ЛАЗЕРНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО ИСПУСКАНИЯ, СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО ИСПУСКАНИЯ И АТОМНЫЙ ОСЦИЛЛЯТОР

Лазерный элемент поверхностного испускания включает в себя полупроводниковую подложку и множество лазеров поверхностного испускания, сконфигурированных с возможностью испускания света со взаимно различными длинами волн. Каждый лазер поверхностного испускания включает в себя нижний брэгговский отражатель, обеспеченный на полупроводниковой подложке, резонатор, обеспеченный на нижнем брэгговском отражателе, верхний брэгговский отражатель, обеспеченный на резонаторе, и слой регулирования длины волны, обеспеченный внутри верхнего брэгговского отражателя или нижнего брэгговского отражателя. Слои регулирования длины волны, включенные в лазеры поверхностного испускания, имеют взаимно различные толщины, причем, по меньшей мере, один из слоев регулирования длины волны включает в себя слои регулирования, образованные из двух видов материалов, и числа слоев регулирования, включенных в слои регулирования длины волны, взаимно различаются. Технический результат заключается в возможности обеспечения регулирования ...

КОНТРОЛЬ АТОМНЫХ ЧАСОВ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕСТОПОЛОЖЕНИЯ (GPS) ИЛИ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ НАВИГАЦИОННОЙ СПУТНИКОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ (GNSS) НА ОСНОВЕ МНОЖЕСТВА УРОВНЕЙ, И/ИЛИ МНОЖЕСТВА ПРЕДЕЛОВ, И/ИЛИ МНОЖЕСТВА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЕЙ

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и может быть использовано для контроля атомных часов глобальной системы определения местоположения (GPS) или глобальной навигационной спутниковой системы (GNSS). Технический результат - повышение точности. Для этого способ включает установление измеренной разности между атомным эталоном частоты (AFS) и контролирующим устройством. Способ также включает моделирование модели оцененной разности между атомным эталоном частоты (AFS) и контролирующим устройством и вычисление остаточного сигнала на основании измеренной разности и модели оцененной разности. При этом с помощью первого датчика осуществляют анализ остаточного сигнала во множестве пределов, каждый из которых имеет соответствующую устойчивость, задающую количество превышений предела до индикации одного или большего количества из следующего: фазовый скачок, частотный скачок и погрешность вследствие ускорения. Кроме того, с помощью второго датчика осуществляют анализ параметра модели оцененной ...

Поглощающая ячейка квантового стандарта частоты и способы ее применения

Использование: изобретения относятся к технике, предоставляющей пользователю электрический гармонический сигнал с заданной высокостабильной частотой. Сущность: предложена поглощающая ячейка квантового стандарта частоты, имеющая дополнительную рабочую полость, причем наличие дополнительной рабочей полости позволяет создать дополнительный канал квантового дискриминатора частоты, при этом режимы работы разных каналов квантового дискриминатора частоты могут различаться как за счет отличия диаметров и мощности луча лазерного излучения, так и за счет неравенства температур разных рабочих полостей и, соответственно, заполняющего их газа, причем как рабочие полости, так и полость для хранения запаса щелочного металла сообщаются между собой, обеспечивая тем самым равенство давления газа во всех полостях. Предложен способ использования поглощающей ячейки квантового стандарта частоты, при котором лазерное излучение, пропускаемое через две рабочие полости ячейки, ослабляют предварительно в разной степени ...

Блок конденсаторов

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM ABSTIMMEN DER EIGENFREQUENZ EINES SCHWINGKOERPERS AUS PIEZOELEKTRISCHEM KRISTALL

Atomfrequenznormalzelle und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Vorrichtung für Zeitinterpolation

ELEKTRONISCHE UHR

ELEKTROSTATISCHER OSZILLATOR

WASSERSTOFFSYNCHRONISATION

Quantenresonanzvorrichtung

HALBLEITERANORDNUNG

VORRICHTUNG ZUR STOSSFESTEN HALTERUNG EINES STIMMGABELFOERMIGEN PIEZO-SCHWINGERS

Zelle mit einer Kavität und einer die Kavität umgebenden Wandung, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Zelle, deren Verwendung und Wandung mit einer darin ausbildbaren Ausnehmung

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zelle und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben, wobei die Zelle eine Kavität (11', 111') und eine die Kavität umgebende Wandung (10, 20, 30, 110, 120) aufweist und dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass in der Wandung (10, 20, 30, 110, 120) mindestens ein Depotbereich (15, 115) für Material vorgesehen ist, das durch Diffusion in die Kavität (11', 111') gelangen kann. Ein Vorprodukt dieser Zelle ist ein Wandungsabschnitt (10, 20, 30, 110, 120) mit einer darin ausbildbaren Ausnehmung (11, 111) und mindestens einem darin ausgebildeten Depotbereich (15, 115) zur Aufnahme von Material, welches durch Diffusion in die Ausnehmung (11, 111) transferierbar ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Zelle ist als Zeit- oder Frequenznormal verwendbar, aber auch zur Einstellung einer vorbestimmten Konzentration eines gasförmigen Materials in der Kavität (11', 111') durch gesteuerte Ausdiffusion eines dem reaktiven Gas entsprechenden Materials aus dem Depotbereich (15, 115).

ELECTRO-THERMAL TIMING APPARATUS MORE ESPECIALLY FOR CONTROLLING A SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS

... 1,201,056. Time control of electric circuits. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Inc. Sept.22, 1967 [Jan.9, 1967], No.43262/67. Heading G3T. Also in Division H1] Timing apparatus particularly for a programme control of electric circuitry comprises pairs of thermistors 11, 12, 13, &c., connected to power supply lines L 1 , L 2 the thermistors of each pair being electrically connected to one another and being of opposite temperature co-efficients, and the thermistors are so arranged that heat generated in a thermistor of one temperature co-efficient in a pair, e.g. the thermistor P11, is transferred to a thermistor of the opposite temperature co-efficient in an adjacent pair, e.g. to the thermistor N12. Before commencement of the programme cycle the thermistors are in a cool stable state, but on closing a switch PB1 a thermistor PT1 is energized to heat a thermistor N11 having a negative temperature co-efficient and connected in series with a thermistor P11 having a positive temperature co-efficient. Heating ...

ELECTROSTATIC OSCILLATING DEVICE

... 1408619 Electric watches CITIZEN WATCH CO Ltd 24 Nov 1972 [26 Nov 1971 (2) 27 Nov 1971 29 Nov 1971 (2) 7 Dec 1971 (2) 8 Feb 1972 22 Feb 1972] 54364/72 Heading G3T [Also in Division H3] An electrostatic oscillator, for use e.g. as a watch time standard or as a frequency selecting filter in radio equipment, comprises an oscillatory element with electrical driving means, and electrostatic detecting means including an electrode for detecting oscillation of the element and an electret of polymeric material serving as a D.C. bias supply in the detecting circuit. Fig. 16 shows a tuning fork oscillator 131 held above an insulating base 137 by a terminal post 136. Oscillations are detected by an electrode 134b sandwiched between electrets 132b, 133b and connected to post 135b. A similar block connected to post 135a is used to drive the oscillator. The electrets are spaced from the tines but may alternatively be bonded thereto Fig.2 (not shown). Fig. 10 shows a flat oscillator with outer limbs 91 ...

ELECTRONIC TIMEPIECE

... 1450071 Electronic timepieces CITIZEN WATCH CO Ltd 24 Sept 1973 [2 Oct 1972 21 May 1973] 44628/73 Heading G3T [Also in Division G4] In an electronic timepiece comprising a crystal controlled oscillator circuit followed by a frequency divider chain producing a time unit signal which is fed to counters for driving a time display, e.g. comprising liquid crystal or light-emitting diode elements or a pulse motor driving hands via gears, regulation of the running rate of the timepiece is effected by adding, in a frequency adder circuit, the oscillator output frequency to that of an adjustment signal from an adjustment circuit which is selectively controlled by an external signal to adjust for fast or slow operation of the timepiece. The frequency adder output is applied to the divider input which, in effect changes the division ratio of the divider and adjusts the frequency of the time unit signal (nominally 1 Hz). In Fig. 9A output pulses at 221 Hz from an oscillator circuit 91 are ...

Improvements in or relating to speed recorders

... 771,747. Spring power-storing mechanism. MERCES AKT.-GES. Aug. 24, 1955 [Sept. 2, 1954], No. 24315/55. Class 10. [Also in Group XIX] A helical spring 18 interconnects a ratchetwheel 16 and gear-wheel 17 at points near their peripheries and in order to tension the spring the ratchet-wheel 16 is driven by a pawl 14 oscillating with a frequency depending upon the speed of a vehicle (see Group XIX), reversing under the influence of the spring 18 being prevented by a pawl 19. The gear-wheel 17 follows the movement of the ratchet-wheel 16 at regular intervals of time under the control of escapement mechanism 24 so long as the vehicle is travelling at a sufficient speed and overtensioning at greater speeds is prevented by a stop (not shown) between the wheels 16, 17, the pawl 14 being sufficiently flexible to give without driving the ratchet-wheel 16.

Improvements in methods and apparatus relating to the precise determination of shorttime-intervals

... 582,434. Retardation and timing devices. SCOPHONY, Ltd., and THOMSON, A. F. H. May 15, 1944, No. 9312. (Class 40 (iii)] Apparatus for the control and accurate measurement of the time interval between electric pulses or the periodic time of a train of electric pulses comprises a container for a column of liquid, exciting means at one end of the column for generating mechanical pulses in the liquid column in response to the applied electrical pulses means for picking up the mechanical pulses from the column and generating corresponding electrical impulses therofrom and means whereby the effective length of the column may be continuously varied and indicated. The column 2 of liquid is contained between a piezo-electric plate 1, closing one end of a tube 6, and a plunger 3, carried by a threaded rod 4, engaging a nut 5 and having a splined gear-wheel 9 rotated by a manually-operated spindle 7. The wheel 9 also meshes with a gear-wheel 10 on a shaft 11, connected to an indicator associated with ...

SYNCHRONISING SYSTEM USING OSCILLATORS OF HIGH FREQUENCY STABILITY

... 1407683 Synchronizing systems; multiplex pulse signalling NIPPON HOSO KYOKAI and NIPPON ELECTRIC CO Ltd 13 Nov 1972 [12 Nov 1971 (3)] 52369/72 Headings H3A and H4L An arrangement for synchronizing an oscillator 11 at a remote station 10, 20 or 30 with an oscillator 51 at a base station 50 comprises a phase detector 561 at the base for comparing a received first signal with the base oscillator output, a phase shifter 562 responsive to the detected phase difference for phase shifting the first signal into synchronism with the oscillator output and an arrangement (81-84, Fig. 2) for deviating the frequency of remote oscillator 11 in a direction tending to invert the sign of the phase difference detected at the base. Control of the remote station may be accomplished via a limit detector 60 and transmitter receiver control arrangements or by human operators over telephone lines. In operation, as soon as the detected phase difference reaches a limit, the resonant frequency of the remote oscillator ...

OSCILLATOR

... 1441192 Piezoelectric resonators DAINI SEIKOSHA KK 25 March 1974 [29 March 1973 (2)] 13098/74 Heading H1E A piezoelectric or electrostrictive laminar resonator is mounted by a layer 32 of adhesive on a pedestal 31 and is provided on one or both sides with electrodes 15, 26 which extend (e.g. at 20, 21, 22, 30) beyond the resonator. Leads are connected to the extensions of the electrodes. The resonator may be of the tuning-fork flexural type with two or three tines and Figs. 1, 2 show a typical electrode pattern. It may be made of quartz, barium titanate lithium niobate or lead zirconate. The ends of the tines 11, 12 may carry loading material 24, 25. The adhesive 32 may be raw rubber. The resonator is suitable for use in a timepiece.

Temperature-Stabilised Crystal-Controlled Oscillators

... 1,181,932. Transistor oscillating circuits. EBAUCHES S.A. 29 March, 1968 [29 April, 1967; 29 Feb., 1968], No. 15409/68. Heading H3T. A temperature-stabilized crystal-controlled oscillator CP is characterized in that its circuit incorporates a variable capacitative element, constituted by a fixed capacitance C and a variable-gain amplifying network, the latter itself constituted by a fixed gain amplifier and a variable attenuator, the variable attenuator being constituted by a network of fixed resistors R and thermistors r N , all in such a fashion that the oscillator is at least partially temperaturestabilized. Various attenuator networks are disclosed in the Specification (Figs. 8-12, not shown) using thermistors with both positive and negative temperature coefficients to obtain various temperature compensation curves. An alternative circuit is also disclosed in which the variable attenuator is placed between two transistor amplifying stages with overall feedback via the fixed capacitor ...

ARRANGEMENT FOR KEEPING CONSTANT THE FREQUENCY OF A VIBRATING CRYSTAL

... 1435665 Automatic control of temperature ITT INDUSTRIES Inc 18 July 1974 [24 July 1973] 31851/74 Heading G3R [Also in Division H1] To stabilize the temperature of a crystal vibrator, a semi-conductor device in direct contact with the vibrator produces heat when too cold or alternatively absorbs heat when too warm. The device, carrying a vibrator such as a crystal tuning fork Fig. 1 (not shown) hermetically sealed under a cover on a preferably thermally insulated base may comprise a transistor or diode as heater or a Peltier cooler. For compactness the device and its controller, optionally together with the oscillator circuit, may comprise an integrated circuit chip. On chip 11 heater transistor 12 and control transistor 13 share a common collector substrate carrying separate base areas themselves carrying separate emitters; 12 is a heavy current transistor designed for avalanche breakdown to a high collector current condition when its emitter a base voltage is sufficiently highly reverse ...

IGNITION TIMING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Head mounted timer

A timing device 11 is adapted for mounting on a human head 10, and has an audio output 19 for transmitting timing information to the human ear. The device is typically attached to a headband 12 for a swimmer. Preferably, the timing device is in the form of a clip with hinged parts connectable to the headband and can provide the swimmer with the usual timing related training information.

Ring oscillator clock

An semiconductor integrated circuit comprises a ring oscillator 102 that produces periodic pulses. A controller uses the pulses as clock pulses to determine time. The ring oscillator may be calibrated by pulses from a crystal clock. The semiconductor integrated circuit may have a timing circuit such as resonant crystal. The circuit may be used in a mobile phone 100 or a television signal receiver.

Radioactive timekeeping

TIMING THE SENSING OF A MOVING BODY

Improvements in or relating to time delay generator circuits

... 1,037,532. Pulse delaying circuits. SPACE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES Inc. Feb. 20, 1963 [Feb. 20, 1962], No. 6868/63. Heading H3P. A pulse-delaying circuit comprises an adjustable resonant circuit arranged to have a first natural frequency during a first half-cycle of oscillation and a higher natural frequency during subsequent half-cycles. As shown in Fig. 1, capacitors 38a, 36 are normally charged from a source 20 via resistor 18. When thyratron 12 is fired by a pulse 24, capacitor 38a discharges resonantly via inductor 40a and thyratron 50. At the end of the first half-cycle, thyratron 50 becomes non-conductive, hence the discharge continues at a higher frequency determined by the series combination of the thyratron capacitance 64 and capacitor 38a. The circuit 36, 34 has a long time constant so that the discharge current of capacitor 36 via thyratron 12 provides a bias which allows thyratron 12 to pass the negative half-cycles of the higher frequency oscillatory current. The leading edge ...

Low-power oscillator

ANALOG ELECTRONIC TIMEPIECE

ELECTRONIC TIMER OSCILLATOR

An oscillator

Musical ryhthm indicator

A teaching aid for musicians has a circular disc (26) eccentrically mounted on a motor-driven shaft (24) which is rotatable at a constant, selected speed. The peripheral edge (28) of the disc (26) is eccentrically disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft (24) and portions of that edge provide a visual indication of musical rhythm or tempo as the disc rotates. A sounding device (50) is associated with the disc to beat out time and augment the visual indication of tempo with an audible, repetitive sound. As shown the sounding device (50) is a bell which is adjustable in position so that, if desired, it is hit by a striker (54) at each rotation of the disc. ...

Quartz crystal resonator

Improvements in and relating to a metronme device

An electronic timepiece having time of day and stop-watch functions, is operable also as a metronome, e.g. for pace setting of repetitive movements. The timepiece comprises a crystal controlled oscillator 12 and frequency divider 14. Timing pulses therefrom are counted in a counter 16 and a sound emitter 30 is actuated to produce a pulse each time the counter 16 has counted to a selectable pre-set number, the counter then being reset automatically so as to repeat its counting. The number pre-set determines the sound pulse rate and can be entered via a keyboard 32. Preferably a memory 26 is provided so that the metronome feature can be arranged to give sound pulses at one rate for one period of time followed by sound pulses at a different rate for another period of time. The timepiece also preferably includes a calculator function so that total time, total number of strides, and when fed with stride length, total distance run during an exercise can be computed. ...

PIEZO-ELECTRIC OSCILLATORS

... 1348501 Electric watches JUNGHANS GmbH Gebr 19 April 1971 [27 Feb 1970] 20629/71 Heading G3T [Also in Division H1] A Piezo-electric tuning fork, possibly of quartz, and intended for use in watches has its arms 11, 12, mechanically decoupled from its mounting 15 by narrow portion 13e and an elastic member 14. Member 14 may be T-shaped, in the form of a simple plate (41) Fig.4 (not shown) inserted into a slot in the base of the fork, or in the form of two parallel plates (30), (31) Fig. 3 (not shown). Narrow portion 13e also reduces the effect of leads 20, 21 on the resonant frequency. Member 14 is preferably more resilient than portion 13e and arranged in such a way that it is considerably more resilient than portion 13e in the direction of oscillation of the arms i.e. along Z, Fig.2. The resiliency of member 14 should normally be comparatively small in the direction X, Fig.2, perpendicular to the direction of oscillation. Electrodes 16-19 and 24 are formed by vapour deposition through a ...

Improvements in circuit interrupting devices particularly applicable for telephone systems

SYNCHRONIZED WATCH

A TIMER

Vacuum chamber, parts therefor and method for manufacturing the same

A vacuum chamber comprises a vacuum chamber wall 2 having an aperture 6 and a electromagnetic radiation transmissive window 4 positioned in the aperture. The window has an external face 12 external to the chamber and an internal face 13 internal to the chamber, the external face having a larger area than the internal face. A peripheral surface 14 of the window is inclined relative to the normal to the plane of the internal and external faces, with a vacuum seal between the window and the wall at the inclined peripheral surface. The window may be sealed to the wall by a joint formed by soldering, brazing or a solid-liquid interdiffusion (SLID) process. The chamber wall may comprise a member that projects from a tubular wall (Figs. 2-4), the member having a surface substantially parallel to the inclined surface of the chamber wall. The member may be flexible to mitigate stress due to thermal expansion. The chamber preferably has a vacuum pressure of lower than or equal to 10-8 mbar. Also ...

OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT INCLUDING A QUARTZ CRYSTAL OPERATING IN PARALLEL RESONANCE

... 1,243,127. F.E.T. crystal oscillators. SOC. SUISSE POUR L'INDUSTRIE HORLOGERE S.A. 22 Oct., 1969 [23 Oct., 1968], No. 51851/69. Heading H3T. [Also in Division G3] An oscillator has a quartz crystal Q operating in parallel resonance, an insulated gate F.E.T. T 1 as the active component of the oscillator, a further insulated gate F.E.T. T 2 in series with F.E.T. T 1 and a voltage source R 3 , C 3 , T 3 for controlling F.E.T. T 2 by a direct voltage sufficient to operate the F.E.T. T 2 in current saturation. The voltage controlling T 2 may be from a tapping on a potential divider R 3 (R 4 , Fig. 2, not shown), or may be controlled by an insulated gate F.E.T. T 3 which acts to decrease the current through T 2 with increasing output amplitude so as to stabilize the oscillator. T 3 acts to rectify the output signal derived from C 3 and C 4 , which is clamped by diode D. Transistor T 3 together with R 3 and C 5 provide a direct voltage control signal to T 2 . The frequency of the oscillator may ...

MULIPLE RESONATOR OR FILTER VIBRATING IN A COUPLED MODE

ELECTRONIC TIMEPIECE

PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL CONTROLLED TIMEPIECES

TUNING FORK TYPE PIEZO-ELECTRIC VIBRATOR

ELECTRONIC TIMEPIECE

... 1494973 Electronic timepieces CITIZEN WATCH CO Ltd 3 March 1976 [ 31 March 1975] 08516/76 Heading G3T The oscillator circuit Fig. 3 in an electronic timepiece includes capacitors formed in an MOS chip as illustrated Fig. 2, and having respective electrodes 5a to 5d and a common electrode 5z on the under surface of the chip. The common electrode is bonded to a printed circuit conductor 6 by a conductive material while selected ones or all of the electrodes 5a to Sd are connected by wires 9 to the printed circuit. For coarse adjustment of the frequency a capacitor may be disconnected either by interrupting a wire 9 or the respective printed circuit lead. Alternatively the printed circuit leads may have gaps which may be bridged by solder to connect a capacitor in the circuit as in Fig. 10 (not shown). The wires 9 may be embedded in resin Fig. 6 (not shown). Fine frequency adjustment is by means of a trimmer capacitor 3.

METHOD OF MAKING A PIEZO ELECTRIC VIBRATOR

PIEZO-ELECTRIC TUNING FORKS

... 1330431 Piezoelectric driven mechanical resonator DORSET ELECTRONICS Ltd 8 March 1972 [8 March 1971] 6256/71 Heading H3U A mechanical resonator comprises equal width strips 1, 2, 3 of nickel alloy or mild steel silver soldered or resistance brazed together, after cleaning with acid, or by abrading, by passing current through carbon tipped electrodes (6), Fig. 4 (not shown), solder being applied before or during heating. Piezoelectric generators 4, 5 each comprise piezo wafers sandwiched between silver electrodes fixed to the tines 1, 2 by epoxy resin glue, or soldered using a heated bar between the tines. Contact 9 provides a support for the resonator, being soldered thereto, contacts 10 and 11 being connected by leads soldered to the generators 4, 5 or fixed to them using conductive adhesive. Dimensions of typical resonators are given.

VORRICHTUNG ZUM SORTIEREN VON STABFORMIGEN, AUS EINEM MAGNETISCHEN WERKSTOFF BESTEHENDEN, VORABGEGLICHENEN MECHANISCHEN RESONATOREN NACH IHRER EIGENFREQUENZ

Method and apparatus for generating a reference frequency

Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Referenzfrequenz Df. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Verwendung eines ersten optischen Resonators (3a; 24) und eines zweiten optischen Resonators (25) vorgesehen, wobei wobei der erste Resonator (3a; 24) eine erste Resonatormode mit einer ersten Frequenz f1 aufweist und der zweite Resonator (25) eine zweite Resonatormode mit einer zweiten Frequenz f2, wobei die Frequenzen der beiden Resonatormoden Funktionen eines Betriebsparameters BP sind und die Werte f1 und f2 bei einem vorgegeben Wert BP0 des Betriebsparameters annehmen, sodass f1(BP0)=f1 und f2(BP0)=f2 gilt, wobei die Resonatoren (3a; 24, 25) so ausgelegt werden, dass die erste Ableitung der Frequenzen f1(BP), f2(BP) nach BP oder zumindest ein Differenzenquotient rund um BP0 bis auf eine Abweichung von maximal ±0,1% übereinstimmen, wobei Licht der ersten Frequenz f1 mittels des ersten Resonators auf die erste Frequenz f1 stabilisiert wird und Licht der zweiten Frequenz f2 mittels des zweiten Resonators auf die ...

DEVICE WITH ENVIRONMENT MAGNETIC FIELD CORRECTION

BLOCKING MECHANISM FOR MODULE OF A UHRWERKSANTRIEBS

COLD ATOMIC ATOMIC CLOCK

DEVICE FOR SORTING STABFORMIGEN, FROM A MAGNETIC MATERIAL EXISTENCE, VORABGEGLICHENEN MECHANICAL RESONATORS ACCORDING TO YOUR NATURAL FREQUENCY

MASTER CLOCK FOR CIRCLE TRAINING

PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATOR WITH SMALL DIMENSIONS

SONNENUHR

PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATOR

REFERENCE TIME DEVICE WITH CONSTANT STABILITY FOR SHORT AND LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS.

PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATOR.

METRONOMI SIGNAL GENERATOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE INDICATION OF SPEED.

Electronic switching configuration, in particular for integrated circuits, with at least a bistabile multivibrator

PIEZOELEKTRISCHER RESONATOR

Electronic watch

Quartz clock

Device for time measurement and impulse delivery with so-called drop number apparatuses

Oscillator, in particular quartz oscillator with temperature compensation

HEART PACER TIMING CIRCUIT

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMPROVED CRYSTAL TIME REFERENCE

Controlling oscillators

This disclosure relates to controlling an oscillator based on a measurement of a frequency reference. A controller determines a control value to control the oscillator based on multiple error values. Each error value is indicative of a measurement of a frequency difference between the oscillator and a frequency reference over a period of time. The determination of the error value is further based on an application time value indicative of a time of application of the control value to the oscillator. Since the control value is based on the application time the controller can compensate for inaccuracies arising from both evolution of the oscillator between measurements and applying the correction at a later time after the measurement. Further, since the multiple error values represent a frequency difference over different periods of time, the controller can compensate for wide range of statistical effects. 112 'N |1 01 108 104 data Fig. 1a Signal12 Local(efereabc) (stable) LInteraction Correction ...

DEVICE FOR THE ACOUSTIC INDICATION OF THE BEATS OF A MUSICAL TIME

RUGGED QUARTZ CLOCK

DEVICE FOR SETTING AN ELECTRONIC TIMEPIECE

SPEED INDEPENDENT SYSTEM FOR OBTAINING PRESELECTED NUMBERS OF SAMPLES FROM OBJECT MOVING ALONG FIXED PATH

SPEED INDEPENDENT SYSTEM FOR OBTAINING PRESELECTED NUMBERS OF SAMPLES FROM OBJECT MOVING ALONG FIXED PATH A speed independent system for obtaining a preselected number of samples from an object moving along a fixed path, such as a railroad train passing through a sensing zone along the section of track. The sensing zone is defined by a pair of wheel sensors. Upstream of the sensing zone a third sensor is positioned. The distance between the third sensor and the closer of the pair of sensors comprises a reference distance which is the length of the sensing zone multiplied by a known multiple. The time for the train to pass through the reference distance is obtained and then divided by a divisor comprising the product of the known multiple and the desired number of samples to obtain a single interval. During the time the train passes through the sensing zone consecutive intervals are counted off to obtain the desired number of samples.

MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUIT

ELECTRONIC METRONOME

APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF FREQUENCY OF MECHANICAL RESONATORS

Apparatus for the automatic adjustment of the resonant frequency of magnetic mechanical resonators, in which conveyor means are provided to feed a plurality of resonators step by step through a demagnetization station and a magnetization station to a final measurement and processing station in which the resonant frequency is monitored whilst material is removed by using a sand-blasting process, the final output of the conveyor being to a selected ejection stage determined by the tuning accuracy achieved in each case.

CIRCUIT WITH LOW POWER DISSIPATION

LOW VOLTAGE CMOS AMPLIFIER

ELECTRONIC WRIST WATCH

ATOMIC CLOCK BASED ON AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR

Opto-electronic oscillators (100) having frequency locking mechanism to stabilize the oscillation frequency of the oscillators to an atomic frequency reference (130). Whispering gallery mode optical resonators may be used in such oscillators to form compact atomic clocks.

ADJUSTABLE NUCLEAR PULSE GENERATOR

MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUIT

ATOMIC CLOCK BASED ON AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR

Opto-electronic oscillators (100) having frequency locking mechanism to stabilize the oscillation frequency of the oscillators to an atomic frequency reference (130). Whispering gallery mode optical resonators may be used in such oscillators to form compact atomic clocks.

REVERSIBLE ALKALI BEAM CELL

One embodiment of the invention includes an alkali beam cell system that comprises a reversible alkali beam cell. The reversible alkali beam cell includes a first chamber configured as a reservoir chamber that is configured to evaporate an alkali metal during a first time period and as a detection chamber that is configured to collect the evaporated alkali metal during a second time period. The reversible alkali beam cell also includes a second chamber configured as the detection chamber during the first time period and as the reservoir chamber during the second time period. The reversible alkali beam cell further includes an aperture interconnecting the first and second chambers and through which the alkali metal is allowed to diffuse.

ATOMIC FREQUENCY STANDARD CELL AND METHOD FOR FORMING SAME

An atomic frequency standard cell having low helium permeability includes first and second windows sealed by fusible annular gaskets to sealing surfaces defined by a tubular cylindrical body. One of the windows defines an opening, and a fill tube is sealed to the window adjacent the opening by a tube gasket. The gaskets are made of a lower softening point glass such as borosilicate glass, and the body, windows and fill tube are formed of a higher softening point glass such as aluminosilicate glass. The assembly is sealed together by heating it to a temperature that causes the gaskets to fuse and seal the adjacent components together.

ГРУППОВОЙ ХРАНИТЕЛЬ ЧАСТОТЫ

Групповой хранитель частоты, содержащий n идентичных (где n изменяется от 3 до 8), работающих одновременно каналов, каждый из которых включает хранитель частоты и коммутатор, измерительную систему, сигнальные входы которой соединены с выходами хранителей частоты, отличающийся тем, что в него введены персональная электронная вычислительная машина (ПЭВМ) и сумматор синусоидальных напряжений, причем один информационный вход ПЭВМ соединен с информационным выходом измерительной системы, а второй - с информационными выходами каждого из хранителей частоты, первый управляющий выход ПЭВМ соединен с управляющим входом измерительной системы, второй - с управляющими входами каждого из хранителей частоты, третий - с управляющими входами каждого из коммутаторов, выходы коммутаторов соединены с входами сумматора синусоидальных напряжений, выход которого, являющийся выходом группового хранителя частоты, соединен с (n+1)-м сигнальным входом измерительной системы. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 49 293 (13) U1 (51) МПК G04F 5/00 (2000.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2005115733/22 , 23.05.2005 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 23.05.2005 (45) Опубликовано: 10.11.2005 4 9 2 9 3 R U Формула полезной модели Групповой хранитель частоты, содержащий n идентичных (где n изменяется от 3 до 8), работающих одновременно каналов, каждый из которых включает хранитель частоты и коммутатор, измерительную систему, сигнальные входы которой соединены с выходами хранителей частоты, отличающийся тем, что в него введены персональная электронная вычислительная машина (ПЭВМ) и сумматор синусоидальных напряжений, причем один информационный вход ПЭВМ соединен с информационным выходом измерительной системы, а второй - с информационными выходами каждого из хранителей частоты, первый управляющий выход ПЭВМ соединен с управляющим входом измерительной системы, второй - с управляющими ...

ЦИФРОВОЙ ТАЙМЕР С ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ КОРРЕКЦИЕЙ ТОЧНОСТИ ВРЕМЕННОЙ УСТАВКИ

1. Цифровой таймер с периодической коррекцией точности временной уставки, содержащий опорный генератор, выход которого подключен к первому входу делителя частоты, отличающийся тем, что в него введены дополнительно термостатированный кварцевый генератор, вход которого соединен с первым выходом ключа, а выход термостатированного кварцевого генератора подключен к входу счетчика эталонного счета, триггер, первый вход которого соединен с выходом эталонного счетчика, а второй вход подключен к первому выходу делителя частоты, выход триггера соединен со вторым входом счетчика контрольного счета, первый вход счетчика контрольного счета подключен к выходу опорного генератора, а выход счетчика контрольного счета соединен со вторым входом делителя частоты, второй выход делителя частоты соединен с входом счетчика временной уставки, выход которого является выходом таймера. 2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что делитель частоты выполнен на счетчике ИЕ 10 564 серии. 3. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что счетчик временной уставки выполнен на счетчике ИЕ 10 564 серии. 4. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что ключ выполнен на КТ 3 564 серии. 5. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что эталонный счетчик выполнен на счетчике ИЕ 10 564 серии. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 72 104 (13) U1 (51) МПК H03L 7/00 (2006.01) G04F 5/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2007120716/22 , 04.06.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 04.06.2007 (45) Опубликовано: 27.03.2008 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Общевойсковая академия ВС РФ (RU) Ñòðàíèöà: 1 U 1 7 2 1 0 4 R U U 1 Формула полезной модели 1. Цифровой таймер с периодической коррекцией точности временной уставки, содержащий опорный генератор, выход которого подключен к первому входу делителя частоты, отличающийся тем, что в него введены дополнительно термостатированный кварцевый генератор, вход которого ...

БЛОК БОРТОВОГО СТАНДАРТА ВРЕМЕНИ И ЧАСТОТЫ

Блок бортового стандарта времени и частоты, содержащий ячейку вторичного питания (ВП), ячейку задающего генератора (ЗГ), ячейку выдачи частоты (ВЧ), ячейку выходных формирователей (ВФ) и ячейку периферийного контроллера обмена, отличающийся тем, что функции двух ячеек (ЗГ и ВЧ) конструктивно реализованы единой схемой в одной ячейке. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 108 866 (13) U1 (51) МПК G04F 5/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2011117135/28, 04.05.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 04.05.2011 (45) Опубликовано: 27.09.2011 1 0 8 8 6 6 R U Формула полезной модели Блок бортового стандарта времени и частоты, содержащий ячейку вторичного питания (ВП), ячейку задающего генератора (ЗГ), ячейку выдачи частоты (ВЧ), ячейку выходных формирователей (ВФ) и ячейку периферийного контроллера обмена, отличающийся тем, что функции двух ячеек (ЗГ и ВЧ) конструктивно реализованы единой схемой в одной ячейке. Ñòðàíèöà: 1 ru CL U 1 U 1 (54) БЛОК БОРТОВОГО СТАНДАРТА ВРЕМЕНИ И ЧАСТОТЫ 1 0 8 8 6 6 Адрес для переписки: 124460, Москва, Зеленоград, 4-й Западный прд, 8, стр.2, Филиал Государственного научнопроизводственного ракетно-космического центра "ЦСКБ ПРОГРЕСС" Научнопроизводственное предприятие "ОПТЭКС" (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Государственный научнопроизведственный ракетно-космический центр "ЦСКБ ПРОГРЕСС" (ФГУП ГНПРКЦ "ЦСКБ-ПРОГРЕСС") (RU) R U Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 04.05.2011 (72) Автор(ы): Шнитникова Марина Григорьевна (RU), Сапрунов Борис Иванович (RU), Кирюшкин Илья Сергеевич (RU) U 1 U 1 1 0 8 8 6 6 1 0 8 8 6 6 R U R U Ñòðàíèöà: 2 RU 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 108 866 U1 Полезная модель относится к области приборостроения и измерительной техники и предназначена для формирования и выдачи потребителям высокостабильных меток времени на космических аппаратах (КА) различного ...

СИНТЕЗАТОР ИНТЕРВАЛОВ ВРЕМЕНИ

1. Синтезатор интервалов времени (СИВ), содержащий последовательно соединенные опорный генератор 5 МГц и обнаружитель внешнего опорного сигнала, первый вход которого соединен с выходом «ВНУТР» внутренней опорной частоты СИВ, а второй вход которого является входом «ВНЕШ» внешней опорной частоты СИВ; последовательно соединенные формирователь временных интервалов (ФВИ), микроконтроллер и интерфейс КОП, второй вход/выход которого является входом/выходом «КОП» СИВ, второй, третий, четвертый и пятый выходы ФВИ являются соответственно выходами импульсных последовательностей «τ», «τ+τ», «τ», «τ»; устройство клавиатуры и индикации, вход/выход которого соединен со вторым входом/выходом микроконтроллера, отличающийся тем, что в него введены последовательно соединенные синтезатор частоты 1, делитель частоты на 101 и синтезатор частоты 2, выход которого 99,(0099) МГц соединен со вторым входом ФВИ, третий вход которого соединен с выходом 100 МГц синтезатора частоты 1, вход которого соединен с выходом обнаружителя внешнего опорного сигнала. 2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что синтезатор частоты 1 (7), делитель частоты на 101 (9) и синтезатор частоты 2 (8) выполнены на одной программируемой логической интегральной схеме (ПЛИС) XC3S200-4PQ208I (фирма «XILINX», США). РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК G04F 5/00 (13) 126 153 U1 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012101645/28, 17.01.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 17.01.2012 (72) Автор(ы): Акулов Виктор Васильевич (RU), Новожилов Роман Николаевич (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 20.03.2013 Бюл. № 8 1 2 6 1 5 3 R U Формула полезной модели 1. Синтезатор интервалов времени (СИВ), содержащий последовательно соединенные опорный генератор 5 МГц и обнаружитель внешнего опорного сигнала, первый вход которого соединен с выходом «ВНУТР» внутренней опорной частоты СИВ, а второй вход которого является входом «ВНЕШ» внешней опорной ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВРЕМЕННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ РАБОТЫ ЭЛЕКТРОКЛАПАНОВ

Устройство для определения временных параметров работы электроклапанов электротехнических устройств, предназначенных для применения в пневмо и гидросистемах АТС, содержащее по меньшей мере один измерительный элемент и устройство обработки измеряемой информации, отличающееся тем, что измерительный элемент выполнен в виде пьезокерамического акселерометра и установлен на каждом электротехническом устройстве, содержащем электроклапан, с осуществлением жесткого механического контакта с корпусом электротехнического устройства, а устройство обработки измеряемой информации, выполняющее функцию по определению времени срабатывания электроклапанов, электрически соединено с устройством формирования управляющих импульсов для электротехнических устройств, содержащих электроклапаны, а также с измерительным элементом. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 137 131 U1 (51) МПК G04F 5/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2013113788/28, 27.03.2013 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 27.03.2013 Адрес для переписки: 445677, Самарская обл., г. Тольятти, ул. Гагарина, 4, ГОУ ВПО "Поволжский государственный университет сервиса", профессору Горшкову Б.М. 1 3 7 1 3 1 R U Формула полезной модели Устройство для определения временных параметров работы электроклапанов электротехнических устройств, предназначенных для применения в пневмо и гидросистемах АТС, содержащее по меньшей мере один измерительный элемент и устройство обработки измеряемой информации, отличающееся тем, что измерительный элемент выполнен в виде пьезокерамического акселерометра и установлен на каждом электротехническом устройстве, содержащем электроклапан, с осуществлением жесткого механического контакта с корпусом электротехнического устройства, а устройство обработки измеряемой информации, выполняющее функцию по определению времени срабатывания электроклапанов, электрически соединено с устройством формирования управляющих ...

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ЗАПОЛНЕНИЯ ЯЧЕЕК ЩЕЛОЧНЫМ МЕТАЛЛОМ

1. Установка для заполнения ячеек щелочным металлом, включающая вакуумную камеру, отделенную затвором от вакуумированного отсека для размещения дозатора и устройства для его вскрытия, механизм доставки дозатора из отсека для размещения дозатора в вакуумную камеру, вакуумные насосы, отличающаяся тем, что установка дополнительно содержит лазерную систему, а вакуумная камера содержит карусель с гнездами для ячеек, нагреватель ячеек, механизм укладки крышек, смотровое окно, прозрачное для лазерного излучения окно, приводы для вращения ячеек и поворота карусели, натекатели для ввода в вакуумную камеру инертных газов и расположенные вне вакуумной камеры резервуары инертных газов. 2. Установка по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что лазерная система содержит СО-лазер, лазер-гид, смесительное зеркало, отражающее зеркало и фокусирующую линзу. 3. Установка по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что дозатор выполнен в виде стеклянной ампулы с капиллярным выходом и круговой насечкой в месте вскрытия. 4. Установка по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что устройство для вскрытия дозатора выполнено в виде упора. 5. Установка по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что в качестве затвора используют шиберный затвор. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 140 986 U1 ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ИЗВЕЩЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ НА ПОЛЕЗНУЮ МОДЕЛЬ QC9K Государственная регистрация прекращения предоставления права использования по договору Дата и номер государственной регистрации прекращаемого предоставления права использования: 04.10.2016 РД0207447 Лицо(а), предоставляющее(ие) право использования: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Атомикс" (RU) Дата и номер государственной регистрации прекращения предоставления права использования: 31.05.2019 РД0296904 Дата внесения записи в Государственный реестр: 31.05.2019 Дата публикации и номер бюллетеня: 31.05.2019 Бюл. №16 1 4 0 9 8 6 Лицо(а), которому(ым) предоставлено право использования: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ИНЛАЙФ" (RU) R U Вид договора: ...

ФОРМИРОВАТЕЛЬ ИНТЕРВАЛОВ ВРЕМЕНИ

1. Формирователь интервалов времени, включающий устройство для измерения фазовых соотношений сигналов, на первый вход которого подается опорный сигнал, формирователь сигналов основной шкалы времени, формирователь сигналов вспомогательной шкалы времени, два управляемых кварцевых генератора, управляющий вход каждого из которых подключен соответственно к первому и второму выходу устройства для измерения фазовых соотношений сигналов, первые выходы кварцевых генераторов соединены соответственно со вторым и третьим входом устройства для измерения фазовых соотношений сигналов, а вторые выходы кварцевых генераторов подключены ко входу соответствующих формирователей сигналов шкал времени, отличающийся тем, что устройство для измерения фазовых соотношений сигналов выполнено в виде двухканального частотного компаратора, выходы которого подключены к управляющим входам соответствующих кварцевых генераторов одинаковой частоты через дополнительно введенную цепочку из последовательно соединенных процессора фазовой автоподстройки частоты и цифроаналогового преобразователя. 2. Формирователь интервалов времени по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что он содержит формирователь сетки частот, на вход которого подается сигнал 100 МГц с выхода формирователя основной шкалы времени. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК G04F 5/00 (13) 163 513 U1 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2016104591/28, 10.02.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 10.02.2016 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЗАКРЫТОЕ АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО "ВРЕМЯ-Ч" (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 20.07.2016 U 1 1 6 3 5 1 3 R U Стр.: 1 U 1 (54) ФОРМИРОВАТЕЛЬ ИНТЕРВАЛОВ ВРЕМЕНИ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к вспомогательной ШВ 5 соответственно. Входы радиоизмерительной технике, а именно к области управления частотой кварцевых генераторов 2 и формирования регулируемых по длительности 3 подключены к выходам процессоров ФАПЧ 6 импульсов и может быть ...

СТРУЙНОЕ РЕЛЕ ВРЕМЕНИ

Полезная модель относится к техническим средствам автоматизации и может быть использована в пневматических системах автоматического управления. Струйное реле времени содержит входной канал, настроечный дроссель и емкость, разделенную стенкой с отверстием на верхнюю часть, в которой расположена рабочая мембрана, и нижнюю часть, в которой расположена вспомогательная мембрана, струйный дискретный моностабильный элемент с сообщающимися через постоянный дроссель каналами питания и управления, канал управления связан с соплом, расположенным перпендикулярно рабочей мембране, причем срез сопла сообщается с камерой, расположенной над рабочей мембраной. В камере, расположенной над рабочей мембраной, выполнено отверстие, связывающее полость этой камеры с атмосферой, а канал питания струйного дискретного моностабильного элемента связан с источником давления, величина которого больше минимально допустимой величины давления питания струйного дискретного моностабильного элемента. Техническим результатом является расширение области применения и повышение точности работы. 1 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 168 642 U1 (51) МПК G04F 5/12 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016140064, 11.10.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 11.10.2016 Дата регистрации: Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 11.10.2016 (45) Опубликовано: 13.02.2017 Бюл. № 5 U 1 R U Стр.: 1 189234 А, 17.11.1966. US 3786836 А, 22.01.1974. US 2760511 А, 04.03.1953. перпендикулярно рабочей мембране, причем срез сопла сообщается с камерой, расположенной над рабочей мембраной. В камере, расположенной над рабочей мембраной, выполнено отверстие, связывающее полость этой камеры с атмосферой, а канал питания струйного дискретного моностабильного элемента связан с источником давления, величина которого больше минимально допустимой величины давления питания струйного дискретного моностабильного элемента. Техническим ...

Малогабаритная атомная ячейка

Заявленная полезная модель относится к малогабаритным атомным ячейкам и может быть использована при изготовлении квантовых приборов различного применения. Технической проблемой заявленной полезной модели является попадание вредных примесей в объем ячейки при ее герметизации. Технический результат заключаются в повышении качества и воспроизводимости характеристик ячеек. Указанный технический результат обеспечивается благодаря малогабаритной атомной ячейке, содержащей стеклянный корпус цилиндрической формы. При этом цилиндрическая стенка малогабаритной атомной ячейки содержит отверстие для загрузки щелочного металла, смещенное к одному из рабочих торцов, и для напуска буферных газов малогабаритная атомная ячейка содержит второе отверстие, диаметр которого меньше диаметра первого отверстия. При этом корпус имеет длину 15 мм, диаметр 8 мм и толщину стенки 0,7 мм. Дополнительная особенность заключается в том, что диаметры отверстий выбраны таким образом, что под воздействием излучения СO-лазера отверстия самозатягиваются. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 187 339 U1 (51) МПК C03B 23/20 (2006.01) G04F 5/14 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C03B 23/20 (2018.08); G04F 5/14 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018115778, 26.04.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 01.03.2019 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2554358 C1, 27.06.2015. RU (45) Опубликовано: 01.03.2019 Бюл. № 7 1 8 7 3 3 9 R U (54) Малогабаритная атомная ячейка (57) Реферат: Заявленная полезная модель относится к малогабаритным атомным ячейкам и может быть использована при изготовлении квантовых приборов различного применения. Технической проблемой заявленной полезной модели является попадание вредных примесей в объем ячейки при ее герметизации. Технический результат заключаются в повышении качества и воспроизводимости характеристик ячеек. Указанный технический ...

Atomic oscillator

An atomic oscillator includes: a gas cell in which a gaseous metal atom is sealed; heating units heating the gas cell to a predetermined temperature and being a first heater and a second heater; a light source of exciting light exciting the metal atom in the gas cell; a light detecting unit detecting the exciting light which has passed through the gas cell; a substrate including at least a temperature controlling circuit for the heating units; a first heater wiring coupling the first heater and the substrate; a second heater wiring coupling the second heater and the substrate; and a third heater wiring coupling the first heater and the second heater.

Distribution system for optical reference

A system for distributing a reference oscillator signal includes a clock having a reference oscillator and a femtosecond laser stabilized by the reference oscillator. The system also includes at least one beamsplitter configured to split the femtosecond laser. The system further includes one or more remote nodes that are spaced from the clock. The remote nodes are configured to generate reference signals based on the split femtosecond laser.

Devices and methods for loss-in-weight ingredient addition

Dispensing systems and methods contemplated herein are configured to adjust a first continuous product flow rate to a second continuous but variable flow rate in at least two control modes. Most preferably, a moving average is determined for the second flow rate to provide a first level of control, and a loss-in-weight feedback is determined for the first flow rate to provide a second, finer level of control, which will be abandoned when the feedback moves beyond a predetermined threshold relative to a calculated product flow rate.

Systems and methods for a nanofabricated optical circular polarizer

System and methods for a nanofabricated optical circular polarizer are provided. In one embodiment, a nanofabricated circular polarizer comprises a quarter wave plate; and a linear polarizer formed on a surface of the quarter wave plate.

Micro-scale System to Provide Thermal Isolation and Electrical Communication Between Substrates

An apparatus includes a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) alkali vapor cell seated on a silicon substrate that is suspended in a package by a metalized Parylene strap having Parylene anchors embedded in a silicon frame, the Parylene strap comprising an extended rigidizing structure, and a plurality of electrical pins extending into an interior of the package, the plurality of electrical pins in electrical communication with the CSAC cell through the metalized Parylene strap, where the CSAC cell is mechanically connected to the package and thermally insulated from the package.

Folded optics for batch fabricated atomic sensor

System and methods for a vacuum cell apparatus for an atomic sensor are provided. In at least one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a cell wall encircling an enclosed volume, the cell wall having a first open end and a second open end opposite from the first open end and a first panel over the first open end of the cell wall and having a first surface, the first surface facing the enclosed volume and having a first set of diffractive optics therein. Further, the apparatus comprises a second panel over the second open end of the cell wall and having a second surface, the second surface facing the enclosed volume and having a second set of diffractive optics therein; wherein the first set of diffractive optics and the second of diffractive optics are configured to reflect at least one optical beam within the enclosed volume along a predetermined optical path.

VAPOR CELL ATOMIC CLOCK PHYSICS PACKAGE

In an example, a chip-scale atomic clock physics package is provided. The physics package includes a body defining a cavity having a base surface and one or more side walls. The cavity includes a first step surface and a second step surface defined in the one or more side walls. A first scaffold mounted to the base surface in the cavity. One or more spacers defining an aperture therethrough are mounted to the second step surface in the cavity. A second scaffold is mounted to a first surface of the one or more spacers spans across the aperture of the one or more spacers. A third scaffold is mounted to a second surface of the one or more spacers in the cavity and spans across the aperture of the one or more spacers. Other components of the physics package are mounted to the first, second, and third scaffold. 1. A chip-scale atomic clock physics package comprising:a body defining a cavity including a base surface and one or more side walls, wherein the cavity includes a first step surface and a second step surface defined in the one or more side walls;a lid covering an open side of the cavity to enclosed a volume defined by the cavity;a first scaffold mounted to the base surface in the cavity;a laser mounted to the first scaffold;one or more conductive pads on the first step surface;one or more wire bonds extending from the first scaffold to the one or more conductive pads, the one or more wire bonds electrically coupling the laser to the one or more conductive pads;one or more interconnects disposed within the body and extending from the one or more conductive pads on the first step surface to one or more external pads on an exterior surface of the body;one or more spacers defining an aperture therethrough, the one or more spacers having a first surface facing the base surface of the cavity and a second surface facing the lid, wherein the first surface of the one or more spacers is mounted to the second step surface in the cavity;a second scaffold mounted to the first ...

ATOMIC CLOCKS AND RELATED METHODS

According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an atomic clock and methods of forming and/or using an atomic clock are disclosed. In one embodiment, an atomic clock includes: a light source configured to illuminate a resonance vapor cell; a narrowband optical filter disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and arranged such that light emitted from the light source passes through the narrowband optical filter and illuminates the resonance vapor cell. The resonance vapor cell is configured to emit a signal corresponding to a hyperfine transition frequency in response to illumination from the light source, and a filter cell is disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and configured to generate optical pumping. An optical detector is configured to detect the emitted signal corresponding to the hyperfine transition frequency. 1. An atomic clock comprising:a light source configured to illuminate a resonance vapor cell;a narrowband optical filter disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and arranged such that light emitted from the light source passes through the narrowband optical filter and illuminates the resonance vapor cell, wherein the resonance vapor cell is configured to emit a signal corresponding to a hyperfine transition frequency in response to illumination from the light source;a filter cell disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and configured to generate optical pumping; andan optical detector configured to detect the emitted signal corresponding to the hyperfine transition frequency.2. The atomic clock of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a light emitting diode configured to illuminate the resonance vapor cell.3. The atomic clock of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a quantum dot laser configured to illuminate the resonance vapor cell.4. The atomic clock of claim 3 , wherein the filter cell is comprised at least partially of Rubidium.5. The ...

Alkali metal vapor cell apparatus and process for making alkali metal vapor cells

Making alkali metal vapor cells includes: providing a preform wafer that includes cell cavities in a cavity layer; providing a sealing wafer having a cover layer and transmission apertures; disposing a deposition assembly on the sealing wafer; disposing an alkali metal precursor in the deposition assembly; disposing the sealing wafer on the preform wafer; aligning the transmission apertures with the cell cavities; subjecting the alkali metal precursor to a reaction stimulus; producing alkali metal vapor in the deposition assembly; communicating the alkali metal vapor to the cell cavities; receiving, in the cell cavities, the alkali metal vapor from the transmission apertures; producing an alkali metal condensate in the cell cavity; moving the sealing wafer such that the cover layer encapsulates the alkali metal condensate in the cell cavities; and bonding the sealing wafer to the preform wafer to make individually sealed alkali metal vapor cells in the preform wafer.

APPARATUS FOR ATOMIC CLOCK, ITS OPERATING METHOD AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD

An apparatus for an atomic clock includes first and second distinctive substrates, each having at least a planar surface substantially parallel therebetween. The apparatus also includes a medium having particles capable of undergoing energetic transition between at least two energy levels, said medium being located in the space defined between the planar surfaces. It further includes a magnetic device arranged to the first substrate and generating at least in the volume of the medium a predetermined static magnetic field B the direction of which is substantially parallel or perpendicular to the planar surfaces and an excitation device arranged to the second substrate and generating an excitation magnetic field H at, at least an excitation frequency, the direction of said excitation magnetic field H in the volume of the medium being substantially orthogonal to said direction of the static magnetic field B. 1. Apparatus for atomic clock comprising:first and second distinctive substrates, each having at least a planar surface substantially parallel therebetween;a medium having particles capable of undergoing energetic transition between at least two energy levels, said medium being located in the space defined between said planar surfaces;a magnetic device arranged to the planar surface of the first substrate and generating at least in the volume of the medium a predetermined static magnetic field B the direction of which is substantially parallel to a reference plane parallel or perpendicular to the planar surfaces;an excitation device arranged to the second substrate and facing the medium, said excitation device generating an excitation magnetic field H at, at least an excitation frequency, the direction of said excitation magnetic field H in the volume of the medium being substantially orthogonal to said direction of the static magnetic field B.2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein it further comprises:a frequency generator generating a tunable frequency, said ...

ATOMIC CLOCK BASE NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR ON-THE-MOVE RADAR, OBFUSCATION, SENSING, AND AD-HOC THIRD PARTY LOCALIZATION

Atomic clocks (at both the receiver and emitter) are used to obfuscate the location of the receiver by providing a different mechanism to synchronize (other than the direct reception). Using this approach, there is no need for the emitter to emit directly to the receiver; only the reflection is necessary, and therefore, the location of the receiver (or receivers) is better obfuscated. Phased antenna arrays are used in RADAR for a variety of applications, including steering of beams and increasing the “aperture” of the antenna for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The relative position of the emitters is known by means of using a Navigation unit. The beam-steering phase shifts are dynamically computed using the position of the emitters, and the atomic clock is used to synchronize the phase shifts. 1. A radar comprising ,two or more platforms;a localization method to know the position of each platform;an atomic clock on each platform;a method for synchronization ofthe atomic clocks;one or more RF emitters installed on the platform(s); andone or more RF receivers installed on platform(s).2. The radar of claim 1 , wherein the RF emitter(s) are on-the-move.3. The radar of claim 1 , wherein or the RF receiver(s) are on-the-move.4. The radar of claim 1 , wherein a combination of RF emitters and RF receivers are moving and/or stationary.5. The radar of claim 1 , whereinthe RF emitter(s) are on-the-move; and/orthe RF receiver(s) are on-the-move; and/ora combination of RF emitters and RF receivers are moving and/or stationary.6. The radar of claim 1 , wherein one or more RF emitters are stationary.7. The radar of claim 1 , wherein one or more RF receivers are stationary.8. The radar of claim 1 , whereinone or more RF emitters are stationary; and/orone or more RF receivers are stationary.9. The radar of claim 8 , wherein for stationary systems claim 8 , no localization method is necessary claim 8 , as the positions are known.10. The radar of claim 1 , whereinthe total time-of- ...

AN ENCLOSURE

An alkali metal vapor enclosure comprising: an internal surface comprising nanostructures; a transmissive portion to enable the internal surface to be illuminated; wherein the enclosure contains atoms of an alkali metal which are in a vapor state and/or adsorbed onto the internal surface; and wherein illumination of the internal surface via the transmissive portion with light having a frequency to cause a temperature rise in the nanostructures by exciting an enhanced optical extinction mechanism in the nanostructures, causes an increase in the density of the alkali metal vapor. 1. An alkali metal vapor enclosure comprising:an internal surface comprising nanostructures;a transmissive portion to enable the internal surface to be illuminated;wherein the enclosure contains atoms of an alkali metal which are in a vapor state and/or adsorbed onto the internal surface; andwherein illumination of the internal surface via the transmissive portion with light having a frequency to cause a temperature rise in the nanostructures by exciting an enhanced optical extinction mechanism in the nanostructures, causes an increase in a density of the alkali metal vapor.2. The alkali metal vapor enclosure according to claim 1 , wherein the enhanced optical extinction mechanism is a resonant absorption or scattering mechanism in the nanostructures.3. The alkali metal vapor enclosure according to claim 2 , wherein the resonant absorption or scattering mechanism is a surface plasmon resonance claim 2 , an interband transition claim 2 , or an intraband transition in the nanostructures.4. The alkali metal vapor enclosure according to claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures are at least partly covered by a polymer layer.5. The alkali metal vapor enclosure according to claim 1 , further comprising an antirelaxation coating on the internal surface.6. The alkali metal vapor enclosure according to wherein the polymer layer comprises an antirelaxation coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).7. The ...

Dynamical locking of optical path times using entangled photons

Systems and methods for dynamic locking of optical path times using entangled photons are provided. A system includes an optical source for generating bi-photons; tracer laser beam sources for generating tracer laser beams; telescopes that emit the tracer laser beams and the bi-photons to remote reflectors, each bi-photon traveling along an optical path in a pair of optical paths toward a corresponding remote reflector, wherein the telescopes receive reflected bi-photons from the remote reflectors; and communication links, wherein the optical source respectively communicates with first and second remote reflectors through a first and second communication link. Also, the optical source uses the tracer laser beams and the communication links to respectively point the bi-photons towards the remote reflectors. Moreover, the system includes an interferometer that provides information regarding detection of the reflected bi-photons, wherein the optical source uses the information to adjust optical path lengths to be substantially equal.

OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK AT OPERATIONAL MAGIC FREQUENCY AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME

An embodiment of an optical lattice clock comprising atoms and a laser light source at an operational magic frequency is provided. The atoms are capable of making a clock transition between two levels of electronic states, and the laser light source generates at least a pair of counterpropagating laser beams, each of which having a lattice-laser intensity I. The pair of counterpropagating laser beams forms an optical lattice potential for trapping the atoms at around antinodes of a standing wave created by it. The operational magic frequency is one of the frequencies that have an effect of making lattice-induced clock shift of the clock transition insensitive to variation ΔI of the lattice-laser intensity I, the lattice-induced clock shift being a shift in a frequency for the clock transition of the atoms caused by the variation ΔI of the lattice-laser intensity I. 1. An optical lattice clock comprising:atoms capable of making a clock transition between two levels of electronic states; anda laser light source at an operational magic frequency for generating at least a pair of counterpropagating laser beams, each of which having a lattice-laser intensity I, wherein the pair of counterpropagating laser beams forms an optical lattice potential for trapping the atoms at around antinodes of a standing electromagnetic wave of the counterpropagating laser beams,wherein the operational magic frequency is a frequency that makes a lattice-induced clock shift of the clock transition insensitive to variation ΔI of the lattice-laser intensity I, while allowing for nonlinear dependence of the lattice-induced clock shift on the lattice-laser intensity I, where the lattice-induced clock shift is a shift in a frequency for the clock transition of the atoms caused by the variation ΔI of the lattice-laser intensity I.2. The optical lattice clock according to claim 1 ,wherein the lattice-induced clock shift is given as a function of the lattice-laser intensity I,{'sub': 'op', 'wherein ...

MULTIPLE-CAVITY VAPOR CELL STRUCTURE FOR MICRO-FABRICATED ATOMIC CLOCKS, MAGNETOMETERS, AND OTHER DEVICES

An apparatus includes a vapor cell having multiple cavities fluidly connected by one or more channels. At least one of the cavities is configured to receive a first material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell. At least one of the cavities is configured to receive a second material able to absorb at least a portion of the one or more gases. The vapor cell could include a first cavity configured to receive the first material and a second cavity fluidly connected to the first cavity by at least one first channel, where the second cavity is configured to receive the gas(es). The vapor cell could also include a third cavity fluidly connected to at least one of the first and second cavities by at least one second channel, where the third cavity is configured to receive the second material. 1. A vapor cell , comprising:a first wafer;a second wafer positioned adjacent to the first wafer, the second wafer defining a first opening, a second opening independent of the first opening, and a third opening independent of the first opening and the second opening; and a first cavity overlapping with the first opening;', 'a second cavity overlapping with the second opening and fluidly connected with the first cavity; and', 'a third cavity overlapping with the third opening and fluidly connected with the second cavity., 'a third wafer arranged with the second wafer and the first wafer to enclose2. The vapor cell of claim 1 , further comprising:a dissociable material deposited in the first cavity, the dissociable material initiated to dissociate a gas to be transferred to the second cavity.3. The vapor cell of claim 2 , wherein the dissociable material is deposited on the first wafer and facing the first cavity.4. The vapor cell of claim 1 , further comprising:a getter material deposited in the third cavity, the getter material configured to absorb a gas transferred to the second cavity.5. The vapor cell of claim 4 , wherein the ...

ANALOG ELECTRONIC TIMEPIECE

To provide an analog electronic timepiece which prevents a crystal oscillation circuit from malfunctioning even if a battery voltage is lowered at motor loading. An analog electronic timepiece is equipped with a crystal vibrator, an oscillation circuit, a frequency division circuit, a constant voltage circuit, an output control circuit, and a motor. The analog electronic timepiece is configured in such a manner that the constant voltage circuit has a voltage holding circuit connected between a gate of an output transistor and a power supply terminal, and the oscillation circuit and the frequency division circuit are operated with a constant voltage generated by the constant voltage circuit as a power supply.

Device, system, and method of frequency generation using an atomic resonator

Some demonstrative embodiments include devices, systems and/or methods of generating a frequency reference using a solid-state atomic resonator formed by a solid-state material including an optical cavity having color centers. A device may include a solid-state atomic clock to generate a clock frequency signal, the solid-state atomic clock including a solid state atomic resonator formed by a solid-state material including au optical cavity having color centers, which are capable of exhibiting hyperfine transition, wherein the solid-state atomic clock may generate the clock frequency signal based on a hyperfine resonance frequency of the color centers.

OVENS FOR ATOMIC CLOCKS AND RELATED METHODS AND ATOMIC CLOCKS

Ovens for atomic clocks may include a body including a cavity within the body. A plurality of heating elements may be distributed around the body, each heating element of the plurality including coils of electrically resistive material. An arrangement of the plurality of heating elements may be such that far fields of magnetic fields having opposite polarities induced by respective coils of the heating elements overlap. 1. An oven for an atomic clock , comprising:a body comprising a cavity within the body; andheating elements, each comprising at least one coil, distributed around the body, wherein, for each of the coils configured to produce a magnetic field of a first polarity, the heating elements comprise another coil configured to produce a magnetic field of a second, opposite polarity.2. The oven of claim 1 , wherein the heating elements having coils configured to produce the magnetic field of the first polarity alternate with are interleaved with the heating elements having coils configured to product the magnetic field of the second polarity claim 1 , such that a coil configured to produce the magnetic field of the first polarity is between two coils configured to produce the magnetic field of the second claim 1 , opposite polarity.3. The oven of claim 1 , wherein each of the heating elements comprises two complementary coils claim 1 , a first coil configured to produce the magnetic field of the first polarity and a second coil to produce the magnetic field of the second polarity.4. The oven of claim 1 , wherein each of the heating elements comprises a set of coils configured to produce the magnetic field of the first polarity or of the second polarity.5. The oven of claim 1 , wherein a first coil configured to produce the magnetic field of the first polarity and a second coil configured to produce the magnetic field of the second polarity are in series.6. The oven of claim 1 , wherein the heating elements comprise an even number of heating elements.7. The ...

DYNAMICALLY UPDATING A TIME INTERVAL OF A GPS

A seismic system includes a wireless sensor node. The wireless sensor node includes a global positioning system (GPS) device to receive a GPS time value at an interval; a temperature sensor to measure temperature; an oscillator to measure time; and a memory to store the GPS time value, the temperature, and the oscillator time. The wireless sensor node also includes a processor to determine a rate of temperature change during the interval, and to dynamically update the interval to receive the GPS time value from the GPS device, based on the rate of temperature change. 1. A seismic system comprising: a global positioning system (GPS) device to receive a GPS time value at an interval;', 'a temperature sensor to measure temperature;', 'an oscillator to measure time; and', 'a memory to store the GPS time value, the temperature, and the oscillator time; and', determine a rate of temperature change during the interval; and', 'dynamically update the interval to receive the GPS time value from the GPS device based on the rate of temperature change., 'a processor to], 'a wireless sensor node comprising2. The seismic system of claim 1 , wherein power is reduced to the GPS device the GPS device is not receiving the GPS time value.3. The seismic system of claim 1 , the processor is to:compare the temperature change with a threshold value;increase the GPS interval when the rate of temperature change is below the threshold; anddecrease the GPS interval when the rate of temperature change is above the threshold.4. The seismic system of claim 1 , the memory to store an oscillator time value associated with the GPS time value at the interval.5. The seismic system of claim 4 , the processor is to:compare the oscillator time value with the GPS time value at the interval;determine an error value of the oscillator time value caused by a change in the temperature; andinitiate transmission of the oscillator time value, the GPS time value, and the error value to a server via a wireless ...

SURFACE EMITTING LASER, SURFACE EMITTING LASER ELEMENT AND ATOMIC OSCILLATOR

A surface emitting laser for emitting light with a wavelength λ includes a first reflection mirror provided on a semiconductor substrate; a resonator region including an active layer provided on the first reflection mirror; a second reflection mirror, including plural low refraction index layers and plural high refraction index layers, provided on the resonator region; a contact layer provided on the second reflection mirror; a third reflection mirror provided on the contact layer; and an electric current narrowing layer provided between the active layer and the second reflection mirror or in the second reflection mirror. Optical lengths of at least one of thicknesses of the low refraction index layers and the high refraction index layers formed between the electric current narrowing layer and the contact layer are (2N+1)×λ/4 (N=1, 2, . . . ). 1. A surface emitting laser for emitting light with a wavelength λ , comprising:a first reflection mirror provided on a semiconductor substrate;a resonator region including an active layer provided on the first reflection mirror;a second reflection mirror, including a plurality of low refraction index layers and a plurality of high refraction index layers, provided on the resonator region;a contact layer provided on the second reflection mirror;a third reflection mirror provided on the contact layer; andan electric current narrowing layer provided between the active layer and the second reflection mirror or in the second reflection mirror, wherein optical lengths of at least one of thicknesses of the low refraction index layers and the high refraction index layers formed between the electric current narrowing layer and the contact layer are (2N+1)×λ/4 (N=1, 2, . . . ).2. The surface emitting laser as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the optical lengths of the thicknesses of at least one of the low refraction index layers formed between the electric current narrowing layer and the contact layer are (2N+1)×λ/4 (N=1 claim 1 , 2 claim ...

Multiple-cavity vapor cell structure for micro-fabricated atomic clocks, magnetometers, and other devices

An apparatus includes a vapor cell having multiple cavities fluidly connected by one or more channels. At least one of the cavities is configured to receive a first material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell. At least one of the cavities is configured to receive a second material able to absorb at least a portion of the one or more gases. The vapor cell could include a first cavity configured to receive the first material and a second cavity fluidly connected to the first cavity by at least one first channel, where the second cavity is configured to receive the gas(es). The vapor cell could also include a third cavity fluidly connected to at least one of the first and second cavities by at least one second channel, where the third cavity is configured to receive the second material.

VAPOR CELL STRUCTURE HAVING CAVITIES CONNECTED BY CHANNELS FOR MICRO-FABRICATED ATOMIC CLOCKS, MAGNETOMETERS, AND OTHER DEVICES

A first apparatus includes a vapor cell having first and second cavities fluidly connected by multiple channels. The first cavity is configured to receive a material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell. The second cavity is configured to receive the one or more gases. The vapor cell is configured to allow radiation to pass through the second cavity. A second apparatus includes a vapor cell having a first wafer with first and second cavities and a second wafer with one or more channels fluidly connecting the cavities. The first cavity is configured to receive a material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell. The second cavity is configured to receive the one or more gases. The vapor cell is configured to allow radiation to pass through the second cavity. 1. An apparatus comprising:a vapor cell having first and second cavities fluidly connected by multiple channels;the first cavity configured to receive a material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell; andthe second cavity configured to receive the one or more gases;wherein the vapor cell is configured to allow radiation to pass through the second cavity.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vapor cell comprises:a first wafer comprising the cavities and the channels.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the vapor cell further comprises:at least one second wafer secured to the first wafer, the at least one second wafer sealing ends of the cavities and the channels.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:the vapor cell further comprises a second wafer secured to the first wafer; andthe second wafer is thinner in a location proximate to the first cavity.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vapor cell comprises:a first wafer comprising the cavities; anda second wafer secured to the first wafer, the second wafer comprising the channels.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ...

TEMPERATURE GRADIENT IN MICROFABRICATED SENSOR CAVITY

A microfabricated sensor includes a sensor cell with a cell body and a window attached to the cell body. A sensor cavity containing sensor fluid material is located in cell body, open to the window. A signal path extends from a signal emitter outside the sensor cell, through the window and sensor cavity, and to a signal detector. The sensor cell may have an asymmetric thermal configuration, conducive to developing a temperature gradient in the sensor cell. One or more heaters are disposed on the sensor cell, possibly in an asymmetric configuration. Power is applied to the heaters, possibly asymmetrically, so as to develop a temperature gradient in the sensor cell with a low temperature region in the sensor cell, sufficient to condense the sensor fluid in the low temperature region, outside of the signal path. 1. A method , comprising applying power to a heating element disposed on a sensor cell of a microfabricated sensor , developing a temperature gradient in a sensor cavity containing a sensor fluid material in the sensor cell , the temperature gradient defining a spot having a minimum temperature and free from overlapping a signal path extending into the sensor cell , and wherein the signal path extends from a signal emitter located outside of the sensor cell through the sensor cavity to a signal detector located outside the sensor cell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the sensor fluid material comprises an alkali metal; andthe temperature gradient is at least 2° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature gradient is developed during a shutdown phase of the microfabricated sensor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature gradient is developed during a startup phase of the microfabricated sensor.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature gradient is developed during a sensing operation phase of the microfabricated sensor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensor cell has a first heating element disposed on the sensor cell and a ...

Heater substrate, alkali metal cell unit and atomic oscillator

A heater substrate for heating an alkali metal cell including an alkali metal includes a first heater wiring formed in a region surrounding an alkali metal encapsulating part in which the alkali metal is encapsulated; a second heater wiring formed in the region surrounding the alkali metal encapsulating part and inside the first heater wiring; and a third heater wiring formed outside the first heater wiring. A first electric current flowing in the first heater wiring is divided into a second electric current flowing in the second heater wiring and a third electric current flowing in the third heater wiring. A direction of the first electric current is opposite to a direction of the second electric current and a direction of the third electric current.

COMPACT MILLIMETER WAVE SYSTEM

A millimeter wave apparatus, with a substrate, a transceiver in a first fixed position relative to the substrate, and a gas cell in a second fixed position relative to the substrate. The clock apparatus also comprises at least four waveguides. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a substrate;a transceiver in a first fixed position relative to the substrate;a gas cell in a second fixed position relative to the substrate;a first waveguide affixed relative to the substrate, the first waveguide having a first end coupled to the transceiver and a portion, along a first dimension;a second waveguide affixed relative to the substrate, the second waveguide having a first end coupled to the transceiver and a portion, along a second dimension;a third waveguide coupled, along a third dimension differing from the first dimension, between the second end of the first waveguide and the gas cell; anda fourth waveguide coupled, along a fourth dimension differing from the second dimension, between the second end of the second waveguide and the gas cell.2. The apparatus of wherein the first dimension and the second dimension are a same dimension.3. The apparatus of wherein the third dimension and the fourth dimension are perpendicular to the same dimension.4. The apparatus of wherein the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide comprise rectangular waveguides.5. The apparatus of wherein the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide comprise metallic waveguides for communicating a wave from the transceiver to the gas cell via an air medium.6. The apparatus of wherein the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide comprise glue.7. The apparatus of wherein the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide comprise polymer.8. The apparatus of wherein the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide comprise solder balls claim 1 , the waveguide formed by an area surrounded by the solder balls.9. The apparatus of and further comprising apparatus for retaining the gas cell in the second fixed position.10. The ...

CPT ATOMIC CLOCK SERVO CONTROL SOC

The present invention relates to a CPT atomic clock servo control SoC, which includes a microprocessor, a photoelectric signal demodulation functional module, a temperature control loop functional module, a laser and microwave loop control functional module, a C field control functional module, and a bus bridge. The bus bridge is connected to a system bus and a peripheral bus, for connecting to buses with different speeds. The photoelectric signal demodulation functional module extracts power change information of a microwave and a laser. The temperature control loop functional module controls temperatures of an absorption cell and a laser tube. The laser and microwave loop control functional module implements laser frequency locking and microwave loop locking. The C field control functional module provides a stable C field for the absorption cell. 11567812. A CPT atomic clock servo control SoC , comprising a microprocessor () , a photoelectric signal demodulation functional module () , a temperature control loop functional module () , a laser and microwave loop control functional module () , a C field control functional module () , and a bus bridge () , whereinthe bus bridge is connected to a system bus and a peripheral bus, used for connecting to buses with different speeds;the photoelectric signal demodulation functional module is connected to the peripheral bus, used for demodulating a photoelectric signal of a physical system of the atomic clock, and extracting power change information of a microwave and a laser therefrom;the temperature control loop functional module is connected to the peripheral bus, used for separately controlling temperatures of an absorption cell and a laser tube in the physical system of the atomic clock;the laser and microwave loop control functional module is connected to the peripheral bus, and used for performing low frequency modulation on the microwave and a drive DC current of a VCSEL, and then synthesizing, by using Bias-T, a ...

Quantum Interference Device

A quantum interference device includes a light emitting element; and an atomic cell on which light from the light emitting element is incident. The atomic cell accommodates alkali metal atoms therein, and a coating film containing a polydiyne compound or a polydiene compound is disposed on an inner wall of the atomic cell. 1. A quantum interference device , comprising:a light emitting element; andan atomic cell on which light from the light emitting element is incident, whereinthe atomic cell accommodates alkali metal atoms therein, anda coating film containing a polydiyne compound or a polydiene compound is disposed on an inner wall of the atomic cell.2. The quantum interference device according to claim 1 , whereinthe polydiyne compound and the polydiene compound are polymers in each of which monomer-derived unit structures are crosslinked at a crosslinking part, andthe crosslinking part is located at a center of the unit structure.3. The quantum interference device according to claim 1 , whereinthe polydiyne compound and the polydiene compound are polymers in each of which monomer-derived unit structures are crosslinked at a crosslinking part, andthe number of carbons in the unit structure is 20 or more and 60 or less.4. The quantum interference device according to claim 2 , whereina terminal group of the unit structure is an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing group.5. The quantum interference device according to claim 2 , whereinthe polydiyne compound and the polydiene compound are polymers obtained by topochemical polymerization of monomers. The present application is based on, and claims priority from JP Application Serial Number 2019-155541, filed Aug. 28, 2019, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.The present disclosure relates to a quantum interference device.Alkali metal atoms such as cesium exhibit a phenomenon such as spin polarization and Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) under an action of light. In a ...

Alkali metal cell, atomic oscillator, and alkali metal cell fabricating method

An alkali metal cell is disclosed, including a substrate in which is formed an opening which penetrates from one face to the other face thereof; a first transparent substrate bonded to the other face of the substrate; and a second transparent substrate bonded to the one face of the substrate, wherein an alkali metal is sealed into a space surrounded by the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate in the opening of the substrate, wherein, in the substrate and the second transparent substrate, the space is enclosed by a bonding between a first bonding metal layer formed by a first bonding metal and a second bonding metal layer formed by a second bonding metal, and wherein the second bonding metal layer has a bonding temperature higher than that of the first bonding metal layer.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING AN OPERATION LIFETIME OF A BEAM TUBE

A method and apparatus for increasing the operation lifetime of a beam tube, BT, () having an electron multiplier (F) which amplifies a received ionic current with an electron multiplier gain, G, to provide an electrical current (I) output by the said beam tube, BT, (), is provided. The method includes converting (S) the electrical current (I) output by the beam tube, BT, () into an intermediate voltage (V) amplified by a voltage amplifier (C) with a variable gain, G, to provide a voltage signal (V) used for a further processing and applied to a controller (D), adjusting (S) the electron multiplier gain, G, of the electron multiplier (F) by changing an electron multiplier polarization voltage (U) applied to the electron multiplier (F) by a power supply unit (F) controlled by an electron multiplier gain control signal (G-CRTL) generated by the controller (D); regulating (S) by the controller (D) the electrical current (I) output by the said beam tube, BT, () to keep it below a characteristic current threshold, I, by adjusting the electron multiplier gain control signal (G-CTRL) until it reaches a predefined maximum value and regulating (S) by the controller (D) the voltage signal (V) applied to the controller (D) by increasing the variable gain, G, of the voltage amplifier (C) to compensate for a drop of the electrical current (I) output by the said beam tube, BT, () caused by the aging of the electron multiplier (F) until the applied voltage signal (V) reaches a predefined minimum value. 1. A method for increasing an operation lifetime of a beam tube , BT , having an electron multiplier which amplifies a received ionic current with an electron multiplier gain , G , to provide an electrical current (I) output by the said beam tube , BT , wherein the electrical current (I) output by the said beam tube , BT , is regulated by a controller to compensate for electron multiplier aging and to keep it below a characteristic current threshold , I , by adjusting an electron ...

CONTROLLING ALKALINE EARTH ATOMS FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING AND METROLOGY APPLICATIONS

An apparatus for individually trapping atoms, individually imaging the atoms, and individually cooling the atoms to prevent loss of the atoms from the trap caused by the imaging. The apparatus can be implemented in various quantum computing, sensing, and metrology applications (e.g., in an atomic clock). 1. An apparatus , comprising:an array of systems each having at least two energy levels that can be coupled by coherent radiation;a source of the coherent radiation coupling the energy levels;a detector measuring an excitation probability of each of the systems in the array in response to the coherent radiation exciting or driving a transition between the two energy levels;a computer determining a detuning between a frequency of the coherent radiation and resonance frequency of the transition; anda modulator coupled to the source, wherein the modulator modulates the coherent radiation using the detuning so that a frequency of the coherent radiation is tuned to the resonance frequency for each of the physical systems in the array, so that the source is stabilized to transition.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the physical systems comprise one or more impurities in a solid state material claim 1 , an atom claim 1 , an electron claim 1 , or a superconductor each having the two energy levels.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a detector measuring an excitation probability of each of the systems in the array in response to the coherent radiation exciting or driving a transition between the two energy levels; andthe computer using the excitation probability to determine the detuning.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , comprising a sensor sensing using at least one of the excitation probability or the detuning.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the sensor is a gravity sensor.6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the sensor senses a variation in at least one of a magnetic field claim 3 , a polarization field claim 3 , or a temperature of the array of ...

Light-emitting element module, atomic oscillator, and electronic apparatus

A light-emitting element module includes: a Peltier device that includes a first substrate, and a second substrate causing a temperature difference from the first substrate, and a power terminal disposed on the first substrate; a light-emitting element that is disposed on a side of the second substrate of the Peltier device and of which temperature is adjusted by the Peltier device; a temperature sensor that is disposed on the side of the second substrate of the Peltier device; a package that includes a base and a lid; a first external electrode that is electrically connected to the power terminal; a second external electrode that is electrically connected to the temperature sensor; and a third external electrode that is electrically connected to the light-emitting element. The third external electrode is disposed between the first and second external electrodes.

ATOMIC OSCILLATOR, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, AND CONTROL METHOD

An atomic oscillator includes: an atomic cell in which alkali metal atoms are sealed; a light source that radiates first light and second light with different frequencies to the atomic cell; a light detector that detects the first light and the second light transmitted through the atomic cell and outputs a detection signal according to a detection intensity; a signal generator that generates a microwave signal according to a transition frequency between two ground levels of the alkali metal atoms based on a result obtained by detecting the detection signal for each first period; and a light source adjuster that adjusts the frequencies of the first light and the second light for each second period, the second period being longer than the first period. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising:an atomic cell in which alkali metal atoms are sealed;a light source configured to radiate first light and second light to the atomic cell, the second light having a different frequency than the first light;a light detector configured to detect the first light and the second light transmitted through the atomic cell and to output a detection signal;a signal generator configured to generate a microwave signal according to a transition frequency between two ground levels of the alkali metal atoms based on a result obtained by detecting the detection signal for each first period; anda light source adjuster configured to adjust the frequency of the first light and the frequency of the second light for each second period, the second period being longer than the first period.2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , a driving circuit that drives the light source by inputting a driving current obtained by superimposing a modulated current based on the microwave signal on a bias current to the light source, and', 'an automatic gain control circuit that adjusts an amplitude of the microwave signal for each third period, the third period being longer than the first period., 'wherein the ...

Light-emitting element module, atomic oscillator, and electronic apparatus

A light-emitting element module includes a light-emitting element that emits light, a base that has a depression portion in which the light-emitting element is accommodated, and a lid that covers an opening of the depression portion and is joined to the base. The lid includes a protrusion portion that protrudes on an opposite side to the base and has a hole through which the light passes and a window that is installed in the protrusion portion to block the hole and transmits the light. A surface of the window on a side of the light-emitting element is inclined with respect to a surface perpendicular to an optical axis of the light.

Atomic oscillator, and electronic apparatus

An atomic oscillator includes: an atomic cell in which an alkali metal is sealed; a light-emitting element that emits light to be radiated to the atomic cell; a light-receiving element that detects the light transmitted through the atomic cell; a first optical element that has light transmittance and is disposed between the atomic cell and the light-emitting element; and a second optical element that has light transmittance and is disposed between the first optical element and the atomic cell. The first optical element reflects the light from the light-emitting element toward the light-emitting element in a first direction inclined with respect to an optical axis of the light. The second optical element reflects the light from the light-emitting element toward the light-emitting element in a second direction inclined in a direction different from the first direction with respect to the optical axis of the light.

ATOMIC OSCILLATOR

An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell encapsulating metal atoms, a coil disposed in a periphery of the gas cell, a laser source adapted to emit excitation light toward the gas cell, a heater adapted to heat the gas cell, and a wiring board adapted to supply the heater with power, and a plus line forming a plus current channel for the heater and provided to the wiring board, and a minus line forming a minus current channel for the heater and provided to the wiring board are disposed close to each other. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising:a gas cell encapsulating metal atoms;a coil disposed in a periphery of the gas cell;a laser source adapted to emit excitation light toward the gas cell;a heater adapted to heat the gas cell; anda wiring board adapted to supply the heater with power,wherein a plus line forming a plus current channel for the heater and provided to the wiring board, and a minus line forming a minus current channel for the heater and provided to the wiring board are disposed close to each other.2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , whereinthe wiring board is a flexible board, andthe plus line and the minus line are stacked one another via an insulating layer.3. The atomic oscillator according to claim 2 , whereinthe heater is a field-effect transistor,the plus line is connected to a source terminal of the field-effect transistor,the minus line is connected to a drain terminal of the field-effect transistor, anda gate line to be connected to a gate terminal of the field-effect transistor is adjacent to either one of the plus line and the minus line via an insulating layer.4. The atomic oscillator according to claim 2 , whereinthe heater is a bipolar transistor,the plus line is connected to a collector terminal of the bipolar transistor,the minus line is connected to an emitter terminal of the bipolar transistor, anda base line to be connected to a base terminal of the bipolar transistor is adjacent to either one of the plus line and the minus ...

Surface emitting laser device and atomic oscillator

Disclosed is a surface emitting laser device, including a substrate; a lower reflecting mirror provided on the substrate; an active layer provided on the lower reflecting mirror; an upper reflecting mirror provided on the active layer, including an emitting region, laser light being emitted from the emitting region, the upper reflecting mirror being formed by alternately laminating dielectrics, refracting indices of the dielectrics being different from each other; and an adjusting layer formed of semiconductor, provided in the emitting region between the active layer and the upper reflecting mirror, a shape of the adjusting layer in a plane parallel to a surface of the substrate including shape anisotropy in two mutually perpendicular directions.

PACKAGING A SEALED CAVITY IN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An electronic device includes a package substrate, a circuit assembly, and a housing. The circuit assembly is mounted on the package substrate. The circuit assembly includes a first sealed cavity formed in a device substrate. The housing is mounted on the package substrate to form a second sealed cavity about the circuit assembly. 1. An electronic device , comprising:a package substrate;a circuit assembly mounted on the package substrate, the circuit assembly comprising a first sealed cavity formed in a device substrate; anda housing mounted on the package substrate to form a second sealed cavity about the circuit assembly.2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first sealed cavity comprises a channel formed in the device substrate and a sealing plate bonded to the device substrate.3. The electronic device of claim 2 , further comprising a pressure sensor coupled to the sealing plate and configured to measure pressure within the first sealed cavity as a function of displacement of the sealing plate.4. The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the sealing plate comprises a dielectric membrane.5. The electronic device of claim 2 , further comprising:an acoustic sensor coupled to the sealing plate and configured to measure vibration of the sealing plate; andcontrol circuitry coupled to the acoustic sensor, the control circuitry configured to determine pressure within the first sealed cavity as a function of the mechanical harmonic signature of the sealing plate.6. The electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising a pressure sensor coupled to the housing and configured to measure pressure within the second sealed cavity as a function of displacement of the housing.7. The electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising:an acoustic sensor coupled to the housing and configured to measure vibration of the housing; andcontrol circuitry coupled to the acoustic sensor, the control circuitry configured to determine pressure within the second sealed cavity as a ...

PRESSURE SENSING USING QUANTUM MOLECULAR ROTATIONAL STATE TRANSITIONS

A pressure transducer includes a cavity, a first dipolar molecule disposed within the cavity, and a second dipolar molecule disposed within the cavity. The first dipolar molecule exhibits a quantum rotational state transition at a fixed frequency with respect to cavity pressure. The second dipolar molecule exhibits a quantum rotation state transition at a frequency that varies with cavity pressure. 1. A pressure transducer , comprising:a cavity;a first dipolar molecule disposed within the cavity;a second dipolar molecule disposed within the cavity; the first dipolar molecule exhibits a quantum rotational state transition at a fixed frequency with respect to cavity pressure; and', 'the second dipolar molecule exhibits a quantum rotational state transition at a frequency that varies with cavity pressure., 'wherein2. The pressure transducer of claim 1 , wherein the fixed frequency is outside a range of the frequency that varies with cavity pressure.3. The pressure transducer of claim 1 , further comprising:a first antenna coupled to the cavity, wherein the first antenna is configured to transmit signal into the cavity; anda second antenna coupled to the cavity, wherein the second antenna is configured to receive signal from the cavity.4. The pressure transducer of claim 3 , further comprising detector circuitry coupled to the second antenna claim 3 , the detector circuitry configured to determine a frequency of peak absorption for the first dipolar molecule and a frequency of peak absorption for the second dipolar molecule.5. The pressure transducer of claim 4 , wherein the detector circuitry comprises:a phase-locked loop (PLL) configured to sweep a range of frequencies comprising the fixed frequency and the frequency that varies with cavity pressure; andfrequency identification circuitry configured to determine the frequency of peak absorption for the first dipolar molecule and the frequency of peak absorption for the second dipolar molecule based on the frequencies ...

METHODS FOR DEPOSITING A MEASURED AMOUNT OF A SPECIES IN A SEALED CAVITY

Methods for depositing a measured amount of a species in a sealed cavity. In one example, a method for depositing molecules in a sealed cavity includes depositing a selected number of microcapsules in a cavity. Each of the microcapsules contains a predetermined amount of a first fluid. The cavity is sealed after the microcapsules are deposited. After the cavity is sealed the microcapsules are ruptured to release molecules of the first fluid into the cavity. 1. A method for depositing a molecule in a sealed cavity , comprising:depositing a selected number of microcapsules in a cavity, wherein each of the microcapsules contains a predetermined amount of a first fluid;sealing the cavity after the microcapsules are deposited; andrupturing, after the cavity is sealed, the microcapsules to release molecules of the first fluid into the cavity.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising setting claim 1 , prior to the sealing claim 1 , pressure in the cavity to be less than a desired pressure in the cavity after the rupturing.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rupturing comprises heating the microcapsules to a temperature greater than a temperature applied to seal the cavity to degrade an outer shell of the microcapsules.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rupturing comprises exposing the microcapsules to ultraviolet radiation claim 1 , infrared radiation claim 1 , or laser light to degrade an outer shell of the microcapsules.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising propelling a measured quantity of the first fluid into an encapsulating fluid to form each of the microcapsules.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:depositing a selected number of microcapsules in the cavity, wherein each of the microcapsules contains a predetermined amount of a second fluid;rupturing, after the cavity is sealed, the microcapsules to release the second fluid into the cavity;wherein molecules of the first fluid and the second fluid react to form molecules of a third fluid.7 ...

MICROWAVE RESONANT CAVITY FOR LASER COOLING, MICROWAVE INTERROGATION AND ATOMIC STATE DETECTION IN SITU

A microwave resonant cavity for laser cooling, microwave interrogation, and atomic state detection, comprising a microwave resonant cavity body, two cutoff waveguide end covers, and four waveguides for laser beams and microwave coupling. The cavity feeds not only microwave but also laser beams into the center of the cavity. In a vacuum chamber with target atoms, the target atoms may be trapped and cooled in the center of the cavity. By sequential operation of the resonant microwave and lasers, the microwave resonant cavity of the present invention may manipulate and detect the atomic state population and interrogate the energy level of the cold atoms in situ. The invention may be applied to the fields of atomic frequency standard, interferometer and atomic gyro for developing the miniaturized cold atoms related precision measurement equipment. 1. A microwave resonant cavity for laser cooling , microwave interrogation , and atomic state detection , comprising:a microwave resonant cavity body having an inner surface, an outside, an upper end, a lower end, and a circumferential side,an upper end cover,a lower end cover, andfour waveguides, each of the waveguides having an upper surface and an outer side,wherein the inner surface of the microwave resonant cavity body is a cylindrical or rectangular cavity, and the outer side of the microwave resonant cavity body is a polyhedron,{'b': '1', 'the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively mounted on the upper end and the lower end of the microwave resonant cavity body, p two laser feeding channels, a first one of the laser feeding channels is provided on the upper end cover along the central axis, and a second one of the laser feeding channels is provided on the lower end cover along the central axis,'}two atomic channels are respectively provided on the upper end cover and the lower end cover, and an axis of the atom channel is at an angle β with the axis of the laser feeding channel,four side holes are ...

Contact responsive metronome

A metronome including a sensor capable of detecting an event and a controller in communication with the sensor and which controls the metronomes response to the event. The controller can receive a signal from the sensor indicating an occurrence of the event, the controller, in response, can generate a signal to adjust a characteristic of the metronome in response to the event.

MAGNETOMETER BASED ON ATOMIC TRANSITIONS INSENSITIVE TO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH

An atomic vector magnetometer and magnetometric methods based on atomic clock transitions unaffected by magnetic field strength for increased quantum coherency time, resulting in improved sensitivity over conventional Zeeman-based atomic magnetometry, where coherency is restricted by sensitivity to magnetic fields. Instead of measuring magnetic field strength in the direction of the quantization axis, as in Zeeman magnetometry, magnetic field strength is measured substantially orthogonal to the quantization axis, via determining the angular displacement of the quantization axis by the magnetic signal field, which is detected by changes in atomic state populations as the quantization axis is rotated relative to the excitation polarization. In addition, the present invention measures magnetic fields instantaneously rather than via accumulated phase shift over time, as in Zeeman magnetometry, thereby providing measurement and spectral analysis of time-varying magnetic fields. 1. A magnetometer for measuring the strength of a magnetic signal field component in a first direction , the magnetometer comprising:an ensemble of atoms, wherein the atoms undergo, an atomic transition between two distinct atomic states at a characteristic atomic frequency, and wherein the atomic frequency of the atomic transition is substantially unaffected by the strength of a magnetic field applied to the ensemble;a variable magnet, for establishing an applied magnetic field in the region of the ensemble of atoms, the applied magnetic field having a second direction substantially, orthogonal to the first direction of the magnetic signal field;a microwave generator, for generating microwave radiation, having a frequency at the characteristic atomic frequency for exciting the atomic transition in atoms of the ensemble of atoms;at least two antennas substantially orthogonal to one another, for directing microwave radiation from the microwave generator toward the ensemble of atoms, the at least ...

Atomic oscillator, electronic apparatus, moving object, and manufacturing method of atomic oscillator

An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell, a semiconductor laser, and a frequency modulation signal generator generating a frequency modulation signal causing the semiconductor laser to generate frequency-modulated light including a first-order sideband light pair causing an electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon in metal atoms. When a modulation level of frequency modulation changes from low to high, a modulation level at a time when the first-order sideband light is maximized for the first time is represented as m 1 , a modulation level at a time when intensity of light with a center frequency becomes equal to or higher than intensity of the first-order sideband light for the first time after decreasing to be lower than the intensity of the first-order sideband light for the first time is represented as m 2 , and intensity of the frequency modulation signal is set such that the modulation level is higher than m 1 and lower than m 2 .

HERMETICALLY SEALED MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY CELL WITH DUAL WAFER BONDING

A method includes forming a plurality of layers of an oxide and a metal on a substrate. For example, the layers may include a metal layer sandwiched between silicon oxide layers. A non-conductive structure such as glass is then bonded to one of the oxide layers. An antenna can then be patterned on the non-conductive structure, and a cavity can be created in the substrate. Another metal layer is deposited on the surface of the cavity, and an iris is patterned in the metal layer to expose the one of the oxide layers. Another metal layer is formed on a second substrate and the two substrates are bonded together to thereby seal the cavity. 1. A method of forming a sealed cavity , the method comprising:forming a first oxide layer on a first side of a first substrate;forming a first metal layer on the first oxide layer;forming a second oxide layer on the first metal layer;bonding a non-conductive structure to the second oxide layer;patterning an antenna on the non-conductive structure;creating a cavity extending from a second side of the first substrate through the first substrate to at least the first oxide layer, the second side being opposite the first side;depositing a second metal layer on a surface of the cavity;patterning an iris in at least the second metal layer to expose the second oxide layer; andforming a third metal layer on a second substrate; andbonding at least a portion of the third metal layer to at least a portion of the second metal layer to seal the cavity.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , before creating the cavity claim 1 , forming a third oxide layer on the non-conductive structure and over the antenna.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising removing the third oxide layer after creating the cavity.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing and patterning an electronic bandgap structure on the non-conductive structure.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein creating the cavity comprises wet etching the cavity.6. ...

Optoelectronic packages having magnetic field cancelation

A stacked optoelectronic packaged device includes a bottom die having a top surface including bottom electrical traces and a light source die coupled to ≧1 bottom electrical traces. A first cavity die is on the bottom die. An optics die is on the first cavity die and a second cavity die on the optics die. A mounting substrate is on the second cavity die including top electrical traces. A photodetector die is optically coupled to receive light from the light source. The bottom and top electrical traces are both positioned substantially symmetrically on sides of a mirror plane so that when conducting equal and opposite currents a first magnetic field emanating from the first side and a second magnetic field emanating from the second side cancel one another to provide a reduction in magnetic flux density by more than 50% at one or more die locations on the optics die.

OPTOELECTRONIC PACKAGES HAVING THROUGH-CHANNELS FOR ROUTING AND VACUUM

A stacked optoelectronic packaged device includes a plurality of stacked components within a package material having a package body providing side walls and a bottom wall for the package, and a lid which seals a top of the package. The stacked components include a first cavity die having a top surface and a bottom surface including at least one through-channel formed in the bottom surface. A bottom die has a top surface including at least one electrical trace and a light source die thereon. At least one of the through-channels of the first cavity die are aligned to the electrical trace, and the first cavity die is bonded to the bottom die with the electrical trace being within the through-channel and not contacting the first cavity die to provide a vacuum sealing structure. A photodetector (PD) is optically coupled to receive the light originating from the light source. 1. A stacked optoelectronic packaged device , comprising: a first cavity die having a top surface and a bottom surface including at least one through-channel formed in said bottom surface;', 'a bottom die having a top surface including thereon at least one electrical trace and a light source die for emitting light coupled to said electrical trace;', 'wherein at least one of said through-channels of said first cavity die is aligned to said electrical trace;', 'wherein said first cavity die is bonded to said bottom die;', 'wherein said electrical trace is within said through-channel and not contacting said first cavity die to provide an inner vacuum sealing structure, and, 'a plurality of stacked components within a package comprising a package material having a package body providing side walls and a bottom wall for said package, and a lid for sealing a top of said package, said plurality of stacked components includinga photodetector (PD) die optically coupled to receive said light originating from said light source die.2. The stacked optoelectronic packaged device of claim 1 , wherein said at least ...

ATOMIC CLOCK SYSTEM

An atomic clock system includes a magneto-optical trap (MOT) system that traps alkali metal atoms in a cell during a trapping stage of each of sequential coherent population trapping (CPT) cycles. The system also includes an interrogation system that generates an optical difference beam comprising a first optical beam having a first frequency and a second optical beam having a second frequency different from the first frequency. The interrogation system includes a direction controller that periodically alternates a direction of the optical difference beam through the cell during a CPT interrogation stage of each of the sequential clock measurement cycles to drive CPT interrogation of the trapped alkali metal atoms. The system also includes an oscillator system that adjusts a frequency of a local oscillator based on an optical response of the CPT interrogated alkali metal atoms during a state readout stage in each of the sequential clock measurement cycles. 1. An atomic clock system comprising:an optical trapping system that traps alkali metal atoms in a cell during a trapping stage of each of sequential coherent population trapping (CPT) cycles;an interrogation system that generates an optical difference beam comprising a first optical beam having a first frequency and a second optical beam having a second frequency different from the first frequency, the interrogation system comprising a direction controller that periodically alternates a direction of the optical difference beam through the cell during a CPT interrogation stage of each of the sequential clock measurement cycles to drive CPT interrogation of the alkali metal atoms; andan oscillator system that adjusts a frequency of a local oscillator based on an optical response of the CPT interrogated alkali metal atoms during a state readout stage in each of the sequential clock measurement cycles.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical trapping system is configured as a magneto-optical trapping (MOT) ...

Systems and methods for a wafer scale atomic clock

Systems and methods for a wafer scale atomic clock are provided. In at least one embodiment, a wafer scale device comprises a first substrate; a cell layer joined to the first substrate, the cell layer comprising a plurality of hermetically isolated cells, wherein separate measurements are produced for each cell in the plurality of hermetically isolated cells; and a second substrate joined to the cell layer, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate comprise electronics to control the separate measurements, wherein the separate measurements are combined into a single measurement.

Controlled Atom Source

A method of generating at least one trapped atom of a specific species, the method comprising the steps of : positioning a sample material () comprising a specific species in a vacuum (); generate an atomic vapour () of the specific species by irradiating the sample material with a first laser (); trapping one or more atoms from the generated atomic vapour. 1. (canceled)2. The method of wherein the step of trapping includes cooling the one or more atoms with a second laser claim 38 , such as by using Doppler cooling.3. (canceled)4. A method of generating an atomic vapour of a specific species claim 38 , the method comprising the steps of:positioning a sample material comprising a compound of the specific species, in a vacuum;irradiating the compound with a first laser, thereby to generate an atomic vapour of the specific species.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the power output of the first laser is selected such that the irradiating step generates less thermal energy of the sample material than is required to evaporate or sublimate the sample material by heating.6. (canceled)7. The method of comprising the step of adjusting the power of the first laserto control the rate of generation of atomic.8. The method of wherein the first laser is a continuous wave laser.910-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 4 , wherein the specific species is a metal.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal is an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal is beryllium claim 11 , magnesium claim 11 , calcium claim 11 , strontium claim 11 , barium claim 11 , radium or ytterbium.14. (canceled)15. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sample material is oxidised strontium.16. The method of claim 4 , wherein a material comprising the specific species is treated to form an intermediate compound and the intermediate compound is used as the compound of the specific species that is irradiated by the first laser.17. The method of claim 11 , wherein ...

Caesium atomic micro-clock microcell buffer gas mixture

The invention relates to a process for fabricating a microcell for a caesium atomic micro-clock having an inversion temperature above 80° C., comprising a step of generating a caesium vapour by heating a caesium-containing pellet, the buffer gas used containing neon and helium.

DOUBLE-MODULATION CPT DIFFERENTIAL DETECTION METHOD AND SYSTEM

The invention relates to a differential detection of double-modulation (DM) CPT method and a system for implementing the method of this invention. The method comprises the following steps: Generating a coherent bichromatic light, in which the polarization and the relative phase are synchronously modulated. The DM light interacts with a quantum resonance system and prepares it into a CPT state. Then the polarization of coherent bichromatic light is switched from circular polarization to linear polarization. After interacting with the CPT state prepared in the previous stage, the constructive and destructive quantum interference occur simultaneously. The polarization of the transmitted light from the quantum resonance system is converted and spatially separated. Then two CPT signals, detected by balanced photodetectors, are observed with constructive and destructive interference respectively. Finally, a differential CPT signal with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained by subtracting the above-mentioned two CPT signals. 1. A differential detection method for double-modulation coherent population trapping (DM CPT) is characterized by comprising the following steps:1) Phase modulation. Providing a coherent bichromatic light, wherein the relative phase between the two frequency components of the bichromatic light is switched between ϕ+0 and ϕ+π according to requirements, wherein ϕ is an initial arbitrary phase.2) Polarization modulation. The polarization of coherent bichromatic light is switched among left circular polarization, right circular polarization and linear polarization according to a set rule.3) DM CPT stage. The double modulation coherent bichromatic light, in which the phase modulation mentioned in step 1) and the polarization modulation between left and right circular polarization are implemented synchronously, interacts with a quantum resonance system, forms the DM CPT and prepares the quantum resonance system into a CPT state with maximum clock ...

ATOMIC OSCILLATOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ATOMIC OSCILLATOR

An atomic oscillator includes a plurality of components, the components including a light source that emits excitation light, a gas cell in which an atom to be excited by the excitation light is sealed, and a photodetector that detects the excitation light transmitting through the gas cell; and a main part, wherein a part of the plurality of components are laminated in the main part. In a first component and a second component adjacent to each other of the main part, an electrically conductive film is formed on each of side surfaces of the first component and the second component; bonding patterns that are extended from the respective electrically conductive films and that face each other are formed on respective bonding surfaces facing each other of the first component and the second component; and the bonding patterns that face each other are bonded by a bonding material. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising: a light source that emits excitation light,', 'a gas cell in which an atom to be excited by the excitation light is sealed, and', 'a photodetector that detects the excitation light transmitting through the gas cell; and, 'a plurality of components, the plurality of components including'}a main part, wherein at least apart of the plurality of components is laminated in the main part,wherein, in a first component and a second component adjacent to each other of the main part, an electrically conductive film is formed on each of side surfaces of the first component and the second component; bonding patterns that are extended from the respective electrically conductive films and that face each other are formed on respective bonding surfaces facing each other of the first component and the second component; and the bonding patterns that face each other are bonded by a bonding material.2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein the photodetector includes claim 1 , as connecting terminals claim 1 , an anode terminal and a cathode terminal claim 1 ,wherein ...

CPT PHASE MODULATION AND DEMODULATION METHOD AND SYSTEM

The invention relates to a coherent population trapping (CPT) phase modulation and demodulation method and a system for implementing the method of this invention. The method comprises the following steps: Generating a coherent bichromatic light, in which the relative phase between the two frequency components is modulated with proper modulation depth. The phase modulated coherent bichromatic light interacts with a quantum resonance system, and prepares it alternately into two inverted CPT states. Detecting the transmitted light with a photodetector, two inverted dispersive CPT signals in two detection windows are observed. With synchronous phase demodulation, a CPT error signal is obtained, which is used for locking the local oscillator to implement a CPT atomic clock. 1. A CPT phase modulation and demodulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:1) providing a coherent bichromatic light.2) modulating the relative phase of the two frequency components in the coherent bichromatic light, wherein the modulation depth is π/2, i.e. the relative phase is switched between ϕ+0 and ϕ+π/2, in which ϕ is an initial arbitrary phase.3) interacting the phase modulated coherent bichromatic light with a quantum resonance system, then the quantum resonance system is prepared alternately into two inverted dispersive CPT states.4) converting the coherent bichromatic light transmitted from the quantum resonance system into an electric signal by a photodetector, demodulating synchronously the electric signal to obtain an error signal, feeding back and locking the local oscillation frequency, and realizing an atomic clock.2. A CPT phase modulation and demodulation method of claim 1 , wherein the quantum resonance system comprises a CPT resonance energy level structure from two ground states to the same excited state claim 1 , and adopts hydrogen atoms (H) claim 1 , alkali metals (Li claim 1 , Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Cs) claim 1 , Hg claim 1 , Ca claim ...

NON-CONTACT CONFINEMENT AND VIBRATIONAL ISOLATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RESONATORS

Systems and methods providing non-contact confinement and vibration isolation of electromagnetic resonators are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a device includes an electromagnetic resonator body. The device further includes a frame enclosing a volume, wherein the electromagnetic resonator is located within the volume. Additionally, the device includes a plurality of body electrodes mounted on the electromagnetic resonator body. Also, the device includes a plurality of frame electrodes mounted on the frame. Moreover, the device includes an electrode controller, wherein the electrode controller drives the plurality of frame electrodes to isolate the electromagnetic resonator body from vibrations to the frame by allowing a rattle space between external surfaces of the electromagnetic resonator body and internal surfaces of the frame to approach but be greater than zero. 1. A device comprising:an electromagnetic resonator body;a frame enclosing a volume, wherein the electromagnetic resonator body is located within the volume;a plurality of body electrodes mounted on the electromagnetic resonator body;a plurality of frame electrodes mounted on the frame; andan electrode controller, wherein the electrode controller drives the plurality of frame electrodes to isolate the electromagnetic resonator body from vibrations to the frame by allowing a rattle space between external surfaces of the electromagnetic resonator body and internal surfaces of the frame to approach but be greater than zero.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of body electrodes and the plurality of frame electrodes are placed at locations such that when the plurality of frame electrodes are driven by the electrode controller claim 1 , forces exerted by the plurality of frame electrodes do not excite mechanical modes of the body.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the locations are associated with the nodes and anti-nodes of the internal modes of the body as determined using mechanical ...

ATOMIC OSCILLATOR AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An atomic oscillator includes a light source, a gas cell including an internal space in which an alkali metal atom is sealed, and a photodetector to detect light emitted from the light source and passing through the gas cell. A radiation region of the light source is wider than a sectional area of the internal space at a distal end of the gas cell relative to the light source. 1. An atomic oscillator , comprising:a light source;a gas cell including an internal space in which an alkali metal atom is sealed; anda light detecting portion to detect light emitted from the light source and passing through the gas cell; whereina radiation region of the light source is wider than a sectional area of the internal space at a distal end of the gas cell relative to the light source.2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein a width of the radiation region of the light source increases in the internal space toward the light detecting portion.3. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein the gas cell comprises:an entrance window at which the light from the light source enters the gas cell, the entrance window being provided at a proximal end of the gas cell relative to the light source;an exit window at which the light passing through the internal space exits the gas cell toward the light detecting portion, the exit window being provided at the distal end of the gas cell; anda lateral wall that defines the entrance window and the exit window; andthe lateral wall includes a light blocking portion defined by a light absorbing member.4. The atomic oscillator according to claim 3 , wherein the light blocking portion has a light absorption coefficient of about 23 cmor more.5. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , further comprising:a light blocking member to block a portion of the light emitted from the light source so that the portion of the light does not enter the gas cell; whereinthe light blocking member is provided between the light source and the ...

LAUNCH STRUCTURES FOR A HERMETICALLY SEALED CAVITY

An apparatus includes a substrate containing a cavity and a dielectric structure covering at least a portion of the cavity. The cavity is hermetically sealed. The apparatus also may include a launch structure formed on the dielectric structure and outside the hermetically sealed cavity. The launch structure is configured to cause radio frequency (RF) energy flowing in a first direction to enter the hermetically sealed cavity through the dielectric structure in a direction orthogonal to the first direction. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a substrate containing a cavity;a dielectric structure covering at least a portion of the cavity, wherein the cavity is hermetically sealed; anda launch structure formed on the dielectric structure and outside the hermetically sealed cavity, wherein the launch structure is configured to cause radio frequency (RF) energy flowing in a first direction to enter the hermetically sealed cavity through the dielectric structure in a direction orthogonal to the first direction.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the launch structure comprises a rectangular waveguide and a first inductive current loop conductive element;the apparatus further includes a second inductive current loop conductive element in a layer between the dielectric structure and the substrate; andthe first and second inductive current loop conductive elements are aligned so that a current in the first inductive current loop conductive element induces a current in the second inductive current loop conductive element.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the rectangular waveguide is a WR5 waveguide.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transmission line comprises a coplanar waveguide claim 1 , and wherein the apparatus further includes a metal layer between the dielectric and the substrate claim 1 , the metal layer including an iris through which the RF energy enters into the cavity from the transmission line.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the iris comprises a ...

Systems and Methods for Digital Synthesis of Output Signals Using Resonators

Systems and methods for digital synthesis of an output signal using a frequency generated from a resonator and computing amplitude values that take into account temperature variations and resonant frequency variations resulting from manufacturing variability are described. A direct frequency synthesizer architecture is leveraged on a high Q resonator, such as a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR), a spectral multiband resonator (SMR), and a contour mode resonator (CMR) and is used to generate pristine signals. 1. A direct frequency synthesizer comprising:a high speed resonator that generates a frequency signal;an oscillator that receives the frequency signal and generates an output signal;a clock generator that receives the output signal of the oscillator and generates a clock signal from the output signal;a controller that generates a frequency control word describing a desired output digital signal; anda direct digital frequency synthesizer that receives the clock signal and the frequency control word and generates a desired digital output signal based on the clock signal and frequency control word.2. The direct frequency synthesizer of further comprising:a high speed digital to analog converter that receives the output signal from the oscillator and the desired digital output signal from the direct digital frequency synthesizer and outputs an analog signal based on the desired digital output signal.3. The direct frequency synthesizer of further comprising:frequency compensation circuitry that generates a frequency compensation value to adjust for errors in the frequency signal generated by the high speed resonator and adds the frequency compensation value to the frequency control word.4. The direct frequency synthesizer of wherein the frequency compensation circuitry comprises:a temperature sensor that measure an operating temperature; andwherein the frequency compensation circuitry uses the operating temperature to calculate a correct amplitude value for ...

Miniature atomic clock with pulse mode operation

A miniature atomic clock with pulse mode operation. The clock includes: a local oscillator; a dual-frequency laser source; a pulsing element to pulse the output signal from the source according to a Ramsey-type interrogation sequence having pulses with duration T separated by intervals with duration T; an alkaline vapour microcell; a photodiode; a feedback control loop for controlling the microwave frequency of the local oscillator; and a feedback control loop for controlling the optical frequency of the source by using a pulse control block receiving the output signal from the photodiode and the interrogation sequence, and providing a correction signal to the source. During the period T, the block extracts an error signal from the output signal received from the photodiode and generates the correction signal from the error signal. During the period T, the block resets the error signal to zero and generates the correction signal by extrapolation. 1. A miniature atomic clock with pulse mode operation and comprising:a local oscillator having a microwave frequency;a dual-frequency laser source receiving an output signal from the local oscillator and having an optical frequency;{'b': 1', '2, 'means for pulsing an output signal from the dual-frequency laser source, according to a Ramsey-type interrogation sequence comprising pulses with a duration T separated by intervals with a duration T;'}an alkaline vapour microcell receiving the output signal from the dual-frequency laser source and using coherent population trapping;a photodiode receiving an output signal from the alkaline vapour microcell;a feedback control loop for controlling the microwave frequency, receiving an output signal from the photodiode and configured to control the microwave frequency of the local oscillator at a microwave frequency setpoint according to the alkaline vapour microcell; and [{'b': '1', 'during the period T, extracting an error signal from the output signal received from the photodiode ...

Optical module and atomic oscillator

An optical module of an atomic oscillator includes: a surface emitting laser adapted to emit light; a depolarization element irradiated with the light emitted from the surface emitting laser, and adapted to dissolve a polarization state of the light irradiated; a polarization element irradiated with light having been transmitted through the depolarization element; a λ/4 plate irradiated with light having been transmitted through the polarization element, and having a fast axis disposed so as to rotate by 45 degrees with respect to a polarization transmission axis of the polarization element; a gas cell encapsulating an alkali metal gas, and irradiated with light having been transmitted through the λ/4 plate; and a light detection section adapted to detect intensity of light having been transmitted through the gas cell.

Atomic oscillator

An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell having alkali metal atoms sealed therein; alight source that irradiates the gas cell with light; and a light detecting unit that detects the quantity of light transmitted through the gas cell. The light source includes an optical oscillation layer having a first reflective layer, an active layer, and a second reflective layer laminated therein in this order, an electrical field absorption layer having a first semiconductor layer, a quantum well layer, and a second semiconductor layer laminated therein in this order, and a heat diffusion layer that is disposed between the optical oscillation layer and the electrical field absorption layer and has a higher thermal conductivity than that of the second reflective layer.

Timing signal generating device, electronic apparatus, moving object, method of generating timing signals, and method of controlling satellite signal receiver

A timing signal generating device includes a GPS receiver and a processing unit. The GPS receiver functions as a positioning calculation unit, and receives satellite signals transmitted from GPS satellites and performs positioning calculation based on trajectory information and time information contained in the received satellite signals. Further, the processing unit functions as a position information generation unit, and generates position information of a receiving point based on a mode value or a median value in results of the positioning calculation at a plurality of times by the GPS receiver.

Atomic cell manufacturing method, atomic cell, quantum interference device, atomic oscillator, electronic device, and moving object

An atomic cell manufacturing method includes a preparing process of preparing a structure that includes a wall portion which forms an inner space and a portion thereof is a light transmission portion, and in which liquid or solid alkaline metals are disposed in the light transmission portion, and an adjusting process of adjusting distribution such that alkaline metals are distributed so as to be intensively disposed on an outer circumferential portion side of the light transmission portion compared to a center portion of the light transmission portion, by heating the light transmission portion.

Independent fiber-optic reference apparatuses and methods thereof

A reference management apparatus includes a reference signal housing, a fixed length propagation device, an oscillator device, and a reference management computing device. The reference signal housing having a propagation signal output and a propagation signal input. The fixed length propagation device is coupled between the propagation signal output and the propagation signal input. The reference signal management computing device is coupled to the oscillator device and the propagation signal input. The reference signal management computing device also comprises at least one of configurable hardware logic configured to implement or a memory coupled to the processor which is configured to be capable of executing programmed instructions comprising and stored in the memory to: detect a start and an end of a transmission of at least one pulse signal through the fixed length propagation device; measure propagation time of the at least one pulse signal through the fixed length propagation device; and utilize the measured propagation time for managing a reference signal.

WIRELESS TIME SERVICING METHOD, DEVICE, AND SYSTEM

Provided is a wireless time servicing method, device and system. The wireless time servicing method includes: obtaining absolute time information sent by an external clock source; correcting a system time of a master station according to the absolute time information; broadcasting path information to a slave station; receiving feedback from the slave station in response to the path information, calculating a transmission path delay between the master station and the slave station, and storing the transmission path delay in the time information; and sending the time information to the slave station. 1. A wireless time servicing method applied to a master station in a wireless time servicing system , the wireless time servicing method comprising:obtaining absolute time information sent by an external clock source;correcting a system time of the master station according to the absolute time information;broadcasting path information to a slave station;receiving a feedback from the slave station in response to the path information, calculating a transmission path delay between the master station and the slave station, and storing the transmission path delay in the time information; andsending the time information to the slave station.2. The wireless time servicing method of claim 1 , wherein the operation of correcting the system time of the master station according to the absolute time information comprises:performing atomic clock taming using different taming periods depending on an input signal precision of different external clock sources.3. The wireless time servicing method of claim 2 , wherein the operation of performing atomic clock taming using different taming periods depending on the input signal precision of different external clock sources comprises:in the case where the external clock source has a signal output with a poor steady-state variance, setting the taming period to 5000 seconds; andin the case where the external clock source is a high-precision ...

CONTROLLING ALKALINE EARTH ATOMS FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING AND METROLOGY APPLICATIONS

An apparatus for individually trapping atoms, individually imaging the atoms, and individually cooling the atoms to prevent loss of the atoms from the trap caused by the imaging. The apparatus can be implemented in various quantum computing, sensing, and metrology applications (e.g., in an atomic clock). 1. An apparatus for trapping , imaging , and cooling one or more atoms , comprising:one or more lasers emitting one or more first laser beams, one or more second laser beams, and one or more third laser beams;one or more atoms, wherein:the one or more first laser beams generate one or more traps each comprising a trapping potential, each of the trapping potentials trapping a single one of the atoms, andeach of the atoms have three energy levels including:a first energy level;a second energy level having an energy higher than the first energy level; anda third energy level;the one or more second laser beams irradiate the one or more atoms so as to generate fluorescence from each of the atoms, and the one or more second laser beams have a frequency and a polarization tuned to excite a first transition between the first energy level and the second energy level so that the fluorescence comprises spontaneous emission from the second energy level back to the first energy level;the one or more third laser beams irradiate the one or more atoms so as to cool each of the atoms; anda detector receiving the fluorescence so as to generate an image of each of the atoms from the fluorescence.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , comprising:a first objective focusing the first laser beams at one or more foci so as to generate each of the trapping potentials at each of the foci.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the atoms comprise alkaline earth atoms or alkaline earth like atoms,in a ground state, the atoms each comprise two valence electrons in the first energy level comprising an s shell, forming a spin singlet state,in a first excited state, the atoms each comprise 1 valence electron ...

ATOMIC CLOCK SYSTEM

An atomic clock system includes a magneto-optical trap (MOT) system that traps alkali metal atoms in a cell during a trapping stage of each of sequential coherent population trapping (CPT) cycles. The system also includes an interrogation system that generates an optical difference beam comprising a first optical beam having a first frequency and a second optical beam having a second frequency different from the first frequency. The interrogation system includes a direction controller that periodically alternates a direction of the optical difference beam through the cell during a CPT interrogation stage of each of the sequential clock measurement cycles to drive CPT interrogation of the trapped alkali metal atoms. The system also includes an oscillator system that adjusts a frequency of a local oscillator based on an optical response of the CPT interrogated alkali metal atoms during a state readout stage in each of the sequential clock measurement cycles. 1. An atomic clock system comprising:an optical trapping system that traps alkali metal atoms in a cell during a trapping stage of each of sequential clock measurement cycles;an interrogation system that generates a optical difference beam to drive coherent population trapping (CPT) interrogation of the alkali metal atoms, the optical difference beam comprising a first optical beam having a first frequency and a second optical beam having a second frequency different from the first frequency; andan oscillator system that adjusts a frequency of a local oscillator based on an optical response of the CPT interrogated alkali metal atoms in response to the optical difference beam during a state readout stage.2. The system of claim 1 , the interrogation system comprising a direction controller that periodically alternates a direction of the optical difference beam through the cell during a CPT interrogation stage of each of the sequential clock measurement cycles.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the oscillator system ...

Signal augmentation method in spectroscopy device using vapor cell and spectroscopy device using the same

A method is disclosed for increasing an intensity of a signal detected in a spectroscopy device using a vapor cell and a spectroscopy device using the same. An operation method of the spectroscopy device may include: causing a first light for exciting an atom trapped in a vapor cell in a first hyperfine ground state to a first excited state to be incident on the vapor cell; causing a second light for exciting an atom trapped in the vapor cell in a second hyperfine ground state to a second excited state to be incident on the vapor cell; causing a third light for exciting the atom in the second excited state to a third excited state to be incident on the vapor cell; and detecting fluorescence which is emitted while the atom in the third excited state returns to the ground state.

OPTICALLY PUMPED ATOMIC CLOCK AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS

An optically pumped atomic clock includes an optically pumped atomic resonator provided with a vacuum-tight envelope equipped with optical interfaces and comprising, inside the vacuum-tight envelope a resonant cavity, optical mirrors, and caesium traps made of graphite, and outside the vacuum-tight envelope a vacuum pump, a magnetic shield, a magnetic field coil, an RF cable, a caesium oven, and an interface for connection with the caesium oven. 1. An optically pumped atomic clock comprising:an optically pumped atomic resonator provided with a vacuum-tight envelope equipped with optical interfaces and comprising, inside the vacuum-tight envelope:a resonant cavity optical mirrors, andcaesium traps made of graphite, andoutside the vacuum-tight envelope:a vacuum pump,a magnetic shield,a magnetic field coil,an RF cable,a caesium oven, andan interface for connection with the caesium oven.2. The optically pumped atomic clock according to claim 1 , wherein the vacuum-tight envelope is made of titanium.3. The optically pumped atomic clock according to claim 1 , wherein the vacuum-tight envelope comprises two portions and a brazing alloy joining the two portions of the vacuum-tight envelope.4. The optically pumped atomic clock according to claim 3 , wherein the brazing alloy comprises titanium.5. The optically pumped atomic clock according to claim 3 , wherein the brazing alloy comprises gold.6. The optically pumped atomic clock according to claim 3 , wherein the brazing alloy comprises copper.7. The optically pumped atomic clock according to claim 1 , wherein said resonant cavity and said optical components comprise a copper coating.8. A process for manufacturing an optically pumped atomic clock according to claim 1 , comprising a step of manufacturing an optically pumped atomic resonator provided with a vacuum-tight envelope comprising sub-steps consisting in: producing two portions of the vacuum-tight envelope by 3-D printing; and brazing alloying the two portions of the ...

EXTENDED SIGNAL PATHS IN MICROFABRICATED SENSORS

A microfabricated sensor includes a first reflector and a second reflector in a sensor cell, separated by a cavity path segment through a sensor cavity in the sensor cell. A signal window is part of the sensor cell. A signal emitter and a signal detector are disposed outside of the sensor cavity. The signal emitter is separated from the first reflector by an emitter path segment which extends through the signal window. The second reflector is separated from the second reflector by a detector path segment which extends through the signal window. 1. A microfabricated sensor , comprising: a cell body;', 'a signal window attached to the cell body, wherein the cell body and the signal window at least partially enclose a sensor cavity;', 'a first reflector; and', 'a second reflector separated from the first reflector by a cavity path segment which is located in the sensor cavity;, 'a sensor cell, comprisinga signal emitter disposed outside the sensor cavity and separated from the first reflector by an emitter path segment which extends through the signal window; anda signal detector disposed outside the sensor cavity and separated from the second reflector by a detector path segment which extends through the signal window.2. The microfabricated sensor of claim 1 , wherein:the cell body comprises single crystal silicon;the first reflector is defined by a first crystallographic plane of the cell body; andthe second reflector is defined by a second crystallographic plane of the cell body.3. The microfabricated sensor of claim 2 , wherein:the cell body has a crystal orientation that is about 9.7 degrees off of a <100> orientation;the first reflector is defined by a first <111> crystallographic plane of the cell body;the first reflector has an angle of about 45 degrees with the signal window; andthe second reflector is defined by a second <111> crystallographic plane of the cell body; andthe second reflector has an angle of about 45 degrees with the signal window.4. The ...

Micro-resonator-based frequency comb terahertz ion clock

An ion-based atomic clock comprising an ion trap configured to trap a plurality of ions; and a micro-resonator-based frequency comb configured to directly drive a terahertz transition between metastable levels in the trapped plurality of ions. The micro-resonator-based frequency comb may be configured to directly drive a 24 terahertz transition in at least one Ba + ion, a 8.4 terahertz transition in at least one Sr + ion, or a 1.8 terahertz transition in at least one Ca + ion. The micro-resonator-based frequency comb may be configured to provide output similar to a pulsed laser. The ion-based atomic clock may be free of a carrier-offset-stabilized frequency comb. The ion-based atomic clock may comprise a mini-vacuum ion trap assembly. Polarization of the micro-resonator-based frequency comb may be tuned to make the ion-based atomic clock be insensitive to laser light power fluctuations.

FREQUENCY SIGNAL GENERATION APPARATUS AND FREQUENCY SIGNAL GENERATION SYSTEM

A frequency signal generation apparatus includes an atom cell including a first part including gaseous alkali metal atoms and a second part including liquid alkali metal atoms. A first temperature controller controls the first part's temperature. A second temperature controller controls the second part's temperature to be lower than that of the first part. First and second temperature detectors respectively detect the first and second parts' temperatures. The first temperature controller and the second temperature detector are thermally connected. The second temperature controller and the first temperature detector are thermally connected. The phase of a temperature control loop of the first part including the first temperature controller and the first temperature detector and the phase of a temperature control loop of the second part including the second temperature controller and the second temperature detector are different. 1. A frequency signal generation apparatus comprising:a light source; a first part with gaseous alkali metal atoms therein and through which light output from the light source passes; and', 'a second part with liquid alkali metal atoms therein;, 'an atom cell includinga first temperature control element that controls a temperature of the first part;a second temperature control element that controls a temperature of the second part to be at a lower temperature than the temperature of the first part;a first temperature detection element that detects the temperature of the first part; anda second temperature detection element that detects the temperature of the second part,wherein the first temperature control element is thermally connected to the second temperature detection element,the second temperature control element is thermally connected to the first temperature detection element, anda first temperature control loop of the first part includes the first temperature control element and the first temperature detection element, the first ...

Electromagnetic scanning metronome

An electromagnetic scanning metronome comprises a laser to produce a beam of light, and comprises a surface to reflect the beam of light to produce a visible line of light which extends over an image of sheet music. The metronome includes apparatus to move the laser and visible line of light from left to right with respect to the image of sheet music.

ATOMIC CLOCK

In the present invention a new atomic clock is proposed comprising: at least one light source adapted to provide an optical beam, at least one photo detector and a vapor cell comprising a first optical window, said optical beam being directed through said vapor cell for providing an optical frequency reference signal, said photo detector being adapted to detect said optical frequency reference signal and to generate at least one reference signal, wherein—said atomic clock comprises a first optical waveguide arranged to said first optical window, said first optical waveguide being arranged to incouple at least a portion of said optical beam, said first optical waveguide being sized and shaped so that said first guided light beam is expanded,—a first outcoupler is arranged to outcouple at least a portion of said guided light beam to said vapor cell,—the thickness t of the atomic clock is smaller than 15 mm. 1. An atomic clock comprising at least one light source adapted to provide an optical beam , at least one photo detector and a vapor cell comprising a first optical window , said optical beam being directed through said vapor cell for providing an optical frequency reference signal , said photo detector being adapted to detect said optical frequency reference signal and to generate at least one reference signal , said atomic clock further comprises a first optical waveguide arranged to said first optical window,', 'said first optical waveguide is a substantially flat optical waveguide, defining a first surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface, and comprising a first edge at one of the longitudinal extremities of the first optical waveguide,', 'said first optical waveguide comprises an incoupling surface facing said light source and arranged to incouple at least a portion of said optical beam into said first optical waveguide, said portion providing a first guided light beam propagating into said first optical waveguide, said first optical ...

Systems and Methods for Digital Synthesis of Output Signals Using Resonators

Systems and methods for digital synthesis of an output signal using a frequency generated from a resonator and computing amplitude values that take into account temperature variations and resonant frequency variations resulting from manufacturing variability are described. A direct frequency synthesizer architecture is leveraged on a high Q resonator, such as a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR), a spectral multiband resonator (SMR), and a contour mode resonator (CMR) and is used to generate pristine signals. 1. A direct frequency synthesizer comprising:a high speed resonator that generates a frequency signal;an oscillator that receives the frequency signal and generates an output signal;a clock generator that receives the output signal of the oscillator and generates a clock signal from the output signal;a controller that generates a frequency control word describing a desired output digital signal; anda direct digital frequency synthesizer that receives the clock signal and the frequency control word and generates a desired digital output signal based on the clock signal and frequency control word.2. The direct frequency synthesizer of further comprising:a high speed digital to analog converter that receives the output signal from the oscillator and the desired digital output signal from the direct digital frequency synthesizer and outputs an analog signal based on the desired digital output signal.3. The direct frequency synthesizer of further comprising:frequency compensation circuitry that generates a frequency compensation value to adjust for errors in the frequency signal generated by the high speed resonator and adds the frequency compensation value to the frequency control word.4. The direct frequency synthesizer of wherein the frequency compensation circuitry comprises:a temperature sensor that measure an operating temperature; andwherein the frequency compensation circuitry uses the operating temperature to calculate a correct amplitude value for ...

MAGNETICALLY COMPENSATED CHIP SCALE ATOMIC CLOCK

In described examples, a physics cell includes: a laser source configured to emit light towards an atomic chamber containing an atomic gas; a photodetector configured to receive emissions from the atomic chamber; and a field coil for generating a magnetic field in the atomic chamber. An electronics circuit includes: a controller circuit coupled to the photodetector output and having control outputs to a digital to analog converter circuit; the digital to analog converter circuit having a coil current output to adjust the magnetic field, a modulation control output to control a modulation of the light, and having an output to control a voltage controlled oscillator; and a radio-frequency output circuit having a voltage controlled oscillator coupled to the output of the digital to analog converter circuit outputting a radio frequency signal to the laser source in the physics cell. 1. An apparatus , comprising: an atomic chamber containing an atomic gas;', 'a laser source having a laser control input, the laser source configured to generate light responsive to a laser control signal at the laser control input;', 'a modulator having a modulator control input, the modulator configured to modulate the light responsive to a modulator control signal at the modulator control input and to emit the modulated light towards the atomic chamber;', 'a photodetector having a photodetector output, the photodetector configured to receive light emissions from the atomic chamber and to generate photodetector signals at the photodetector output responsive to the received light; and', 'a field coil around the atomic chamber, the field coil having a coil control input, the field coil configured to generate a magnetic field in the atomic chamber by conducting a current in the field coil responsive to a coil control signal at the coil control input; and, 'a physics cell including a frequency synthesizer having a frequency output coupled to the laser control input, the frequency synthesizer ...

VAPOR CELL STRUCTURE HAVING CAVITIES CONNECTED BY CHANNELS FOR MICRO-FABRICATED ATOMIC CLOCKS, MAGNETOMETERS, AND OTHER DEVICES

A first apparatus includes a vapor cell having first and second cavities fluidly connected by multiple channels. The first cavity is configured to receive a material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell. The second cavity is configured to receive the one or more gases. The vapor cell is configured to allow radiation to pass through the second cavity. A second apparatus includes a vapor cell having a first wafer with first and second cavities and a second wafer with one or more channels fluidly connecting the cavities. The first cavity is configured to receive a material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell. The second cavity is configured to receive the one or more gases. The vapor cell is configured to allow radiation to pass through the second cavity. 1. An apparatus comprising:a vapor cell having first and second cavities fluidly connected by at least one channel;the first cavity configured to receive a material able to dissociate into one or more gases that are contained within the vapor cell; the second cavity configured to receive the one or more gases;wherein the vapor cell is configured to allow radiation to pass through the second cavity;a silicon wafer comprising the cavities and the at least one channel; andan optically transparent wafer secured to the silicon wafer, wherein the optically transparent wafer is thinner in a location proximate to the first cavity than at a location proximate the second cavity and wherein the first and second cavities do not extend into the optically transparent wafer.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises an alkali-based material able to dissociate into a metal vapor and a buffer gas.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises cesium azide (CsN) and is able to dissociate into cesium vapor and nitrogen gas (N).4. A system comprising: first and second cavities fluidly connected by at least one ...

ATOMIC OSCILLATOR

An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell that has metal atoms sealed therein, a heating unit that heats the gas cell, a heat transmission unit that is positioned between the gas cell and the heating unit, is thermally connected to the gas cell, and transmits heat generated by the heating unit to the gas cell, and a light absorbing unit that is thermally connected to the gas cell so as to be separated from the heat transmission unit and absorbs heat of the gas cell. The heat transmission unit includes a gas cell accommodation portion including at least a pair of gas cell accommodation walls disposed outside the gas cell, and a thermal conductive elastic member which is interposed in a gap formed by the gas cell and the gas cell accommodation walls of the heat transmission unit. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising:a gas cell that is configured with a pair of window members and a wall so that the gas cell has an inner space enclosed by the pair of window members and the wall, the pair of window members being opposite to each other, metal atoms being sealed in the inner space, the wall having first, second, third, and fourth side frames, the third and fourth side frames being connected between the first and second side frames, the first, second, third, and fourth frames being connected to the pair of window members;a heater configured to heat the gas cell, the heater being provided at a side directly adjacent to the first side frame of the gas cell;a heat transmission member that is coupled to the first, third, and fourth side frames and part of the pair of window members so as to thermally connect the heater to the gas cell and to transmit heat generated by the heater to the gas cell;a heat absorbing member that is coupled to the second, third, and fourth side frames and part of the pair of window members so as to be thermally connected to the gas cell and to absorb heat of the gas cell and dissipate the heat to an outside of the gas cell;a first thermal conductive ...

Atomic Oscillator

An atomic oscillator includes an atom cell that accommodates an alkali metal atom, a heating device that heats the atom cell, a container that includes a first magnetism shielding member that is disposed between the heating device and the atom cell and a second magnetism shielding member that is disposed on the side opposite the atom cell with respect to the heating device to shield the atom cell from magnetism produced by the heating device, and a thermally insulating member disposed between the first member and the second member. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising:an atom cell that accommodates an alkali metal atom therein;a heating device that heats the atom cell; a first magnetism shielding member disposed between the heating device and the atom cell; and', 'a second magnetism shielding member disposed on an opposite side of the heating device with respect to the atom cell; and, 'a container housing the heating device and includinga thermally insulating member disposed between the first member and the second member, the thermally insulating member being shifted toward the second member relative to the heating device.2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , further comprising:a screw that fixes the first member to the second member,wherein the first member has a through hole through which the screw passes, andthe thermally insulating member is disposed in the through hole so as to be located between the screw and the first member within the through hole.3. The atomic oscillator according to claim 2 , a first portion disposed between the first member and the second member; and', 'a second portion disposed within the through hole., 'wherein the thermally insulating member is a washer, the washer including4. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 ,wherein the thermally insulating member is disposed between the heating device and the second member.5. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 , further comprising:a screw that fixes the first member to the ...

Atomic Oscillator

An atomic oscillator includes an atom cell that accommodates an alkali metal atom, a container that accommodates the atom cell, a heating device that is disposed in the container and heats the atom cell, a substrate on which the container is disposed, and a positioning member that is disposed on the substrate and positions the container. The atom cell is pressed against the container toward the heating device. The heating device is pressed against the container toward the atom cell, and the container is in turn pressed against the positioning member. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising:an atom cell that accommodates an alkali metal atom therein;a container that accommodates the atom cell therein;a heating device that is disposed adjacent the container and is configured to heat the atom cell;a substrate on which the container is disposed; anda positioning member that is disposed on the substrate and positions the container relative to the substrate,wherein the atom cell is pressed against the container toward the heating device, andthe heating device is pressed against the container toward the atom cell, and the container is in turn pressed against the positioning member.2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 ,wherein the container has a first surface on which the heating device is disposed and a second surface located on a side opposite the first surface, andthe second surface is pressed against the positioning member.3. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 ,further comprising a heating device holding member that holds the heating device,wherein the heating device holding member is pressed against the container toward the atom cell.4. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 ,further comprising an atom cell holding member that holds the atom cell and is accommodated in the container,wherein the atom cell holding member is pressed against the container toward the heating device.5. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 ,further comprising another ...

ATOMIC OSCILLATOR

An atomic oscillator includes a light source unit including a light source and a first temperature control device controlling the light source to have a first temperature, an atom cell unit including an atom cell accommodating an alkali metal atom and that light emitted from the light source enters and a second temperature control device controlling the atom cell to have a second temperature different from the first temperature, and a container accommodating the light source unit and the atom cell unit and has a first surface and a second surface different from the first surface. The light source unit is mounted to the first surface, and an air gap is present between the light source unit and the second surface. The atom cell unit is mounted to the second surface, and an air gap is present between the atom cell unit and the first surface. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising: a light source; and', 'a first temperature control device configured to control a first temperature of the light source;, 'a light source assembly including an atom cell accommodating an alkali metal atom therein and receiving light emitted from the light source; and', 'a second temperature control device configured to control a second temperature of the atom cell, the second temperature being different from the first temperature; and, 'an atom cell assembly includinga container housing the light source assembly and the atom cell assembly therein, the container having a first surface and a second surface, the second surface being different from the first surface,wherein the light source assembly is mounted to the first surface,a first air gap is present between the light source assembly and the second surface,the atom cell assembly is mounted to the second surface, anda second air gap is present between the atom cell assembly and the first surface.2. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1 ,wherein the first surface and the second surface face each other.3. The atomic oscillator according to ...

HERMETICALLY SEALED PACKAGE FOR MM-WAVE MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY CELL

Disclosed examples provide gas cells and a method of fabricating a gas cell, including forming a cavity in a first substrate, forming a first conductive material on a sidewall of the cavity, forming a glass layer on the first conductive material, forming a second conductive material on a bottom side of a second substrate, etching the second conductive material to form apertures through the second conductive material, forming conductive coupling structures on a top side of the second substrate, and bonding a portion of the bottom side of the second substrate to a portion of the first side of the first substrate to seal the cavity.

ROBUST RAMSEY SEQUENCES WITH RAMAN ADIABATIC RAPID PASSAGE

Methods and apparatus provide for inertial sensing and atomic time-keeping based on atom interferometry. According to one example a method for inertial sensing includes trapping and cooling a cloud of atoms, applying a first beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms, applying a mirror sequence to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the first beam splitter pulse sequence, applying a second beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the mirror sequence, modulating at least one of a phase and an intensity of at least one of the first and the second beam splitter pulse sequences, performing at least one measurement subsequent to applying the second beam splitter pulse on the cloud of atoms during an interrogation time, and generating a control signal based on the at least one measurement. 1. A method for inertial sensing , comprising:trapping and cooling a cloud of atoms to a predetermined temperature;applying a first beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms;after a first predetermined dwell time, applying a mirror sequence to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the first beam splitter pulse sequence;after a second predetermined dwell time, applying a second beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the mirror sequence;modulating at least one of a phase and an intensity of at least one of the first and the second beam splitter pulse sequences;performing at least one measurement subsequent to applying the second beam splitter pulse on the cloud of atoms during an interrogation time; andgenerating a control signal based on the at least one measurement.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and the second beam splitter pulse sequences is a π/2 adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) pulse sequence.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mirror sequence is a π ARP sequence.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein modulating includes nonlinear modulation of the phase.5. The ...

PACKAGE FOR CHIP SCALE MAGNETOMETER OR ATOMIC CLOCK

A package for a chip scale atomic clock or magnetometer is disclosed. The package includes a vapor cell using an alkali metal vapor, first and second photodetectors, and a laser operable at a frequency that excites an electron transition in the alkali metal vapor. The laser is positioned to provide an optical signal directed through the vapor cell and towards the first photodetector. The package further contains a polarizing beam splitter, the polarizing beam splitter positioned between the vapor cell and the first photodetector to receive the optical signal and to split the optical signal into a first signal directed toward the first photodetector and a second signal directed toward the second photodetector, the first signal being orthogonal to the second signal. 1. A package for a chip scale atomic clock or magnetometer , the package comprising:a vapor cell comprising an alkali metal vapor;first and second photodetectors;a laser operable at a frequency that excites an electron transition in the alkali metal vapor, the laser positioned to provide an optical signal directed through the vapor cell and towards the first photodetector; anda polarizing beam splitter, the polarizing beam splitter positioned between the vapor cell and the first photodetector to receive the optical signal and to split the optical signal into a first signal directed toward the first photodetector and a second signal directed toward the second photodetector, the first signal being orthogonal to the second signal.2. The package as recited in further comprising a reflector claim 1 , the reflector positioned to reflect the second signal from the polarizing beam splitter to the second photodetector.3. The package as recited in further comprising first claim 1 , second and third sets of conductive coils coupled to contact pads for a power source claim 1 , the first claim 1 , second and third sets of conductive coils arranged to magnetically isolate the vapor cell when powered.4. The package as ...

OPTICAL RESONATOR DEVICE WITH CROSSED CAVITIES FOR OPTICALLY TRAPPING ATOMS, AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF IN AN OPTICAL ATOMIC CLOCK, A QUANTUM SIMULATOR OR A QUANTUM COMPUTER

An optical resonator device () with crossed cavities, in particular being configured for optically trapping atoms, comprises a first linear optical resonator () extending between first resonator mirrors (A, B) along a first resonator light path () and supporting a first resonator mode, a second linear optical resonator () extending between second resonator mirrors (A, B) along a second resonator light path () and supporting a second resonator mode, wherein the first and second resonator light paths () span a main resonator plane, and a carrier device carrying the first and second resonator mirrors (A, B, A, B), wherein the first and second resonator mirrors () are arranged such that the first and second resonator modes cross each other for providing an optical lattice trap () in the main resonator plane. The carrier device comprises a monolithic spacer body () being made of an ultra-low-expansion material and comprising first carrier surfaces () accommodating the first resonator mirrors (A, B) and second carrier surfaces () accommodating the second resonator mirrors (A, B), wherein the first resonator light path () extends through a first spacer body bore () in the spacer body () between the first carrier surfaces (), and the second resonator light path () extends through a second spacer body bore () in the spacer body () between the second carrier surfaces (). Furthermore, an atom trapping method for creating a two-dimensional arrangement of atoms and an atom trap apparatus, like an optical atomic clock, a quantum simulation and/or a quantum computing device are described. 1. An optical resonator device with crossed cavities , comprisinga first linear optical resonator extending between first resonator mirrors along a first resonator light path and supporting a first resonator mode,a second linear optical resonator extending between second resonator mirrors along a second resonator light path and supporting a second resonator mode, wherein the first and second ...

INTERFERENCE-FREE MULTIFUNCTIONAL METRONOME FOR RHYTHM CONDUCTING

The present invention provides an interference-free multifunctional metronome for rhythm conducting, comprising a bottom plate, a control switch with a plug and a controller of a stepping motor, with a drive of the stepping motor, a DC switch power supply I, a stepping motor, a transmission mechanism, a driving mechanism and a pedal being provided on the bottom plate; the control switch with a plug is connected to the controller of the stepping motor through a circuit; the controller of the stepping motor is connected to the drive of the stepping motor and the DC switch power supply I through circuits, respectively; the drive of the stepping motor is connected to the DC switch power supply I and the stepping motor through circuits, respectively; the output shaft of the stepping motor is connected to the transmission mechanism; the transmission mechanism is connected to the driving mechanism; and, the driving mechanism is connected to the pedal through a connector. With the interference-free multifunctional metronome for rhythm conducting provided by the present invention, a music learner can master the rhythm better and more quickly, and the creation of music can be facilitated greatly, and more importantly, no adverse impact will be caused to users after long-term use. 1. An interference-free multifunctional metronome for rhythm conducting , comprising a bottom plate , a control switch with a plug and a controller of a stepping motor , with a drive of the stepping motor , a DC switch power supply I , a stepping motor , a transmission mechanism , a driving mechanism and a pedal being provided on the bottom plate; the control switch with a plug is connected to the controller of the stepping motor through a circuit; the controller of the stepping motor is connected to the drive of the stepping motor and the DC switch power supply I through circuits , respectively; the drive of the stepping motor is connected to the DC switch power supply I and the stepping motor ...

Quantum interference device, atomic oscillator, electronic device, and moving object

A quantum interference device includes: a gas cell housing metal atoms; a light emitting unit emitting light to the gas cell; a light receiving unit receiving light penetrating the gas cell; a cell temperature control unit controlling the gas cell temperature; a light emitting unit temperature control unit controlling the light emitting unit temperature; an analog circuit including a light receiving circuit which processes a light receiving signal output from the light receiving unit, and controls an atomic resonance signal; a digital circuit controlling the analog circuit; a first substrate; and a second substrate. The light receiving circuit is provided on the first substrate. At least one of the cell temperature control unit, the light emitting unit temperature control unit, and the digital circuit is provided on the second substrate. The first and second substrates at least partially overlap with each other in a plan view.

CONTACT RESPONSIVE METRONOME

A metronome includes a body, a sensor coupled to the body and a controller in communication with the sensor. The sensor is configured to detect one or more strikes by a user of the metronome. The controller is configured to receive a first user input to select a tap tempo mode, detect via the sensor a strike by the user on the body of the metronome, determine a tempo based on a plurality of strikes by the user. The controller is further configured to detect modulation of how the strikes are made to the body of the metronome and automatically adjust the tempo based on the detected modulation of the strike. 1. A metronome for use by a user , the metronome comprising:a body;a sensor coupled to the body and configured to detect one or more strikes on the body; anda controller in communication with the sensor, receive a first user input to select and enter into a tap tempo mode;', 'detect, via the sensor, a strike by the user on the body of the metronome;', 'determine a tempo based on a plurality of strikes by the user, the tempo being defined as a number of beats per minute;', 'detect modulation of how the strikes are made on the body of the metronome; and', 'automatically adjust the tempo based on the detected modulation of the strikes by the user., 'wherein the controller is configured to2. The metronome of claim 1 , wherein the tempo is determined based on a predetermined number of consecutive strikes by the user on the body of the metronome.3. The metronome of claim 1 , wherein the tempo is increased or decreased when the speed of the strikes is increased or decreased.4. The metronome of claim 1 , wherein when no strike by the user is detected after a plurality of consecutive beats claim 1 , the controller of the metronome is further configured to save the tempo as a current tempo setting and exit the tap tempo mode of the metronome.5. The metronome of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of consecutive beats comprises three consecutive beats.6. The metronome of claim 1 ...

Real-Time Clock Device And Electronic Apparatus

A real-time clock device includes a resonator, a clock signal generation circuit, a time-counting circuit, a terminal, and a time-to-digital conversion circuit. The clock signal generation circuit outputs a time-counting clock signal based on an oscillation clock signal. The time-counting circuit generates time-counting data based on the time-counting clock signal. An external signal is input to the terminal. The time-to-digital conversion circuit measures a time difference between a transition timing of a first signal based on the external signal and a transition timing of a second signal based on the oscillation clock signal or the time-counting clock signal with a resolution higher than a time-counting resolution of the time-counting circuit, and obtains time difference information corresponding to the time difference. 1. A real-time clock device comprising:a resonator;a clock signal generation circuit that has an oscillation circuit causing the resonator to oscillate to generate an oscillation clock signal, and that outputs a time-counting clock signal based on the oscillation clock signal;a time-counting circuit that generates time-counting data based on the time-counting clock signal;an external signal input terminal to which an external signal is input; anda time-to-digital conversion circuit that measures a time difference between a transition timing of a first signal based on the external signal input from the external signal input terminal and a transition timing of a second signal based on the oscillation clock signal or the time-counting clock signal with a resolution higher than a time-counting resolution of the time-counting circuit, and obtains time difference information corresponding to the time difference.2. The real-time clock device according to claim 1 , further comprising:an interface circuit that outputs output information based on the time-counting data and the time difference information.3. The real-time clock device according to claim 2 , ...

Optical Atomic Clock

An optical atomic clock utilizing two different laser light sources is described. A source laser is locked to a first optical resonator, which supports a whispering gallery mode for the source laser and generates optical hyperparametric sidebands from the source laser output by multi-wave mixing. A reference laser is locked to an atomic reference via a second optical resonator, and the first optical resonator is locked to the reference laser. Optical parametric sidebands, which are locked to an atomic reference but are generated from a wavelength unrelated to the clock transition of the atomic reference, are coupled out of the first optical resonator to generate an RF signal useful in atomic timekeeping. 1. A optical atomic clock , comprising:an optical resonator comprising an optical material exhibiting optical nonlinearity and configured to produce a plurality of optical hyperparametric sidebands as a result of nonlinear wave mixing;a first laser, operating at a first wavelength, that is optically coupled to the optical resonator by an optical coupler and that produces laser light that interacts with the optical material of the optical resonator to produce the optical hyperparametric sidebands;a first locking mechanism that locks the first laser to the optical resonator;an atomic reference device comprising atoms or molecules that provide an atomic or molecular clock transition;a second laser, operating at a second wavelength that corresponds to the atomic or molecular clock transition, that is locked to the atomic reference device by a second locking mechanism, wherein the second laser is in optical communication with the optical resonator;a third locking mechanism that locks the optical resonator to the second laser;an optical detector that receives light coupled by the optical coupler out of the optical resonator and is configured to convert the optical hyperparametric sidebands into an RF signal that is stabilized by the atomic or molecular transition of the ...

Spectroscopy Cavity with Digital Activation of Millimeter Wave Molecular Headspace

Millimeter wave energy is provided to a spectroscopy cavity of a spectroscopy device that contains interrogation molecules. The microwave energy is received after it traverses the spectroscopy cavity. The amount of interrogation molecules in the spectroscopy cavity is adjusted by activating a precursor material in one or more sub-cavities coupled to the spectroscopy cavity by a diffusion path to increase the amount of interrogation molecules or by activating the getter material in one or more sub-cavities coupled to the spectroscopy cavity by a diffusion path to decrease the amount of interrogation molecules. 1. A device comprising:a spectroscopy cavity formed in a substrate;gaseous interrogation molecules enclosed within a headspace the spectroscopy cavity;a sub-cavity, formed in the substrate, coupled to the spectroscopy cavity by a diffusion path to form a shared headspace; andtrimming material within the sub-cavity.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a resistive heater claim 1 , positioned adjacent the trimming material claim 1 , to activate the trimming material.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an inductive heater claim 1 , positioned adjacent the trimming material claim 1 , to activate the trimming material.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the trimming material is a precursor material for the interrogation molecules.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the trimming material is a getter material for the interrogation molecules.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sub-cavity is a first sub-cavity and the trimming material is a first trimming material claim 1 , further comprising a second sub-cavity formed in the substrate claim 1 , coupled to the spectroscopy by a diffusion path; and a second trimming material within the sub-cavity.7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the first trimming material is a precursor material for the interrogation molecules and the second trimming material is a getter material for the interrogation molecules.8. ...

ATOMIC OSCILLATOR AND A METHOD OF GENERATING ATOMIC OSCILLATION

An atomic oscillator includes: an atomic cell containing metal atoms; a light source generating light to be emitted to the atomic cell; a driver outputting a driving signal for driving the light source; a light detector detecting the light having passed through the atomic cell; a phase detector detecting an output of the light detector; a voltage controlled oscillator having an oscillation frequency adjusted based on the output detected by the phase detector; a phase modulator phase modulating an output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator and outputting the phase modulated signal; a frequency multiplier which outputs a microwave to the driver, the microwave being obtained by multiplying a frequency of the phase modulated signal; and a frequency divider which frequency divides the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator and outputs the frequency divided output signal to the phase detector and the phase modulator. 1. An atomic oscillator comprising:an atomic cell containing metal atoms;a light source configured to generate light to be emitted to the atomic cell;a driver configured to output a driving signal for driving the light source;a light detector configured to detect light that has passed through the atomic cell;a phase detector configured to detect an output of the light detector;a voltage controlled oscillator which has an oscillation frequency that is configured to be adjusted in correspondence with the output detected by the phase detector;a phase modulator configured to phase modulate an output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator to yield a phase modulated signal and to output the phase modulated signal;a frequency multiplier configured to output a microwave to the driver, the microwave being obtained by multiplying a frequency of the phase modulated signal; anda frequency divider configured to frequency divide the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator to yield a frequency divided output signal and to output the ...