Ferroelectric cathodes for crts

A cathode, an electron gun, and a cathode ray tube include a ferroelectric electron source. The cathode includes a substrate; a lower electrode layer on the substrate; a cathode layer, on the lower electrode layer, the cathode layer including a ferroelectric emitter; an upper electrode layer, on the ferroelectric cathode layer, the upper electrode layer having electron emitting regions comprising a plurality of electron emission holes for passing electrons emitted from the ferroelectric emitter; and a driving electrode layer, supported by the upper electrode layer, for controlling passage of electrons through the electron emitting regions in the upper electrode layer and the driving electrode layer.

USE OF A COLD CATHODE IN GLOW LAMPS, GLOW LAMP WITH THIS COLD CATHODE AND MODE OF OPERATION FOR THIS GLOW LAMP

Electron emissive ferroelectric cathode for an electron tube, flat display screen or particle accelerator has supplementary ferroelectric, anti-ferroelectric or dielectric layer covering electrode portion edges

An electron emissive cathode body (1) has a supplementary ferroelectric, anti-ferroelectric or dielectric layer (8) covering electrode portion edges (6). An electron emissive cathode body (1) comprises a main ferroelectric layer (2) of ferroelectric or anti-ferroelectric material and electrodes (3, 4) which generate a variable electric field for exciting the ferroelectric layer, one of the electrodes partially covering the emissive side surface of the layer to form electrode portions (4) and free zones (5) through which electrons are emitted. Each electrode portion edge (6), between an electrode portion (4) and a free zone (5), is covered with a supplementary layer (8) based on a ferroelectric, anti-ferroelectric or dielectric material, to avoid electrode edge effects and to increase emission output.

BODY OF CATHODE FOR the EMISSION Of ELECTRONS

COLD CATHODE FOR DISCHARGE LAMPS, DISCHARGE LAMP FITTED WITH SAID COLD CATHODE, AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF SAID DISCHARGE LAMP

Disclosed is a cold cathode (1) for use in discharge lamps, including in discharge lamps (6) operating with a dielectrically hindered discharge, comprising two electroconducive electrodes facing each other, between which a ferro-electric material is sandwiched. At least one of the electrodes presents one or more openings. When the cathode is operating, a voltage of quickly alternating polarity is applied to both electrodes, thereby freeing electrons on the surface of the ferro-electric material. The working voltage of the discharge lamp causes an acceleration of said electrons, which pass through the openings towards the anode (8) and are used for igniting the discharge lamp and keeping it in operating mode.

X-ray catheter

BODY OF CATHODE FERROELECTRIQUE FOR the PRODUCTION Of ELECTRONS

HIGH ENERGY CRYSTAL GENERATORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Ferroelectric, pvroelectric and piezoelectric crystals (12) are used to generate spatially localized high energy (up to and exceeding 100 keV) electron and ion beams, which may be used in a wide variety of applications including pulsed neutron generation, therapeutic X-ray/electron devices, elemental analysis, local scanning chemical analysis, high energy scanning microscopy, point source compact transmission electron microscopy, compact ion beam sources, positron sources, micro-thrusters for ion engines, and improved fusion efficiency especially of the Farnsworth type. The high-energy emission can be created by simply heating (16) the material (12) or by application of external coercive electromagnetic and acoustic fields.

DISPLAY UNIT

A PED comprising signal wirings (18a, 18b) and scanning wirings (18c, 18d) formed in a matrix form on the inner surface (4a) of a rear-surface substrate, and a PZT film (24) formed as an electron emission member corresponding to respective intersections. The PZT film (24) emits an electron beam having a sectional shape depending on the shape of a voltage applied between element electrodes (21, 22) connected with wiring.

Flat panel ferroelectric electron emission display system

A device which can produce a bright, raster scanned or non-raster scanned image from a flat panel. Unlike many flat panel technologies, this device does not require ambient light or auxiliary illumination for viewing the image. Rather, this device relies on electrons emitted from a ferroelectric emitter impinging on a phosphor. This device takes advantage of a new electron emitter technology which emits electrons with significant kinetic energy and beam current density.

Dielectric device

A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter (10A) to which the dielectric device of the present invention is applied includes an emitter (12) formed by a dielectric, and an upper electrode (14) and a lower electrode (16) to which a drive voltage is applied for the purpose of electron emission. The emitter includes an upper layer (12c) formed from plural dielectric particles (12e), and a lower layer (12d) formed from plural dielectric particles, below the upper layer. The upper layer and/or lower layer are formed by aerosol deposition.

Dielectric device

A higher performance dielectric device is provided. An electron emitter (10A) applying the dielectric device according to the present invention includes an emitter formed of a dielectric (12), and an upper electrode (14) and a lower electrode (16) to which a drive voltage is applied to cause electron emission. The emitter includes plural dielectric particles (12e), and plural dielectric particles of smaller particle size (12f) which are filled in spaces between the plural dielectric particles. The emitter having the aforesaid construction is formed by an aerosol deposition method or a sol impregnation method.

Cold cathode for discharge lamps, discharge lamp fitted with said cold cathode, and principle of operation thereof

放电灯的,尤其是借助一种介电阻挡放电运行的放电灯(6)的冷阴极(1),具有两个导电的、相互面对着的电极,在这两个电极之间,夹层式地设置有一个铁电体,至少电极之一具有一个或多个开孔。在运行时,在两个电极上施加一个具有快速变换极性的电压。通过这种方法,在铁电体的表面释放出电子,这些电子在放电灯的运行电压作用下,穿过开孔向着灯的阳极(8)被加速,并且于起动及维持灯(6)的放电。

КАТОД, ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ ПУШКА И ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ЛУЧЕВАЯ ТРУБКА, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩАЯ СЕГНЕТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ЭМИТТЕР

FIELD: electronic engineering. SUBSTANCE: electron gun has substrate, electrode lower layer formed on substrate, cathode layer formed on lower layer of electrode using ferroelectric emitter, upper layer of electrode formed on ferroelectric layer of cathode that has regions capable of emitting electrons from this surface, and electrode exciting layer formed on upper layer of substrate and designed to control electron emission from electron emission region of electrode upper layer. EFFECT: reduced cost and facilitated manufacture of cathode. 9 cl, 10 dwg

Cathode body, electron gun, and cathode ray tube employing a ferroelectric emitter

Cathode body, electron gun, and cathode ray tube employing a ferroelectric emitter

FERROELECTRIC ELECTRON BEAM SOURCE AND METHOD FOR GENERATING ELECTRON BEAMS

A comb-shaped electrode is formed on the main surface of a ferroelectric thin film and a planer electrode is formed on the rear surface of a ferroelectric thin film. Then, the property of the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film is converted into semi-conduction. Then, the assembly comprised of the ferroelectric thin film, the comb-shaped electrode and the planer electrode is disposed in a given atmosphere. Under the circumstance, a negative voltage is applied to the comb-shaped electrode to polarize the ferroelectric thin film, and a negative impulse voltage is applied to the planer electrode, thereby generating electron beams from the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film.

Processes and apparatuses for the rapid production of large changes in polarisation in ferroelectric materials

BODY OF CATHODE, ELECTRONIC GUN, AND CATHODE-RAY TUBE, USING A TRANSMITTER FERROELECTRIQUE

Multi-radiation source-ferroelectric-based source of plurality of radiation types

The present invention provides a source of plurality of radiation types using a single source that is made of ferroelectric material in the form of a cathode. The generated radiation types consist of ion and electron beams, X-ray, visible light and ultraviolet radiation. These types allow testing the surface and bulk of the same medium while placed in the same location and are providing confirmation and independent measurements of the material properties. The cathode is made with a continuous electrode on one side and a grid shape electrode on the other. This cathode is supported with fixtures that are used to produce various radiation types. Also, control elements are used to define the shape and directivity of the emitted beam. The present invention eliminates the need for plurality of instruments for obtaining required properties of test materials covering both the surface and the bulk of the test medium. The disclosed source emits multiple types of charged particles and radiation using ...

DISPLAY UNIT

A PED is constituted by arranging signal lines (18a, 18b) and scanning lines (18c, 18d), in the form of a matrix, on the inner surface (4a) of a rear substrate and by forming PZT films (24), which are used as electron-emitting members, at the intersections of the signal lines and the scanning lines. When a voltage is applied between element electrodes (21, 22) connected to the lines, each PZT film (24) emits an electron beam having a cross-section shape that depends on the shape of the PZT film (24).

ELECTRON EMITTING ELEMENT

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dielectric device with higher performance. SOLUTION: An electron emitting element 10A to which the dielectric device of this invention is applied comprises: an emitter section 12 formed of a dielectric; and an upper electrode 14 and a lower electrode 16 to which a driving voltage Va for electron emission is applied. The emitter section 12 is formed by an aerosol deposition method or a sol impregnation method, and the surface roughness of its surface 12a is set to 0.1 to 3 in Ra. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI ...

Procédés et appareils pour engendrer rapidement de forts changements de polarisation dans des matériaux ferro-électriques

Des changements rapides de polarisation dans des temps inférieurs à 1 mus peuvent être provoqués dans des matériaux ferro-électriques par l'application d'impulsions haute tension rapides ou par des franchissements rapides des limites de phases entre les phases ferro-électrique et antiferro-électrique, ou ferro-électrique et paraélectrique. De rapides transitions de phases sont produites par des impulsions haute tension rapides, par des impulsions de pressions mécaniques, par un chauffage rapide, ou par des impulsions de rayonnements électromagnétiques. Le changement rapide de polarisation vise à produire de hautes densités de charges superficielles et des champs électriques élevés. Les revendications concernent des procédés et des appareils qui utilisent les charges superficielles rapidement créées et leur champ électrique correspondant. Les applications revendiquées sont : la production et l'accélération de faisceaux de particules; le remplacement de photocathodes par des matériaux ferro-électriques ...

Light source

A light source has a rear glass substrate and a front glass substrate having a plate surface disposed in facing relation to a principal surface of the rear glass substrate. The plate surface of the front glass substrate is coated with a phosphor. A two-dimensional array of electron emitters is disposed on the principal surface of the rear glass substrate. A space defined between the rear glass substrate and the front glass substrate is filled with a gas. The gas may be an Hg (mercury) gas or an Xe (xenon) gas.

Cathode body, electron gun, and cathode ray tube employing a ferroelectric emitter

A cathode, an electron gun, and a cathode ray tube include a ferroelectric electron source. The cathode includes a substrate; a lower electrode layer on the substrate; a cathode layer, on the lower electrode layer, the cathode layer including a ferroelectric emitter; an upper electrode layer, on the ferroelectric cathode layer, the upper electrode layer having electron emitting regions comprising a plurality of electron emission holes for passing electrons emitted from the ferroelectric emitter; and a driving electrode layer, supported by the upper electrode layer, for controlling passage of electrons through the electron emitting regions in the upper electrode layer and the driving electrode layer.

Cathode for producing intense, modulated, one- or multichannel electron beams

ELECTRON-EMITTING ELEMENT

【課題】 電子放出のために消費する電力がより小さい電子放出素子を提供すること 【解決手段】 電子放出素子１０は、下部電極１２と、誘電体からなるエミッタ部１３と、エミッタ部１３を挟んで下部電極１２に対向するようにエミッタ部１３の上部に形成された上部電極１４と、を備える。上部電極１４には、微細貫通孔１４ｃが複数形成されている。上部電極１４は、微細貫通孔１４ｃの近傍領域における上部電極１４の下面とエミッタ部１３の上面との距離（ギャップ距離）ｔ１が、微細貫通孔１４ｃに依らず略一定となるようにエミッタ部１３の上部に配置・構成されている。 【選択図】 図１

Electron emissive ferroelectric cathode for an electron tube, flat display screen or particle accelerator has electrodes positioned to provide a main electric field line component parallel to the electron emissive surface

L'invention concerne un corps (1) de cathode ferroélectrique pour l'émission d'électrons du type comprenant au moins une couche (2) émettrice d'électrons constituée d'au moins un matériau ferroélectrique ou antiferroélectrique et au moins deux électrodes (3, 4) alimentées de manière à générer un champ électrique variable pour exciter la couche (2) émettrice. Ce corps est caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (3, 4) écartées l'une de l'autre sont positionnées dans ou sur la couche (2) ferroélectrique de sorte que la composante principale des lignes du champ électrique généré par lesdites électrodes (3, 4) s'étend sensiblement parallèlement à la surface émettrice (5) d'électrons de la couche (2) en matériau ferroélectrique ou antiferroélectrique. Application : écran plat - canon à électrons.

Kathode zur Erzeugung von intensiven, modulierten Ein- oder Mehrkanal-Elektronenstrahlen.

Ferroelectric emitter

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR RAPIDLY GENERATING STRONG POLARIZATION CHANGES IN FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS

Ferroelectric flat panel displays

A thin film of ferroelectric layered superlattice material in a flat panel display device is energized to selectively influence the display image. In one embodiment, a voltage pulse causes the layered superlattice material to emit electrons that impinge upon a phosphor, causing the phosphor to emit light. In another embodiment, an electric potential creates a remanent polarization in the layered superlattice material, which exerts an electric field in liquid crystal layer, thereby influencing the transmissivity of light through the liquid crystal. The layered superlattice material is a metal oxide formed using an inventive liquid precursor containing an alkoxycarboxylate. The thin film thickness is preferably in the range 50-140 nm, so that polarizabilty and transparency of the thin film is enhanced. A display element may comprise a varistor device to prevent cross-talk between pixels and to enable sudden polarization switching. A functional gradient in the ferroelectric thin film enhances ...

Electron emitter

Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter of high durability exhibiting suppressed reduction in electron emission quantity, which reduction would otherwise occur with repeated use of the electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a substrate, a lower electrode, an emitter layer, and an upper electrode. The upper electrode has a plurality of openings, and an emitter section located on the top surface of the emitter layer is exposed through the openings to a reduced-pressure atmosphere. The electron emitter is configured so that when a pulse drive voltage Va is applied between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, electrons are accumulated on the emitter section, and then the electrons are emitted toward the reduced-pressure atmosphere. The emitter layer contains a primary component (i.e., a ferroelectric composition) and an additional component. The additional component contains a transition metal oxide of high oxidation number which can serve as an oxidizing agent by being converted into an oxide of the transition metal of lower oxidation number.

ELECTRON PULSE EMITTING DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE

PURPOSE: To obtain pulsatively high electron emitting current density under low operating voltage by forming a second electrode on a first electrode through a ferroelectric substance film, and opposing a third electrode to the second electrode through a space. CONSTITUTION: A first electrode 2 is formed on a silicon board 1, and a second electrode 4 is formed on the electrode 2 through a ferroelectric substance film 3. A third electrode 5 opposed to the electrode 4 through a space is formed on the electrode 4. Here, a positive pulse is impressed on the electrode 2 between the electrode 2 and the electrode 4, and since a device is composed of the electrode 2, the ferroelectric substance film 3 and the electrode 4 and charging is performed, an electron is accumulated to the electrodes 2 and 4. When a negative pulse is impressed on the electrode 2 between the electrode 2 and the electrode 4, polarization of the ferroelectric substance film 3 is reversed, and the electron is emitted toward ...

BODY OF CATHODE, ELECTRONIC GUN, AND CATHODE-RAY TUBE, USING A TRANSMITTER FERROELECTRIQUE

La présente invention concerne un corps de cathode (190), comportant: un substrat (100), une couche d'électrode inférieure (110) formée sur ledit substrat, une couche de cathode (120) formée sur ladite couche d'électrode inférieure, utilisant un émetteur ferroélectrique, une couche d'électrode supérieure (130), formée sur ladite couche de cathode ferroélectrique, ayant des zones capables d'émettre des électrons à partir de sa surface, et une couche d'électrode de commande (150), formée sur ladite couche d'électrode supérieure, pour commander l'émission des électrons depuis les zones d'émission d'électrons de ladite couche d'électrode supérieure. La présente invention concerne aussi un canon à électrons et un tube à rayons cathodiques utilisant un tel corps de cathode.

An electron emission source and an electron emission device using the same

본 발명은 카본계 물질; 수지 성분과 용매 성분으로 이루어진 비이클; 및 강유전성 분말;을 포함하는 전자 방출원 형성용 조성물과, 이로부터 형성되어 카본계 물질과 강유전성 분말을 포함하는 전자 방출원, 및 이를 채용한 전자 방출 소자를 제공한다. 본 발명의 전자 방출원 형성용 조성물은 강유전성 분말을 함유하고 있어 전계 방출에 의한 열을 흡수하여 열방출로 전환시켜 주기 때문에 전체적인 전자방출 성능이 개선되고, 탄소나노튜브의 열화속도가 지연될 수 있다. 따라서 상기 전자 방출원을 이용하면 신뢰성이 향상된 전자 방출 소자를 얻을 수 있다.

Kaltkathode für Entladungslampen, Entladungslampe mit dieser Kaltkathode und Betriebsweise für diese Entladungslampe

Disclosed is a cold cathode (1) for use in discharge lamps, including in discharge lamps (6) operating with a dielectrically hindered discharge, comprising two electroconducive electrodes facing each other, between which a ferro-electric material is sandwiched. At least one of the electrodes presents one or more openings. When the cathode is operating, a voltage of quickly alternating polarity is applied to both electrodes, thereby freeing electrons on the surface of the ferro-electric material. The working voltage of the discharge lamp causes an acceleration of said electrons, which pass through the openings towards the anode (8) and are used for igniting the discharge lamp and keeping it in operating mode.

Electron emitter

Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter which enables suppression of reduction of electron emission quantity due to repeated use thereof, and which exhibits high durability. The electron emitter includes a substrate; an emitter section formed of a dielectric material; a first electrode formed on the top surface of the emitter section; and a second electrode formed on the bottom surface of the emitter section. The dielectric material forming the emitter section contains a dielectric composition having an electric-field-induced strain (i.e., percent deformation under application of an electric field of 4 kV/mm, as measured in a direction perpendicular to the electric field) of 0.07% or less.

Electron emission source, electron emission device using the same, and composition for the same

An electron emission device includes a first plate and a second plate spaced apart and facing each other, a first electrode having an electron emission source electrically coupled thereto, the electron emission source including a carbon-based material and a ferroelectric material, a second electrode disposed adjacent to the first electrode, and a phosphor layer disposed so as to receive electrons emitted by the electron emission source.

Cathode body, electron gun, and cathode ray tube employing ferroelectric emitter

Dielectric composition and dielectric film element

Provided is a dielectric composition which, when applied to an electron emitter, enables suppression of reduction of electron emission quantity with passage of time. The dielectric composition contains, as a primary component, a PMN-PZ-PT ternary solid solution composition represented by the following formula PbxBip(Mgy/3Nb2/3)aTib-zMzZrcO3 [wherein x, p, and y satisfy the following relations: 0.85 = x = 1.05, 0.02 = p = 0.1, and 0.8 = y = 1.0; a, b, and c are decimal numbers falling within a region formed by connecting the following five points (0.550, 0.425, 0.025), (0.550, 0.150, 0.300), (0.100, 0.150, 0.750), (0.100, 0.525, 0.375), and (0.375, 0.425, 0.200); z satisfies the following relation: 0.02 = z = 0.10; and M is at least one element selected from among Nb, Ta, Mo, and W], and contains Ni in an amount of 0.05 to 2.0 wt.% as reduced to NiO.

Pulsed particle source on the basis of rapidly repolarisable ferroelectrics

Published without abstract.

Cold cathode for discharge lamps, a discharge lamp having this cold cathode, and a method for operating this discharge lamp

A cold cathode for discharge lamps, in particular for discharge lamps which are operated by means of a dielectrically impeded discharge, has two electrically conductive, mutually opposite electrodes, between which a ferroelectric is arranged in a sandwich-like fashion. At least one of the electrodes is provided with one or more openings. During operation, a voltage of rapidly reversing polarity is applied to the two electrodes. The result is to release on the surface of the ferroelectric electrons which, by means of the operating voltage of the discharge lamp, are accelerated through the openings onto the lamp anode and serve to ignite or maintain the discharge of the lamp.

KATHODE ZUR GROSSFLAECHIGEN ERZEUGUNG VON INTENSIVEN, MODULIERTEN EIN- ODER MEHRKANAL-ELEKTRONENSTRAHLEN

Ferroelectric Emitter

본 발명은 강유전체 전자 방출 에미터에 관한 것으로서 강유전층; 상기 강유전층 상부의 양 가장자리 영역에 각각 형성된 제 1 전극 및 제 2 전극; 및 상기 강유전층 상부 중앙의 상기 제 1 전극 및 제 2 전극 사이에 소정의 패턴을 가지며 형성된 마스크층;으로 이루어진 새로운 강유전체 에미터를 제공한다. 따라서, 강유전체 스위칭 에미션 리소그래피에 있어서, 마스크 패턴의 간격이 넓거나 좁은 부위에서도 전자 방출이 가능하며, 도넛 형태의 고립된 패턴에 있어서도 균일한 전자 방출이 가능하다. 또한, 초전체 전자 방출에 있어서도 리폴링이 가능하게 된다.

ELECTRON EMISSION SOURCE CAPABLE OF IMPROVING ELECTRON EMISSION PERFORMANCE BY USING FERROELECTRIC POWDER, AND ELECTRON EMISSION DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

PURPOSE: An electron emission source and an electron emission device having the same are provided to improve the electron emission performance by using an electron emission source composition containing ferroelectric powder. CONSTITUTION: An electron emission source includes carbon-based material and a ferroelectric powder(15). The ferroelectric powder is a compound consisting of at least one of Ba, Sr and Ca and TiO3. The weight ratio of ferroelectric powder and carbon-based material is 1: 10 to 20. The carbon-based material is at least one of carbon nano tube, graphite, diamond, fullerene, and silicon carbide. © KIPO 2007 ...

FERROELECTRIC EMITTER

PURPOSE: A ferroelectric emitter is provided, which enables an electron emission at a wide or narrow region of a mask pattern in a ferroelectric switching emission lithography. CONSTITUTION: The ferroelectric emitter comprises a ferroelectric layer(11) formed with a ferroelectric material and the first electrode(12a) and the second electrode(12b) formed on the first side of both edge regions of a top of ferroelectric layer and the second region respectively. Also, a mask pattern(13) is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The mask pattern is formed so that a fixed region on the top of the ferroelectric layer is revealed. The ferroelectric layer causes a polarization when applying a voltage to the first and the second electrode. The ferroelectric layer is formed so that an electric field is formed horizontally and a polarization(14) is formed obliquely when the voltage is applied to the first and the second electrode. © KIPO 2002 ...

FERROELECTRIC EMITTER

본 발명은 반도체 리소그래피(lithography) 공정에 사용되는 강유전체(ferroelectric) 다층 에미터(emitter)의 구조에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게 설명하면 본 발명은 하부 전극; 상기 하부 전극 상부 영역에 형성된 강유전체층; 상기 강유전층 상부의 양 측면을 제외한 영역에 형성된 삽입전극; 상기 강유전체층 상부의 양 측면 및 상기 삽입 전극 상부 영역에 형성된 유전층; 및 상기 유전체층의 패턴 형성 부분을 제외한 영역에 형성된 더미 전극;으로 이루어진 새로운 강유전체 에미터(emitter)의 구조 및 작동 방법을 제공한다. 이에 따르면, 강유전체 스위칭(switching) 에미션 리소그래피에 있어 마스크 패턴(mask pattern)의 간격이 넓거나 좁은 부위에서도 전자 방출이 가능하도록 하면서 도넛(donut) 형태의 고립된 패턴도 균일한 전자 방출이 가능하다.

HIGH ENERGY CRYSTAL GENERATORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric crystals are used to generate spatially localized high energy (up to and exceeding 100 keV) electron and ion beams, which may be used in a wide variety of applications including pulsed neutron generation, therapeutic X-ray/electron devices, elemental analysis, local scanning chemical analysis, high energy scanning microscopy, point source compact transmission electron microscopy, compact ion beam sources, positron sources, micro-thrusters for ion engines, and improved fusion efficiency especially of the Farnsworth type. The high-energy emission can be created by simply heating the material or by application of external coercive electromagnetic and acoustic fields.

ELECTRON EMISSION ELEMENT AND FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY USING IT

An electron emission element, which comprises an electric field application unit composed of a dielectric, a first electrode formed on one surface thereof, and a second electrode formed on the same surface, for forming a slit along with a drive electrode, and which is formed on a substrate.

Electron emitter

Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter of high durability exhibiting suppressed reduction in electron emission quantity, which reduction would otherwise occur with repeated use of the electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a substrate, a lower electrode, an emitter layer, and an upper electrode. The upper electrode has a plurality of openings, and an emitter section located on the top surface of the emitter layer is exposed through the openings to a reduced-pressure atmosphere. The electron emitter is configured so that when a pulse drive voltage Va is applied between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, electrons are accumulated on the emitter section, and then the electrons are emitted toward the reduced-pressure atmosphere. The emitter layer contains a primary component (i.e., a ferroelectric composition) and an additional component. The additional component contains a transition metal oxide of high oxidation number which can serve as an oxidizing agent ...

ELECTRON EMISSION ELEMENT AND FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY USING IT

An electron-emitting element includes an electric field applying portion composed of a dielectric, a first electrode formed on one surface of the electric field applying portion, and a second electrode being formed on the surface and forming a slit in cooperation with the first electrode, and is formed on a substrate.

Electron emitter

A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter, to which the dielectric device is applied is provided with: an emitter including a dielectric; and an upper electrode and a lower electrode to which drive voltage is applied in order to emit electrons. The emitter is formed by the aerosol deposition method or the sol impregnation method.

Electron emitter

A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter, to which the dielectric device is applied is provided with: an emitter including a dielectric; and an upper electrode and a lower electrode to which drive voltage is applied in order to emit electrons. The emitter is formed by the aerosol deposition method or the sol impregnation method, and the surface roughness of the upper surface thereof is controlled in the range from 0.1 to 3 in Ra.

Ferroelectric electron beam source and method for generating electron beams

A comb-shaped electrode (12) is formed on the main surface of a ferroelectric thin film (11) and a planer electrode (13) is formed on the rear surface of a ferroelectric thin film. Then, the property of the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film is converted into semi-conduction. Then, the assembly comprised of the ferroelectric thin film, the comb-shaped electrode and the planer electrode is disposed in a given atmosphere. Under the circumstance, a negative voltage is applied to the comb-shaped electrode to polarize the ferroelectric thin film, and a negative impulse voltage is applied to the planer electrode, thereby generating electron beams from the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film.

Methods and devices for producing an electron beam

Disclosed are methods and devices suitable for producing an electron beam.

FIELD EMITTER AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

A field emitter includes a cathode, a field emission point part, a first anode, a charge storing plate, and a second anode. The field emission point part faces the first anode and is disposed at a first surface of and electrically connected to the cathode. The charge storing plate is disposed at a second surface, opposite the first surface, of the cathode. The second anode faces the second surface of the cathode. The charge storing plate is interposed between the second anode and the second surface of the cathode. Even if substantially the same electric field is formed in the field emitter as in a field emitter without the charge storing plate, the field emitter having the charge storing plate induces a more effective field emission current than the field emitter without the charge storing plate.

Device for delivering localized x-ray radiation and method of manufacture

Generally, the present invention provides a device for insertion into a body of a subject being treated to deliver localized x-ray radiation, and a method for fabricating such a device. The device includes a cathode structure that has a thin, diamond film as a cathode. The device further comprises a vacuum housing and an anode. A method for fabricating a device for localized x-ray radiation is described which includes the formation of a thin diamond film on a getter at temperatures below an activation temperature of the getter.

Display system utilizing electron emission by polarization reversal of ferroelectric material

A plurality of electrical light-emitting surface light source elements are arranged in a matrix form on a semiconductor substrate. Each of the surface light source elements has a ferroelectric capacitor portion and an electrical light-emitting portion. The capacitor portion has a lower electrode formed on the substrate, a ferroelectric thin film formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the thin film with an electron emission hole. The light-emitting portion has a carrier acceleration/multiplication layer formed on the upper electrode by a semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer formed on the acceleration/multiplication layer, and a transparent electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. A plurality of switching elements are formed on the substrate in correspondence with the surface light source elements. A voltage applied across the upper and lower electrodes of the capacitor portion of a corresponding one of the surface light source elements according to a ...

Display system utilizing electron emission by polarization reversal of ferroelectric material

A plurality of electrical light-emitting surface light source elements are arranged in a matrix form on a semiconductor substrate. Each of the surface light source elements has a ferroelectric capacitor portion and an electrical light-emitting portion. The capacitor portion has a lower electrode formed on the substrate, a ferroelectric thin film formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the thin film with an electron emission hole. The light-emitting portion has a carrier acceleration/multiplication layer formed on the upper electrode by a semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer formed on the acceleration/multiplication layer, and a transparent electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. A plurality of switching elements are formed on the substrate in correspondence with the surface light source elements. A voltage applied across the upper and lower electrodes of the capacitor portion of a corresponding one of the surface light source elements according to a ...

VERWENDUNG EINER KALTKATHODE IN ENTLADUNGSLAMPEN, ENTLADUNGSLAMPE MIT DIESER KALTKATHODE UND BETRIEBSWEISE FÜR DIESE ENTLADUNGSLAMPE

Ferroelectric electron beam source and method for generating electron beams

A comb-shaped electrode is formed on the main surface of a ferroelectric thin film and a planar electrode is formed on the rear surface of a ferroelectric thin film. Then, the property of the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film is converted into semi-conduction. Then, the assembly comprised of the ferroelectric thin film, the comb-shaped electrode and the planar electrode is disposed in a given atmosphere. Under this condition, a negative voltage is applied to the comb-shaped electrode to polarize the ferroelectric thin film, and a negative impulse voltage is applied to the planar electrode, thereby generating electron beams from the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film.

電子ビーム発生装置

Method of forming pointed structures

A method of forming an array of pointed structures comprises depositing a ferrofluid on a substrate, applying a magnetic field to the ferrofluid to generate an array of surface protrusions, and solidifying the surface protrusions to form the array of pointed structures. The pointed structures may have a tip radius ranging from approximately 10 nm to approximately 25 m. Solidifying the surface protrusions may be carried out at a temperature ranging from approximately 10 degrees C. to approximately 30 degrees C.

Dielectric device

A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter (10A) to which the dielectric device of the present invention is applied includes an emitter (12) formed by a dielectric, and an upper electrode (14) and a lower electrode (16) to which a drive voltage is applied for the purpose of electron emission. The emitter includes an upper layer (12c) formed from plural dielectric particles (12e), and a lower layer (12d) formed from plural dielectric particles, below the upper layer. The upper layer and/or lower layer are formed by aerosol deposition.

Electron-emitting element and field emission display using the same

An electron-emitting element includes an electric field applying portion (1) composed of a dielectric, a first electrode (2) formed on one surface of the electric field applying portion, and a second electrode (3) being formed on the surface and forming a slit in cooperation with the first electrode, and is formed on a substrate (4).

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY

PURPOSE: To provide a two-dimensional display utilizing an electron beam generator for which ferroelectric substances having excellent image resolution are used. CONSTITUTION: This two-dimensional display is formed by forming transparent third stripe electrodes 14 consisting of ITO, etc., which is formed diagonally with first stripe electrodes 3 and second stripe electrodes 4 in a manner as not to parallel with neither thereof on the one surface of a luminant surface 14 on all the elements and does not injure the visibility of a striped display (the surface is not the surface facing electron beam generating elements 5). Driving pulses 8 larger than the resistance voltage Vc of the ferroelectric substances 2 are impressed on the first stripe electrodes 3 and the second stripe electrodes 4 and simultaneously positive first bias pulses 15 are impressed on the third stripe electrodes 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO ...

DISPLAY UNIT

A PED comprising signal wirings (18a, 18b) and scanning wirings (18c, 18d) formed in a matrix form on the inner surface (4a) of a rear-surface substrate, and a PZT film (24) formed as an electron emission member corresponding to respective intersections. The PZT film (24) emits an electron beam having a sectional shape depending on the shape of a voltage applied between element electrodes (21, 22) connected with wiring. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Elektronenemitter

Flat panel ferroelectric electron emission display system

A device which can produce a bright, raster scanned or non-raster scanned image from a flat panel. Unlike many flat panel technologies, this device does not require ambient light or auxiliary illumination for viewing the image. Rather, this device relies on electrons emitted from a ferroelectric emitter impinging on a phosphor. This device takes advantage of a new electron emitter technology which emits electrons with significant kinetic energy and beam current density.

Cathode for producing intense, modulated, one- or multichannel electron beams

A source for pulsed electron beams is described, which is excited to produce emission over a large area and its pulse frequency, energy and current intensity can be modulated as a totality or individually. The cathode can be used as an electron gun for applications in accelerators and free electron lasers and also in high-power radio-frequency and cathode ray tubes. The applications as a modulated Gigahertz source and as a source for parallel image information processing in compact cathode ray tubes can be named as the main features. ...

Cathode arrangement for an X-ray accelerating tube comprises a ferroelectric emitter which can emit electrons from an emitting surface and an electrode arranged on the emitting surface of the ferroelectric emitter

Cathode arrangement (1) comprises a ferroelectric emitter (3) which can emit electrons from an emitting surface; and an electrode (6, 15) arranged on the emitting surface of the ferroelectric emitter. The ferrroelectric material has a Curie temperature which lies above the operating temperature of the cathode arrangement. An Independent claim is also included for a process for the emission of electrodes from the X-ray device. Preferred Features; The ferroelectric material is Pb(Mg, Nb)O3, (Ba, Sr)TiO3, (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 or zinc oxide.

LIGHT EMITTING DISPLAY ELEMENT AND A FLAT DISPLAY

A light emitting display element comprising an antiferroelectric layer (2), top- and back-face electrodes (3 and 4) for impressing an alternating electric field upon the layer (2), and a phosphor layer (6) which emits light on receiving cold electrons emitted from the layer (2) when the alternating electric fields are impressed upon the layer (2). The top- and back-face electrodes (3 and 4) are respectively provided on the top and back surfaces of the layer (2) and at least either of the electrodes (3 and 4) can be comb-shaped or perforated. A flat display (20) is constituted by arranging such light emitting display elements (1) on a plane. The flat display (20) has a large display area in spite of its light weight and small size and exhibits excellent display characteristics stably for a long term.

X-RAY CATHETER

A catheter for emitting radiation is disclosed, comprising a catheter shaft (104), and an x-ray unit (102) attached to the distal end of the catheter shaft. The x-ray unit comprises an anode (112), and a cathode (110) coupled to an insulator (108) to define a vacuum chamber (106). The cathode is preferably a field emission cathode of graphite or graphite coated with titanium carbide, for example. The anode is preferably tungsten, and the insulator is preferably pyrolytic boron nitride. The x-ray unit is preferably coupled to a voltage source through a coaxial cable. The anode is preferably a heavy metal such as tungsten. The cathode may also be a ferroelectric material. The x-ray unit can have a diameter less than about 4mm, and a length less than about 15 mm. Methods of use of the catheter are also disclosed. The catheter of the present invention can be used to irradiate the site of an angioplasty procedure to prevent restenosis. It can also be used to treat other conditions in any vessel ...

Electron emission source, electron emission device using the same, and composition for the same

An electron emission device includes a first plate and a second plate spaced apart and facing each other, a first electrode having an electron emission source electrically coupled thereto, the electron emission source including a carbon-based material and a ferroelectric material, a second electrode disposed adjacent to the first electrode, and a phosphor layer disposed so as to receive electrons emitted by the electron emission source.

Thin film ferroelectric flat panel display devices, and methods for operating and fabricating same

A flat panel display includes a ferroelectric thin film between first and second spaced apart electrodes. The ferroelectric thin film emits electrons upon application of a predetermined voltage between the first and second spaced apart electrodes. The electrons are emitted in an electron emission path and impinge upon a luminescent layer such as a phosphor layer, which produces luminescence upon impingement upon the emitter electrodes. The ferroelectric thin film is preferably about 2 mu m or less in thickness and is preferably a polycrystalline ferroelectric thin film. More preferably, the thin ferroelectric film is a highly oriented, polycrystalline thin ferroelectric film. Most preferably, highly oriented ferroelectric thin film has a preferred (001) crystal orientation and is about 2 mu m or less in thickness. A flat panel display may be formed of arrays of such display elements. Top and bottom electrodes or side electrodes may be used. The display may be formed using conventional microelectronic ...

ELECTRON BEAM GENERATOR

PURPOSE: To arrange electron-beam generating elements two-dimensionally by employing emission of bound charges due to the polarization inversion of a ferroelectric substance as the electron-beam generating element for the purpose of simultaneously satisfying image resolution, time-dependent responsiveness, the angle of visibility, self-emission properties, power consumption and costs. CONSTITUTION: An electron-beam generating cell 24 has a switching transistor 25 and an electron-beam generating element 22. In the electron-beam generating cell 24, a source of the switching transistor 25 is connected to one 18a of the upper electrodes of the electron-beam generating element 22. The switching transistor 25 has a word line WL connected to the gate thereof and a drive line DL connected to the drain thereof. A bit line BL is connected to the other upper electrode 18b of the electron-beam generating element 22. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio ...

FIELD EMISSION DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR DRIVING THE SAME, CAPABLE OF IMPROVING FIELD EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS BY INSTALLING A FERROELECTRIC CONDENSER AT A REAR SURFACE OF A CATHODE

PURPOSE: A field emission device and a method for driving the same are provided to increase the number of electrons to be condensed on a cathode by forming an electric condenser layer with a ferroelectric material and coating an anode on the electric condenser layer. CONSTITUTION: A field emission tip unit(140) is formed on a first surface of a cathode(122). The field emission tip unit is electrically connected to the cathode. A first anode(121) is formed opposite to the field emission tip unit. An electric condenser layer(150) is formed on a second surface facing the first surface of the cathode. A second anode(160) is arranged opposite to the second surface. The electric condenser layer is positioned between the second anode and the second surface. The electric condenser layer is formed of a ferroelectric material. © KIPO 2008 ...

Cold cathode for discharge lamp, discharge lamp with the same cold cathode and operating method of the same discharge lamp

放电灯的，尤其是借助一种介电阻挡放电运行的放电灯(6)的冷阴极(1)，具有两个导电的、相互面对着的电极，在这两个电极之间，夹层式地设置有一个铁电体，至少电极之一具有一个或多个开孔。在运行时，在两个电极上施加一个具有快速变换极性的电压。通过这种方法，在铁电体的表面释放出电子，这些电子在放电灯的运行电压作用下，穿过开孔向着灯的阳极(8)被加速，并用于起动及维持灯(6)的放电。

Light source

A light source has a rear glass substrate and a front glass substrate having a plate surface disposed in facing relation to a principal surface of the rear glass substrate. The plate surface of the front glass substrate is coated with a phosphor. A two-dimensional array of electron emitters is disposed on the principal surface of the rear glass substrate. A space defined between the rear glass substrate and the front glass substrate is filled with a gas. The gas may be an Hg (mercury) gas or an Xe (xenon) gas.

Ferroelectric emitter

A ferroelectric multi-layered emitter used in a semiconductor lithography process includes a lower electrode, a ferroelectric layer, having a top surface with two end portions, which overlies the lower electrode, an insertion electrode formed on a region excluding the two end portions of the top surface of the ferroelectric layer, a dielectric layer, having sides and a top surface with two end portions, which has a predetermined pattern and is formed along the top surface of the ferroelectric layer and the insertion electrode, and a dummy upper electrode formed on a side of the dielectric layer opposite the ferroelectric layer. The ferroelectric emitter of the present invention guarantees uniform electron emission from wide and narrow gaps of a mask layer and in an isolated pattern such as a doughnut shape for ferroelectric switching emission lithography.

Ferroelectric electron beam source and method for generating electron beams

Kathodenkörper für die Elektronenkanone einer Kathodenstrahlröhre

Electron emitter

Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter which enables suppression of reduction of electron emission quantity due to repeated use thereof, and which exhibits high durability. The electron emitter includes a substrate (11); an emitter section (12) formed of a dielectric material; a first electrode (14) formed on the top surface of the emitter section; and a second electrode (16) formed on the bottom surface of the emitter section. The dielectric material forming the emitter section contains a dielectric composition having an electric-field-induced strain (i.e., percent deformation under application of an electric field of 4 kV/mm, as measured in a direction perpendicular to the electric field) of 0.07% or less.

Electron emitter

A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter (12), to which the dielectric device is applied is provided with: an emitter including a dielectric; and an upper electrode (14) and a lower electrode (16) to which drive voltage is applied in order to emit electrons. The emitter is formed by the aerosol deposition method or the sol impregnation method, and the surface roughness of the upper surface thereof is controlled in the range from 0.1 to 3 in Ra.

Electron emitter

DIELECTRIC DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dielectric device of higher performance. SOLUTION: An electron emitting element 10A to which the dielectric device is applied is provided with an emitter part 12 constituted of the dielectrics and the upper part electrode 14 and the lower part electrode 16 to which a driving voltage Va for electron emission is applied. The emitter part 12 is composed of a large number of dielectric particles 12e and a large number of dielectric particles 12f which are filled in a space between this large number of dielectric particles 12e and have a smaller particle diameter. The emitter part 12 of such constitution is formed by an aerosol deposition method or a sol impregnation method. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI ...

Ferroelectric electron beam source and method for generating electron beams

A comb-shaped electrode is formed on the main surface of a ferroelectric thin film and a planar electrode is formed on the rear surface of a ferroelectric thin film. Then, the property of the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film is converted into semi-conduction. Then, the assembly comprised of the ferroelectric thin film, the comb-shaped electrode and the planar electrode is disposed in a given atmosphere. Under this condition, a negative voltage is applied to the comb-shaped electrode to polarize the ferroelectric thin film, and a negative impulse voltage is applied to the planar electrode, thereby generating electron beams from the main surface of the ferroelectric thin film.

Electron-emitting element and field emission display using the same

An electron-emitting element includes an electric field applying portion (1) composed of a dielectric, a first electrode (2) formed on one surface of the electric field applying portion, and a second electrode (3) being formed on the surface and forming a slit in cooperation with the first electrode, and is formed on a substrate (4).

Cathode body, electron gun, and cathode ray tube employing a ferroelectric emitter

A cathode, an electron gun, and a cathode ray tube include a ferroelectric electron source. The cathode includes a substrate; a lower electrode layer on the substrate; a cathode layer, on the lower electrode layer, the cathode layer including a ferroelectric emitter; an upper electrode layer, on the ferroelectric cathode layer, the upper electrode layer having electron emitting regions comprising a plurality of electron emission holes for passing electrons emitted from the ferroelectric emitter; and a driving electrode layer, supported by the upper electrode layer, for controlling passage of electrons through the electron emitting regions in the upper electrode layer and the driving electrode layer.

Light source

A light source (10D) has a rear glass substrate (200) and a front glass substrate (202) having a plate surface disposed in facing relation to a principal surface of the rear glass substrate (200). The plate surface of the front glass substrate (202) is coated with a phosphor. A two-dimensional array of electron emitters (12B) is disposed on the principal surface of the rear glass substrate (200). A space (230) defined between the rear glass substrate (200) and the front glass substrate (202) is filled with a gas (232). The gas (232) may be an Hg (mercury) gas or an Xe (xenon) gas.

USE OF A COLD CATHODE FOR DISCHARGE LAMPS, DISCHARGE LAMP FITTED WITH SAID COLD CATHODE, AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF SAID DISCHARGE LAMP

Ferroelectric emitter body

在半导体光刻工艺中使用的铁电多层发射体包括下电极,具有顶表面和两个端部分并覆盖在下电极上的铁电层,在除铁电层顶面两个端部分之外的区域上形成的插入电极,具有侧部和具有两个端部分的顶面的介电层,其具有预定图形并沿着铁电层的顶面和插入电极形成,在铁电层对面的介电层一侧上形成的假上电极。本发明的铁电发射体保证电子从掩模层的宽和窄空隙中和在诸如环行的隔离图形中均匀发射,用于铁电转换发射光刻。

Electron emitter

A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter, to which the dielectric device is applied is provided with: an emitter including a dielectric; and an upper electrode and a lower electrode to which drive voltage is applied in order to emit electrons. The emitter is formed by the aerosol deposition method or the sol impregnation method, and the surface roughness of the upper surface thereof is controlled in the range from 0.1 to 3 in Ra.

ELECTRON EMITTER

Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter of high durability exhibiting suppressed reduction in electron emission quantity, which reduction would otherwise occur with repeated use of the electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a substrate, a lower electrode, an emitter layer, and an upper electrode. The upper electrode has a plurality of openings, and an emitter section located on the top surface of the emitter layer is exposed through the openings to a reduced-pressure atmosphere. The electron emitter is configured so that when a pulse drive voltage Va is applied between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, electrons are accumulated on the emitter section, and then the electrons are emitted toward the reduced-pressure atmosphere. The emitter layer contains a primary component (i.e., a ferroelectric composition) and an additional component. The additional component contains a transition metal oxide of high oxidation number which can serve as an oxidizing agent ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A PED is constituted by arranging signal lines and scanning lines, in the form of a matrix, on the inner surface of a rear substrate and by forming PZT films, which are used as electron-emitting members, at the intersections of the signal lines and the scanning lines. When a voltage is applied between element electrodes connected to the lines, each PZT film emits an electron beam having a cross-section shape that depends on the shape of the PZT film.

Method of forming pointed structures

A method of forming an array of pointed structures comprises depositing a ferrofluid on a substrate, applying a magnetic field to the ferrofluid to generate an array of surface protrusions, and solidifying the surface protrusions to form the array of pointed structures. The pointed structures may have a tip radius ranging from approximately 10 nm to approximately 25 μm. Solidifying the surface protrusions may be carried out at a temperature ranging from approximately 10 degrees C. to approximately 30 degrees C.

DIELECTRIC COMPOSITION AND DIELECTRIC FILM ELEMENT

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dielectric composition capable of improving the deterioration of the amount of emitted electrons with time elapsing of an electron emitting element. SOLUTION: The dielectric composition is composed of a PMN-PZ-PT ternary solid solution composition represented by PbxBip(Mgy/3Nb2/3)aTib-zMzZrcO3 as a major component and contains Ni equivalent to NiO content of 0.05-2.0 wt.%. In the formula, x is 0.95≤x≤1.05, p is 0.02≤p≤0.1, and y is 0.8≤y≤1.0; (a, b, c) are decimals within a range surrounded by 5 points, i.e. (0.550, 0.425, 0.025), (0.550, 0.150, 0.300), (0.100, 0.150, 0.750), (0.100, 0.525, 0.375), and (0.375, 0.425, 0.200); z is 0.02≤z≤0.10; and M is at least one kind selected from Nb, Ta, Mo, and W. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI ...

FERROELECTRIC EMITTER FOR ELECTRON BEAM EMISSION AND RADIATION GENERATION

Disclosed are methods and devices suitable for generating electron beams and pulses of radiation. Specifically, in some disclosed embodiments, multiple emitting electrodes of a ferroelectric emitter are sequentially activated, generating a relatively long electron beam pulse that is substantially a series of substantially consecutive short electron beam pulses generated by the sequentially-activated individual emitting electrodes. 1. A ferroelectric emitter , comprising:at least two mutually-separated distal emitting electrodes.2. The ferroelectric emitter of claim 1 , wherein said emitting electrodes are coplanar.3. The ferroelectric emitter of claim 1 , comprising:an emitter body of ferroelectric material having a proximal face and a distal face;at least one proximal electrode contacting said proximal face of said emitter body; andsaid at least two mutually-separated distal emitting electrodes contacting said distal face of said emitter body.4. The ferroelectric emitter of claim 1 , further comprising:a triggering assembly, configured to sequentially activate said distal emitting electrodes.59-. (canceled)10. An electron gun claim 1 , comprising:a vacuum tube; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'functionally associated with said vacuum tube, a ferroelectric emitter of .'}11. The electron gun of claim 10 , configured for sequential activation of said distal emitting electrodes.12. The electron gun of claim 11 , said sequential activation enabling the generation of a series of substantially consecutive short electron beam pulses claim 11 , each pulse generated by activation of a said distal emitting electrode.1319-. (canceled)20. A radiation-generating device claim 11 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a ferroelectric emitter of .'}2122-. (canceled)23. A method for generating an electron beam claim 11 , comprising:a) providing a ferroelectric emitter having at least two mutually-separated distal emitting electrodes ...

Ferroelectric emitter for electron beam emission and radiation generation

Disclosed are methods and devices suitable for generating electron beams and pulses of radiation. Specifically, in some disclosed embodiments, multiple emitting electrodes of a ferroelectric emitter are sequentially activated, generating a relatively long electron beam pulse that is substantially a series of substantially consecutive short electron beam pulses generated by the sequentially-activated individual emitting electrodes.

X-ray catheter

A catheter for emitting radiation is disclosed, comprising a catheter shaft (104), and an x-ray unit (102) attached to the distal end of the catheter shaft. The x-ray unit comprises an anode (112), and a cathode (110) coupled to an insulator (108) to define a vacuum chamber (106). The cathode is preferably a field emission cathode of graphite or graphite coated with titanium carbide, for example. The anode is preferably tungsten, and the insulator is preferably pyrolytic boron nitride. The x-ray unit is preferably coupled to a voltage source through a coaxial cable. The anode is preferably a heavy metal such as tungsten. The cathode may also be a ferroelectric material. The x-ray unit can have a diameter less than about 4mm, and a length less than about 15 mm. Methods of use of the catheter are also disclosed. The catheter of the present invention can be used to irradiate the site of an angioplasty procedure to prevent restenosis. It can also be used to treat other conditions in any vessel, lumen or cavity of the body.

Electron beam generator

light source

Electron emitter

Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter which enables suppression of reduction of electron emission quantity due to repeated use thereof, and which exhibits high durability. The electron emitter includes a substrate (11); an emitter section (12) formed of a dielectric material; a first electrode (14) formed on the top surface of the emitter section; and a second electrode (16) formed on the bottom surface of the emitter section. The dielectric material forming the emitter section contains a dielectric composition having an electric-field-induced strain (i.e., percent deformation under application of an electric field of 4 kV/mm, as measured in a direction perpendicular to the electric field) of 0.07% or less.

Electron emitter

Ferroelectric emitter for electron beam emission and radiation generation

High Energy Crystal Generators And Their Applications

Ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric crystals are used to generate spatially localized high energy (up to and exceeding 100 keV) electron and ion beams, which may be used in a wide variety of applications including pulsed neutron generation, therapeutic X-ray/electron devices, elemental analysis, local scanning chemical analysis, high energy scanning microscopy, point source compact transmission electron microscopy, compact ion beam sources, positron sources, micro-thrusters for ion engines, and improved fusion efficiency especially of the Farnsworth type. The high-energy emission can be created by simply heating the material or by application of external coercive electromagnetic and acoustic fields.

Cold cathode for discharge lamps, discharge lamp fitted with said cold cathode, and principle of operation of said discharge lamp

Field emitter and method of operating the same

A field emitter includes a cathode, a field emission point part, a first anode, a charge storing plate, and a second anode. The field emission point part faces the first anode and is disposed at a first surface of and electrically connected to the cathode. The charge storing plate is disposed at a second surface, opposite the first surface, of the cathode. The second anode faces the second surface of the cathode. The charge storing plate is interposed between the second anode and the second surface of the cathode. Even if substantially the same electric field is formed in the field emitter as in a field emitter without the charge storing plate, the field emitter having the charge storing plate induces a more effective field emission current than the field emitter without the charge storing plate.

Hidegkatód kisülőlámpákhoz, ilyen hidegkatóddal ellátott kisülőlámpa, valamint eljárás annak üzemeltetésére

Verwendung einer kaltkathode in entladungslampen, entladungslampe mit dieser kaltkathode und betriebsweise für diese entladungslampe

電子放出素子

【課題】繰り返し使用による電子放出量の低下が改善された耐久性の高い圧電膜型電子放出素子を提供する。 【解決手段】電子放出素子１２０は、基板１２１と、下部電極１２２と、エミッタ層１２３と、上部電極１２４とを備えている。上部電極１２４には複数の開口部１２４ａが形成されていて、この開口部１２４ａを介して、エミッタ層１２３の表面側の部分であるエミッタ部１２５が減圧雰囲気に露出されている。この電子放出素子１２０は、下部電極１２２と上部電極１２４との間にパルス状の駆動電圧Ｖａが印加されることで、エミッタ部１２５に電子を蓄積した後、当該電子を減圧雰囲気に向けて放出し得るように構成されている。エミッタ層１２３は、強誘電体組成物である主成分と、添加成分とからなる。この添加成分は、酸化剤として機能することでより低酸化数の酸化物に変化し得る高酸化数の遷移金属酸化物からなる。 【選択図】図１

電子放出素子及びそれを用いたフィールドエミッションディスプレイ

【課題】良好な放出電子の直進性を有する電子放出素子及びそれを用いたフィールドエミッションディスプレイを提供する。 【解決手段】電子放出素子は、誘電体によって構成された電界印加部１と、その一方の面に形成された第１電極としての駆動電極２と、それと同一面に形成され、駆動電極２とともにスリットを形成する第２電極としてのコモン電極３とを有し、基板４の上に形成される。 【選択図】　　　　図１

전계 방출 장치 및 이의 구동 방법

전계 방출 효율을 증가시키기 위한 전계 방출 장치 및 이의 구동 방법이 개시된다. 전계 방출 장치는 음극과, 상기 음극의 제1 면에 형성되며 상기 음극과 전기적으로 연결된 전계 방출 첨단부와, 상기 전계 방출 첨단부와 마주보도록 형성된 제1 양극과, 상기 음극의 상기 제1 면에 대향하는 제2 면에 형성된 축전층 및 상기 축전층을 사이에 두고 상기 제2 면과 마주보는 제2 양극을 포함한다. 전계 방출이 일어나는 음극에 강유전체 축전층을 설치함으로써 축전층을 형성하지 않은 종래의 전계 방출 장치에 비해 동일한 크기의 전기장 하에서 전계방출효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 전계 방출, 축전층 ,첨단부, 전계 방출 장치

강유전체 에미터

본 발명은 반도체 리소그래피(lithography) 공정에 사용되는 강유전체(ferroelectric) 다층 에미터(emitter)의 구조에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게 설명하면 본 발명은 하부 전극; 상기 하부 전극 상부 영역에 형성된 강유전체층; 상기 강유전층 상부의 양 측면을 제외한 영역에 형성된 삽입전극; 상기 강유전체층 상부의 양 측면 및 상기 삽입 전극 상부 영역에 형성된 유전층; 및 상기 유전체층의 패턴 형성 부분을 제외한 영역에 형성된 더미 전극;으로 이루어진 새로운 강유전체 에미터(emitter)의 구조 및 작동 방법을 제공한다. 이에 따르면, 강유전체 스위칭(switching) 에미션 리소그래피에 있어 마스크 패턴(mask pattern)의 간격이 넓거나 좁은 부위에서도 전자 방출이 가능하도록 하면서 도넛(donut) 형태의 고립된 패턴도 균일한 전자 방출이 가능하다.

Dielectric composition and dielectric film element

Provided is a dielectric composition which, when applied to an electron emitter, enables suppression of reduction of electron emission quantity with passage of time. The dielectric composition contains, as a primary component, a PMN-PZ-PT ternary solid solution composition represented by the following formula Pb x Bi p (Mg y/3 Nb 2/3 ) a Ti b-z M z Zr c O 3 [wherein x, p, and y satisfy the following relations: 0.85 ≤ x ≤ 1.05, 0.02 ≤ p ≤ 0.1, and 0.8 ≤ y ≤ 1.0; a, b, and c are decimal numbers falling within a region formed by connecting the following five points (0.550, 0.425, 0.025), (0.550, 0.150, 0.300), (0.100, 0.150, 0.750), (0.100, 0.525, 0.375), and (0.375, 0.425, 0.200); z satisfies the following relation: 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.10; and M is at least one element selected from among Nb, Ta, Mo, and W], and contains Ni in an amount of 0.05 to 2.0 wt.% as reduced to NiO.

強誘電体エミッタ

(57)【要約】 【課題】 半導体のリソグラフィー工程に好適に使用さ れ得る強誘電体エミッタを提供する。 【解決手段】 下部電極１５と、下部電極１５上に２つ の端部を含んで形成された強誘電体層１１と、強誘電体 層１１上で２つの端部を除く領域に形成された挿入電極 １２と、強誘電体層１１及び挿入電極１２の上面部に、 所定パターンを有して形成された誘電体層１３と、強誘 電体層１１と対向して誘電体層１３の上面の一側部上に 形成されたダミー上部電極１４とから構成する。このよ うな強誘電体エミッタで行なわれる、強誘電体のスイッ チングによるエレクトロンエミッションを利用したリソ グラフィーにあっては、マスクパターンの間隔によら ず、さらにドーナツ状に孤立して形成されたパターンで も、より均一なエレクトロンエミッションが保証される ようになる。

铁电发射体

在半导体光刻工艺中使用的铁电多层发射体包括下电极，具有顶表面和两个端部分并覆盖在下电极上的铁电层，在除铁电层顶面两个端部分之外的区域上形成的插入电极，具有侧部和具有两个端部分的顶面的介电层，其具有预定图形并沿着铁电层的顶面和插入电极形成，在铁电层对面的介电层一侧上形成的假上电极。本发明的铁电发射体保证电子从掩模层的宽和窄空隙中和在诸如环行的隔离图形中均匀发射，用于铁电转换发射光刻。

強誘電体エミッタ

Ferroelectric emitter for electron beam emission and radiation generation

Disclosed are methods and devices suitable for generating electron beams and pulses of radiation. Specifically, in some disclosed embodiments, multiple emitting electrodes of a ferroelectric emitter are sequentially activated, generating a relatively long electron beam pulse that is substantially a series of substantially consecutive short electron beam pulses generated by the sequentially-activated individual emitting electrodes.

Methods and devices for producing an electron beam

Disclosed are methods and devices suitable for producing an electron beam.