plane waveguide portion and a second out-of-plane waveguide portion coupled to the first out-of-plane waveguide portion. Each of the first and second out-of-plane waveguide portions can respectively include a core material layer arranged between a first optical cladding layer having a first stress-response property and a second optical cladding layer having a second stress-response property. The first and second stress-response properties can be different such that each of the first and second out-of-plane waveguide portions is deflected by a deflection angle.

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Номер записи: 29
14-01-2021 дата публикации

CIRCULAR RESONATOR, AND OPTICAL MODULATOR AND OPTICAL ELEMENT COMPRISING SAME

Номер: US20210011311A1
Автор: Choi Muhan, LEE Chang-Ju, PARK Honghwi, Park Hongsik
Принадлежит: KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY- ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION

A circular resonator, and an optical modulator and an optical element comprising same. The circular resonator includes a first material, formed in a circular shape, including a plurality of nano holes and having a thermo-optic coefficient varying at a predetermined ratio according to temperature, and a second material having a thermo-optic coefficient varying in a direction opposite to the direction of change of the thermo-optic coefficient of the first material depending on temperature, the second material being filled in the plurality of nano holes, wherein an interval between the plurality of nano holes is formed at a pitch shorter than the wavelength of incident light. 1. A circular resonator comprising:a first material, formed in a circular shape, including a plurality of nano holes and having a thermo-optic coefficient varying at a predetermined ratio according to temperature; anda second material having a thermo-optic coefficient varying in a direction opposite to a direction of change of the thermo-optic coefficient of the first material depending on temperature, the second material being filled in the plurality of nano holes,wherein an interval between the plurality of nano holes is formed at a pitch shorter than a wavelength of incident light.2. The circular resonator of claim 1 , wherein the second material is filled in the plurality of nano holes at a ratio relative to a volume of the first material to offset a change in the thermo-optic coefficient of the first material based on a change in the thermo-optic coefficient of the second material according to temperature.3. The circular resonator of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of nano holes is a through-hole which penetrates from one side to other side of the first material.4. The circular resonator of claim 1 , wherein an interval of the plurality of nano holes comprises an interval that is formed at different pitches.5. The circular resonator of claim 1 , wherein the first material is in a ring ...

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Номер записи: 30
10-01-2019 дата публикации

WAVELENGTH LOCKING FILTER

Номер: US20190011732A1
Автор: Guzzon Robert Silvio
Принадлежит:

An optical system can automatically lock an adjustable spectral filter to a first wavelength of an incoming light signal, and can automatically filter an additional incoming light signal at the first wavelength. A tunable filter can have a filtering spectrum with an adjustable peak wavelength and increasing attenuation at wavelengths away from the adjustable peak wavelength. The tunable filter can receive first input light, having a first wavelength, and can spectrally filter the first input light to form first output light. A detector can detect at least a fraction of the first output light. Circuitry coupled to the detector and the tunable filter can tune the tunable filter to maximize a signal from the detector and thereby adjust the peak wavelength to match the first wavelength. The tunable filter further can receive second input light and spectrally filter the second input light at the first wavelength. 1. An optical system , comprising:a first input waveguide configured to deliver first input light having a first wavelength;a tunable filter coupled to the first input waveguide to receive the first input light, the tunable filter having a filtering spectrum with an adjustable peak wavelength and increasing attenuation at wavelengths away from the adjustable peak wavelength, the tunable filter configured to adjust the peak wavelength to match the first wavelength; anda tunable light source configured to produce second input light having a second wavelength and deliver the second input light to the tunable filter, the tunable light source further configured to adjust the second wavelength to match the peak wavelength of the tunable filter and thereby match the first wavelength.2. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the tunable filter is configured to spectrally filter the first input light to form first output light claim 1 , the topical system further comprising:a first detector configured to detect at least a fraction of the first output light; andfirst ...

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Номер записи: 31
14-01-2016 дата публикации

Micro-Disc Modulator, Silicon Photonic Device and Optoelectronic Communication Apparatus Using the Same

Номер: US20160013865A1
Автор: Dutt Birendra, Kapoor Ashok, Rajasekharan Raj, Song Weiwei
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments of a micro-disc modulator as well as a silicon photonic device and an optoelectronic communication apparatus using the micro-disc modulator are described. In one aspect, a device includes a SOI substrate and a silicon photonic structure formed on a primary surface of the SOI substrate. The semiconductor substrate includes a silicon waveguide and a micro-disc modulator. The micro-disc modulator is adjacent to the silicon waveguide and has a top surface substantially parallel to the primary surface of the SOI substrate. The top surface of the micro-disc modulator includes one or more discontinuities therein. The micro-disc modulator may be a multi junction micro-disc modulator having two vertical p-n junctions with a single resonance frequency to achieve high-speed modulation and low-power consumption. 1. A device comprising:a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate having a first primary surface; and a silicon waveguide; and', 'a silicon micro-disc modulator adjacent to the silicon waveguide, the micro-disc modulator having a top surface substantially parallel to the first primary surface of the SOI substrate, the top surface comprising one or more discontinuities therein., 'a photonic structure on the first primary surface of the SOI substrate, the photonic structure comprising2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more discontinuities are disposed at locations that coincide with locations of a secondary or higher order mode of resonance in the micro-disc modulator corresponding to a predefined wavelength.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the locations of the one or more discontinuities correspond to locations of peaks of field intensity of the secondary or higher order mode of resonance in the micro-disc modulator.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more discontinuities comprise one or more grooves etched into the top surface of the micro-disc modulator.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the one or more grooves comprise at least ...

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Номер записи: 32
14-01-2016 дата публикации

SILICON PHOTONIC HYBRID POLARIZATION DEMULTIPLEXER

Номер: US20160013868A1
Автор: Anderson Sean, Shastri Kalpendu, Webster Mark
Принадлежит:

An optical demultiplexer that includes at least one a hybrid phase shifter configured to receive a light signal over a fiber element, the light signal including polarized optical signals. Each phase shifter includes a thermo-optic phase shifter configured to phase shift the light signal, an electro-optic phase shifter configured to phase shift the light signal, and a coupler configured to maintain polarization of the polarized signal components. The optical demultiplexer also includes control circuitry configured to regulate the thermo-optic and electro-optic phase shifters. 1. A polarization demultiplexer comprising: a thermo-optic phase shifter configured to phase shift the polarized optical signals;', 'an electro-optic phase shifter configured to phase shift the polarized optical signals; and, 'at least one a hybrid phase shifter configured to receive a light signal over a fiber element, the light signal including polarized optical signals, the at least one hybrid phase shifter each comprisingcontrol circuitry configured to regulate the thermo-optic and electro-optic phase shifters.2. The polarization demultiplexer of claim 1 , each hybrid phase shifter further comprising a coupler configured to maintain polarization of the polarized signal components claim 1 , the coupler and the hybrid phase shifter forming a mixing stage.3. The polarization demultiplexer of claim 2 , further comprising a plurality of cascaded mixing stages.4. The polarization demultiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the thermo-optic phase shifter receives a control signal from the control circuitry claim 1 , and the electro-optic phase shifter receives a dither signal from the control circuitry claim 1 , the control signal and the dither signal having different amplitudes.5. The polarization demultiplexer of claim 4 , wherein the dither signal has an amplitude that is less than an amplitude of the control signal.6. The polarization demultiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the polarized signal components ...

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Номер записи: 33
10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUS PROVIDING THERMAL ISOLATION OF PHOTONIC DEVICES

Номер: US20190013452A1
Автор: Meade Roy, Sandhu Gurtej
Принадлежит:

Described embodiments include photonic integrated circuits and systems with photonic devices, including thermal isolation regions for the photonic devices. Methods of fabricating such circuits and systems are also described. 1. An integrated structure comprising:a substrate having an upper surface;a trench formed in the upper surface of the substrate;a device formation region over the upper surface of the substrate;a temperature-sensitive photonic device formed in the device formation region;a heating device formed in the device formation region for heating the temperature-sensitive photonic device, wherein the heating device is located over the trench; anda thermal isolation region formed under the heating device, wherein the thermal isolation region is located in the trench, such that the thermal isolation region is provided in the upper surface of the substrate, and wherein the thermal isolation region thermally isolates the substrate from the heating device.2. The integrated structure of claim 1 , wherein the thermal isolation region and the trench both extend under the temperature-sensitive photonic device.3. The integrated structure of claim 1 , further comprising a waveguide formed in the device formation region claim 1 , and wherein the thermal isolation region and the trench both extend under the waveguide.4. The integrated structure of claim 1 , further comprising a waveguide formed in the device formation region claim 1 , and wherein the waveguide is separated from the trench by a portion of the substrate.5. The integrated structure of claim 1 , wherein the first thermal isolation region comprises a physical gap between the heating device and substrate.6. The integrated structure of claim 5 , wherein the physical gap is further provided on a side of the heating device.7. The integrated structure of claim 1 , wherein the thermal isolation region is a first thermal isolation region claim 1 , and further comprising a second thermal isolation region under the ...

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Номер записи: 34
21-01-2016 дата публикации

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DISPLAY DEVICES

Номер: US20160018678A1
Автор: CHOI DONG-WOOK, CHONG Jong-Ho
Принадлежит:

An organic light emitting display device includes a substrate, a display structure disposed on a first face of the substrate, and a light transmission controlling member disposed on a second face of the substrate opposed to the first face, in which the light transmission controlling member includes a shape memory polymer configured to change its shape to control an amount of an external light passing through the light transmission controlling member. 1. An organic light emitting display device , comprising:a substrate;a display structure disposed on a first face of the substrate; anda light transmission controlling member disposed on a second face of the substrate, the second face opposed to the first face,wherein the light transmission controlling member comprises a shape memory polymer configured to change its shape to control an amount of an external light passing through the light transmission controlling member.2. The organic light emitting display device of claim 1 , wherein the light transmission controlling member further comprises a plurality of protruding portions.3. The organic light emitting display device of claim 2 , wherein one or more of the protruding portions has at least one of a triangular-shaped cross-section claim 2 , a circular-shaped cross-section shape claim 2 , an elliptical-shaped cross-section or a rhombus-shaped cross-section.4. The organic light emitting display device of claim 1 , wherein the display structure operates in connection with the light transmission controlling member.5. The organic light emitting display device of claim 2 , wherein when an electric signal is applied to the light transmission controlling member claim 2 , the light transmission controlling member is contracted to change a shape of one or more of the protruding portions.6. The organic light emitting display device of claim 5 , wherein the electric signal comprises a data signal applied to the display structure.7. The organic light emitting display device of ...

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Номер записи: 35
17-01-2019 дата публикации

THERMOCHROMATIC REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKERS FOR INDICATING CHANGING ROAD CONDITIONS

Номер: US20190017235A1
Автор: Snead Walter L.
Принадлежит:

A reflective pavement marker for a roadway includes a body having a bottom adapted to be secured to the roadway and at least one a reflector on the body. The reflector includes an outer face for receiving light and an inner face comprising a plurality of light reflecting elements for receiving and reflecting the light back through the outer face. The reflector comprises a light transmitting and thermochromatic polymer adapted to transition at a predetermined transition temperature so as to change the color of the light reflected by the reflector depending on the temperature of the polymer. The predetermined transition temperature can be selected so that the color change of the light reflected by the reflector indicates freezing or near freezing road conditions. 1. A reflective pavement marker for a roadway comprising , in combination:a body having a bottom adapted to be secured to the roadway;a reflector on the body and having an outer face for receiving light and an inner face comprising a plurality of light reflecting elements for receiving and reflecting the light back through the outer face; andwherein the reflector comprises a light transmitting and thermochromatic polymer adapted to transition at a predetermined transition temperature so as to change the color of the light reflected by the reflector depending on the temperature of the polymer.2. The reflective pavement marker according to claim 1 , wherein the reflector is a retroreflective reflector.3. The reflective pavement marker according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined transition temperature is in the range of 38 degrees Fahrenheit and 30 degrees Fahrenheit.4. The reflective pavement marker according to claim 3 , wherein the predetermined transition temperature is about 34 degrees Fahrenheit.5. The reflective pavement marker according to claim 1 , wherein the thermochromatic polymer is adapted to transition from white above the predetermined transition temperature to blue below the predetermined ...

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Номер записи: 36
18-01-2018 дата публикации

SOLID STATE REFLECTIVE DISPLAY

Номер: US20180017840A1
Автор: BROUGHTON Benjamin John, GALLARDO Diego, HEYWOOD-LONSDALE Edward David, Hopkin Hywel
Принадлежит:

A switchable reflective colour filter is provided for use in a display device. The switchable reflective colour filter includes a plurality of sub-pixel regions of at least two colour types, each including a layer of phase change material which is switchable between a first state and a second state, the first and second states being two solid but structurally distinct states having different optical properties. Each sub-pixel region further includes two electrode layers, a mirror layer, and a spacer layer or air gap. The phase change material layer in each sub-pixel region is positioned between the two electrode layers, and separated from the mirror layer by the spacer layer or air gap. The switchable reflective colour filter may be incorporated into a display device including a pixelated switchable absorber. A luminance of coloured light reflected from any of the sub-pixel regions is controllably attenuated 1. A switchable reflective colour filter for use in a display device , the switchable reflective colour filter comprising:a plurality of sub-pixel regions including sub-pixel regions of at least two colour types, each comprising a layer of phase change material which is switchable between a first state and a second state, the first and second states being two solid but structurally distinct states having different optical properties;each sub-pixel region further including two electrode layers, a mirror layer, and a spacer layer;wherein the phase change material layer in each sub-pixel region is positioned between the two electrode layers, and separated from the mirror layer by the spacer layer.2. The switchable reflective colour filter of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material of a given sub-pixel region is switched between the first state and the second state to change the spectrum of reflected light from the given sub-pixel region from a narrower band claim 1 , more vividly coloured characteristic claim 1 , to a broader band claim 1 , more pale coloured ...

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Номер записи: 37
21-01-2021 дата публикации

DISSIPATING HEAT FROM AN ACTIVE REGION OF AN OPTICAL DEVICE

Номер: US20210018769A1
Автор: Norberg Erik, Roth Jonathan Edgar
Принадлежит:

A device, such as an electroabsorption modulator, can modulate a light intensity by controllably absorbing a selectable fraction of the light. The device can include a substrate. A waveguide positioned on the substrate can guide light. An active region positioned on the waveguide can receive guided light from the waveguide, absorb a fraction of the received light, and return a complementary fraction of the received light to the waveguide. Such absorption produces heat, mostly at an input portion of the active region. The input portion of the active region can be thermally coupled to the substrate, which can dissipate heat from the input portion, and can help avoid thermal runaway of the device. The active region can be thermally isolated from the substrate away from the input portion, which can maintain a relatively low thermal mass for the active region, and can increase efficiency when heating the active region. 1. An optical device , comprising:a substrate layer;a waveguide layer on the substrate layer, the waveguide layer including a waveguide to guide light; andan active region on the waveguide layer and including an input portion to receive guided light from the waveguide, the active region being thermally coupled to the substrate layer at the input portion and thermally isolated from the substrate layer distal from the input portion.2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical device comprises an oxide layer between the waveguide layer and the substrate layer.3. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate layer is etched to form an etched portion.4. The optical device of claim 3 , wherein the etched portion extends under the waveguide from the input portion of the active region to an output end of the active region such that the etched portion thermally isolates the active region from the substrate layer.5. The optical device of claim 4 , wherein the etched portion of the substrate layer does not extend under the input portion of the ...

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Номер записи: 38
17-04-2014 дата публикации

THERMOCHROMATIC ELEMENT AND THERMOCHROMATIC DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20140104669A1
Автор: FENG CHEN, QIAN LI, WANG YU-QUAN
Принадлежит: BEIJING FUNATE INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

A thermochromatic element includes a sealed enclosure, an isolation layer and a first heating element. The isolation layer is received in the sealed enclosure that divides the sealed enclosure into a first chamber and a second chamber. The first heating element is located adjacent to the first chamber. The first heating element includes a carbon nanotube film including a number of carbon nanotube linear units and a number of carbon nanotube groups. Each carbon nanotube linear unit includes a number of first carbon nanotubes substantially oriented along a first direction, and are spaced from each other and substantially extending along the first direction. The carbon nanotube groups are combined with the carbon nanotube linear units by van der Waals force. The carbon nanotube groups between adjacent carbon nanotube linear units are spaced from each other in the first direction. 1. A thermochromatic element , comprising:a sealed enclosure;an isolation layer, received in the sealed enclosure, that divides the sealed enclosure into a first chamber and a second chamber;a first heating element located adjacent to the first chamber;a thermochromatic material layer, located in the first chamber, capable of changing color by releasing and absorbing water vapor;a second heating element located adjacent to the second chamber; andan absorption layer, located in the second chamber, configured to absorb or release the water vapor; a plurality of carbon nanotube linear units spaced from each other and substantially extending along a first direction, and each of the plurality of carbon nanotube linear units comprising a plurality of first carbon nanotubes substantially oriented along the first direction; and', 'a plurality of carbon nanotube groups combined with the plurality of carbon nanotube linear units by van der Waals force, and the plurality of carbon nanotube groups between adjacent carbon nanotube linear units are spaced from each other in the first direction., 'wherein ...

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Номер записи: 39
17-04-2014 дата публикации

THERMOCHROMATIC ELEMENT AND THERMOCHROMATIC DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20140104670A1
Автор: FENG CHEN, QIAN LI, WANG YU-QUAN
Принадлежит: BEIJING FUNATE INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

A thermochromatic element includes a sealed enclosure, an insulation layer and a first heating element. The sealed enclosure includes an upper semitransparent sheet and a lower sheet opposite to the upper semitransparent sheet, and defines a chamber between the upper semitransparent sheet and the lower sheet. The first transparent heating element is the semitransparent upper sheet. The first transparent heating element includes a carbon nanotube film including a number of carbon nanotube linear units and a number of carbon nanotube groups. Each carbon nanotube linear unit includes a number of first carbon nanotubes substantially oriented along a first direction, and are spaced from each other and substantially extending along the first direction. The carbon nanotube groups are combined with the carbon nanotube linear units by van der Waals force. The carbon nanotube groups between adjacent carbon nanotube linear units are spaced from each other in the first direction. 1. A thermochromatic element , comprising:a sealed enclosure comprising an upper semitransparent sheet and a lower sheet opposite to the semitransparent upper sheet, the sealed enclosure defining a chamber between the semitransparent upper sheet and the lower sheet;a first transparent heating element located on the upper semitransparent sheet;a second heating element located on the lower sheet; anda colorful material layer located in the chamber, the first transparent heating element and the second heating element asynchronously capable of heating the colorful material layer such that the colorful material layer will move between the first transparent heating element and the second heating element in response to the heat produced by the first transparent heating element and the second heating element; a plurality of carbon nanotube linear units spaced from each other and substantially extending along a first direction, each of the plurality of carbon nanotube linear units comprising a plurality of ...

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Номер записи: 40
17-04-2014 дата публикации

THERMOCHROMATIC ELEMENT AND THERMOCHROMATIC DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20140104671A1
Автор: FENG CHEN, QIAN LI, WANG YU-QUAN
Принадлежит: BEIJING FUNATE INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

A thermochromatic element includes a sealed enclosure, an insulation layer and a first heating element. The insulation layer is received in the sealed enclosure, that divides the sealed enclosure into a first chamber and a second chamber. The first heating element is configured to heat the first chamber. The first heating element includes a carbon nanotube film including a number of carbon nanotube linear units and a number of carbon nanotube groups. Each carbon nanotube linear unit includes a number of first carbon nanotubes substantially oriented along a first direction, and are spaced from each other and substantially extending along the first direction. The carbon nanotube groups are combined with the carbon nanotube linear units by van der Waals force. The carbon nanotube groups between adjacent carbon nanotube linear units are spaced from each other in the first direction. 1. A thermochromatic element , comprising:a sealed enclosure comprising an upper transparent sheet;an isolation layer received in the sealed enclosure, that divides the sealed enclosure into a first chamber and a second chamber; and the first chamber defined between the upper transparent sheet and the isolation layer;a first heating element configured to heat the first chamber;a second heating element configured to heat the second chamber; anda colorful material layer located in the first chamber or the second chamber, wherein the colorful material layer is movable between the first chamber and the second chamber in a gaseous state through the isolation layer, a plurality of carbon nanotube linear units spaced from each other and substantially extending along a first direction, and each of the plurality of carbon nanotube linear units comprising a plurality of first carbon nanotubes that are substantially oriented along the first direction; and', 'a plurality of carbon nanotube groups combined with the plurality of carbon nanotube linear units by van der Waals force, and wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 41
21-01-2021 дата публикации

Optical Computing Element and Multi-Neural Network

Номер: US20210019595A1
Автор: Konisho Shiori, Oka Soichi, Otsuka Takuya
Принадлежит:

An optical operational element which enables a multilayered optical neural network to be constructed without using an optical amplifier is provided. The optical operational element includes: a photothermal conversion unit which converts light energy of input light A into thermal energy; a light intensity variation unit which is in contact with the photothermal conversion unit and which varies, in accordance with a temperature variation accompanying heat generation or heat absorption by the photothermal conversion unit , intensity of external light B that is introduced from the outside; and a housing unit which houses the light intensity variation unit and which introduces the external light B from one side and outputs output light C obtained by attenuating intensity of the external light B to the outside on an opposite side to the one side. 1. An optical operational element , comprising:a photothermal conversion unit which converts light energy of input light into thermal energy; a light intensity variation unit which is in contact with the photothermal conversion unit and which varies, in accordance with a temperature variation accompanying heat generation or heat absorption by the photothermal conversion unit, intensity of external light that is introduced from the outside; anda housing unit which houses the light intensity variation unit and which introduces the external light from one side and outputs output light obtained by attenuating intensity of the external light to the outside on an opposite side to the one side.2. The optical operational element according to claim 1 , wherein the photothermal conversion unit includes a protruding portion in a direction perpendicular to a propagation direction of the external light claim 1 , the protruding portion is provided with an opening which is long in a transmission direction of temperature of the protruding portion claim 1 , and a beam of the external light is irradiated into the opening.3. The optical operational ...

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Номер записи: 42
10-02-2022 дата публикации

Laminated Switchable Panel and Methods for Making and Using

Номер: US20220040942A1
Автор: Wang Jiansheng
Принадлежит:

Method and composition for switchable panels are disclosed. Switchable films are placed between glass and liquid resin is injected between the glass and cured. The panels may be used for a wide variety of applications. 16.-. (canceled)7. A method for making a liquid resin laminated switchable panel , comprising:providing a layer of switchable film;placing the switchable film in a space between layers of glass, the layers of glass having edges;placing a liquid resin in the space between the layers of glass; andcuring the liquid resin to form the liquid resin laminated switchable panel.8. The method of claim wherein the switchable film comprises liquid crystal (LC) material.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the switchable film comprises suspended particle display (SPD) material or electrochromic material or thermochromic material.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the liquid resin is an acrylic claim 7 , urethane claim 7 , silicone claim 7 , polyester claim 7 , epoxy or polysulfide resin.11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of placing a liquid resin between the layers of glass includes gravity filling claim 7 , vacuum filling or pressure filling.12. The method of claim wherein the liquid resin is cured by exposing the liquid resin to daylight or ultraviolet light.13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the liquid resin is cured by application of heat.14. The method of claim 7 , further comprising the step of adding spacers into the liquid resin.15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of placing a liquid resin between the two layers of glass includes placing a seal at selected locations around the edges of the layers of glass before placing the liquid resin.16. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of placing a liquid resin between the layers of glass includes providing an inlet fixture and an outlet conduit before placing the liquid resin.17. The method of claim 7 , wherein a dye or pigment is added into the liquid resin before the liquid resin is placed ...

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Номер записи: 43
28-01-2016 дата публикации

DISPLAY APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING DISPLAY APPARATUS THEREOF

Номер: US20160026012A1
Автор: CHO Yun-seong, Lee Sung-Ho, SONG Woong-jae
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.

A display apparatus and a method for controlling the display apparatus are provided. The display apparatus includes a display panel unit, a reflector disposed on the display panel unit, a radiator, an illumination sensing unit, and a controller. A color of the reflector is changeable according to a temperature thereof, and the reflector is positioned to reflect light incident on the reflector from outside the display apparatus. The heat radiator generates heat to control the temperature of the reflector, and the illumination sensing unit senses an illumination value of light incident on the display apparatus from outside. The controller controls the heat radiator to change the temperature of the reflector according to the illumination value sensed by the illumination sensing unit. 1. A display apparatus , comprising:a display panel unit;a reflector, disposed on the display panel unit, wherein a color of a first side of the reflector is changeable based on a temperature thereof, and wherein the first side of the reflector is configured to reflect light incident thereon from outside the display apparatus;a heat radiator disposed on the reflector and configured to generate heat and thereby control the temperature of the reflector;an illumination sensing unit configured to sense light incident thereon from outside the display apparatus; anda controller configured to control the heat radiator to generate heat and thereby control a temperature of the first side of the reflector according to an illumination value sensed by the illumination sensing unit.2. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reflector comprises temperature indicating paint disposed on the first side of the reflector claim 1 , wherein a color of the temperature indicating paint is changeable according to a temperature thereof.3. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the first side of the reflector faces a direction from which light is incident on the display apparatus ...

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Номер записи: 44
26-01-2017 дата публикации

Polarizer and Polarization Modulation System

Номер: US20170023808A1
Автор: Fu Hongyan, Liu Wanyuan, Tu Xin
Принадлежит:

Embodiments provide a polarizer and a polarization modulation system. The polarizer includes at least one MMI multi-mode waveguide, where one side of each MMI multi-mode waveguide is connected to an input waveguide, and the other side is connected to an output waveguide. An end portion of the side, on which the output waveguide is located, of the MMI multi-mode waveguide is provided with an adjustable portion, and the adjustable portion is connected to the output waveguide. The polarizer further includes a controller connected to the adjustable portion, where the controller is configured to perform control to change a material property of the adjustable portion, so that the output waveguide outputs optical signals in different polarization states. 1. A polarizer , comprising:a MMI multi-mode waveguide, wherein one side of the MMI multi-mode waveguide is connected to an input waveguide, and a second side is connected to an output waveguide;wherein an end portion of the side of the MMI multi-mode waveguide on which the output waveguide is located is provided with an adjustable portion, and the adjustable portion is connected to the output waveguide; andwherein the polarizer further comprises a controller connected to the adjustable portion, wherein the controller is configured to perform control to change a material property of the adjustable portion, so that the output waveguide outputs optical signals in different polarization states.2. The polarizer according to claim 1 , wherein the material property of the adjustable portion comprises one or more of the following: a refractive index of the adjustable portion claim 1 , a magnetic conductivity of the adjustable portion claim 1 , and a light transmittance of the adjustable portion.3. The polarizer according to claim 2 , wherein:the adjustable portion comprises an electrode and a p-i-n junction; andthe controller is configured to change a refractive index, a magnetic conductivity, and/or a light transmittance of an ...

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Номер записи: 45
28-01-2021 дата публикации

APPARATUSES AND METHODS INVOLVING THERMALLY TUNED COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Номер: US20210024143A1
Автор: Chen Zhen, Fan Shanhui, Li Wei, SHI YU
Принадлежит:

An apparatus includes a substrate, at least one type of tuning material, and a composite material. The substrate has an interface surface or material that manifests, in response to light in a color spectrum, a particular color and a first thermal load. The particular color is associated with the first thermal load. The at least one type of tuning material manifests, in response to light in the color spectrum, the particular color and a second thermal load. The particular color is associated with the second thermal load. The first thermal load is different from the second thermal load. The composite material includes the interface surface or material and the at least one type of tuning material. The composite material manifests, in response to light in the color spectrum, the particular color and a tuned thermal load which is different than the first thermal load and the second thermal load. 1. An apparatus comprising:a substrate having an interface surface or material to manifest in response to light in a color spectrum, a particular color and a first thermal load, the particular color being associated with the first thermal load for the interface surface or material;at least one type of tuning material to manifest in response to light in the color spectrum, the particular color and a second thermal load, the particular color being associated with the second thermal load for said at least one type of tuning material, wherein the first thermal load is different from the second thermal load; anda composite material, including the interface surface or material of the substrate and the at least one type of tuning material, to manifest in response to light in the color spectrum, the particular color and a tuned thermal load which is different than both the first thermal load and the second thermal load.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the composite material claim 1 , when exposed to light in the color spectrum claim 1 , retains the particular color while changing ...

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Номер записи: 46
29-01-2015 дата публикации

TOUCH SENSOR

Номер: US20150029416A1
Автор: Lee Ho Joo, Lee Tae Kyung, Oh Beom Seok, OH Deok Seok
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRO-MECHANICS CO., LTD.

Embodiments of the invention provide a touch sensor, including a window substrate, and bezel layers formed along an outer circumference on the window substrate. The bezel layer includes a photochromic compound or a thermochromic compound expressing at least two colors.

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Номер записи: 47
02-02-2017 дата публикации

THERMOCHROMIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20170028763A1
Автор: Arsenault Andre, Perrier-Cornet Romain
Принадлежит:

A print on-demand color shift material which has high reflection, high saturation color and intrinsic, high impact color-shift produced by thermal printing or laser writing for use, for example in security laminates, tax and excise stamps, machine-readable features and banknote foils, and offering a rainbow of colors with full color shifting, producible in full manufacturing scale. 1. A tunable multilayer optical film having at least two layers , at least one layer comprising a plurality of fluidizable particles , there being interstitial void space between the particles , the at least one layer comprising a plurality of fluidizable particles , the layer having a first refractive index and a first optical thickness , the second layer having a second refractive index and a second optical thickness , the first refractive index being different from the second refractive index.2. The tunable multilayer optical film according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidizable particles comprise a core-shell configuration.3. The tunable multilayer optical film according to claim 1 , wherein coating components occupy at least a portion of the interstitial void space.4. The tunable multilayer optical film according to claim 3 , wherein the multilayer optical film has an initial set of optical properties claim 3 , wherein upon the application of energy claim 3 , the multilayer optical film's optical properties change to a second set of optical properties.5. The tunable multilayer optical film according to claim 4 , wherein the energy is provided in the form of thermal or radiant energy.6. The tunable multilayer optical film according to claim 5 , wherein the initial set of optical properties differs from the second set of optical properties in at least the property of optical thickness.7. The tunable multilayer optical film according to claim 5 , wherein the initial set of optical properties differs from the second set of optical properties in at least the property of geometric thickness. ...

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Номер записи: 48
01-02-2018 дата публикации

ON-CHIP OPTICAL POLARIZATION CONTROLLER

Номер: US20180031872A1
Автор: REANO Ronald M., Sun Peng, Xu Qiang
Принадлежит:

An example optical polarization controller can include a substantially planar substrate and a waveguide unit cell formed on the substantially planar substrate. The waveguide unit cell can include a first out-of-plane waveguide portion and a second out-of-plane waveguide portion coupled to the first out-of-plane waveguide portion. Each of the first and second out-of-plane waveguide portions can respectively include a core material layer arranged between a first optical cladding layer having a first stress-response property and a second optical cladding layer having a second stress-response property. The first and second stress-response properties can be different such that each of the first and second out-of-plane waveguide portions is deflected by a deflection angle. 1. An optical polarization controller , comprising:a substantially planar substrate; anda waveguide unit cell formed on the substantially planar substrate, the waveguide unit cell comprising:a first out-of-plane waveguide portion, anda second out-of-plane waveguide portion coupled to the first out-of-plane waveguide portion, wherein each of the first and second out-of-plane waveguide portions respectively includes a core material layer arranged between a first optical cladding layer having a first stress-response property and a second optical cladding layer having a second stress-response property that is different than the first stress-response property such that each of the first and second out-of-plane waveguide portions is deflected by a deflection angle, and wherein the first out-of-plane waveguide portion or the second out-of-plane waveguide portion forms a bend in a direction that is different than a direction of deflection.2. The optical polarization controller of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first out-of-plane waveguide portion or the second out-of-plane waveguide portion is deflected toward or away from the substantially planar substrate.3. The optical polarization controller of claim ...

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Номер записи: 49
17-02-2022 дата публикации

FAST THERMAL TUNING OF A PLANAR LIGHTWAVE CIRCUIT

Номер: US20220050313A1
Автор: SALEHIOMRAN Ali
Принадлежит:

An optical device may include a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) waveguide to guide an optical signal. The optical device may include a thermo-optic phase shifter to receive a control signal for controlling a temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter, the temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter being used to apply a phase shift to the optical signal in the PLC waveguide, and adjust the temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter based on the control signal. The optical device may include a feedback component to generate feedback associated with applying the phase shift. The optical device may include a controller to adjust the control signal based on the feedback, the control signal being adjusted to reduce a response time of the thermo-optic phase shifter in applying the phase shift. 1. An optical device , comprising:a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) waveguide to guide an optical signal;{'claim-text': ['receive a control signal for controlling a temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter, the temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter being used to apply a phase shift to the optical signal in the PLC waveguide, and', 'adjust the temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter based on the control signal;'], '#text': 'a thermo-optic phase shifter to:'}a feedback component to generate feedback associated with applying the phase shift; anda controller to adjust the control signal based on the feedback, the control signal being adjusted to reduce a response time of the thermo-optic phase shifter in applying the phase shift.2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the feedback component comprises a thermistor.3. The optical device of claim 2 , wherein the feedback indicates a temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter.4. The optical device of claim 2 , wherein the feedback is an electrical signal that is proportional to a temperature of the thermo-optic phase shifter.5. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the feedback component comprises a tap and ...

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Номер записи: 50
05-02-2015 дата публикации

OPTICAL FILTER WITH LIGHT SOURCE

Номер: US20150036204A1
Автор: Branda Neil Robin, Finden Jeremy Graham, Lam Duhane, Sargent Jonathan Ross, Shippam Cynthia Elizabeth, Wiggin Douglas Malcolm
Принадлежит: Switch Materials, Inc.

An apparatus comprising a switchable optical filter comprising a layer of switchable material, the switchable material comprising a photochromic/thermochromic, a photochromic/photochromic, or a photochromic/electrochromic compound; a first light source providing light of a wavelength that causes the switchable material to transition from a faded state to a dark state, or a dark state to a faded state; and a switch for controlling activation of the first light source

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Номер записи: 51
30-01-2020 дата публикации

EXPANDED COLOR GAMUT FOR THERMOCHROMIC COLOR PROCESSING

Номер: US20200033643A1
Автор: Chua Christopher L., Jackson Warren B., Pattekar Ashish
Принадлежит:

An article includes a substrate with at least first and second materials disposed in or over the substrate. The first material is a non-color changeable material of at least one first color and the second material is a thermochromic color changeable material activated to produce at least one second color different from the first color. Additive color mixing of the first and second colors produces at least one third color different from the first and second colors. 1. An article , comprising:a substrate;a first material disposed in or over the substrate; anda second material disposed in or over the substrate, the first material being a non-color changeable material of at least one first color and the second material being a thermochromic color changeable material activated to produce at least one second color different from the first color, wherein additive color mixing of the first and second colors produces at least one third color different from the first and second colors.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the color changeable material comprises constituents enabling it to be activated by exposure to laser light claim 1 , directed hot air claim 1 , or in-contact heating elements3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first material is disposed between the second material and the substrate.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the second material is disposed between the first material and the substrate.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first material and the second material is embedded within the substrate.6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first material and the second material are patterned side by side in or over the substrate.7. The article of claim 1 , wherein:at least one of the first material and the second material is patterned into regions of the at least one material; andthe third color is a halftone color produced by additive color mixing of the first color and the second color.8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least ...

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Номер записи: 52
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Display apparatus

Номер: US20200033644A1
Автор: Ben Broughton, Harish Bhaskaran, Peiman Hosseini, Richard Holliday
Принадлежит: Bodle Technologies Ltd

A display apparatus includes an optically opaque layer and one or more stacks of additional layers provided on the optically opaque layer. Each stack has an optically switchable layer. A plurality of switching elements are located on a side of the optically opaque layer opposite to the one or more stacks. Each switching element is operable to apply a signal, for example an electrical signal or a thermal signal, through the optically opaque layer to a switchable portion of the optically switchable layer and thereby change an appearance of the switchable portion when viewed from a viewing side of the display apparatus. The surface area of the optically opaque layer on the viewing side is at least 10% larger than the total surface area of the switchable portions on the viewing side.

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Номер записи: 53
01-02-2018 дата публикации

Vehicular multi-camera vision system

Номер: US20180035050A1
Автор: Richard D. Shriner, Yuesheng Lu
Принадлежит: MAGNA ELECTRONICS INC

A vision system for a vehicle includes a plurality of cameras with one camera functioning as a master camera and other cameras functioning as slave cameras. During a forward driving maneuver of the vehicle, a forward viewing camera functions as the master camera and at least a driver-side sideward viewing camera and a passenger-side sideward viewing camera function as slave cameras. During a reversing maneuver of the vehicle, a rearward viewing camera functions as the master camera and at least the driver-side sideward viewing camera and the passenger-side sideward viewing camera function as slave cameras. The vision system is operable to synthesize a composite image derived from image data captured by at least the master camera and the driver-side sideward viewing camera and the passenger-side sideward viewing camera. Operating parameters of the master camera are used at least by the driver-side sideward viewing camera and the passenger-side sideward viewing camera.

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Номер записи: 54
31-01-2019 дата публикации

OFF QUADRATURE MACH-ZEHNDER MODULATOR BIASING

Номер: US20190036610A1
Автор: Nagarajan Radhakrishnan L., ROPE Todd, Shankar Hari
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to telecommunication techniques and integrated circuit (IC) devices. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide an off-quadrature modulation system. Once an off-quadrature modulation position is determined, a ratio between DC power transfer amplitude and dither tone amplitude for a modulator is as a control loop target to stabilize off-quadrature modulation. DC power transfer amplitude is obtained by measuring and sampling the output of an optical modulator. Dither tone amplitude is obtained by measuring and sampling the modulator output and performing calculation using the optical modulator output values and corresponding dither tone values. There are other embodiments as well. 1. An off-quadrature biased optical modulation system comprising:a driver module configured to output a driving signal, the driving signal including a dither tone component;a memory for storing a lookup table and a predetermined ratio, the lookup table comprising an array of n sine values based on a plurality of n dither frequencies, the lookup table further comprising an array of n cosine values based on the plurality of n dither frequencies;a modulator configured to generate a dump signal using at least the driving signal;an analog to digital converter (ADC) configured to sample the dump signal to generate n dump samples;a microcontroller unit being configured to calculate a measured ratio based a first sum and the second sum, the first sum being based on the n dump samples, the second sum being based on the n dump samples and the array of n cosine values and the array of n sine values; anda control module being configured to adjust one or more operating parameters to match the measured ratio to a predetermined ratio.2. The system of wherein the n wherein the predetermined ratio is associated with a set of optimized operating parameters.3. The system of further comprising a light source.4. The system of wherein the modulator is configured ...

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Номер записи: 55
08-02-2018 дата публикации

Plural Element Composite Materials, Methods for Making and Using the Same

Номер: US20180039101A1
Автор: RIBI HANS O.
Принадлежит:

The invention provides composite materials comprising a shape change element and an optical change element, which elements undergo a change in response to an applied stimulus. Also provided are objects that include the subject shape changing materials, as well as methods of making and using the same. 1. A composite material comprising:(a) a shape change component that changes shape in response to a first applied stimulus; and(b) an optical change component that changes an optical property in response to a second applied stimulus.2. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said shape change component is a shape memory component.3. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein optical change component is a chromic change component.4. The composite material according to claim 1 , said first applied stimulus is a temperature change.5. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said first applied stimulus is a light change.6. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said second applied stimulus is a temperature change.7. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said second applied stimulus is a light change.8. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said first applied stimulus and second applied stimulus are the same.9. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said first applied stimulus and second applied stimulus are different.10. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said composite material undergoes a shape and optical change simultaneously.11. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said composite material undergoes a shape and optical change sequentially.12. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said composite material is a plastic.13. The composite material according to claim 12 , wherein said shape change and optical change components are comolded.14. The composite material according to claim 12 , wherein said optical change component ...

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Номер записи: 56
07-02-2019 дата публикации

COATING FOR OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20190040520A1
Автор: KRAMMER Anna, PAONE Antonio, Schüler Andreas
Принадлежит: ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL)

Single- or multilayered coating, such as a selective solar absorber coating or a coating being part of an integrated electronic circuit, comprising one or more layers containing germanium (Ge) doped VO, where −0.1≤x≤0.1. 1. Single- or multilayered coating , such as a selective solar absorber coating or a coating being part of an integrated electronic circuit , comprising at least one layer containing VO , with −0.1≤x≤0.1 , doped with one or several elements and wherein one of those elements is germanium (Ge).2. Coating according to for use as a solar absorber wherein the temperature of the thermochromic transition in the said layer is above 75° C.3. Coating according to where the total cumulated layer thickness of the Ge doped VO(−0.1≤x≤0.1) containing layer is in the range from 70 nm to 330 nm.4. Coating according to with an atomic concentration of germanium in the VO(−0.1≤x≤0.1) containing layer in the range from 0.01 at. % and 7 at. %.5. Coating according to where a highly infrared reflective substrate such as Al claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , stainless steel is used.6. Coating according to comprising a diffusion that contains AlO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , metal nitrides or ternary compounds such as TiSiN claim 1 , CrSiNetc. . . . and wherein the thickness of said barrier is between 20 and 90 nm.7. Coating according to where one or more layers of solar absorbing layers are used claim 1 , such as e.g. TiAlON claim 1 , TiSiON claim 1 , CrAlON claim 1 , CrSiON claim 1 , a-C:H/Me claim 1 , a-Si:C:H/Me claim 1 , TiAlN claim 1 , NbTiXON claim 1 , SiON claim 1 , where x claim 1 , y claim 1 , z≥0.8. Coating according to where a top coating is used as anti-reflection layer with a thickness between 20 and 150 nm and wherein the real part of the refractive index of this top coating is in the range from 1.4 to 1.8 at a wavelength of 550 nm.9. Coating according to where the top coating contains SiOor AlO.10. Coating according to where the layer containing Ge doped VO(−0.1≤x≤0.1) is ...

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Номер записи: 57
24-02-2022 дата публикации

TUNABLE WAVEGUIDE GRATING WITH A HEATING LAYER

Номер: US20220057581A1
Автор: Caer Charles, DWIVEDI Sarvagya Paavan
Принадлежит:

An optical device including a waveguide grating is disclosed. The optical device may be used as an optical cavity for a laser device, for instance, of an integrated laser device for light detection and ranging (Lidar) applications. In one aspect, the optical device includes a waveguide grating for guiding light, a heating layer provided beneath or above the waveguide grating, and two or more contacts for passing a current through the heating layer, to generate heat in the heating layer. The heating layer is thermally coupled to the waveguide grating and is optically decoupled from the waveguide grating. 1. An optical device comprising:a waveguide grating for guiding light;a heating layer provided beneath or above the waveguide grating; andtwo or more contacts for passing a current through the heating layer, to generate heat in the heating layer,wherein the heating layer is thermally coupled to the waveguide grating and is optically decoupled from the waveguide grating.2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein:the heating layer is configured to not support and/or influence an optical mode of the light guided in the waveguide grating.3. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein:the heating layer is transparent in the wavelength range of the light guided in the waveguide grating.4. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein:the heating layer is in direct thermal contact with the waveguide grating.5. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein:the heating layer has a thickness in a range of 20-70 nm; andthe waveguide grating has a thickness of between 200-1200 nm.6. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein:the heating layer comprises silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, a thin-film diamond, aluminum nitride, or boron nitride; andthe waveguide grating comprises silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, tantalum pentoxide, niobium pentoxide, or titanium oxide.7. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein:the ...

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Номер записи: 58
07-02-2019 дата публикации

TUNABLE LIGHT SOURCE, OPTICAL MODULE, AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING TUNABLE LIGHT SOURCE

Номер: US20190041670A1
Автор: SUGIYAMA Masaki
Принадлежит: FUJITSU OPTICAL COMPONENTS LIMITED

A tunable light source includes a substrate; a light source; a wavelength selecting device that selects, according to a control signal, output light with a specific wavelength from light output from the light source; a wavelength filter that is disposed on the substrate, filters the output light, and outputs the filtered light; a light-receiving device that receives the filtered light from the wavelength filter; and a controller configured to generate the control signal based on an output transmittance corresponding to a quantity of the received light received by the light-receiving device, a first transmittance corresponding to a target wavelength, a second transmittance corresponding to a shorter-wavelength limit of a control range including the target wavelength, and a third transmittance corresponding to a longer-wavelength limit of the control range, and output the generated control signal to the wavelength selecting device. 1. A tunable light source , comprising:a substrate;a light source;a wavelength selecting device that selects, according to a control signal, output light with a specific wavelength from light output from the light source;a wavelength filter that is disposed on the substrate, filters the output light, and outputs the filtered light;a light-receiving device that receives the filtered light from the wavelength filter; and generate the control signal based on an output transmittance corresponding to a quantity of the received light received by the light-receiving device, a first transmittance corresponding to a target wavelength, a second transmittance corresponding to a shorter-wavelength limit of a control range including the target wavelength, and a third transmittance corresponding to a longer-wavelength limit of the control range, and', 'output the generated control signal to the wavelength selecting device., 'a controller configured to'}2. The tunable light source as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured ...

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Номер записи: 59
06-02-2020 дата публикации

Wavelength locking filter

Номер: US20200041823A1
Автор: Robert Silvio Guzzon
Принадлежит: Aurrion Inc

An optical system can automatically lock an adjustable spectral filter to a first wavelength of an incoming light signal, and can automatically filter an additional incoming light signal at the first wavelength. A tunable filter can have a filtering spectrum with an adjustable peak wavelength and increasing attenuation at wavelengths away from the adjustable peak wavelength. The tunable filter can receive first input light, having a first wavelength, and can spectrally filter the first input light to form first output light. A detector can detect at least a fraction of the first output light. Circuitry coupled to the detector and the tunable filter can tune the tunable filter to maximize a signal from the detector and thereby adjust the peak wavelength to match the first wavelength. The tunable filter further can receive second input light and spectrally filter the second input light at the first wavelength.

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Номер записи: 60
06-02-2020 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LASER SYSTEMS WITH VARIABLE BEAM PARAMETER PRODUCT UTILIZING THERMO-OPTIC EFFECTS

Номер: US20200041864A1
Автор: Chann Bien, Deutsch Michael, Nguyen Dat, Tayebati Parviz, VILLARREAL-SAUCEDO Francisco
Принадлежит:

In various embodiments, a beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system alters a spatial power distribution of a radiation beam, via thermo-optic effects, before the beam is coupled into an optical fiber or delivered to a workpiece. 126.-. (canceled)27. A beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system for receiving and altering a spatial power distribution of a radiation beam from a beam source and focusing the radiation with the altered spatial power distribution onto a workpiece , the system comprising:a thermo-optic element for receiving the radiation beam and propagating the radiation beam toward the workpiece;spaced apart from the thermo-optic element, a heat source for heating portions of the thermo-optic element to alter refractive indices thereof, thereby forming an optical distortion pattern within the thermo-optic element;one or more first optical elements for receiving heat from the heat source and directing the heat to the thermo-optic element, whereby the optical distortion pattern is formed within the thermo-optic element;focusing optics for receiving the radiation beam from the thermo-optic element and focusing the radiation beam on the workpiece; anda controller for controlling the thermo-optic element and/or the heat source to achieve a target altered spatial power distribution on the workpiece, the target altered spatial power distribution resulting at least in part from interaction between the radiation beam and the optical distortion pattern within the thermo-optic element.28. The system of claim 27 , further comprising a second optical element for directing the radiation beam onto the thermo-optic element.29. The system of claim 28 , wherein the second optical element comprises one or more lenses and/or one or more mirrors.30. The system of claim 28 , wherein at least one said first optical element is disposed within an optical path between the second optical element and the thermo-optic element.31. The system of claim 30 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 61
19-02-2015 дата публикации

Dynamic optical valve for mitigating non-uniform heating in laser processing

Номер: US20150048062A1
Автор: Bruce E. Adams
Принадлежит: Applied Materials Inc

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to an optical valve that modifies a laser beam to allow more energy to be irradiated onto less absorbing areas on a substrate and less energy to be irradiated onto more absorbing areas on the substrate, thus creating a more uniform heating field. The optical valve is a layered structure comprising a reflective switch layer, an absorbing layer, a thermal resistor and a thermal bath.

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Номер записи: 62
18-02-2021 дата публикации

RECONFIGURABLE METASURFACE WITH TUNABLE ANTENNAS FORMED FROM ARRAYS OF PIXELS OF AN OPTICALLY TUNABLE MATERIAL

Номер: US20210048693A1
Автор: Falk Abram L., Farmer Damon Brooks, LAI Kafai, Rosenberg Jessie Carrigan
Принадлежит:

An apparatus includes two or more tunable antennas providing a reconfigurable metasurface, each of the tunable antennas including a plurality of pixels of optically tunable material, and a control circuit including switches providing current sources and a ground voltage, the switches being coupled to respective ones of the pixels of optically tunable material in each of the tunable antennas via first electrodes, the ground voltage being coupled to respective ones of the pixels of optically tunable material in each of the tunable antennas via second electrodes. The control circuit is configured to modify states of respective ones of the plurality of pixels of optically tunable material in the tunable antennas utilizing current supplied between the first electrodes and the second electrodes to adjust reflectivity of the plurality of pixels of optically tunable material in each of the tunable antennas to dynamically reconfigure respective antenna shape configurations of the tunable antennas. 1. An apparatus comprising:two or more tunable antennas providing a reconfigurable metasurface, each of the two or more tunable antennas comprising a plurality of pixels of optically tunable material; anda control circuit comprising a plurality of switches providing current sources and a ground voltage, the plurality of switches being coupled to respective ones of the plurality of pixels of optically tunable material in each of the two or more tunable antennas via one of a plurality of first electrodes, the ground voltage being coupled to respective ones of the plurality of pixels of optically tunable material in each of the two or more tunable antennas via one of a plurality of second electrodes;wherein the control circuit is configured to modify states of respective ones of the plurality of pixels of optically tunable material in the two or more tunable antennas utilizing current supplied between the first electrodes and the second electrodes to adjust reflectivity of the ...

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Номер записи: 63
07-02-2019 дата публикации

Processing of multimode optical signals

Номер: US20190044640A1
Автор: Brian Stern, Michal Lipson
Принадлежит: CORNELL UNIVERSITY

This patent document provides optical processing and switching of optical channels based on mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). In one implementation, a method is provided for processing different optical signal channels to include receiving different input optical signal channels in different optical waveguide modes and in different wavelengths; converting input optical signal channels in multimodes into single-mode optical signal channels, respectively; subsequent to the conversion, processing single-mode optical signal channels obtained from the different input optical signal channels to re-group single-mode optical signal channels into different groups of processed single-mode optical signal channels; and converting different groups of the processed single-mode optical signal channels into different groups of output optical signal channels containing one or more optical signal channels in multimodes multimode signals to direct the groups as different optical outputs.

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Номер записи: 64
15-02-2018 дата публикации

COLOR CHANGING APPARATUSES WITH SOLAR CELLS

Номер: US20180047860A1
Автор: CHU WEI-KUANG, Lim Hui Leng, Wu Kuan-Ting, YANG CHIENLUNG
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides a color changing apparatus. The color changing apparatus includes a solar cell assembly to absorb solar energy and converse the solar energy to thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation. The color changing apparatus also includes a color changing element to be in contact with the solar cell and display different color features by absorbing the thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation provided by the solar cell assembly. 1. A color changing apparatus , comprising:a solar cell assembly to absorb solar energy and provide thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation;a color changing element to be in contact with the solar cell and display different color features by absorbing the thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation provided by the solar cell assembly.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the color changing element is a flexible photochromic band or a flexible thermochromic band and the solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of flexible solar cells claim 1 , and wherein the flexible solar cells of the solar cell assembly are arranged into a plurality of recesses formed in the color changing element claim 1 , respectively.31. The apparatus according to clan claim 1 , further comprising a back-up battery unit to provide thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation in the color changing apparatus in place of the solar cell assembly when the solar cell assembly does not work normally.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the color changing element is disposed over a substrate.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the color changing element is a flexible photochromic coating or a flexible thermochromic claim 4 , coating and the solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of flexible solar cells claim 4 , and wherein the flexible solar cells of the solar cell assembly are arranged into a plurality of recesses formed in the substrate claim 4 , respectively claim 4 , and the color changing element is ...

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Номер записи: 65
08-05-2014 дата публикации

TUNABLE BRAGG STACK

Номер: US20140126037A1
Автор: Arsenault Andre, Ozin Geoffrey Alan, PUZZO DANIEL PATRICK
Принадлежит: OPALUX INCORPORATED

A tunable photonic crystal device comprising: alternating layers of a first material and a second material, the alternating layers comprising a responsive material, the responsive material being responsive to an external stimulus, the alternating layers having a periodic difference in refractive indices giving rise to a first reflected wavelength; wherein, in response to the external stimulus, a change in the responsive material results in a reflected wavelength of the device shifting from the first reflected wavelength to a second reflected wavelength. 163.-. (canceled)64. A tunable photonic crystal comprising:a first layer comprising a first refractive index; anda second layer comprising a second refractive index, wherein the second layer is in contact with the first layer,wherein the first and second refractive indices are different, andwherein the first or second layer comprises a responsive material that is responsive to an external stimulus, wherein, in response to the external stimulus, a change in the responsive material results in a reflected wavelength of the tunable photonic crystal shifting from a first reflected wavelength to a second reflected wavelength.65. The tunable photonic crystal of claim 64 , wherein the first layer comprises an electrically conductive polymer claim 64 , and the second layer comprises nano- or micro-particles.66. The tunable photonic crystal of claim 65 , wherein the second layer comprises nanoparticles that include a metal oxide.67. The tunable photonic crystal of claim 66 , wherein the metal oxide is titanium dioxide.68. The tunable photonic crystal of claim 66 , wherein the electrically conductive polymer comprises a redox active group.69. The tunable photonic crystal of claim 68 , wherein the external stimulus is an electrical stimulus and the responsive material is a metallopolymer having a redox response to the electrical stimulus or a piezoelectric material that exhibits a change in dimensions in response to the ...

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Номер записи: 66
03-03-2022 дата публикации

LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING SYSTEM

Номер: US20220065994A1
Автор: DOYLEND Jonathan, Li Zhi, Liu Ansheng, Monifi Faraz
Принадлежит:

A light detection and ranging system that may include a light source configured to provide a second optical input signal to a second input port of a multimode interferometer that is phase shifted to a first optical input signal provided to a first input port of the multimode interferometer. The multimode interferometer is configured to provide a second optical output signal to a second optical channel coupled to a second output port of the multimode interferometer, and to provide a first optical output signal to a first optical channel coupled to a first output port of the multimode interferometer. Each of the first optical channel and the second optical channel is configured to emit light to an outside of the light detection and ranging system, and wherein the multimode interferometer is configured to generate a frequency difference between the first optical output signal and the second optical output signal. 1. A light detection and ranging system comprising:a light source configured to provide a second optical input signal to a second input port of a multimode interferometer that is phase shifted to a first optical input signal provided to a first input port of the multimode interferometer;wherein the multimode interferometer is configured to provide a second optical output signal to a second optical channel coupled to a second output port of the multimode interferometer, and to provide a first optical output signal to a first optical channel coupled to a first output port of the multimode interferometer, wherein each of the first optical channel and the second optical channel is configured to emit light to an outside of the light detection and ranging system, and wherein the multimode interferometer is configured to generate a frequency difference between the first optical output signal and the second optical output signal.2. The light detection and ranging system of claim 1 ,wherein the light source comprises a light emitting semiconductor structure configured ...

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Номер записи: 67
03-03-2022 дата публикации

THERMOCHROMIC CONTACT LENS

Номер: US20220066236A1
Автор: Somosky Kathryn
Принадлежит:

A contact lens is shown with patterns of thermochromic coating over the lens. The thermochromic coating is designed to change from colored to clear at just below body temperature in a human ocular surface or about 90 degrees Fahrenheit. As the lens cools in the ambient environment outside the eye, the thermochromic coating changes from clear to colored. The pattern is designed to provide contrasting colors when the contact lens is removed from the eye. 1. A thermochromic contact lens comprising:(a) a contact lens;(b) a thermally reversible thermochromic material on the contact lens that shifts from a color to colorless at approximately normal human temperature within a human eye.2. The thermochromic contact lens of claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic material is applied to the lens to form a pattern with portions of the pattern of thermochromic material remaining free of thermochromic material and the remaining portions of the pattern including the thermochromic material.3. The thermochromic contact lens of claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic material is applied to the lens to form a pattern with portions of the pattern of thermochromic material comprising thermochromic material that shifts between a first color to colorless and thermochromic material that shifts between a second color to colorless claim 1 , wherein the first color is visually distinguishable from the second color. This claims one or more inventions which were disclosed in Provisional Application No. 63/073,693 filed Sep. 2, 2020, entitled “THERMOCHROMIC CONTACT LENS”. The benefit under 35 USC § 119(e) of the United States provisional application is hereby claimed, and the aforementioned application is hereby incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to contact lenses, and more specifically to contact lenses coated with a thermochromic pigment that changes color w % ben removed from the eye.Contacts have been used that will darken with sunlight (transition lenses) and include ...

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Номер записи: 68
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Optical Signal Processing Apparatus and Manufacturing Method Thereof

Номер: US20220066244A1
Автор: Go Takashi, Moriwaki Osamu, Suzuki Kenya, Yamaguchi Keita, Yanagihara Ai
Принадлежит:

The present invention realizes an optical signal processing device that enables using a thermal oxidation silica film as the under clad of a silica PLC while also increasing the thickness of the under clad and reducing the time required for film growth during manufacturing. The optical signal processing device is formed as a planar optical circuit that includes an optical waveguide formed on a silicon substrate, and has a phase modulation element that employs a thermo-optical effect. A plurality of silica films are provided between a core of the optical waveguide and the silicon substrate, and at least one of the silica films was formed by thermal oxidation. 1. An optical signal processing device formed as a planar optical circuit that includes an optical waveguide formed on a silicon substrate , and having a phase modulation element that employs a thermo-optical effect , wherein a plurality of silica films are provided between a core of the optical waveguide and the silicon substrate , and at least one of the silica films was formed by thermal oxidation.2. The optical signal processing device according to claim 1 , wherein a silicon layer is provided at at least one interface between the silica films.3. The optical signal processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon substrate and the silica films were produced by lamination of a plurality of substrates.4. The optical signal processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.5. The optical signal processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical signal processing device has a function of a matrix switch claim 1 , a multicast switch claim 1 , or an optical filter or an optical signal attenuator.6. A method for manufacturing an optical signal processing device claim 1 , comprising the steps of:forming a first silica film on a front surface of a first silicon substrate;laminating the first silicon substrate on another second silicon ...

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Номер записи: 69
14-02-2019 дата публикации

OPTICAL SIGNAL GENERATOR COMPRISING A PHASE SHIFTER

Номер: US20190049816A1
Автор: Kettler Thorsten, MEISTER Stefan, Otte Sven
Принадлежит: SICOYA GMBH

An embodiment of the invention relates to an optical signal generator comprising an optical emitter configured to generate a beam of optical radiation, a first and second beam deflecting element, a modulator being located between the beam deflecting elements, a phase shifter located between the beam deflecting elements, a control unit configured to control the phase-shift of the phase shifter, wherein the first and second beam deflecting elements, the phase shifter and the modulator are located in the same plane, wherein the beam generated by the optical emitter is angled relative to said plane, wherein said first beam deflecting element is configured to deflect the emitter's beam into the plane towards the modulator, said modulator being configured to modulate the emitter's radiation and outputting a modulated radiation, wherein said second beam deflecting element is configured to deflect the modulated radiation off the plane towards an output port of the signal generator, wherein the modulator is configured to modulate the emitter's radiation in response to an electrical data signal that is applied to the modulator and comprises a data stream, and wherein the control unit is configured to generate a control signal in order to control the phase-shift of the phase shifter and in order to avoid or reduce an impact of reflected radiation on the emitter's emission characteristic. 1. Optical signal generator comprisingan optical emitter configured to generate a beam of optical radiation,a first and second beam deflecting element,a modulator being located between the beam deflecting elements,a phase shifter located between the beam deflecting elements,a control unit configured to control the phase-shift of the phase shifter,wherein the first and second beam deflecting elements, the phase shifter and the modulator are located in the same plane,wherein the beam generated by the optical emitter is angled relative to said plane,wherein said first beam deflecting element is ...

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Номер записи: 70
13-02-2020 дата публикации

Method and System for Optical Phase Modulation with Reduced Harmonic Content

Номер: US20200050027A1
Автор: Babin André
Принадлежит:

An optical phase modulation device for modulating a phase of an input light signal at a modulation frequency is provided, which can be used in integrated photonics applications. The device can include an optical phase modulator, for example a thermo-optic phase shifter having an effective refractive index that depends linearly temperature, configured to impart a phase shift to the input light signal, the phase shift varying quadratically in response to an applied modulating electric drive signal. The device can also include a phase modulator driver configured to apply the electric drive signal to the optical phase modulator, the electric drive signal having a time-varying component oscillating at half the modulation frequency and no time-constant component, thereby imparting the phase shift, modulated at the modulation frequency, to the phase of the input light signal to produce a phase-modulated light signal. Optical phase modulation systems and methods are also disclosed. 1. An optical phase modulation system , comprising:a light source assembly configured to emit an input light signal;an optical phase modulator comprising:a modulating waveguide section for receiving and supporting propagation of the input light signal, the modulating waveguide section having an effective refractive index that depends linearly on temperature; anda resistive heater in thermal contact with the modulating waveguide section; anda phase modulator driver configured to apply a drive voltage or electric current having a time-varying component oscillating at half the modulation frequency and no time-constant component to the resistive heater to generate heat that is transferred into the modulating waveguide section, thereby changing the effective refractive index, and in turn, the phase of the input light signal propagating therealong to produce a phase-modulated light signal modulated at the modulation frequency.2. The optical phase modulation system of claim 1 , wherein the optical phase ...

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Номер записи: 71
15-05-2014 дата публикации

Electrochromic Device

Номер: US20140133007A1
Автор: Granqvist Claes Göran
Принадлежит: CHROMOGENICS AB

An electrochromic device () comprises a layered structure () having an ion conducting electrolyte layer (). The ion conducting electrolyte layer () in turn comprises particles () absorbing electromagnetic radiation. The particles () are electrically conducting. The particles have a main light absorption above 700 nm. 113.-. (canceled)14. An electrochromic device , comprising:a layered structure having an ion conducting electrolyte layer; whereinsaid ion conducting electrolyte layer comprises particles absorbing electromagnetic radiation,said particles are electrically conducting; andsaid particles have a main light absorption above 700 nm.15. The electrochromic device according to claim 14 , wherein said particles have a size below 400 nm claim 14 , preferably below 100 nm.1614. The electrochromic device according to claim 14 , wherein said particles have a main light absorption above 750 nm.1714. The electrochromic device according to claim 14 , wherein said particles comprise transparent conducting oxides.18. The electrochromic device according to claim 17 , wherein said particles comprise at least one of:doped tin oxides;doped zinc oxides;doped indium oxides;doped tungsten oxides; anddoped titanium oxides.19. The electrochromic device according to claim 14 , wherein said particles comprise thermochromic material.20. The electrochromic device according to claim 19 , wherein said thermochromic material comprises at least one of:a metal oxide;a metal sulphide; andan organic thermochromic material.21. The electrochromic device according to claim 20 , wherein said thermochromic material comprises at least one of:vanadium dioxide; anddoped vanadium dioxide.22. The electrochromic device according to claim 14 , wherein said particles comprise LaB.23. The electrochromic device according to claim 14 , wherein said ion conducting electrolyte layer comprises particles with different conductivity.24. The electrochromic device according to claim 14 , wherein said ion ...

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Номер записи: 72
21-02-2019 дата публикации

ELECTRONICS CASE WITH THERMOCHROMIC PANEL

Номер: US20190053590A1
Автор: MODY Saumil Chetan, PHILIP Nitin Koshy
Принадлежит:

A case for an electronic device according to an example embodiment of the invention. The case defines a space or housing for receiving an electronic device such as a smartphone or tablet computer. At least a portion of the case is formed from a thermochromatic material. As used herein, the term thermochromic refers to a material that changes color in response to a change in temperature of the material and/or a temperature of an object contacting the material. 1. A case for an electronic device , at least a portion of the case comprising a color-changing thermochromic material having an original color and being temperature responsive to change the color of at least a portion of the thermochromic panel to a color differing from the original color upon exposure to a change in temperature.2. The electronic device case of claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic material is temperature-responsive to change color in response to a user handling the case.3. The electronic device case of claim 1 , wherein a change in temperature of the thermochromic material occurs when the thermochromic material is contacted by an object having a temperature greater or lower than room temperature.4. The electronic device case of claim 3 , wherein the thermochromic material only changes color in areas directly contacted by the object having a temperature greater or lower than room temperature.5. The electronic device case of claim 3 , wherein the thermochromic material returns to its original color upon reversal of the change in temperature.6. The electronic device case of claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic material passes through a series of different colors in response to passing through a range of different temperatures.7. The electronic device case of claim 6 , wherein the series of different colors comprises colors in the spectrum of visible light.8. The electronic device case of claim 6 , wherein the series of different colors comprises red claim 6 , orange claim 6 , yellow claim 6 , green ...

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Номер записи: 73
10-03-2022 дата публикации

DECOLORIZING APPARATUS

Номер: US20220074796A1
Автор: HARAYAMA Daisuke, Ishikawa Daisuke, KITAWAKI Takaya, TAIRA Kazuki
Принадлежит: TOSHIBA TEC KABUSHIKI KAISHA

A decolorizing apparatus includes a translucent heater, a casing, and a controller. The translucent heater is configured to generate heat according to an applied voltage. The casing is configured to support the translucent heater. The controller is configured to apply a voltage to the translucent heater. The voltage is associated with a temperature at which a thermochromic colorant. 1. A decolorizing apparatus comprising:a translucent heater configured to generate heat according to an applied voltage;a casing configured to support the translucent heater; anda controller configured to apply a voltage to the translucent heater, the voltage associated with a temperature at which a thermochromic colorant.2. The decolorizing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the translucent heater includes a translucent film which generates heat according to the voltage claim 1 , and a translucent substrate on which the translucent film is supported.3. The decolorizing apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature switch configured to designate a target temperature;wherein the controller is configured to select the voltage based on the target temperature.4. The decolorizing apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:the translucent film includes a plurality of film regions, andthe controller is configured to apply the voltage to the plurality of film regions respectively.5. The decolorizing apparatus of claim 4 , wherein:the plurality of film regions includes a first film region and a second film region, andthe second film region is larger than the first film region.6. The decolorizing apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:the first film region is shaped as a rectangular;the second film region is L-shaped; andthe first film region is adjacent the second film region.7. The decolorizing apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:the first film region is shaped as a first isosceles trapezoid;the second film region is shaped as a second isosceles trapezoid; andthe first film region is adjacent the second film ...

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Номер записи: 74
03-03-2016 дата публикации

FLAT-TOP TUNABLE FILTER

Номер: US20160062208A1
Автор: Fondeur Barthelemy, Frenkel Leonid, Hua Yimin, Milinkovic Vlatko, Shen Jinxi, Walker David R., Zhang Yu
Принадлежит:

A tunable PLC optical filter having sequentially connected thermally tunable Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometers is described. The cascade of MZ interferometers, each having a free spectral ranges matching ITU frequency grid spacing, are tuned so as to have a common passband centered on the frequency of the signal being selected, while having at least one of the stopbands centered on any other ITU frequency. Any other optical channel that may be present at any other ITU frequency is suppressed as a result. Another MZ interferometer in series with the cascade of interferometers including an asymmetric or variable coupler, is tuned to have low transmission at the center frequency of the selected optical channel. 1. A tunable optical filter comprising:an input port for receiving an optical signal, the optical signal including a plurality of optical frequency channels, each optical frequency channel having a central frequency substantially centered at a different frequency of predetermined frequency grid having a predetermined grid spacing;an output port for transmitting an optical frequency channel selected from the plurality of optical frequency channels;a plurality of sequentially coupled tunable Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometers optically disposed between the input port and the output port for isolating the selected optical frequency channel from the plurality of optical frequency channels, each tunable MZ interferometer having a plurality of equidistantly spaced conterminous frequency passbands and frequency stopbands and having a free spectral range substantially equal to an integer multiple of the predetermined grid spacing;a first MZ interferometer optically disposed between the input port and the output port, the first MZ interferometer including first and second interferometer arms optically disposed between first and second optical couplers, the first optical coupler for directing more than 75% of the light received at an input of the first MZ interferometer ...

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Номер записи: 75
20-02-2020 дата публикации

Silicon Photonic Tunable Device with Thermo-Optic Channel

Номер: US20200057319A1
Автор: Caer Charles, Ferreira Villares Gustavo
Принадлежит:

A silicon photonic device is provided including a substrate; a passive silicon optical device, on the substrate; an electrically insulating cladding layer that encapsulates the optical device on the substrate, the cladding layer including a trench patterned therein, so as for the trench to at least partly cover the optical device, on a side of the latter, the trench filled with an electrically insulating, thermally conducting material, having a refractive index that is lower than a refractive index of silicon, thereby forming a heat conduction channel toward the optical device; and a heating element, in contact with the thermally conducting material. A method of operating such silicon photonic devices is also provided. 1. A silicon photonic device comprising:a substrate;a passive silicon optical device on the substrate, said passive silicon optical device including a ring resonator;an electrically insulating cladding layer encapsulating a portion of the optical device on the substrate, the cladding layer including a trench patterned therein, the trench to at least partly covering the ring resonator of the optical device, the trench being filled with an electrically insulating, thermally conducting material having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of silicon, thereby forming a heat conduction channel toward the ring resonator of the optical device; anda heating element in contact with the thermally conducting material.2. The silicon photonic device according to claim 1 , wherein the trench has an in-plane profile shaped according to an in-plane shape of at least a portion of the optical device.3. The silicon photonic device according to claim 2 , wherein the in-plane shape of said portion is vis-à-vis the in-plane profile of the trench.4. The silicon photonic device according to claim 2 , wherein the in-plane profile of the trench encloses claim 2 , in projection claim 2 , the in-plane shape of said portion in a plane parallel to an average plane of ...

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Номер записи: 76
22-05-2014 дата публикации

PASSIVELY VARIABLE EMITTANCE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20140139904A1
Автор: CHAKER Mohamed, HADDAD Emile, HENDAOUI Ali
Принадлежит: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)

There is described a passive variable emittance device comprising: a substrate having a receiving surface adapted to reflect radiations having a given wavelength; an intermediary layer deposited on the receiving surface of the substrate and being substantially transparent to the radiations having the given wavelength; and a thermochromic layer deposited on top of the intermediary layer, the thermochromic layer being substantially transparent to the radiations having the given wavelength for a first temperature below a given transition temperature, and presenting both reflection and absorption for the radiations for a second temperature above the given transition temperature, a total optical thickness for the intermediary and thermochromic layers being substantially equal to one quarter of the given wavelength so that radiations reflected by the thermochromic layer at the second temperature destructively interfere with radiations transmitted by the thermochromic and intermediary layers and reflected by the substrate in order to obtain a first emittance for the passive variable emittance device at the second temperature being greater than a second emittance for the passive variable emittance device at the first temperature. 1. A passive variable emittance device comprising:a substrate having a receiving surface adapted to reflect radiations having a given wavelength;an intermediary layer deposited on the receiving surface of the substrate and being substantially transparent to the radiations having the given wavelength; anda thermochromic layer deposited on top of the intermediary layer, the thermochromic layer being substantially transparent to the radiations having the given wavelength for a first temperature below a given transition temperature, and presenting both reflection and absorption for the radiations for a second temperature above the given transition temperature,a total optical thickness for the intermediary and thermochromic layers being substantially ...

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Номер записи: 77
01-03-2018 дата публикации

COLOR-CHANGEABLE CAPACITOR PACKAGE STRUCTURE AND COLOR-CHANGEABLE CAPACITOR CASING STRUCTURE THEREOF, AND CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20180063959A1
Автор: CHIEN MING-GOO, LIU SHIH-SHAN
Принадлежит:

The instant disclosure provides a color-changeable capacitor package structure and a color-changeable capacitor casing structure thereof, and a circuit board assembly. The color-changeable capacitor casing structure includes a metal casing, a first covering layer and a second covering layer. The metal casing has an outer surface and an inner surface, and the metal casing has a receiving space for receiving a capacitor. The first covering layer is formed on the outer surface of the metal casing, the second covering layer is formed on the first covering layer, and one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer is a thermochromic layer for showing a color that is changeable according to temperature variation. 1. A color-changeable capacitor casing structure , comprising: a thermochromic layer for showing a color that is changeable according to temperature variation.2. The color-changeable capacitor casing structure of claim 1 , further comprising:a metal casing having an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein the metal casing has a receiving space for receiving a capacitor;a first covering layer formed on the outer surface of the metal casing; anda second covering layer formed on the first covering layer;wherein one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer is the thermochromic layer.3. The color-changeable capacitor casing structure of claim 2 , wherein the first covering layer is an insulation material layer for covering the outer surface of the metal casing claim 2 , and the second covering layer is the thermochromic layer for covering the insulation material layer claim 2 , wherein heat source generated by the capacitor is transmitted to the thermochromic layer through the metal casing and the insulation material layer in sequence so as to change the color of the thermochromic layer according to different temperatures of the heat source claim 2 , wherein the thermochromic layer is made of a thermochromic material or formed by ...

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Номер записи: 78
08-03-2018 дата публикации

Environmental control in vehicles

Номер: US20180065453A1
Автор: Cynthia H. GADDIS, Kelly Malone, Xinlin Wang
Принадлежит: International Business Machines Corp

Embodiments for environmental control of a vehicle by a processor. An environmental change in the vehicle is predictively anticipated by monitoring at least one environmental factor over time. In response to the predicted environmental change, a physical change is caused in a constituent portion of an assembly inclusive of an external surface of the vehicle, which when activated compensates for the predicted environmental change.

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Номер записи: 79
12-03-2015 дата публикации

THERMALLY SWITCHED REFLECTIVE OPTICAL SHUTTER

Номер: US20150070746A1
Автор: McCARTHY Wil, Powers Richard M.
Принадлежит:

The thermally switched reflective optical shutter is a self-regulating “switchable mirror” device that reflects up to 100% of incident radiant energy above a threshold temperature, and reflects up to 50% of incident radiant energy below a threshold temperature. Control over the flow of radiant energy occurs independently of the thermal conductivity or insulating value of the device, and may or may not preserve the image and color properties of incoming visible light. The device can be used as a construction material to efficiently regulate the internal temperature and illumination of buildings, vehicles, and other structures without the need for an external power supply or operator signals. The device has unique aesthetic optical properties that are not found in traditional windows, skylights, stained glass, light fixtures, glass blocks, bricks, or walls. The device can be tailored to transmit sufficient visible light to see through in both the transparent and reflective states, while still providing significant control over the total energy transmission across the device. 1a first reflective polarizer;a second polarizer; anda thermotropic depolarizer positioned between the first reflective polarizer and the second polarizer that adjusts polarization of incident light when below a threshold temperature, whereinabove the threshold temperature up to 100% of incident light is reflected by the device, andbelow the threshold temperature up to 50% of incident light is reflected by the device.. A glass spandrel section for regulating the reflection of radiant energy comprising This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/311,212 filed 5 Dec. 2011 entitled “Thermally switched reflective optical shutter,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/830,068 filed 2 Jul. 2010 entitled “Thermally switched reflective optical shutter,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/172,156 filed 11 Jul. 2008 entitled ...

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Номер записи: 80
17-03-2022 дата публикации

FILTER MODULES, COLOR FILTERS, IMAGE SENSORS AND IMAGING DEVICES

Номер: US20220082897A1
Автор: Jia Nanfang, Peng Yidan, Wang Long, Zhou Jian
Принадлежит:

The present application relates to a filter module, a color filter, an image sensor and an imaging device. The filter module includes: a plurality of color filters and a control component. Each of the color filters includes: a first substrate; a metasurface structure located on the first substrate and including a plurality of microstructures periodically arranged; a dielectric layer located on a side of the metasurface structure away from the first substrate and covering the metasurface structure, wherein a refractive index of the dielectric layer is different from a refractive index of the metasurface structure; a second substrate located on a side of the dielectric layer away from the first substrate. The control component is configured to adjust the refractive index of the dielectric layer so as to adjust wavelengths of visible light passing through the color filter. 1. A filter module , comprising: a first substrate,', 'a metasurface structure, located on a side of the first substrate and comprising a plurality of microstructures periodically arranged,', 'a dielectric layer, located on a side of the metasurface structure away from the first substrate and covering the metasurface structure, wherein a refractive index of the dielectric layer is different from a refractive index of the metasurface structure, and', 'a second substrate, located on a side of the dielectric layer away from the first substrate; and, 'a plurality of color filters, wherein each of the color filters comprisesone or more control components, configured to adjust the refractive index of the dielectric layers so as to adjust wavelengths of visible light passing through the color filters.2. The filter module according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer is made of an electro-optic material claim 1 , and the one or more control components each comprise:a first transparent electrode, located on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate;a second transparent electrode, ...

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Номер записи: 81
08-03-2018 дата публикации

VANADIUM-DIOXIDE-CONTAINING PARTICLES HAVING THERMOCHROMIC PROPERTIES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Номер: US20180065861A1
Автор: Washizu Takashi
Принадлежит:

By vanadium-dioxide-containing particles having thermochromic properties and configured such that in an X-ray diffraction spectrum using CuKα as the radiation source, the area of a VOmonoclinic peak appearing at 2θ=28°±0.5° and the area of a peak appearing at 2θ=30°±0.5° satisfy a predetermined relation, vanadium-dioxide-containing particles having excellent thermochromic properties are provided. 1. Vanadium-dioxide-containing particles having thermochromic properties , configured such that in an X-ray diffraction spectrum using CuKα as the radiation source , the area of a VOmonoclinic peak appearing at 2θ=28°±0.5° and the area of a peak appearing at 2θ=30°±0.5° satisfy the relation of the following Equation 1:{'br': None, 'i': P', '/P, 'sub': 2', '1, '0.03≦()≦0.2 \u2003\u2003Equation (1)'}{'sub': 1', '2', '2, 'wherein Pis the area of a VOmonoclinic peak appearing at 2θ=28°±0.5°, and Pis the area of a peak appearing at 2θ=30°±0.5°.'}2. The vanadium-dioxide-containing particles according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size at which the cumulative abundance ratio from the small-size side based on the average number of particles by a laser diffraction particle size distribution method is 80% is 150 nm or less.3. A dispersion comprising the vanadium-dioxide-containing particles according to .4. A heat shield film comprising:a substrate; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an optical functional layer containing the vanadium-dioxide-containing particles according to and a resin.'}5. A method for producing vanadium-dioxide-containing particles having thermochromic properties claim 1 ,the method comprising subjecting a reaction mixture containing a vanadium compound and water to a hydrothermal reaction, thereby forming vanadium-dioxide-containing particles,the temperature rise rate in the hydrothermal reaction being 15 to 80 (°C./h).6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 200° C. or more and 350° C. ...

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Номер записи: 82
28-02-2019 дата публикации

THERMOCHROMIC CONTAINER FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION PROTECTION

Номер: US20190064241A1
Автор: Moulton Thomas, Weitze Scott
Принадлежит: Labcon, North America

A container is disclosed which may be used with fluids sensitive to light of one or more known wavelengths. The container may be formed of a thermochromic material or including a thermochromic coating. The properties of the thermochromic material or coating may be selected so as to be transparent to light of the wavelength to which the fluid is sensitive at a first temperature and to be opaque to that wavelength of light at a second temperature. While a technician is handling the container, the container is controlled to be at the first temperature. When the technician is finished, the container is controlled to move to the second temperature to protect the fluid within the container. 1. A container for holding a fluid , the container comprising:a wall comprising a thermochromic material transmitting a wavelength of light to which the fluid is sensitive when the container is at a first temperature, and the thermochromic material blocking the wavelength of light when the container is at a second temperature.2. The container of claim 1 , wherein the wall is formed with the thermochromic material.3. The container of claim 1 , wherein the thermochromic material is applied as a film or ink onto the wall of the container.4. The container of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the container changes from the second temperature to the first temperature upon being manipulated in a human hand.5. The container of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is the temperature of a human hand.6. The container of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the container changes from the second temperature to the first temperature upon being placed in a room which is at room temperature.7. The container of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is room temperature.8. The container of claim 1 , wherein the entire container is at the first temperature claim 1 , transmitting the wavelength of light claim 1 , or at the second temperature claim 1 , blocking the wavelength of light.9. The container ...

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Номер записи: 83
28-02-2019 дата публикации

PROGRAMMABLE METAMATERIAL

Номер: US20190064551A1
Автор: Gooth Johannes, Gotsmann Bernd, Menges Fabian
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a programmable metamaterial which comprises an array of phase-change material elements. A domain inducing component may be coupled to at least one phase-change material element of the array of phase-change material elements. The domain inducing component may be configured to program the refractive index of the at least one phase-change material element and reprogram the refractive index of the at least one phase-change material element by inducing a phase transition in a domain of the at least one phase-change material element. A method for programming the metamaterial may include selecting the phase-change material element for programming and programming the refractive index of the selected phase-change material element by inducing a phase transition in a domain of the selected phase-change material element. 1. A programmable metamaterial comprising:an array of phase-change material elements; anda domain inducing component coupled to at least one phase-change material element of the array of phase-change material elements, wherein the domain inducing component is configured to program the refractive index of the at least one phase-change material element and reprogram the refractive index of the at least one phase-change material element by inducing a phase transition in a domain of the at least one phase-change material element.2. The programmable metamaterial of claim 1 , wherein the at least one phase-change material element is electrically contacted by a bias electrode on each end.3. The programmable metamaterial of claim 2 , wherein the bias electrode is a switching contact of a crossbar switch.4. The programmable metamaterial of claim 2 , wherein the domain inducing component includes a current pulse generator connected in series with the at least one phase-change material element.5. The programmable metamaterial of claim 1 , wherein the domain inducing component includes a heating element configured to ...

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Номер записи: 84
28-02-2019 дата публикации

Thermal Guiding for Photonic Components

Номер: US20190064554A1
Автор: Dede Ercan Mehmet, Nomura Tsuyoshi, Schmalenberg Paul Donald
Принадлежит:

System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to directing thermal energy within a photonic device. In one embodiment, the photonic device includes an optical component that is temperature sensitive and that provides a different response to light propagated within the optical component according to a present temperature of the optical component. The photonic device includes a heat source disposed at a separating distance from the optical component and that produces thermal energy within the photonic device. The photonic device includes a first thermal guide disposed proximate to the optical component and the heat source and spanning the separating distance. The first thermal guide concentrating the thermal energy from the heat source to the optical component. 1. A photonic device , comprising:an optical component that is temperature sensitive and that provides a different response to light propagated within the optical component according to a present temperature of the optical component;a heat source disposed at a separating distance from the optical component, and that produces thermal energy within the photonic device; anda first thermal guide disposed proximate to the optical component and the heat source and spanning the separating distance, the first thermal guide concentrating the thermal energy from the heat source to the optical component.2. The photonic device of claim 1 , wherein the optical component and the heat source are disposed within a first layer of the photonic device claim 1 , and wherein the first thermal guide is disposed within a second layer of the photonic device that is distinct from the first layer.3. The photonic device of claim 1 , further comprising:a second thermal guide disposed between the optical component and a secondary component, the second thermal guide being operable to shield the optical component from the thermal energy provided via the heat source and conducted through the first thermal guide.4. The ...

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Номер записи: 85
28-02-2019 дата публикации

OPTICAL DEVICE WITH THERMALLY SWITCHING PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

Номер: US20190064555A1
Автор: Bhaskaran Harish, Broughton Ben, Hosseini Peiman
Принадлежит:

The present invention is notably directed to an optical device () comprising a layer structure () with: a thermally conducting, optical reflector (); a thermally conducting spacer (), which is transmissive to light and arranged above the reflector (); and a phase change material (), or PCM, arranged above the spacer () and having at least two reversibly switchable states, in which the PCM exhibits two different values of refractive index. The reflector (), the spacer () and the PCM () are successively stacked along a stacking direction (z) of the layer structure. The optical device further comprises: a heating element (), opposite to the PCM () with respect to the reflector (), the layer structure () being configured so as to electrically insulate the PCM () from the heating element (), while the heating element () is in thermal communication with the PCM () via the reflector () and the spacer (); and a controller () configured to energize the heating element (), so as to heat the PCM () and thereby reversibly change a refractive index and/or an absorption of said PCM (). The invention is further directed to related optical devices (notably devices comprising one or more pixels formed, each, by a set of layer structures such as described above) and actuation methods. 2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:an average thickness of the reflector is between 50 nm and 1 μm;an average thickness of the spacer is between 40 nm and 300 nm; andan average thickness of the PCM is between 0.5 nm and 80 nm.3. A device according to claim 1 , whereina lateral dimension of the layer structure, perpendicularly to said stacking direction is greater than or equal to 0.35 μm and, preferably, greater than or equal to 5 μm.4. A device according to claim 1 , further comprising;an electrically insulating material between the heating element and the reflector, arranged so as to essentially insulate, electrically, the reflector from the heating element.5. A device according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 86
28-02-2019 дата публикации

RECONFIGURABLE INTERFERENCE

Номер: US20190064627A1
Автор: Gooth Johannes, Gotsmann Bernd, Menges Fabian
Принадлежит:

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a reconfigurable interference device comprising a phase change structure. The phase change structure comprises a solid-state phase change material having a first phase state and a second phase state dependent on temperature. A first energy source is configured to supply an initialization energy to initialize a plurality of domains having the first phase state and a second energy source is configured to supply an electrical current to the structure to position the plurality of domains of the first phase state within the phase change structure. A control unit is configured to control the first and the second energy source and to create a periodic interference pattern comprising a plurality of domains of the first phase state and a plurality of domains of the second phase state in an alternating pattern. 1. A reconfigurable interference device , comprising a phase change structure comprising a solid-state phase change material , the solid-state phase change material having a first phase state and a second phase state dependent on temperature;a first energy source configured to supply an initialization energy to initialize a plurality of domains into the first phase state;a second energy source configured to supply an electrical current to the phase change structure to position the plurality of domains in the first phase state within the phase change structure;a control unit configured to control the first and second energy sources, wherein the control unit is configured to create a periodic interference pattern comprising the plurality of domains of the first phase state and a plurality of domains of the second phase state in an alternating pattern.2. The interference device according to claim 1 , wherein the device is configured to create domains of the first phase state and the second phase state of variable width and/or position.3. The interference device according to claim 1 , wherein the first phase state is a ...

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Номер записи: 87
08-03-2018 дата публикации

IMAGE AWARE LASER DIODE ARRAY SHUTTER FOR REDUCED INCIDENT ENERGY ON DMD CHIP SET

Номер: US20180067300A1
Автор: Herrmann Douglas K., LeFEVRE JASON M., McConville Paul J., Moore Steven R.
Принадлежит:

A laser imaging system and method. In an example embodiment, one or more laser diode arrays are associated with a digital micro-mirror device. A shutter-like device can be positioned upstream in the light path of the laser diode array (or arrays) such that the shutter-like device diverts energy out of the laser imaging system and away from the digital micro-mirror device during periods of extended non-imaging. A homogenizer module can be provided wherein the shutter-like device is located. 1. A laser imaging system , comprising:a digital micro-mirror device;at least one laser diode array associated with said digital micro-mirror device; anda shutter-like device located upstream in a light path of said at least one laser diode array, wherein said shutter-like device diverts energy out of said system and away from said digital micro-mirror device during periods of extended non-imaging by said laser imaging system.2. The system of further comprising a homogenizer module wherein said shutter-like device is located.3. The system of further comprising a laser diode array assembly that maintains said at least one laser diode array.4. The system of further comprising an actuator for actuating said shutter-like device.5. The system of wherein said actuator comprises at least one of the following: a pneumatic cylinder device claim 4 , a piezo actuator claim 4 , and a motor driven actuator.6. The system of wherein said shutter-like device is operable in a non-blocking position in which image-content is desired as output from said at least one laser diode array.7. The system of wherein said shutter-like device is operable in a blocking position in which no image content is available during said periods of extending non-imaging.8. The system of wherein said blocking position energy from said at least one laser diode array is absorbed into said shutter-like device.9. The system of wherein said shutter-like device is configured from a thermally conductive material so that incident ...

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Номер записи: 88
08-03-2018 дата публикации

TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF COMPONENTS ON AN OPTICAL DEVICE

Номер: US20180067344A1
Автор: Asghari Mehdi, Feng Dazeng, Kung Cheng-Chih, Levy Jacob, Liu Wei, Qian Wei
Принадлежит:

The optical device includes a waveguide positioned on a base and a modulator positioned on the base. The modulator includes a ridge of an electro-absorption medium having a top side and a lateral side. The lateral side is between the top side and the base and the top side has a width. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through the modulator such that the light signal is guided through the ridge of electro-absorption medium. A heater is positioned over the lateral side of the electro-absorption medium without being positioned over the entire width of the ridge. 1. An optical device , comprising: the modulator including a ridge of an electro-absorption medium,', 'the waveguide configured to guide a light signal through the modulator such that the light signal is guided through the ridge of electro-absorption medium,', 'the modulator being a Franz-Keldysh modulator that uses the Franz-Keldysh effect to modulate light signals; and, 'a waveguide positioned on a base and a modulator positioned on the base,'}a device ridge that includes the ridge of the electro-absorption medium, the device ridge having a top side and lateral sides, the lateral sides being between the top side and the base, and the top side having a width;a heater positioned over one of the lateral sides and the top side of the device ridge without being positioned over the entire width of the top side.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:one or more cladding layers between the heater and the ridge of the electro-absorption medium.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:one or more electrical insulators between the heater and the ridge of the electro-absorption medium.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the heater is less than 2 μm from ridge of the electro-absorption medium.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the heater extends down to a base of the device ridge.6. The device of claim where a height of the lateral side that is covered by the heater is ...

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Номер записи: 89
17-03-2022 дата публикации

DISPLAY MATERIAL

Номер: US20220085290A1
Автор: Hosseini Peiman, TALAGRAND CLEMENT, TRIGGS GRAHAM, WRIGHT Christopher, Yamada Noboru
Принадлежит:

Provided herein is a phase change material for use in a display device. Also provided is a display device comprising a phase change material; the use of a phase change material as an optical absorber in a display device; a method of fabricating a pixel; and a method of fabricating a display device. The phase change material is as described in more detail herein. 127-. (canceled)28. A phase change material for use in a display device , wherein said phase change material has a recrystallization temperature of at most about 250° C. and a recrystallization time of at least about 1 μs.29. The phase change material of claim 28 , wherein said phase change material has a recrystallization temperature of at most about 200° C. and/or a recrystallization time of at least about 2 μs.30. The phase change material of claim 28 , wherein said phase change material has a recrystallization temperature of at least about 70° C. and/or a recrystallization time of at most about 100 μs.31. The phase change material of claim 28 , wherein said phase change material has a melting point of at most about 500° C.32. The phase change material of claim 28 , wherein said phase change material has a cyclability corresponding to at least 99% contrast remaining (relative to the initial contrast) after 1000 crystallisation/amorphisation cycles.33. The phase change material of claim 28 , wherein said phase change material comprises:a) germanium, antimony and tellurium;b) selenium, tellurium and tin;c) germanium, tin and tellurium;d) bismuth, tin and tellurium;e) bismuth, tin and selenium;f) bismuth, tin and sulphur; org) combinations thereof.34. The phase change material of claim 28 , wherein said phase change material comprises germanium claim 28 , antimony and tellurium; and wherein said phase change material comprisesbetween about 10 at % and about 60 at % germanium;between about 10 at % and about 70 at % antimony;andbetween about 10 at % and about 40 at % tellurium;wherein the sum of the amounts of ...

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Номер записи: 90
19-03-2015 дата публикации

PINHOLE MITIGATION FOR OPTICAL DEVICES

Номер: US20150077831A1
Автор: Friedman Robin, Kailasam Sridhar K., Khosla Vinod, Mulpuri Rao, Parker Ronald M., Powell Ronald A., Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Methods, apparatus, and systems for mitigating pinhole defects in optical devices such as electrochromic windows. One method mitigates a pinhole defect in an electrochromic device by identifying the site of the pinhole defect and obscuring the pinhole to make it less visually discernible. In some cases, the pinhole defect may be the result of mitigating a short-related defect. 1. A method of mitigating a pinhole defect , the method comprising:a. providing an electrochromic lite having an electrochromic device on a substrate;b. identifying a site of the pinhole defect in the electrochromic device; andc. altering the site of the pinhole defect in order to lower the light transmittance at the site of the pinhole defect.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein c. comprises applying a material to the site of the pinhole defect claim 1 , wherein the material has a lower transmittance than the substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material is applied via an ink jet dispenser.412-. (canceled)13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied has an opacity of about 50% of the maximum transmittance of the electrochromic device.14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied has a color selected from a group consisting of white claim 2 , black claim 2 , gray claim 2 , green claim 2 , brown and blue.15. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied comprises light scattering particles.1617-. (canceled)18. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied comprises a thermochromic material.19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the thermochromic material includes at least one of a leuco dye claim 18 , an ink claim 18 , a paint claim 18 , a polymer and a metal oxide.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the metal oxide includes at least one of titanium dioxide claim 19 , zinc oxide or vanadium oxide.21. A method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the non-tinting area of the pinhole defect comprisesidentifying coordinates of a short-related defect, ...

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Номер записи: 91
19-03-2015 дата публикации

Structure for multicolor biometric scanning user interface

Номер: US20150078635A1
Автор: Peter Mankowski, Weimin Rang
Принадлежит: BlackBerry Ltd

A mobile computing device including a biometric scanning interface that changes color in response to a predetermined condition. The biometric scanning interface comprises a layer of heat-sensing elements and a multi-element layer comprising heating elements and thermochromic polymer elements. When the predetermined condition is detected, a driver is adapted to control the thermochromic layer to change color.

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Номер записи: 92
19-03-2015 дата публикации

System and Method for an Optical Phase Shifter

Номер: US20150078702A1
Автор: Bryce Dorin, Winnie N. Ye
Принадлежит: FutureWei Technologies Inc

In one embodiment, an optical phase shifter includes a first waveguide phase shifter and a second waveguide phase shifter. The optical phase shifter also includes a first polarization rotator optically coupled between the first waveguide phase shifter and the second waveguide phase shifter, where the first waveguide phase shifter, second waveguide phase shifter, and first polarization rotator are integrated on a single substrate.

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Номер записи: 93
15-03-2018 дата публикации

OPTICAL RING RESONATOR STRUCTURE WITH A BACKSIDE RECESS

Номер: US20180074263A1
Автор: BROOKS Christopher James, HICKEY Ryan Murray, LOGAN Dylan
Принадлежит:

An optical ring resonator structure with a backside recess is provided at a device. The device includes: a substrate having a device-side and a backside opposite the device-side; an optical ring resonator located on the device-side of the substrate; a heater having a shape complementary to the optical ring resonator, the heater positioned to heat the optical ring resonator; and one or more metal traces that connect at least to the heater, the metal traces configured to provide power to the heater and extending outward from the heater. The device further includes a recess on the backside of the substrate, the recess centered on the optical ring resonator, and having a diameter larger than both respective outer diameters of the optical ring resonator and the heater, the recess further extending laterally into a region of the one or more metal traces. 1. A device comprising:a substrate having a device-side and a backside opposite the device-side;an optical ring resonator located on the device-side of the substrate;a heater having a shape complementary to the optical ring resonator, the heater positioned to heat the optical ring resonator;one or more metal traces that connect at least to the heater, the metal traces configured to provide power to the heater and extending outward from the heater; and,a recess on the backside of the substrate, the recess centered on the optical ring resonator, and having a diameter larger than both respective outer diameters of the optical ring resonator and the heater, the recess further extending laterally into a region of the one or more metal traces.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising: one or more electrodes configured to provide a voltage to the optical ring resonator claim 1 , the one or more electrodes having an outer diameter larger than the optical ring resonator; and one or more further metal traces that connect to the one or more electrodes and extending outward from the one or more electrodes claim 1 , the recess ...

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Номер записи: 94
15-03-2018 дата публикации

WAVELENGTH LOCKING FILTER

Номер: US20180074350A1
Автор: Guzzon Robert Silvio
Принадлежит:

An optical system can automatically lock an adjustable spectral filter to a first wavelength of an incoming light signal, and can automatically filter an additional incoming light signal at the first wavelength. A tunable filter can have a filtering spectrum with an adjustable peak wavelength and increasing attenuation at wavelengths away from the adjustable peak wavelength. The tunable filter can receive first input light, having a first wavelength, and can spectrally filter the first input light to form first output light. A detector can detect at least a fraction of the first output light. Circuitry coupled to the detector and the tunable filter can tune the tunable filter to maximize a signal from the detector and thereby adjust the peak wavelength to match the first wavelength. The tunable filter further can receive second input light and spectrally filter the second input light at the first wavelength. 1. An optical filter , comprising:a first optical ring resonator;a first input waveguide configured to deliver first light to the first optical ring resonator to propagate in a first direction around the first optical ring resonator;a second optical ring resonator;a first waveguide segment configured to deliver the first light from the first optical ring resonator to the second optical ring resonator to propagate in a second direction around the second optical ring resonator;a first output waveguide configured to propagate the first light away from the second optical ring resonator, the first light in the first output waveguide being spectrally filtered with a filtering spectrum that includes a peak wavelength and increasing attenuation at wavelengths away from the peak wavelength;a second input waveguide configured to deliver second light to the second optical ring resonator to propagate in a direction opposite the second direction around the second optical ring resonator;a second waveguide segment configured to deliver the second light from the second optical ...

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Номер записи: 95
07-03-2019 дата публикации

OPTO-ELECTRONIC MODULATOR UTILIZING ONE OR MORE HEATING ELEMENTS

Номер: US20190072787A1
Автор: Guzzon Robert Silvio, Norberg Erik, Roth Jonathan Edgar
Принадлежит:

Described herein are methods, systems, and apparatuses to utilize an electro-optic modulator including one or more heating elements. The modulator can utilize one or more heating elements to control an absorption or phase shift of the modulated optical signal. At least the active region of the modulator and the one or more heating elements of the modulator are included in a thermal isolation region comprising a low thermal conductivity to thermally isolate the active region and the one or more heating elements from a substrate of the PIC. 1. A modulating system , comprising:a waveguide configured to guide light;an active region through which at least a portion of the waveguide extends;a heater configured to apply heat to the active region of the waveguide, the heat causing a variation in a refractive index of the active region and a corresponding variation in an optical path length traversed by the light in the waveguide;a plurality of electrodes positioned proximate the active region, the plurality of electrodes configured to generate a time-varying electric field in the active region, the electric field causing a further variation in the refractive index of the active region and a corresponding further variation in the optical path length traversed by the light in the waveguide; and control the heater to raise a temperature of the active region to a specified elevated temperature above an ambient temperature; and', 'provide a time-varying voltage to the electrodes to generate the time-varying electric field., 'control circuitry configured to2. The modulating system of claim 1 , wherein the time-varying voltage includes a rapidly-varying component superimposed on a slowly-varying bias voltage claim 1 , the slowly-varying bias voltage having a value that is independent of the ambient temperature.3. The modulating system of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature sensor configured to determine a temperature of the active region claim 1 , wherein the control ...

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Номер записи: 96
07-03-2019 дата публикации

ALL OPTICAL FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ON CHIP WITH HEATING TUNABILITY DESIGN, SIMULATION, FABRICATION, AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Номер: US20190072833A1
Автор: NEJADRIAHI Hani, SORGER Volker J.
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides optical computing by means of fast Fourier transform Integration on Silicon On Insulator chip technology with implementation in the analog and temporal domain. This is done by cascading (N−2) stages of delayed interferometers (couplers and phase shifters) where a parallel set of N time samples are taken and using the delay lines and phase of the optical components (constructive/deconstructive interference) the DFT is computed. The Optical Fast Fourier Transform (OFFT) design was built on passive components (2×2 couplers: cascaded Mach Zehnder Interferometer) used for addition and subtraction through optical interference, waveguides with short path differences are used for phase shifting and waveguides with long path differences are used for signal delay based on the needed number of outputs. Since the OFFT is a system of imbalanced interferometers, there are additional bends designed to compensate for the difference in power ratios of the arms. 1. A temporal photonic integrated Fast Fourier Transform circuit , comprising:a photonic integrated on-chip input for receiving an optical signal from a source; anda photonic integrated on-chip first stage having a first interferometer with a first stage output, and a photonic integrated on-chip second stage having a second interferometer and a third interferometer, the second and third interferometers receiving the first stage output and having a second stage output, wherein each of said first, second and third interferometers each comprise a first arm and a second arm parallel to the first arm, the first arm forming a first waveguide and the second arm having a spiral waveguide, and further comprising first arm output from the first waveguide and a second arm output from the spiral waveguide, said first, second and third interferometers further comprising a coupler to couple the first arm output and the second arm output.2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the optical signal is modulated.3. ...

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Номер записи: 97
16-03-2017 дата публикации

OPTO-ELECTRONIC MODULATOR UTILIZING ONE OR MORE HEATING ELEMENTS

Номер: US20170075149A1
Автор: Guzzon Robert Silvio, Norberg Erik, Roth Jonathan Edgar
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Described herein are methods, systems, and apparatuses to utilize an electro-optic modulator including one or more heating elements. The modulator can utilize one or more heating elements to control an absorption or phase shift of the modulated optical signal. At least the active region of the modulator and the one or more heating elements of the modulator are included in a thermal isolation region comprising a low thermal conductivity to thermally isolate the active region and the one or more heating elements from a substrate of the PIC. 1. (canceled)2. A modulating system , comprising:a waveguide configured to guide light;an active region through which at least a portion of the waveguide extends;a heater positioned proximate the active region;control circuitry operable to control the heater to selectively heat the active region, a refractive index in the active region, so that variations in the refractive index modulate a phase of the light in the waveguide, and', 'an absorption in the active region, so that variations in the absorption modulate an intensity of the light in the waveguide;, 'wherein operatively the heater varies at least one ofa heat sink configured to dissipate heat from the control circuitry; anda thermal isolation region configured to thermally isolate the active region and the heater from the heat sink.3. The modulating system of claim 2 , wherein operably controlling the heater comprises providing a selectable current to the heater to set a temperature in the active region to a specified value.4. The modulating system of claim 2 , wherein:operatively, the heater varies the refractive index in the active region, so that variations in the refractive index modulate a phase of the light in the waveguide; andthe modulating system functions as an electro-absorption modulator.5. The modulating system of claim 2 , wherein:operatively, the heater varies the absorption in the active region, so that variations in the absorption modulate an intensity of ...

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Номер записи: 98
18-03-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING BEAM DISTORTION

Номер: US20210080760A1
Автор: Diehl Peter G., Dingli Robert
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Provided herein is a system and method for correcting an imperfection of a medium through which beams pass to a sensor. The system comprises a controller that determines an amount of heat to be applied to the medium and a location at which the heat is to be applied. The system comprises a heating element that applies the determined amount of heat to expand the medium at the determined location, to reduce a refractive effect of the beams passing through the medium, and to allow the beams passing through the medium to converge to a single focal point. 1. A correction system to correct an imperfection of a medium through which beams pass to a sensor , comprising: 'determine an amount of heat to be applied to the medium and a location at which the heat is to be applied; and', 'a controller configured to 'apply the determined amount of heat to expand the medium at the determined location, to reduce a refractive effect of the beams passing through the medium, and to allow the beams passing through the medium to converge to a single focal point.', 'a heating element configured to2. The correction system of claim 1 , wherein the medium is positioned in front of the sensor to which the beams are transmitted; determine the amount of heat based on a comparison between data captured by the sensor and reference data;', 'determine the location at which the heat is to be applied to be a location within a field of view of the sensor; and', 'move the heating element to the determined location., 'the controller is configured to3. The correction system of claim 2 , wherein:the controller is configured to determine the amount of heat to be such that, in response to the amount of heat being applied to the medium, a difference between a parameter of the data captured by the sensor and a parameter of the reference data is less than a threshold.4. The correction system of claim 2 , wherein:the controller is configured to determine a duration, frequency, or pattern of the heat to be applied ...

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Номер записи: 99
14-03-2019 дата публикации

ACTIVE METASURFACES FOR DYNAMIC POLARIZATION CONVERSION

Номер: US20190079321A1
Автор: Atwater Harry A., KAFAIE SHIRMANESH Ghazaleh, SOKHOYAN Ruzan, WU Pin Chieh
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The optical response of a metasurface is controlled by actuating it via an electrical or magnetic field, temperature control, optical pumping or electromechanical actuation. The metasurface will therefore control the polarization of the incident light. The metasurface comprises an array of patch antennas. The patch antennas are in the form of asymmetrical elements, including rotated rods, cross-shapes, V-shapes, and L-shapes. 1. A structure comprising:a first electrode transparent to incident electromagnetic radiation;a second electrode;a dielectric layer, having a first refractive index, between the first electrode and the second electrode; andan array of elements on a surface of the first electrode opposite to the dielectric layer,wherein upon application of a control signal, the dielectric layer is configured to change its refractive index to have at least one first layer having a refractive index higher than at least one second layer.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is a transparent conductive oxide.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the control signal is a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode claim 1 , or a temperature gradient applied across the dielectric layer.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is a metallic reflector claim 1 , and the structure is configured to reflect the incident electromagnetic radiation.5. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is selected from the group consisting of: ITO claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , MgF claim 1 , HfO claim 1 , MgO claim 1 , and SiO.6. The structure of claim 1 , wherein each element of the array of elements has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rectangle claim 1 , a cross claim 1 , an L-shape claim 1 , and a V-shape.7. The structure of claim 1 , wherein each element of the array of elements has a shape which is asymmetric with respect to a direction of an electric field of the incident electromagnetic.8. The ...

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Номер записи: 100