Pockelszellentreiberschaltung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Pockelszelle

Eine Pockelszellentreiberschaltung (1) mit einem ersten Schaltungsknoten (41), der mit einem ersten Anschluss einer Pockelszelle (30) verbindbar ist, und einem zweiten Schaltungsknoten (42), der mit einem zweiten Anschluss einer Pockelszelle (30) verbindbar ist, wobei der erste Schaltungsknoten (41) über einen ersten Schalter (11) mit einem positiven Potential (21) verbunden ist und ein zweiter Schalter (12) an den zweiten Schaltungsknoten (42) angeschlossen ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Schaltungsknoten (42) über den zweiten Schalter (12) mit einem negativen Potential (22) verbunden ist und der erste mit dem zweiten Schaltungsknoten (41, 42) über einen zur Entladung einer angeschlossenen Pockelszelle (30) angesteuerten Kurzschlussschalter (13) verbunden ist.

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur elektrooptischen Regelung und Modulation von Licht

OPTISCHES BAUELEMENT ZUR POLARISATIONSMODULATION, UND DESSEN VERWENDUNG IN EINEM POLARIMETER ODER ELLIPSOMETER

Driver circuit for driving of electro-optical elements, particularly pockel cells, has compensation circuit that is attached at H-bridge in order to stabilize dropping voltage at element, where compensation circuit has auxiliary condenser

The driver circuit has a H-bridge (4), where a switch (S1) is arranged in a main path (1) for switching the element. A compensation circuit is attached at the H-bridge in order to stabilize dropping voltage (U-pc) at the element. The compensation circuit has an auxiliary condenser and an auxiliary switch for switching on and off the auxiliary condenser.

OPTOELECTRONIC SOLID STATE SWITCH

The switch comprises a radiation source and a solid body of for example Hgl2 which has a resistivity of 10<15> ohms.cm. and a concentration of deep lying imperfections or impurities of between 10<11> and 10<20> cm <3>. In use a voltage is applied to the body. Irradiation than produces an increase in conductance said to be by a combination of space charge limited current and photoconductance.

Optical phase modulation

The optical system comprises two optical paths P 1 , P 2 , and an arrangement for changing the length of the two paths including two phase modulators M 1 , M 2 one coupled to each of the paths. A driving system applies power to the phase modulators to drive them in the same direction and to change the amount of power applied to the phase modulators in opposite directions so as to change the length of each optical path in a different direction. As a result, the relationship between the changes in the amount of power applied to the modulators and the resulting changes in the phase of light beams passing through the device becomes substantially linear.

An optical modulator

THERMAL IMAGING SYSTEM AND METHOD

Systems and methods for thermal sensing and imaging using the electro-optic effect. A thermal detection system comprises a temperature sensing element that includes an electro-optic (EO) material layer having a length axis and characterized by a temperature dependent index of refraction, an electrical mechanism for inducing a change in the index of refraction, a laser beam propagating lengthwise through EO layer for probing the refraction index change, and a light intensity meter for measuring a laser beam intensity change caused by the temperature dependent refraction index change. Thermal imaging is obtained by using a pixel array of such thermal sensing elements. The intensity reading may be done in either a cross-polarizer or a Mach Zehnder Interferometry reading configuration.

ETALON ARRANGEMENT

A control system for an etalon arrangement 4, in an optical transmission system involves applying a dither to a laser 1 upstream of the arrangement, monitoring the output of the arrangement, and using a control means 3 to lock the laser frequency to the etalon arrangement response, or vice versa. The control means operates on the basis of a ratio of derivatives of the monitored output with respect to wavelength, to enable locking to a point on the response curve, independent of power variations.

MULTIWAVELENGTH LASER SOURCE

A light source for generating many precisely spaced wavelength channels, bas ed on the periodic modulation of light. CW light is periodically amplitude modulated a nd then coupled to a non-linear fiber where it undergoes additional modulation by the process o f self-phase modulation or other non-linear effects. In a general embodiment of the multi -wavelength source (MWS), an optical modulator driven by a periodic electromagnetic sign al imposes periodic amplitude modulation on light from a single longitudinal mode CW la ser. The light is then coupled to a non-linear medium with an intensity dependent refractive i ndex where it generates higher order spectral sidebands by the process of self-phase modul ation and/or other non-linear effects. The frequency spacing between the spectral components is equal to the repetition rate of the modulation. The shape of the spectrum (i.e. the relat ive amplitudes of the spectral components) can be modified by adjustments to: the amplitude modula ted ...

Laser-Oszillator mit Auskopplungsmodulator

Modulationsschaltung mit elektrooptischem Kristall zur Modulation eines binäre Daten übertragenden Lichtstrahls

Anordnung zur Aufladung von Kondensatoren

Schaltung zur impulsgesteuerten Ladung und Entladung eines kapazitiven Verbrauchers

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ТЕПЛОВОГО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ

Системы и способы теплового зондирования и формирования изображения с использованием электрооптического эффекта. Система теплового детектирования содержит элемент, чувствительный к температуре, который включает слой электрооптического (ЭО) материала, имеющий продольную ось, и характеризуется зависимым от температуры показателем преломления, а также электрический механизм, предназначенный для индуцирования изменения показателя преломления, лазерный луч, распространяющийся продольно через ЭО слой, для измерения изменения показателя преломления, и измеритель интенсивности света, предназначенный для измерения изменений интенсивности лазерного луча в результате изменения показателя преломления в зависимости от температуры. Тепловое формирование изображения получают путем использования матрицы пикселей из таких чувствительных термоэлементов. Считывание интенсивности может быть выполнено с помощью конфигурации считывания на основе перекрещенных поляризаторов или на основе интерферометра Маха - ...

Light waveguide phase modulator chip with improvement structure

Optical readout system for magnetic recording - uses linearly polarised beam directed through recording medium with polarisation plane changed by magnetisation

Circuit allowing to obtain an oscillating tension at the boundaries of a condenser

RECTANGULAR PULSE GENERATOR

Patent FR2044575A5

원통형-대칭 요소 상에 코팅된 타겟 물질을 가진 플라즈마-기반 광원

... 본 개시는 원통형-대칭 요소(예를 들어, 드럼)의 외부 표면 상에 코팅된 제논과 같은 타겟 물질을 갖는 레이저 생성 플라즈마 광원에 관한 것이다. 실시 예는 드럼에 대한 조사 손상을 감소시키도록 최적화될 수 있는 사전-펄싱 구성 및 드럼에 대한 조사 손상을 감소시키는 데 사용될 수 있는 펄스 트리밍 유닛을 포함한다. 또한, 원통형-대칭 요소의 표면이 1mm보다 큰 그루브 깊이를 가진 복수의 그루브로 형성되고 집속 유닛이 레이저 빔을 집속하고 타겟 물질로부터 플라즈마를 생성하기 위한 조사 위치를 설정하며, 조사 위치는 그루브 표면 부분으로부터 이격되어 표면 부분을 조사 손상으로부터 보호하는 실시 예가 개시되어 있다.

Operating a Pockels Cell

A Pockels cell driver circuit has a first circuit node that can be connected to a first terminal of a Pockels cell and a second circuit node that can be connected to a second terminal of the Pockels cell. The first circuit node is connected via a first switch to a positive potential and the second circuit node is connected via a second switch to a negative potential. The first circuit node is connected to the second circuit node via a short-circuit switch which is controlled for discharge of a linked Pockels cell. 1. A driver circuit for a Pockels cell , the driver circuit comprising:a first circuit node configured to be connected to a first terminal of the Pockels cell, the first circuit node being connected via a first switch to a positive potential; anda second circuit node configured to be connected to a second terminal of the Pockels cell, the second circuit node being connected via a second switch to a negative potential,wherein the first circuit node is connected to the second circuit node via a short-circuit switch configured to be activated for discharge of the Pockels cell,wherein the first, second, and short-circuit switches each comprise a respective serial connection of one or more individual switches, and each of the individual switches comprises at least one of a turn-on driver circuit or a turn-off driver circuit, and the turn-on driver circuits of the first and second switches and the turn-off driver circuits of the short-circuit switch connected in a first serial connection at respective input terminals of the turn-on driver circuits of the first and second switches and the turn-off driver circuits of the short-circuit switch, or', 'the turn-off driver circuits of the first and second switches and the turn-on driver circuits of the short-circuit switch connected in a second serial connection at respective input terminals of the turn-off driver circuits of the first and second switches and the turn-on driver circuits of the short-circuit switch., ' ...

Driving circuit for optical modulator

In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of differential amplification circuits has: first differential amplification circuits each including a differential pair circuit to generate the differential signal according to the differential input signal, a delay line, and a current source to supply a current to the differential pair circuit via the delay line; and second differential amplification circuits each including a differential pair circuit to generate the differential signal according to the differential input signal, and a current source to directly supply a current to the differential pair circuit. The first differential amplification circuits and the second differential amplification circuits are mutually connected in parallel between the pair of input-side transmission lines and the pair of output-side transmission lines.

Integrated driver and related method

A driver circuit may include a first node (VA), and a first circuit to generate on the first node (VA) an inverted replica of an input signal (VIN) during driver switching between a first supply voltage (Vdd1) and ground, the inverted replica having a threshold voltage value based upon a reference voltage (Vref) greater than the first supply voltage (Vdd1). The driver circuit may include a cascode stage (M3) to be controlled by the reference voltage (Vref) and to be coupled between a second supply voltage (Vdd2) and the first node, a delay circuit (D) to generate a delayed replica of the input signal (VIN), an amplifier, and a switching network (M5, M6) to couple a control terminal of an active load transistor (M9) either to one of the reference voltage (Vref) or to ground, based upon the input signal (VIN).

Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

OPTICAL DEVICE AND TRANSMITTER

An optical device includes an optical waveguide that includes an incident waveguide, parallel waveguides along an electrode, and emission waveguides, formed on a substrate having an electro-optical effect, a first emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as an output waveguide of signal light, for output to an external destination and a second emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as a monitoring optical waveguide for the signal light; a photodetector that is disposed over the monitoring optical waveguide; and a groove formed on a portion of the substrate, where the photodetector of the monitoring optical waveguide is disposed. The monitoring optical waveguide has a width that, as compared with the width at a starting point side, is formed to increase as the monitoring optical waveguide approaches the groove.

Multilevel light-intensity modulating circuit

A multilevel light-intensity modulating circuit for suppressing the amplitude distortion regarding intermediate levels, caused by the conversion from a multilevel electric signal to a multilevel modulated optical signal. The circuit comprises a section for distributing an input optical carrier into n-channel optical carriers; n light-intensity modulators for modulating intensities of the optical carriers by using input two-level electric signals; a control section for producing a phase difference between the n-channel two-level modulated optical signals; a control section for assigning a different light intensity to each of the n-channel two-level modulated optical signals; and a section for combining the n-channel two-level modulated optical signals obtained via the control sections, and outputting a 2-level modulated optical signal. The phase difference and the different light intensity are defined in advance so as to produce the 2-level modulated optical signal.

OPTICAL MODULATOR

In an optical modulator, a light-receiving element () that receives a light wave modulated in an optical modulation section (Ma) and a light-receiving element () that receives a light wave modulated in an optical modulation section (Mb) are provided in a substrate. In addition, at least a part of an electrical line () that guides a light-receiving signal output from the light-receiving element () to an outer side of the substrate, and at least apart of an electrical line () that guides a light-receiving signal form the light-receiving element () to an outer side of the substrate are formed in the substrate. In addition, crosstalk suppression means (), which suppress crosstalk between the electrical line () and the electrical line (), is provided between the part of the electrical line () and the part of the electrical line () which are formed in the substrate. 1. An optical modulator , comprising:a substrate in which an optical waveguide is formed,wherein the optical modulator includes at least a first optical modulation section and a second optical modulation section which modulate light waves which propagate through the optical waveguide,a first light-receiving element that receives a light wave that is modulated in the first optical modulation section, and a second light-receiving element that receives a light wave that is modulated in the second optical modulation section are disposed in the substrate,at least a part of a first electrical line that guides a light-receiving signal output from the first light-receiving element to an outer side of the substrate, and at least a part of a second electrical line that guides a light-receiving signal output from the second light-receiving element to an outer side of the substrate are formed in the substrate, andcrosstalk suppression means, which suppresses crosstalk between the first electrical line and the second electrical line, is provided between the part of the first electrical line and the part of the second ...

PICOSECOND LASER APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR ITS OPERATION AND USE

Driver citcuit for Pockels cell and laser system with such a driver circuit and a pockels cell

Optical modulator

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer type modulator, constructed of a first and second optical waveguide (21, 22), a first and second electrode (33, 34) cooperating with the same, and a driving voltage source, wherein the driving voltage source is constructed of a first and second driving unit (31, 32) which drive independently the first and second electrodes (33, 34) in accordance with data input and wherein the first and second driving units (31, 32) apply first and second driving voltages, individually determined, to the first and second electrodes (33, 34).

ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЙ ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ФАЗОВЫЙ МОДУЛЯТОР И СПОСОБ ЕГО ЛИНЕАРИЗАЦИИ

Изобретение содержит последовательно соединенные первый каскад фазового модулятора, первый фиксированный оптический элемент связи, второй каскад фазового модулятора и второй фиксированный оптический элемент связи. Радиочастотные модулирующие сигналы, которые подаются на каждый каскад фазового модулятора, регулируются по амплитуде для компенсации ошибок в значениях углов связи первого и второго оптических элементов связи. Уровни напряжений смещения постоянного тока, которые подаются на каждый каскад фазового модулятора, подстраиваются для компенсации асимметричной фазовой модуляции. Средства согласования импедансов, подключенные между выходными контактами радиочастотных модулирующих сигналов и фазовых модуляторов, согласовывают импеданс между ними.

Abstimmbare optische Maseranordnung

VERFAHREN UND ANORDNUNG ZUR FREQUENZVERSCHIEBUNG DER KOHAERENTEN STRAHLUNG EINES OPTISCHEN SENDERS (LASER)

Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung der Helligkeit von Lichtstrahlen

Electronically Switchable Potential Difference Sources

... 1,194,981. Light modulators and deflectors. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 5 Jan., 1968 [18 Jan., 1967], No. 735/68. Heading H4F. [Also in Division H1] A switching device for an electro-optic crystal 44, Fig. 3, comprises two cathode-ray tubes 40, 41 each including two target electrodes of different secondary emission ratios, e.g. of cadmium and platinum, so that when the beam of tube 40 impinges on one electrode 47 the output voltage on lead 42 is 3000 volts, and when it impinges on the other electrode 48 the output voltage is 700 volts. Capacitors 45 and 46 form potential dividers to produce the correct voltage across the crystal 44, and this voltage may be reversed by deflecting the beams to the opposite state to that shown by means of control circuits 57 and 58. Each tube may include a plurality of pairs of target electrodes connected to a corresponding number of crystals (Fig. 4, not shown). The electro-optic crystal may form part of a light deflection system (Fig. 1, not shown ...

Optical system and method for changing the lengths of optical paths and the phases of light beams

CONTROLLING THE TRANSMISSION OF POLARIZED LIGHT

An optical switching arrangement for controlling the transmission of linearly polarised incident light in dependence on its intensity is described. The arrangement includes a detector (7) responsive to the incident light to provide an output to a voltage supply (9). In response to the output the voltage supply applies a voltage across a control means e.g. a Pockel cell (1) such that the direction of polarization of the incident light is rotated by an amount dependent on the intensity of the incident light. A polariser (5) is arranged to transmit light from the Pockel cell (1) having only a predetermined direction of polarisation. Thus polariser 5 may prevent the transmission of polarized light when the intensity exceeds a predetermined level. A plurality of control means responsive to different wavelengths may be used. ...

DIGITAL OPTICAL MODULATOR

... 1,220,486. Light modulators. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. 23 Feb., 1968 [25 Feb., 1967], No. 8909/68. Heading H4F. A digital electro-optic or magneto-optic modulation arrangement comprises at least two separate modulators of different construction and/or different electric or magnetic operating characteristics which are successively passed by the radiation to be modulated, each modulator being individually switchable between two operating points in which the electro-optic or magneto-optic material is subject to different electric or magnetic field strengths. The modulators may comprise Kerr or Pockels cells in which the electro-optic material is nitrobenzene, KDP or KTN, the length of the cells, the spacing of the electrodes of the cells, the voltages applied to the cells, or the lengths and voltages of the cells being varied from cell to cell (Figs. 2-4, not shown). Different lengths of magnetooptic material e.g. YIG, may be subjected to a magnetic field (Figs. 5, not ...

VIDEODISC MASTERING SYSTEM

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE LINEARIZATION OF THE SIGNAL TRANSFER OF AN INTEGRATED OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR COMPRISING MODULATORS COUPLED IN CASCADE

2136229 9323789 PCTABScor01 An integrated cascaded optical phase modulator for providing linearized complementary modulated light output signals consists of the successive cascade of a first phase modulator stage (85), first fixed optical coupler (89), second phase modulator stage (87), and second fixed optical coupler (91). Rf modulating signals applied to each phase modulator stage are adjusted in amplitude, for compensating for errors in the coupling angles of the first and second optical couplers. The levels of DC bias voltages applied to each phase modulator stage are adjusted for compensating for asymmetric phase modulation. Impedance matching means (151, 152) connected between output terminals of rf modulating signals and phase modulators match the impedance therebetween.

HIGH-SPEED MODULATOR FOR THE POLARIZATION OF AN OPTICAL CARRIER

A polarization modulator for use in optical telecommunications systems includes an integrated optical switch receiving at an input a linearly-polarized optical carrier and transferring the same to a first or a second output, according to the logic values of the bits of a modulating binary data signal. The radiations output from the switch are sent to a polarizing beam splitter with their original polarization or with a polarization rotated by 90.degree. depending on the switch output from which they come. A signal with the original polarization or with the polarization rotated by 90.degree. is present at the splitter output, depending on the logic values of the bits of the modulating signal.

HIGH-SPEED MODULATOR FOR THE POLARIZATION OF AN OPTICAL CARRIER

CIRCUIT FOR GENERATING PULSES OF HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENT DELIVERED INTO A LOAD CIRCUIT AND IMPLEMENTING METHOD

L'invention concerne un circuit de génération d'impulsions délivrant des impulsions avec des temps de montée et de descente très brefs. Ce circuit comporte deux circuits d'alimentation haute tension (1 et 2), délivrant chacun, à deux instants différents, un courant dans un même circuit de charge (17) réalisé par une cellule de Pockels simple ou double.

An optical modulating circuit and an optical transmission system

Optical phase modulation circuit and method of optical phase modulation

The present invention provides an optical phase modulation circuit and method of optical phase modulation capable of achieving high-speed operation without increasing power consumption. This optical phase modulation circuit comprises: an optical modulation unit (50) which has a plurality of segmented electrodes (12 - 15) coupled in tandem and generates a modulated signal by adding together optical signals modulated using respective segmented electrodes; drive circuits (8 - 11) which drive the plurality of segmented electrodes; and a modulation timing control unit (60) which by controlling the operation timing of the drive circuits (8 - 11), controls the timing at which optical signals are modulated at the plurality of segmented electrodes.

ELECTRO-OPTICAL ELEMENT OF MODULATION OF LIGHT

Power conservation circuit for a capacitive load

ELECTRICAL PULSE GENERATOR HIGH VOLTAGE PULSED LASER ESPECIALLY FOR

OPTICAL MODULATING DEVICE

HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH WITH ADJUSTABLE CURRENT

The invention relates to a high voltage switch comprising a chain of MOSFET transistors, wherein the current of the individual MOSFETS and hence the chain can be controlled by means of adding a current measuring resistance into the source path of the transistors and transmitting the voltage arising there via a capacitor to the gate connector of the transistors.

Cable system incorporating highly linear optical modulator

A system incorporating a pair of Mach-Zehnder modulators (164,166) for performing amplitude modulation of an optical carrier is disclosed. Each of the modulators is designed to suppress even order distortion products and develop third order distortion products of opposite sign and equal magnitude. The outputs of the two modulators are combined in a directional coupler (155) resulting in substantially suppressing second through fourth order distortion products.

Method and device for controlling bias of optical modulator

A method and device for adequately controlling the DC bias of each of the optical modulating sections of an optical modulator even while the optical modulator is operating in normal mode and even with a simple structure. An optical modulator bias controller (B) for controlling the DC bias of each optical modulating section of an optical modulator (1) is characterized by comprising DC bias application means (3) for applying a DC bias to each of the optical modulating sections, a low-frequency signal superimposing circuit (2) for superimposing a low-frequency signal fB with a specific frequency on a modulating signal b applied to each optical modulating section, optical sensing means (9) for sensing a change of the intensity of the light wave passing through the combining section, and bias control means (4) for extracting the change of the intensity of light corresponding to the low-frequency signal from the optical sensing means and controlling the DC bias application means according to ...

OPTICAL MODULATOR AND A DRIVING CIRCUIT THEREFOR

An electro-optical circuit in which diode-like electrical characteristics of an optical modulator employed therein are used to generate one or more DC-offset levels that place the optical modulator into a proper electrical operating configuration for modulating light transmitted therethrough. In an example embodiment, the optical modulator includes an optical waveguide comprising at least a portion of a semiconductor diode connected to a data driver using a clamping circuit, the clamping circuit being configured to cause a data-modulated electrical signal outputted by the data driver to set a DC-offset level applied to the semiconductor diode. As a result, the use of on-chip and/or on-board bias-tees can advantageously be avoided. In some embodiments, the optical modulator can be driven using two different data signals, each used to set a different respective DC-offset level at the semiconductor diode. In various embodiments, the optical modulator can be an intensity modulator and/or a phase modulator. 1. An apparatus comprising:an optical modulator comprising an optical waveguide that includes at least a portion of a semiconductor diode, the semiconductor diode being electrically connected between first and second electrical terminals, the optical waveguide being optically coupled between an optical input and an optical output of the optical modulator; anda data driver connected to the first and second electrical terminals to electrically drive the optical modulator in a manner that causes the optical modulator to modulate light traveling from the optical input to the optical output thereof in response to an input data signal received by the data driver; andwherein the data driver is electrically connected to the first and second electrical terminals in a manner that causes a first varying electrical signal generated by the data driver in response to the input data signal to set a first DC-offset level at one of the first and second electrical terminals of the ...

Method and Apparatus for Determining Frequency-Dependent VPI of a Mach-Zehnder Optical Modulator

An apparatus for determining Vpi of an optical modulator includes an RF source that generates a variable power RF modulation signal for modulating an optical modulator. An optical detector detects a modulated optical signal generated by the optical modulator and generates an electrical detection signal in response to the detected modulated optical signal. An RF power meter measures an RF detection signal power to determine a minimum RF detection signal power, an RF modulation signal power corresponding to the minimum RF detection signal power being used to calculate Vpi of the optical modulator.

Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

PICOSECOND LASER APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR ITS OPERATION AND USE

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

Suppression of microwave radiation mode effects in an electro-optic optical modulator

A high frequency optical modulator ( figure 2 ) based on an electro-optic material (such as LiNbO3) is provided with separate connection (20) and termination substrates (21) for applying the external microwave modulation signal (6) to the signal electrode (2) of the modulator. Light passing through an optical waveguide formed on the electro-optic material is modulated according to the signal from the signal electrode. However, noise in the microwave signal produces jitter in the modulated optical output, degrading the modulator's characteristics. Specifically, radiation modes (24) originating at the input terminal (22) of the connection substrate can cause noise at its output terminal (23), which is connected to the signal electrode of the modulator; while radiation modes (26) produced on reflection at the termination device (9) on the termination substrate (21) can cause noise at its input terminal (25), which is also connected to the signal electrode of the modulator; both effects contribute ...

Mach-Zehnder type modulator and method of driving the same

Hochspannungsmodulation ohne Schleppfehler

Hochspannungsversorgung (10, 10a) für einen Pockelszellentreiber mit einem ersten Spannungswandler (26, 26a) und einem zweiten Spannungswandler (26', 26a'), wobei der Spannungseingang des ersten Spannungswandlers (26, 26a) parallel zum Spannungseingang des zweiten Spannungswandlers (26', 26a') geschaltet ist und der erste Spannungswandler (26, 26a) einen ersten Ausgangsschaltkreis (70, 70a) und der zweite Spannungswandler (26', 26a') einen zweiten Ausgangsschaltkreis (70', 70a') aufweist und der erste Ausgangsschaltkreis (70, 70a) mit dem zweiten Ausgangsschaltkreis (70', 70a') seriell zwischen einem Spannungsausgang (22) der Hochspannungsversorgung (10, 10a) geschaltet ist, wobei die Ausgangsschaltkreise (70, 70a, 70', 70a') mit zumindest einer Entladeschaltung (80, 80a, 80') verbunden sind, und wobei zumindest eine Entladeschaltung (80, 80', 80", 80'"), insbesondere alle Entladeschaltungen (80, 80', 80", 80'"), eine aktiv gesteuerte Stromsenke (82) aufweist, wobei eine Steuerungseinheit (124a) zur Steuerung aller Spannungswandler (26, 26a, 26', 26a', 26", 26'") und Entladeschaltungen (80, 80a, 80', 80", 80'") vorgesehen ist, und wobei eine mit der Steuerungseinheit (124a) verbundene Spannungserfassung (24) am Spanungsausgang (22) der Hochspannungsversorgung (19, 10a) vorgesehen ist, sodass eine Regelung der Ausgangsspannung möglich ist. High-voltage supply (10, 10a) for a Pockels cell driver with a first voltage converter (26, 26a) and a second voltage converter (26 ', 26a'), the voltage input of the first voltage converter (26, 26a) parallel to the voltage input of the second voltage converter (26 ' , 26a ') and the first voltage converter (26, 26a) has a first output circuit (70, 70a) and the second voltage converter (26', 26a ') has a second output circuit (70', 70a ') and the first output circuit ( 70, 70a) ...

Treiber für Pockelzelle und Verwendung der Pockelzelle in Lasersystemen

Treiber für eine Pockelszelle in H-Konfiguration mit zwei Nachladewiderständen (R1, R2), über die die Anschlüsse der Pockelszelle mit einem Potential (HV) verbindbar sind, wobei mindestens einem der Nachladewiderstände ein Schalter (S1B, S2B) parallelgeschaltet ist. driver for one Pockels cell in H configuration with two reload resistors (R1, R2), about the the connections the Pockels cell with a potential (HV) are connectable, wherein at least one of the reload resistors a switch (S1B, S2B) is connected in parallel.

VORRICHTUNG UND SYSTEM ZUM HERSTELLEN EINER VIDEOPLATTE

Elektrooptischer Modulator

OPTICAL SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT

ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING A SUPPLY VOLTAGE TO AN ELECTRO-OPTICAL POLARISATION SWITCH

... 1,222,551. Light deflectors. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. 28 Feb., 1968, No. 9627/68. Heading H4F. In a digital light deflecting system utilizing an electro-optical polarization switch an auxiliary beam is passed through the switch and the polarization condition of the emergent beam utilized to control the supply voltage applied to the switch. By controlling the supply voltage in this manner the propagation of light in unwanted directions due to variations in the supply voltage and to temperature effects is prevented. Thus, as shown in Fig. 1, an auxiliary beam 8 plane polarized at 10 is passed through the polarization switch 3 (which comprises a Kerr cell) at right angles to the beam 2 which is to be modulated and the emergent beam is directed via a birefringent plate 11 and plane polarizer 12 to a photodetector 13 the plate 11 being adjusted so that the beam intensity at the photodetector is zero. Fluctuations in the voltage supplied to electrode 4 of the switch from ...

Capacitor charging circuit

... 1,090,918. Switching circuits; modulating light; data transmission systems. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Nov. 1, 1965 [Feb. 26, 1965], No. 46113/65. Headings H3T, H4F and H4P. A circuit for conversion of binary data to phase modulated code comprises a bridge in which adjacent arms each include a power source and a switch, and the other arms each include an inductor, a capacitor being connected between the common point of the power source arms and the common point of the inductor arms. The capacitor, across which the phase modulated code is developed, may be an electro-optic crystal. The Figure shows one embodiment: by means not shown each negative-going transition in the binary data is applied as a pulse at input 8 and then a pulse at input 9, and vice versa for each positivegoing transition. The pulses control transistor switches, 19, and, loops A and B being resonant at twice the bit frequency, an alternating frequency of maximum amplitude twice that of the source 16a ...

Optical transmitter

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING VIDEO INFORMATION

... 1462791 Television recording and playback MCA DISCO-VISION Inc 15 Feb 1974 [20 Feb 1973] 7021/74 Heading G5R A video recording made by a modulated laser beam is read by a second laser beam distinguished from the recording beam by having a different wavelength. As shown, a beam 40 from an argon ion laser 30 is modulated by video signals in a Pockels cell 32 and passes via a Glan prism 38 and a microscope objective lens 14 on an air bearing 16 to melt a pattern of holes in a bismuth film on a rotating record disc 18. A lower-power HeNe laser 52 sends a reading beam 54 through the same lens 14 at an angle to the recording beam so as to read the record about 2 Ám. downstream of the recording spot. A filter 66 stops any of the argon ion recording beam that may have been reflected from the record with the reading beam. The path of the reading beam includes a polarizing beam-splitter 56 and a quarter-wave plate 62, as described in Specification 1,462,792.

OPTICAL ELEMENT FOR POLARIZATION MODULATION, AND ITS USE IN MORE POLARIMETER OR ELLIPSOMETER

OPTICAL ETALON ARRANGEMENT

TRANSVERSE ELECTROOPTICAL MODULATOR

CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR POCKELS CELL

CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY FOR CONTROLLING AN OPTICAL SYSTEM TO GENERATE OPTICAL PULSES AND PULSE BURSTS

A circuit assembly controlling an optical system to generate optical pulses is provided. The optical system includes a seed light source optically coupled to an amplitude modulator. The circuit assembly includes a control circuit which generates a pulsed seed drive signal for driving the seed laser source, as well as logic signals defining successions of ON and OFF states and having a predetermined relative timing relationship. One or more of the logic signals is delayed by a corresponding programmable delay line to adjust the relative timing relationship between the logic signals. A logic gating module combines the logic signals according to one or more logical rule, thereby providing a modulator drive signal. Using this circuit assembly, the optical system outputs an optical pulse at each ON state of the modulator drive signal synchronized with the passage of one of the seed optical pulses through the amplitude modulator.

CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY FOR CONTROLLING AN OPTICAL SYSTEM TO GENERATE OPTICAL PULSES AND PULSE BURSTS

A circuit assembly controlling an optical system to generate optical pulses is provided. The optical system includes a seed light source optically coupled to an amplitude modulator. The circuit assembly includes a control circuit which generates a pulsed seed drive signal for driving the seed laser source, as well as logic signals defining successions of ON and OFF states and having a predetermined relative timing relationship. One or more of the logic signals is delayed by a corresponding programmable delay line to adjust the relative timing relationship between the logic signals. A logic gating module combines the logic signals according to one or more logical rule, thereby providing a modulator drive signal. Using this circuit assembly, the optical system outputs an optical pulse at each ON state of the modulator drive signal synchronized with the passage of one of the seed optical pulses through the amplitude modulator.

OPTICAL MODULATOR

Push-Pull Modulator Driver Circuits

CABLE SYSTEM INCORPORATING HIGHLY LINEAR OPTICAL MODULATOR

... 2065397 9106882 PCTABS00005 A system incorporating a pair of Mach-Zehnder modulators (164, 166) for performing amplitude modulation of an optical carrier is disclosed. Each of the modulators is designed to suppress even order distortion products and develop third order distortion products of opposite sign and equal magnitude. The outputs of the two modulators are combined in a directional coupler (155) resulting in substantially suppressing second through fourth order distortion products.

PROCESS OF MODULATION Of OPTICAL IMPULSES WITH COMPRESSION AND SYSTEM DEMODULATION FOR the IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS

Q?SWITCHED?MODE?LOCKED LASER OSCILLATOR

Phase modulator for spreading spectral density of laser beam, has quarter wave line with external and internal conductors separated by dielectric and connected by short circuit, where circuit is displaced along conductors

Modulateur de phase pour faisceau laser comprenant un générateur (100) délivrant un signal électromagnétique de haute fréquence, une ligne (55) coaxiale quart d'onde, d'adaptation de l'impédance d'un cristal (19) piézoélectrique à l'impédance du générateur (100). La ligne (55) est couplée au générateur (100) par une boucle (26) faisant office d'antenne.

Optical time division multiplexer for temperature/pressure sensor

The multiplexer includes a modulator (3) with an input (1) which receives a succession of optical pulses of pre-set repetitive frequency. The modulator is controlled by an oscillator (5) which generates a clock signal. The optical signal is detected by a photodetector (8) connected to a control circuit (90) which generates a control signal applied to a phase shifter (4).

GENERATEUR D'IMPULSIONS ELECTRIQUES HAUTE TENSION NOTAMMENT POUR LASER IMPULSIONNEL

LE GENERATEUR COMPREND UN ETAGE DE SORTIE 30 AVEC UN TUBE A VIDE D'EMISSION 31 AYANT UNE ELECTRODE DE COMMANDE POUR RECEVOIR DES IMPULSIONS DE COMMANDE, ET UN CIRCUIT 36 DE MISE EN FORME D'IMPULSIONS RELIES A L'ANODE DU TUBE A VIDE POUR METTRE EN FORME LES IMPULSIONS PRODUITES PAR CELUI-CI, ET UN ETAGE D'ELABORATION D'IMPULSIONS DE COMMANDE AYANT UN CIRCUIT D'ENTREE 10 RECEVANT DES SIGNAUX DE DECLENCHEMENT AU RYTHME DES IMPULSIONS A PRODUIRE PAR LE GENERATEUR ET UN CIRCUIT 20 POUR CONVERTIR LES SIGNAUX DE DECLENCHEMENT EN IMPULSIONS DE COMMANDE AYANT UN NIVEAU DE TENSION SUFFISANT POUR DECLENCHER L'EMISSION D'IMPULSIONS PAR LE TUBE A VIDE LORSQU'ELLES SONT APPLIQUEES A L'ELECTRODE DE COMMANDE DE CELUI-CI. LE GENERATEUR CONVIENT EN PARTICULIER POUR COMMANDER UN DISPOSITIF A DECHARGE DE CAVITE DANS UN LASER IMPULSIONNEL.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS TO STORE AND RESTORE INFORMATION IN the SHAPE Of a SIGNAL MODULATE IN FREQUENCY ON an ELEMENT OF STORAGE Of INFORMATION

OPTICAL MODULATOR MODULE, INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FOR DRIVING OPTICAL MODULATOR, AND METHOD FOR MODULATING OPTICAL SIGNAL

In the present invention, waveguide optical phase modulator domains (14) of a linear accelerator-type column electrode structure MZ optical modulator (1) are arranged side by side atop a semiconductor optical waveguide (11). A clock signal (CLK) is inputted via an input-side buffer circuit to a transmission line (23) of an integrated circuit (2). Clock terminators (25a, 25b) are connected between an end part of the transmission line (23) and clock terminator power source electrodes (VCa, VCb). The clock signal (CLK) is inputted to each of individual drive circuits (21) from different positions on the transmission line (23). Counting from the input side, an i-th (1≤i≤m, where i is an integer) individual drive circuit outputs to an i-th waveguide optical phase modulator domain (14) a signal obtained by amplifying a digital input signal (Di) in synchronization with the clock signal (CLK).

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING RETURN-TO-ZERO SIGNALS

Selon l'invention, pour le transfert optique, des impulsions étroites sont générées à l'aide d'au moins deux modulateurs (M1, M2), et des signaux d'attaque (TS1, TS2) de même fréquence mais dont les amplitudes sont différentes sont utilisés. Les modulateurs présentent différents points de fonctionnement.

Frequency multiplying electro-optic modulator configuration and method

In a Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator (10), an optical waveguide (14) includes two branches (20,22) extending between an optical input (16) and an optical output (18) is formed in a substrate (12) of a material having electro-optical properties. An electrical signal applied to a modulation input (34) affects the material such that the effective optical lengths of the branches (20,22) vary differently in correspondence with the magnitude of the electrical signal. The optical signals propagating through the branches (20,22) interfere with each other at the optical output (18) at a phase angle depending on the difference between the effective optical lengths. A selected electrical bias voltage applied to the modulation input (34) causes non-linear modulation of an input optical signal with one or more even integral multiples of an electrical input signal which is additionally applied to the modulation input (34), thereby providing frequency multiplication. Two or more non-linearly operated ...

Tunable pulse width optical pulse generator

A system for generating variable pulse width optical pulses includes an optical modulator, and means for generating an electrical modulation signal. The optical modulator includes an optical input for receiving an input optical signal, a modulation input for receiving the electrical modulation signal that modulates the input optical signal, and an optical output for providing output optical pulses resulting from the modulation of the input optical signal. The electrical modulation signal is formed by combining a base waveform with one or more odd harmonics of the base waveform. The pulse widths of the output optical pulses can be precisely controlled, by adjusting the relative amplitudes and phases of each of the constituent waveforms that form the modulation signal. The system can be used as part of a variable transmission window OTDM demultiplexer.

Controlled-capacitance full-depletion interdigitated pin modulator

A method of modulating an optical input with a radio frequency (RF) signal, an interdigitated modulator, and an electro-optical modulator including the interdigitated modulator are described. The method includes splitting the optical input to a first optical input and a second optical input, traversing a first region and a second region, respectively, with the first optical input and the second optical input, and modulating the first optical input with the RF signal in the first region. The method also includes controlling propagation speed of the RF signal in the first region, controlling RF line impedance in the first region, and controlling an optical loss of the first optical input in the first region.

PANEL, DISPLAY COMPONENT, AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING VIEW ANGLE OF DISPLAY COMPONENT

The disclosure relates to a panel comprising a first conductive layer that is transparent, a second conductive layer that is transparent, and a refractive-index-variable layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A refractive index of the variable-refractive-index layer varies with a voltage applied between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

VARIABLE PULSE WIDTH OPTICAL PULSE GENERATION WITH SUPERPOSED MULTIPLE FREQUENCY DRIVE

A variable pulse width optical pulse generation system includes a first and a second optical interferometric modulator (12, 14). A first drive signal (30) applied to the first modulator (12) modulates an input optical signal (16), so as to provide a first modulated optical signal (20). A second drive signal (32) applied to the second modulator (14) modulates the fist modulated optical signal (20), producing output optical pulses (22). One or both of the drive signals (30, 32) may be formed by superposing a plurality of waveforms having different frequencies, for example a base frequency and its odd harmonics. By adjusting the relative amplitudes of the drive signals (30, 32), or the relative amplitudes of the component waveforms forming the drive signals (30, 32), the pulse width and the extinction ratio of the output pulses (22) can be varied so as to achieve optimal values.

Optischer Modulator

Optischer Modulator

ELECTRO-OPTIC LIGHT CONTROL ELEMENT

... 1529214 Controlling light NIPPON KOGAKU KK 18 Sept 1975 [18 Sept 1974] 23612/78 Divided out of 1529212 Heading G2F A light control device for use as a photographic shutter-diaphragm (see also Specifications 1529212 and 1529213) comprises a transparent electrode 50, an electro-optic layer 52 and selectively energizable electrodes 44a to f the latter being overlapped so that the whole of the layer 52 can be subjected to a field. As shown, the device includes transparent substrates 21, 42 and transparent insulators 46a to e. Figs. 6 and 8 (not shown) show alternative constructions. The layer 52 may be a liquid crystal, a ceramic or an electrochromic substance.

OPTICAL RETROMODULATOR

High voltage switch with adjustable current

The present disclosure relates to a high voltage switch which may comprise a chain of MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The current of the individual MOSFETS, and hence the chain, can be controlled by means of adding a current measuring resistance into the source path of the transistors and transmitting the voltage arising there via a capacitor to a gate connector of the transistors.

Enhanced Low Inductance Interconnections Between Electronic and Opto-Electronic Integrated Circuits

A configuration for routing electrical signals between a conventional electronic integrated circuit (IC) and an opto-electronic subassembly is formed as an array of signal paths carrying oppositely-signed signals on adjacent paths to lower the inductance associated with the connection between the IC and the opto-electronic subassembly. The array of signal paths can take the form of an array of wirebonds between the IC and the subassembly, an array of conductive traces formed on the opto-electronic subassembly, or both.

WIDE-BAND RF PHOTONIC RECEIVERS AND OTHER DEVICES USING TWO OPTICAL MODES OF DIFFERENT QUALITY FACTORS

This document provides techniques, apparatus and designs for using electro-optic WGM resonators that support two different families of optical WGM modes with different quality factors in various applications. A radio frequency (RF) resonator is formed on the optical resonator and structured to supply an RF field and spatially overlaps the RF field of the RF resonator with the first and second optical whispering gallery modes to cause RF energy in the RF field at a first RF carrier frequency to couple with the first optical whispering gallery mode and RF energy in the RF field at a second RF carrier frequency to couple with the second optical whispering gallery mode. 1. A device , comprising:a laser that produces laser light;an optical resonator that receives the laser light from the laser, the optical resonator including an electro-optic material having a refractive index responsive to an electric field and structured to support at least one first optical whispering gallery mode having a first quality factor, and at least one second optical whispering gallery mode with a second quality factor less than the first quality factor;a radio frequency (RF) resonator formed on the optical resonator and structured to spatially overlap an RF field of the RF resonator with the fields of the first and second optical whispering gallery modes;wherein the electro-optic material of the optical resonator is structured to include two electro-optic material pieces having respective crystalline axes to be opposite to each other and to interact with the RF resonator to cause coupling between the first and second optical whispering gallery modes via the RF field;a first optical coupler located in an optical path of the laser light and optically coupled to the optical resonator to couple the laser light from the laser into the optical resonator in the first optical whispering gallery mode and couple light in the first optical whispering gallery mode inside the optical resonator out of the ...

Integrated driver and related method

A driver circuit may include a first node (VA), and a first circuit to generate on the first node (VA) an inverted replica of an input signal (VIN) during driver switching between a first supply voltage (Vdd 1 ) and ground, the inverted replica having a threshold voltage value based upon a reference voltage (Vref) greater than the first supply voltage (Vdd 1 ). The driver circuit may include a cascode stage (M 3 ) to be controlled by the reference voltage (Vref) and to be coupled between a second supply voltage (Vdd 2 ) and the first node, a delay circuit (D) to generate a delayed replica of the input signal (VIN), an amplifier, and a switching network (M 5, M 6 ) to couple a control terminal of an active load transistor (M 9 ) either to one of the reference voltage (Vref) or to ground, based upon the input signal (VIN).

High-speed wide field-of-view electro-optic system and method

An electro-optic modulator comprising at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; whereby light is modulated by passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal. A method for modulating light comprising providing at least one at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; providing first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; providing an interrogating light beam striking at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; modulating light passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; and receiving a modulated light beam.

Waveguide type optical element

To effectively prevent the acceleration of the drift phenomenon generated by the application of a high electric field to a substrate through a bias electrode in a waveguide type optical element. A waveguide type optical element includes a substrate ( 100 ) having an electro-optic effect, two optical waveguides ( 104 and 106 ) disposed on a surface of the substrate, a non-conductive layer ( 120 ) which is disposed on the substrate and is made of a material having a lower dielectric constant than the substrate, and a control electrode ( 150 ) which is disposed on the non-conductive layer and is intended to generate a refractive index difference between the two optical waveguides by respectively applying electric fields to the two optical waveguides, and the non-conductive layer is constituted of a material which includes silicon oxide, an oxide of indium, and an oxide of titanium and has a ratio between a molar concentration of the titanium oxide and a molar concentration of indium oxide of 1.2 or more, and a voltage generating an electric field of 1 V/μm or more in the substrate is applied to the control electrode.

HIGH-SPEED WIDE FIELD-OF-VIEW ELECTRO-OPTIC SYSTEM AND METHOD

An electro-optic modulator comprising at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; whereby light is modulated by passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal. A method for modulating light comprising providing at least one at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; providing first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; providing an interrogating light beam striking at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; modulating light passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; and receiving a modulated light beam. 1. An electro-optic system comprising:a nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal;first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to drive circuitry to modulate light passing therethrough;a reflector that reflects the modulated light;whereby light is intensity or phase modulated through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal in accordance with the voltage produced by the drive circuitry.2. The system of wherein the reflector is a retroreflector and the light reflected by the retroreflector comprises a phase or intensity modulated beam which is received by a receiver and wherein the light passing through the potassium tantalate niobate crystal comprises an interrogation beam emitted by a light source and wherein prior to operation the temperature of the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal is reduced to the Curie temperature claim 1 , causing it to become nanodisordered claim 1 , in order to ...

PHOTONIC BANDGAP PHASE MODULATOR, OPTICAL FILTER BANK, PHOTONIC COMPUTING SYSTEM, AND METHODS OF USE

A photonic computing system, preferably including an input module, a computation module, and/or control module. The photonic computing system can include one or more optical filter banks, such as in the computation module and/or any other suitable modules. Each optical filter bank preferably includes a plurality of photonic bandgap phase modulators. Each photonic bandgap phase modulator preferably includes a set of photonic crystal segments. The photonic crystal segments can preferably be controlled to transition light propagation between two or more photonic bands. 1. A method for optical modulation , comprising , at an optical filter bank comprising a waveguide , a first photonic bandgap phase modulator (PhBPM) defining a first portion of the waveguide , and a second PhBPM defining a second portion of the waveguide: a first mode, in which light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength propagates through the first photonic crystal region in a first photonic band defining a first refractive index; and', 'a second mode, in which light of the first wavelength propagates through the first photonic crystal region in a second photonic band defining a second refractive index substantially different from the first refractive index, and light of the second wavelength propagates through the first photonic crystal region in the first photonic band;, 'applying a first electrical input to a first photonic crystal region of the first PhBPM, wherein the first photonic crystal region is operable to transition, based on the first electrical input, between a third mode, in which light of the second wavelength propagates through the second photonic crystal region in a third photonic band defining a third refractive index, and light of the first wavelength propagates through the second photonic crystal region in a fourth photonic band defining a fourth refractive index substantially different from the third refractive index; and', 'a fourth mode, in which light of the ...

OPTICAL DEVICE AND TRANSMITTER

An optical device includes an optical waveguide that includes an incident waveguide, parallel waveguides along an electrode, and emission waveguides, formed on a substrate having an electro-optical effect, a first emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as an output waveguide of signal light, for output to an external destination and a second emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as a monitoring optical waveguide for the signal light; a photodetector that is disposed over the monitoring optical waveguide; and a groove formed on a portion of the substrate, where the photodetector of the monitoring optical waveguide is disposed. The monitoring optical waveguide has a width that, as compared with the width at a starting point side, is formed to increase as the monitoring optical waveguide approaches the groove. 1. An optical device comprising:an optical waveguide that includes an incident waveguide, parallel waveguides along an electrode, and emission waveguides, formed on a substrate having an electro-optical effect, a first emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as an output waveguide of signal light, for output to an external destination and a second emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as a monitoring optical waveguide for the signal light;a photodetector disposed over the monitoring optical waveguide, where the photodetector directly overlies the monitoring optical waveguide; anda groove formed on a portion of the substrate, where the photodetector of the monitoring optical waveguide is disposed, whereinthe monitoring optical waveguide has a width that, as compared with the width at a starting point side, is formed to increase as the monitoring optical waveguide approaches the groove.2. The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the monitoring optical waveguide includes:a first portion where, as compared with a width on the starting point side, the width of the optical waveguide is formed ...

POCKELS CELL DRIVER CIRCUIT COMPRISING RESISTIVE, INDUCTIVE OR CAPACITIVE ELEMENTS

The driver circuit comprises a first node (J), which is connected to a first terminal of the Pockels cell (CP), a second node (J), which is connected to a second terminal of the Pockels cell (CP), wherein the first node (J) is connected to a first potential (+HV) via a first switching unit (S1) and the second node (J) is connected to the first potential (+HV) via a second switching unit (S) and wherein the first node (J) is connected to a second potential (−HV) via a first resistance (R) and the second node (J) is connected to the second potential (−HV) via a second resistance (R); and wherein the first node (J) is connected to the second node (J) via a series circuit comprising a third resistance (R) and an inductance (L). 1. A driver circuit , comprising:a first node, which is connected to a first terminal of a Pockels cell; and the first node is connected to a first potential via a first switching unit and the second node is connected to the first potential via a second switching unit,', 'the first node is connected to a second potential via a first resistance and the second node is connected to the second potential via a second resistance, and', 'the first node is connected to the second node via a series circuit comprising a third resistance and an inductance., 'a second node, which is connected to a second terminal of the Pockels cell; wherein2. The driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:a resistance value of the third resistance is in a range of 100 kΩ to 2000 kΩ.3. The driver circuit according to claim 1 , wherein:an inductance value of the inductance is in a range of 1 mH to 20 mH.4. The driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of:a resistance value of the first resistance is in a range of 100 kΩ to 10000 kΩ, or a resistance value of the second resistance is in a range of 100 kΩ to 1000 kΩ.5. A Pockels cell comprising the driver circuit as claimed in .6. A laser system comprising at least one Pockels cell comprising the driver ...

OPTICAL MODULATOR

Modulation electrodes, bias electrodes, and bias electrodes are disposed in this order in a light wave-travelling direction in an optical modulation region modulating light having a wavelength. On the other hand, in an optical modulation region modulating light having a wavelength, the bias electrodes, the bias electrodes, and the modulation electrodes are disposed in this order in the light wave-travelling direction. That is, an order of the modulation electrodes and the bias electrodes in a longitudinal direction of a substrate is changed for each of the wavelengths. 1. An optical modulator comprising:a first optical modulation region modulating light having a first wavelength; anda second optical modulation region modulating light having a second wavelength being formed on a substrate having an electro-optic effect and side by side in a width direction of the substrate,wherein each of the optical modulation regions has modulation electrodes and bias electrodes, andan order of the modulation electrodes and the bias electrodes in a longitudinal direction of the substrate is changed for each of the wavelengths.2. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein a direction in which the light having a first wavelength travels in the first optical modulation region and a direction in which the light having a second wavelength travels in the second optical modulation region are opposite to each other.3. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein the substrate is accommodated in a housing,in the housing, an RF interface for the modulation electrodes and a DC interface for the bias electrodes are provided, andthe DC interface, the RF interface, and the other DC interface are arranged on one side surface of the housing in this order.4. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein a first bias electrode and a second bias electrode are provided as the bias electrodes, andan order of the modulation electrode, the first bias electrode, and the second bias ...

DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY SYSTEM AND DISPLAY METHOD

The present disclosure provides a display device, including: a light emitting device and a light adjusting layer, the light adjusting layer being on a light emitting side of the light emitting device, and the light emitting device being configured to generate and emit light having a wavelength in a wavelength range of visible light, wherein the light adjusting layer is configured to block light having a wavelength in a partial wavelength range of blue light from passing through when subjected to an external stimulus and allow the light having the wavelength in the partial wavelength range of blue light to pass through when the external stimulus is removed, and the light adjusting layer includes a responsive photonic crystal. 1. A display device , comprising: a light emitting device and a light adjusting layer , the light adjusting layer being on a light emitting side of the light emitting device , and the light emitting device being configured to generate and emit light having a wavelength in a wavelength range of visible light , whereinthe light adjusting layer is configured to block light having a wavelength in a partial wavelength range of blue light from passing through in response to the light adjusting layer being subjected to an external stimulus and allow the light having the wavelength in the partial wavelength range of blue light to pass through in response to removing the external stimulus, andthe light adjusting layer comprises a responsive photonic crystal.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the light adjusting layer comprises: an electrically responsive photonic crystal.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein the light adjusting layer comprises: a first electrode claim 2 , an electrolyte layer claim 2 , an electroactive layer claim 2 , and a second electrode that are stacked;the electrolyte layer and the electroactive layer are between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field is formed between the first electrode and ...

RECONFIGURABLE PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL MASKS FOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL COMPRESSIVE SENSING

An optical system that includes a reconfigurable phase-change material (PCM) layer that includes a plurality of individually controllable pixel areas. Each individually controllable pixel area is variable between a first refractive index and a second refractive index. The PCM layer is configured to pass radiation incident on the PCM layer in accordance with a first mask pattern through the PCM layer in a downstream direction. A PCM controller is configured to control the plurality of individually controllable pixel areas to have respective refractive indices in accordance with the first mask pattern. 1. An optical system comprising:a reconfigurable phase-change material (PCM) layer comprising a plurality of individually controllable pixel areas, each individually controllable pixel area being variable between a first refractive index and a second refractive index, the PCM layer being configured to pass radiation incident on the PCM layer in accordance with a first mask pattern through the PCM layer in a downstream direction; anda PCM controller configured to control the plurality of individually controllable pixel areas to have respective refractive indices in accordance with the first mask pattern.2. The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the PCM controller is further configured to claim 1 , after a period of time claim 1 , control the plurality of individually controllable pixel areas to have respective refractive indices in accordance with a second mask pattern.3. The optical system of claim 2 , wherein the period of time comprises between about 15 nanoseconds and about 20 nanoseconds.4. The optical system of claim 3 , wherein the PCM controller is further configured to control the plurality of individually controllable pixel areas to have respective refractive indices in accordance with a sequence of mask patterns claim 3 , including the first mask pattern claim 3 , a period of time between each mask pattern of the sequence of mask patterns being between about ...

OPTICAL MODULATOR AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION APPARATUS

An optical modulator includes an optical modulation element () including a plurality of signal electrodes (and the like), a plurality of lead pins (and the like) for inputting high frequency signals, and a relay substrate () in which conductor patterns (and the like) that electrically connect the lead pins and the signal electrodes are formed, and at least one of the conductor patterns in the optical modulator is constituted so that at least one resonant frequency of the at least one of the conductor patterns is different from at least one resonant frequency of at least one of the other conductor patterns. 1. An optical modulator comprising:an optical modulation element including a plurality of signal electrodes;a plurality of lead pins for inputting high frequency signals, and;a relay substrate on which conductor patterns that electrically connect the lead pins and the signal electrodes are formed,wherein at least one of the conductor patterns is constituted so that at least one resonant frequency of the at least one of the conductor patterns is different from at least one resonant frequency of at least one of the other conductor patterns.2. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein the at least one of the conductor patterns is constituted so that at least one resonant frequency of the at least one of the conductor patterns is different from at least one resonant frequency of the conductor pattern adjacent to the at least one of the conductor patterns.3. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein the at least one of the conductor patterns has an electrical length different from that of at least one of the other conductor patterns and thus at least one resonant frequency of the at least one of the conductor patterns is different from a resonant frequency of the at least one of the other conductor patterns.4. The optical modulator according to claim 3 ,wherein the at least one of the conductor patterns has a physical length different from a ...

Thermally Stabilised Resonant Electro-Optic Modulator and Use Thereof

Thermally stabilised resonant electro-optic modulator ( 1 ), wherein the temperature control unit ( 8 ) is provided for separately determining the first and the second intensities measured by the light sensor ( 6 ) at the first voltages and the second voltages respectively in function of time.

Distributed light intensity modulator

A distributed light intensity modulator, comprising: a substrate (); a light splitting element (), an optical waveguide () and a light combining element () which are sequentially connected and provided on the substrate (); a driving electrode () provided on the substrate () and comprising a plurality of sub-driving electrodes () arranged at intervals, the optical waveguide () sequentially passing through the sub-driving electrodes (); and at least one voltage bias electrode (), at least some of which are provided spaced apart from the sub-driving electrodes (). The length of each sub-driving electrode () is far less than the total length of such conventional modulator, and in each sub-driving electrode (), an optical signal and an electrical signal can be synchronously propagated approximately. The distributed light intensity modulator minimizes the walk-off phenomenon between photoelectric signals. The voltage bias electrodes () are provided between the sub-driving electrodes () to serve as crosstalk prevention devices for shielding crosstalk between the sub-driving electrodes (), so that while improving the modulation bandwidth and reducing the driving voltage, the modulator can reduce the bias-drift phenomenon, and prevent the crosstalk between the sub-driving electrodes () caused by improving the modulation bandwidth and reducing the driving voltage. 1. A distributed light intensity modulator , comprising:a substrate; a light splitting element, an optical waveguide and a light combining element, sequentially connected and disposed on the substrate;a driving electrode, disposed on the substrate and comprising a plurality of sub-driving electrodes arranged at intervals;at least one voltage bias electrode, disposed between the sub-driving electrodes, whereinat least some of the voltage bias electrodes are spaced apart from the sub-driving electrodes.2. The distributed light intensity modulator as claimed in claim 1 , whereinthe driving electrode is a coplanar ...

BIAS CONTROL CIRCUIT AND BIAS CONTROL METHOD

A control unit of a bias control circuit performs a loop process that fixes a second bias voltage and iterates a process of recording a pair of a first candidate bias voltage and a second candidate bias voltage that are a first bias voltage when optical power of a multi-level QAM signal output by an optical modulator is controlled so that the optical power converges to a value in the vicinity of the maximum value or the minimum value before and after a third bias voltage is increased or decreased by a half-wave voltage while changing the second bias voltage within a predetermined range. The control unit calculates the difference between the first candidate bias voltage and the second candidate bias voltage for each of a plurality of recorded pairs and determines a value between first candidate bias voltage and the second candidate bias voltage of a pair selected on the basis of the calculated difference as the value of the first bias voltage. 1. A bias control circuit that performs bias control of an optical modulator , wherein the optical modulator comprises:a first optical phase modulation unit that changes the phase or intensity of input light in accordance with a first n-ary data signal, which takes n kinds of values;a second optical phase modulation unit that changes the phase or intensity of input light in accordance with a second n-ary data signal, which takes n kinds of values;an optical phase shifter that delays at least one of output light from the first optical phase modulation unit and output light from the second optical phase modulation unit to apply an optical phase difference of +π/2 or −π/2; anda combining unit that combines the output light from the first optical phase modulation unit and the output light from the second optical phase modulation unit, the optical phase difference by the optical phase shifter having been applied to at least one of the output light from the first optical phase modulation unit and the output light from the second ...

Plasma Based Light Source Having a Target Material Coated on a Cylindrically-Symmetric Element

The present disclosure is directed to laser produced plasma light sources having a target material, such as Xenon, that is coated on the outer surface of a cylindrically-symmetric element (e.g., drum). Embodiments include a pre-pulsing arrangement which can be optimized to reduce irradiation damage to the drum and a pulse trimming unit which can be employed to reduce irradiation damage to the drum. In addition, an embodiment is disclosed wherein the surface of a cylindrically-symmetric element is formed with a plurality of grooves having a groove depth greater than 1 mm and a focusing unit focusing a laser beam and establishing an irradiation site to produce plasma from the target material, with the irradiation site distanced from a groove surface portion to protect the surface portion from irradiation damage. 1. A device comprising:a cylindrically-symmetric element rotatable about an axis and having a surface coated with a band of plasma-forming target material having an exposed surface;a system outputting a train of laser beam pulses, each pulse having a leading edge characterized by a rise in laser beam intensity over time; anda pulse trimming unit receiving pulses downstream of the laser system and trimming at least a portion of the leading edge of each pulse to output a trimmed pulse for interaction with the target material to produce plasma.2. A device as recited in wherein each pulse has a trailing edge characterized by a decline in laser beam intensity over time and the pulse trimming unit trims at least a portion of the trailing edge of each pulse.3. A device as recited in wherein the pulse trimming unit comprises an electro-optical modulator.4. A device as recited in wherein the electro-optical modulator has a crystal cell having a crystal cell material selected from the group of crystal cell materials consisting of a KDP claim 3 , BBO claim 3 , RTP claim 3 , RTA claim 3 , LiNbO3.5. A device as recited in wherein the system outputting a train of laser beam ...

Integrated polarization converter and frequency shifter

An optical device is described. This optical device includes an electro-optical material having an X-cut, Y-propagate orientation. In particular, a Y crystallographic direction of the electro-optical material is parallel to an optical waveguide defined in the electro-optic material and an X crystallographic direction of the electro-optical material is parallel to a vertical direction of the optical device. By applying drive signals having an angular frequency to the electo-optic material, the optical device may perform modulation, corresponding to a traveling-wave configuration, of an optical signal based at least in part on the drive signals. where the modulation involves a polarization conversion and a frequency shift. The angular frequency of the drive signals may be selected to approximately cancel electro-optic cross terms in X-Z plane of the electro-optical material. Moreover, an amplitude of the drive signals may be selected so that the optical device emulates a half-wave-plate configuration.

OPTICAL VOLTAGE PROVE

An optical voltage prove includes: an optical modulator having two modulation electrodes and the optical modulator being configured to modulate an intensity of an incident light depending on a voltage between the two modulation electrodes and output the incident light which is modulated; an input/output optical fiber connected with the optical modulator two contact terminal attachment portions to which contact terminals can be detachably attached and contacted, the two contact terminals being configured to be in contact with the points to be measured, the two contact terminal attachment portions being respectively connected with the modulation electrodes and a package that houses the optical modulator and a part of the input/output optical fiber A voltage signal induced via the contact terminals is converted into an optical intensity modulation signal. When an electric wave having a measurement frequency is applied while the contact terminal attachment portions are opened, the package exhibits a shielding effect of attenuating the electric wave by 15 dB or more compared to an output signal intensity measured without providing the package. 1. An optical voltage prove comprising:an optical modulator having at least two modulation electrodes, the optical modulator being configured to modulate an intensity of an incident light depending on a voltage between the two modulation electrodes and output the incident light which is modulated;an input optical fiber that is connected with the optical modulator;an output optical fiber that is connected with the optical modulator;two contact terminals or two contact terminal attachment portions to which the two contact terminals can be detachably attached and contacted, the two contact terminals being connected with the two modulation electrodes and configured to be in contact with points to be measured;a package that houses the optical modulator, a part of the input optical fiber and a part of the output optical fiber, whereina ...

Distributed optical phase modulator

Provided is a distributed optical phase modulator, comprising: a substrate (); an optical waveguide () arranged on the substrate (); a drive electrode () that is arranged on the substrate () and comprises a plurality of sub drive electrodes () arranged at intervals; and at least one shielding electrode (), wherein at least some shielding electrodes and the sub drive electrodes () are arranged at intervals. The optical waveguide () sequentially passes through the sub drive electrodes () and the shielding electrodes (). The length of each part of the drive electrode () is far less than the total length of an equivalent traditional modulator, and the drive signal voltage of each part is also far less than the drive signal voltage of the equivalent traditional modulator. In each part of the drive electrode (), the propagation of an optical signal and the propagation of an electrical signal can be approximately synchronous, even synchronous. The phenomenon of walk-off between the optical signal and the electrical signal is minimized, and the upper limit of a modulation bandwidth is improved. The shielding electrodes () are respectively arranged between the sub drive electrodes (), so that crosstalk between the sub drive electrodes () can be shielded, and crosstalk between the sub drive electrodes () can be greatly reduced. 1. A distributed optical phase modulator , comprising:a substrate; an optical waveguide disposed on the substrate;a drive electrode, disposed on the substrate and comprising a plurality of sub drive electrodes arranged at intervals;at least one shielding electrode, some of which are spaced apart from the sub drive electrodes, whereinthe optical waveguide sequentially passes through the sub drive electrodes and the shielding electrodes.2. The distributed optical phase modulator as claimed in claim 1 , whereinthe drive electrode is a coplanar waveguide structure.3. The distributed optical phase modulator as claimed in claim 2 , whereina same electrical ...

Display panel

A display panel is provided. The display panel has a display area and a peripheral area and includes a plurality of pixels, a plurality of data lines and a plurality of signal traces. The pixels are disposed on the display area and arranged in an array. The data lines extend from the display area to the peripheral area and are respectively electrically connected to a plurality of columns of pixel. The signal traces extend from the display area to the peripheral area and are parallel to the data lines. In addition, the data lines and the signal traces are respectively disposed between two columns of pixels, and the signal traces include a plurality of gate signal traces.

Photovoltaic devices for switchable windows

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a switchable photovoltaic (PV) device that includes a first active material and a static PV device that includes a second active material, where the switchable PV device and the static PV device are positioned substantially parallel to one another, the switchable PV device has a first state that is substantially transparent to a first wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, the switchable PV device has a second state this is substantially opaque to a second wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, the switchable PV device can be reversibly switched between the first state and the second state, the static PV device is substantially transparent to the visible spectrum of light, and both the switchable PV device and static PV device are capable of generating power.

POCKELS CELL DRIVER CIRCUIT WITH INDUCTANCES

The driver circuit contains a first line, which is to be connected to a first terminal of the Pockels cell ( CP), and a second line, which is to be connected to a second terminal of the Pockels cell ( CP), wherein the first line and/or the second line have/has an inductance (). 1. A driver circuit for a Pockels cell , comprisinga first line, which is to be connected to a first terminal of the Pockels cell, anda second line, which is to be connected to a second terminal of the Pockels cell, wherein{'b': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'one or both of the first line and the second line has/have an inductance (L, L), in particular an inductance (L, L) or an inductance component (L, L) is incorporated into the first line and/or the second line.'}2. The driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein{'b': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'one or both of the first line and the second line has/have a capacitor or capacitor component connected in parallel with the inductance (L, L) and/or a diode connected in parallel with the inductance (L, L).'}3. The driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein{'b': 1', '2, 'the inductance values of the inductance or inductances (L, L) and/or the capacitance values of the capacitor or capacitors are dimensioned such that a voltage pulse having a rising edge in the nanoseconds range, an exponentially rising section adjacent thereto and a falling edge adjacent thereto in the nanoseconds range is generatable by the driver circuit.'}4. The driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein{'b': 1', '2, 'one or both of the first line and the second line has/have a resistance or resistance component (R, R) connected in series with the inductance.'}5. The driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein{'b': 1', '2, 'the inductance value of one or both of the inductances (L, L) is in a range of 1 μH to 100 mH.'}6. The driver circuit as claimed in claim 2 , whereinthe capacitance value of the capacitor or capacitors is in a range of ≦0.1 nF.7. The driver circuit as ...

ELECTRIC FIELD DETECTION DEVICE AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

One aspect of the present technology relates to an optical electric field sensor device. The device includes a non-conductive housing configured to be located proximate to an electric field. A voltage sensor assembly is positioned within the housing and includes a crystal material positioned to receive an input light beam from a first light source through a first optical fiber. The crystal material is configured to exhibit a Pockels effect when an electric field is applied when the housing is located proximate to the electric field to provide an output light beam to a detector through a second optical fiber. An optical cable is coupled to the housing and configured to house at least a portion of the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber. The first light source and the detector are located remotely from the housing. A method of detecting an electric field is also disclosed. 1. An optical electric field sensor device comprising:a non-conductive housing configured to be located proximate to an electric field;a voltage sensor assembly positioned within the housing, the voltage sensor assembly comprising a crystal material positioned to receive an input light beam from a first light source through a first optical fiber, wherein the crystal material is configured to exhibit a Pockels effect when the electric field is applied through the crystal material when the housing is located proximate to the electric field to provide an output light beam to a detector through a second optical fiber; andan optical cable coupled to the housing and configured to house at least a portion of the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, wherein the first light source and the detector are located remotely from the housing.2. The optical electric field sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the voltage sensor assembly provides a single continuous beam path between the light source claim 1 , through the crystal material claim 1 , and to the detector.3. The optical electric ...

SYNCHRONOUS PHOTOELASTIC MODULATOR DRIVING AND DETECTION

Apparatus include a photoelastic modulator (PEM) optical element, a controller having a frequency generator configured to produce a frequency signal at a selected frequency based on a clock signal of the controller wherein the controller is configured to produce a PEM driving signal based on the frequency signal, a PEM transducer coupled to the PEM optical element and the controller and configured to drive the PEM with the PEM driving signal, and a detector optically coupled to the PEM optical element and configured to receive a PEM modulated output and to produce a PEM detection signal that includes a PEM modulation signal, wherein the controller is configured to receive the PEM detection signal and to extract the PEM modulation signal from the PEM detection signal using the frequency signal and the clock signal. 1. An apparatus , comprising:an optical modulator;a controller having a frequency generator configured to produce a frequency signal at a selected frequency based on a clock signal of the controller, wherein the controller is configured to produce an optical modulator driving signal based on the frequency signal and to direct the optical modulator driving signal to the optical modulator to drive the optical modulator; anda detector optically coupled to the optical modulator and configured to receive a optically modulated output and to produce an optical modulator detection signal that includes an optical modulation signal;wherein the controller is configured to receive the optical modulator detection signal and to extract the optical modulation signal from the optical modulator detection signal using the frequency signal and the clock signal.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical modulator is an acousto-optic modulator or an electro-optic modulator.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical modulator comprises a photoelastic modulator (PEM) optical element claim 1 , and a PEM transducer coupled to the PEM optical element and the ...

Enhanced low inductance interconnections between electronic and opto-electronic integrated circuits

A configuration for routing electrical signals between a conventional electronic integrated circuit (IC) and an opto-electronic subassembly is formed as an array of signal paths carrying oppositely-signed signals on adjacent paths to lower the inductance associated with the connection between the IC and the opto-electronic subassembly. The array of signal paths can take the form of an array of wirebonds between the IC and the subassembly, an array of conductive traces formed on the opto-electronic subassembly, or both.

Driving circuit for optical modulator

In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of differential amplification circuits has: first differential amplification circuits each including a differential pair circuit to generate the differential signal according to the differential input signal, a delay line, and a current source to supply a current to the differential pair circuit via the delay line; and second differential amplification circuits each including a differential pair circuit to generate the differential signal according to the differential input signal, and a current source to directly supply a current to the differential pair circuit. The first differential amplification circuits and the second differential amplification circuits are mutually connected in parallel between the pair of input-side transmission lines and the pair of output-side transmission lines.

Picosecond Laser Apparatus And Methods For Its Operation and Use

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator. 1. (canceled)2. A method for treating a skin pigmentation comprising pigment particles using a photomechanical process , the method comprising exposing at least one pigment particle to pulsed laser energy generated using Nd:YAG , titanium doped sapphire (TIS) crystal , or alexandrite as a lasing medium and with pulses having a duration that is a multiple of the acoustic transit time across said pigment particle to photomechanically disrupt the pigment particle.3. The method of wherein said pulses have an energy of at least 100 mj.4. The method of wherein said duration is less than 1 nanosecond.5. The method of wherein said duration is at most 500 ps.6. The method of wherein said pulses have a duration of between 100 ps and 300 ps.7. The method of wherein said pulses have a duration of between 100 ps and 500 ps.8. The method of wherein the duration is below twice the acoustic transit time across said pigment particle.9. The method of wherein the duration is below five times the acoustic transit time across said pigment particle.10. The method of wherein the duration is from two times to five times the acoustic transit time across the pigment particle.11. The method of wherein the pigment particle is in one of a tattoo claim ...

MONOLITHICALLY INTEGRATED OPTICAL ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION SYSTEM BASED ON LITHIUM NIOBATE-SILICON WAFER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A monolithically integrated optical analog-to-digital conversion system based on a lithium niobate-silicon wafer, and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein a novel wafer (lithium niobate-silicon wafer) is used to implement the monolithically integrated optical analog-to-digital conversion system having multiple photonic devices, including an electro-optical modulator array, a tunable delay line array, an electronic circuit, and the like. As a result, multiple devices are manufactured on one chip, and the performance advantages and the stability of the system are guaranteed. Moreover, the present invention provides a CMOS-compatible method for manufacturing the system, so that the monolithically integrated optical analog-to-digital conversion system based on the lithium niobate-silicon wafer can be implemented on platforms of most chip manufacturers. 1. A monolithically integrated optical analog-to-digital conversion system based on a lithium niobate-silicon wafer , comprising{'b': '100', 'an electro-optical modulator array (),'}{'b': '200', 'a tunable delay line array (),'}{'b': '300', 'a photoelectric detector array (),'}{'b': '400', 'a radio-frequency drive circuit (),'}{'b': '500', 'a direct-current drive circuit (), and'}{'b': '600', 'an electronic signal processing circuit (),'}{'b': 100', '200', '300', '400', '500', '600, 'wherein the electro-optical modulator array (), the tunable delay line array (), the photoelectric detector array (), the radio-frequency drive circuit (), the direct-current drive circuit (), and the electronic signal processing circuit () are integrated on a single chip;'}{'b': 100', '400', '500, 'sup': 'n', 'the electro-optical modulator array () receives optical pulses and analog signals input from the outside, and completes sampling of the analog signals and time-division demultiplexing of the optical pulses to form 2paths of optical outputs under the drive of the radio-frequency drive circuit () and the direct-current drive ...

OPTICAL MODULATOR AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE USING OPTICAL MODULATOR

A substrate () having a piezoelectric effect, optical waveguides (, and the like) formed on the substrate, and a plurality of bias electrodes (, and the like) that control an optical wave (s) which propagate through the optical waveguides are provided, and the bias electrodes are constituted and/or disposed such that an electrical signal applied to one of the bias electrodes is prevented from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through a surface acoustic wave. 1. An optical modulator comprising:a substrate having a piezoelectric effect;an optical waveguide(s) formed on the substrate; anda plurality of bias electrodes that control an optical wave(s) which propagate through the optical waveguide(s),wherein each of the bias electrodes is an interdigital electrode which comprises at least one pair of electrodes which extend with an interval therebetween, andwherein the interval in the bias electrodes is set so as to impede a dither signal applied to one of the bias electrodes from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through a surface acoustic wave propagating on a surface of the substrate.2. An optical modulator comprising:a substrate having a piezoelectric effect;an optical waveguide(s) formed on the substrate; anda plurality of bias electrodes that control an optical wave(s) which propagate through the optical waveguide(s),wherein each of the bias electrodes is an interdigital electrode which comprises at least one pair of electrodes which extend with an interval therebetween, andwherein a relative position between the bias electrodes is set so as to impede a dither signal applied to one of the bias electrodes from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through a surface acoustic wave propagating on a surface of the substrate.3. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein in order to impede the dither signal applied to at least one of the bias electrodes from being received by another one of the bias electrodes ...

ELECTRODE STRUCTURE FOR SILICON PHOTONICS MODULATOR

The purpose of the present invention is to allow a silicon photonics modulator to be operated at high speed with high frequency by providing an electrode structure for the small multichannel high-density silicon photonics modulator. This electrode structure for a silicon photonics modulator includes, on the planar surface of a silicon substrate, a first layer for forming a plurality of bias electrical wirings, and a second layer formed by aligning each of a plurality of ground electrode portions and each electrical wiring in the first layer. 1. An electrode structure for a silicon photonics modulator comprising , on a plane of a silicon substrate ,a first layer for forming plural bias electrical wires, anda second layer formed by aligning plural ground electrode parts with the electrical wires in the first layer respectively.2. The electrode structure according to claim 1 , whereinthe plural bias electrical wires are electrically connected with each other in the first layer, andthe plural ground electrode parts are electrically connected with each other in the second layer.3. The electrode structure according to claim 2 , wherein the silicon photonics modulator is constructed with plural divided-type modulators claim 2 , and whereinplural signal electrode parts are arranged in parallel with the electrical wires in the first layer,the plural electrical wires are electrically connected with each other through spaces between the signal electrode parts in the first layer, andthe plural ground electrode parts are electrically connected with each other through spaces between the signal electrode parts in the second layer.4. The electrode structure according to claim 1 , whereincapacitance for connection between each of the electrical wires in the first layer and each of the aligned ground electrode parts in the second layer is further provided individually.5. The electrode structure according to claim 2 , whereincapacitance for connection between the interconnected ...

Optical module

An optical module includes: a substrate; a first terminal; a plurality of second terminals; a plurality of third terminals; and a plurality of wirings. The plurality of second terminals are on the substrate. The plurality of third terminals are disposed closer to an electrode than the plurality of second terminals on the substrate. The plurality of wirings extend from the plurality of second terminals through a side opposite to the first terminal and reach the electrode.

OPTICAL MODULATOR AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE USING OPTICAL MODULATOR

A substrate () having a piezoelectric effect, optical waveguide (, and the like) formed on the substrate, and a plurality of bias electrodes (, and the like) that control an optical wave (s) which propagate through the optical waveguides are provided, and the bias electrodes are constituted and/or disposed such that an electrical signal applied to one of the bias electrodes is prevented from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through a surface acoustic wave. 1. An optical modulator comprising:a substrate having a piezoelectric effect;an optical waveguide(s) formed on the substrate; anda plurality of bias electrodes that control an optical wave(s) which propagate through the optical waveguide(s),wherein the bias electrodes are constituted and/or disposed such that an electrical signal applied to one of the bias electrodes is prevented from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through a surface acoustic wave.2. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein at least one of the bias electrodes is constituted so that an electro-acoustic conversion efficiency of the at least one of the bias electrodes is suppressed so as to prevent an electrical signal applied thereto from being received by another one of the bias electrodes through the surface acoustic wave, the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency indicating an efficiency of converting an electrical signal applied to the bias electrode into a surface acoustic wave.3. The optical modulator according to claim 2 ,wherein the at least one of the bias electrodes is constituted so that an interval of electrodes constituting the at least one of the bias electrode changes stepwise along a longitudinal direction of the electrodes and thereby the at least one of the bias electrodes has a plurality of characteristic frequencies, each of which gives a maximum value of the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency.4. The optical modulator according to claim 2 ,wherein the at least one of the ...

ELECTRO-OPTICAL PHASE MODULATION SYSTEM

Provided is an electro-optical phase modulation system, including: an electro-optical crystal, a radio frequency circuit and a light source, light incident surface of the electro-optical crystal is in parallel with light exit surface, upper electrode surface thereof is in parallel with lower electrode surface, and an angle between light incident surface and upper electrode surface is Brewster angle; two electrodes of radio frequency circuit are connected to upper and lower electrode surfaces respectively, for transmitting radio frequency signals to upper and lower electrode surfaces, so that an electric filed, direction of which is perpendicular to upper electrode surface, is formed between upper and lower electrode surfaces; light source is located at a side of light incident surface, and incidence angle of beams from light source with respect to light incident surface is Brewster angle. The system is used to reduce residual amplitude modulation, and increase accuracy of phase modulation. 1. An electro-optical phase modulation system , comprising: an electro-optical crystal , a radio frequency circuit and a light source , wherein ,a light incident surface of the electro-optical crystal is in parallel with a light exit surface thereof, an upper electrode surface of the electro-optical crystal is in parallel with and facing a lower electrode surface thereof, the light incident surface and the light exit surface are located between the upper electrode surface and the lower electrode surface, and an angle between the light incident surface and the upper electrode surface is a Brewster angle;two electrodes of the radio frequency circuit are connected to the upper electrode surface and the lower electrode surface respectively, for transmitting radio frequency signals to the upper electrode surface and the lower electrode surface, so that an electric filed, of which a direction is perpendicular to the upper electrode surface, is formed between the upper electrode surface ...

OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICE, AND OPTICAL MODULATION DEVICE AND OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE USING SAME

An optical waveguide device includes a substrate on which an optical waveguide is formed, and a reinforcing block disposed on the substrate, along an end surface of the substrate on which an input portion or an output portion of the optical waveguide is disposed, in which an optical component that is joined to both the end surface of the substrate and an end surface of the reinforcing block is provided, a material used for a joining surface of the optical component and a material used for the substrate or the reinforcing block have at least different linear expansion coefficients of a direction parallel to the joining surface, and an area of the joining surface is set to be smaller than a maximum value of a total of areas of cross sections of the substrate and the reinforcing block parallel to the joining surface. 1. An optical waveguide device comprising:a substrate on which an optical waveguide is formed; and a reinforcing block disposed on the substrate, along an end surface of the substrate on which an input portion or an output portion of the optical waveguide is disposed, whereinan optical component that is joined to both the end surface of the substrate and an end surface of the reinforcing block is provided,a material used for a joining surface of the optical component and a material used for the substrate or the reinforcing block have at least different linear expansion coefficients of a direction parallel to the joining surface, andan area of the joining surface is set to be smaller than a maximum value of a total of areas of cross sections of the substrate and the reinforcing block parallel to the joining surface.2. The optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein a notch is formed in the end surface of either the substrate or the reinforcing block claim 1 , to reduce the area of the joining surface.3. The optical waveguide device according to claim 2 , wherein a position where the notch is formed is set such that a maximum width or a maximum ...

Electronic component mounting package and electronic device

An electronic component mounting package includes a body portion which accommodates an electronic component; a flexible substrate. The body portion comprises a notched portion which is open to a lower surface and a side surface thereof, and is provided with a projecting ridge portion which extends along a side end portion of the notched portion on a side surface side of the notched body portion. The flexible substrate extends from an interior of the notched portion to an exterior of the notched portion, and comprises a fixed end portion joined to a terminal of a coaxial connector disposed on a bottom surface of the notched portion, and a free end portion extending to the exterior of the notched portion. The flexible substrate abuts on the projecting ridge portion to be bent.

An Electronic Window and the Control Method of the Same

An electronic window is disclosed. The electronic window comprises: base substrate, first polarizing device, and second polarizing device disposed on the same side or on different sides of the base substrate; in an OFF state, first polarizing device configured to convert an incident light into a first polarized light and emitting the first polarized light, a polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to a polarization direction of the second polarizing device, and the second polarizing device is configured to prevent the first polarized light from emitting; and in an ON state, first polarizing device configured to transmit the incident light, the second polarizing device configured to transmit the incident light or to convert the incident light into a third polarized light and emit the third polarized light, a polarization direction of the third polarized light is the same as a polarization direction of the second polarizing device.

OPTICAL MODULATOR

An optical modulator includes a substrate having an electro-optic effect, an optical waveguide that is formed in the substrate, and a modulation electrode (not illustrated) for modulating a light wave that propagates through the optical waveguide. In the optical modulator, a light-receiving element is disposed on the substrate, and the light-receiving element includes a light-receiving section that receives a light wave that propagates through the optical waveguide, and the light-receiving section is located on the downstream side of a center of the light-receiving element in a light wave propagating direction. 1. An optical modulator , comprising:a substrate having an electro-optic effect;an optical waveguide that is formed in the substrate;a modulation electrode for modulating a light wave that propagates through the optical waveguide; anda light-receiving element that is disposed on the substrate,wherein the light-receiving element includes a light-receiving section that receives a light wave that propagates through the optical waveguide, and a center of the light-receiving section is located on the downstream side with respect to a center of the light-receiving element in a light wave propagating direction.2. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein a width of waveguide of the optical waveguide broadens at the light-receiving section.3. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein a length of the light-receiving element in the light wave propagating direction is 50 μm to 800 μm.41. The optical modulator according to claim claim 1 ,wherein a height of the light-receiving element is 50 μm to 500 μm.5. The optical modulator according to claim 1 ,wherein a buffer layer is formed on a surface of the substrate, andthe buffer layer is excluded in a region in which the light wave propagating through the optical waveguide is guided toward the light-receiving section, or the buffer layer in the region is made to be thinner in comparison to the buffer ...

OPTICAL MODULATOR

In an optical modulator, a light-receiving element, and an output port are disposed in a substrate. In addition, at least a part of an electrical line, which electrically connects the light-receiving element and the output port to each other, is formed in the substrate. In addition, a plurality of the optical modulation sections are provided. In addition, among a plurality of the light-receiving elements which are provided to the optical modulation sections, at least one light-receiving element is disposed at a position different from positions of the other light-receiving elements in a light wave propagating direction. A plurality of the output ports are disposed in an arrangement in the light wave propagating direction in correspondence with an arrangement of the plurality of the light-receiving elements in the light wave propagating direction. 1. An optical modulator , comprising:a substrate in which an optical waveguide is formed; andan optical modulation section that modulates a light wave that propagates through the optical waveguide,wherein a light-receiving element that receives the light wave propagating through the optical waveguide, and an output port that outputs a light-receiving signal output from the light-receiving element to an outer side of the substrate are disposed in the substrate,at least a part of an electrical line, which electrically connects the light-receiving element and the output port to each other, is formed in the substrate,a plurality of the optical modulation sections are provided,the light-receiving element, the output port, and the electrical line are provided to each of at least the optical modulation sections,among a plurality of the light-receiving elements which are provided to the optical modulation sections, at least one light-receiving element is disposed at a position different from positions of the other light-receiving elements in a light wave propagating direction, anda plurality of the output ports are disposed in an ...

Optical modulator

An optical modulator includes a first optical modulation section and a second optical modulation section which use modulation signals different from each other when applying a modulation signal to the modulation electrode and performing optical modulation. In addition, a light-receiving element is disposed on a substrate, and the light-receiving element has a first light-receiving section that detects optical signal propagating from a first waveguide which guides the optical signal output from the first optical modulation section. In addition, the light-receiving element also has a second light-receiving section that detects an optical signal propagating through a second waveguide which guides the optical signal output from the second optical modulation section.

ELECTRONIC COMPONENT MOUNTING PACKAGE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An electronic component mounting package includes a body portion which accommodates an electronic component; a flexible substrate. The body portion comprises a notched portion which is open to a lower surface and a side surface thereof, and is provided with a projecting ridge portion which extends along a side end portion of the notched portion on a side surface side of the notched body portion. The flexible substrate extends from an interior of the notched portion to an exterior of the notched portion, and comprises a fixed end portion joined to a terminal of a coaxial connector disposed on a bottom surface of the notched portion, and a free end portion extending to the exterior of the notched portion. The flexible substrate abuts on the projecting ridge portion to be bent. 1. An electronic component mounting package , comprising: a body portion comprising an upper surface disposed with an concave portion, a lower surface disposed with a notched portion, and a through hole extending from a bottom surface of the concave portion to a bottom surface of the notched portion, and', 'a projecting ridge portion located on the bottom surface of the notched portion;, 'a housing including'}a terminal comprising an upper end projecting through the through hole into an interior of the concave portion and a lower end projecting into an interior of the notched portion; anda flexible substrate extending from the interior of the notched portion to an exterior of the notched portion, the flexible substrate being joined to the terminal, the flexible substrate abutting on the projecting ridge portion to be bent.2. The electronic component mounting package according to claim 1 , wherein the through hole comprises an opening area on a bottom surface side of the notched portion larger than an opening area on a bottom surface side of the concave portion claim 1 ,the electronic component mounting package comprising a retaining member comprising a hole through which the terminal is inserted ...

Optical communication module and optical modulator used therein

An optical communication module includes: an optical modulator that includes an optical modulation element housed in a rectangular parallelepiped container; a driver circuit that inputs a high-frequency signal to the optical modulation element; and a housing that houses the optical modulator and the driver circuit. An electrical interface is provided on one lateral surface of the housing, and an optical interface is provided on another lateral surface, which is opposite to the lateral surface, of the housing. In the optical modulator, an end of a wiring substrate, which is configured to introduce the high-frequency signal to the optical modulation element, is led out from one short-side side of the rectangular parallelepiped container, and the driver circuit is disposed between the short-side side of the optical modulator and the electrical interface.

EXCITING A CRYSTAL OF A POCKELS CELL

A Pockels cell utilizes high-voltage pulses for a polarization adjustment of electromagnetic radiation passing through the crystal, in particular laser radiation. The polarization adjustment involves applying a sequence of useful voltage pulses (N) to the crystal, each having a useful period duration (TP, N) and a useful pulse width (TN), and induces birefringence of the crystal via electric polarization in the crystal for polarization adjustment of the electromagnetic radiation. A sequence of compensation pulses (K, K1, K2) are applied to the crystal, each having a voltage curve, wherein the sequence is temporally overlaid by the sequence of useful voltage pulses (N) so that the voltage curves of the compensation pulses (K, K1, K2) counteract the inducing of a mechanical vibration in the crystal of the Pockels cell by the useful voltage pulses (N). 1. A method for exciting a crystal of a Pockels cell with high-voltage pulses for polarization setting of laser radiation passing through the crystal , comprising:{'sub': P', 'N, 'applying a sequence of use voltage pulses (N) to the crystal which each have a use period duration (T, N) and a use pulse width (T) and are configured to induce birefringence of the crystal via an electrical polarization in the crystal for the polarization setting of the laser radiation, and'}applying a sequence of compensation pulses (K, K1, K2), which each have a voltage profile, to the crystal, the sequence of compensation pulses (K, K1, K2) being overlaid in time with the sequence of use voltage pulses (N) such that the voltage profiles of the compensation pulses (K, K1, K2) counteract an excitation of a mechanical oscillation in the crystal of the Pockels cell by the use voltage pulses (N).2. The method of claim 1 , whereinswitching edges of the voltage profiles of the compensation pulses (K, K1, K2) are configured as mechanically acting portions of the voltage profiles of the compensation pulses (K, K1, K2) such that their temporal ...

Reflective spatial light modulator, optical observation device, and light irradiation device

A reflective spatial light modulator includes an electro-optic crystal having an input surface to which input light is input and a rear surface opposing the input surface, a light input/output unit being disposed on the input surface of the electro-optic crystal and having a first electrode through which the input light is transmitted, a light reflection unit including a substrate including a plurality of second electrodes and an adhesive layer for fixing the substrate to the rear surface and being disposed on the rear surface of the electro-optic crystal, and a drive circuit applying an electric field between the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes.

Device for reducing residual amplitude modulation

The present disclosure provides a device for reducing residual amplitude modulation. The device includes an electro-optic modulation device with three crystals connected in series. The three crystals are the first cubic crystal, an intermediate crystal, and the second cubic crystal respectively. The intermediate crystal is an electro-optic modulating crystal. The intermediate crystal is connected to the high-frequency signal source module. The specification of the intermediate crystal is X mm×Y mm×d mm. The first cubic crystal and the second cubic crystal is connected to both ends of the intermediate crystal in series along the direction of the X axis. The relative dielectric constant of the first cubic crystal and the relative dielectric constant of the second cubic crystal both are equal to the relative dielectric constant of the intermediate crystal. The specification of the first cubic crystal and the specification of the second cubic crystal both are d/2 mm×Y mm×d mm. 1. A device for reducing residual amplitude modulation , comprisinga high-frequency signal source module; andan electro-optic modulation device with three crystals connected in series, wherein the electro-optic modulation device with three crystals connected in series includes three crystals connected in series, and wherein the three crystals are a first cubic crystal, an intermediate crystal, and a second cubic crystal respectively;whereinthe intermediate crystal is an electro-optic modulating crystal;the intermediate crystal is connected to the high-frequency signal source module;the first cubic crystal is connected to a first end of the intermediate crystal and the second cubic crystal is connected to a second end of the intermediate crystal, a series connection direction of the first cubic crystal, the intermediate crystal and the second cubic crystal is perpendicular to an incident light direction, and a length of each of the first cubic crystal, the intermediate crystal and the second cubic ...

OPTICAL MODULATOR

An optical modulator includes a substrate, an optical waveguide, a control electrode applying a high frequency signal in order to modulate light waves propagating through the optical waveguide, and a relay substrate provided with a relay line to transfer the high frequency signal to the control electrode. The control electrode and the relay line together have a coplanar line structure inclusive of at least electrical connection portions of both the control electrode and the relay line. The control electrode includes an electrical connection portion and a routing portion positioned between the electrical connection portion and an active portion applying an electrical field to the optical waveguide. The routing portion has a coplanar line structure. A distance between ground electrodes sandwiching a signal electrode in the electrical connection portion of the control electrode is substantially equal to a distance between ground electrodes sandwiching a signal electrode of the routing portion. 1. An optical modulator comprising:a substrate having an electro-optical effect;an optical waveguide formed on the substrate;a control electrode formed on the substrate and applying a high frequency signal in order to modulate light waves propagating through the optical waveguide; anda relay substrate provided with a relay line in order to transfer the high frequency signal to the control electrode,wherein the control electrode and the relay line together have a coplanar line structure inclusive of at least electrical connection portions of both the control electrode and the relay line,the control electrode comprises an electrical connection portion of the control electrode, and a routing portion positioned between the electrical connection portion of the control electrode and an active portion applying an electrical field to the optical waveguide,the routing portion has a coplanar line structure, and{'b': 2', '1, 'a distance G between ground electrodes sandwiching a signal ...

LIGHT MODULATOR, OPTICAL OBSERVATION DEVICE AND OPTICAL IRRADIATION DEVICE

A light modulator includes a perovskite-type electro-optic crystal including a first surface to which the input light is input and a second surface which faces the first surface; a first electrode which is disposed on the first surface of the electro-optic crystal and through which the input light is transmitted; a second electrode which is disposed on the second surface of the electro-optic crystal and through which the input light is transmitted; and a drive circuit for applying an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode is disposed alone on the first surface. The second electrode is disposed alone on the second surface. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode partially covers the first surface or the second surface. A propagation direction of the input light and an applying direction of the electric field are parallel to each other. 1: A light modulator for modulating input light and outputting modulated light that has been subjected to modulation , the light modulator comprising:a perovskite-type electro-optic crystal having a relative permittivity of 1,000 or higher and including a first surface to which the input light is input and a second surface which faces the first surface;a first optical element including a first electrode which is disposed on the first surface of the electro-optic crystal and through which the input light is transmitted;a second optical element including a second electrode which is disposed on the second surface of the electro-optic crystal and through which the input light is transmitted; anda drive circuit configured to apply an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode,wherein the first electrode is disposed alone on the first surface,wherein the second electrode is disposed alone on the second surface,wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode partially covers the first surface or the second surface, andwherein a ...

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER BASED ON ELECTRO-OPTIC EFFECT FOR ELECTRICAL SIGNALS AND ITS APPLICATION AS SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTOR PREAMPLIFIER

An amplifier for amplification of an electrical signal comprises an electro-optic (EO) medium for receiving the electrical signal, wherein applying the electrical signal to the EO medium causes a change to an effective index of refraction, a device configured for measuring a light phase change for measuring the change to the effective index of refraction, and a photodetector configured to convert the change to the effective index of refraction into an amplified electrical current output signal. 1. An amplifier for amplification of an electrical signal comprising:an electro-optic (EO) medium for receiving the electrical signal, wherein applying the electrical signal to the EO medium causes a change to an effective index of refraction;a device configured for measuring a light phase change for measuring the change to the effective index of refraction; anda photodetector configured to convert the change to the effective index of refraction into an amplified electrical current output signal.2. The amplifier of wherein the device configured for measuring the light phase change is an interferometer comprising a monochromatic laser source directed towards the EO medium to measure the change to the effective index of refraction.3. The amplifier of wherein the EO medium comprises a Gires-Tournois etalon (GTE).4. The amplifier of wherein entangled photons are used for detection.5. The amplifier of wherein the EO medium is connected to a semiconductor x-ray/γ-ray/charged particle detector for receiving an electrical charge signal generated by the semiconductor x-ray/γ-ray/charged particle detector claim 1 , to act as a charge sensitive detector to measure energy and timing information of particles impacting the radiation detector.6. The amplifier of wherein the radiation detector is connected in series to the EO medium.7. The amplifier of wherein the radiation detector is connected in parallel to the EO medium.8. A preamplifier for amplification of an electrical signal for ...

REFLECTIVE SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR, OPTICAL OBSERVATION DEVICE, AND LIGHT IRRADIATION DEVICE

A reflective spatial light modulator includes an electro-optic crystal having an input surface to which input light is input and a rear surface opposing the input surface, a light input/output unit being disposed on the input surface of the electro-optic crystal and having a first electrode through which the input light is transmitted, a light reflection unit including a substrate including a plurality of second electrodes and being disposed on the rear surface side of the electro-optic crystal, and a drive circuit applying an electric field between the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes. The light input/output unit includes a first charge injection curbing layer formed on the input surface, and the light reflection unit includes a second charge injection curbing layer formed on the rear surface. 1. A reflective spatial light modulator modulating input light and outputting modulated modulation light , the reflective spatial light modulator comprising:a perovskite-type electro-optic crystal having an input surface to which the input light is input and a rear surface opposing the input surface, and having a relative dielectric constant of 1,000 or higher;a light input/output unit being disposed on the input surface of the electro-optic crystal and having a first electrode through which the input light is transmitted;a light reflection unit including a substrate on which a plurality of second electrodes are disposed, being disposed on the rear surface of the electro-optic crystal, and reflecting the input light toward the light input/output unit; anda drive circuit applying an electric field between the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes,wherein the light input/output unit includes a first charge injection curbing layer formed on the input surface, and the first charge injection curbing layer has a dielectric material in a cured product made of a non-conductive adhesive material such that injection of charge into the electro- ...

Fast-switching electro-optic modulators and method of making the same

An electro-optic modulator includes a doped semiconductor crystal having a crystallographic surface having an amplitude modulation orientation, a first metal electrode located on a first surface of the doped semiconductor crystal, a second metal electrode located on a second surface of the doped semiconductor crystal, and accumulation space charge regions located within surface regions of the doped semiconductor crystal that are proximal to the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode and including excess charge carriers of a same type as majority charge carriers of the doped semiconductor crystal.

Optical fiber switch

Optical fiber switches operated by electrical activation of at least one laser light modulator through which laser light is directed into at least one polarizer are used for the sequential transport of laser light from a single laser into a plurality of optical fibers. In one embodiment of the invention, laser light from a single excitation laser is sequentially transported to a plurality of optical fibers which in turn transport the laser light to separate individual remotely located laser fuel ignitors. The invention can be operated electro-optically with no need for any mechanical or moving parts, or, alternatively, can be operated electro-mechanically. The invention can be used to switch either pulsed or continuous wave laser light.

一种像素结构、显示面板、显示方法和制作方法

本发明公开了一种像素结构、显示面板、显示方法和制作方法，所述像素结构，设置在第一基板和第二基板之间，包括：发光单元；相位调制单元，包括：波导，所述发光单元发射的光入射到所述波导中；位于所述第一基板上的第一控制电极；位于所述第二基板上的与所述第一控制电极对应的第二控制电极；其中，所述波导响应于所述第一控制电极和第二控制电极加载的电压而改变折射率以对所述入射的光进行相位调制并从所述波导射出被调制的光。本发明提供的实施例通过设置在像素结构内部的相位调制单元，能够实现对该像素结构中的像素的出射光的相位进行调制，从而在显示面板内部实现全息显示，具有广泛的应用前景。

一种用于铌酸锂电光调制器偏置电压控制的监测装置

本发明公开了一种用于铌酸锂电光调制器偏置电压控制的监测装置，包括：调制器芯片、波导、光纤固定块、光电探测器和光纤；其中，通过直流偏置电极控制的探测光通过波导的第一主波导后分成两束光，第一束光通过第一分支波导，第二束光通过第二分支波导，两束光会聚后再分别进入第二主波导和至少一个分支波导，至少一个分支波导中的至少一个分支波导的光进入所述光纤固定块传输至反射面并经反射面反射后的光穿出光纤固定块后入射到光电探测器。本发明保证铌酸锂电光调制器偏置点自动偏置控制的同时，降低了整个系统的体积和复杂程度。

エタロン装置

(57)【要約】 【課題】 本発明は、装置パラメータにドリフトが発生 しても長期に亘って分散を安定化するエタロン装置用の 制御システム及び方法の提供を目的とする。 【解決手段】 光伝送システム内のエタロン装置４用の 制御システムは、装置の上流にあるレーザー１にディザ ーを加え、装置の出力を監視し、レーザー周波をエタロ ン装置応答に、又は、エタロン装置応答をレーザー周波 数に固定する制御手段３を使用する。制御手段は、電力 変動とは無関係に応答曲線上の点に固定させるため、監 視された出力の波長に関する微係数の比に基づいて動作 する。

一种像素结构、显示面板、显示方法和制作方法

本发明公开了一种像素结构、显示面板、显示方法和制作方法，所述像素结构，设置在第一基板和第二基板之间，包括：发光单元；相位调制单元，包括：波导，所述发光单元发射的光入射到所述波导中；位于所述第一基板上的第一控制电极；位于所述第二基板上的与所述第一控制电极对应的第二控制电极；其中，所述波导响应于所述第一控制电极和第二控制电极加载的电压而改变折射率以对所述入射的光进行相位调制并从所述波导射出被调制的光。本发明提供的实施例通过设置在像素结构内部的相位调制单元，能够实现对该像素结构中的像素的出射光的相位进行调制，从而在显示面板内部实现全息显示，具有广泛的应用前景。

Pockels cell driving circuit

Light controller

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

3D display method based on electrically-induced refractive index change

本发明提供一种基于电致折射率改变的3D显示方法，该方法在二维显示屏前端设置平板状的透明电光晶体阵列，所述电光晶体阵列由与二维显示屏像素点相同数量的方柱状的电光晶体组成，每个电光晶体的与显示屏平行的截面与二维显示屏像素点的大小相同，且各电光晶体与二维显示屏像素点相正对，通过一控制模块向电光晶体施加与该电光晶体相正对像素点的景深相对应的电压。本发明的3D显示方法所显示的影像可以裸眼光看，显示的三维影像的分辨率、亮度均没有改变，具有真实的物理景深。

Hybrid integrated photoelectric chip, optical modulator and fiber-optic gyroscope

本发明公开了一种混合集成光电芯片以及光调制器、光纤陀螺，所述混合集成光电芯片，包括具有线性电光效应的电光晶体基板和PLC光波导基板，所述电光晶体基板的光波导端面与PLC光波导基板的光波导端面连接；所述具有线性电光效应的电光晶体基板形成有用于光波传输和相位调制的波导和调制电极，所述调制电极的位置与用于相位调制的波导的位置相匹配；所述PLC光波导基板形成有用于光波分束与合束功能的波导。本发明提供的混合集成光电芯片以及基于此的光调制器可以有效地减少第一Y分支处产生的非对称模式光波向第二Y分支的重新耦合及其在电光晶体中的相位调制器中形成的寄生相位差，有利于提升干涉型光纤陀螺的零偏稳定性。

Ultra-short light pulse generator

Laser sintering apparatus using pulse conversion and laser repair apparatus including the same

본 발명의 다양한 실시예에 따른 펄스 변환을 이용하는 레이저 소결 장치는, 레이저 광원 및 상기 레이저 광원으로부터 생성된 연속파의 광원을 주기성이 있는 레이저 펄스로 변환하여 출력하는 펄스 변환 모듈을 포함하며, 상기 펄스 변환 모듈은, 상기 레이저 광원으로부터 출력된 레이저 빔이 전도성 잉크가 패터닝된 기판에 조사되어 상기 전도성 잉크가 소결되도록 제어할 수 있으며, 그 외 다양한 실시 예가 가능할 수 있다. A laser sintering apparatus using pulse conversion according to various embodiments of the present invention includes a pulse conversion module for converting a laser light source and a light source of a continuous wave generated from the laser light source into a laser pulse having periodicity and outputting the pulse conversion, The module may control the laser beam output from the laser light source to be irradiated to the substrate on which the conductive ink is patterned to sinter the conductive ink, and various other embodiments may be possible.

Pockels' cell driving circuit

Apparatus for modifying CO2 slab laser pulses

The quality of pulses output from laser systems such as super-pulsed CO 2 slab lasers can be improved using half-wavelength electro-optic modulators (EOMs), in combination with thin film polarizers (TFPs). A voltage applied across a CdTe crystal of the EOM rotates the polarization of a pulse passing through the EOM by 90°. The polarization determines whether the pulse passes through, or is redirected by, the TFP. The voltage applied to the crystal can be pulsed to prevent a drop in charge, which could allow radiation to leak to the application. A totem pole switch used to apply voltage to the EOM can receive a pulsed voltage for improved performance. Directing by the EOM allows pulses to be clipped at the front/back end(s), split into portions, and/or directed to separate scanners. Directing pulses or pulse portions to different scanners can increase the output of systems such as hole drilling systems.

Pockels cell drive circuit for rapid variation of the pulse amplitude of short or ultrashort laser pulses

Die Pockelszellen-Ansteuerschaltung weist eine Schalteinheit (11; 21) auf, durch die eine elektrische Spannung an eine Pockelszelle (12; 22) angelegt werden kann. Außer dieser an sich bekannten Schalteinheit (11; 21) enthält die Pockelszellen-Ansteuerschaltung erfindungsgemäß eine Verzögerungseinheit (13; 23), durch die der Zeitpunkt des An- und/oder Abschaltens der elektrischen Spannung mittels eines Analogsignals steuerbar ist. Dadurch kann der an der Pockelszelle (12; 22) anliegende Spannungspuls und damit der pulsförmige Verlauf des Transmissions-Vermögens der Pockelszelle (12; 22) und eines nachgeschalteten Analysators (4) zeitlich variabel verschoben werden, um einzelpulsgenau die Pulsamplitude des selektierten Laserpulses zu steuern. Die Schalteinheit (11; 21) kann im einfachsten Fall eine einfache Push-Pull-Schaltung oder in einer etwas aufwändigeren Ausführungsform eine doppelte Push-Pull-Schaltung aufweisen. The Pockels cell drive circuit has a switching unit (11; 21) by which an electric voltage can be applied to a Pockels cell (12; 22). In addition to this switching unit (11, 21), which is known per se, the Pockels cell drive circuit according to the invention comprises a delay unit (13, 23), by means of which the instant of switching on and / or off of the electrical voltage can be controlled by means of an analog signal. As a result, the voltage pulse applied to the Pockels cell (12, 22) and thus the pulse-shaped course of the transmission capability of the Pockels cell (12, 22) and of a downstream analyzer (4) can be shifted in a time-variable manner in order to control the pulse amplitude of the selected laser pulse with single-pulse precision , In the simplest case, the switching unit (11, 21) may have a simple push-pull circuit or, in a somewhat more elaborate embodiment, a double push-pull circuit.

Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

Method for operating a laser system

Laser with combined q-switch and synchronized cavity dump circuit

A laser employing a single modulator in the form of a Pockels cell in the laser cavity and a polarizer. The polarizer in the cavity passes radiation having one polarization direction coming from one direction and diverts radiation having another polarization direction into an absorber. The polarizer passes radiation having one polarization direction coming from an opposite direction and diverts radiation having the other polarization direction into an output path. The modulator in the cavity rotates the polarization direction of radiation to establish the other polarization direction when energized and permits passage of radiation when it is deenergized. A high voltage electrical waveform generator circuit is provided which generates a voltage waveform having a positive DC voltage leading edge and a negative DC voltage trailing edge to the modulator. A gas trigger tube is provided in the circuit which generates a positive DC voltage leading edge in its plate circuit when it is independently triggered by a trigger signal. Another gas trigger tube generates a positive voltage when it is triggered by another trigger signal from a photodiode positioned to intercept radiation leaking from laser cavity. A coupling circuit which couples the plate circuits of the trigger tubes includes a capacitor which converts the positive voltage generated by the other trigger tube into the negative DC voltage trailing edge of the voltage waveform. The coupling circuit may also include a differentiator which allows the voltage levels on the trigger tube plates to be independently varied without affecting each other.

Laser with combined q-switch and synchronized cavity dump circuit

A high voltage electrical waveform generator circuit is provided which generates a voltage waveform having a positive d.c. voltage leading edge and a negative d.c. voltage trailing edge to the modulator. A gas trigger tube is provided in the circuit which generates a positive d.c. voltage leading edge in its plate circuit when it is independently triggered by a trigger signal. Another gas trigger tube generates a positive voltage when it is triggered by another trigger signal. A coupling circuit which couples the plate circuits of the trigger tubes includes capacitor which converts the positive voltage generated by the other trigger tube into the negative d.c. voltage trailing therefor edge of the voltage waveform. The coupling circuit may also include differentiator which allows the voltage levels on the trigger tube plates to be independently varied without affecting each other.

Apparatus for modifying CO2 slab laser pulses

The quality of pulses output from laser systems such as super-pulsed CO 2 slab lasers can be improved using half-wavelength electro-optic modulators (EOMs), in combination with thin film polarizers (TFPs). A voltage applied across a CdTe crystal of the EOM rotates the polarization of a pulse passing through the EOM by 90°. The polarization determines whether the pulse passes through, or is redirected by, the TFP. The voltage applied to the crystal can be pulsed to prevent a drop in charge, which could allow radiation to leak to the application. A totem pole switch used to apply voltage to the EOM can receive a pulsed voltage for improved performance. Directing by the EOM allows pulses to be clipped at the front/back end(s), split into portions, and/or directed to separate scanners. Directing pulses or pulse portions to different scanners can increase the output of systems such as hole drilling systems.

Plasma-based light source with target material coated on cylindrical-symmetrical element

본 개시는 원통형-대칭 요소(예를 들어, 드럼)의 외부 표면 상에 코팅된 제논과 같은 타겟 물질을 갖는 레이저 생성 플라즈마 광원에 관한 것이다. 실시 예는 드럼에 대한 조사 손상을 감소시키도록 최적화될 수 있는 사전-펄싱 구성 및 드럼에 대한 조사 손상을 감소시키는 데 사용될 수 있는 펄스 트리밍 유닛을 포함한다. 또한, 원통형-대칭 요소의 표면이 1mm보다 큰 그루브 깊이를 가진 복수의 그루브로 형성되고 집속 유닛이 레이저 빔을 집속하고 타겟 물질로부터 플라즈마를 생성하기 위한 조사 위치를 설정하며, 조사 위치는 그루브 표면 부분으로부터 이격되어 표면 부분을 조사 손상으로부터 보호하는 실시 예가 개시되어 있다. The present disclosure relates to a laser generated plasma light source having a target material, such as xenon, coated on the outer surface of a cylindrical-symmetrical element (eg, a drum). Embodiments include a pre-pulsing configuration that can be optimized to reduce radiation damage to the drum and a pulse trimming unit that can be used to reduce radiation damage to the drum. Further, the surface of the cylindrical-symmetrical element is formed of a plurality of grooves having a groove depth greater than 1 mm, and the focusing unit sets an irradiation position for focusing the laser beam and generating plasma from the target material, and the irradiation position is the groove surface portion An embodiment that is spaced apart from and protects the surface portion from irradiation damage is disclosed.

Laser and radar device

Lithium niobate-silicon wafer-based photoelectric monolithic integration system

一种基于铌酸锂‑硅晶圆的光电单片集成系统包含集成光路模块、光电转换模块与集成电路模块通过半导体CMOS工艺集成在同一衬底上，避免了模块间的封装。实现真正的单片集成，分别进行光信号的传输与处理、光信号转换为电信号、电信号的传输与处理。本发明发挥了铌酸锂材料优异的电光性能与硅基材料的优势，从而使得光电系统具备更优异的性能。

Metamaterial modulator

本发明公开了一种超材料调制器，包括自上而下排列的表层、石墨烯层、柔性介质层和硅长方条结构衬底层。本发明在硅衬底上刻蚀硅长方条结构形成全介质超材料，利用硅长方条结构与太赫兹波相互作用产生共振，通过激光入射或施加电压的激励方式引起石墨烯层的电导率发生改变，从而实现对太赫兹波的光/电调控。利用全介质材料低损耗的特点，可以实现较高的调制深度。

Optical modulation circuit and optical transmission system

An optical modulator and an optical transmission system convert continuous light of a multiple wavelength light source, which generates the continuous light with a fixed and complete phase but different frequencies, to a modulator driving signal so as to generate a light subcarrier with each frequency at the center and modulate the continuous light to the light subcarrier by using the modulator driving signal. In the case where an optical modulation is carried out by an optical IQ-modulator, transmitting data, for example, is converted to two parallel data A(t) and B(t), an I phase signal, in which the data A(t)+B(t) are modulated with a clock signal with a frequency ω, and a Q phase signal, in which the data A(t)−B(t) are modulated with a clock signal with a π/2 phase shifted, are generated, and the I phase signal and the Q phase signal are applied to electrodes of the optical IQ-modulator, respectively.

Exposure control device in a camera using an electro-optic light control element

An exposure control device in a camera comprises light intercepting means disposed between a picture-taking lens and a film and in the light path of the picture taking lens and retractable out of the light path by operation of a shutter release member, electro-optic light control means disposed in the light path of the picture-taking lens and having its transmittivity to light variable by an electrical signal, and control means operable in response to the retracting movement of the light intercepting means out of the light path to apply a first signal to the light control means for increasing its transmittivity, apply a second signal to the light intercepting means for returning the same to the light path in order to terminate the exposure of the film to light, and apply a third signal to the light control means for decreasing it transmittivity to a minimum.

Soliton pulse generation device

DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE EXPOSURE OF A PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA

OPTICAL MODULATION COMPONENT, POLARIMETER AND ELLIPSOMETER FROM MUELLER INCLUDING SUCH AN OPTICAL COMPONENT, METHOD FOR CALIBRATION OF THIS ELLIPSOMETER AND METHOD FOR ELLIPSOMETRIC MEASUREMENT

Optical modulator mechanism

Using the phase splitter (16) which has in phase and 180 degree phase shift combinations allows a single light source (15) to be modulated to produce two different carrier frequencies and combine the two carrier waves at the output.

OPTICAL MODULATION COMPONENT, POLARIMETER AND ELLIPSOMETER FROM MUELLER INCLUDING SUCH AN OPTICAL COMPONENT, METHOD FOR CALIBRATION OF THIS ELLIPSOMETER AND METHOD FOR ELLIPSOMETRIC MEASUREMENT

The invention concerns an optical component of polarizing modulation, a polarimeter and a Mueller ellipsometer comprising this optical component. The optical component modulates an incident light beam (10) linearly polarized and sends back a modulated beam (11). It comprises a coupled phase modulator (6B) modulating twice successively the incident beam, the two modulations being at the same frequency omega /2 pi and being coupled by a system (61) modifying the state of polarization of the light between the two modulations. The ellipsometer comprises means for sensing a measuring beam sent back by a sample, which receives the modulated beam, and a processing unit. The sensing means include a polarimeter generating n measured quantities representing the states of polarization of the beam and the processing unit generates by Fourier transform m values for each of these quantities, with n x m >/= 16 and m >/= 4, for simultaneously acceding to the sixteen coefficients of the Mueller matrix of the sample.

Differential encoding for fringe field responsive electro-optic line printers

ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION The input data samples for a fringe field responsive electro-optic line printer are differentially encoded, thereby reducing the number of electrodes such a printer requires to achieve a given resolution by a factor of just less than two. The sample-to-sample voltage drops of the differentially encoded data correspond to the magnitudes of the input samples and, therefore, the fringe fields produced when the encoded samples are applied to the electrodes of such a line printer cause the incident light beam to be spatially modulated in accordance with the input samples.

ELECTRO-OPTICAL ELEMENT FOR LIGHT MODULATION

L'ELEMENT ELECTRO-OPTIQUE DE MODULATION DE LUMIERE 1 CONFORME A L'INVENTION COMPORTE UN CRISTAL EN FORME DE PLAQUE 2 EN PHOSPHATE DE POTASSIUM HYDROGENE OU DEUTERIE DONT LES FACES SITUEES EN REGARD PORTENT DES ENSEMBLES IDENTIQUES DE COUCHES TRANSPARENTES. VU DE L'INTERIEUR VERS L'EXTERIEUR, UN TEL ENSEMBLE EST FORME PAR UNE COUCHE INTERMEDIAIRE COMPORTANT UNE COUCHE EN OXYDE D'ALUMINIUM 4, 4 ET UNE COUCHE EN BIOXYDE DE SILICIUM, 5, 5 UNE PREMIERE ELECTRODE 6, 6 FORTEMENT OHMIQUE QUI, A TRAVERS UNE COUCHE DE CIMENT TRANSPARENTE9, EST RACCORDEE A UNE DEUXIEME ELECTRODE8, 8 PEU OHMIQUE, AINSI QU'UNE FEUILLE EN VERRE 7, 7 PORTANT CETTE DEUXIEME ELECTRODE. UN TEL ELEMENT DE MODULATION DE LUMIERE DONT LES PROPRIETES OPTIQUES SONT DETERMINEES PAR L'EFFET POCKELS LONGITUDINAL, EST UTILISABLE AVANTAGEUSEMENT DANS LES DISPOSITIFS DE DEVIATION DE LUMIERE TRAVAILLANT EN COMMUTATION A FREQUENCE ELEVEE. APPLICATION: TELECOMMUNICATION. THE ELECTRO-OPTICAL LIGHT MODULATION ELEMENT 1 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INVENTION INCLUDES A PLATE-SHAPED CRYSTAL 2 IN HYDROGENATED POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE OR OF WHICH THE FACES LOCATED IN VIEW HAVE IDENTICAL ASSEMBLIES OF TRANSPARENT LAYERS. SEEN FROM THE INSIDE TOWARDS THE OUTSIDE, SUCH A WHOLE IS FORMED BY AN INTERMEDIATE LAYER WITH A LAYER OF ALUMINUM OXIDE 4, 4 AND A LAYER OF SILICON BIOXIDE, 5, 5 A FIRST ELECTRODE 6, 6 STRONGLY OHMIC WHICH , THROUGH A TRANSPARENT CEMENT LAYER9, IS CONNECTED TO A SECOND ELECTRODE8, 8 LITTLE OHMIC, AS WELL AS A GLASS SHEET 7, 7 BEARING THIS SECOND ELECTRODE. SUCH A LIGHT MODULATION ELEMENT, THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WHICH ARE DETERMINED BY THE LONGITUDINAL POCKELS EFFECT, CAN BE USED WITH ADVANTAGE IN LIGHT DEVIATION DEVICES WORKING IN HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING. APPLICATION: TELECOMMUNICATION.

Laser pulse chopping system - conical end of coaxial line and discharge gap have equal impedances

The system employs a coaxial line (1) having an inner conductor (2) and at least one outer conductor (3) connected across a voltage supply (4) at one end, the conductors (2, 3) having at least one part which is rectilinear. A discharge means (6) is inserted in the inner conductor to generate an electrical pulse in the line (1) with means for releasing the discharge means (6), and an electro-optical shutter (11) is connected between the inner and outer conductors (2, 3) at the other end of the line (1) for transmitting the laser pulse under control of the electrical pulse. The inner conductor (2) at this end of the line (1) defines a cone (7) surrounded by a truncated cone (8) defined by the outer conductor (3).

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RESTITUTING A MODULE FREQUENCY SIGNAL STORED ON AN INFORMATION STORAGE ELEMENT

L'invention concerne les appareils d'écriture et de lecture d'informations vidéo. Elle se rapporte à un appareil destiné à faire tourner un disque 18 sur lequel un objectif 14 permet l'écriture d'informations par un faisceau laser d'une source 30, le faisceau passant dans une cellule 32 de Pockels et dans un prisme 38 de Glan, la cellule 32 étant modulée par l'information vidéo à reproduire sur le disque 18. Application de disques vidéo. The invention relates to devices for writing and reading video information. It relates to an apparatus intended to rotate a disc 18 on which an objective 14 allows the writing of information by a laser beam from a source 30, the beam passing through a Pockels cell 32 and into a prism 38 of Glan, the cell 32 being modulated by the video information to be reproduced on the disc 18. Application of video discs.

Athermalized birefringent filter apparatus and method

An athermalized birefringent filter (102) for shifts in center wavelength and in bandwidth incorporates fixed retarder elements such as quartz or film retarders, along with electrically-variable retarder elements such as liquid crystal variable retarder cells. A control mechanism determines the amount of thermal drift in the fixed retarder element and produces an equal change in the variable retarder element. The sign of the change depends on whether the variable retarder element adds its retardance with that of the fixed retarder element, or opposes it. This change compensates for the thermal drift of the fixed retarder element. Further, the variable retarder element is constructed to provide the necessary range of retardance adjustment for spectral tuning and thermal compensation over a target thermal range. The control mechanism ensures that, for any specified wavelength, the birefringent filter operates in the same order over the full target thermal range. Multispectral imaging systems (100) are provided based on these filters which provide athermalized response.

Apparatus for selectively charging a capacitive load

1,089,408. Modulating light; pulse circuits. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Oct. 14, 1965 [Feb. 24, 1965], No. 43567/65. Headings H3P and H4F A circuit for charging and discharging a capacitive load, e.g. an electro-optic crystal 8, comprises a tank capacitor 12 connected through an inductance 10 to the unearthed crystal plate 9 so as to form an oscillating circuit. Diodes D1 and D2 which block the flow of current towards the inductance but permit current to flow in the opposite direction are connected at the ends of the inductance and are by-passed by switches S1 and S2 which are closed intermittently by pulses derived from the data pulses, as shown, so as to transfer electrostatic energy from the tank capacitor to the crystal plate and then to return electrostatic energy from the crystal plate to the tank capacitor. After each return of energy to the tank capacitor i.e. after switch S2 is opened, a voltage pulse is applied to the tank capacitor through diode D4 to compensate for any losses, e.g. resistance losses, occurring during the operation of the circuit, and at the same time to ensure that the crystal is completely discharged the voltage on conductor 14, which is connected through diode D3 to the crystal plate and is normally subjected to a voltage equal to the initial voltage to which the tank capacitor is originally charged, is reduced to zero. The voltages on conductors 14 and 16 are derived from clock pulses which arc differentiated 20, delayed 22 and applied to a monostable circuit 24. In order that a half wave voltage may exist on the crystal by the discharging of the tank capacitor it is necessary that the initial voltage be greater than the half wave voltage by an amount equal to the voltage remaining on the tank capacitor after discharging. When the half wave voltage is applied across crystal 8 the plane of polarization of the plane polarized light from source 4 is changed by 90 degrees and thus the light is deflected in birefringent ...

Display method and device using photonic crystal characteristics

광결정성을 이용하는 표시 방법 및 장치가 개시된다. 본 발명에 따른 광결정성을 이용한 표시 방법은, 동일한 부호의 전하를 갖는 복수의 입자가 전기 분극(polarization) 특성을 갖는 용매 내에 분산된 상태에서 전기장을 인가하여 상기 입자 사이의 간격을 제어하는 것을 특징으로 한다. Disclosed are a display method and an apparatus using photonic crystallinity. The display method using the photonic crystallinity according to the present invention is characterized in that the distance between the particles is controlled by applying an electric field in a state in which a plurality of particles having the same charge are dispersed in a solvent having an electrical polarization characteristic. It is done.

Optical modulator

An optical device is disclosed for the external modulation of the output 4 of an optical radiation source. The device includes a first optical modulator 2 driven by an NRZ coded electrical data signal 3 so as to modulate the output 4 of an optical radiation source. The device also includes a second optical modulator 6 coupled to the first optical modulator 1 and driven by one or more drive signal sources 7, 8 from electrical circuit 9. The circuit 9 drives modulator 6 so as to provide an optical AND function to convert the NRZ coded optical signal output the first optical modulator 1 into an RZ coded optical signal and to simultaneously introduce a degree of phase modulation (e.g. pre-chirp) in the RZ signals modulated thereby.