ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHISCHES AUFZEICHNUNGSMATERIAL

Photo-conductive copy-sheets

1,017,114. Electrophotographic processes. MINNESOTA MINING & MANUFACTURING CO. Ltd. June 8, 1962 [June 9, 1961], No. 22383/62. Heading G2H. [Also in Division H1] The photo-conductive layer of an aluminium foil supported electroconductographic material contains zinc oxide dispersed in a mixture of polystyrene and a copolymer of styrene and a conjugated diene. Electrolytic development may be achieved by connecting the plate as the cathode and by passing over it an anodic sponge wetted with dilute aqueous solution of a 1: 3 mol ratio silver-thiourea complex. In a further method of electrolytic development the plate is again connected as a cathode and immersed in a developer bath. The developer consists of a mixture of 1: 3 mol ratio silver nitrate-ethylene thiourea complex in dilute aqueous solution, 0. 65 weight per cent silver nitrate, 0. 75 weight per cent acetic acid and 5 weight per cent magnesium acetate.

ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

Plaque photoconductrice et procédé de préparation de cette plaque.

Elément enregistreur électrophotographique et son procédé de fabrication

Verfahren zur Herstellung lithographischer Druckformen und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Druckformen

Photoleitfähiges Kopierblatt

Reusable electrophotographic elements with a

... xerographic plates contain 1 part by wt. of a phthalocyanine and 1-20 parts of a binder. The plates are highly photoconductive and can sustain high electrical fields. The phthalocyanine may contain a metal or may be metal-free in the alpha,beta, gamma and/or X form. The layer may be coated on a support or self-supporting and overcoated with bichromated shellac. Suitable resin binders are polystyrene, silicones, and acrylic ester, methacrylate ester, vinyl, epoxy and acrylonitrile (co)polymers.

Plaque électrophotographique

Flächenförmiges Material für elektrostatisches Drucken

Electrostatic recording carrier - for writing or printing

Carrier for an electrostatic recording comprising a resin film recording layer in which inorg. pigments and/or metal soaps are dispersed, >=1 component of the film being a fatty acid modified epoxy ester resin, a cellulose ester, a cellulose ether and/or a chlorinated rubber.

PHOTOSENSITIVE BODY FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

L'invention concerne les organes photosensibles destinés à la formation d'images par des opérations électrophotographiques. Elle se rapporte à un organe photosensible comprenant une couche photoconductrice contenant une matière photoconductrice et un liant. Selon l'invention, le liant est un caoutchouc vulcanisable. Une couche isolante peut être placée sur la couche photoconductrice. Le liant est avantageusement un caoutchouc cyclisé. Application aux copieurs électrophotographiques.

SHEET MATERIAL

Electrophotographic photosensitive member with cured cyclized rubber binder

In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer composed of a photoconductive material and a binder, improvement wherein said binder is a curable rubber.

Metal-free phthalocyanine

The invention comprises the X-form of metal-free phthalocyanine having an X-ray diffraction pattern exhibiting strong lines at Bragg angles of 7.5, 9.1, 16.7, 17.3 and 22.3 and an infra-red spectrum having a strong band at 746 cm.-1, three peaks between 700 and 750 cm.-1 and bands of about equal intensity at 1318 and 1330 cm.-1 The X-form is prepared by removing impurities from a , b or g metal-free phthalocyanine and milling until the required form is obtained.

Procedure for the production of a new polymorphen form of a metal-free Phthalocyanins

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method of preparing the photoreceptor, and image forming method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge therefor using the photoreceptor

An electrophotographic photoreceptor formed of an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains units obtained from a tri- or more functional radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure and the photosensitive layer has a layer film density of from 1.0 to 1.4 g/cm<3>.

ELECTROGRAPHIC SUBSTRATES THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE

electrophotographic recording element and its manufactoring process

Metallfreies Phthalocyanin in der X-Form

ELECTROGRAPHIC SUBSTRATES THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE

... 1482015 Electrographic substrates DOW CHEMICAL CO 11 Nov 1974 [14 Nov 1973] 48644/74 Heading C3P A process for preparing an electrographic substrate comprises coating a substrate (e.g. a paper sheet) with a latex comprising: (A) a copolymer of (a) a styrene compound, (b) either (i) a conjugated diene hydrocarbon or (ii) an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (the alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms), and (c) 0À5-8% by weight of methacrylic acid or maleic acid; and (B) 0-2 parts by weight of pigment per part of the copolymer, and drying the coating to form a continuous film. The diene may contain 4-10 carbon atoms. The pigment may be, e.g. clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, talc, zinc oxide or barium sulphate. The latex preferably has a solids content of 40-55% by weight, the particles preferably being of size 1300-2500 Š.

Electrophotographic plate and method of producing same

A composition useful in the production of electrophotographic plates consisting of a conducting support and a photoconducting insulating material (see Group XX), comprises a solution in a volatile organic solvent of a binder consisting of polystyrene, a silicone resin, an acrylic resin, or a vinyl-chloride-acetate resin; and one or both of the amorphous or a -monoclinic forms of selenium dispersed uniformly throughout the binder which has a resistivity higher than that of the selenium and the conducting support of the electrophotographic plate. The composition, which is preferably applied to a polished metal, or a metal-coated glass base plate by spraying, may be a ball-milled mixture, held below 50 DEG C. and thinned with toluene for spraying, of amorphous (ball-milled vitreous) selenium with (1) a mixture in iso-butylketone of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and a similar copolymer, modified by a small amount of an interpolymerized dibasic acid; or (2) a silicone resin in toluene ...

Electrophotographic plate

PHOTOCONDUCTIVE AND TOUGH POLYMER POLYBLENDS

PHOTOSENSITIVE BODY FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

Двухслойный материал

Photoconductive recording elements

... 1,088,190. Photoconductive layer. MEAD CORPORATION. Dec. 21, 1964, No. 51800/64. Heading H1K. A photoconductive layer comprises a photoconductive pigment and an electrically insulating binder comprising a water or alkali insoluble copolymer or terpolymer of styrene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, acrylic esters, acrylonitrile or a polyester with an unsaturated carboxylic acid. The unsaturated carboxylic acid may be acrylic, maleic, crotonic, aconitic, itaconic, or citraconic. The photoconductive pigment may be an oxide, iodide, sulphide or telluride of Zn, Cd, Sb, Hg, Bi, Ti, Tl, Pb, A1, Ag or As. A support for such a layer may be metal, glass, textile or plastics material, whilst multiple layers may be applied to the support on one or both sides of the support. In a specific example a binder composition comprising styreneacrylic acid copolymer latex, ammonia and water is mixed with a pigment dispersion comprising ZnO, dewaxed shellac, ammonia and water to give a coating composition, which was ...

PHOTORECEPTOR DEVICE HAVING A SELF-ASSEMBLED PATTERNED BINDER LAYER

A photoreceptor device having at least one layer that is a self-assembled patterned binder layer, which may include at least one functional material.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE PHOTORECEPTOR, AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS AND PROCESS CARTRIDGE THEREFOR USING THE PHOTORECEPTOR

An electrophotographic photoreceptor formed of an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains units obtained from a tri- or more functional radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure and the photosensitive layer has a layer film density of from 1.0 to 1.4 g/cm 3 .

Organisches photoleitfaehiges Material

Photographisches Material

Processes of producing lithographic electrostatic printing plates and such printing plates

ORGANIC PHOTOCONDUCTIVE MATERIALS

... 1389851 Polymer-blends XEROX CORP 25 Jan 1972 [25 Jan 1971] 3399/72 Headings C3P and C3G [Also in Division G2] An organic photoconductive composition comprises a photoconductive organic polymer and an elastomer, the elastomer being present as a dispersion of discrete particles in a continuous photoconductive polymer phase. The photoconductive polymer may be polyvinyl carbazole, derivatives thereof, polyvinyl dibenzofuran, polyvinyl naphthalene, polyvinyl anthracene, polyvinyl pyrene, poly-N-substituted acrylamides or copolymers of the corresponding monomers. The elastomer may be polybutadiene, polychloroprene, polyisoprene, polyisobutene or copolymers of the corresponding monomers with vinyl monomers. The weight ratio of photoconductive polymer to elastomer should be above 1 : 1, preferably from 2 : 1 to 4 : 1. To make the composition, elastomer particles maybe blended with the polymer using heat and shearing, or the polymer dissolved in a solvent may be blended with the elastomer optionally ...

LATEX COATING OF COPOLYMER OF METHACRYLIC OR IC ACID FOR ELECTROSTATIC SHEETS

An electrostatic sheet suitable for electrographic printing comprising a substrate in the form of a flexible or rigid sheet having adhered to at least one surface thereof a continuous dielectric film consisting essentially of a copolymer of from 0.5 to 8 weight percent of methacrylic acid or maleic acid and the balance consisting essentially of (a) a styrene compound and (b) a conjugated diene hydrocarbon or an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid; the alkyl ester having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. The sheets of this invention have improved charge acceptance and retention.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE LAYER

Elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial

Electrophotographic Element

... 1,175,451. Electrophotographic plate. RANK XEROX Ltd. 2 Jan., 1967 [3 Jan., 1966], No. 55/67. Addition to 1,116,553. Heading H1K. An electrophotographic plate includes a photoconductive layer comprising a phthalocyanine and an insulating binder, which is other than an insulating resin, the ratio of phthalocyanine to binder on a dry weight basis being above 1: 20. The phthalocyanine is preferably of the alpha or X-form and metal-free. The photoconductive layer may include as the binder, Se, Se-As alloy, boric acid, sucrose, lowmelting glass, copoly vinyl chloride-acetate, 2,4,7 - trinitrofluorene, 2,5 - bis - (p - aminophenyl) - 1,3,4 - oxadiazole, polyvinylcarbazole, polypropylene and Brilliant Green. Melts of these compounds may be applied to Al or stainless steel plates. Many inorganic binder materials and organic photoconductors are specified.

PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM

1,234,755. Coated films. GEVAERT-AGFA N.V. 12 Aug., 1968 [28 Sept., 1967], No. 44114/67. Heading B2E. [Also in Divisions G2C and H1K] A sheet material comprises a hydrophobic film support having superposed therein in succession, (a) a layer which is directly adherent to the hydrophobic film support comprising a copolymer formed from 45 to 99.5% by weight of at least one of the chlorine-containing monomers, vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, from 0.5 to 10% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer, and from 0 to 54.5% by weight of at least one other copolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and (b) a layer comprising in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:0.5 by weight of a mixture of gelatin and a copolymer of 30 to 70% by weight of butadiene with at least one copolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated monomer. A matting agent such as finely divided silica, a photo-sensitive semi-conductive organic or inorganic compound such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, or a photoconductive compound suited for use in electrophotography or an antistatic agent may be added to the mixture of gelatin and butadiene copolymer latex. A light-sensitive gelatino silver halide emulsion layer, a layer comprising a photo-sensitive semi-conductive substance or in successive order a layer comprising an electroconductive substance and a layer comprising a photo-conductive substance dispersed in an insulating binder may be deposited on the layer comprising a mixture of gelatin and butadiene copolymer latex. Hydrophobic support films mentioned are hydrophobic cellulose ester, e.g. cellulose acetate, cellulose aceto-butyrate and cellulose nitrate, linear polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene or polymethacrylic acid esters. The treated sheet material may be used for transference thereto of a hydrophilic layer to produce a recording or reproduction system by transfer of another material or produced thereon from a liquid system. Particularly useful recording ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member

In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer composed of a photoconductive material and a binder, improvement wherein said binder is a curable rubber.

LATEX COATING OF COPOLYMER OF METHACRYLIC OR IC ACID FOR ELECTROSTATIC SHEETS

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENT

ELECTROGRAPHIC SUBSTRATES THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE

IMAGE FORMING METHOD AND IMAGE FORMING DEVICE

An image forming method forms an image by performing charging, exposing, developing, and transferring in a rotation direction of a rotationally driven photoreceptor, wherein the charging is performed by a roller charging method, exposing a surface of the photoreceptor to light and eliminating charges on the surface of the photoreceptor are included between the developing and the transferring, the photoreceptor includes at least a charge transporting layer and a protective layer laminated on the charge transporting layer on a conductive support, and energy of light for irradiation in the exposing the surface of the photoreceptor to light is in a range of 0.0001 to 500 μW/mm2 on the surface of the photoreceptor.

PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

The process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a first support and a photosensitive layer; and a charging member. In the photosensitive member when an electric current is measured which flows when a voltage is applied to a surface while being varied, a gradient a1 of a low electric field region and a gradient a2 of a high electric field region satisfy a2/a1≥1.50, in a graph. The charging member includes a second support having an electroconductive outer surface, and a second electroconductive layer including a matrix and a plurality of domains being dispersed in the matrix, at least a portion of the domain is exposed to an outer surface which includes at least the matrix and at least a portion of the domain, and a volume resistivity ρM of the matrix is 1.00×105 times or higher of a volume resistivity ρD of the domain.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC SENSITIVE MATERIAL

PURPOSE: To obtain the titled material strong in adhesion of a photosensitive layer to a conductive substrate, superior in durability and humidity resistance, and capable of forming a sharp image free from white spots and fog by forming a photosensitive layer contg. a specified copolymer on the conductive substrate. CONSTITUTION: A photosensitive layer contg. a copolymer of (A) a diolefin monomer, such as butadiene, (B) at least one kind of monomer, such as styrene, and (C) a vinyl monomer having at least one of COOH, OH, vinyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl, and aryl group in the molecule, such as acrylic acid is formed on a conductive substrate, such as an aluminum vapor-deposited polyester film. The electrophotographic sensitive material thus obtained is strong in adhesion of the photosensitive layer to the substrate, and superior in durability and humidity resistance, and it can form a sharp image free from white spots and fog. COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio ...

Electrophotographic element

... 1,116,553. Electrophotography. RANK XEROX, Ltd. 15 June, 1965 [15 June, 1964], No. 22431/65. Heading H1K. An electrophotographic plate comprises a photoconductive layer containing a phthalo-` cyanine and a binder material wherein the ratio by weight of phthalocyanine to binder is from 1 : 1 to 1 : 20. These plates may be made by mixing a phthalocyanine with an organic resin in a liquid medium. Numerous phthalocyanines are listed but those preferred are unsubstituted metal-free phthalocyanines of the alpha, beta or X crystalline form. The photoconductive layer may be self-supporting or on a substrate of Al, steel, brass, metallized or SnO coated glass, plastics or paper. The photoconductive layer is preferably coated with a layer of dichromated shellac. Lists of suitable resins are given and are preferably polymers of styrenes, silicones, acrylic or methacrylic esters, vinyl aliphthatics, epoxys, phenolics and acrylonitriles. The preferred phthalocyanines are Monolite Fast Blue GS; Heliogen ...

Photoconductive layer usable in the technique of the electrophotographic reproduction

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENT

PHOTORECEPTOR DEVICE HAVING A SELF-ASSEMBLED PATTERNED BINDER LAYER

A photoreceptor device having at least one layer that is a self-assembled patterned binder layer, which may include at least one functional material.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE LAYER

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method of preparing the photoreceptor, and image forming method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge therefor using the photoreceptor

Electrolytic electrophotographic process

Electrostatic device of impression

Sheets for the electrolytic reproduction of images

Photoconductor, image forming process, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

A photoconductor is disclosed that exhibits superior wear resistance, excellent flaw resistance, and appropriate electric properties owing to a photosensitive layer having a crosslinked layer with superior smoothness and higher crosslink density, wherein the photoconductor comprises a support, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the support, the photosensitive layer comprises a crosslinked layer, the crosslinked layer comprises a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more functionalities and no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having one functionality and a charge transport structure, and the crosslinked layer is cured by way of photopolymerization and thermal polymerization.

Electrophotographic recording material

PHOTOCONDUCTIVE AND TOUGH POLYMER POLYBLENDS

Plates of lithography and proceeded for their manufacture

MATERIAL IN SHEETS

ORGANIC PHOTOCONDUCTIVE MATERIALS

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE LAYER

Photoreceptor charge transport layer composition

A charge transport layer composition for a photoreceptor includes at least a binder and a charge transport material of about 100% to about 40% by weight of a total of the charge transport layer N,N-dimethylphenyl)-4-biphenylamine and about 0% to about 60% N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine, and wherein the total charge transport material in the composition is 48% or less of the total solids of the composition. The charge transport layer forms a layer of a photoreceptor, which also includes an optional anti-curl layer, a substrate, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and optionally one or more overcoat or protective layers.

Imaging member

Disclosed is an imaging member comprising a conductive substrate, a photogenerating layer comprising a photogenerating material in contact with the substrate, and a charge transport layer in contact with the photogenerating layer, the charge transport layer comprising a charge transport material, a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups or groups capable of forming carboxylic acid groups, and a hydroquinone antioxidant, wherein the photogenerating layer is situated between the charge transport layer and the conductive substrate.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSITIONS

... 1333294 Photo-conductive composition FUJI PHOTO FILM CO Ltd 8 Jan 1971 [8 Jan 1970] 1074/71 Headings G2C and C17C4 A photo-conductive composition comprises powdered inorganic photo-conductive material and a binder composition comprising (a) a copolymer of a vinyl monomer or butadiene and a hydroalkyl monomer of Formula wherein R is H or CH 3 , Z is CO 2 (CH 2 ) m ' CONHCH 2 or OCH 2 , m is 1 to 5, n is 0 or 1, (b) an alkyd resin compatible with the copolymer and (c) a polyisocyanate compound capable of cross-linking at least part of the copolymer. In the specific embodiments, the alkyd resin (b) may be modified with an acryl ester, styrene, phenol, rosin or soybean oil, the polyisocyanate (c) may be tolylene or xylylene diisocyanate and the photo-conductor is ZnO. The copolymer (a) is preferably styrene and n-butyl methacrylate together with methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylamide or hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate and optionally acrylic acid. Other monomers, alkyd resins, ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE PLATE

... 1399506 Electro-photographic member DAI NIPPON TORYO KK 2 Aug 1972 36160/72 Heading G2C A reusable electro-photographic plate comprises a conductive base 1, a photo-conductive layer 2 and an insulating layer 3, the photo-conductive layer comprising CdS and an activator in a polymer binder having a volume resistivity of 1012 to 1016 ohm. cm. and a specific dielectric constant of not more than 4, and either the base 1 or insulating layer 3 being transparent to the radiation to be used. In the photo-conductor, Cd may be partially replaced by Zn, and S by Te. The binder may be polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, acrylonitrile/styrene polymer, and the insulating layer may be polystyrene or polyethylene terephonalate. To form a latent image the device is exposed to illumination while a corona discharge is simultaneously applied. So long as the insulating layer is not positively charged and the zinc proportion is not too high the device will ...

Electrophotographic plates and their manufactoring process

electrophotographic elements

ORGANE PHOTOSENSIBLE POUR APPAREIL ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIQUE

L'invention concerne les organes photosensibles destinés à la formation d'images par des opérations électrophotographiques. Elle se rapporte à un organe photosensible comprenant une couche photoconductrice contenant une matière photoconductrice et un liant. Selon l'invention, le liant est un caoutchouc vulcanisable. Une couche isolante peut être placée sur la couche photoconductrice. Le liant est avantageusement un caoutchouc cyclisé. Application aux copieurs électrophotographiques.

Photoreceptor charge transport layer composition

A charge transport layer composition for a photoreceptor includes at least a binder and a charge transport material of about 100% to about 40% by weight of a total of the charge transport layer N,N-dimethylphenyl)-4-biphenylamine and about 0% to about 60% N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, and wherein the total charge transport material in the composition is 48% or less of the total solids of the composition. The charge transport layer forms a layer of a photoreceptor, which also includes an optional anti-curl layer, a substrate, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and optionally one or more overcoat or protective layers.

Electrostatic printing

... 865,072. Electrophotographic film. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Sept. 5, 1957 [Sept. 25, 1956], No. 28058/57. Class 37. A film for use in electrophotographic printing comprises particles of photo-conductor dispersed in a mixture of a high styrene butadiene copolymer and a methylated paraffin resin. In an example 35 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 5 parts of a high styrene butadiene copolymer, 5 parts of a methylated paraffin resin, 2 parts of a plasticizer and 50 parts of the solvent toluene are ball-milled to form a slurry which is then coated on a paper backing. The resulting film is flexible, non-adhesive and hydrophobic.

Photoconductive composition containing polymers, and electrophotographic materials containing the composition

A photoconductive composition contains (a) a macromolecular organic photoconductor having a polycyclic aromatic ring or heterocyclic aromatic ring, preferably poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and (b) a styrene-butadiene copolymer, preferably in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts of conductor (a). Commercial random or block copolymers containing 25 to 85 mol % of styrene, of molecular weight usually 10,000 to 300,000 and soluble in a solvent for (a) can be used.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC SHEET MATERIAL EMPLOYING A HYDROPHOBIC FILM SUPPORT AND HYDROPHILIC LAYER

Photoconductive imaging members

A photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer comprised of charge transport molecules and a resin binder mixture comprised of a polycarbonate and an elastomeric block copolymer.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECEPTOR

PURPOSE: To obtain an electrophotographic receptor undergoing no change in the electrophotographic characteristics even if the environment is changed by coating a photoconductor with a resin with relatively low resistance. CONSTITUTION: An electrophotographic receptor having a photoconductive layer contg. a photoconductor in a binding resin is characterized by the photoconductor coated with a resin with 1011W1012Ω.cm volume resistivity at ≥80% RH humidity and 1013W1014Ω.cm volume resistivity at ≤80% RH humidity and the binding resin with ≥1015Ω.cm volume resistivity at ≥80% RH humidity. The receptor hardly undergoes changes in the dark potential, light potential, sensitivity and other characteristics even at higher temp. and higher humidity or lower temp. and lower humidity. As the resin with relatively low resistance, an aqueous ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polybutadiene or the like having OH or COOH groups is used. The binding resin includes polyester resin and a vinyl chloride-vinyl ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, IMAGE FORMING METHOD USING THE SAME, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS AND PROCESS CARTRIDGE FOR THE IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor, having high and stable wear and scratch resistances and proper electrical characteristics, and realizing enhanced image quality over a prolonged period of time, a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an image forming method using the long-lifetime and high performance photoreceptor, an image forming apparatus and a process cartridge for the image forming apparatus. SOLUTION: The electrophotographic photoreceptor has at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the photosensitive layer is formed by crosslinking and curing a coating liquid layer for surface layer formation comprising (a) a trifunctional or higher functionality radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transport structure, (b) a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure and (c) a solvent by light energy irradiation, in a state with the surface temperature of ...

Elektrolytisches elektrophotographisches Verfahren

LATEX COATINGS

Imaging member

Disclosed is an imaging member comprising a conductive substrate, a photogenerating layer comprising a photogenerating material in contact with the substrate, a first charge transport layer in contact with the photogenerating layer, the first charge transport layer comprising a charge transport material and a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups or groups capable of forming carboxylic acid groups, and a second charge transport layer in contact with the first charge transport layer, the second charge transport layer comprising a charge transport material and a hydroquinone antioxidant, wherein the first charge transport layer is situated between the second charge transport layer and the photogenerating layer.

Latex coatings for electrographic sheets

An aqueous latex coating composition comprising a non-conductive, water-insoluble copolymer of (1) methacrylic acid or maleic acid, (2) a styrene compound, and (3) a conjugated diene hydrocarbon or an alkyl ester of methacrylic acid or of acrylic acid is coated onto a sheet which is conductive or is non-conductive but may have a conductive layer adhered thereto. Thereby, sheets having a dielectric coating for electrographic printing are produced.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge using the electrophotographic photoreceptor

An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including a crosslinked material including: units obtained from a radical polymerizing monomer A having three or more radical polymerizing groups; a compound B having the following formula (1): B1—Ar1—CH═CH—Ar2—B2 (1) wherein Ar1 represents a substituted or an unsubstituted monovalent group or bivalent group formed of an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton; Ar2 represents a monovalent group or a bivalent group formed of an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton or heterocyclic compound skeleton having one or more tertiaryamino group; and at least one of B1 and B2 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is an acryloyloxy group; a methacryloyloxy group; a vinyl group; an alkyl group having an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group or a vinyl group; or an alkoxy group having an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group or a vinyl group; and a photo polymerization initiator.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENT CONTAINING PHTHALOCYANINE

LICHTEMPFINDLICHES ELEMENT FUER DIE ELEKTROFOTOGRAFIE

Electrophotographic recording material with a photoconductor-binder layer

Elektrophotographische Platte und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Elektrophotographische Platte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Electrolytic Electrophotographic Process

... 1,178,552. Electro-photographic development. FUJI SHASHIN FILM K. K. Feb. 16, 1967 [Feb. 21, 1966], No. 7543/67. Heading G2H. A photo-conductive layer having an electrically conductive backing is developed during or immediately after imagewise exposure by electrolysis in an aqueous solution of a compound containing at least one CH 2 = C(X) (Y) group (in which X and Y are different radicals) which is polymerized by free radicals produced by the electrolysis whereby the polymer formed is deposited imagewise on the layer. The polymerizable compound may be acrylonitrile, acrylamide, acrolein, acrylic acid, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate or glycerol diacrylate. The electrolyte may also contain a polar solvent (e.g. acetone or methanol), a salt (e.g. Na Cl) to increase conductivity, a thermal polymerisation inhibitor (e.g. hydroquinone or its monomethyl ether), a free radical source (e.g. Fe Cl 3 or a cerium salt) and/or a compound (e.g. triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) which yields a formazone ...

POLYMER HAVING STILBENEQUINONE STRUCTURE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR CONTAINING THE POLYMER

PURPOSE: A polymer having a stilbenequinone structure, its preparation method and an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the polymer are provided, to prevent the precipitation due to crystallization, thereby improving an electron transport property. CONSTITUTION: The polymer is represented by the formula 1, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently H, a halogen atom, OH, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of C1-C20, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of C6-C30, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group of C7-C30, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group of C1-C20; -X- is a single bond, -S-, -O-, -NH-, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group of C1-C20, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene group of C1-C20, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene group of C2-C20, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenylene group of C2-C20, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group ...

PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

A process cartridge is provided, which is configured to recover, with a developing member, developer remaining on an image bearing member after transfer of a developer image to a transfer receiving member, wherein a charging member has a shaft that is conductive and an elastic layer supported on the shaft and being in contact with the image bearing member; the elastic layer has a matrix containing a first rubber, and a plurality of domains containing a second rubber and an electron-conductive agent and interspersed within the matrix. The electric resistance of the domains is lower than the electric resistance of the matrix. The matrix is exposed on an outer surface of the elastic layer and forms multiple depressed portions, and the domains include a domains exposed at a bottom section of the depressed portion.

ELEKTROLYTISCHER ENTWICKLER FUER ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHISCHE VERFAHREN

LATEXUEBERZUEGE FUER ELEKTROSTATISCHE BLAETTER

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electroconductive support member and a photosensitive layer. The uppermost layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member defines a surface layer, and the surface layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a charge transporting material, and polyvinyl acetal. The proportion of the polyvinyl acetal content to the polytetrafluoroethylene particles content in the surface layer is in the range of 0.1% by mass to 15.0% by mass, and the charge transporting material content in the surface layer is 35% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the surface layer.

DEVELOPING MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic developing member includes an electro-conductive support and an electro-conductive layer provided on the support, wherein the electro-conductive layer has a matrix containing a first rubber and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix, and the domain contains a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent and when a frequency is log-log-plotted on a horizontal axis and an impedance is log-log-plotted on a vertical axis with respect to an impedance measured by applying an alternating current voltage having an amplitude of 1 V on the electro-conductive layer while changing a frequency between 1.0×10Hz to 1.0×10Hz under a specific environment, an inclination of an impedance on a high frequency side is −0.8 or more and −0.3 or less and an impedance on a low frequency side is 1.0×10Ω to 1.0×10Ω. 1. An electrophotographic developing member comprising:a support having an electro-conductive outer surface; andan electro-conductive layer on the electro-conductive outer surface of the support, the electro-conductive layer having a matrix comprising a first rubber and domains dispersed in the matrix,the domain each comprising a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent, wherein{'sup': −2', '−7', '6', '7', '−2', '0', '4', '11, 'assuming that a metal film is provided on an outer surface of the developing member, and an impedance is measured by applying an alternating current voltage having an amplitude of 1 V between the electro-conductive outer surface of the support and the metal film while varying a frequency between 1.0×10Hz to 1.0×10Hz under an environment of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, in a double logarithmic plot with a frequency on an abscissa and an impedance on an ordinate, a slope at a frequency of 1.0×10Hz to 1.0×10Hz is −0.8 or more and −0.3 or less, and an impedance at a frequency of 1.0×10Hz to 1.0×10Hz is 1.0×10Ω to 1.0×10Ω.'}2. The electrophotographic developing member according to claim 1 , ...

ELECTRO-CONDUCTIVE MEMBER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An electro-conductive layer of an electrophotographic electro-conductive member has a matrix-domain structure. The matrix contains a first rubber. The domain contains a second rubber and electro-conductive particles. Where μ represents an average of ratios of the cross-sectional area of the electro-conductive particles contained in each of the domains to the cross-sectional area of each of the domains appearing on a cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction, and σ represents a standard deviation of the ratios, σ/μ is 0 or more and 0.4 or less, and μ is 20% or more and 40% or less. At least eight of samples with a first cubic shape 9 μm on a side, which are sampled at arbitrary nine positions on the electro-conductive layer, satisfy the specified condition. 1. An electrophotographic electro-conductive member comprising a matrix containing a crosslinked product of a first rubber; and', 'domains dispersed in the matrix,', 'each of the domains containing a crosslinked product of a second rubber and electro-conductive particles,', 'the first rubber being different from the second rubber, wherein', 'when, 'an electro-conductive layer containingan average of ratios of the cross-sectional area of the electro-conductive particles contained in each of the domains to the cross-sectional area of each of the domains appearing on a cross-section of the electro-conductive layer in a thickness direction is defined as μ, and σ/μ is 0 or more and 0.4 or less,', 'μ is 20% or more and 40% or less, and wherein among first cubic shaped samples each having 9 μm on a side sampled at arbitrary nine portions from the electro-conductive layer, at least eight of the samples satisfy the following condition (1):, 'a standard deviation of the ratios is defined as σ,'} {'sup': '3', 'assuming that one sample is divided into 27 unit cubes having 3 μm on a side, and a volume Vd of the domains contained in each of the unit cubes is calculated, a number of the unit cubes ...

Image forming method and image forming device

An image forming method forms an image by performing charging, exposing, developing, and transferring in a rotation direction of a rotationally driven photoreceptor, wherein the charging is performed by a roller charging method, exposing a surface of the photoreceptor to light and eliminating charges on the surface of the photoreceptor are included between the developing and the transferring, the photoreceptor includes at least a charge transporting layer and a protective layer laminated on the charge transporting layer on a conductive support, and energy of light for irradiation in the exposing the surface of the photoreceptor to light is in a range of 0.0001 to 500 μW/mm2 on the surface of the photoreceptor.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Photoconductive composition and electrophotographic photosensitive material using said composition

Imaging members

Novel surface layers for photoreceptors are provided. The surface layers are a polymeric composition including a resin and a cyclic polymer.

Photo-active member for xerography

Photoreceptor device having a self-assembled patterned binder layer

본 발명은 적어도 하나의 작용성 물질을 포함할 수 있는, 자기조립되고 패턴화된 결합제 층인 적어도 하나의 층을 갖는 광수용체 장치에 관한 것이다. The present invention is directed to a photoreceptor device having at least one layer that is a self-assembled and patterned binder layer, which may comprise at least one functional material. 광수용체 장치, 자기조립되고 패턴화된 결합제 층, 작용성 물질, 전하 발생 층, 전하 수송 층, 오버코트 층. A photoreceptor device, a self-assembled and patterned binder layer, a functional material, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, an overcoat layer.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge using the electrophotographic photoreceptor

An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including a crosslinked material including: units obtained from a radical polymerizing monomer A having three or more radical polymerizing groups; a compound B having the following formula (1): B 1 —Ar 1 —CH═CH—Ar 2 —B 2   (1) wherein Ar 1 represents a substituted or an unsubstituted monovalent group or bivalent group formed of an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton; Ar 2 represents a monovalent group or a bivalent group formed of an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton or heterocyclic compound skeleton having one or more tertiaryamino group; and at least one of B 1 and B 2 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is an acryloyloxy group; a methacryloyloxy group; a vinyl group; an alkyl group having an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group or a vinyl group; or an alkoxy group having an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group or a vinyl group; and a photo polymerization initiator.

Photoreceptor device having a self-assembled patterned binder layer

A photoreceptor device having at least one layer that is a self-assembled patterned binder layer, which may include at least one functional material.

Electrostatic printing

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PLATE CONTAINING METAL-FREE PHTHALOCYANINE DISTRIBUTED IN A BINDER.

Photoconductor, image forming process, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

A photoconductor is disclosed that exhibits superior wear resistance, excellent flaw resistance, and appropriate electric properties owing to a photosensitive layer having a crosslinked layer with superior smoothness and higher crosslink density, wherein the photoconductor comprises a support, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the support, the photosensitive layer comprises a crosslinked layer, the crosslinked layer comprises a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more functionalities and no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having one functionality and a charge transport structure, and the crosslinked layer is cured by way of photopolymerization and thermal polymerization.

Photoreceptor device having a self-assembled patterned binder layer

Electrophotographic recording member

Photoreceptor device having a self-assembled patterned binder layer

本发明公开了一种具有自组装形成图案的基料层的感光体设备，该设备具有至少一个层，该层为自组装形成图案的基料层，可以包括至少一种官能材料。

COMPOSITE SHEET MATERIAL.

Electrophotosensitive copy-sheet

Patent JPS6022349B2

Abs polymer containing photoconductors

A photoconductor that includes an optional anticurl layer, optional supporting substrate, an optional ground plane layer, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional ground strip segment, an optional adhesive layer, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer that contains an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer.

处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明涉及处理盒和电子照相设备。提供一种可拆卸地安装至电子照相设备的主体的处理盒，所述处理盒包括：电子照相感光构件和充电构件，其中当电子照相感光构件中的计算长度的平均局部电位差基于特定方法计算时，平均局部电位差的最大值为2V以上，该充电构件包括支承体和导电层，该导电层具有基质和分散于基质中的域，基质的体积电阻率ρ M 为域的体积电阻率ρ D 的1.00×10 5 倍以上，并且特定计算长度S CP [μm]和与域间距离D ms [μm]相关的特定值满足S CP ≥3×D ms 。

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明涉及处理盒和电子照相设备。一种处理盒，其包括具有第一支承体和感光层的电子照相感光构件；和充电构件。在感光构件中，当测量使电压在变化的同时施加至表面时流动的电流时，在图中低电场区域的斜率a 1 和高电场区域的斜率a 2 满足a 2 /a 1 ≥1.50。充电构件包括具有导电性外表面的第二支承体，和包括基体和分散在基体中的多个域的第二导电层，域的至少一部分露出至至少包括基体、和域的至少一部分的外表面，并且基体的体积电阻率ρ M 为域的体积电阻率ρ D 的1.00×10 5 倍以上。

Process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

There is provided a process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member, in which when average local potential differences of calculated lengths in the electrophotographic photosensitive member is calculated based on a specific method, a maximum value of the average local potential difference is 2 V or more, the charging member includes a support and an electro-conductive layer, the electro-conductive layer has a matrix and domains dispersed in the matrix, a volume resistivity ρM of the matrix is at least 1.00×105 times a volume resistivity ρD of the domain, and a specific calculated length SCP [μm] and a specific value relating a distance between the domains Dms [μm] satisfy SCP≥3×Dms.

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置

【課題】 得られる画像の１ドット画像の再現性が高い電子写真感光体と、係る電子写真感光体を用いたプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供すること。【解決手段】 導電性支持体と、感光層と、を有する電子写真感光体であって、該電子写真感光体の表面層が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粒子、電荷輸送物質、及びポリビニルアセタールを含有し、該表面層中の、該ポリビニルアセタールの含有量が、該ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粒子の含有量に対して、０．１質量％以上１５．０質量％以下であることを特徴とするとする電子写真感光体。【選択図】 なし

导电性构件及其制造方法、处理盒以及电子照相图像形成装置

电子照相用导电性构件的导电层具有基质‑域结构，基质具有第一橡胶，域具有第二橡胶和导电性颗粒，在导电层的厚度方向上的截面中出现的各域中的导电性颗粒的截面积相对于所述域各自的截面积的比例的标准偏差σ与所述比例的平均值μ之比σ/μ为0‑0.4(包含)，在其中μ为20‑40％并且从导电层的九个任意位置取样的一边为9μm的第一立方体形状的样品中，至少八个样品满足以下条件：其中将一个样品分成一边为3μm的27个单位立方体，并且各单位立方体中包含的所述域的体积Vd为2.7～10.8μm 3 ，并且单位立方体的数量为至少20个。

电子照相感光体、成像设备和处理盒

本发明提供一种电子照相感光体、成像设备和处理盒。所述电子照相感光体包括：导电性支持体；和所述导电性支持体上的感光层，其中所述感光层包含功能层，所述功能层包含：在分子中具有三键和羟基的化合物；和固化性树脂的固化产物。

电子照相感光构件、处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明涉及电子照相感光构件、处理盒和电子照相设备。一种电子照相感光构件，其包括导电性支承构件和感光层。将电子照相感光构件的最上层规定为表面层，并且表面层包含聚四氟乙烯颗粒、电荷输送材料和聚乙烯醇缩醛。在表面层中聚乙烯醇缩醛的含量与聚四氟乙烯颗粒的含量的比例在0.1质量％至15.0质量％的范围内，并且在表面层中电荷输送材料的含量相对于表面层的总质量为35质量％以上。

有机感光体和包括所述有机感光体的电子照相成像装置

提供了有机感光体和包括所述有机感光体的电子照相成像装置。所述有机感光体具有常规分层感光体的相同优点，但具有改善了的电学特性如更高的光敏性和更低的曝光电势。

单层型电子照相感光体和设置有该感光体的电子照相装置

一种单层型电子照相感光体和设置有该感光体的电子照相装置，所述单层型电子照相感光体通过在导电支持体上层压含电荷产生材料和电荷输送材料的单层型感光层而获得，其中上述单层型感光层包括空穴输送材料和电子输送材料作为上述电荷输送材料。

[UNK]

处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明涉及处理盒和电子照相设备。一种处理盒，其包括具有第一支承体和感光层的电子照相感光构件；和充电构件。在感光构件中，当测量使电压在变化的同时施加至表面时流动的电流时，在图中低电场区域的斜率a 1 和高电场区域的斜率a 2 满足a 2 /a 1 ≥1.50。充电构件包括具有导电性外表面的第二支承体，和包括基体和分散在基体中的多个域的第二导电层，域的至少一部分露出至至少包括基体、和域的至少一部分的外表面，并且基体的体积电阻率ρ M 为域的体积电阻率ρ D 的1.00×10 5 倍以上。

Non-halogenated polymeric binder

A non-halogenated binder material, such as for an electrophotographic imaging member binder, includes a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl acid.

Photokonduktive Aufnahmeelemente

Latex coatings for electrostatic and photoconductive purposes

AN AQUEOUS LATEX COATING COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN INTERPOLYMER OF METHYL METHACRYLATE, BUTADIENE AND STYRENE AND HAVING DISSOLVED THEREIN FROM ABOUT 0.5 TO ABOUT 2.5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE SURFACTANT MIXTURE CONSISTING OF (1) A SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALI METAL AND AMMONIUM SALTS OF ALKYL SULFATES, ALKYL ARYL SULFONATES AND MIXTURES THEREOF, AND (2) A SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE ALKALI METAL AND AMMONIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises: an electroconductive support; and a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a functional layer, the functional layer comprising: a compound having a triple bond and a hydroxyl group in a molecule; and a cured product of a curable resin.

Organic photoreceptor and electrophotographic image forming apparatus including the photoreceptor

An organic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus including the organic photoreceptor are provided. The organic photoreceptor has the same advantage as a conventional laminated photoreceptor but improved electric properties such as higher photosensitivity and lower exposure potential.

전자 사진 감광체, 그 제조 방법, 그것을 이용한 화상 형성방법, 화상 형성 장치 및 화상 형성 장치용 프로세스카트리지

본 발명은 막 밀도를 향상시킨 가교 표면층을 이용함으로써, 뛰어난 내구성을 구비함과 동시에, 환경에 따른 특성 변동을 억제한 안정하고도 고품질의 화상 형성을 장기간에 걸쳐 실현할 수 있는 전자 사진 감광체와 그 제조 방법을 제공하고, 또, 이와 같은 장수명, 고성능 감광체를 사용한 화상 형성 방법, 화상 형성 장치 및 화상 형성 장치용 프로세스 카트리지를 제공한다. 전도성 지지체 상에 적어도 감광층을 구비하는 전자 사진 감광체에 있어서, 상기 감광층 표면층은 적어도 (ㄱ) 전하 수송성 구조를 구비하지 않는 3 관능 이상의 래디컬 중합성 모노머와, (ㄴ) 전하 수송성 구조를 구비하는 래디컬 중합성 화합물을 함유하는 단량체 혼합물을 중합하여 형성한 것이고, 상기 표면층의 막 밀도는 1.0∼1.4 g/cm 3 의 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 전자 사진 감광체를 제공한다. 래디컬 중합성 화합물, 가교 표면층, 전자 사진 감광체, 프로세스 카트리 지, 화상 형성 장치

Image forming method and image forming device

An image forming method forms an image by performing charging, exposing, developing, and transferring in a rotation direction of a rotationally driven photoreceptor, wherein the charging is performed by a roller charging method, exposing a surface of the photoreceptor to light and eliminating charges on the surface of the photoreceptor are included between the developing and the transferring, the photoreceptor includes at least a charge transporting layer and a protective layer laminated on the charge transporting layer on a conductive support, and energy of light for irradiation in the exposing the surface of the photoreceptor to light is in a range of 0.0001 to 500 μW/mm2 on the surface of the photoreceptor.

显影构件、处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明提供在高速处理中能够维持高图像品质和高耐久性的显影构件。作为具有导电性支承体和设置在支承体上的导电层的电子照相用显影构件，使用如下的显影构件：导电层具有包含第一橡胶的基质和分散在基质中的多个域，并且域包含第二橡胶和电子导电剂；在特定的环境下，对导电层施加振幅为1V的交流电压同时频率在1.0×10 ‑2 Hz至1.0×10 7 Hz之间改变来测量的阻抗，在将频率在横轴上并且阻抗在纵轴上双对数绘制时，具有‑0.8以上且‑0.3以下的高频率侧上的斜率；并且，低频率侧的阻抗为1.0×10 4 Ω至1.0×10 11 Ω。

[UNK]

Bindemittel fuer die photoleitende Schicht eines elektrophotographischen Kopiermaterials

含有1，2-二苯乙烯醌结构的聚合物和含有上述聚合物的电照相感光体

含有1，2-二苯乙烯醌结构作为重复单元的聚合物和含有该聚合物的电照相感光体。更特别的是，该聚合物具有改善电子迁移能力，即使当聚合物在较高的浓度下用作电照相感光体的电子迁移体时，也不会产生沉淀。

[UNK]

[UNK]

[UNK]

处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明涉及处理盒和电子照相设备。一种处理盒，其包括具有第一支承体和感光层的电子照相感光构件；和充电构件。在感光构件中，当测量使电压在变化的同时施加至表面时流动的电流时，在图中低电场区域的斜率a 1 和高电场区域的斜率a 2 满足a 2 /a 1 ≥1.50。充电构件包括具有导电性外表面的第二支承体，和包括基体和分散在基体中的多个域的第二导电层，域的至少一部分露出至至少包括基体、和域的至少一部分的外表面，并且基体的体积电阻率ρ M 为域的体积电阻率ρ D 的1.00×10 5 倍以上。

处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明涉及处理盒和电子照相设备。提供一种可拆卸地安装至电子照相设备的主体的处理盒，所述处理盒包括：电子照相感光构件和充电构件，其中当电子照相感光构件中的计算长度的平均局部电位差基于特定方法计算时，平均局部电位差的最大值为2V以上，该充电构件包括支承体和导电层，该导电层具有基质和分散于基质中的域，基质的体积电阻率ρ M 为域的体积电阻率ρ D 的1.00×10 5 倍以上，并且特定计算长度S CP [μm]和与域间距离D ms [μm]相关的特定值满足S CP ≥3×D ms 。

导电性构件及其制造方法、处理盒以及电子照相图像形成装置

电子照相用导电性构件的导电层具有基质‑域结构，基质具有第一橡胶，域具有第二橡胶和导电性颗粒，在导电层的厚度方向上的截面中出现的各域中的导电性颗粒的截面积相对于所述域各自的截面积的比例的标准偏差σ与所述比例的平均值μ之比σ/μ为0‑0.4(包含)，在其中μ为20‑40％并且从导电层的九个任意位置取样的一边为9μm的第一立方体形状的样品中，至少八个样品满足以下条件：其中将一个样品分成一边为3μm的27个单位立方体，并且各单位立方体中包含的所述域的体积Vd为2.7～10.8μm 3 ，并且单位立方体的数量为至少20个。

显影构件、处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明提供在高速处理中能够维持高图像品质和高耐久性的显影构件。作为具有导电性支承体和设置在支承体上的导电层的电子照相用显影构件，使用如下的显影构件：导电层具有包含第一橡胶的基质和分散在基质中的多个域，并且域包含第二橡胶和电子导电剂；在特定的环境下，对导电层施加振幅为1V的交流电压同时频率在1.0×10 ‑2 Hz至1.0×10 7 Hz之间改变来测量的阻抗，在将频率在横轴上并且阻抗在纵轴上双对数绘制时，具有‑0.8以上且‑0.3以下的高频率侧上的斜率；并且，低频率侧的阻抗为1.0×10 4 Ω至1.0×10 11 Ω。

电子照相感光构件、处理盒和电子照相设备

本发明涉及电子照相感光构件、处理盒和电子照相设备。一种电子照相感光构件，其包括导电性支承构件和感光层。将电子照相感光构件的最上层规定为表面层，并且表面层包含聚四氟乙烯颗粒、电荷输送材料和聚乙烯醇缩醛。在表面层中聚乙烯醇缩醛的含量与聚四氟乙烯颗粒的含量的比例在0.1质量％至15.0质量％的范围内，并且在表面层中电荷输送材料的含量相对于表面层的总质量为35质量％以上。