Способ автоматической ориентации по Солнцу источников гелиоэнергетики и контур управления следящей системой

... 1. Способ автоматической ориентации объектов управления по источнику электромагнитного излучения, согласно которому в плоскости, перпендикулярной оси ориентации объектов управления, в двухмерной системе координат регистрируют уровень облучения приемника солнечного излучения, по разности интенсивности облучения приемника в пределах горизонтальной оси формируют сигнал отклонения объектов управления по азимуту, в пределах вертикальной оси - по углу места от действительного направления излучения, при этом при положительной полярности и уровне сигнала отклонения больше порога ограничения (чувствительности) формируют команду на включение соответствующего двигателя следящего привода; при отрицательной полярности и уровне сигнала отклонения больше порога ограничения (чувствительности) по абсолютной величине формируют команду на реверс соответствующего двигателя следящего привода; при уровне сигналов меньше порога ограничения (чувствительности) по абсолютной величине соответствующий привод следящей ...

Использующая энергию солнца система генерирования энергии

Cистема, использующая энергию солнца для генерирования энергии, включает в себя фотоэлектрический модуль, преобразователь энергии и устройство управления. Преобразователь энергии сконфигурирован, чтобы управлять выходным напряжением фотоэлектрического модуля так, чтобы выходное напряжение соответствовало целевому выходному напряжению. Устройство управления сконфигурировано, чтобы определять нижнее предельное значение целевого выходного напряжения на основе предложенной формулы. Предложенная формула связывает нижнее предельное значение целевого выходного напряжения с напряжением разомкнутой цепи фотоэлектрического модуля, количеством подключенных последовательно солнечных элементов, положительным значением напряжения обратного пробоя одного из солнечных элементов и допустимой ошибкой. Заявленное изобретение обеспечивает снижение степени аномального тепловыделения посредством процесса управления. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ОТСЛЕЖИВАНИЯ ТОЧКИ МОЩНОСТИ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ПАНЕЛИ, ОБЪЕДИНЕННОЕ С ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СРЕДСТВА

ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ НАГРЕВАТЕЛЬ

... 1. Фотоэлектрический нагреватель, реагирующий на колебания интенсивности падающего солнечного излучения, содержащий:(a) батарею фотоэлектрических элементов;(b) по меньшей мере один первичный нагревательный элемент; и(c) систему слежения за точкой максимальной мощности, предназначенную для отслеживания точки максимальной мощности батареи фотоэлектрических элементов и для обеспечения максимальной мощности совместно с упомянутым по меньшей мере одним нагревательным элементом.2. Фотоэлектрический нагреватель по п.1, отличающийся тем, что содержит:(d) среду, в которую упомянутый по меньшей мере один нагревательный элемент по меньшей мере частично погружен для нагрева упомянутой среды.3. Фотоэлектрический нагреватель по п.2, отличающийся тем, что упомянутая среда выбрана из группы, состоящей из масла, воды и воздуха.4. Фотоэлектрический нагреватель по п.1, отличающийся тем, что содержит:(d) переключающий механизм, предназначенный для обратимого подключения упомянутого нагревательного элемента ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ ДЛЯ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Система преобразования электрической энергии, включающая:первый преобразователь электрической энергии, имеющий вход и выход, при этом первый преобразователь электрической энергии сконфигурирован для приема электрической энергии в первой форме на упомянутом входе и для обеспечения напряжения постоянного тока заранее заданной величины на упомянутом выходе;второй преобразователь электрической энергии, имеющий вход и выход, при этом второй преобразователь электрической энергии сконфигурирован для приема упомянутого напряжения постоянного тока заранее заданной величины на упомянутом входе и для обеспечения напряжения переменного тока на упомянутом выходе;шину постоянного тока, включенную между выходом первого преобразователя электрической энергии и входом второго преобразователя электрической энергии, при этом шина постоянного тока сконфигурирована для передачи напряжения постоянного тока заранее заданной величины; иустройство для накопления энергии, функционально соединенное с упомянутой ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ЭЛЕКТРОПИТАНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ПАНЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, в частности к преобразовательной технике, и может использоваться для эффективного отбора мощности с солнечных панелей, преобразования и передачи полученной энергии в промышленную сеть и нагрузку потребителя. Устройство электропитания на основе фотоэлектрических панелей состоит из блока солнечных панелей, блока датчиков тока и напряжения блока солнечных панелей, DC/DC преобразователя напряжения, шины постоянного тока, обратимого инвертора, блока датчиков тока и напряжения на выходе преобразователя, блока управления DC/DC преобразователем напряжения, блока управления инвертором, микроконтроллера управления и коммутации, блока датчиков тока и напряжения шины постоянного тока, LC-фильтра, фильтра радиопомех, блока датчиков тока и напряжения на нагрузке, отличается тем, что в него дополнительно введен блок импульсов напряжения, установленный между блоком солнечных панелей и DC/DC преобразователем напряжения, при этом блок управления DC/DC преобразователем ...

Spannungsumwandlungsapparat, Stromerzeugungssystem und Spannungsumwandlungsverfahren

Ein Spannungsumwandlungsapparat wandelt eine Spannung eines Elektrizitätserzeugers um. Der Spannungsumwandlungsapparat umfasst einen Maximalleistungsnachführabschnitt, der angepasst ist, eine Spannung, die durch den Elektrizitätserzeuger ausgegeben wird, an eine externe Vorrichtung mit einer vorbestimmten Rate auszugeben, sodass ein Betriebspunkt des Elektrizitätserzeugers einem optimalen Betriebspunkt nachgeführt wird, an welchem eine Leistung des Elektrizitätserzeugers einen maximalen Wert erreicht, und einen Spannungsausgabeabschnitt, der angepasst ist, eine Spannung, die durch den Elektrizitätserzeuger ausgegeben wird, an die externe Vorrichtung auszugeben, wenn der Maximalleistungsnachführabschnitt nicht normal betrieben wird.

Verfahren zur Ertragsoptimierung eines teilverschatteten Photovoltaik-Feldes

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zur Ertragsoptimierung eines Photovoltaik-Feldes mit einem Wechselrichter in folgenden Schritten vorgeschlagen: a) Zyklische Messung des Stroms (Iakt) und der Zwischenkreisspannung (U) bei Steuerung des Wechselrichters nach dem MPP-Verfahren (Maximum Power Point) und Abspeichern des gemessenen Stromwerts, b) Absenken der Zwischenkreisspannung (U) auf einen Wert, der die für den Betrieb des Wechselrichters zulässige minimale Zwischenkreisspannung (Umin) um nicht mehr als 100 % überschreitet, c) Messung des Stroms (Ired) bei der reduzierten Zwischenkreisspannung und Vergleich mit dem zuvor abgespeicherten aktuellen Wert des Stroms (Iakt), d) bei Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Schwelle für die Differenz zwischen den beiden Strömen (Ired, Iakt) wird ein Suchverfahren nach einem globalen MPP (Maximum Power Point) eingeleitet, e) andernfalls wird der Betrieb beim Leistungsmaximum (MPP) mit dem zuletzt abgespeicherten Stromwert für den Strom (Iakt) fortgesetzt ...

Battery-aided power supply system I

The invention relates to power supply systems having a plurality of subsystems which are battery-buffered, which batteries ensure the continuous supply of the loads connected even when the power of the energy sources supplying the subsystems fluctuates, as is the case, for example, with photovoltaic converters. In such systems, it is possible that, because of a different load, a lack of energy may arise in one subsystem and excess energy in the other. The invention describes a method and a device for transferring the energy excess to the subsystem having a lack of energy, both floating and potential-related exemplary embodiments being described. The energy flow takes place by transferring in each case from a subsystem having a higher rated voltage to a subsystem having a lower rated voltage.

FLUESSIGKEITSPUMPENSYSTEM BETRIEBEN DURCH SONNENENERGIE

Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Photovoltaikeinrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Kraftfahrzeug

Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wenigstens ein Photovoltaikmodul (2) umfassenden Photovoltaikeinrichtung (3) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (1, 1', 1"), gekennzeichnet durch eine zwischen das wenigstens eine Photovoltaikmodul (2) und eine eine Mindesteingangsleistung benötigende Wandlereinrichtung (5) geschaltete Schalteinrichtung (4, 4'), wobei für das wenigstens eine Photovoltaikmodul (2) in einem Erfassungszustand, in dem die Schalteinrichtung (4, 4') zum Verhindern eines Leistungstransports zur Wandlereinrichtung (5) geschaltet ist, wenigstens ein jeweils aus zwei Leitern (11, 12) des wenigstens einen Photovoltaikmoduls (2) gebildetes Leiterpaar (13) durch die Schalteinrichtung (4, 4') kurzgeschlossen wird, während des Kurzschließens wenigstens ein elektrischer Parameter gemessen und durch ein das Vorliegen der Mindesteingangsleistung für die Wandlereinrichtung (5) beschreibendes Durchschaltkriterium ausgewertet wird, wobei bei Erfüllung des Durchschaltkriteriums durch die Schalteinrichtung (4, 4 ...

REGLER ZUR OPTIMIERUNG DER AN EINEN VERBRAUCHER ABZUGEBENDEN LEISTUNG EINES SOLARZELLENGENERATORS

Serially connected inverters

Method and system for controlling a power output of an inverter

Maximizing power in a photovoltaic distributed power system

"A method of and apparatus for varying the load on an A.C. generator"

The variation of the load on a wind-driven A.C. generator (16) in accordance with a predetermined law which relates the load to the speed of rotation, is achieved by detecting the period of each half cycle with the aid of a timing unit (10), calculating the percentage conduction required in each half cycle in accordance with the predetermined mathematical law, and using the calculated result to gate a pair of thyristors (12, 14) to conduct for said calculated percentage in alternate half cycles so as to pass a unidirectional current to said load. By variation of conduction during each half cycle the effective resistance of the load can be matched to the voltage output of the A.C. generator over a wide range of speeds. Not only can the efficiency of the system be increased, but the windmill is prevented from being stalled in light breezes. ...

Photovoltaic power generation system and photovoltaic power generation device

Ventilation arrangements

Solar photovoltaic system

VERFAHREN ZUM BETRIEB VON NICHTLINEAREN QUELLEN IM PUNKT MAXIMALER LEISTUNG

METHODE ZUM BETRIEB VON SOLARPANELEN IM PUNKT MAXIMALER LEISTUNG

PHOTOVOLTAIKANLAGE MIT MEHREREN WECHSELRICHTERN, WECHSELRICHTER, USB-MASSENSPEICHERGERÄT UND VERFAHREN ZUM DURCHFÜHREN VON SOFTWARE-UPDATES AN WECHSELRICHTERN

The invention relates to a photovoltaic plant having a plurality of inverters (1) connected to each other by way of a network (12), wherein the inverters (1) comprise a control apparatus (7) having at least one microprocessor (8) and at least one storage, an interface for communicating with the remaining inverters (1), a DC/AC module (3) for converting a direct current supplied from an external energy source into an alternating current, and an input/output unit (9), and to such an inverter (1) and a USB mass storage device (11), as well as to a method for carrying out software updates. According to the invention, a USB interface (10) is arranged on at least one inverter (1) for connecting a USB mass storage device (11), in particular a USB stick, so as to carry out automatic updates in a software running in the microprocessor (8) and/or configuration block updates and/or so as to record logging data of the inverters.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR ERZEUGUNG THERMISCHEN ENERGIE

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Leistungsanpassung einer nichtlinearen elektrischen Stromquelle (1) an einen Nutzwiderstand (6) mit einem Kondensator (2) und einem Regler (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, wobei der Regler (3) den Arbeitspunkt (4) berechnet, an dem die Stromquelle (1) die maximale Leistung abgeben kann, indem der Regler (3) die Spannung an der Stromquelle (1) variiert, den Innenwiderstand (5) der Stromquelle (1) berechnet, den Innenwiderstand (5) mit dem Nutzwiderstand (6) vergleicht und bei Nichtübereinstimmung den Spannungswert an der Stromquelle (1) nachjustiert, bis Übereinstimmung herrscht, und der Regler (3) die Auf- oder Entladung des Kondensators (2) derart steuert, dass die Stromquelle in diesem Arbeitspunkt (4) betrieben wird. Die Erfindung betrifft weiters eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens, wobei eine nichtlineare elektrische Stromquelle (1), ein elektrischer Kondensator (2), ein Regler (3) und ein elektrischer Nutzwiderstand (6) vorgesehen ...

Verfahren zur direkten Speicherung von Energie aus Energieerzeugungsanlagen in elektrochemischen Energiespeichern

Die Erfindung betrifft eln Verfahren zur direkten Speicherung von Energie aus Energieerzeugungsanlagen, bevorzugt aus erneuerbaren Energien wie Photovoltaik oder Windkraftanlagen in elektrochemischen Energiespeichern. Die Erfindung ermöglicht eine Umsetzung mit geringstem Einsatz von zusätzlichen Bauelernenten durch die Anpassung des generellen Spannungsniveaus des Energiespeichers an die Energieerzeugungsanlage. Der gesamte Energiefluss für Speichern und Entladen erfolgt mit Gleichstrom. Der für die Energieerzeugungsanlage bereits vorhandene Wechselrichter wird auch bei Nichtverfügbarkeit der Energieerzeugungsanlage für die Versorgung der Verbraucher auf der Wechselspannungsseite verwendet. Die Begrenzung der Energiemengen ist insbesondere für die Dauerhaltbarkeit der Energiespeicher von essentieller Bedeutung. Dies wird durch den Einsatz von Strombegrenzungen sichergestellt, die je nach Energierichtung getrennt voneinander aufgebaut sein können. Durch die externe Vorgabe der Begrenzungswerte ...

HEADING FOR PROCEDURE FOR THE ENTERPRISE OF NONLINEAR ONES SOURCES IN THE POINT OF MAXIMUM ACHIEVEMENT WITH SIMILAR BUFFER

VERFAHREN ZUR ERFASSUNG DER MESSDATEN VON SOLARGENERATOREN ZUR BESTIMMUNG DES PUNKTES MAXIMALER LEISTUNG

SPLIT-TYPE POWER OPTIMIZATION WIRING BOX ASSEMBLY FOR SOLAR MODULE STRINGS OF A SOLAR PANEL

A split-type power optimization wiring box assembly includes a solar panel and multiple wiring boxes (1OA-1OC) mounted on the solar panel (100). Each wiring box (10A-10C) has a power optimization module block mounted therein. 5 The solar panel (100) has multiple solar module strings with each adjacent two of the multiple solar module strings connected through a corresponding wiring box (10A-10C). A power output terminal of each solar module string is connected to the power optimization module block inside a corresponding wiring box (10A-10C), such that the multiple solar module strings can be 10 connected in series. The power optimization module block inside each wiring box (1 OA- 1 OC) performs Maximum Power Point Tracking on the connected solar module string for fulfilling power optimization based on individual solar module string, thereby reducing the power loss of the solar module strings to achieve maximum power optimization of the solar panel (100).

Control device and control method for direct-current micro-grid, and direct current micro-grid system

Provided are a control device and control method for a direct-current micro-grid, and a direct-current micro-grid system. The control device for a direct-current micro-grid comprises: a detection module (100) for detecting a voltage change ratio on a direct-current bus; and a regulation module (200) for regulating energy compensation of an energy compensation apparatus for the direct-current bus according to the voltage change ratio, detected by the detection module, on a direct-current bus. The control device for the direct-current micro-grid detects, by means of a detection module, a voltage change on a direct-current bus in real time, and a control module regulates, according to a detection result of the detection module, energy compensation of an energy compensation apparatus for the direct-current bus in real time, thereby improving the stability of the voltage on the direct-current bus, and thus making the direct-current micro-grid operate stably.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A CHARGING PARK HAVING A PLURALITY OF CHARGING POINTS

Abstract Method and system for providing a charging park having a plurality of charging points The present invention relates to a method for providing a charging park having a plurality of charging points (10 1, 10_n), in which method all of the charging points (10_1, 10_n) are connected to a medium-voltage grid (20) by means of a common transformer (14) with overloading capability, a power electronics system (12_1, ... , 12_n) is provided at each charging point (10_1, ... , 10_n), which power electronics system is designed to perform a quick-charging operation of a connected electrically driven vehicle that is to be charged, and a power drawn from the medium-voltage grid (20) jointly by the charging points (10_1, ... , 10_n) at a respective time is monitored centrally and/or decentrally and continuously at a grid contact point (15) connected upstream of the transformer (14) in the direction of the medium-voltage grid (20), wherein an average power drawn from the medium-voltage grid (20 ...

Power optimization method and apparatus therefor, and photovoltaic device and photovoltaic system

Disclosed are a power optimization method and an apparatus therefor, and a photovoltaic device and a photovoltaic system. The power optimization of a photovoltaic assembly can be realized when a series connection architecture or a parallel connection architecture is used for the photovoltaic assembly. The method comprises: power optimization apparatuses carrying out MPPT processing on photovoltaic assemblies according to operating parameters of the photovoltaic assemblies corresponding to the power optimization apparatuses on a one-to-one basis (101); and controlling the photovoltaic assemblies according to MPPT processing results so that power states of the photovoltaic assemblies are optimized (102). By means of providing a power optimization apparatus for each photovoltaic assembly, the power optimization apparatus carries out MPPT processing on the corresponding photovoltaic assembly, thereby preventing the occurrence of power mismatch.

Method of electronics design of 2kw new photovoltaic cell

Abstract The invention belongs to the field of power electronic control. It is a conversion device for converting photovoltaic cells into ac power grids. It consists mainly of the following modules: first, a boost module, which boosts the photovoltaic cell to 400V.Secondly, an inverter module will adjust the voltage of 400V to 50Hz and 220V ac grid voltage. Third, it is a MPPT maximum power tracking module, whose function is to keep the power at the maximum point by comparing the photovoltaic cell power before and after fluctuation. Fourth, we use a phase lock module to keep the ac voltage and current phase in line with the grid phase. To sum up, the invention can eventually transform the output of a 20V, 2000W photovoltaic cell into a peak of 311V, 50Hz alternating current. The invention can be applied to conversion module of photovoltaic cell into power grid. 2 - ---- - - - - --- -------- -- -------- --- -- ------------ -- ----------- -- ------ ---- -- ------ ----- - -I ------ ------- ...

Circuit and method for monitoring the point of maximum power for solar energy sources and solar generator incorporating said circuit

Power control apparatus and method and power generating system using them

REGULATING SOLAR GENERATOR OUTPUT

Digital power supply

DIGITAL POWER SUPPLY Abstract Provided is an apparatus and method for a digital power supply (200) that can provide independent power control, and control variable power, for two or more electrical loads. Disclosed embodiments may reduce the magnitude of harmonic currents and/or flicker introduced into a power system. Embodiments include a microprocessor that delivers power to electric loads using phase-controlled AC current. The microprocessor (213) may calculate a power array corresponding to a requested power for each electric load. Logic is provided for populating the power array in a pattern that reduces the magnitude of harmonic currents and flicker.

POWER GENERATING APPARATUS

INVERTER FOR A DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATOR

MAXIMUM ENERGY UTILIZATION POINT TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES

When one operates an energy system at its maximum energy utilization point (MEUP) consistently, one can receive the most amount of energy benefit from the system. The practical MEUP tracking technologies operate generator at a voltage for maximum power extraction and also to produce near-maximum power; incorporate the invented surplus energy extraction devices to near-perfectly extract all power generated; temporarily store the surplus energy into designed energy reservoirs; add the invented supply devices to combined the energy from the extractor and from the reservoirs; prepare and deliver the right amount of power to exactly satisfy the instantaneous demand at all time. Thus effectuates finding and tracking the MEUP of the energy system.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANAGING POWER FLOW BETWEEN AN ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCE AND A STORAGE DEVICE

A system that efficiently captures and utilizes the maximum generation capacity of an alternate energy source is disclosed. A first power converter is provided between the alternate energy source and a load. The first power converter is selected such that the capacity of the power converter is less than the generation capacity of the alternate energy source. A second power converter is selected such that the capacity of the second converter is at least equal to the difference between the capacity of the alternate energy source and the first power converter. A battery is provided to store the additional energy generated by the alternate energy source, and the second power converter is connected between the output of the alternate energy source and the battery. The power output from the first power converter is utilized to control operation of the second power converter.

SINGLE STAGE INVERTER DEVICE, AND RELATED CONTROLLING METHOD, FOR CONVERTERS OF POWER FROM ENERGY SOURCES, IN PARTICULAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOURCES

... ²²²The present invention concerns a single stage inverter device for power ²converters, comprising switching means (M1-M4) capable to periodically connect ²an energy source (1), in particular a photovoltaic one, to an electric network ²or grid (2), the switching means (M1-M4) being controlled by controlling ²electronic means (10, 20) operating according to a single switching cycle ²control of the switching means (M1-M4), the operative and circuit device ²parameters being such to fulfill a series of constraints simultaneously ²optimising both the maximum power point tracking or MPPT (Maximum Power Point ²Tracking) and the output power factor or PF-out (Power Factor-output) for one ²or more operation conditions. The present invention further concerns the ²related method of controlling and the related method of scaling such device.² ...

MICRO GRID CONTROL SYSTEM

A micro grid power control system may control a plurality of different sources of electrical energy, such as generators, renewable energy sources, and stored energy sources. The micro grid power control system may include hierarchical levels of control. At a system level, the micro grid power control system may include a system controller configured to selectively allocate the sources and centrally control electrical distribution of electric power within the micro grid based on system conditions to optimize system operation. Optimization of system operation may be dynamically varied by the system controller based on priorities and modeling of system operation. At a source level, each of the sources may include a source controller configured to optimize generation of electrical energy of the respective source. Optimization of a source with a respective source controller may be based on a source objective independently associated with each of the sources and source modeling.

METHOD FOR TRACKING CONTROL OF MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER POINT OF SOLAR CELL AND TRACKING DEVICE

Disclosed are a method and device for tracking control of a maximum output power point of a solar cell, an output voltage of the solar cell is converted to a voltage required by a load via a conversion module comprising a switching unit. The control method comprises: acquiring an open-circuit voltage of the solar cell (S1); adjusting a duty cycle of the switching unit such that an output voltage of the solar cell decreases from the open-circuit voltage gradually in a first change direction (S2); if the output voltage of the solar cell is less than or equal to a predetermined voltage, reversely adjusting the duty cycle of the switching unit (S3); calculating a current output power of the solar cell, and if the current output power is less than a previous output power, determining that the previous output power is the maximum output power of the solar cell (S5).

SINGLE PHASE POWER SYSTEM CONTROLLER AND METHOD THEREFOR

Provided herein is a single phase power system controller and a method for controlling a single phase power system. The single phase power system controller comprises an error signal generator that generates an error signal from an instantaneous power reference signal and a measured instantaneous output power signal corresponding to the power delivered to a power distribution grid; and a modulator that modulates the error signal according to a trigonometric function of the grid voltage phase angle and produces a control signal for an inverter controller. In accordance with the circuits and methods provided herein, real and reactive power delivered to the grid are controlled simultaneously based on instantaneous output power feedback.

Verfahren zur selbsttätigen Einregulierung eines aus zwei in einem System gemäss einer Kennlinie stetig voneinander abhängigen physikalischen Grössen gebildeten Produktes auf einen optimalen Wert

Elektrische Anlage mit mindestens einem Stromerzeugungsaggregat, welches eine Turbine und einen Generator mit stark schwankender Drehzahl aufweist

Net-coupled Photovoltaikanlage.

Voltage elevating circuit for use with photocell includes control circuit and reference voltage regulating switching transistor operating with self inductance

The circuit uses an inductance to raise the 0.3 v supply from a single cell to approximately 1 v to operate the watch circuit. In the voltage elevating circuit, the voltage on the terminals of the photoelectric source (1) is controlled as a function of a reference voltage (Vref) which is chosen to correspond to the peak of the power-voltage curve of this source. The reference voltage generated in the reference voltage generator (9) is compared to the voltage (Vsc) of the source. The result of this comparison is sampled and influences the cyclical ratio of a control signal (Fc) applied to a switching transistor (7). The switching transistor is arranged to cut the current flowing from the source towards the load (accumulator 6), via a self-inductance (4) and a diode (5).

DEVICE FOR THE CONTROLLING OF THE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ACHIEVEMENT.

Device for controlling power transmitted by power source e.g. lithium-ion-battery for charging cell phone, has feedback terminal connected with terminal of amplifier, where voltage at feedback terminal is equal to reference voltage

The device has a direct current-direct current converter (3) for controlling of output voltage of a power source, and a current sensor (20) formed at an input of the power source to detect immediate power variation. A controller (22) modifies the voltage of the power source and measures changes associated with the power. The controller allows implementation of search algorithm of maximum power point. A voltage feedback terminal (7) is connected with a negative terminal of an operational amplifier (9), where voltage at the feedback terminal is equal to reference voltage at an equilibrium point. An independent claim is also included for a method for searching a power source maximum instantaneous power point based on a device.

TRACKING TECHNOLOGY BEHIND THE POINT OF MAXIMUM USE OF ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY CONTROLLED BALANCING OF ENERGY STORAGE

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR USE WITH REFRIGERATION DEVICES INCLUDING TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED CONTAINER SYSTEMS

D.C. CURRENT SUPPLY DOES NOT HAVE ADJUSTABLE OPERATION

DISPOSITIF D'ADAPTATION DE TENSION ET DE PUISSANCE POUR AEROGENERATEUR

LA PRESENTE INVENTION CONCERNE LES AEROGENERATEURS DE FAIBLE OU MOYENNE PUISSANCE FOURNISSANT UN COURANT CONTINU OU ALTERNATIF SOUS UNE TENSION D'UTILISATION A PEU PRES CONSTANTE (PAR EXEMPLE POUR LA RECHARGE DES BATTERIES D'ACCUMULATEURS). LE DISPOSITIF SELON L'INVENTION SE COMPORTE COMME UN SURVOLTEUR, ADAPTABLE AU GENERATEUR ELECTRIQUE, DE TELLE SORTE QU'EN AUGMENTANT LA TENSION DELIVREE PAR LE GENERATEUR LORSQUE SA VITESSE DE ROTATION EST INFERIEURE A LA VITESSE NOMINALE, LEDIT DISPOSITIF PERMETTE D'OBTENIR UNE TENSION D'UN NIVEAU SUFFISANT POUR ETRE UTILISABLE. LE SURVOLTAGE EST OBTENU PAR DES CIRCUITS INDUCTIFS OU CAPACITIFS DE FACON A REDUIRE AU MINIMUM LES PERTES D'ENERGIE ACTIVE. L'INVENTION PERMET PAR EXEMPLE DE CALCULER LE GENERATEUR ELECTRIQUE UNIQUEMENT POUR LE REGIME LE PLUS FORT, ET DE FAIRE L'ADAPTATION DE TENSION POUR LES REGIMES INTERMEDIAIRES.

Système de régulation du point de fonctionnement d'une alimentation à courant continu en zone de caractéristique générateur de tension ou de courant imposée

L'invention concerne un système de régulation du point de fonctionnement d'une alimentation à courant continu un système à un générateur couplé à un convertisseur 2 à modulation de largeur d'impulsion. Le système comprend des moyens 11 et 12 de prélèvement de la tension V et du courant I délivré par le générateur de courant 1 des moyens 3 détecteurs à seuil de décrochement du convertisseur 2 délivrant un signal logique C représentatif de l'état de décrochage ou non décrochage du convertisseur 2 par rapport aux valeurs de seuil. Une boucle de régulation 4 comporte un élément de commutation 42 lequel permet par commutation du signal d'erreur epsilon sur une tension de commande Uc de renvoyer le point de fonctionnement en zone de fonctionnement de tension ou de courant au voisinage du point de fonctionnement correspondant à l'extraction de puissance électrique maximale indépendemment de l'appel de courant par la charge utile CU. Application à la régulation des circuits d'alimentation électrique ...

CIRCUIT OF CONDITIONING Of a SOURCE AT the POINT OF MAXIMUM CAPACITY

Low or medium power AC or DC wind driven generator - has adaptor so that it can efficiently use all wind speeds

CONTROL CIRCUIT HAS OPTIMUM POWER CONVERTER FROM A POWER SOURCE ELECTRIC CONTINUOUS BUT VARIABLE

System for regulating the operating point of a direct current power supply

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE SUPPLY OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERTER

PROCESS AND DEVICE OF REGULATION Of a GENERATOR OF Electric current

La présente invention concerne un précédé et un dispositif de régulation d'une génératrice de courant électrique. Le dispositif selon la présente invention est associé à une génératrice (11) coopérant avec une turbine (12). Il comporte également un convertisseur de fréquence (20) agencé pour transformer un courant alternatif à tension et à fréquence variables fournit par la génératrice (11) en un courant continu ayant une tension variable. Ce courant est ensuite transformé de façon à pouvoir être introduit dans un réseau (24) d'alimentation électrique. La vitesse de rotation de la turbine est réglée de façon à produire une puissance électrique désirée, par exemple la puissance électrique maximale dans des conditions d'utilisation données. Le réglage de la vitesse de rotation est effectué en modifiant le courant introduit dans le réseau. Ce dispositif et ce procédé permettent d'utiliser à tout moment, la puissance maximale disponible.

Optimum current regulator for battery charged from solar panel - uses DC=DC converter under control of operational amplifier circuit to regulate flow of charging current to maximise power transfer

MANAGING A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER BY A POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (PKU) CALCULATING THE MAXIMUM POWER POINT (MPPC)

La présente invention concerne une unité de conditionnement de puissance (1) qui gère un système de puissance constitué de n panneaux solaires identiques (2), une batterie (3) et un réseau d'utilisation (4). Cette unité est modulaire représentée en fig1 est composé de 2 types de régulateurs de puissance : un shunt non dissipatif (5) formé de n shunts, un par panneau, un chargeur-déchargeur de batterie bidirectionnel (6), c'est-à-dire un régulateur capable, à la fois de charger ou de décharger une batterie et un module de calcul (7). Ce module est capable de calculer le point de puissance maximal des panneaux solaires, appelé MPP, à l'ai de d'informations de courants et de tension, et de générer une tension de référence, image de la tension MPP, et de la transmettre aux régulateurs de puissance (8) pour qu'ils régulent la tension VMPP (9) qui est distribuée au réseau d'utilisation. Le calcul de la tension MPP par le module MPPC-uP (7) est le résultat d'un processus mathématique, résolvant ...

BATTERY CHARGING APPARATUS HAVING MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CONTROL FUNCTION USING LIGHT ENERGY HARVESTING

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a battery charging apparatus having a maximum power point tracking control function using light energy harvesting comprises: a main photovoltaic (PV) cell to convert light energy into electric energy; an auxiliary PV cell to estimate a maximum power point (MPP) of the main PV cell; a charging circuit to receive an output of the main PV cell to form a battery charging voltage; a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control circuit to track a maximum power point (MPP) voltage of the main PV cell based on an output voltage of the auxiliary PV cell in real time, and control an operation of the charging circuit based on an output voltage of the main PV cell and the maximum power point voltage which is tracked in real time; and a battery management circuit to manage a charging state of the battery. The auxiliary PV cell is used to track the maximum power point of the main PV cell without having to periodically block a connection between the ...

ELECTRICITY CONTROL DEVICE, ELECTRICITY CONTROL METHOD, AND ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM

MAXIMUM POWER TACKING DEVICE USING ORTHOGONAL-PERTURBATION SIGNAL AND MAXIMUM POWER TRACKING CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

The maximum power tracking device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a capacitor for charging and discharging the output power of a power generating unit; and a switching control unit for controlling the charge and discharge of the capacitor according to a control constant and a perturbation signal for the power generating unit, wherein the control constant is obtained by a cross-correlation operation between the perturbation signal and the perturbation signal power included in the output of the capacitor.

POWER SUPPLYING AND CONTROLLING SYSTEM OF SUBWAY DDC

The present invention relates to a power supplying and controlling system of a subway DDC, which has an ESS, comprising a battery unit, a super capacitor, a bidirectional inverter, a battery management system (BMS), a communication unit, a controlling unit, a sunlight panel, and an MPPT charger. The battery unit is charged through power supplied from the outside and includes a lithium-based battery cell discharging the charged power and outputting the same to the outside. The super capacitor is charged through power supplied from the outside, discharges the charged power, and outputs the same to the outside. The bidirectional inverter charges the battery unit and the super capacitor by converting AC power supplied from the outside into DC power, converts the DC power of the battery unit and the super capacitor into the AC power when the battery unit and the super capacitor are discharged, and supplies the same to the DDC installed in each station, railway, or a ventilated room of a subway ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTER

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic inverter. More specifically, the present invention relates to a photovoltaic inverter for supplying output power generated by a photovoltaic power generator to a motor or supplying the output power generated by the photovoltaic power generator to a battery according to an operation state of a switch. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic inverter comprises: a direct current (DC) link capacitor storing DC voltage output by the photovoltaic power generator; a power conversion unit connected to the motor or the battery through the switch, and generating output power by using the D voltage stored in the DC link capacitor; and a control unit for controlling the power conversion unit to supply the output power generated by an operation state of the switch to the motor or to supply the generated output power to the battery. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018 (110) DC link capacitor (130) Control unit (210) Switchover switch (220) ...

Maximum power point tracker

Apparatus and methodology for maximum power point tracking for a solar panel

Circuitry and methodology for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of a solar panel is disclosed. The voltage and current generated by the solar panel are monitored and used to generate a pulse signal for charging a capacitor. The changes in the voltage and current generated by the solar panel are also monitored, and that information is used to generate a pulse signal for discharging the capacitor. The charging and discharging pulse signals are used to charge and discharge the capacitor. A reference signal indicative of the charge level of the capacitor is generated. As the current and voltage generated by the solar panel are monitored approach the maximum power point (MPP), the frequency of the discharging pulse signal becomes progressively higher, so that the capacitor charging occurs in progressively smaller increments. When the MPP is reached, the reference signal level becomes steady because the charge level of the capacitor becomes steady.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OP POWER SOURCES AT THE POINT OF MAXIMUM POWER

Provided herein are a control method and a control device for controlling a supply unit, which enable supply of the maximum power that can be delivered by a power source, said method being characterized by the presence of an absolute maximum on1 the curve of the power as a function of the voltage at the connection terminals; the supply system set betwee'n the power source and the load is preferably a DC/DC switching converter. The control circuit identifies the optimal operating point, using the relation existing between the harmonic components of the power and the harmonic components of the voltage at the terminals of the source. Starting from any value of the voltage at the connection terminals, the control circuit increments the value of the voltage if, for a given value of the frequency, the power and the vo'ltage at the connection terminals are in phase, whilst it decrements the value of the voltage if the power and the voltage are in phase opposition. The control circuit can be obtained ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVED BURST MODE DURING POWER CONVERSION

A method and apparatus for converting DC input power to AC output power. The apparatus comprises means for storing energy from a DC input current, means for converting the DC input current to AC output current, means for causing the energy to be stored in and drawn from the means for storing during at least one storage and at least one burst period, respectively, the AC output current greater than the DC input current during the at least one burst period; a first means for determining a maximum power point (MPP) and operating the means for converting proximate the MPP; and a second means for determining a difference in a first and a second power measurement, producing an error signal indicative of the difference, and coupling the error signal to the first means to adjust at least one operating parameter of the means for converting to drive toward the MPP.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING MAXIMUM PHOTOVOLTAIC PEAK POWER TRACKING

L'invention porte sur un système de poursuite du pic d'énergie d'un microcapteur photovoltaïque (?MPPT) pour applications de faible puissance permettant d'obtenir un maximum d'énergie solaire d'un panneau photovoltaïque. Dans une exécution, le ?MPPT comporte un circuit électrique comprenant un microprocesseur/microcontrôleur exécutant l'algorithme de commande du ?MPPT et un modulateur réglant la largeur ou la fréquence des impulsions alimentant un commutateur à grande vitesse. Le circuit électrique peut en outre comporter un convertisseur A/N servant à mesurer: la tension d'entrée du panneau solaire, le courant traversant un inducteur du circuit, et la tension d'un dispositif annexe de stockage/charge. Dans une autre exécution, le ?MPPT peut fonctionner dans au moins deux modes, en fonction de l'état du dispositif de stockage/charge.

RECONFIGURABLE PV CONFIGURATION

A PV module is described with an array of PV cells whereby the module is reconfigurable, allowing different configurations to be applied after installation and during operation, i.e. at run-time. The run time configuration of the module has controllable devices. The main controllable devices are any of (individually or in combination): a) switches which determine the parallel/series connections of the cells as well as hybrid cases also. b) switches between the cells and local dc/dc converters and/or among the DC/DC converters; c) actively controlled bypass diodes placed in order to allow excess current to flow in the occurrence of a mismatch.

PHOTOVOLTAIC FACILITY AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL POWER EQUAL TO A PREDETERMINED VALUE

The main aim of the invention is to provide a method enabling electrical power equal to the maximum legal admissible power to be supplied constantly over time. The invention relates to a method for supplying electrical power using photovoltaic panels (2), said photovoltaic panels (2) outputting a direct electrical current and/or voltage when exposed to incident solar radiation, a common generator (4), or an individual generator for each photovoltaic panel (2), comprising an internal resistor and supplying an alternating electrical current and/or voltage from the direct electrical current and/or voltage supplied by said photovoltaic panels, wherein, for the common generator, or for each individual generator: the electrical power supplied by the common generator or by the individual generator is measured; and, when the photovoltaic panels undergo losses, the impedance of the internal resistor of the common generator (4) or of the individual generator (4') is adjusted so as to compensate for ...

System and Method For Interconnected Elements of a Power System

A power system and a power method for a power system that includes a first power source operatively connected to an input of a first power device. The power system also includes a switch unit having a first input operatively connected to the output of the first power device. The power system further includes a second power source operatively connected to a second input of a second power device. A second output of the second power device connects to a second input of the switch unit, wherein a third output of the switch unit provides an output parameter responsive to at least one of the output of the first power device and the second output of the second power device.

Power detection circuit for tracking maximum power point of solar cell and method thereof

Provided is a power detection circuit for tracking a maximum power point of a solar cell. The power detection circuit includes: an average voltage extracting unit which extracts an average voltage VPV,LPF from an external voltage VPV input from an external energy source; a ripple voltage extracting unit which extracts a ripple voltage including current information of the external voltage VPV from the external voltage VPV; a voltage-time converter which generates a ramp voltage VRAMP changing at a predetermined rate and converts the average voltage VPV,LPF and the ripple voltage into corresponding time information Δt1 and Δt2 based on the ramp voltage VRAMP; a time-digital converter which converts the time information Δt2 for the ripple voltage into a digital code t2 [n:0]; and a time multiplier which multiplies the digital code t2 [n:0] and the time information Δt1 for the average voltage VPV,LPF to output a specific voltage value.

Analog Photovoltaic Power Circuit

The present invention discloses an analog photovoltaic power circuit, comprising: a photovoltaic device group for receiving photo energy to generate an input voltage; a power stage circuit for converting the input voltage to an output voltage; an optimum voltage estimation circuit for receiving a predetermined voltage and estimating an optimum voltage according to a direction of variation of the input voltage and a direction of variation of the power generated by the photovoltaic device group; and an analog comparison and control circuit for comparing the optimum voltage with the input voltage, to thereby control the operation of the power stage circuit.

Method of checking solar panel characteristics in an operating solar electrical system

In a solar electric supply system in which an electrical load is supplied with current produced by a solar array formed of multiple solar panels, each solar panel is individually selected and tested to ensure proper performance by varying the duty cycle of an associated variable transconductance device connected between such solar panel and the electrical load. The method determines the respective solar panel's open circuit voltage, its full-load current and obtains various output voltage and current values responsive to different duty cycles, whereby the maximum power point for the solar panel may be determined.

Inverter control method and inverter apparatus using the method

A pulse width of a pulse train signal used for PWM (pulse width modulation) control is monitored. When a variation of the pulse width substantially disappears within a specified time, it is determined that an operating point on an output characteristic curve of a photovoltaic array is located on the open-circuit voltage side of a maximum power point. When the variation of the pulse width does not disappear after the elapse of the specified time, it is determined that the operating point is located on the short-circuit current side of the maximum power point. Based on the determination result, the inverter control is performed such that the operating point follows the maximum power point.

Solar module for generating a D.C. voltage and method for its operation

A solar module has a solar cell which generates a DC voltage. The module has a converter for converting a DC voltage fed into its input. The module contains a semiconductor switch and a controller which drives a switching input of the semiconductor switch. The controller drives the semiconductor switch variably so that the semiconductor switch switches more slowly during the transition operation than during normal operation, thereby reducing a dynamic overvoltage on the switch such that the voltage present on the switch does not exceed the blocking voltage of the switch.

POWER CONVERTING APPARATUS, POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, AND POWER CONVERTING METHOD

A PCS performs a control of increasing an output of a solar cell to exceed the suppression power threshold, when there is a period, where the output of the solar cell falls below a suppression power threshold, in an accumulation period included in a suppression period in which the output of the solar cell is suppressed. 1. A power converting apparatus comprising:an inverter that converts a DC (Direct Current) power input from a distributed power source to an AC (Alternating Current) power; anda controller that suppresses an output of the distributed power source to equal to or lower than a suppression power threshold indicating a suppression degree for the output of the distributed power source; whereinthe controller performs a control of increasing the output of the distributed power source to exceed the suppression power threshold, when there is a period, where the output of the distributed power source falls below the suppression power threshold, in an accumulation period included in a suppression period for suppressing the output of the distributed power source.2. The power converting apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe controller performs, in the accumulation period, the control so that an accumulated value of an output of the distributed power source does not exceed an accumulated value of the suppression power threshold.3. The power converting apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe controller performs, in the accumulation period, the control so that an average value of the output of the distributed power source does not exceed an average value of the suppression power threshold.4. The power converting apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe controller controls the output of the distributed power source so as to approach a target power, andthe controller sets, in the suppression period, the suppression power threshold to the target power and sets, outside the suppression period, a maximum power to the target power.5. The power converting ...

Photovoltaic plant having a plurality of inverters, inverter, USB mass storage device and method for carrying out software updates on inverters

The invention relates to a photovoltaic plant having a plurality of inverters (1) connected to each other by way of a network (12), wherein the inverters (1) comprise a control apparatus (7) having at least one microprocessor (8) and at least one storage, an interface for communicating with the remaining inverters (1), a DC/AC module (3) for converting a direct current supplied from an external energy source into an alternating current, and an input/output unit (9), and to such an inverter (1) and a USB mass storage device (11), as well as to a method for carrying out software updates. According to the invention, a USB interface (10) is arranged on at least one inverter (1) for connecting a USB mass storage device (11), in particular a USB stick, so as to carry out automatic updates in a software running in the microprocessor (8) and/or configuration block updates and/or so as to record logging data of the inverters.

Device and Method for Global Maximum Power Point Tracking

A device, system, and method for global maximum power point tracking comprises monitoring an output power of a DC power source while executing a maximum power point tracking algorithm and adjusting a maximum power point tracking command signal in response to the output power being less than a reference output power. The command signal is adjusted until the output power exceeds a previous output power by a reference amount. The command signal may be a voltage command signal, a current command signal, an impedance command signal, a duty ratio command signal, or the like. 120-. (canceled)21. An inverter for converting direct current (DC) power from a DC power source to alternating current (AC) power , the inverter comprising:an input converter configured for electrically coupling to the DC power source and converting a DC waveform to a bus waveform on a power bus; and 'input sense circuitry configured to sense the input power of the DC power source;', 'an inverter controller electrically coupled to the input converter and configured to control operation of the input converter based on a global maximum power tracking (“MPPT”) method, the inverter controller comprising execute a global MPPT method to search in a first direction for the global maximum power point; and', 'generate a command signal based on the input power of the DC power source; and, 'an MPPT control module configured to receive the command signal from the MPPT control module;', 'receive a feedback signal of the input voltage of the DC power source; and', 'in response to the command and feedback signals, generate a plurality of switch control signals to control a plurality of switches of the input converter to adjust the power point of the DC power source;, 'an input converter control module configured towhereby a substantially maximum power is extracted from the DC power source.22. The inverter of claim 21 , wherein the global MPPT method comprises:monitoring the input power of the DC power source;in ...

System and method for controlling a stand-alone direct current power system

Various implementations described herein are directed to systems, apparatuses and methods for operating stand-alone power systems. The systems may include power generators (e.g., photovoltaic generators and/or wind turbines), storage devices (e.g., batteries and/or flywheels), power modules (e.g., power converters) and loads. The methods may include various methods for monitoring, determining, controlling and/or predicting system power generation, system power storage and system power consumption.

ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a power generator, a power regulator and an electronic element. The power generator is configured to provide an input voltage. The power regulator includes a voltage regulator. The voltage regulator is electrically connected to the power generator. The voltage regulator is configured to receive the input voltage to generate an output voltage. The electronic element is electrically connected to the power regulator. The electronic element is configured to receive the output voltage. The power regulator generates a control signal according to the input voltage. The power regulator provides the control signal to the electronic element. An adjustable level of the electronic element is adjusted according to the control signal.

Control circuit and tracking method of maximum power

A control circuit controls a power output module and drives a load device. The control circuit includes a conversion unit, a feed-forward unit, a feedback unit and a control unit. The conversion unit generates a driving signal according to an output signal of the power output module for driving the load device. The feed-forward unit generates a duty cycle reference signal according to the output signal. The feedback unit generates a feedback signal according to the driving signal. The control unit outputs a control signal to control the conversion unit according to the duty cycle reference signal and feedback signal, thereby limiting the output power of the power output module within the maximum power region. A tracking method of the maximum power is also disclosed.

SMALL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT WITH SOLAR BATTERY

PURPOSE: To enable to execute normal operation at once by providing a resistance component between a solar battery and a capacitor, controlling to make resistance value large at the time of starting charging to the capacitor and stabilizing output voltage at a connecting point of the solar battery and resistance component to voltage for driving electronic circuit. CONSTITUTION: A charging circuit in which charging current flows from a solar battery 1 to a capacitor 2 is formed, and a reverse current preventing diode 3 that prevents loss current is provided. An N type MOS transistor 4 is used as a load, and the resistance value is variably controlled according to output of an operational amplifier 5 applied to the gate, and constitutes a quick starting circuit 6 that quick starts an electronic circuit 11 at the time of starting charging. Output voltage VIN from the connecting point of the solar battery 1 and N type MOS transistor 4 is applied to minus input terminal of an operational amplifier ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING DC OUTPUT GENERATED FROM PHOTOCELL SOLAR PANEL

電力変換装置

ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ФОТОГАЛЬВАНИЧЕСКИМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ АДАПТИРОВАННЫХ ПОРОГОВ

Группа изобретений относится к области фотогальванических генераторов. Технический результат заключается в повышении КПД преобразования генератора. Для этого предложен способ управления фотогальваническим генератором, содержащим по меньшей мере один фотогальванический элемент и множество n соединенных параллельно статических преобразователей, при этом каждый преобразователь соединен электрически по меньшей мере с одним фотогальваническим элементом, включающий этапы, на которых определяют мощность, генерируемую указанным по меньшей мере одним фотогальваническим элементом и сравнивают ее с пиковой мощностью; осуществляют сравнение с пороговыми значениями P1, P2,…, Pn-1; при этом пороги определяют как значения мощностей по существу в точке пересечения кривых КПД при возрастающем числе преобразователей для, по меньшей мере, одного фотогальванического элемента; подключают i преобразователей, если измеренное значение мощности находится в пределах от Pi-1 до Pi, или подключают все преобразователи ...

Устройство обеспечения максимальной энергоотдачи модуля фотоэлектрического преобразователя (ФЭП)

Изобретение относится к области электротехники и предназначено для управления потреблением энергии модуля ФЭП в режиме максимальной мощности. Технический результат заключается в увеличении точности определения параметров точки максимальной мощности. Данный результат достигается тем, что устройство обеспечения максимальной энергоотдачи модуля ФЭП содержит модуль ФЭП (1) с клеммами для подключения, первый коммутатор (2), датчик тока (3), первый блок памяти (4) и регулируемую нагрузку (5), при этом к положительной клемме модуля ФЭП (1) подключен силовой вход первого коммутатора (2), а к отрицательной клемме подключен первый вывод датчика тока (3), выход которого подключен к первому входу управления регулируемой нагрузки (5) и через первый блок памяти (4) ко второму входу управления, отличающееся тем, что параллельно модулю ФЭП (1) подключен датчик напряжения (6), выход которого соединен через второй блок памяти (7) с первым входом первого блока деления (8), второй вход которого через третий ...

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Photovoltaik(PV)-Systems und PV-System

Ein Verfahren dient zum Betreiben eines Photovoltaik(PV)-Systems (100, 200). Das PV-System (100) weist auf: einen ersten PV-Generator (1) und einen zugehörigen ersten Maximum Power Point(MPP)-Tracker (4) und eine Anzahl n von weiteren PV-Generatoren (2, 3) mit jeweils zugehörigen MPP-Trackern (5, 6), mit n 1. Das Verfahren weist die Schritte auf: fortlaufendes Bestimmen des MPP von einem der PV-Generatoren (1) und Betreiben dieses PV-Generators als Führungsgenerator in seinem bestimmten MPP und Betreiben der weiteren PV-Generatoren (2, 3) als Folgegeneratoren in Abhängigkeit von dem bestimmten MPP und in Abhängigkeit von einem Leistungsreduktionssollwert derart, dass die weiteren PV-Generatoren (2, 3) außerhalb ihres jeweiligen MPP betrieben werden.

Elektrische Anordnung mit einem Wechselrichter und Zwischenschaltgerät für die elektrische Anordnung

Beschrieben wird eine elektrische Anordnung mit einem Wechselrichter, der eine Einspeiseschnittstelle für mindestens ein Photovoltaikmodul aufweist, wobei das Photovoltaikmodul mit einem Eingang eines Zwischenschaltgeräts verbunden ist, wobei die Einspeiseschnittstelle mit dem Ausgang des Zwischenschaltgeräts verbunden ist, wobei das Zwischenschaltgerät mindestens einen weiteren Eingang aufweist, an den ein elektrischer Energiewandler anschließbar ist, und wobei das Zwischenschaltgerät die Strom-Spannungs-Charakteristik eines Photovoltaikmoduls für den Wechselrichter elektronisch emuliert. Der Vorteil der hier beschriebenen Anordnung liegt darin, dass eine Photovoltaikanlage mit einem Wechselrichter durch weitere Energiespeicher und Energiewandler erweitert werden kann. Über die effiziente Verteilung der elektrischen Energie entscheidet das Zwischenschaltgerät, welches für den angeschlossenen Wechselrichter die Kennlinie eines Photovoltaikmoduls emuliert.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Stromsteuerwerts zum Verfolgen eines maximalen Leistungspunkts in einem Solarenergieerzeugungssystem

Es werden ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Stromsteuerwerts zum Verfolgen eines maximalen Leistungspunkts eines Solarenergieerzeugungssystems vorgeschlagen. Die Vorrichtung umfasst: einen Spannungsdetektor zum Detektieren einer in einen Sperrleistungswandler eingegebenen Spannung; einen ersten Rechner zum Berechnen einer Ausgangsleistung anhand der detektierten Eingangsspannung; einen zweiten Rechner zum Berechnen einer Leistungsabweichung basierend auf der berechneten Ausgangsleistung und einer Spannungsabweichung der Eingangsspannung; und einen Stromsteuerwertgenerator zum Erzeugen eines Stromsteuerwerts zum Verfolgen des maximalen Leistungspunkts des Solarzellenmoduls anhand der berechneten Spannungsabweichung und der berechneten Leistungsabweichung. Dementsprechend kann ein Stromsteuerwert nach der Berechnung einer Ausgangsleistung mit lediglich einem Spannungsdetektor erzeugt werden, ohne einen Stromdetektor, wodurch die Kosten eines Solarzellenerzeugungssystems ...

Photovoltaische Hochspannungsanlage mit individuellen Speichermitteln

Ventilation control

A method of controlling a ventilation arrangement (10, fig 1) having a fan 204 and a photovoltaic arrangement 206 by determining an optimum I-V value of the available power at the photovoltaic arrangement 206 due to current iridescent levels presented to the photovoltaic arrangement 206 and adjusting the fan 204 to limit the optimum I-V value, which is represented as an electrical load. The optimum I-V value may be determined using a maximum power point tracking device 208 that assesses by sampling if a minimum power supply is available to operate the fan 204. An external temperature sensor or on/off switch 209 may be provided to set the operation of performance. A power converter 201 may be provided to adjust the electrical voltage generated from the photovoltaic arrangement 206 to an acceptable voltage to run the fan 204. The ventilation arrangement (10) may operate under natural and/or forced ventilation.

Photovoltaic power generation system

Photovoltaic panels 100 have a DC output connected to respective micro-inverter 402 input terminals connected to the DC output. The micro-inverter has a control loop 404 configured to maximise the power output from each panel. The micro-inverters provide output voltages significantly less than a grid voltage. The microconverter outputs are connected in series so that the sum of their voltages matches the voltage of the power grid. Additional synchronization circuitry is also provided for matching the output AC power to the grid voltage. In the event of under voltage production by a microinverter a bypass 422 short circuits the output of the microconverter.

Ventilation control

Method for determining the measurement data of solar generators for determining the point of maximum power

In the use of photovoltaic plant, the optimum utilisation of the energy made available by the solar generator is of outstanding importance. In order to maximise the power simultaneous determination of current and voltage is necessary. The signals to be measured have superposed on them the steep switching flanks of the converter. By averaging over plural measurements and corresponding filtering the errors can be reduced. ...

Solar cell system

Disclosed herein is a solar cell system. The solar cell system includes: a solar cell module configured of a single cell and converting solar light irradiated to the cell into electric energy; and a controller boosting voltage generated from the cell and storing the boosted voltage in a battery, differently controlling a level obtained by boosting the voltage of the cell according to a storage state of the battery, light quantity of solar light and external temperature, and limiting the boosted level to a voltage level or less corresponding to a maximum output point varied according to the light quantity and the external temperature. The solar cell system can obtain the maximum output regardless of the change in external temperature or light quantity of solar light, thereby making it possible to improve efficiency of the system.

Output control method and output control unit for wind power plant

A control method for a wind turbine generator and storage battery unit connected to a power grid in parallel, includes calculating total active power and total reactive power, and switching between: a first mode in which the generator outputs turbine required active power and reactive power that can be outputted by the generator and the battery unit outputs battery required active power and battery required reactive power which correspond to a difference between the total active power and the turbine required active power and a difference between the total reactive power and the turbine required reactive power respectively; and a second mode in which the battery required active power is maintained and the battery required reactive power is reduced while the turbine reactive power is increased by an amount of the reduction of the battery required reactive power wherein apparent power exceeds a set battery unit apparent power.

Analog photovoltaic power circuit

The present invention discloses an analog photovoltaic power circuit, including: a photovoltaic device group for receiving photo energy to generate an input voltage, the input voltage corresponding to an input current; a power stage circuit for receiving the input voltage and generating an output voltage; an optimum current or voltage estimation circuit for receiving a predetermined voltage and estimating an optimum current or voltage point corresponding to an optimal output point according to a direction of variation of the input current and a direction of variation of the power generated by the photovoltaic device group; and an analog comparison and control circuit for comparing the optimum current or voltage with the input current or voltage, to thereby control the operation of the power stage circuit.

Method for obtaining information enabling the determination of a characteristic of a power source

The present invention concerns an apparatus for obtaining information enabling the determination of a characteristic like the maximum power point of a power source, characterised in that the apparatus for obtaining information enabling the determination of the characteristic of the power source comprises means for monitoring the voltage on an inductor linked to the power source in order to obtain information enabling the determination of the characteristic of the power source.

Voltage setting device, photovoltaic power generation system, and control method of voltage setting device

An output converter includes a DCDC conversion section, a secondary side voltage/current monitoring section detecting a power from the DCDC conversion section, a maximum operation point control section determining what voltage is to be set by the DCDC conversion section so that the power detected by the secondary side voltage/current monitoring section is maximum, a DCDC short-circuit switch via which a current from a module bypasses the DCDC conversion section to outside, a primary side voltage/current monitoring section measuring the current from the module, a module short-circuit switch switching between a state where a secondary side cathode and a secondary side anode are short-circuited and a state where they are not short-circuited, the maximum operation point control section causing the DCDC short-circuit switch and the module short-circuit switch to switch.

System For The Electronic Management Of Photovoltaic Cells As A Function Of Meteorology

The invention relates to a system for the electronic management of a photovoltaic generator, said system comprising a plurality of n static converters ( 11, 12, 13 ) connected in parallel, each converter ( 11, 12, 13 ) being electrically connected to at least one photovoltaic cell ( 10 ) of the generator. The number of converters connected is varied by varying the photovoltaic power, by comparing the generated power to thresholds P 1 , P 2 , . . . , Pn−1 after a time delay t. The invention also relates to a generator comprising said system and to the associated control method.

Mppt controller, solar battery control device, solar power generation system, mppt control program, and control method for mppt controller

Even at an unknown power point, control by estimated maximum power point is carried out. An MPPT controller ( 20 ) includes: a measurement data acquiring section ( 31 ), which acquires an amount of solar radiation and/or a temperature from a pyrheliometer ( 14 )/a thermometer ( 15 ), and which acquires an electric current value and/or a voltage value from an ammeter ( 17 a )/a voltmeter ( 17 b ); a search control section ( 34 ), which searches for a maximum power point by controlling a power point of an array ( 10 ) by controlling an inverter ( 18 ); an estimate equation computing section ( 32 ), which estimates an estimate equation (A) that holds between the amount of solar radiation and a maximum operating current value and/or an estimate equation (B) that holds between the temperature and a maximum operating voltage value; and an MPP estimating section 35 , which estimates a maximum power point at an amount of solar radiation or at a temperature by using the estimate equation (A) or (B).

Method of operating a maximum power point tracker

The present invention relates to a method of operating a maximum power point tracker comprising the steps of performing a sweep cycle at intervals, the sweep cycle comprising the determination of at least one first parameter of a power function, storing the at least one first parameter and at least one second parameter and, based on the data so stored, modifying one or more characteristics of the sweep cycles. The invention also relates to a maximum power point tracking apparatus comprising a controller ( 12, 115 ) suitable for controlling an operating parameter, an input ( 4, 104 ) connected to a power source ( 3, 103 ) and a data store ( 15, 115 ), which apparatus is suitable for being operated by the above method.

Electronic apparatus and method of supplying power

An electronic apparatus and a method of supplying power. The electronic apparatus includes: a solar cell to convert solar energy into electric energy; a converter to convert and output an output voltage of the solar cell; a temperature compensator to sense the output voltage and a temperature of the solar cell and correct the sensed output voltage of the solar cell according to the sensed temperature of the solar cell; and a controller to perform a feedback control with respect to an output voltage of the converter according to the corrected output voltage of the solar cell.

Method for determining a maximum power point of photovoltaic generators

A method for determining a maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic generator (PV) by variation of at least one parameter of search voltage and search current, within a maximally searchable search area on a power/voltage curve is disclosed. The method includes initializing by defining a start point with a start voltage and a start current, searching for the maximum power point (MPP) in at least one search direction by repeated variation of the search voltage or search current in the search area taking account of at least two limiting conditions for limiting the search area, wherein at least one of the limiting conditions for limiting the search area are is determined with evaluation of parameters provided in an operating state already attained during the search, and ending the search if one of the at least two limiting conditions for limiting the search area is met.

Photovoltaic Array Systems, Methods, and Devices with Improved Diagnostics and Monitoring

Devices, systems and methods for operating, monitoring and diagnosing photovoltaic arrays used for solar energy collection. The system preferably includes capabilities for monitoring or diagnosing an array by automatically disconnecting portions of the array during normal service (when load is not maximum, and observing the resulting change in electrical characteristics. More intensive diagnostic procedures can be launched if needed. One embodiment provides for performing monitoring or diagnostic operations on the array in daylight or at night. Another embodiment allows monitoring or diagnostic operations to be performed on a portion of the array while other parts of the array continue to collect energy. Yet another embodiment provides a safety mode for an array for maintenance or during emergencies.

Method for Operation of a Photovoltaic Generator at an Operating Point of Maximum Power

A method includes searching for a point of maximum power based on a systematic load variation, setting the point of maximum power as the operating point of the photovoltaic generator, and tracking the operating point based on a load variation with a narrow variation range. The method also includes analyzing operating variables of the photovoltaic generator to determine the level of probability that the operating point deviates from the point of maximum power, selectively interrupting the tracking and carrying out another search to determine the point of maximum power as a function of the analysis of the operating variables, and setting the point of maximum power as the operating point, and resuming the tracking. The method further takes into account previous searches carried out in the presence of comparable operating variables to determine the probability.

Maximum power point tracking controllers and maximum power point tracking methods

A maximum power point tracking controller, suitable for controlling an output voltage of a power converter is provided, including a slope detection unit and a control unit. The slope detection unit calculates whether the output voltage is in a positive trend or in a negative trend according to a detection signal corresponding to the output voltage in order to output a trend signal, in which the voltage level of the trend signal is a first voltage level or second voltage level when the output voltage is in the positive trend or negative trend. The control unit has first and second operation modes to respectively increase and decrease a duty cycle of a PWM signal, in which the control unit switches current operation mode to perform a maximum power point tracking procedure when the trend signal is changed from the first voltage level to the second voltage level.

Charge pumping apparatus using optimum power point tracking and method thereof

A charge pumping apparatus includes a voltage pumping unit for pumping an input voltage, a voltage pumping control unit for controlling the voltage pumping unit according to a comparison result between the input voltage and an input criterion voltage and a comparison result between an output voltage output from the voltage pumping unit and an output criterion voltage, and an optimum power point tracking unit for tracking an optimum power point in the case of detecting that the output voltage decreases lower than the output criterion voltage, and adjusting an input impedance to change the input criterion voltage to a voltage corresponding to the optimum power point, wherein the optimum power point is a power point where an input power according to the input voltage becomes a maximum. Since the optimum power point is tracked by measuring only a voltage without a current sensor, a power loss is small.

OUTPUT CONTROL APPARATUS OF SOLAR CELL

An output control apparatus of a solar cell for controlling output of the solar cell is an output control apparatus of a solar cell for controlling output of the solar cell, the output control apparatus provided with: a first controlling device for sequentially increasing a load for extracting the output from a load in an increase area in which the output increases with respect to an increase in the load; a detecting device for detecting a decrease in the output with respect to the increase in the load in a process of sequentially increasing the load; and a second controlling device for rapidly reducing the load to an initial load which belongs to the increase area in comparison with the process of sequentially increasing the load in cases where a change in the output is detected, the first controlling device sequentially increasing the load again after the load is reduced to the initial load. 1. An output control apparatus of a solar cell for controlling output of the solar cell , said output control apparatus comprising:a first controlling device for sequentially increasing a load for extracting the output from a load in an increase area in which the output increases with respect to an increase in the load;a detecting device for detecting a decrease in the output with respect to the increase in the load in a process of sequentially increasing the load; anda second controlling device for rapidly reducing the load to an initial load which belongs to the increase area in comparison with the process of sequentially increasing the load in cases where a change in the output is detected,said first controlling device sequentially increasing the load again after the load is reduced to the initial load.2. The output control apparatus of the solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein said second controlling device rapidly reduces the load by increasing a rate of change in the load in comparison with the process of sequentially increasing the load.3. The output control ...

Maximizing Power in a Photovoltaic Distributed Power System

A power harvesting system including multiple parallel-connected photovoltaic strings, each photovoltaic string includes a series-connection of photovoltaic panels. Multiple voltage-compensation circuits may be connected in series respectively with the photovoltaic strings. The voltage-compensation circuits may be configured to provide respective compensation voltages to the photovoltaic strings to maximize power harvested from the photovoltaic strings. The voltage-compensation circuits may be include respective inputs which may be connected to a source of power and respective outputs which may be connected in series with the photovoltaic strings.

Method and arrangement in connection with photovoltaic power generator composed of series-connected photovoltaic modules

A method and an arrangement are provided in connection with a photovoltaic power generator composed of series-connected photovoltaic modules. The method includes determining a maximum power point voltage (U MPP ) and a maximum power point current (I MPP ). The method also includes determining the ambient temperature (T amb ), calculating an estimated maximum power point voltage (U est ) by using maximum power point current (I MPP ) and the determined ambient temperature (T amb ), comparing the estimated maximum power point voltage with the determined maximum power point (U MPP ), and determining on the basis of the comparison whether the generator is operating under uniform conditions or in conditions with two maximum power points.

Photovoltaic apparatus, maximum power point tracking control method and computer program in the same, and moving body including the same

A photovoltaic apparatus according to the present invention includes a photovoltaic module and a tracking control device. The photovoltaic module includes a plurality of series portions coupled in parallel. The series portion includes a plurality of photovoltaic elements coupled in series. The photovoltaic elements coupled in a same straight row of the plurality of series portions are coupled parallel to one another. The tracking control device is configured to perform a maximum power point tracking control on an output of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes a temperature sensor that detects a real panel temperature that is a panel temperature when the photovoltaic module is operating.

Power converting apparatus, operating method thereof, and solar power generation system

There are provided a power converting apparatus and an operating method thereof, and a solar power generation system. The power converting apparatus for a solar power generation system includes: a power converting unit converting an input signal generated by a solar cell module into an output signal; and a control circuit unit controlling an operation of the power converting unit, wherein the power converting unit includes at least one transformer, and a current sensor and a switching circuit connected to a primary winding of the at least one transformer, and the control circuit unit calculates a voltage and a current of the input signal using a current of the primary winding of the at least one transformer sensed by the current sensor and performs a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control so that the power converting unit is operated at a maximum power point.

Photovoltaic Array Systems, Methods, and Devices with Bidirectional Converter

Devices, systems and methods for operating, monitoring and diagnosing photovoltaic arrays used for solar energy collection. The system preferably includes capabilities for monitoring or diagnosing an array, under some circumstances, by using a bidirectional power converter not only to convert the DC output of the array to output power under some conditions, but also, for diagnostic operations, applying a back-converted DC voltage to the array. 119.-. (canceled)20. A method for operating a photovoltaic array , comprising:in daylight conditions, providing DC current from photovoltaic cells to a bidirectional power converter, and operating said bidirectional power converter to provide an AC power output onto an AC connection;in dark conditions, operating said bidirectional converter in reverse, to apply a reduced DC potential, which is less than half of the maximum voltage provided by said cells under daylight conditions, to said string of photovoltaic cells;measuring a DC current through the string of photovoltaic cells; andinitiating an alert if the measured DC current indicates that a photovoltaic cell in the string has been disconnected.21. A solar energy system which implements the methods of any of the preceding claims.22. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising:a plurality of photovoltaic cells; anda bidirectional power converter which is operatively connected to groups of said photovoltaic cells;wherein, in a first mode of operation, said bidirectional power converter draws current from at least some ones of said groups of photovoltaic cells, and provides an AC power output onto an AC connection;and wherein, in a second mode of operation, said bidirectional power converter draws power from one or more sources other than said photovoltaic cells, and accordingly applies a DC potential to at least some ones of said photovoltaic cells.23. The system of claim 22 , wherein claim 22 , in said second mode claim 22 , said bidirectional converter is powered ...

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOLAR POWER CONVERSION UNIT, CONTROL METHOD FOR THE UNIT, AND SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

A system for controlling a solar power conversion unit includes a power detecting section configured to detect output power of at least one solar cell, an insolation amount inputting section to which an index related to an amount of insolation is input, a power correcting section configured to correct the output power detected by the power detecting section on the basis of the index related to the amount of insolation input to the insolation amount inputting section, and a voltage controlling section configured to change an output voltage of the solar cell on the basis of the output power corrected by the power correcting section such that the output power of the solar cell approaches the maximum power point. 1. A control system for a solar power conversion unit configured to convert direct-current power output by at least one solar cell into alternating-current power , the control system comprising:a power detecting section configured to detect the power output by the solar cell; a power correcting section configured to correct the output power detected by the power detecting section on the basis of the index related to the amount of insolation input to the insolation amount inputting section; and', 'a voltage controlling section configured to change an output voltage of the solar cell on the basis of the output power corrected by the power correcting section such that the output power of the solar cell approaches a maximum power point., 'an insolation amount inputting section to which an index related to an amount of insolation is input;'}2. The control system of claim 1 , whereinthe at least one solar cell comprises multiple solar cells, a power production inputting section to which power productions of the multiple solar cells are input; and', 'an insolation amount estimation section configured to estimate the amount of insolation on the basis of the multiple power productions input to the power production inputting section, and, 'the system further includesthe ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

Photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking methods and apparatus are disclosed. Output power samples from one or more photovoltaic (PV) cells are obtained. The output power samples include perturbed samples for which a perturbation is applied to an operating voltage or current of the PV cell(s) and non-perturbed samples for which no perturbation is applied to the operating voltage or current. A control output, to change the operating voltage or current of the PV cell(s) for a next perturbed sample by a next perturbation, is generated. The next perturbation could be based on an estimated change in output power due to a previous perturbation. The next perturbation could also or instead be in a direction based on a change in output power samples, and of a magnitude based on the direction and a direction of perturbations applied for one or more perturbed samples preceding the next perturbed sample. 1. A method comprising:obtaining output power samples of power output from one or more photovoltaic (PV) cells, the output power samples comprising perturbed samples for which a perturbation is applied to an operating voltage or current of the one or more PV cells and non-perturbed samples for which no perturbation is applied to the operating voltage or current; andgenerating a control output to change the operating voltage or current of the one or more PV cells for a next perturbed sample by a next perturbation based on a difference between: (1) a change in output power between a non-perturbed sample and a perturbed sample preceding the non-perturbed sample, and (2) a change in output power between the perturbed sample preceding the non-perturbed sample and a sample preceding the perturbed sample.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the next perturbation is in a direction based on the change in output power between the perturbed sample preceding the non-perturbed sample and the sample preceding the perturbed sample.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the next perturbation ...

Method and Device for Feeding Electrical Power into an Electrical Power Supply Network

A method for feeding electrical power into an electrical power supply network is described. A configuration for supplying electrical power in the form of DC voltage has been provided and it is connected to the power supply network through an inverter. An MPP tracker () has been provided for influencing the inverter, from which an intermediate circuit desired voltage (u) is determined. A modulation regulator () has been provided, from which a given reactive power desired value (Q) is changed to a reactive power value (Q*). The inverter () is influenced by the intermediate circuit desired value (u) and the reactive power value (Q*). 113173117313317. Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical power supply network , whereby a configuration for supplying electrical power in the form of DC voltage is connected to an electrical supply network () by means of an inverter () , and whereby an MPP tracker () is provided for influencing the inverter () , characterized in that an intermediate circuit desired voltage (u) is determined from the MPP tracker () , that a modulation regulator () is provided , from which a given reactive power desired value Qis changed to a reactive power value (Q*) , and that the inverter () is influenced by the intermediate circuit desired voltage (u) and the reactive power value (Q*).2. Method according to claim 1 , whereby an inverter desired current (i claim 1 , i) and/or an inverter desired voltage (u claim 1 , u) are determined from the intermediate circuit desired voltage (u) and the reactive power value (Q*).333. Method according to claim 2 , whereby a reactive power adjustment value (ΔQ) is determined from the modulation regulator () depending on the inverter desired current (i claim 2 , i) and/or on the inverter desired voltage (u claim 2 , u) claim 2 , and whereby the reactive power adjustment value (ΔQ) is linked up to the reactive power value (Q*) with the reactive power desired value Q.431. Method according to claim 3 , ...

ENERGY STORAGE MODELING AND CONTROL

Systems and methods for optimal planning and real-time control of energy storage systems for multiple simultaneous applications are provided. Energy storage applications can be analyzed for relevant metrics such as profitability and impact on the functionality of the electric grid, subject to system-wide and energy storage hardware constraints. The optimal amount of storage capacity and the optimal operating strategy can then be derived for each application and be prioritized according to a dispatch stack, which can be statically or dynamically updated according to data forecasts. Embodiments can consist of both planning tools and real-time control algorithms. 1. A computerized method for controlling a charge and a discharge of an energy storage asset in an energy storage system using a computer , the method comprising:receiving at the computer a first physical model for an energy storage application;retrieving from a first database, using the computer, historical and forecast data related to an operation of the energy storage system;receiving at the computer a configuration for the energy storage system;receiving at the computer a cost model for the energy storage system;receiving at the computer financial incentive information of serving the energy storage application;receiving at the computer an operating strategy of the energy storage system;receiving at the computer a second physical model for the energy storage asset;calculating, using the computer, an energy storage asset charge and discharge strategy that maximizes the financial worth of the energy storage application, accounting for an energy storage system depreciation, based on at least one of the historical and forecast data, the first and second physical models, the financial incentive information, energy storage system constraints, the configuration, and the cost model; andcharging or discharging, using a controller, the energy storage asset according to the calculated charge and discharge strategy.2. ...

Photo-Voltaic Maximum Power Point Trackers

A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device is provided that includes a converter, having a switched mode topology, where the switched mode topology includes a boost topology that establishes a variable transfer ratio between a variable input voltage and a variable output voltage of the converter, where the switched mode topology changes according to a power load on a power generator. The MPPT device further includes a control section, where the control section maximizes an output power of the power generator by controlling the variable transfer ratio, where the MPPT device optimizes an electrical operating point, of the power generator. 1. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device , comprising:a. a converter, wherein said converter comprises a switched mode topology, wherein said switched mode topology comprises a boost topology, wherein said boost topology establishes a variable transfer ratio between a variable input voltage and a variable output voltage of said converter, wherein said switched mode topology changes according to a power load on a power generator; andb. a control section, wherein said control section maximizes an output power of said power generator by controlling said variable transfer ratio, wherein said MPPT device optimizes an electrical operating point of said power generator.2. The MPPT device of claim 1 , wherein said power generator is selected from the group consisting of photo voltaic cell claim 1 , fuel cell claim 1 , Thermo-Electric Generator (TEG) and wind turbine.3. The MPPT device of claim 1 , wherein said power generator comprises an array of said power generators claim 1 , wherein outputs of said MPPT are connected i) in series claim 1 , ii) in parallel claim 1 , or i) and ii).4. The MPPT device of claim 3 , wherein when said MPPT outputs are connected in parallel claim 3 , each said MPPT will operate at a point of constant power claim 3 , wherein said output voltage equals a voltage at a load claim 3 , wherein an output ...

Computing device and method for dynamically regulating solar power

In a method for dynamically regulating solar power using a computing device, the computing device connects to one or more switches, and each of the switches connects to a load device. A first power of solar energy sourced from a solar cell is calculated according to a first voltage and a first current of the solar energy, and a second power of the solar energy according to the second voltage and the second current of the solar energy sourced from the solar cell. At least one load device is switched from a power supply to the solar cell through a switch if the first power is greater than the second power, and at least one load device is switched from the solar cell to the power supply through the switch if the first power is not greater than the second power.

Hot water controller

This invention relates in general to a renewable energy water heating system and method for residential and commercial applications. The heating system has a renewable energy source providing a DC electric current and a controller connected to the renewable energy source. The water heater is connected to the controller, the water heater having a water storage tank and at least one heating element for heating water in the tank responsive to an electric current supplied thereto. The controller modulates and switches the DC electric current to produce a converted output to provide the electric current to the at least one heating element to heat the water.

Split-type power optimization module for solar module strings of a solar panel

A split-type power optimization module for solar module strings of a solar panel includes multiple power optimization module blocks. Each power optimization module block uniquely corresponds to one of multiple solar module strings on a solar panel and has a single-chip processor, a string connection port, and a power output port. The string connection port is connected to the single-chip processor and an adjacent solar module string. The power output port is connected in series to the power output port of an adjacent power optimization module block. Accordingly, each power optimization module block performs maximum power point tracking for the connected solar module string to lower the power loss of each solar module string and ensure string-level maximum power optimization.

Inverter, In Particular as Part of a Power Generation Network, and Method

An inverter for converting DC power of a generator into grid-conforming AC power includes an inverter bridge circuit and a scanning circuit configured to trace at least one part of a characteristic curve of the generator to determine an MPP power value (P MPP ). The scanning circuit is configured, in the case of a derating to a derated power (P red ), to trigger a tracing of the characteristic curve with provision of a first power profile deviating from the derated power (P red ) if an enable signal is present at the inverter, and to indicate a start and an end of the tracing by outputting a start signal and an end signal, respectively. The scanning circuit is further configured to provide a second power profile as AC power upon receiving a start signal, wherein the first power profile has a deviation from the derated power (P red ) with a sign that is opposite to a sign of a deviation of the second power profile from the derated power (P red ).

TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROVISIONING POWER CONTROLLERS FOR GRID SERVICES

Technologies for provisioning power controllers for grid services are disclosed. In at least one illustrative embodiment, a method for estimating real-time available peak power (APP) of a power plant may comprise determining whether an inverter of the power plant electrically coupled to at least one solar panel array of the power plant is operating in a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, obtaining a measured output of the at least one solar panel array in response to determining that the inverter is operating in the MPPT mode, estimating an expected output of the inverter as a function of the measured output of the solar panel array using an inverter production model, and estimating the APP of the power plant as a function of the expected output of the inverter using a site compensation model. 1. A method for estimating real-time available peak power (APP) of a power plant , the power plant comprising at least one solar panel array and an inverter electrically coupled to the at least one solar panel array , the method comprising:determining whether the inverter is operating in a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode;obtaining a measured output of the at least one solar panel array in response to determining that the inverter is operating in the MPPT mode;estimating, using an inverter production model, an expected output of the inverter as a function of the measured output of the solar panel array; andestimating, using a site compensation model, the available peak power (APP) of the power plant as a function of the expected output of the inverter.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:estimating, using an array production model, an expected output of the at least one solar panel array in response to determining that the inverter is not operating in the MPPT mode; andestimating, using the inverter production model, the expected output of the inverter as a function of the expected output of the solar panel array.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ...

Clustered power generator architecture

Multiple dispatchable resources such as energy storage systems, generators, and curtailable loads are used to fulfill electricity usage control instructions by implementing multiple different sets of dispatch instructions. The sets of dispatch instructions vary based on individual status characteristics and aggregate status characteristics of the dispatchable resources in order to use the resources optimally. The resources may in some instances be prioritized according to their status characteristics in order to improve response efficiency, improve cost-effectiveness, reduce errors and flawed fulfillment, and improve the ability of the resources to respond to different kinds of electricity usage control instructions over time.

METHOD FOR OPERATING INVERTER AND INVERTER

A method for operating an inverter and an inverter configured to convert DC power supplied from a DC power source into AC power supplied to an AC network by applying operational parameter limits which define limits for allowed operating points of the inverter, collect, during the converting, data of operational conditions related to the inverter, determine on the basis of the collected data whether the set operational parameter limits can be optimized with regard to one or more optimization criteria, and in response to determining that the set operational parameter limits can be optimized, adapt one or more of the set operational parameter limits applied in the converting on the basis of the collected data. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operational parameters comprise at least one voltage parameter and/or at least one current parameter and/or at least one power parameter and/or at least one temperature parameter.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operational conditions related to the inverter comprise at least one internal condition of the inverter and/or at least one external condition of the inverter.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining is performed at predetermined time intervals and/or in response to one or more of the operational conditions related to the inverter changing beyond predetermined limits and/or in response to receiving a command.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more optimization criteria comprises at least one of an estimated lifetime of the inverter or a part thereof claim 1 , an efficiency of the inverter claim 1 , a power of the inverter claim 1 , and/or an energy output of the inverter.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collecting of the data of the operational conditions related to the inverter comprises measuring the data and/or receiving the data.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DC power is supplied by a DC power source comprising one or more photovoltaic panels.8. A computer program product ...

Adaptive PID Control System for Industrial Turbines

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method that includes providing a process controller configured to perform a control algorithm based on at least one first control parameter, providing a parameter controller configured to perform a parameter adjustment algorithm, providing a turbine having an output sensor, providing to the process controller at least one first control parameter and a first input value, controlling the turbine based on the at least one first control parameter and the first input value, receiving a turbine response value provided by the turbine output sensor, determining at least one second control parameter based on the turbine response value and the parameter adjustment algorithm, providing, to the process controller from the parameter controller, the at least one second control parameter, and controlling the turbine based on the at the least one second control parameter and a second input value. 145-. (canceled)46. A method for controlling a process , comprising:providing a process controller configured to perform a control algorithm based on at least one first control parameter representing a first value selected from a group comprising a proportional gain (P) value, an integral gain (I) value, and a derivative gain (D) value based on a speed derivative ratio (SDR);providing a parameter controller configured to perform a parameter adjustment algorithm;providing a controllable process configured to provide a process response value to the process controller and the parameter controller;providing, to the process controller, at least one first control parameter and a first input value;controlling, by the process controller, the controllable process based on the at least one first control parameter and the first input value;receiving, by the parameter controller, the process response value;determining, by the parameter controller, at least one second control parameter based on the process response value ...

CORRELATING CONSUMPTION AND VOLTAGE DATA TO IDENTIFY LINE LOSS IN AN ELECTRIC GRID

Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with identifying non-technical line loss using data from smart meters in an electric grid are described. In one embodiment, a method includes querying a utility database to collect meter data, wherein the meter data is from electric meters connected to a transformer in an electric grid. Querying the utility database includes collecting the data according to a plurality of intervals over a period of time. Electric consumption and voltage variances are analyzed for the set of meters to identify a first set of intervals that satisfy a threshold for electric consumption and to identify a second set of intervals that satisfy a threshold for voltage variances. The first set of intervals is compared with the second set of intervals to determine whether the set of meters are associated with non-technical line loss. 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that when executed by a processor of a computer causes the processor to:retrieve data from a utility database, wherein the data specifies electric usage information from a set of electric meters that are associated with an electric grid;analyze the data to determine a first set of time intervals with voltage variances that satisfy a voltage threshold condition;analyze the data to determine a second set of time intervals that include electric consumption that satisfy a consumption threshold condition; andcompare the first set of time intervals and the second set of time intervals to identify whether the set of electric meters are associated with non-technical line loss, wherein the non-technical line loss is detected when the first set of time intervals of the voltage variances do not match at least a threshold percentage of the second set of time intervals of the electric consumption within a defined margin.2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the data from the utility database specifies electric ...

Modular power supply for distribution automation system

An exemplary power supply module for distribution automation includes a manner of connecting an input power source to a power supply module and connecting an output of the power supply module to external devices, a manner of regulating, a rectification module generating output DC voltage, a transformer having a primary side connected with the regulating component and one or more power input power sources, and a secondary side connected to the rectification module, a manner of voltage feedback means for providing a voltage feedback signal to the regulating component to regulate the output DC voltage, and a load share control module having a load share signal for controlling load sharing for the power supply module. The power supply module includes a filter amplifier for conditioning the voltage feedback signal, where the filter amplifier is connected in the secondary side of the transformer for reducing noise in the power supply module.

Circuit for Interconnected Direct Current Power Sources

Controlling a power converter circuit for a direct current (DC) power source is disclosed. The power converter may be operative to convert input power received from the DC power source to an output power and to perform maximum power point tracking of the power source. The power converter is adapted to provide the output power to a load that also performs maximum power point tracking. 1. A system comprising:a power converter configured to convert input power received from a direct current (DC) power source at an input of the power converter to output power at an output of the power converter;an inverter connected to the output of the power converter and configured to convert DC power to alternating current (AC) power; output the output power according to a maximum output power point associated with the DC power source for a first time period; and', 'output the output power according to a reduced output power point for a second time period; and, 'a first control circuit configured to control the power converter to, based on a first maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm output AC power during the first time period by locking on to the maximum output power point; and', 'output AC power during the second time period by locking on to the reduced output power point., 'a second control circuit configured to control the inverter to, based on a second MPPT algorithm2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first control circuit is configured to control the power converter to decrease the output power from the maximum output power point to the reduced output power point while maintaining maximum power at the input of the power converter.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first control circuit is configured to control the power converter to output the output power claim 1 , according to the reduced output power point claim 1 , based on an adjusted conversion efficiency.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first control circuit is configured to control the power ...

System and Method for a Power Converter

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an inverter circuit includes a direct current (DC)-to-DC power converter configured to receive an input energy from a device via a first input terminal and a second input terminal, where the DC-to-DC power converter is configured to convert a first portion of the input energy to a DC energy. The inverter circuit also includes an inverter stage coupled to an output of the DC-to-DC power converter, and is connected to the first input terminal of the DC-to-DC power converter and the second input terminal of the DC-to-DC power converter, where the inverter stage is configured to convert a second portion of the input energy to a first output energy.

POWER GENERATOR

A mechanical device that can generate decentralized electrical power and/or hydraulic fluid pressure on a continual basis, using fully integrated omnipresent energy sources which remain unchanged. 1. A power generator , comprising:a compound lever comprising two class II mechanical levers sharing a common fulcrum; and one gravitational vessel positioned in an initial position along the compound lever; and', 'two buoyancy vessels for said gravitational vessel and spaced apart therefrom, wherein the two buoyancy vessels contain the same net weight as said gravitational vessel net weight so that the two buoyancy vessels and said gravitational vessel have the same torque with opposite polarities relative to the fulcrum., 'at least one active energy unit comprising2. The power generator of claim 1 , wherein each class II mechanical lever performs a power stroke simultaneously yet independently of each other when pivoting about the fulcrum.3. The power generator of claim 2 , further comprising a hydraulic actuator operatively associated to each side of the fulcrum claim 2 , wherein each hydraulic actuator actuators is configured to use mechanical force from radial motion of the compound lever generated during each power stroke.4. The power generator of claim 3 , further comprising one or more high-pressure hydraulic accumulators coupled to each hydraulic actuator for retrievably storing hydraulic pressure for providing continuous source of a potential energy to the hydraulic actuators.5. The power generator of claim 1 , further comprising:an upper track and a lower track spaced apart along the composite lever;an axle attached each buoyancy and gravitational vessel;a set of wheels mounted to each axle; andeach set of wheels operatively associated with the upper or lower track, wherein each gravitational vessel is engaged with the lower track.6. The power generator of claim 5 , further comprising: a chain like connector placed around each axle for enabling rotation and ...

POWER CONVERTING APPARATUS, DISTRIBUTION BOARD, AND OPERATION SWITCHING METHOD

A PCS comprises a communication unit that communicates with an external server; and a controller that changes from a grid connected state to a self-sustained state when a communication state between the PCS and the external server is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold. 1. A power converting apparatus comprising:a communication unit that receives a power instruction message through a communication with an outside; anda controller that changes an operation state from a grid connected state to a self-sustained state when a determination is made that a communication state with the outside is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold, the grid connected state being a state connected to a power grid and the self-sustained state being a state disconnected from the power grid.2. The power converting apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising:a first direct current convertor that converts a voltage of a DC power input from the distributed power source;a second direct current convertor that converts a voltage of a DC power input from a storage battery; andan inverter that converts the DC power input from the first direct current convertor and the DC power input from the second direct current convertor to an AC power; whereinthe power output in the self-sustained state from the inverter is continuously supplied to a load connected to the inverter in the grid connected state.3. The power converting apparatus according to claim 1 , whereineven during a change period from the grid connected state to the self-sustained state, the power output from the inverter is continuously supplied to the load.4. The power converting apparatus according claim 1 , whereinthe controller performs the change from the grid connected state to the self-sustained state when a power consumption of the load is covered with an outputtable power from the inverter.5. The power converting apparatus according to claim 2 , whereinthe controller changes, when communication between an ...

MICROGRID SYSTEM COMPRISING ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (ESS)-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM

An improved EMS (Energy Management System) of ESS (Energy Storage System)—connected photovoltaic power system is provided, where the economic efficiency of the microgrid power transaction is maximized by minimizing the amount paid to the power system as a result of optimal operation as to the energy supply and demand in the process of transacting power surplus/shortage with the power system, the responsiveness to passive resource energy forecasting of supply and demand is improved by resolving the uncertainty of solar power generation forecasting and load forecasting, the deterioration of the available storage capacity of ESS is minimized, and contribution to solving the nation's power supply shortage is made by the operation based on the detailed identification of energy storage status of ESS. 1. A microgrid system comprisingan energy generation (EG) system;one or more electrical load coupled to the EG system;an ESS (energy storage system) coupled to the EG system and the electrical load;an EMS (energy management system) for managing energy of the microgrid including the EG, the one or more electrical load, the ESS, and power transaction between the microgrid and a system power (grid);wherein the EMS comprises:a first module which forecasts power supply and demand, does operation scheduling, and controls ESS that stores EG electricity;a second module for checking and managing state of charge of the ESS;a third module for calculating and managing the discharge rate of the ESS;a fourth module for system power flattening control to reduce a difference between maximum value and minimum value of system power by checking the load, the EG system generation amount, charge/discharge rate of the ESS, and the system power (grid) power usage by the microgrid;a fifth module for system power smoothing control reducing a variation in the usage of system power by time periods;a sixth module for controlling power smoothing of the ESS;a seventh module for controlling the peak of ...

ELECTRICAL INDEPENDENCE OF TRACKER ROWS

A photovoltaic (PV) system can include one or more trackers that each includes a plurality of rows of PV collection devices. The rows of PV collection devices can be electrically independent from one another. 1. A photovoltaic (PV) system , comprising:a first tracker that includes a first plurality of rows of PV collection devices, wherein at least one of the first plurality of rows is electrically independent from another one of the first plurality of rows.2. The PV system of claim 1 , wherein each row of the first plurality of rows is electrically independent from one another.3. The PV system of claim 1 , further comprising:at least one maximum power point tracking module configured to perform separate maximum power point tracking for each row of the first plurality of rows.4. The PV system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one maximum power point tracking module is housed in a central inverter.5. The PV system of claim 1 , wherein the first tracker comprises optics configured to concentrate light on the PV collection devices.6. The PV system of claim 1 , further comprising:a second tracker that includes a second plurality of rows of PV collection devices, wherein a row of the first plurality of rows is electrically coupled in series to a corresponding row of the second plurality of rows.7. The PV system of claim 6 , further comprising a maximum power point tracking module configured to perform maximum power point tracking for the row of the first plurality of rows and for the corresponding row of the second plurality of rows.8. The PV system of claim 1 , further comprising:a second tracker that includes a second plurality of rows of PV collection devices, wherein each row of the second plurality of rows is electrically independent from one another, wherein each row of the first plurality of rows is electrically independent from one another,wherein each row of the first plurality of rows is electrically coupled to a corresponding one of the rows of the second ...

ENERGY HARVESTER WITH MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SWITCHED-CAPACITOR (MIMOSC) CIRCUITRY

In one embodiment, an energy harvesting system includes multiple-input-multiple-output switched-capacitor (MIMOSC) circuitry comprising a plurality of switched-capacitor circuit units to receive a plurality of direct current (DC) input voltages at respective input terminals of the switched-capacitor circuit unit, combine the received DC input voltages, and provide the combined DC input voltages at an output terminal of the switched-capacitor circuit unit. The energy harvesting system also includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuitry coupled to switches of the switched-capacitor circuit units of the MIMOSC circuitry. The MPPT circuitry is to provide a plurality of switching signals to the switches of the switched-capacitor circuit units. The MIMOSC circuitry is to provide a plurality of DC output voltages to respective loads based on the switching signals from the MPPT circuitry. 1. An energy harvesting system , comprising: receive a plurality of direct current (DC) input voltages at respective input terminals of the switched-capacitor circuit unit;', 'combine the received DC input voltages; and', 'provide the combined DC input voltages at an output terminal of the switched-capacitor circuit unit; and, 'multiple-input-multiple-output switched-capacitor (MIMOSC) circuitry comprising a plurality of switched-capacitor circuit units tomaximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuitry coupled to switches of the switched-capacitor circuit units of the MIMOSC circuitry, the MPPT circuitry to provide a plurality of switching signals to the switches of the switched-capacitor circuit units;wherein the MIMOSC circuitry is to provide a plurality of DC output voltages to respective loads based on the switching signals from the MPPT circuitry.2. The energy harvesting system of claim 1 , wherein at least one switched-capacitor circuit unit of the plurality of switched-capacitor circuit units comprises:a first capacitor;a second capacitor;a first switch between a first input ...

APPARATUS FOR HARVESTING ENERGY USING DUAL ENVIRONMENT ENERGY SOURCE AND METHOD THEREOF

Disclosed are an apparatus for harvesting energy using a DC energy harvesting source and an AC energy harvesting source and a method thereof. More particularly, the apparatus for harvesting energy includes an AC harvester configured to extract power from an AC environment energy source; a DC harvester configured to extract power from a DC environment energy source; and a power transferrer configured to control a transfer path of power extracted from the DC harvester based on a magnitude of a voltage of an AC harvesting capacitor, which is an internal capacitor of the AC environment energy source, and a magnitude of a voltage applied from the DC harvester. 1. An apparatus for harvesting energy , comprising:an AC harvester configured to extract power from an AC environment energy source;a DC harvester configured to extract power from a DC environment energy source; anda power transferrer configured to control a transfer path of power extracted from the DC harvester based on a magnitude of a voltage of an AC harvesting capacitor, which is an internal capacitor of the AC environment energy source, and a magnitude of a voltage applied from the DC harvester.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the power transferrer transfers the power extracted from the DC harvester to the AC harvesting capacitor when the voltage of the AC harvesting capacitor is higher than the voltage applied from the DC harvester.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the power transferrer transfers the power extracted from the DC harvester to a battery when the voltage of the AC harvesting capacitor is lower than the voltage applied from the DC harvester.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the power transferrer comprises a first NMOS transistor electrically connected to the AC harvesting capacitor claim 1 , a second NMOS transistor electrically connected to the first NMOS transistor claim 1 , and a PMOS transistor electrically connected between the first NMOS transistor ...

Fast active power output reduction system of doubly-fed induction generator and method thereof

The present invention discloses a FPR system of DFIG, comprising a DC chopper circuit made up of a fully-controlled power switching device and a dump resistor first connected in series and then connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC-link; the fully-controlled power switching device is driven by a power switching device driver; the power switching device driver comprises a first inverting adder, a first PI controller and a PWM modem; the positive and negative input ends of the first inverting adder receive the real-time DC-link voltage signal and its threshold value respectively, and the output end of the first inverting adder is connected to the input end of the first PI controller; the output end of the first PI controller is connected to the input end of the PWM modem; the PWM modem outputs the pulse signal to the control end of the fully-controlled power switching device.

PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USING THE SAME

A photovoltaic generation system includes: a solar cell array formed with one or more solar cell modules; and a power conditioner, wherein each of the solar cell modules includes one or more solar cells, the photovoltaic generation system further has a first conductive wire connected to a conductor parts which is provided at each of the solar cell modules and which is insulated from the solar cells, and a constant voltage power supply whose one end is connected to the first conductive wire, and a potential is supplied to the conductor parts by the constant voltage power supply. As a result, the photovoltaic generation system which can suppress degradation of solar cell characteristics due to PID while suppressing increase in manufacturing cost of the solar cell module is provided. 111.-. (canceled)12. A photovoltaic generation system comprising: a solar cell array formed with one or more solar cell modules; and a power conditioner , whereineach of the solar cell modules includes one or more solar cells,the photovoltaic generation system further comprises a first conductive wire connected to a conductor parts which is provided at each of the solar cell modules and which is insulated from the solar cells and a constant voltage power supply whose one end is connected to the first conductive wire, anda potential is supplied to the conductor parts by the constant voltage power supply.13. The photovoltaic generation system according to claim 12 ,wherein the potential supplied to the conductor parts is a negative potential.14. The photovoltaic generation system according to claim 12 ,wherein each of the solar cell modules includes a plurality of solar cells, andthe solar cells are connected to one another with a second conductive wire.15. The photovoltaic generation system according to claim 13 ,wherein each of the solar cell modules includes a plurality of solar cells, andthe solar cells are connected to one another with a second conductive wire.16. The photovoltaic ...

Serially Connected Inverters

A photovoltaic power generation system, having a photovoltaic panel, which has a direct current (DC) output and a micro-inverter with input terminals and output terminals. The input terminals are adapted for connection to the DC output. The micro-inverter is configured for converting an input DC power received at the input terminals to an output alternating current (AC) power at the output terminals. A bypass current path between the output terminals may be adapted for passing current produced externally to the micro-inverter. The micro-inverter is configured to output an alternating current voltage significantly less than a grid voltage.

INTELLIGENT SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE CIRCUIT AND CONTROL/PROTECTION METHOD THEREFOR

Provided are an intelligent solar photovoltaic module circuit and a control method therefor. The circuit includes: multiple photovoltaic strings connected in series, where each of the photovoltaic strings includes an intelligent photovoltaic module unit and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) functional module connected in series with the intelligent photovoltaic module unit; a central processing unit (CPU) memory module configured to receive and analyze a state of the intelligent photovoltaic module unit; and a control module electrically connected with the CPU memory module and configured to control a MPPT function, where each of the photovoltaic strings is connected with a switch transistor configured to short-circuit the intelligent photovoltaic module unit or disconnect the photovoltaic string from other photovoltaic strings, and the switch transistor is controlled by the control module. 1. An intelligent solar photovoltaic module circuit , comprising:a plurality of photovoltaic strings connected in series, wherein each of the photovoltaic strings comprises an intelligent photovoltaic module unit and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) functional module connected in series with the intelligent photovoltaic module unit;a central processing unit (CPU) memory module configured to receive and analyze a state of the intelligent photovoltaic module unit; anda control module electrically connected with the CPU memory module and configured to control a MPPT function, whereineach of the photovoltaic strings is connected with a switch transistor configured to short-circuit the intelligent photovoltaic module unit or disconnect the photovoltaic string from other photovoltaic strings, and the switch transistor is controlled by the control module.2. The intelligent solar photovoltaic module circuit according to claim 1 , whereineach of the photovoltaic strings comprises one switch transistor;an anode of the switch transistor is connected with an anode of the intelligent ...

Operation voltage control circuit device for solar cells connected in series or other power supplies

An operation voltage control circuit device includes a column of selective electrical conduction elements connected in series, a column of capacitors connected in parallel to the selective electrical conduction elements, inverted voltage generation units alternately inserted between the selective electrical conduction elements and the capacitors, and electrode connection terminals connected in parallel to the capacitors between a pair of output terminals and connected to power supply cells connected in series to each other. The column of the selective electrical conduction elements are alternately grouped and are controlled to be alternately switched to an electrical conduction state or a cutoff state. The operation voltage control circuit device further includes auxiliary capacitors connected in parallel to the selective electrical conduction elements excluding both ends of the selective electrical conduction element column, and auxiliary inverted voltage generation units alternately inserted between the selective electrical conduction elements and the auxiliary capacitors.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER GENERATION

The invention broadly encompasses a system including a communications network, a plurality of remotely located data sources to provide power data, the power data including quantitative and qualitative data of one or more renewable energy power generation units, and a performance monitor in communication with the plurality of remotely located data sources through the communications network, the performance monitor including a data store to store the power data, and a power manager to manage generation of power from the one or more renewable energy power generation units. 125-. (canceled)26. A system , comprising a processor and a non-transitory data storage device that contains instructions when executed by the processor comprising:a performance monitor, the performance monitor in communication with a plurality of remotely located data sources through a communications network,wherein the plurality of remotely located data sources provide power data of one or more renewable energy power generation units; 'a power manager to manage generation of power from the one or more renewable energy power generation units.', 'the performance monitor including'}27. The system of claim 26 , wherein the power data includes quantitative and qualitative data.28. The system of claim 27 , wherein the quantitative data includes supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data from a renewable energy power plant and/or market data.29. The system of claim 27 , wherein the quantitative data includes operational cost data of the one or more renewable energy power generation units.30. The system of claim 27 , wherein the qualitative data includes event log data of the one or more renewable energy power generation units.31. The system of claim 27 , wherein the qualitative data includes a meteorological condition in a geographical region in which one or more of the renewable energy power generation units are located.32. The system of claim 31 , wherein the meteorological condition is ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER STATION

A photovoltaic (PV) power station includes at least one AC power production unit. The AC power production unit includes an energy reservoir that is supplied with DC energy from a DC power generator, such as PV panels. The energy reservoir is used as a buffer to store energy, and improve the efficiency of the PV power station. Whether or not an energy reservoir is used, decoupler devices may be used to prevent power annihilation that can decrease the amount of power delivered by the power station to the grid. In system integration for a PV power station, it is found that the declared rating of DC/AC converter in power grid convention should not be taken as the power conversion capability. 1. A PV power station comprising at least one AC power production unit , each of one or more of the at least one AC power production unit comprising:a DC power generator composed of x MW solar strings, where x is a positive number;one or more first DC/AC 3-phase converters with a total declared power rating of y MW, the first DC/AC 3-phase converter(s) receiving DC power provided by the DC power generator and converting the received DC power into AC power and providing that converted AC power through a transformer to a power grid;an energy reservoir that receives at least some of a remaining portion of the DC power generated by the DC power generator; andone or more second DC/AC 3-phase converters having a total declared power rating of z MW, where z is a positive number, the second DC/AC 3-phase converter(s) receiving DC power from the energy reservoir and converting the received DC power from the energy reservoir into AC power and providing that converted AC power through a transformer to the power grid,the sum of y and z being greater than x.2. The PV power station in accordance with claim 1 , the sum of y and z being greater than 2 times x.3. The PV power station in accordance with claim 1 , the sum of y and z being between 1.1 and 2 times x.4. The PV power station in accordance ...

CONTROLLED ENERGY STORAGE BALANCE TECHNOLOGY

An energy storage system that comprises an energy reservoir and a system controller. The energy reservoir is charged by DC energy from a DC energy source while discharging DC energy to a DC/AC converter. A system controller regulates the DC energy discharged from the energy reservoir to the DC/AC converter to nearly balance the amount of DC energy charged into the energy reservoir. Because this charging and discharging is nearly balanced, the size of the energy reservoir can be made quite small relative to the amount of charging and discharging. This is advantageous where the flow of charge and discharge is high, as might be the case if the energy reservoir receives charge from all or a substantial portion of a power station, such as a solar power station. With such a controller, the use of an energy reservoir becomes technically feasible even with such large current flows. 1. An energy storage system comprising:an energy reservoir that is charged by DC energy from a DC energy source while discharging DC energy to a DC/AC converter; a detection component configured to measure a stored energy level in the energy reservoir;', 'a determination component configured to use the measured stored energy level of the energy level to evaluate whether an adjustment is to be made; and', 'a delivery component configured to encode the instruction to perform the adjustment into a coded message when the determination component determines that the adjustment is to be made, and also configured to deliver the coded message to the DC/AC converter., 'a system controller to regulate the DC energy discharged from the energy reservoir to the DC/AC converter to nearly balance the amount of DC energy charged into the energy reservoir, the system controller comprising2. The energy storage system of claim 1 , the detection component measuring the stored energy level by measuring a terminal voltage of the energy reservoir.3. The energy storage system of claim 2 , the measuring of the terminal ...

Photovoltaic module

Disclosed is a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes a solar cell module including a plurality of solar cells, and an inverter unit to receive a direct current (DC) voltage from the solar cell module and convert the DC voltage received from the solar cell module into an alternating current (AC) voltage without converting a level of the DC voltage received from the solar cell module.

POWER DETECTION CIRCUIT FOR TRACKING MAXIMUM POWER POINT OF SOLAR CELL AND METHOD THEREOF

Provided is a power detection circuit for tracking a maximum power point of a solar cell. The power detection circuit includes: an average voltage extracting unit which extracts an average voltage Vfrom an external voltage Vinput from an external energy source; a ripple voltage extracting unit which extracts a ripple voltage including current information of the external voltage Vfrom the external voltage V; a voltage-time converter which generates a ramp voltage Vchanging at a predetermined rate and converts the average voltage Vand the ripple voltage into corresponding time information Δtand Δtbased on the ramp voltage V; a time-digital converter which converts the time information Δtfor the ripple voltage into a digital code t[n:0]; and a time multiplier which multiplies the digital code t[n:0] and the time information Δtfor the average voltage Vto output a specific voltage value. 1. A power detection circuit , comprising:an average voltage extracting unit which extracts an average voltage from an external voltage input from an external energy source;a ripple voltage extracting unit which extracts a ripple voltage from the external voltage;a voltage-time converter which generates a ramp voltage changing at a predetermined rate and converts the average voltage and the ripple voltage into corresponding time information based on the ramp voltage;a time-digital converter which converts the time information for the ripple voltage into a digital code; anda time multiplier which multiplies the digital code and the time information for the average voltage and outputs a specific voltage value.2. The power detection circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the external energy source is a solar cell and the external voltage has a triangular waveform.3. The power detection circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the average voltage extracting unit includes a low pass filter (LPF) through which the external voltage passes to extract the average voltage.4. The power detection ...

POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A power conversion system is to be used with an energy source. A plurality of conversion units are used in series via their output with the energy source output. A positive pin of a first converter and the negative pin of a last converter of the series are for connection to an output () of the energy source, and for each two neighboring converters in this series a negative pin of an upstream converter is connected to a positive pin of a downstream converter which both pins are decoupled from the energy source except for the positive pin of the first converter and the negative pin of the last converter. A master monitor unit is adapted to monitor the output power of the energy source and to control the input voltage of each conversion unit synchronously in dependence on the monitored output power. In this way, a set of conversion units are configured, with the conversion units sharing the output from the energy source. This provides a scalable system. 1. A power conversion system to be used with an energy source , comprising:a plurality of conversion units, each comprising a pair of input terminals and a pair of output terminals, wherein the input terminals are connected in series with the energy source, wherein the positive input terminal of a first converter and the negative input terminal of a last converter of the series are for connection to an output of the energy source, and for each two neighboring converters in this series a negative input terminal pin of an upstream converter is connected to a positive input terminal of a downstream converter which both input terminals are decoupled from the energy source except for the positive input terminal of the first converter and the negative input terminal of the last converter;a master monitor unit adapted to monitor the output power of the energy source; anda controller adapted to control the input voltage of each conversion unit synchronously in dependence on the monitored output power.3. A system as claimed in ...

POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND POWER SUPPLY METHOD

The present invention relates to the photoelectric field, and provides a power supply system and a power supply method, so as to reduce costs of a lead between a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a photovoltaic panel and a direct current voltage source. The power supply system includes: a photovoltaic panel string, an inverter connected to the photovoltaic panel string, and a transformer connected to the inverter. The power supply system further includes a voltage controller. The voltage controller includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The voltage controller further includes: a first sampling unit, a control unit connected to the first sampling unit, and an inverter unit. 1. A power supply system , comprising: a photovoltaic panel string , an inverter , and a transformer , wherein an input end of the inverter is connected to an output end of the photovoltaic panel string , an output end of the inverter is connected to an input end of the transformer , and an output end of the transformer is configured to output a supply voltage , the power supply system further comprising a voltage controller , whereinthe voltage controller comprises: a first sampling unit, a control unit connected to the first sampling unit, and an inverter unit connected to both the first sampling unit and the control unit; andthe voltage controller further comprises: a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, whereinan end of the first terminal is connected to a first output end of the inverter unit, the other end of the first terminal is connected to a first output end of the inverter, an end of the second terminal is connected to a second output end of the inverter unit, the other end of the second terminal is connected to a second output end of the inverter, an end of the third terminal is connected to a third output end of the inverter unit, and the other end of the third terminal is connected to a third output end of the inverter;the ...

AN ELECTRICAL POWER ENERGY CONVERTER UNIT FOR CONVERTING DIRECT CURRENT TO DIRECT CURRENT, DC-DC, WITH MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING, MPPT, TO GET THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE EFFICIENCY

The invention relates to an electrical power energy converter unit for converting Direct Current to Direct Current, DC-DC, with maximum power point tracking that measures converted power at the output and controller module. 119-. (canceled)20. An electrical power energy converter unit for converting Direct Current to Direct Current (DC-DC) , comprising:a DC-DC converting module operable for connecting with an energy harvesting module, supplying an electrical input for the DC-DC converting module, and outputting an electrical output for connecting a load;a controller module operable for electrically controlling the DC-DC converting module and controlling electrical parameters thereof, wherein the electrical parameters comprise at least an input impedance of the DC-DC converting module; anda maximum power point tracking module, coupled with the controller module, operable for outputting a power point control signal to the controller module for adjusting at least one of the electrical parameters, wherein the maximum power point tracking module comprises a resistor connected in series with the electrical output of the DC-DC converting module, and providing the power point control signal to the controller module upon a comparison between a first and second voltage potential sample over the resistor, wherein the first and second voltage potential are sampled sequentially in time.21. The electrical power energy converter unit according to claim 20 , wherein the electrical power energy converter unit is operable for subsequently turning on and off the maximum power point tracking module.22. The electrical power energy converter unit according to claim 20 , wherein the electrical power energy converter unit is operable for subsequently turning on and off the current to the resistor.23. The electrical power energy converter unit according to claim 21 , wherein the electrical power energy converter unit is operable for simultaneously turning on and off the maximum power point ...

SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER ADAPTABLE FOR MULTIPLE SOLAR SUBSTRING CHEMISTRIES AND CONFIGURATIONS

A system for balancing voltages in solar substrings in a first solar panel includes an inductive balancer circuit. The inductive balancer circuit includes a first power level pair and a second power level pair each coupled to the solar substring, and including: a pair of switches arranged in series; a pair of capacitors arranged in series and connected in parallel to the first pair of switches; and an inductor arranged between the first pair of switches and the first pair of capacitors. The system further includes a controller coupled to the inductive balancer circuit and configured to: oscillate states of the pair of switches at a duty cycle; balance voltages across the first power level pair and the second power level pair; and generate a total voltage output that is a multiple of a nominal operating voltage of a most-illuminated solar substring. 1. A system comprising:{'claim-text': ['a first solar substring; and', 'a second solar substring; and'], '#text': 'a first solar panel comprising:'}{'claim-text': [{'claim-text': ['a first pair of switches arranged in series;', 'a first pair of capacitors arranged in series and connected in parallel to the first pair of switches; and', 'a first inductor arranged between the first pair of switches and the first pair of capacitors; and'], '#text': 'a first power level pair coupled to the first solar substring comprising:'}, {'claim-text': ['a second pair of switches arranged in series;', 'a second pair of capacitors arranged in series and connected in parallel to the second pair of switches; and', 'a second inductor arranged between the second pair of switches and the second pair of capacitors, connected to the first pair of switches and the first pair of capacitors; and'], '#text': 'a second power level pair coupled to the second solar substring comprising:'}, {'claim-text': ['oscillate states of the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches at a first duty cycle;', 'balance voltages across the first power ...

SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER ADAPTABLE FOR MULTIPLE SOLAR SUBSTRING CHEMISTRIES AND CONFIGURATIONS

A system for balancing voltages in solar substrings in a first solar panel includes an inductive balancer circuit. The inductive balancer circuit includes a first power level pair and a second power level pair each coupled to the solar substring, and including: a pair of switches arranged in series; a pair of capacitors arranged in series and connected in parallel to the first pair of switches; and an inductor arranged between the first pair of switches and the first pair of capacitors. The system further includes a controller coupled to the inductive balancer circuit and configured to: oscillate states of the pair of switches at a duty cycle; balance voltages across the first power level pair and the second power level pair; and generate a total voltage output that is a multiple of a nominal operating voltage of a most-illuminated solar substring. 1. A system comprising:{'claim-text': ['a first solar substring; and', 'a second solar substring; and'], '#text': 'a first solar panel comprising:'}{'claim-text': [{'claim-text': ['a first pair of switches arranged in series;', 'a first pair of capacitors arranged in series and connected in parallel to the first pair of switches; and', 'a first inductor arranged between the first pair of switches and the first pair of capacitors; and'], '#text': 'a first power level pair coupled to the first solar substring comprising:'}, {'claim-text': ['a second pair of switches arranged in series;', 'a second pair of capacitors arranged in series and connected in parallel to the second pair of switches; and', 'a second inductor arranged between the second pair of switches and the second pair of capacitors, connected to the first pair of switches and the first pair of capacitors; and'], '#text': 'a second power level pair coupled to the second solar substring comprising:'}, {'claim-text': ['oscillate states of the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches at a first duty cycle;', 'balance voltages across the first power ...

ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR DELIVERING A CURRENT-CONTROLLED VOLTAGE

An arrangement involving printed conductive traces includes at least a voltage source (V) and at least one target component, preferably a light-emitting component such as an LED. The arrangement is adapted to produce a current-controlled voltage (V, V) originating from the voltage source, the current-controlled voltage being coupled to the at least one target component, wherein said voltage is dependent on the current (I, I) that is being passed through the target component and said voltage is adaptable to a varying resistance of the arrangement and its features. 1. An arrangement involving printed conductive traces , the arrangement comprising at least a voltage source (V) and at least one target component the arrangement being adapted to produce a current-controlled voltage (V , V) originating from the voltage source , the current-controlled voltage being coupled to the at least one target component , wherein said voltage is dependent on the current (I , I) that is being passed through the target component and said voltage is adaptable to a varying resistance of the arrangement and its features.2. The arrangement of claim 1 , the arrangement additionally comprising at least one of each of a measuring circuit and a voltage regulation circuit claim 1 , wherein the measuring circuit is configured to detect a current (I) that is at least indicative of the current being passed through the target component claim 1 , wherein the measuring circuit is additionally configured to control the voltage regulation circuit to produce an output voltage (V) that is dependent on said detected current claim 1 , the output voltage (V) then being the produced current-controlled voltage that is coupled to the target component claim 1 , wherein the target component comprises a matrix of components.3. The arrangement of claim 2 , wherein the matrix of components comprises a matrix of LEDs.4. The arrangement of claim 2 , wherein the measuring circuit comprises at least a current sense ...

CONTROL DEVICE AND SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

A control device is connected to at least one solar cell module and an inverter, and controls the at least one solar cell module by MPPT control. The control device includes an opening/closing unit and a control unit. The opening/closing unit includes a semiconductor relay and a mechanical relay connected in parallel with the semiconductor relay. The control unit controls opening and closing of the opening/closing unit in response to a control signal from the inverter. In a case of connecting the at least one solar cell module and the inverter, the control unit turns ON the semiconductor relay to turn ON the mechanical relay, and then disconnects the semiconductor relay. In a case of cutting off the connection between the at least one solar cell module and the inverter, the control unit connects the semiconductor relay to disconnect the mechanical relay, and then disconnects the semiconductor relay.

Devices and methods for use 5 with refrigeration devices including temperature-controlled container systems

Generally, this disclosure relates to methods of prioritizing or directing available power to a main device, such as a temperature-stabilized and/or temperature-controlled storage container. In an embodiment, the method may include measuring electrical power available from a solar photovoltaic module array that is electrically coupled to the main device, and modulating the electrical power drawn by the main device based on the available electrical power. Available power unused by the main device may be diverted to one or more secondary devices.

Rechargeable battery controller

A rechargeable battery controller combined with a rechargeable battery is used in an existing PV system. The rechargeable battery controller changes the charge/discharge power of the rechargeable battery, based on a measured input voltage value and a measured input current value of the PCS, to allow input power of the PCS to be nearer a target value by a power value less than a value obtained by multiplying a voltage variation under MPPT control using hill climbing and the measured input current value of the PCS.

ENERGY UTILIZATION POINT TRACKER INVERTER

A sequential extraction control device for use in a 3-phase DC/AC converter. The 3-phase converter has three single-phase DC/AC converters, each controlled by a respective PWM extractor. Duty factor adjustments are made depending on a current portion of an AC power cycle. A sequential regulator causes the PWM extractors to have non-overlapping duty cycles such that extractions of each of the single-phase DC/AC converters is performed in sequence, rather than concurrently. This improves the efficiency in extracting power from the DC power. 1. A sequential energy extraction control device which is configured to control a DC energy extraction sequence and an energy extraction duration time of the three single-phase DC/AC converters which are built in a 3-phase DC/AC converter:the first single phase converter in the 3-phase DC/AC converter comprising a first PWM extractor configured to extract first AC power from a DC power source so that the first AC power has a frequency and a first phase that conforms to the power grid convention of the AC power that exists in a first power delivering cable pair of a 3-phase AC power grid;the second single phase converter in the 3-phase DC/AC converter comprising a second PWM extractor configured to extract second AC power from the DC power source so that the second AC power has the same frequency as the first AC power but with a second phase that conforms to the power grid convention of the AC power that exists in a second power delivering cable pair of the 3-phase AC power grid; andthe third single-phase converter in the 3-phase DC/AC converter comprising a third PWM extractor configured to extract third AC power from the DC power source so that the third AC power has the same frequency as the first AC power but with a third phase that conforms to the power grid convention of the AC power that exists in a third power delivering cable pair of the 3-phase AC power grid;the sequential energy extraction control device comprising:a ...

Maximum power extraction device

Provided is a maximum power extraction devices including: a battery; a voltage control unit adjusting a size of a first power outputted from the battery according to a resistor selected from a plurality of resistors, and generating a compare signal according to a size difference between an operating voltage adjusting the size of the first power depending on the selected resistor and a reference voltage; a switching unit connected between the battery and a load and adjusting a size of the operating voltage according to a size difference of the compare signal in response to first and second switching control signals; a switching control unit generating the first and second switching control signals to allow a size between the operating voltage according to the compare signal and the reference voltage to be within an error range; and a maximum power control unit measuring the number of first operations obtained by counting the occurrence number of the first or second switching control signals for a predetermined time, when the compare signal is within the error range.

MODULAR CONNECTIVITY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUIT BOARDS AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES AND METHODS

Modular connectivity and power management systems and associated devices and methods are disclosed herein. A modular system configured in accordance with implementations of the present technology can include, for example, a housing, a display, and a single, active printed circuit board including a variety of connectivity and energy management devices electrically coupled thereto. In some implementations, the printed circuit board can include a microprocessor, a micro controller, a power management system, a plurality of communication devices, and a USB port. The modular system can include an internal battery, an external battery, and can be configured to directly connect to a solar panel and/or a DC power source. The modular system can be configured to charge the internal battery before charging the external battery and/or can be configured to use power stored on the external battery before using power stored on the internal battery. 1. A modular system , comprising:a housing;a display; anda single, active printed circuit board within the housing,wherein the printed circuit board includes a microprocessor, a micro controller, a power management system, a plurality of communication devices, and at least one universal serial bus (USB) port, andwherein the modular system is configured to directly connect to and be powered by a solar panel.2. The modular system of claim 1 , further comprising an internal battery and/or an external battery claim 1 , wherein the internal battery and/or the external battery are electrically coupled to the printed circuit board.3. The modular system of claim 1 , further comprising an internal battery and an external battery claim 1 , wherein the external battery is identical to the internal battery.4. The modular system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of communication devices includes at least two devices from a group of communication devices comprising a WiFi device claim 1 , a cellular device claim 1 , and a Bluetooth device.5. The ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, AND DISPATCH

A property power system can include multiple photovoltaic (PV) panels to generate DC electrical energy from solar energy and a first power conversion module to convert between DC and AC electrical energy and to control aspects of each PV panel. The property power system can have a group of battery blades to store electrical energy and another power conversion module to convert between DC and AC electrical energy and to control aspects of each battery blade. The property power system can have a multiple synchronization interfaces configured to aggregate the AC electrical energy of each of the PV panels/battery blades, respectively, and to control delivery of the aggregated AC electrical energy. The property power system can include a grid circuit disconnector to prevent back-feed of power during grid outage condition while the PV panels or the group of battery blades is powering an electrical load center of the property. 1. A system for distributing , storing , and generating energy , the system comprising:an array of photovoltaic (PV) panels configured to generate DC electrical energy from solar energy radiated toward the array of PV panels, wherein each PV panel of the array comprises a first power conversion module to convert between DC electrical energy and AC electrical energy and to control an operational characteristic of the PV panel;a group of battery blades configured to store electrical energy, wherein each battery blade of the group of battery blades comprises a second power conversion module to convert between DC electrical energy and AC electrical energy and to control an operational characteristic of the battery blade;a first synchronization interface configured to aggregate the AC electrical energy of each of the PV panels, to control delivery of the AC electrical energy of each of the PV panels, as aggregated, to one or more of an electrical outlet or panel, and to implement regulative protection including anti-islanding protection;a second ...

MLPE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC STRING CONTROL IN MLPE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

A module level power electronics (MLPE) photovoltaic system and a method for photovoltaic string control are provided. The method is applied to a control unit in the MLPE photovoltaic system. The control unit detects an output current of each photovoltaic string in the MLPE photovoltaic system, and then controls, for photovoltaic strings connected in parallel to a same inverter in the MLPE photovoltaic system, a voltage of a photovoltaic string with larger output current to be reduced, or controls a voltage of a photovoltaic string with smaller output current to be increased, so that backflow current can be reduced to preset range tolerable for MLPE device. The method is from a perspective of the MLPE photovoltaic system, the backflow current is limited by controlling voltage change of associated photovoltaic string without additional hardware cost, effectively protecting MLPE device in the MLPE photovoltaic system. 1. A method for photovoltaic string control in a module level power electronics (MLPE) photovoltaic system , the method being applicable to a control unit in the MLPE photovoltaic system , and the method comprising:detecting an output current of each photovoltaic string in the MLPE photovoltaic system; andcontrolling, for photovoltaic strings connected in parallel to a same inverter in the MLPE photovoltaic system, a voltage of a photovoltaic string with a larger output current to be reduced, or controlling a voltage of a photovoltaic string with a smaller output current to be increased, to reduce a backflow current to a preset range.2. The method for photovoltaic string control in the MLPE photovoltaic system according to claim 1 , wherein if the inverter has an output power claim 1 , the controlling a voltage of a photovoltaic string with a larger output current to be reduced comprises:reducing a direct-current voltage of an input end of the inverter by controlling a current of the input end of the inverter.3. The method for photovoltaic string control ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DIRECT CURRENT (DC) BUS CONTROL

Solar power systems and methods utilize DC power transmission and centralized power inversion. The solar power systems include a photovoltaic (PV) bus system and a fixed bus system. The PV system utilizes a control mode handoff control method, which includes determining that a local maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is enabled; in response to determining that the local MPPT control is enabled, starting an MPPT mode timer; performing local MPPT; determining that the MPPT mode timer is greater than a predetermined period; and, in response to determining that the MPPT mode timer is greater than a predetermined period, handing off MPPT control to the next MPPT controller. The distributed MPPT control method may include sequential MPPT control, adaptive ΔV MPPT control, and/or power limiting control. The fixed bus system includes PV string-level MPPT controllers and a fixed DC input central inverter or multiple fixed DC modular inverters. 1. A method comprising:determining, at a current DC/DC controller, that a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is enabled;in response to determining that the MPPT control is enabled, starting an MPPT mode timer;performing MPPT;determining that the MPPT mode timer is greater than a predetermined period; andin response to determining that the MPPT mode timer is greater than a predetermined period, handing off MPPT control mode to a next DC/DC controller.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining that the MPPT control is not enabled; andin response to determining that the MPPT control is not enabled, holding a previous duty cycle at the current DC/DC controller's last known MPPT setpoint.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:measuring local voltage and current; anddetermining MPPT ΔV based on the local voltage.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:determining that a power limit is enabled; and determining output power based on the local voltage and current; and', 'determining that the output ...

TECHNIQUES IN HYBRID REGULATORS OF HIGH POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO AND CONVERSION EFFICIENCY

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe methods, apparatuses, and systems for hybrid low dropout regulator (LDO) architecture and realization to provide high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and high conversion efficiency (CE), and other benefits. The hybrid LDO may be coupled with dual rails for its analog LDO branch and digital LDO respectively to achieve high PSRR and high CE by utilizing the hybrid architecture with several feedback loops. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. 1. A voltage regulator circuit , comprising:a first set of digital devices that is to provide a first portion of current to a load, wherein the first set of digital devices is to be controlled by a digital regulator; anda second set of analog devices that is to provide a second portion of current to the load, wherein the second set of analog devices is to reduce noise in the first portion of current to the load.2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first set of digital devices is coupled to a first rail to receive a first voltage and the second set of analog devices is coupled to a second rail to receive second voltage that is different from the first voltage.3. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising the digital regulator claim 1 , wherein the digital regulator is to:receive a gate voltage of the second set of analog devices;compare the gate voltage to a low reference and a high reference, respectively, wherein the low reference is smaller than the high reference; andgenerate a control signal to control a shift register of the first set of digital devices based on the respective comparisons of the gate voltage, wherein the shift register is to control respective power transistors of the first set of digital devices to be on or off.4. The circuit of claim 3 , wherein the low reference is based at least in part on an input voltage of the second set of analog devices and a maximum value of a target power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of an output voltage to be ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR POWER MANAGEMENT

Devices and methods for providing a mobile source of power for many different types of situations are provided. A portable emergency alternating current (AC) energy (PEACE) Supplier can serve as a mobile source of power for users with photovoltaic (PV) and/or energy storage systems during power outage situations caused by normal or extreme scenarios. A Supplier can also be used to provide power when weather conditions result in insufficient solar energy for the user's needs. 1. A system for managing power , the system comprising:a battery bank comprising at least one battery;a photovoltaic (PV) module comprising at least one solar panel;an inverter in operable communication with the battery bank and the PV module;a microcontroller in operable communication with the inverter, the battery bank, and the PV module;a machine-readable medium that uses information from the microcontroller to derive a power sharing plan; anda processor in operable communication with the machine-readable medium,the machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, perform a forecast model and a power sharing algorithm using the information from the microcontroller to derive the power sharing plan for power distribution and storage among the PV module, the battery bank, and a load connected to the system, andthe machine-readable medium comprising a graphical user interface (GUI) configured to allow a user to enter constraints for the power sharing plan.2. The system according to claim 1 , the microcontroller comprising a wireless module configured to wirelessly communicate with a remote database and to send data from the battery bank and the PV module to the remote database claim 1 ,the machine-readable medium obtaining the information from the microcontroller via the remote database.3. The system according to claim 1 , the microcontroller comprising a Wi-Fi module to enable wireless communication.4. The system according to claim 1 , further ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTING MAXIMUM POWER FROM ENERGY HARVESTER APPARATUS

An apparatus and a method capable of maximally transferring energy generated from an energy harvester apparatus to an output terminal by optimizing an input impedance of an apparatus for extracting maximum power disposed between an energy harvester apparatus and an energy storage apparatus are disclosed. The method for extracting maximum power includes: detecting, by an apparatus for extracting maximum power disposed between the energy harvest apparatus and an energy storage apparatus, a magnitude in output current flowing in the energy storage apparatus; comparing a magnitude in current extracted from the energy harvester apparatus with a magnitude in current supplied to the energy storage apparatus when the magnitude in output current is a positive number; and determining whether an algorithm for extracting maximum power using the magnitude in current based on the comparison result is applied and extracting the maximum power depending on the determination result. 1. A method for extracting maximum power from an energy harvester apparatus , the method comprising:detecting, by an apparatus for extracting maximum power disposed between the energy harvest apparatus and an energy storage apparatus, a magnitude in output current flowing in the energy storage apparatus;comparing a magnitude in current extracted from the energy harvester apparatus with a magnitude in current supplied to the energy storage apparatus when the magnitude in output current is a positive number; anddetermining whether an algorithm for extracting maximum power using the magnitude in current based on the comparison result is applied and extracting the maximum power depending on the determination result.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:when the magnitude in output current detected in the detecting of the magnitude in output current is a negative number or 0, performing, by the apparatus for extracting maximum power, a control to disconnect the energy storage apparatus.3. The method of ...

ENERGY STORAGE MODELING AND CONTROL

Systems and methods for optimal planning and real-time control of energy storage systems for multiple simultaneous applications are provided. Energy storage applications can be analyzed for relevant metrics such as profitability and impact on the functionality of the electric grid, subject to system-wide and energy storage hardware constraints. The optimal amount of storage capacity and the optimal operating strategy can then be derived for each application and be prioritized according to a dispatch stack, which can be statically or dynamically updated according to data forecasts. Embodiments can consist of both planning tools and real-time control algorithms. 1. A method for controlling operation of an energy storage system to minimize an energy cost of a micro-grid installation comprising a renewable energy generator , an on-site fossil fuel generator and an access to a power grid , the method comprising steps of:(a) retrieving from a first database, using a computer, first historical data relating to historical user's load;(b) retrieving from a second database, using the computer, second historical data relating to historical grid rates;(c) retrieving from a third database, using the computer, third historical data relating to historical renewable energy generation;(d) receiving, at the computer, a first physical model relating to a rate of degradation of the energy storage system;(e) receiving, at the computer, a second physical model relating to a fuel efficiency of the on-site fossil fuel generator;(f) receiving, at the computer, a third physical model relating to a rate of degradation of the renewable power generator;(g) receiving, at the computer, pricing schemes for peak and off-peak energy rates, peak demand charges, and net-metering benefits that apply when excess renewable energy is sold back to the power grid;(h) receiving, at the computer, one or more possible configurations of the energy storage system;(i) receiving, at the computer, one or more ...

METHOD FOR COORDINATING FREQUENCY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL PLANTS AND WIND POWER PLANTS

The present invention relates to a method for operating an electrical power system, comprising at least one wind turbine generator and at least one other power source, the method comprises the steps of, setting a set of technical requirements and limits for the electrical power system, including a total power reserve and at least one of: maximum electrical frequency deviation and allowable wind power electrical frequency fluctuations, distributing the total power reserve between the at least one other power source and a total wind power capacity available from the at least one wind turbine generator, and calculating in response thereto an amount of power reserve from the at least one wind turbine generator, and providing settings for a wind power controller, the settings comprising the set of technical requirements and the amount of power reserve from the at least one wind turbine generator. The invention also relates to a power plant operating according to the method. 1. Method for operating an electrical power system , comprising at least one wind turbine generator and at least one other power source , the method comprises:setting a set of technical requirements and limits for the electrical power system, including a total power reserve and at least one of: maximum electrical frequency deviation and allowable wind power electrical frequency fluctuations;distributing the total power reserve between the at least one other power source and a total wind power capacity available from the at least one wind turbine generator, and calculating in response thereto an amount of power reserve from the at least one wind turbine generator;providing settings for a wind power controller, the settings comprising the set of technical requirements and the amount of power reserve from the at least one wind turbine generator.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:detecting if the electrical power system is in a normal operation mode or in a disturbance ...

Correlating consumption and voltage data to identify line loss in an electric grid

Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with identifying non-technical line loss using data from smart meters in an electric grid are described. In one embodiment, a method includes querying a utility database to collect meter data, wherein the meter data is from electric meters connected to a transformer in an electric grid. Querying the utility database includes collecting the data according to a plurality of intervals over a period of time. Electric consumption and voltage variances are analyzed for the set of meters to identify a first set of intervals that satisfy a threshold for electric consumption and to identify a second set of intervals that satisfy a threshold for voltage variances. The first set of intervals is compared with the second set of intervals to determine whether the set of meters are associated with non-technical line loss.

Rechargeable battery controller

A rechargeable battery controller is combined with a rechargeable battery and used in an existing PV system. The controller includes a DC-DC converter, which allows power to be passed between a power line and a rechargeable battery, and a control unit, which determines whether maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control using hill climbing is being performed by a PCS based on an input voltage or current value of the PCS. The control unit regulates charge/discharge power of the rechargeable battery to allow input power of the PCS to be a target value based on the input voltage and current values of the PCS while MPPT control using hill climbing is performed, and maintains, in a period during which MPPT control using hill climbing is not performed, the charge/discharge power to be the power at a beginning of the period.

ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

An electronic apparatus includes solar cells, an accumulation portion that accumulates power generated by the solar cells, an electronic apparatus main body portion that is operated by using power accumulated in the accumulation portion, and an operation control circuit that performs control so that, in a case where a voltage of the accumulation portion increases, an operation of the electronic apparatus main body portion is started if the voltage of the accumulation portion exceeds a first threshold voltage, and, in a case where a voltage of the accumulation portion decreases, an operation of the electronic apparatus main body portion is stopped if the voltage of the accumulation portion is less than a second threshold voltage which is smaller than the first threshold voltage. 1. An electronic apparatus comprising:solar cells;an accumulation portion that accumulates power generated by the solar cells;an electronic apparatus main body portion that is operated by using power accumulated in the accumulation portion; andan operation control circuit that performs control so that, in a case where a voltage of the accumulation portion increases, an operation of the electronic apparatus main body portion is started when the voltage of the accumulation portion exceeds a first threshold voltage, and, in a case where a voltage of the accumulation portion decreases, an operation of the electronic apparatus main body portion is stopped when the voltage of the accumulation portion is less than a second threshold voltage which is smaller than the first threshold voltage.2. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein a difference voltage between the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage is higher than a drop voltage of the accumulation portion caused by the operation control circuit starting an operation of the electronic apparatus main body portion.3. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the operation control circuit includesa first ...

INPUT DEVICE AND INPUT SYSTEM

An input device includes a housing, an operation unit, an attaching portion, a photovoltaic unit, and a signal processor. The operation unit is movable relative to the housing. The attaching portion is used for attaching the housing. The photovoltaic unit is held by the housing, and generates electric power with use of light incident from a side where the attaching portion is disposed in the housing. The signal processor operates by receiving the electric power generated by the photovoltaic unit, and transmits detection information generated in response to movement of the operation unit via wireless communication. 1. An input device comprising:a housing;an operation unit movable relative to the housing;an attaching portion used for attaching the housing;a photovoltaic unit held by the housing, the photovoltaic unit generating electric power with use of light incident from a side in which the attaching portion is disposed in the housing; anda signal processor that operates by receiving the electric power generated by the photovoltaic unit, and transmits detection information generated in response to movement of the operation unit via wireless communication.2. The input device according to claim 1 , wherein the attaching portion is a sucker.3. The input device according to claim 1 , wherein the housing includes a transmission part that transmits the light incident from the side in which the attaching portion is disposed in the housing.4. The input device according to claim 1 , wherein when a predetermined change occurs in the electric power generated by the photovoltaic unit claim 1 , the signal processor transmits notification information via wireless communication.5. The input device according to claim 1 , further comprising a regulation member that changes a quantity of light incident on the photovoltaic unit in conjunction with the movement of the operation unit claim 1 ,wherein the signal processor detects the movement of the operation unit based on a change in ...

Energy distribution system and related methods, devices, and systems

Aspects of the disclosure are directed to an autonomous energy distribution network including a plurality of solar tracker devices configured to receive solar energy and transform the solar energy into electrical energy, where each of the solar tracker devices is directly connected to a node in a power distribution grid. The network also includes a node manager configured to receive status information from the solar trackers, where the status information includes information regarding the state of the node to which each of the solar tracker device are directly connected. 122-. (canceled)23. An autonomous energy distribution network , comprising:a plurality of solar tracker devices configured to receive solar energy and transform the solar energy into electrical energy, wherein each of the solar tracker devices is directly connected to a node in a power distribution grid; anda node manager configured to receive status information from the solar trackers, wherein the status information includes information regarding the state of the node to which each of the solar tracker device are directly connected.24. The energy distribution network of wherein the status information further includes geographical location of the solar tracker and a time stamp.25. The energy distribution network of wherein the information regarding the state of the node includes power signal condition.26. The energy distribution network of wherein the node manager is configured to associate the power signal condition at individual nodes with the corresponding geographical location and time stamp of the nodes.27. The energy distribution network of wherein at least one of the solar trackers includes the node manager.28. The energy distribution network of wherein the node manager is a first node manager claim 27 , and wherein:the energy distribution network further comprises a remote computing device including a second node manager in communication with the first node manager;the second node manager is ...

CONTROL METHOD OF POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS, THE POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS, AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

The disclosure reduces the occurrence of an inrush current upon electrical connection of a storage cell, allowing immediate use. A power supply apparatus is configured to convert DC power from a solar cell and a storage cell into AC power and includes: a first capacitor disposed between the solar cell and the storage cell; and a controller configured to charge the first capacitor with power from the solar cell or a power grid and, after a first voltage of the first capacitor exceeds a second voltage of the storage cell, to electrically connect the storage cell with the first capacitor. 1. A power supply apparatus ,configured to convert DC power from a solar cell and a storage cell into AC power, and 'a first capacitor disposed between the solar cell and the storage cell; and', 'comprisinga controller configured to charge the first capacitor with the power from the solar cell or a power grid and, after a first voltage of the first capacitor exceeds a second voltage of the storage cell, to electrically connect the storage cell with the first capacitor.2. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1 ,further comprising a first relay disposed between the first capacitor and the storage cell, and configured to open or close an electric path between the first capacitor and the storage cell,wherein the controller, if the first voltage exceeds the second voltage, closes the first relay.3. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2 ,further comprising a second capacitor disposed between the first relay and the first capacitor,wherein the controller charges the second capacitor with the power from the solar cell or the power grid and, if a third voltage of the second capacitor becomes equal to the second voltage, closes the first relay.4. The power supply apparatus according to claim 3 ,further comprising a second relay and a resistor that are connected in series with each other and are connected in parallel with the first relay, disposed between the storage cell and ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING CONSTANT POWER GENERATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

Disclosed is an apparatus including: a photovoltaic panel; a CPG controller configured to receive a limit output power value of a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic panel terminal voltage, and a photovoltaic panel output current and output a photovoltaic panel terminal voltage reference; a direct current (DC)-voltage controller configured to receive the photovoltaic panel terminal voltage reference and the photovoltaic panel terminal voltage and output a duty ratio to cause an error between these values to become zero; a pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal generator configured to receive the duty ratio and output a PWM signal to control a DC/DC converter connected to the photovoltaic panel; the DC/DC converter configured to receive the PWM signals and perform CPG control; and a DC/AC inverter connected to the DC/DC converter and configured to convert DC power into AC power and output the AC power to an electrical grid. 1. An apparatus for constant power generation (CPG) control of a photovoltaic system , the apparatus comprising:a photovoltaic panel;{'sub': limit', 'pv', 'pv', 'pv, 'a CPG controller configured to receive a limit output power value Pof a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic panel terminal voltage v, and a photovoltaic panel output current iand output a photovoltaic panel terminal voltage reference v*;'}{'sub': pv', 'pv, 'a direct current (DC)-voltage controller configured to receive the photovoltaic panel terminal voltage reference v* and the photovoltaic panel terminal voltage vand output a duty ratio D to cause an error between the values to become zero;'}a pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal generator configured to receive the duty ratio D and output a PWM signal to control a DC/DC converter connected to the photovoltaic panel;the DC/DC converter configured to receive the PWM signal and perform constant power generation control; anda DC/alternating current (AC) inverter connected to the DC/DC converter and configured to convert DC ...

CIRCUIT FOR INTERCONNECTED DIRECT CURRENT POWER SOURCES

Controlling a power converter circuit for a direct current (DC) power source is disclosed. The power converter may be operative to convert input power received from the DC power source to an output power and to perform maximum power point tracking of the power source. The power converter is adapted to provide the output power to a load that also performs maximum power point tracking. 1. An apparatus comprising:a power converter having input terminals and output terminals and being operative to convert input power received from a direct current power source at said input terminals to an output power at said output terminals;an input sensor coupled to the input terminals and configured to sense an input parameter which includes input current, input voltage or the input power; anda control circuit coupled to the input terminals and configured to maximize said input power to about at maximum power point at said input terminals based on the input parameter, wherein, for at least a time interval, the control circuit is configured to set input power or output power to measurably less than the maximum power point and after said time interval, the control circuit is configured to set input power or output power to about equal to the maximum power point to enable an external maximum power point tracking circuit to track the output power.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a control frequency of the control circuit is less than a control frequency of the external maximum power point tracking circuit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said control circuit is operable to vary conversion ratios between said input terminals and said output terminals to set the output power to measurably less than the maximum power point.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising an output sensor coupled to the output terminals claim 3 , the output sensor configured to sense an output parameter including an output current claim 3 , output voltage or the output power claim 3 , and based ...

SWITCHED CAPACITOR DC-DC CONVERTER BASED DISTRIBUTED MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING OF PARTIALLY SHADED PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAYS

A method and system for implementing DMPP tracking of partially shaded/uniformly illuminated photovoltaic arrays using switched capacitor DC-DC converter is disclosed. Here, a dedicated SC converter is connected across each PV cell or PV module made of series connected PV cells wherein series connected modules make a PV string and parallel connected PV strings make up a PV array. This SC converter injects an equalization current across the PV module or PV cell so that the total current in the parallel combination of the PV module or PV cell and the corresponding SC converter is the same as the PV string current. In another implementation of DMPP tracking using SC converters, a dedicated SC converter is connected across each isolated PV module to perform MPP tracking of the respective PV module. Then all MPP tracking SC converter outputs are diode ORed to the common load. 1. A method for implementing Distributed Maximum Power Point (DMPP) tracking schemes for a Photo Voltaic (PV) array , wherein the method uses Switched Capacitor (SC) DC (Direct Current) −DC (Direct Current) converters.2. The method claim 1 , as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises of connecting a dedicated SC converter across each PV module of a PV string claim 1 , wherein the PV array comprises of a plurality of PV strings connected in parallel claim 1 , the PV strings comprise of series connected PV modules and the PV module comprises of a plurality of PV cells connected in series.3. The method claim 2 , as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the dedicated SC converter injects an equalization current across each PV module claim 2 , wherein total current flowing through a parallel combination of each PV module and the corresponding dedicated SC converter is equal to maximum current that can be currently produced by the PV string.4. The method claim 2 , as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the dedicated SC converter maintains the voltage across each PV module to be Maximum Power Point (MPP) ...

Boost Converter and Controller for Increasing Voltage Received from Wireless Power Transmission Waves

An exemplary method of receiving wireless power from a wireless power transmitter includes, at a wireless power receiver having a controller, an antenna, a rectifier coupled with the antenna, and a boost converter coupled with the rectifier: (i) rectifying, by the rectifier, energy from wireless power transmission waves received by the antenna into a first voltage, (ii) increasing, by the boost converter, the first voltage to a second voltage based on instructions from the controller, and (iii) controlling, by the controller, an amount of increase in voltage from the first voltage to the second voltage based on a comparison. 1. A wireless power receiver comprising:a controller;a rectifier coupled to an antenna of the wireless power receiver, the rectifier being configured to rectify energy from wireless power transmission waves received by the antenna into a first voltage;a boost converter coupled to the rectifier, the boost converter being configured to increase the first voltage to a second voltage based on instructions from the controller; andthe controller configured to control an amount of increase in voltage from the first voltage to the second voltage based on a comparison.2. The wireless power receiver of claim 1 , wherein the comparison involves comparing the first voltage with a reference voltage generated by the controller.3. The wireless power receiver of claim 1 , wherein:the wireless power receiver is coupled with an electronic device; andthe amount of increase in voltage from the first voltage to the second voltage is controlled by the controller based also at least in part on a power level required by the electronic device.4. The wireless power receiver of claim 3 , wherein the electronic device houses the wireless power receiver.5. The wireless power receiver of claim 1 , wherein the antenna receives the wireless power transmission waves from a remote wireless power transmitter.6. The wireless power receiver of claim 1 , wherein the wireless power ...

Circuit for Interconnected Direct Current Power Sources

Controlling a power converter circuit for a direct current (DC) power source is disclosed. The power converter may be operative to convert input power received from the DC power source to an output power and to perform maximum power point tracking of the power source. The power converter is adapted to provide the output power to a load that also performs maximum power point tracking. 1. An apparatus comprising:a power converter having input terminals and output terminals and being configured to convert input power received from a direct current power source at the input terminals to an output power at the output terminals;at least one input sensor coupled to the input terminals and configured to sense an input parameter which includes an input current, an input voltage, or the input power; anda control circuit configured to maximize the input power to a maximum power point at the input terminals based on the input parameter, wherein, for at least a time interval, the control circuit is configured to maintain the input power at the maximum power point and to set the output power of the power converter to measurably less than the maximum power point, and after the time interval, the control circuit is configured to set the output power equal to the maximum power point to enable an external maximum power point tracking circuit to track the output power.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a control frequency of the control circuit is less than a control frequency of tracking the output power by the external maximum power point tracking circuit that is configured to track the output power.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is configured to vary a conversion ratio between the input terminals and the output terminals to maintain the input power at the maximum power point and to set the output power to measurably less than the maximum power point.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising at least one output sensor coupled to the output ...

THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

A device for powering electronic devices comprises a thermoelectric generator (TEG) applied over a temperature gradient. A combination of feed forward and feed back control of the TEG unit allows for continued operation that is robust to reversal of the temperature gradient, for example over the duration of a diurnal cycle. 1. A device for powering electronic devices comprising:a thermoelectric generator unit comprising thermoelectric couples, the couples for connection across a temperature gradient brought about by different thermal properties of dissimilar materials;the device configured with feed forward control of said thermoelectric generator unit and feed back control of said thermoelectric generator unit.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the feed forward control is based on a steady state model.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein said feed forward and feedback control is configured to govern a current voltage characteristic of said array during a course of power generation.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an energy storage unit configured to accumulate energy claim 1 , thereby to allow powering of devices requiring short bursts of high power.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said at least one unit comprises a plurality of thermoelectric generator elements claim 1 , each element comprising a thermoelectric couple claim 1 , said elements not being individually switchable.6. The device of claim 3 , wherein said controller is configured to correct for variations in internal resistance in said generator and provide impedance matching for a load.7. The device of claim 1 , connected between two bodies of different material claim 1 , said feedforward and feedback combining to provide generation over both halves of a diurnal cycle.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said feed forward control is based on a static model and said feed back control corrects for errors in said static model based on system dynamics.9. The device of when fitted between two ...

Systems And Methods For Controlling Maximum Power Point Tracking Controllers

A method for testing a photovoltaic device electrically coupled to an input port of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, where the MPPT controller includes a switching circuit adapted to transfer power between the input port and an output port of the MPPT controller, includes the steps of: (a) driving a test current into the output port of the MPPT controller; (b) detecting presence of the test current; and (c) in response to detecting presence of the test current, causing the switching circuit to provide a path for the test current from the output port to the photovoltaic device.

PHOTONIC HARVESTING STRING CONFIGURATION

One embodiment provides a method, including: receiving photovoltaic output from a solar module, the solar module comprising a plurality of solar panels electronically connected together by a plurality of strings, wherein the photovoltaic output corresponding to any given one of the strings is limited by the lowest performing solar panel in said given one of the strings; determining a reflection profile for the solar module, wherein the reflection profile describes an illumination pattern of light incident onto the solar module; and increasing, based upon the determined reflection profile, the photovoltaic output of the solar module to match a requested photovoltaic output, wherein the increasing comprises electrically reassigning one or more solar panels within the solar module from one string to a different string, such that each string electrically ties together solar panels that produce a photovoltaic output within a predetermined range of each other. 1. A method , comprising:utilizing at least one processor to execute computer code that performs the steps of:receiving photovoltaic output from a solar module, the solar module comprising a plurality of solar panels electronically connected together by a plurality of strings, wherein each of the plurality of solar panels is assigned to only one of the plurality of strings, and wherein the photovoltaic output corresponding to any given one of the strings is limited by the lowest performing solar panel in said given one of the strings;determining a reflection profile for the solar module, wherein the reflection profile describes an illumination pattern of light incident onto the solar module; andincreasing, based upon the determined reflection profile, the photovoltaic output of the solar module to match a requested photovoltaic output, wherein the increasing comprises electrically reassigning one or more solar panels within the solar module from one string to a different string, such that each string electrically ...

Power controller

A plurality of DC/DC converters is provided for each group of solar panels and is configured to convert an output power of the solar panels. A charger includes an input to which outputs of the plurality of DC/DC converters are connected and is configured to convert an input voltage with maintaining the input voltage to a lower limit voltage during charging. The control device controls each of the plurality of DC/DC converters independently. Each of the plurality of control devices is configured to control so as to gradually increase the output voltage of the DC/DC converter from the lower limit voltage, measure the output power of the solar panel each time the output voltage is increased, and search for the output voltage where the measured output power is maximum and maintain that output voltage.

CONTROL METHOD FOR IMPROVING CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF A MULTI-CHANNEL MPPT INVERTER

The present disclosure provides a control method for improving conversion efficiency of a multi-channel MPPT input inverter, which implements high efficient operation of the inverter. 1. A control method for improving conversion efficiency of a multi-channel Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) inverter , comprising:{'sub': PVm', 'PVvm', 'bus', 'PVm', 'PV, 'collecting an input voltage vof a photovoltaic panel in each channel, an input current iof the photovoltaic panel in each channel and a direct-current bus voltage v, obtaining an input power P, of the photovoltaic panel in each channel, and using input voltages of at least two channels to obtain a voltage difference Δv, wherein m=1, 2, . . . , M, and M is a number of input channels of the photovoltaic inverter MPPT;'}{'sub': PV', 'PVm', 'bus, 'comparing the voltage difference Δvwith a preset on-off control judging threshold to obtain a start state and a stop state of a boost circuit in each channel, a voltage reference signal v* in each channel and a direct-current bus voltage reference signal v*, wherein the boost start state and the stop state is determined by{'sub': PV', 'THb', 'PV', '_', 'max', 'THb', 'PVm', 'PVm', 'bus', 'PV', '_', 'max, 'when |Δv|≥V, turning off a boost circuit in a channel corresponding to a maximum input voltage v, activating the boost circuits in remaining channels, wherein Vis a boost on-off control judging threshold 1, and maximizing the input power Pby an MPPT module in each channel to obtain the voltage reference signal v* in each channel, the direct-current bus voltage reference signal v* using a maximum voltage reference signal v;*'}{'sub': THb', 'PV', 'THs', 'THs', 'THs', 'THb', 'PVm', 'PVm', 'bus', 'PV', '_', 'max, 'when V≥|Δv|≥V, activating all boost circuits, wherein Vis a boost on-off control judging threshold 2, wherein V Подробнее

MULTI-INPUT PV INVERTER WITH INDEPENDENT MPPT AND MINIMUM ENERGY STORAGE

Systems, methods, and devices relating to the use of multiple DC power generation sources with DC/DC converters to thereby provide AC power suitable for provision to a power grid. Multiple DC power generation sources are each coupled to an input stage with a DC/DC converter. All the DC/DC converters in the multiple input stages are controlled by a single digital controller. Within the single digital controller are controller sub-blocks, each of which generates control signals for a specific DC/DC converter. Each controller sub-block provides multiple functions for improving the performance of the system as a whole. 2. A system according to wherein said multiple input stages comprises at least two input stages.3. A system according to wherein each of said multiple input stages comprises a DC/DC converter receiving input from a specific DC power generation source claim 1 , each of said multiple input stages being coupled with said energy storage and combiner block.5. A system according to wherein each DC/DC converter is controlled by said digital controller block using a controller sub-block which generates control signals for said DC/DC converter.7. A system according to wherein said frequency control module comprises:a first calculation block receiving said power signal from said MPPT module and a bus voltage, said first calculation block producing a quality factor signal;a second calculation block receiving said bus voltage and said voltage data to produce a gain signal; said quality factor signal,', 'said gain signal, and', 'said duty cycle signal,', 'said look-up table block producing said optimum frequency signal and said optimum duty cycle signal., 'a look-up table block receiving'}8. A system according to wherein said frequency control module comprises:a first calculation block receiving said power signal from said MPPT module and a bus voltage, said first calculation block producing a quality factor signal;a second calculation block receiving said bus voltage ...

DC INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND DFIG WIND TURBINE GENERATION WITH ELECTRIC STORAGE

A power generation and storage system is provided that supplies power to a power grid. The system includes a wind turbine, a doubly-fed induction generator coupled to the wind turbine, and one or more DC energy sources. A controller determines power requirements for the power grid and controls the operation of the wind turbine and the DC energy sources to meet the power requirements of the power grid. 1. A power generation and storage system comprising:a wind turbine;a doubly-fed induction generator connected to the wind turbine and to a power grid;one or more DC energy sources coupled to the doubly-fed induction generator and to the power grid;a programmable AC-DC converter having an input connected to a rotor of the doubly-fed induction generator and an output connected to the one or more DC energy sources and to the power grid; anda controller that programs the output of the programmable AC-DC converter to produce a variable DC output voltage at a DC junction,wherein power distributed to the power grid from the doubly-fed induction generator and the one or more DC energy sources is proportioned based on at least the variable DC output voltage at the DC junction.2. The power generation and storage system of claim 1 , wherein the one of more DC energy sources includes a DC energy storage source claim 1 , and wherein the proportioned power distributed to the power grid is further determined by at least a state of charge of the DC energy storage source.3. The power generation and storage system of claim 2 , wherein the DC energy storage source discharges to supply power to the power grid when the state of charge of the DC energy storage source is greater than the DC voltage at the DC junction.4. The power generation and storage system of claim 2 , wherein the DC energy storage source charges when the state of charge of the DC energy storage source is less than the DC voltage at the DC junction.5. The power generation system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more DC ...

Photovoltaic Device

The invention relates to a tandem PV cell group () having two PV cells () of different cell types. A separate power electronic unit () is assigned to each of the PV cells in such a manner that a voltage generated in the particular PV cell or the corresponding power yield can be supplied to the assigned power electronic unit. The power electronic units can be operated independently of one another with the aid of a control device () in such a manner that each PV subsystem having one of the PV cells in each case and the power electronic unit assigned to the particular PV cell operates at the optimum operating point thereof. For this purpose, the control device can operate in such a manner that, during operation of the power electronic unit of each PV subsystem, a product of the power yield and the cell voltage of the PV cell assigned to the particular power electronic unit is at a maximum. 1. A photovoltaic (PV) device comprising:a multi-PV cell group including at least one first PV cell of a first cell type and one second PV cell of a second cell type, wherein the first cell type and the second cell type differ from one another, and wherein each PV cell of the one first PV cell and the one second PV cell is configured to provide an electric cell voltage under light incidence on the respective PV cell;power electronics including a separate first power electronics unit that is assigned to the one first PV cell and a separate second power electronics unit that is assigned to the one second PV cell, wherein the electric cell voltage generated in the respective PV cell and a corresponding current yield are feedable to a separate power electronics unit of the separate first power electronics unit and the separate second power electronics unit assigned to the respective PV cell; anda controller configured to control the power electronics,wherein the separate first power electronics unit and the separate second power electronics unit are operable independently of one another ...

Power convertor, power generation system, and power generation control method

According to one embodiment, a power convertor includes a buck-boost circuit to be applied with an input voltage to convert the input voltage into an output voltage for output, the input voltage being generated by a power generation module that generates direct-current power; a switching controller that executes maximum power-point tracking to control power conversion of the buck-boost circuit such that the power generation module generates maximum direct-current power; and a mode controller that causes the switching controller to execute the maximum power-point tracking when an input current from the power generation module is larger than a preset current threshold, and when the input current is equal to or less than the current threshold, causes the switching controller to stop the maximum power-point tracking, and cause the buck-boost circuit to output the input voltage as the output voltage without the power conversion.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FOR MULTI-INPUT POWER CONVERTER

A method and apparatus for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In one embodiment, the method comprises (i) modulating an operating voltage of a first DC source by a first perturbation function to generate a first output power; (ii) modulating an operating voltage of a second DC source by a second perturbation function to generate a second output power, wherein the first and the second perturbation functions are synchronized with one another and out of phase with one another; (iii) comparing the first and the second output powers; and (iv) adjusting MPPT set points for both the first and the second DC sources in the same direction based on a result of comparing the first and the second output powers. 1. A method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) , comprising:modulating an operating voltage of a first DC source by a first perturbation function to generate a first output power;modulating an operating voltage of a second DC source by a second perturbation function to generate a second output power, wherein the first and the second perturbation functions are synchronized with one another and out of phase with one another;comparing the first and the second output powers; andadjusting MPPT set points for both the first and the second DC sources in the same direction based on a result of comparing the first and the second output powers.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein first and second perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT techniques are employed for independently driving the first and the second DC sources claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , toward their respective maximum power points.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second DC sources are coupled to a single power converter.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the power converter is a DC-AC inverter.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the DC-AC inverter generates a single-phase AC output.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first perturbation function is an AC voltage ripple across the first DC source.7. ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A CHARGING PARK HAVING A PLURALITY OF CHARGING POINTS

A method and corresponding system for providing a charging park having a plurality of charging points, in which all of the charging points are connected to a medium-voltage grid by a common transformer with overloading capability. A power electronics system is provided at each charging point, which power electronics system is designed to perform a quick-charging operation of a connected electrically driven vehicle that is to be charged, and a power drawn from the medium-voltage grid jointly by the charging points at a respective time is monitored centrally and/or decentrally and continuously at a grid contact point connected upstream of the transformer in the direction of the medium-voltage grid. An average power drawn from the medium-voltage grid jointly by the charging points is in each case adjusted over a prescribed time interval. 1. A method for providing a charging park having a plurality of charging points , in which all of the charging points are connected to a medium-voltage grid by a common transformer with overloading capability , a power electronics system is connected at each charging point , which power electronics system is configured to perform a quick-charging operation of a connected electrically driven vehicle that is to be charged , the method comprising:centrally or decentrally and continuously monitoring a power drawn from the medium-voltage grid jointly by the charging points at a respective time at a grid contact point connected, upstream of the common transformer in a direction of the medium-voltage grid, andadjusting an average power drawn from the medium-voltage grid jointly by the charging points, in each case, over a prescribed time interval.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising selecting a billing interval of a grid operator of the medium-voltage grid as the prescribed time interval.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising adjusting the average power drawn from the medium-voltage grid jointly by the ...

PORTABLE GREEN POWER DEVICE

A portable green power device includes an energy storage module, a manpower generating module, a control unit and an AC charging module. The energy storage module has input terminals, output terminals and a DC charging port. The output terminal is connected to an additional energy storage module in parallel and/or an external device. The energy storage module is electrically connected in parallel to expand power storage capacity, and the expansion still enable charging and discharging synchronously with voltage levels balanced dynamically. The manpower generating module utilizes relative movement between a magnetic components and an induction coil to generate energy. The control unit tracks and collects the power generated by the manpower generating module with the maximum power point tracking circuit and then transfers the power to the energy storage module. The AC charging module transforms AC power to DC power and transfers the DC power to the energy storage module. 1. A portable green power device , comprising:an energy storage module having input terminals, output terminals and a DC charging port, the input terminals and the output terminals being a plurality of positive terminals and a plurality of negative terminals, the output terminals being adapted to connect to at least one additional energy storage module electrically connected in parallel and/or external devices, a main board of the energy storage module comprising a protection circuit and a parallel dynamic self-balancing management circuit, the energy storage module being adapted to electrically connect in parallel to expand power storage capacity, so as synchronously to charge and discharge with voltage levels balanced dynamically;a manpower generating module electrically connected to the input terminals of the energy storage module, the manpower generating module comprising magnetic components and an induction coil, and the induction coil being movably disposed on the said magnetic components, the ...

Driver circuitry and associated methods

A method for using driver circuitry to drive a load having an unknown impedance magnitude includes (a) in a configuration mode of the driver circuitry, determining a required power supply voltage for a driver stage to drive the load, and (b) in a driving mode of the driver circuitry, (1) driving the load via the driver stage in response to an input signal, and (2) controlling a power supply to provide the required power supply voltage to the driver stage as a static voltage, while driving the load via the driver stage in response to the input signal.

Photovoltaic power generation control method and photovoltaic power generation system

Embodiments of this application disclose a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system and a photovoltaic power generation system, to reduce a photovoltaic energy loss. The method includes: presetting, by the photovoltaic power generation system, an upper limit value for each converter in the photovoltaic power generation system, where the upper limit value is a maximum voltage value of an output voltage to ground of the converter, and the output voltage to ground is a voltage difference between a positive output end of the converter and a ground point of the photovoltaic power generation system; and limiting, by the photovoltaic power generation system, an output voltage to ground of a target converter based on an upper limit value corresponding to the target converter, where the target converter may be any converter in the photovoltaic power generation system.