ПРОТОННОЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СКАНИРОВАНИЯ ПЯТНОМ

Группа изобретений относится к медицинской технике, а именно к средствам генерации и манипуляции протонным пучком. Способ облучения мишени включает в себя этапы генерирования протонного пучка с помощью циклотрона, обеспечения первой информации для системы выбора энергии, которая включает в себя глубину указанной мишени, выбора уровня энергии множества протонов с помощью системы выбора энергии на основании первой информации, маршрутизации протонного пучка от указанного циклотрона по каналу передачи пучка до системы сканирования, обеспечения второй информации для системы сканирования, которая включает пару поперечных координат и дозу мишени, направления протонного пучка с помощью магнитной конструкции на участок мишени, определяемый второй информацией, причем магнитная конструкция содержит двунаправленные магниты и отдельные источники питания для магнитов, соответствующие каждому из двунаправленных магнитов, облучения мишени на основании второй информации и управления отдельными источниками ...

Ионизационная камера деления для регистрации нейтронов

FIELD: nuclear technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a fission chamber for neutron detection in a wide power range (from thermal to fast). The chamber is made based on a system of switched tubular electrodes with applied uranium oxide coatings (radiators) located coaxially in a metal body filled with working gas. The system of axial and concentric electrodes includes radiator sections with applied uranium oxide coatings based on isotopically pure 238 U and 235 U with 90% enrichment for detection of fast and thermal neutrons, respectively, placed separately within the system of coaxial electrodes. The remaining tubular elements are used as compensation sections for detection of the gamma flux in the central, middle and outer coaxial areas of the electrode system of the fission ionisation chamber. EFFECT: technical result consists in detecting a neutron flux in a power range from thermal to fast neutrons (from 0.025 eV to 20 MeV) with compensation of the associated gamma flux in the conditions of stationary operation, transition periods of shutting down, starting up and putting the nuclear reactor into full-power operation. 4 cl, 2 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 757 219 C1 (51) МПК G21D 3/00 (2006.01) G01T 1/185 (2006.01) H01J 47/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК G21D 3/00 (2021.08); G01T 1/185 (2021.08); H01J 47/02 (2021.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020114866, 23.04.2020 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 12.10.2021 (45) Опубликовано: 12.10.2021 Бюл. № 29 Адрес для переписки: 119017, Москва, ул. Б. Ордынка, 24, ГК Росатом, Департамент правовой и корпоративной работы C 1 2 7 5 7 2 1 9 R U (54) Ионизационная камера деления для регистрации нейтронов (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к камере деления для отдельно друг от друга внутри системы регистрации нейтронов в широком коаксиальных электродов. Остающиеся энергетическом диапазоне (от тепловых до ...

Материал корпуса ионизационной камеры, обеспечивающий повышение чувствительности к гамма-излучению

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2015 128 652 A (51) МПК H01J 47/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2015128652, 13.01.2014 (71) Заявитель(и): Дженерал Электрик Компани (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 25.01.2013 US 13/749,739 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 25.08.2015 R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 03.03.2017 Бюл. № 07 (72) Автор(ы): БОС Эдвард Джозеф (US), МАККИННИ Кевин Скотт (US) (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2014/163720 (09.10.2014) R U (54) Материал корпуса ионизационной камеры, обеспечивающий повышение чувствительности к гаммаизлучению (57) Формула изобретения 1. Устройство обнаружения радиоактивного излучения, включающее: ионизационную камеру, содержащую катод и анод, причем ионизационная камера регистрирует проходящее в нее излучение, и внешний корпус, ограничивающий полый внутренний объем, внутри которого заключена ионизационная камера, причем внешний корпус включает по меньшей мере два слоя, где по меньшей мере один из слоев обеспечивает экран от электромагнитного излучения для полого внутреннего объема и заключенной в нем ионизационной камеры. 2. Устройство обнаружения радиоактивного излучения по п. 1, в котором по меньшей мере один из слоев, обеспечивающий экран от электромагнитного излучения, представляет собой экранирующий слой, который расположен с внутренней стороны внешнего корпуса. 3. Устройство обнаружения радиоактивного излучения по п. 2, в котором ионизационная камера расположена на расстоянии от экранирующего слоя внешнего корпуса. 4. Устройство обнаружения радиоактивного излучения по п. 2, в котором открытое воздушное пространство обеспечено между ионизационной камерой и экранирующим слоем внешнего корпуса внутри внешнего корпуса, и открытое воздушное пространство включает объем между ионизационной камерой и экранирующим слоем. 5. Устройство обнаружения радиоактивного излучения по п. 1, в котором ...

Устройство ограничения давления в корпусе, связанное с конструкцией корпуса

ПРОТОННОЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СКАНИРОВАНИЯ ПЯТНОМ

... 1. Способ облучения мишени, включающий стадии:генерирования протонного пучка с помощью циклотрона, где указанный протонный пучок состоит из множества протонов;обеспечения первой информации для системы выбора энергии;выбора уровня энергии указанного множества протонов с помощью указанной системы выбора энергии на основании указанной первой информации, где указанная первая информация включает глубину указанной мишени;маршрутизации указанного протонного пучка от указанного циклотрона по каналу передачи пучка до системы сканирования;обеспечения второй информации для указанной системы сканирования, где указанная вторая информация включает пару поперечных координат и дозу мишени;направления указанного протонного пучка с помощью магнитной конструкции на участок указанной мишени, определяемый указанной второй информацией; иоблучения указанной мишени указанным множеством протонов.2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно включающий стадию контроля источника питания указанной магнитной конструкции на основании ...

WAVELENGTH-SENSITIVE RADIOGRAPHY APPARATUS

Double detector

A double detector, which consists of two gas ionization chambers (3, 5) arranged one behind the other in the radiation direction (1), is provided for separate and simultaneous measurement of alpha radiation and beta radiation which are jointly emitted by a radiation source. The chamber (3) facing the radiation source is operated for measuring the alpha activity in the ionization region. The chamber (5) facing away from the radiation source is operated for measuring the beta activity in the proportional region. Suitable dimensioning of the inlet window (11), of the gas volume of the alpha chamber (3), and of the separating window (9) ensures that essentially all the alpha radiation entering the double detector is absorbed in the alpha chamber (3). The beta activity, which is measured by means of the beta chamber (5), is thus not corrupted by alpha radiation. ...

Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Intensitaet von Roentgen- und aehnlichen Strahlen

Pressurized gas filled ionization chamber

A cylindrical outer casing at earth potential, with an end window, contains a hollow cylindrical measuring electrode, fixed by screws with insulating washers and bushes, at very close spacing to its walls, to minimize dead space and provide electrically shielding between the casing and a coaxial voltage electrode within the measuring electrode. This construction reduces the size of the chamber to a min.

Improvements in ionization chambers

... 952,604. Ionization chambers. OHMART CORPORATION. March 28, 1960, No. 10905/60. Drawings to Specification. Heading HID. [Also in Divisions G1 and G3] An ionization chamber for use in an automatic control or measuring process in which a current derived from the chamber in response to radiation emitted by a radioactive source or X-ray tube varies in accordance with a variable condition in the process, e.g. the thickness of a sheet of material, is deliberately arranged to operate at an ion-collection efficiency of below 85%, preferably between 10 and 85%, since this is found to produce a sudden drop in the noise level as compared with operation at 100% ion collection efficiency and it is believed that the effect is due to the formation of an ion cloud adjacent the positive electrode, the ion cloud having the effect of smoothing out the statistical variations of ion formation, but not adversely affecting the overall current. Parameters which may be adjusted to vary the ion-collection efficiency ...

An imaging system

Ultraviolet light detection

IONIZATION DETECTOR

Radiation detectors

IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE VESSELS PARTICULARLY FOR IONIZATION DETECTORS

Gas electron multiplier detector for a mass spectrometer device

A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a gas electron multiplier ion detector. The ion detector comprises three gas electron multiplier stages GEM1, GEM2, GEM3 wherein a counter electrode 12 is arranged adjacent the first electron multiplier stage GEM1. This counter electrode 12 allows low energy positive ions to be detected in the gas electron multiplier detector by overcoming the problems of positive ions being repelled by the electron multiplier stages.

Improvements in and relating to monitoring

Detection of ions produced by radioactive emissions

Alpha and/or beta emitting sources on particular items (60)or in particular locations are detected indirectly using the ions generated by the emissions in a medium surrounding the item or location, and the pressure of the medium is increased above atmospheric pressure to increase the level of ions generated. The medium containing the ions is moved to a detecting location (10) where the ions are discharged to give a measure of emission levels. The system is particularly applicable for narrow pipes and other forms of conduit where the emissions have only a short path length before contacting a wall. A fan (30) may draw the medium through electrodes (35) where the ions give rise to a current.

XENON- X-RAY DETECTOR WITH TAPERED PLATES

Ionization detectors

The present invention relates to the manufacture of ionization detectors used in X-ray tomographic imaging. One form of the invention discusses a method of manufacturing an array of ionization detectors which reduces spurious electric currents in the detectors when the detector spacing is in the 1.5 mil range. Also discussed is a method of manufacture of a chamber for containing an ionizable gas such as xenon, and of sealing the detector array at its point of entry into the chamber in order to prevent the escape of xenon.

MULTICELL X-RAY DETECTOR

RADIOGRAPHY

Improvements in or relating to radiograpy

The invention relates to a flat plate, gas-filled X-ray detector which generates discrete electrical cor- pattern, comprising an X-ray pervious each of many locations over a 2-D pattern, comprising an X-ray previous window 16 and a back plate 5 containing respective contact members for each location which are in contact with the gas and store a respective charge in accordance with the received pattern. In one example, Figure 2, a back plate of a flat xenon detector has coaxial cables, e.g. 6-9, in a conducting solid matrix 10 connected to the power supply. Each cable centre conductor is a small capacitor which charges in response to ion collection. The signals are derived via a mechanical or electronic commutator 11. In another embodiment, Figure 3b, the back plate 17 is an anisotropic plate discharged by a conductive stylus 18 which tracks in a spiral groove on the back of the back plate 17, similar to a gramophone record groove. ...

RADIOGRAPHY

Improvements in or relating to radiation meters

... 890,741. Ionisation chambers. MULLARD Ltd. March 4, 1958 [May 20, 1957], No. 16011/57. Class 39(1) [Also in Group XL(b)] In a radiation meter of the ionization chamber type which provides a logarithmic indication of radiation intensity, the chamber is divided by a collector electrode into two parts of substantially equal volume which can be switched to operate in opposition to zero the instrument in a position where ambient radiation exists. The meter comprises an ionization chamber 1 with anodes 2, 3 and a common collector electrode 4, a source 12, 13 of saturation bias voltage for each part of the chamber, ganged switches 14, 15 which in their upper " measure " position connect both parts of the chamber in parallel and in their lower " calibrate" position connect both parts in opposition and a valve 6 with its grid directly connected to the collector electrode so that its anode current as measured by meter 8 is a logarithmic function of the ionization current in the chamber. The valve ...

SECONDARY STANDARD IONIZATION CHAMBER, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSORBED DOSE

DETECTOR FOR IONIZING RADIATION AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME

IONISATIONS-RAUCHFÜHLER

SECONDARY STANDARD IONIZATION CHAMBER, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSORBED DOSE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR BIDIMENSIONALEN LOCALIZATION THE NICHTGELADENER PARTICLE, IN PARTICULAR WITH SMALL COUNTING RATE.

DEVICE FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RADIOACTIVITY OF A MEDIUM.

GAS IONIZATION DOSIMETER WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FOR PERSONS.

MULTI-ELECTRODE PARTICLE DETECTOR AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF THE SAME

Ionization chamber

Apparatus and methods for real-time verification of radiation therapy

Various embodiments are described herein for an area integrated fluence monitoring sensor that can be used to measure a radiation dose. The sensor comprises at least one Gradient Ion Chamber (GIC) comprising an ion chamber having a volume gradient across a length or width thereof, a gas or liquid located within the ion chamber and an electrode to detect ions generated within the gas or liquid when the at least one GIC is subjected to an ionizing radiation beam. Various embodiments are also described herein for an Integral Quality Monitoring system and associated method that can be used to measure and monitor the quality of radiation doses provided by a radiation treatment system.

An imaging system using a high-density avalanche chamber converter

Multimedia detectors for medical imaging

TRANSMISSION ION CHAMBER

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF THE ENERGY OF IONIZING ELECTRO-MAGNETIC RADIATION

A spectrometer system employs a gridless Xenon detector having an anode (10) and a cathode (12) supported in spaced relation from the anode devoid of structure intermediate the anode and cathode. Pulses resulting from charge collection due to radiation ionization of the Xenon gas are detected and parametrized by a computation engine (48) through multiple detected pulses. Simultaneous determination of the position and ionization energy allows selective presentation of the data to compensate for various position dependent phenomena.

X-RAY DETECTOR

... 15 XR 1447 An improved x-ray or other ionizing radiation detector includes an array of adjacent cells consisting of alternately-disposed oppositely-polarized electrodes and guard electrodes and insulators between them. Uniform spacing between electrodes and close control of the overall length of the array are achieved by depositing viscous resinous adhesive at selected location between the electrodes and insulators during assembly. Groups of cells (i.e. subassemblies) are formed in this manner by assembling the electrode elements and insulators in proper sequence in a form or die which has a radius of curvature, either finite or infinite, conforming with that desired for the detector array. The subassemblies are baked to cure and solidify the adhesive and maintain the pieces as a unit. The subassemblies are then joined to others with similar adhesive to form the entire detector array. The whole assembly is then heat-cured and becomes a unit which can be mounted in a gas-filled hollow chamber ...

PERSONAL DOSIMETER HAVING A VOLUME OF GAS ATOP AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

A dosimeter that includes tissue equivalent bubbles of plastic defining volumes of gas to be ionized by radiation. One or more integrated circuits (ICs) are disposed below the volumes of gas and a collecting electrode on the IC is in direct contact with the gas. Circuitry for generating an electric field within the volume of gas moves the ions therein to the collecting electrode. The collecting electrode is part of an amplifying circuit disposed within the IC. The output from the amplifier is representative of the collected ions and therefore representative of the radiation. The signal from the amplifier is sent to an interface which conditions, buffers and stores the signal. The radiation dose and dose rate are computed in the interface. A communications section transfers that data from the dosimeter upon receipt of an externally generated data transfer command. A separate calibration and display unit calibrates the dosimeter by controlling the conditioning of the signal.

DOSE MONITOR CHAMBER FOR ELECTRON OR X-RAY RADIATION

The chamber contains a first and a second measuring electrode and a third electrode. The first measuring electrode is essentially a first flat ring portion. The second measuring electrode comprises an inner circular area to the periphery of which a second flat ring portion adjoins in an electrically conducting manner. The first and the second measuring electrodes are arranged in a first plane. The first and the second ring portion are combined approximately 360.degree.. The third electrode is arranged in a second plane parallel to and spaced from the first plane. When ionizing radiation (X-rays, electrons) enters the space between the first and second measuring electrodes on the one side and the third electrode on the other side, electrical signals will be derived from said respective first and second electrode.

MULTI-CHANNEL X-RAY DETECTOR

X-RAY DETECTOR

Ionisationskammer, insbesondere für Belichtungsautomaten röntgendiagnostischer Untersuchungsgeräte

Chambre d'ionisation

Chambre d'ionisation compensée

Vorrichtung mit einer Messkammer für weiche Röntgenstrahlen

Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Dosisleistung einer Röntgenröhre.

Messkammer für Röntgenstrahlen.

Strahlungsempfindliche Gasentladungsröhre

Elektroden aufweisendes Gefäss und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben

Steuerbare Ionisationskammer

Vorrichtung zum Messen des Energiestromes in einem Röntgenstrahlenbündel

Ionisationskammer zum Messen von harten Röntgen- und y-Strahlen

Dispositif de contrôle de dérive lente d'une chambre d'ionisation

Chambre d'ionisation

Chambre d'ionisation à circulation

Chambre d'ionisation

Ionisationskammer

Tubular ionisation chamber for measuring device - has electrodes embedded in epoxy resin disc covering end of chamber

A metallic chamber has two openings, the first of which is sealed by a thin metallic membrane (2). Two electrodes (4, 5) are arranged in the chamber perpendicular to the plane of the opening sealed by the membrane (2). The electrodes (4, 5) are mounted on the face of an epoxy resin cover (3) where other face carries pieces (6, 7) which lead current to the electrodes (4, 5) to which they are electrically connected by a conducting part crossing the cover (3) which seals the second opening of the chamber. The epoxy resins is poured into a mould in which the electrodes (4, 5) and the conducting part are arranged. After polymerisation of the resin the cover (3) is removed and is sealed in an open end of the tube (1) whose other end is sealed by the membrane (2).

Photoelectric cell, in particular for the statement of UV-RADIATION.

SMOKE ALARM WITH IONIZATION.

Radiation detector and an apparatus for use in planar beam radiography

Multi-resolution detector for measuring and controlling charged particle pen-shaped beam

Gas detector for ionising radiation

Gas detector for ionizing radiation, especially of the beta type leading to the emission of energetic electrons by a surface. The detector includes a sealed enclosure (1) containing an ionizing electron-generating gas and at least two grids (G1, G2) at different electric potentials, one of them constituting the anode. The invention is characterized in that the grid(s) (G1, G2) are formed in a first direction by a plurality of electrically insulating wires (101) serving as a support and in a second direction distinct from the first, by a plurality of electrically conductive and resistive wires (102). The above-mentioned wires form a woven mesh. Application in the production of high intensity beta ray gas detectors, providing mono-dimensional or two-dimensional detection.

Position-sensitive ionising radiation detector

Electrometer intended for the measurement of radiations

Sensitive detector of ionization, out of glass are equivalent to the air, independent of energy and its direction

DISPOSITIF D'INTERCONNEXION PAR DES CONDUCTEURS ENTRE DES BORNES CONDUCTRICES SITUEES A L'INTERIEUR D'UNE ENCEINTE FERMEE DEMONTABLE ET DES BORNES CONDUCTRICES EXTERIEURES A CETTE ENCEINTE

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'interconnexion par des conducteurs entre des bornes conductrices situées à l'intérieur d'une enceinte fermée et des bornes conductrices extérieures à cette enceinte. Ce dispositif d'interconnexion est caractérisé en ce que les conducteurs traversent l'enceinte entre les deux parties démontables de cette enceinte. Application à l'interconnexion des électrodes de détection et des voies de mesure dans un appareil de tomographie à rayons X.

Improvements brought to electrometry, in particular to its branch relating to x-rays

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN MULTIDETECTEUR DE RAYONS X ET MULTIDETECTEUR OBTENU SELON CE PROCEDE

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN MULTIDETECTEUR DE RAYONS X FORMANT UN FAISCEAU PLAN F. CE MULTIDETECTEUR COMPREND UNE ENCEINTE ETANCHE REMPLIE D'UN GAZ IONISABLE ET, DANS CETTE ENCEINTE, AU MOINS UN ENSEMBLE MULTIDETECTEUR PRINCIPAL COMPORTANT UNE PLAQUE PLANE CONDUCTRICE 1, ELECTRIQUEMENT ISOLEE DE L'ENCEINTE ET UNE PLURALITE D'ELECTRODES PLANES 2 PARALLELES A LA PLAQUE 1, ISOLEES DE CETTE PLAQUE. CE PROCEDE EST CARACTERISE EN CE QU'IL CONSISTE A REALISER LES ELECTRODES 2 AINSI QUE DES CONNEXIONS PRINCIPALES 15 ENTRE CES ELECTRODES ET DES POINTS DE MESURE 19 EXTERIEURS A L'ENCEINTE PERMETTANT DE PRELEVER LES COURANTS CIRCULANT RESPECTIVEMENT DANS CES ELECTRODES, SUR UNE FACE PRINCIPALE 16 D'UNE PLAQUE ELECTRIQUEMENT ISOLANTE 4, CES CONNEXIONS PRINCIPALES ETANT ELECTRIQUEMENT ISOLEES DE L'ENCEINTE ET TRAVERSANT CELLE-CI DE MANIERE ETANCHE, A L'OPPOSE DE LA SOURCE QUI EMET LES RAYONS X. APPLICATION A LA FABRICATION DE MULTIDETECTEURS DE RAYONS X DESTINES A LA TOMOGRAPHIE ...

Adjustable ionization chamber

DETECTOR OF LOCALIZATION OF PHOTONS, HAS GAS FILLING

MANUFACTORING PROCESS Of a NETWORK Of DETECTING ELEMENTS FOR a DETECTOR Of IONIZATION

PROCESS OF METALLIZATION Of a RELATIVELY PLANE PART, ELECTRODE OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS AND MULTIDETECTEUR OF X-RAYS INCORPORATING SUCH ELECTRODES

Measuring chamber for soft x-rays and device equipped with this room

PROCEDE DE METALLISATION D'UNE PIECE RELATIVEMENT PLANE, ELECTRODE OBTENUE PAR CE PROCEDE ET MULTIDETECTEUR DE RAYONS X INCORPORANT DE TELLES ELECTRODES

PROCEDE POUR RECOUVRIR UNE ELECTRODE EN ACIER D'UN DEPOT UNIFORME DE PLOMB. SELON L'INVENTION, ON UTILISE UNE PLAQUE METALLIQUE 11 EN ACIER, DE SURFACE PLUS IMPORTANTE QUE LA PIECE 12 A RECOUVRIR ET ON PREDECOUPE CETTE PIECE DANS LA PLAQUE METALLIQUE SANS LA DISSOCIER COMPLETEMENT DE CETTE DERNIERE POUR QU'UN CONTACT ELECTRIQUE SUBSISTE ENTRE LA PLAQUE ET LA PIECE; ON DEPOSE ENSUITE LE PLOMB PAR ELECTRODEPOSITION. APPLICATION A LA FABRICATION DES ELECTRODES D'UN MULTIDETECTEUR DE RAYONS X POUR TOMODENSITOMETRE.

DISPOSITIF D'ANALYSE POUR TOMOGRAPHIE A RAYON X

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'analyse pour tomographie à rayons X ou gamma, comprenant au moins une source émettant des faisceaux de ces rayons, des cellules de détection des rayons disposées sur une circonférence centrée sur une ligne d axe passant sensiblement au centre de l'organe à analyser, des moyens pour faire tourner la source à l'intérieur de la circonférence le long des cellules autour de la ligne d'axe en regard de l'organe. Ce dispositif se caractérise en ce que les cellules de détection constituent une chambre d'ionisation multicellulaire et qu'elles sont associées à des moyens de mesure de la charge recueillie pendant un temps déterminé, sous l'influence desdits rayons. Application à l'appareillage médical pour tomographie par rayons et à la détection de rayons X ou gamma ...

DISPOSITIF DE DETECTION ET DE LOCALISATION DE PARTICULES NEUTRES, ET APPLICATIONS

Ce dispositif permet la détection et la localisation de particules neutres, tels que photons X, photons gamma ou neutrons. Il comprend essentiellement un convertisseur solide 2 disposé en incidence rasante par rapport au rayonnement à détecter, et des réseaux de fils tels que 3' disposés à proximité du convertisseur. Application à l'imagerie industrielle. (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI) ...

Apparatus for the measurement of radiations

Sensor for x-rays

DETECTEUR DE RAYONS X

DETECTEUR DE RAYONS X AYANT TRAVERSE UN OBJET OU UN ORGANE O. CE DETECTEUR COMPREND AU MOINS UNE CHAMBRE D'IONISATION 3 ETANCHE CONTENANT UN GAZ IONISABLE PAR LES RAYONS ISSUS DE L'OBJET, ET, DANS CETTE CHAMBRE, UNE PLAQUE 1 DE COLLECTION DES CHARGES ET UNE SERIE D'ELECTRODES 2 DE COLLECTION DES CHARGES RESULTANT DE L'IONISATION DU GAZ. LA CHAMBRE D'IONISATION 3 CONTIENT EN OUTRE UN GAZ SUSCEPTIBLE DE CREER AU SEIN DU MELANGE AINSI FORME UN MOUVEMENT DE GAZ EN SENS INVERSE DU MOUVEMENT DES IONS. APPLICATION A LA TOMOGRAPHIE D'ORGANE OU AU CONTROLE INDUSTRIEL D'OBJET.

IONIZATION SENSOR HOUSING, METHOD OF MAKING AND USING SUCH AN IONIZATION SENSOR PACKAGE

DETECTOR OF X-RAYS HAS IONIZATION CHAMBER

GASEOUS DETECTOR OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

ENCLOSURE PARTITION BETWEEN TWO SPACES SUBJECTED TO A PRESSURE DIFFERENCE

Process for the manufacturing of X-ray detectors for use in tomography, radiography, and the like

SEALING SYSTEM FOR PRESSURE TANK

Process for the manufacturing of X-ray detectors for use in tomography, radiography, and the like

DETECTOR OF RADIATION

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN DETECTEUR DE RAYONNEMENT COMPORTANT A CHACUNE DE SES EXTREMITES UN DISPOSITIF DE DETECTION DE POSITION DE SOURCE. CHAQUE DISPOSITIF DE DETECTION COMPORTE DE TROIS A CINQ PLAQUES ELECTRODES DONT UNE PLAQUE DE POLARISATION DISPOSEE AU CENTRE QUI PORTE DES COUCHES DE REVETEMENT SUR SES DEUX SURFACES ET DES PLAQUES ELECTRODES DE SIGNAUX DE CHAQUE COTE DE L'ELECTRODE DE POLARISATION, NE PORTANT UNE COUCHE DE REVETEMENT QUE SUR UNE SURFACE, LE POUVOIR D'EMISSION DES ELECTRONS SECONDAIRES DE LA MATIERE DE LA COUCHE DE REVETEMENT EST INFERIEUR A CELUI DE LA MATIERE DES PLAQUES ELECTRODES POUR LE RAYONNEMENT INCIDENT. L'INVENTION S'APPLIQUE A UN APPAREIL DE TOMOGRAPHIE CALCULEE. THE INVENTION CONCERNS A RADIATION DETECTOR INCLUDING AT EACH OF ITS ENDS A SOURCE POSITION DETECTION DEVICE. EACH DETECTION DEVICE INCLUDES THREE TO FIVE ELECTRODE PLATES OF WHICH A POLARIZATION PLATE ARRANGED IN THE CENTER WHICH CARRIES COATING LAYERS ON ITS TWO SURFACES AND SIGNAL ELECTRODE PLATES ON EACH SIDE OF THE POLARIZATION ELECTRODE, NOT CARRYING A POLARIZATION ELECTRODE LAYER. COATING ON A SURFACE, THE SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION POWER OF THE MATERIAL OF THE COATING LAYER IS LOWER THAN THAT OF THE MATERIAL OF THE ELECTRODE PLATES FOR INCIDENT RADIATION. THE INVENTION APPLIES TO A CALCULATED TOMOGRAPHY APPARATUS.

DETECTEUR DE RAYONS X

Détecteur de rayons X comportant de nombreux éléments de détection et utilisé dans un dispositif pour la tomographie par voie d'ordinateur dans lequel, à l'aide d'un faisceau divergent à faible section transversale, un corps à examiner est irradié suivant différentes directions. On mesure le rayonnement qui localement a pu traverser le corps à examiner et sur la base des résultats de mesure ainsi obtenus on calcule la répartition de la densité dans la section corporelle irradiée. Au cours de l'examen, le faisceau de rayons X et le détecteur tournent en synchronisme autour du corps. Dans un boîtier étanche au gaz, le détecteur comporte plusieurs électrodes quasi parallèles et élaborées sur une plaque de support Pour éviter que des vibrations engendrées dans l'appareil n'influencent les signaux de sortie du détecteur, lesdites plaques de support sont formées par un matériau absorbant fortement les vibrations. Application à l'appareillage radioscopique utilisé en médecine.

DISPOSITIF POUR LA MESURE DE DIFFERENCES D'ABSORPTION LOCALE DANS UN OBJET BIOLOGIQUE

AFIN DE COMPENSER DES SIGNAUX PARASITES (EFFET MICROPHONIQUE) DANS UN DISPOSITIF SERVANT A LA MESURE DE DIFFERENCES D'ABSORPTION LOCALE, ON A AJOUTE UNE SOURCE DE TENSION ALTERNATIVE A LA SOURCE FOURNISSANT LA HAUTE TENSION A UNE ELECTRODE DE HAUTE TENSION D'UN DETECTEUR REMPLI D'UN GAZ. AU CIRCUIT DE MESURE EST INCORPORE UN CIRCUIT DE COMPENSATION DE DEMODULATION A L'AIDE DUQUEL LE SIGNAL D'EFFET MICROPHONIQUE EST SELECTIONNE ET LE SIGNAL DE MESURE EST DEMUNI DE CE SIGNAL. APPLICATION: APPAREILLAGE RADIOGRAPHIQUE MEDICAL.

MANUFACTORING PROCESS Of a MULTIDETECTEUR HAS IONIZATION CHAMBERS AND MULTIDETECTEUR OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS

DEVICE OF DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF NEUTRAL PARTICLES, AND APPLICATIONS

APPARATUS OF TOMOGRAPHY HAS SWEEPING FAST

Monitor for measuring radioactivity of contaminated surface

The monitor to measure the radioactivity of a contaminated surface emitting decay particles applies a potential difference between the surface and a collector spaced from it to induce particle migration and has circuitry measuring the current resulting from charged particles arriving at the collector. Also claimed is a further monitor comprising an outer casing adapted to be grounded to surface, a collector within the casing, insulation between the collector and outer casing, means for generating potential difference between the surface and the collector to induce particle migration and a means for measuring the current generated by impingement of charged particles on the collector.

TRANSMISSION ION CHAMBER

Separation enclosure for use in time projection chamber to separate spaces subjected to pressure difference, has foldable elongated elements possessing selected length, so that elements are tightened when bellows is in unfolded position

L'invention concerne une enceinte (1) de séparation entre deux espaces (62, 63) soumis à une différence de pression, l'enceinte (1) comportant un soufflet (2) s'étendant suivant un axe de référence (3), le soufflet (2) étant extensible entre une position dépliée dans laquelle il présente une longueur maximale suivant l'axe de référence (3) et une position repliée dans laquelle il présente une longueur minimale suivant l'axe de référence (3) et une armature (4) solidaire du soufflet (2), l'armature (4) comportant des éléments longiformes pliables (5) s'étendant longitudinalement, les éléments longiformes pliables (5) présentant une longueur choisie de façon à ce que qu'ils soient tendus lorsque le soufflet (2) est en position dépliée.

Method for detecting high-energy radiation using low voltage optimized ion chamber

A method for measuring high-energy radiation flux, comprising applying a low voltage to electrodes in an ion chamber filled with a fluid capable of forming ions through the interaction of the fluid with high energy radiation; measuring an ion current signal related to an ion current induced by the low voltage; determining a leakage current; determining a gain; determining a magnitude of the high-energy radiation flux based on the ion current signal, gain, and leakage current; and outputting the result of the magnitude of the high-energy radiation flux.

Device And Method For Measuring An Energy Particle Beam

The present invention relates to a dosimetry device for an energy particle beam from a source and including at least two ionization chambers, each of which includes a collector electrode and a polarization electrode, said electrodes in each ionization chamber being separated by a gap including a fluid, an energy beam from a single source passing through said ionization chambers, the device being characterized in that said ionization chambers have different charge collection efficiency factors. Said calculation algorithm for the dose rate deposited by said beam is based on the measurement of an output signal in each ionization chamber of the device and on a gain factor related to a first ionization chamber, said gain factor being theoretically predetermined on the basis of said intrinsic and/or extrinsic parameters of said ionization chambers.

Ion chamber based neutron detectors

A neutron detector with monolithically integrated readout circuitry, including: a bonded semiconductor die; an ion chamber formed in the bonded semiconductor die; a first electrode and a second electrode formed in the ion chamber; a neutron absorbing material filling the ion chamber; and the readout circuitry which is electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes. The bonded semiconductor die includes an etched semiconductor substrate bonded to an active semiconductor substrate. The readout circuitry is formed in a portion of the active semiconductor substrate. The ion chamber has a substantially planar first surface on which the first electrode is formed and a substantially planar second surface, parallel to the first surface, on which the second electrode is formed. Desirably, the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode may be equal to or less than the 50% attenuation length for neutrons in the neutron absorbing material filling the ion chamber.

MICROCAVITY PLASMA PANEL RADIATION DETECTOR

A position-sensitive ionizing-radiation counting detector includes a first substrate and a second substrate, and a defined gas gap between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first and second substrates comprise dielectrics and a discharge gas is contained between the first and second substrate. A microcavity structure comprising microcavities is coupled to the second substrate. An anode electrode is coupled to the first substrate and a cathode electrode is coupled to the microcavity structure on the second substrate. The detector further includes pixels defined by a microcavity and an anode electrode coupled to a cathode electrode, and a resistor coupled to each of the cathode electrodes. Each pixel may output a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with ionizing-radiation. The detector further includes a voltage bus coupled to each of the resistors and a power supply coupled to at least one of the electrodes. 1. A position-sensitive ionizing-radiation counting detector comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate coupled to the first substrate and defining a gas gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first and second substrates comprise dielectrics;a discharge gas contained between the first and second substrate;at least one microcavity coupled to the second substrate;at least one anode electrode coupled to the first substrate;at least one cathode electrode coupled to the microcavity on the second substrate;a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel is defined by a microcavity and an anode electrode coupled to a cathode electrode and each pixel is capable of generating a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with ionizing-radiation;a resistor coupled to each of the cathode electrodes;a voltage bus coupled to each of the resistors;a power supply coupled to at least one of the electrodes;a discharge event detector coupled to at least one of the electrodes for detecting a gas discharge ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RADIATION DOSIMETRY

The present invention relates to a dosimetry device () for determining a spatial distribution of a quantity of radiation incident on the dosimetry device. The device comprises a segmented electrode assembly () comprising an electrically non-conducting substrate () having a plurality of electrode elements () provided thereon, surrounded by ground electrodes. The device further comprises an electrically conducting sheet () comprising a protrusion () arranged such as to define a plurality of ionization chamber cavities () between the segmented electrode assembly () and the electrically conducting sheet (). The device also comprises a voltage applying means () for applying a voltage difference between the electrically conducting sheet () and the plurality of electrode elements () and a routing means () for routing a plurality of ionization currents corresponding to the plurality of electrode elements () to a processing means. 1. A dosimetry device for determining a spatial distribution of a quantity of radiation incident on the dosimetry device , the dosimetry device comprising: an electrically non-conducting substrate having a plurality of electrode elements provided thereon; and', 'a plurality of guard electrodes, each guard electrode being arranged around a corresponding electrode element of the plurality of electrode elements;, 'a segmented electrode assembly further includingan electrically conducting sheet having a protrusion arranged to form a plurality of ionization chamber cavities, the electrically conducting sheet being coupled with the segmented electrode assembly such that each of the plurality of ionization chamber cavities corresponds to one of the plurality of electrode elements, wherein the plurality of ionization chamber cavities are configured to be fillable with a fluid;a voltage source for applying a voltage difference between the electrically conducting sheet and the plurality of electrode elements; andone or more conductors for routing a plurality ...

MICROCAVITY PLASMA PANEL RADIATION DETECTOR

A position-sensitive ionizing-radiation counting detector includes a first substrate and a second substrate, and a defined gas gap between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first and second substrates comprise dielectrics and a discharge gas is contained between the first and second substrate. A microcavity structure comprising microcavities is coupled to the second substrate. An anode electrode is coupled to the first substrate and a cathode electrode is coupled to the microcavity structure on the second substrate. The detector further includes pixels defined by a microcavity and an anode electrode coupled to a cathode electrode, and a resistor coupled to each of the cathode electrodes. Each pixel may output a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with ionizing-radiation. The detector further includes a voltage bus coupled to each of the resistors and a power supply coupled to at least one of the electrodes. 1. A position-sensitive ionizing-radiation counting detector comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate coupled to the first substrate and defining a gas gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first and second substrates comprise dielectrics;a discharge gas contained between the first and second substrate;at least one microcavity coupled to the second substrate;at least one anode electrode coupled to the first substrate;at least one cathode electrode coupled to the microcavity on the second substrate;a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel is defined by a microcavity and an anode electrode coupled to a cathode electrode and each pixel is capable of generating a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with ionizing-radiation;a resistor coupled to each of the cathode electrodes;a voltage bus coupled to each of the resistors;a power supply coupled to at least one of the electrodes;a discharge event detector coupled to at least one of the electrodes for detecting a gas discharge ...

DOSIMETRY APPARATUS , SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

A direct ion storage (DIS) radiation detector or dosimeter has a design that is easy and low cost to manufacture using semiconductor processing techniques. The detectors include internal communications interfaces so they are easy to read. Different interfaces, including wired, e.g. USB ports, and wireless interfaces, may be used, so that the dosimeters may be read over the internet. The detectors can thus be deployed or used in a variety of detection systems and screening methods, including periodic or single time screening of people, objects, or containers at a location by means of affixed dosimeters; screening of objects, containers or people at a series of locations by means of affixed dosimeters, and surveillance of an area by monitoring moving dosimeters affixed to people or vehicles. 15-. (canceled)6. A direct ion storage (DIS) radiation dosimeter , comprising: a MOSFET having a floating gate with an exposed surface; a data conversion interface electrically connected to the MOSFET; a communications interface connected to the output of the data conversion interface; the data conversion and communications interfaces being integral to the dosimeter.7. The dosimeter of wherein the communications interface is a wired interface.8. The dosimeter of wherein the communications interface is a USB port or connection.9. The dosimeter of wherein the communications interface is a wireless interface.10. The dosimeter of wherein the communications interface includes data integrity checking and encryption.11. The dosimeter of wherein the dosimeter is connected to the interne through the communications interface.12. The dosimeter of wherein the data conversion and communications interfaces are externally powered.13. The dosimeter of wherein the data conversion and communications interfaces are powered inductively or by RF interrogation claim 12 , or by electrical connection to an external power source.14. The dosimeter of wherein the communications interface further comprises ...

DETECTOR PLATE FOR RADIATION ANALYSIS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A detector plate includes a carrier plate, especially an injection-molded carrier plate, having a plurality of detector elements for detecting ionizing radiation. The detector elements function according to the principle of a Geiger-Müller counter. To simplify the production process and to save cost, the anode and/or the cathode should be in the form of a metallization on the carrier plate of the detector plate, the metallization(s) not being present in a single plane only. This configuration offers multiple options for designing the interior used as ionization chamber and for arranging the electrodes in this space. The options for contact with additional printed circuit boards also turn out to be highly advantageous. This further has an advantageous effect on the production process and on the qualities of the radiation measurement devices using detector plates of this kind. 1. A detector plate consisting of an injection-molded carrier plate with a plurality of detector elements for detection of ionizing radiation , the detector elements being adapted for generating , with indirect or direct ionization by the ionizing radiation in an inner cavity of the respective detector element , an electrical ionization current between an anode and a cathode of the respective detector element , wherein the anode and/or the cathode is formed as an electro-conductive application not lying in a single plane on the injection-molded carrier plate.2. The detector plate according to claim 1 , whereby the carrier plate is an injection-molded plate.3. The detector plate according to claim 1 , whereby the carrier plate is a non-cutting produced and/or molded carrier plate.4. The detector plate according to claim 1 , whereby the inner cavity is formed at least partly by a deepening or a depression in the carrier plate.5. The detector plate according to claim 4 , whereby the depression of the respective detector element has an opening or two openings with one through-contact each through ...

FISSILE NEUTRON DETECTOR

A fissile neutron detection system includes a neutron moderator and a neutron detector disposed proximate such that a majority of the surface area of the neutron moderator is disposed proximate the neutron detector. Fissile neutrons impinge upon and enter the neutron moderator where the energy level of the fissile neutron is reduced to that of a thermal neutron. The thermal neutron may exit the moderator in any direction. Maximizing the surface area of the neutron moderator that is proximate the neutron detector beneficially improves the reliability and accuracy of the fissile neutron detection system by increasing the percentage of thermal neutrons that exit the neutron moderator and enter the neutron detector. 1. A fissile neutron detection system , comprising:at least a first thermal neutron detector and a second thermal neutron detector in a spaced apart confronting relationship as part of an at least generally planar layered arrangement such that each thermal neutron detector at least generally passes incident fissile neutrons therethrough and each thermal neutron detector including:a body having a shape including lateral extents and a height defining a closed chamber that contains a readout gas such that the readout gas is disposed within said closed chamber, the lateral extents of the body greater than the height of the body so as to define first and second major surfaces;at least one arrangement of active sheet material, as part of the generally planar layered arrangement, that emits ionizing particles upon exposure to thermal neutrons and the ionizing particles initiate an avalanche of ions, within said readout gas, to produce a current flow, the arrangement of active sheet material disposed within the chamber;at least one electrode within the chamber to generate an electrical output signal responsive to the current flow; andat least one neutron moderator including a pair of opposing major sides, the neutron moderator positioned between the first thermal ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT DETECTION

A device (), such as a detector or imaging device, for detecting ultraviolet light, is described. The device comprises a housing () for a chamber. Disposed within the housing is a charge carrier multiplier structure () comprising a dielectric sheet () having first and second opposite faces () and having an array of holes () traversing the dielectric sheet between the first and second faces. The device includes a photocathode () supported on the first face of the dielectric sheet, having a work function of less than 6 eV. The device includes an anode () supported on the second face of the dielectric sheet. 1. A device comprising:a housing for a chamber; anda charge carrier multiplier structure disposed within the housing;the charge carrier multiplier comprising a dielectric sheet having first and second opposite faces and having an array of holes traversing the dielectric sheet between the first and second faces, a photocathode, supported on the first face of the dielectric sheet, having a work function of less than 6 eV and an anode supported on the second face of the dielectric sheet.2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the photocathode has a work function of less than or equal to 5.0 eV claim 1 , of less than or equal to 4.5 eV claim 1 , less than or equal to 4 eV claim 1 , less than or equal to 3.5 eV claim 1 , less than or equal to 3 eV or less than or equal to 2.5 eV.3. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the photocathode includes a layer of amorphous semiconductor and claim 1 , optionally claim 1 , the semiconductor is silicon.4. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the photocathode includes a layer of an oxide semiconductor.5. A device according to claim 4 , wherein the oxide semiconductor is zinc oxide or indium oxide.6. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the photocathode includes a layer of a metal oxide.7. A device according to claim 3 , wherein the layer has a thickness less than or equal to 100 nm or less than or equal to 10 nm.8. A ...

LOW PRESSURE WIRE ION PLASMA DISCHARGE SOURCE, AND APPLICATION TO ELECTRON SOURCE WITH SECONDARY EMISSION

Disclosed is a low pressure wire ion plasma discharge source including an elongated ionization chamber housing at least two parallel anode wires extending longitudinally within the ionization chamber. A first of the at least two anode wires is connected to a DC voltage supply and a second of the at least two anode wires is connected to a pulsed voltage supply. 112345. Low pressure wire ion plasma discharge source comprising an elongated ionization chamber () housing at least two anode wires ( , ) extending longitudinally within the ionization chamber , a DC voltage supply () and a pulsed voltage supply () ,{'b': 2', '4', '3', '5, 'wherein a first () of said at least two anode wires is connected to the DC voltage supply () and a second () of said at least two anode wires is connected to the pulsed voltage supply ().'}245. Low pressure wire ion plasma discharge source according to claim 1 , further comprising several anode wires connected to the DC voltage supply () and/or several anode wires connected to the pulsed voltage supply ().34. Low pressure wire ion plasma discharge source according to claim 1 , wherein the direct current generated by the DC voltage supply () is equal to or lower than 1 m A/cm.45. Low pressure wire ion plasma discharge source according to claim 1 , wherein the pulsed voltage supply () generates a pulsed large current of 1 to 5 A/cm or more.5101112131414111512a,b. Low pressure wire ion plasma discharge source according to claim 1 , wherein the ionization chamber () comprises a main elongated chamber () and an elongated auxiliary chamber () in fluidic communication along their entire lengths through a slit () claim 1 , the at least one pulsed voltage supplied anode wire () extending longitudinally in the main chamber () and the at least one DC voltage supplied anode wire () extending longitudinally in the auxiliary chamber ().6. Electron source with secondary emission under ion bombardment in a low pressure chamber claim 1 , further comprising ...

IONIZATION CHAMBER WITH BUILT-IN TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The present disclosure relates to an ionization chamber with a built-in temperature sensor, which is especially adapted for devices, such as X-ray units, gamma irradiators and linear accelerators, whichever is used for performing radiation dose output measurement accordingly. In an embodiment, the ionization chamber comprises: a cavity, an inner electrode, a chamber wall, an outer electrode, a guard electrode and a calibrated temperature sensor for detecting real-time temperature inside the cavity of ionization chamber to be used in the correction process of radiation dose measurement signals. With the aforesaid device, not only the accuracy of measurement can be improved effectively, but also the time consumed in a radiation dose measurement period can be reduced greatly since it will no longer bear the disadvantage that the radiation dose measurement has to wait until the temperatures inside and outside the cavity of ionization chamber had reached a thermal equilibrium before the measurement. 1. An ionization chamber with a built-in temperature sensor , comprising:a cavity, being a space enclosed inside a chamber wall so as to be separated and insulated from external environment;a chamber wall, being a material fixed on a chamber stem to insulate a cavity of a ionization chamber and external environment;an outer electrode, substantially being the chamber wall when the chamber wall is made of a conductive material, or substantially being a conductive material coating on an inner surface of the chamber wall when the chamber wall is made of an insulating material;an inner electrode, connected to a cavity signal line and disposed inside the cavity while allowing an end of the inner electrode to fix to an electrode fixture;a guard electrode, disposed on an insulation substrate that is disposed at a position between the outer electrode and the inner electrode while allowing the electrical potentials of the guard electrode and the inner electrode to be maintained at the ...

Method for Stabilizing a Plasma and an Improved Ionization Chamber

A method for stabilizing a plasma is disclosed. The method includes (a) providing in an ionization chamber a number of high voltage wires and a gas suitable for forming a plasma, and (b) exposing the gas to a high voltage thereby igniting the gas to form the plasma. Upon ignition, the plasma is subjected to an amount of light. A use of the method to generate X-rays is also disclosed. The invention is further directed to an ionization chamber including (a) a gas suitable for forming a plasma, and (b) a number of high voltage wires for exposing the gas to a high voltage thereby igniting the gas to form the plasma. The ionization chamber includes a device for subjecting the plasma upon ignition to an amount of light. The invention relates to an X-ray generator including such ionization chamber and to a laser apparatus including such X-ray generator. 1. A method for stabilizing a plasma comprising:(a) providing in an ionization chamber a number of high voltage wires and a gas suitable for forming a plasma; and(b) exposing the gas to a high voltage thereby igniting the gas to form the plasma, wherein upon ignition the plasma is subjected to an amount of light.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the light has a wavelength between 10 and 1100 nanometer.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the light has a radiation energy from 100 mW to 1500 mW.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the light is continuous.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the light is substantially directed into the ionization chamber as a whole.6. The method according to further comprising the step of (c) using X-rays generated after exposing the gas to the light.7. An ionization chamber comprising:(a) a gas suitable for forming a plasma; and(b) a number of high voltage wires for exposing the gas to a high voltage thereby igniting the gas to form the plasma,wherein the ionization chamber comprises a device for subjecting the plasma upon ignition to an amount of light.8. ...

Advanced thermal neutron detectors and associated methods

A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings.

MICROCAVITY PLASMA PANEL RADIATION DETECTOR

A position-sensitive ionizing-radiation counting detector includes a first substrate and a second substrate, and a defined gas gap between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first and second substrates comprise dielectrics and a discharge gas is contained between the first and second substrate. A microcavity structure comprising microcavities is coupled to the second substrate. An anode electrode is coupled to the first substrate and a cathode electrode is coupled to the microcavity structure on the second substrate. The detector further includes pixels defined by a microcavity and an anode electrode coupled to a cathode electrode, and a resistor coupled to each of the cathode electrodes. Each pixel may output a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with ionizing-radiation. The detector further includes a voltage bus coupled to each of the resistors and a power supply coupled to at least one of the electrodes. 1a first substrate;a second substrate coupled to the first substrate and defining a gas gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first and second substrates comprise dielectrics;a discharge gas contained between the first and second substrate;at least one microcavity coupled to the second substrate;at least one anode electrode coupled to the first substrate;at least one cathode electrode coupled to the microcavity on the second substrate;a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel is defined by a microcavity and an anode electrode coupled to a cathode electrode and each pixel is capable of generating a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with ionizing-radiation;a resistor coupled to each of the cathode electrodes;a voltage bus coupled to each of the resistors;a power supply coupled to at least one of the electrodes; anda discharge event detector coupled to at least one of the electrodes for detecting a gas discharge counting event in the electrode.. A position-sensitive ionizing-radiation ...

ACTIVITY CROSS-CALIBRATION OF UNSEALED RADIONUCLIDES UTILIZING A PORTABLE ION CHAMBER

A system and method for cross-calibrating a radionuclide at two separate locations (A and B) includes the use of a portable ion chamber configured to fit within a dose calibrator, which ion chamber receives a syringe containing a known volume of a sample of a radionuclide. The portable ion chamber and dose calibrator with the syringe is transported to another location, where a second syringe, identical to the first containing a second sample of the same volume of the same radionuclide is measured in a second dose calibrator. 1. A method of cross-calibrating a radionuclide at two separate locations (A and B) comprising the steps of:{'sub': 0A', '0A, '(a) drawing up a known amount of activity, A, at location A at calibration time tinto a pre-defined volume in a first syringe;'}(b) inserting the syringe into a portable ion chamber, and placing the ion chamber into a dose calibrator,{'sub': 'iA', "(c) measuring the chamber's response by integrating charge for a period of time tand determining a calibration factor,"}(d) transferring the ion chamber and the first syringe, emptied and cleaned, or an empty second syringe identical to the first syringe, to location B;(e) drawing a second sample having the same volume of the same radionuclide into the cleaned and emptied syringe or second syringe, placing the syringe into the ion chamber, placing the ion chamber into a second dose calibrator, and measuring the ion chamber's response in the second dose calibrator for a second period of time;(f) determining the activity of the second sample by adjusting with the location A calibration factor; and(g) cross-calibrating the second dose calibrator with the first dose calibrator using the measured activity of the second sample.2. The method of wherein the measured activity of the first sample is substantially constant during the time it takes to adjust the reading of the second calibrator at location B.3. The method of wherein the activity of the second sample is continuously ...

DEVICE FOR CONVERTING RADIATION ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

A method and device convert radiation energy to electrical energy using an ionizable medium, anode, and cathode. 1. A device for converting radiation energy to electrical energy including:a radiation receiving area having an ionizable medium,a cathode positioned to receive charged particles from the ionizable medium resulting from radiation received by the radiation receiving area,an anode to receive charged particles from the ionizable medium resulting from radiation received by the radiation receiving area, the cathode and anode being electrically coupled to provide a flow path for electrical current resulting from the receipt of charged particles by the cathode and anode, anda photocell positioned to receive light energy from the radiation receiving area.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a housing defining the radiation receiving area claim 1 , housing having a reflective surface defining a majority of the surface area of the housing facing the radiation receiving area.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The device of claim 2 , wherein the reflective surface has a reflectance of at least 0.95.7. The device of claim 2 , wherein the anode and cathodes have reflective surfaces having a reflectance of at least 0.75.8. The device of claim 2 , wherein the reflective surface directs light to the photocell.9. The device of claim 1 , further including a crystal positioned between the radiation receiving area and the photocell.10. (canceled)11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cathode includes at least one of titanium claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , silver claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , iron claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , uranium claim 1 , or thorium.12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the anode includes at least one of molybdenum claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , or iron.13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ionizable medium is a noble gas.14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. The ...

Advanced thermal neutron detectors and methods

A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings.

A GAS DRIFT DETECTOR

The invention relates to a gas drift detector () comprising: a chamber formed by: a housing () having a first end and a second end; a radiation window () arranged to cover an opening of the first end of the housing (); and a substrate () arranged to cover an opening of the second end of the housing (), an anode () arranged to the substrate (), one or more conductive rings () arranged on a surface () of the substrate facing inside the chamber, and an amplifier () arranged to the opposite surface () of the substrate than the conductive rings (). The amplifier () is electrically connected to the anode (). The chamber is filled with a gas. 1. A gas drift detector comprising: a housing having a first end and a second end,', 'a radiation window arranged to cover an opening of the first end of the housing, and', 'a substrate arranged to cover an opening of the second end of the housing,, 'a chamber formed byan anode arranged to the substrate,one or more conductive rings arranged on a surface of the substrate facing inside the chamber, andan amplifier arranged to the opposite surface of the substrate than the conductive rings, wherein the amplifier is electrically connected to the anode, wherein the chamber is filled with a gas.2. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the amplifier is electrically connected to the anode by means of a bonding wire having length less than 10 mm.3. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the gas is one of the following: xenon claim 1 , krypton claim 1 , or argon claim 1 , or a mixture of hydrocarbon and one of the following: xenon claim 1 , krypton claim 1 , or argon.4. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber comprises one or more inlets for providing the gas inside the housing.5. The gas drift detector according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the radiation window comprises at least one of the following: polymer claim 1 , aluminium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , beryllium.6. The gas ...

DOSE-RATE MEASURING SYSTEM

In order to obtain a dose-rate measuring system that reduces an influence of an electromagnetic induction noise acting around an ionization chamber and a signal converter, a cabinet of the ionization chamber, shields of cables, a cabinet of the signal converter, and a cabinet of a measuring unit are connected in series, and a single-point ground is performed at the measuring unit, and other units except the grounded measuring unit are insulated from the earth, and moreover, a heatproof insulating material having water repellency is coated on a fixed portion of the ionization chamber, whereby the ionization chamber is electrically insulated from a chassis at a fixed side, and the heatproof insulating material having water repellency is coated on a connecting portion of a connector for connecting a cable to another cable, after a waterproof process is performed on the connecting portion by using a bonding tape. 1. A dose-rate measuring system comprising:an ionization chamber that detects a radiation incident from the outside and outputs ionization current;a current-signal MI cable, which is fixed to a cabinet of the ionization chamber, for transmitting the ionization current that is outputted from the ionization chamber;a high-voltage MI cable, which is fixed to the cabinet of the ionization chamber, for supplying a high voltage, by which the ionization chamber is operated, to the ionization chamber;a current-signal cable, which is connected to the current-signal MI cable via a first connector, for transmitting the ionization current that is outputted from the ionization chamber;a high-voltage cable, which is connected to the high-voltage MI cable via a second connector, for supplying a high voltage to the ionization chamber;a signal converter, to which the ionization current is inputted from the current-signal cable, that converts the ionization current into a signal, which corresponds to the ionization current, so as to output the signal, and relays the high voltage ...

FISSILE NEUTRON DETECTOR

A fissile neutron detection system includes a neutron moderator and a neutron detector disposed proximate such that a majority of the surface area of the neutron moderator is disposed proximate the neutron detector. Fissile neutrons impinge upon and enter the neutron moderator where the energy level of the fissile neutron is reduced to that of a thermal neutron. The thermal neutron may exit the moderator in any direction. Maximizing the surface area of the neutron moderator that is proximate the neutron detector beneficially improves the reliability and accuracy of the fissile neutron detection system by increasing the percentage of thermal neutrons that exit the neutron moderator and enter the neutron detector. 1. A fissile neutron detection system for detecting incident fissile neutrons , said fissile neutron detection system , comprising:an ionizing thermal neutron detector arrangement defining an inner peripheral shape that at least substantially surrounds a moderator region for detecting thermal neutrons that exit the moderator region but the incident fissile neutrons at least generally pass through the ionizing thermal neutron arrangement; anda moderator arrangement disposed within the moderator region for converting the incident fissile neutrons in the moderator region to thermal neutrons which exit the moderator region to then enter the thermal neutron detector arrangement for detection of at least some of the thermal neutrons to produce an electrical signal as a detector output with the moderator arrangement having an outer peripheral shape that is at least generally complementary to said inner peripheral shape and the moderator arrangement includes lateral extents such that any given dimension that bisects the lateral extents includes a length that is greater than any thickness of the moderator arrangement transverse to the lateral extents.2. The fissile neutron detection system of wherein the thickness of the moderator arrangement is in a range from 1 cm ...

ION CHAMBER ENCLOSURE MATERIAL TO INCREASE GAMMA RADIATION SENSITIVITY

A radiation detection assembly that includes an ionization chamber having a cathode and an anode. The ionization chamber detects radiation that passes into the ionization chamber. The assembly includes an exterior enclosure defining a hollow internal volume within which the ionization chamber is enclosed. The exterior enclosure includes at least two layers. At least one of the layers provides an electromagnetic shield to the hollow internal volume and the ionization chamber enclosed therein. 1. A radiation detection assembly including:an ionization chamber having a cathode and an anode, and the ionization chamber detecting radiation that passes into the ionization chamber; andan exterior enclosure defining a hollow internal volume within which the ionization chamber is enclosed, the exterior enclosure including at least two layers, at least one of the layers providing an electromagnetic shield to the hollow internal volume and the ionization chamber enclosed therein.2. The radiation detection assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the layers providing an electromagnetic shield is a shielding layer and the shielding layer is on an interior of the exterior enclosure.3. The radiation detection assembly of claim 2 , wherein the ionization chamber is spaced a distance apart from the shielding layer of the exterior enclosure.4. The radiation detection assembly of claim 2 , wherein open air space is present between the ionization chamber and the shielding layer of the exterior enclosure within the exterior enclosure claim 2 , and the open air space comprises the bulk between the ionization chamber and the shielding layer.5. The radiation detection assembly of claim 1 , wherein the shielding layer includes an electrically conductive material.6. The radiation detection assembly of claim 5 , wherein the shielding layer includes a nickel material.7. The radiation detection assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one layer of the exterior enclosure includes a non- ...

HIGH PRESSURE ION CHAMBER ENCLOSURE SUPPORT MOUNT

A radiation detection assembly includes an ionization chamber for detecting radiation. An exterior enclosure houses the ionization chamber within an interior volume. A pair of support structures support the ionization chamber with respect to the exterior enclosure. The support structures are disposed opposite each other at a surface of the ionization chamber such that the ionization chamber is symmetric with respect to an axis extending between the support structures. A method of supporting the radiation detection assembly is also provided. 1. A radiation detection assembly including:an ionization chamber for detecting radiation;an exterior enclosure housing the ionization chamber within an interior volume; anda pair of support structures supporting the ionization chamber with respect to the exterior enclosure, the support structures being disposed opposite each other at a surface of the ionization chamber such that the ionization chamber is symmetric with respect to an axis extending between the support structures.2. The radiation detection assembly of claim 1 , wherein the exterior enclosure includes a first enclosure portion and a second enclosure portion.3. The radiation detection assembly of claim 2 , wherein the pair of support structures includes a first support structure and a second support structure.4. The radiation detection assembly of claim 3 , wherein the first enclosure portion includes a retaining structure for engaging the first support structure and limiting movement of the ionization chamber with respect to the first enclosure portion.5. The radiation detection assembly of claim 4 , wherein the first support structure includes a shoulder claim 4 , the first support structure being received within the retaining structure such that an end of the retaining structure engages the shoulder.6. The radiation detection assembly of claim 3 , wherein the first support structure includes a substantially hollow internal chamber that is sized and shaped to ...

Sensors with virtual spatial sensitivity for monitoring a radiation generating device

Various embodiments are described herein for sensors that may be used to measure radiation from radiation generating device. The sensors may use a collector plate electrode with first and second collection regions having shapes that are inversely related with one another to provide ion chambers with varying sample volumes along a substantial portion of the first and second collection regions which provides virtual spatial sensitivity during use.

Method and Apparatus for Monitoring a Charged Particle Beam

An ionization chamber with spatial distribution electrode for monitor hadron beam currents used for therapeutic treatment. Ionization chamber comprises humidity control, environmental sensing and real-time correction thereof. A flexible hermetic seal provide for ambient pressure equalization. X-Y electrode planes measure Gaussian distribution of incident particle beam. Methods described herein are suitable to fabricate highly accurate, low scattering electrodes with high spatial resolutions. 1. An ionization chamber comprising:a first electrode plane comprising a first plurality of conductive elements;a second electrode plane substantially parallel to said first electrode plane, the second electrode plane comprising a second plurality of conductive elements oriented substantially orthogonally to first plurality of conductive elements;a flexible hermetic seal preventing mixing of a gas within said ionization chamber with surrounding ambient gases;one or more environmental sensors integrated within said ionization chamber and sensing one or more corresponding aspects of said gas within said ionization chamber; anda desiccant cartridge disposed in the interior of said ionization chamber.2. The ionization chamber of claim 1 , further comprising current sensors electrically coupled to said first and second pluralities of conductive elements.3. The ionization chamber of claim 1 , wherein said first and second electrode planes comprise a metallized polymer.4. The ionization chamber of claim 3 , wherein said first and second pluralities of conductive elements are created by laser ablation of polyimide film.5. The ionization chamber of claim 1 , further comprising a gas flow valve.6. The ionization chamber of claim 1 , further comprising one or more integral plane electrodes which define gas gaps for measuring directly the total current of the particle beam.7. The ionization chamber of claim 1 , further comprising one or more conductive planes offset from said first and ...

Charge carrier multiplier structure

A charge carrier multiplier structure for a light sensor, in particular an ultraviolet light sensor, is described. The charge carrier multiplier structure comprises a dielectric sheet having first and second opposite faces and having an array of holes traversing the dielectric sheet between the first and second faces, at least two photocathodes supported on the first face of the dielectric sheet that are electrically isolated from each other and which define at least two sensing regions, each photocathode having a respective work function and quantum yield and having a respective area and at least one anode supported on the second face of the dielectric sheet.

PROTON IRRADIATION USING SPOT SCANNING

In one embodiment of the invention, a method for irradiating a target is disclosed. A proton beam is generated using a cyclotron. A first information is provided to an energy selection system. An energy level for the protons is selected using an energy selection system based on the first information. The first information comprises a depth of said target. The proton beam is routed from the cyclotron through a beam transfer line to a scanning system. A second information is provided to the scanning system. The second information comprises a pair of transversal coordinates. The proton beam is guided to a location on the target determined by the second information using a magnet structure. The target is irradiated with the protons. 1. A method for irradiating a target comprising the steps of:generating a proton beam using a cyclotron, said proton beam being comprised of a set of protons;providing a first information to an energy selection system;selecting an energy level for said set of protons using said energy selection system based on said first information, said first information comprising a depth of said target;routing said proton beam from said cyclotron through a beam transfer line to a scanning system;providing a second information to said scanning system, said second information comprising a pair of transversal coordinates and target dose;guiding said proton beam using a magnet structure to a location on said target determined by said second information; andirradiating said target with said set of protons,wherein said magnet structure comprises a magnet power supply powering said magnet structure, said magnet power supply being controlled based on an energy of said proton beam and a beam position at a target of said proton beam.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said magnet structure comprises a plurality of magnet sets claim 1 , wherein said magnet power supply comprises a plurality of magnet power supplies claim 1 , each magnet power supply of the plurality ...

ADVANCED THERMAL NEUTRON DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS

A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings. 1. A thermal neutron detector for detecting thermal neutrons , said thermal neutron detector comprising:a housing defining a housing cavity;an ionization detector module having a peripheral outline that is complementary to the housing within the housing cavity, the ionization detector module having a length, a width and a height with the height being less than each of the length and the width, the ionization detector module including a framework to which an active sheet layer is fixedly attached, the framework including an opposing pair of lengthwise side margins extending between another pair of widthwise side margins to define a rectangular shape supporting the active sheet layer to span at least a majority of said length and width and a support to engage at least one of the lengthwise side margins of the framework to apply a tension force to the framework between the lengthwise side margins such that the active sheet layer is under tension across the width of the ionization detector module;an ...

Apparatus for Measuring Ionizing Radiation

An apparatus for measuring ionizing radiation includes a detector having a cathode, an anode, a counting gas between the cathode and the anode for generating gas ionization by ionizing radiation, a voltage source for applying a voltage between the cathode and the anode, and a current measuring device for measuring a detector current between the cathode and the anode. The detector current is generated in the counting gas by the ionizing radiation. The apparatus further includes a setting device, wherein the setting device is configured for independently setting the apparatus into different operating modes depending on the measured detector current, and/or wherein the setting device is configured for independently setting the apparatus into different measurement ranges depending on the measured detector current. 1. An apparatus for measuring ionizing radiation , comprising: a cathode,', 'an anode,', 'a counting gas between the cathode and the anode for generating gas ionization by ionizing radiation,', 'a voltage source for applying a voltage between the cathode and the anode, and', 'a current measuring device for measuring a detector current between the cathode and the anode, said detector current being generated in the counting gas by the ionizing radiation; and, '(a) a detector comprising(b) a setting device,wherein the setting device is configured for independently setting the apparatus into different operating modes depending on the measured detector current, and/orwherein the setting device is configured for independently setting the apparatus into different measurement ranges depending on the measured detector current.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe setting device is configured to set the different operating modes and/or the different measurement ranges depending on whether the measured detector current exceeds a first threshold value or falls below a second threshold value.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe different ...

RADIATION MEASURING INSTRUMENT AND RADIATION IMAGING APPARATUS

The radiation measuring instrument is configured such that a control unit () corrects radiation dose information according to a measured value of a barometer () based on both a first ionization current caused by electrons generated by interaction between radiation and air and a second ionization current caused by electrons generated by interaction between the radiation and an incident-side electrode (). 1. A radiation measuring instrument comprising:an ionization chamber including an incident-side electrode provided at an incident port on which radiation is incident and an exit-side electrode provided at an exit port, the ionization chamber being configured to measure an ionization current generated by radiation transmitted through the incident-side electrode;a barometer configured to measure atmospheric pressure in the ionization chamber; anda control unit configured to obtain radiation dose information based on the ionization current,wherein the control unit is configured to correct the radiation dose information according to a measured value of the barometer based on both a first ionization current caused by electrons generated by interaction between radiation and air and a second ionization current caused by electrons generated by interaction between the radiation and the incident-side electrode.2. The radiation measuring instrument as recited in claim 1 ,wherein the control unit is configured to correct the radiation dose information based on a first ratio that is a ratio of the first ionization current to an entire ionization current, an air-side sensitivity ratio that represents sensitivity of the air in the ionization chamber to an atmospheric pressure change, a second ratio that is a ratio of the second ionization current to the entire ionization current, and an electrode-side sensitivity ratio that represents sensitivity of the incident-side electrode to the atmospheric pressure change.3. The radiation measuring instrument as recited in claim 2 , {'br': ...

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING RADON AND THORON BY USING IONIZATION CHAMBER

An apparatus for measuring radon and thoron using an ionization chamber is proposed. The apparatus includes: a pump for air inflow suctioning and sending external air to at least one channel; a first sensor module outputting an alpha particle detection signal of an electrical signal by detecting alpha (α) particles discharged from radon and thoron; an air inflow delay module delaying air for a predetermined delay time and then outputting the air; a second sensor module outputting an alpha particle detection signal of an electrical signal by detecting alpha (α) particles discharged from radon and thoron; and a control module discriminating normal or abnormal alpha particle detection signals, counting the normal alpha particle detection signals discriminated for a predetermined measurement time, and calculating radioactive ray concentration values on the basis of the counted number of times of the normal alpha particle detection signals. 1. An apparatus for measuring radon and thoron using an ionization chamber , the apparatus comprising:a pump for air inflow suctioning and sending external air to at least one channel;a first sensor module receiving the air sent from the pump for air inflow through a first gas line in the first channel, and outputting an alpha particle detection signal of an electrical signal by detecting alpha (α) particles discharged from radon and thoron included in the air flowing in an ionization chamber having a predetermined size;an air inflow delay module receiving the air sent from the pump for air inflow through a second gas line in a second channel, delaying the air for a predetermined delay time, and then outputting the air;a second sensor module receiving air output from the air inflow delay module and outputting an alpha particle detection signal of an electrical signal by detecting alpha (α) particles discharged from radon and thoron included in the air flowing in the ionization chamber having a predetermined size; anda control module ...

FISSILE NEUTRON DETECTOR

A fissile neutron detection system includes a neutron moderator and a neutron detector disposed proximate such that a majority of the surface area of the neutron moderator is disposed proximate the neutron detector. Fissile neutrons impinge upon and enter the neutron moderator where the energy level of the fissile neutron is reduced to that of a thermal neutron. The thermal neutron may exit the moderator in any direction. Maximizing the surface area of the neutron moderator that is proximate the neutron detector beneficially improves the reliability and accuracy of the fissile neutron detection system by increasing the percentage of thermal neutrons that exit the neutron moderator and enter the neutron detector. 1. A fissile neutron detection system for detecting incident fissile neutrons , said fissile neutron detection system , comprising:an ionizing thermal neutron detector arrangement including an inner peripheral shape that at least substantially surrounds a moderator region for detecting thermal neutrons that exit the moderator region but is at least generally transparent to the incident fissile neutrons; anda moderator arrangement disposed within the moderator region for converting the incident fissile neutrons in the moderator region to thermal neutrons which exit the moderator region to then enter the thermal neutron detector arrangement for detection of at least some of the thermal neutrons to produce an electrical current as a detector output with the moderator arrangement having an outer peripheral shape that is at least generally complementary to said inner peripheral shape and the moderator arrangement includes lateral extents such that any given dimension that bisects the lateral extents includes a length that is greater than any thickness of the moderator arrangement transverse to the lateral extents.2. The fissile neutron detection system of wherein the thickness of the moderator arrangement is in a range from 1 cm to 5 cm.3. The fissile neutron ...

BEAM PROFILE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

A beam profile measurement (BPM) system is described including a BPM phantom including a tank to house liquid, a dosimeter disposed in the tank to detect ionization of a radiation beam emitted from a linear accelerator (LINAC), and a positioning device to move the dosimeter in a vertical direction. The BPM system also includes a BPM controller to operably couple to the BPM phantom and the LINAC. A method is described including positioning, using a BPM controller, a dosimeter of the BPM phantom in a first location, positioning, using the BPM controller, the LINAC in a second location, performing, using the BPM controller, a first movement of the LINAC from the second location to a third location, emitting a radiation beam from the LINAC during the first movement, and performing, via the dosimeter, an ion measurement of the radiation beam during the emitting. 1. A method comprising:positioning, using a beam profile measurement (BPM) controller operably coupled to a BPM phantom and a linear accelerator (LINAC), a dosimeter of the BPM phantom in a first location;positioning, using the BPM controller, the LINAC in a second location;performing, using the BPM controller, a first movement of the LINAC from the second location to a third location;emitting a radiation beam from the LINAC during the first movement; andperforming, via the dosimeter, an ion measurement of the radiation beam during the emitting.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the performing of the first movement comprises moving the LINAC in one or more horizontal diagonal directions;the dosimeter is stationary during the emitting;the emitting forms an irradiation field; andthe performing of the ion measurement comprises comparing a plurality of off-center ratio (OCR) measurements at a plurality of angles of the irradiation field to a radiation field of a round shape.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the performing of the first movement comprises moving the LINAC in a circular direction;the dosimeter is ...

Methods and Apparatus for Predicting Performance of a Measurement Method, Measurement Method and Apparatus

A radiation source arrangement causes interaction between pump radiation () and a gaseous medium () to generate EUV or soft x-ray radiation by higher harmonic generation (HHG). The operating condition of the radiation source arrangement is monitored by detecting () third radiation () resulting from an interaction between condition sensing radiation and the medium. The condition sensing radiation () may be the same as the first radiation or it may be separately applied. The third radiation may be for example a portion of the condition sensing radiation that is reflected or scattered by a vacuum-gas boundary, or it may be lower harmonics of the HHG process, or fluorescence, or scattered. The sensor may include one or more image detectors so that spatial distribution of intensity and/or the angular distribution of the third radiation may be analyzed. Feedback control based on the determined operating condition stabilizes operation of the HHG source. 158-. (canceled)59. A radiation source arrangement operable to cause an interaction between first radiation and a medium and thereby to generate second radiation by higher harmonic generation , the radiation source arrangement further comprising:at least one sensor configured to detect third radiation resulting from an interaction between condition sensing radiation and the medium, the third radiation having a character different than the second radiation; anda processor configured to determine an operating condition of the radiation source arrangement based at least partly on the detected third radiation.60. The radiation source arrangement of claim 59 , wherein the first radiation serves also as the condition sensing radiation.61. The radiation source arrangement of claim 59 , wherein the condition sensing radiation is different to the first radiation.62. The radiation source arrangement of claim 59 , wherein the sensor is arranged to receive the third radiation traveling from the medium in a direction different to the ...

Sensitivity correction method for dose monitoring device and particle beam therapy system

In a particle beam therapy system which scans a particle beam and irradiates the particle beam to an irradiation position of an irradiation subject and has a dose monitoring device for measuring a dose of the particle beam and an ionization chamber smaller than the dose monitoring device, the ionization chamber measuring a dose of a particle beam passing through the dose monitoring device, the dose of the particle beam irradiated by the dose monitoring device is measured; the dose of the particle beam passing through the dose monitoring device is measured by the small ionization chamber; and a correction coefficient of the dose measured by the dose monitoring device corresponding to the irradiation position is found based on the dose of the particle beam measured by the small ionization chamber.

ADVANCED THERMAL NEUTRON DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS

A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings. 1. A thermal neutron detector for detecting thermal neutrons , said thermal neutron detector comprising:a main housing body defining first and second opposing end openings and a housing cavity therebetween;an ionization detector module having a peripheral outline that is complementary to the main housing body within the housing cavity and is slidably receivable in an installed position within the housing cavity, the ionization detector module having a length, a width and a height with the height being less than each of the length and the width and supporting an active sheet layer to span at least a majority of said length and width;an electrode arrangement including at least a first electrode and a second electrode within said main housing body in a spaced apart relationship with said active sheet layer, with the ionization detector module in the installed position, such that each of the first electrode and the second electrode is oppositely proximate to one of a pair of opposing major surfaces of the ...

SPHERICAL DEVICE FOR DETECTING PARTICLES OR RADIATION

A device for detecting includes a cathode forming a hollow sphere, filled with an ionisation and amplification gas, and an anode placed at the centre of the hollow sphere by the intermediary of a maintaining cane, wherein the anode is formed by an insulating ball and by at least two conductive balls positioned around the insulating ball and at the same predetermined distance from the insulating ball. 2. The device for detecting as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said at least two conductive balls are connected to said insulating ball by the intermediary of support rods placed perpendicularly to a surface of said insulating ball.3. The device for detecting as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said support rods are hollow.4. The device for detecting according to claim 1 , wherein said insulating ball and/or said at least two conductive balls are hollow.5. The device for detecting according to claim 1 , wherein said at least two conductive balls are evenly distributed around said insulating ball.6. The device for detecting according to claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises at least eight conductive balls.7. The device for detecting according to claim 6 , wherein the anode comprises fourteen conductive balls.8. The device for detecting according to claim 1 , wherein said maintaining cane comprises an insulating element positioned in the vicinity of the anode.9. The device for detecting according to claim 8 , wherein said insulating element has the shape of a plate positioned according to a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the maintaining cane.10. The device for detecting according to claim 8 , wherein said insulating element has a tapered shape defined by a shaft and a top claim 8 , with the shaft of the cone being borne by the maintaining cane and the top of said cone being directed towards the anode.11. The device for detecting according to claim 1 , wherein said maintaining cane is hollow in such a way as to allow the crossing of a system for electrical ...

A DETECTOR FOR RADIATION, PARTICULARLY HIGH ENERGY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

A detector for radiation, particularly high energy electromagnetic radiation is provided. The detector includes a converting section including a cathode for converting the radiation incident on the converting section in electrons by the photoelectric effect. The detector further includes a gas electron multiplier for generating an electron avalanche from electrons which are generated by the converting section and enter the gas electron multiplier, the gas electron multiplier including a first electrode, a dielectric layer and a second electrode, the first electrode being disposed at a first side of the dielectric layer adjacent to the converting section and the second electrode being disposed at a second side of the dielectric layer opposite to the first side. The gas electron multiplier includes a number of holes filled with gas, the holes extending through the first electrode, the dielectric layer and the second electrode. 1. A detector for radiation , comprising:a converting section including a cathode for converting the radiation incident on the converting section in electrons by a photoelectric effect;a gas electron multiplier for generating an electron avalanche from the electrons that are generated by the converting section and enter the gas electron multiplier, the gas electron multiplier comprising a first electrode, a dielectric layer and a second electrode, the first electrode being disposed at a first side of the dielectric layer adjacent to the converting section and the second electrode being disposed at a second side of the dielectric layer opposite to the first side, wherein the gas electron multiplier comprises a plurality of holes filled with gas, the plurality of holes extending through the first electrode, the dielectric layer and the second electrode; anda detector anode adjacent to the second electrode for detecting the electron Avalanche, wherein the detector anode extends at each hole of the plurality of holes of the gas electron multiplier ...

Radioactive gas measurement apparatus and failed fuel inspection apparatus

A radioactive gas measurement apparatus comprises: a radiation measurement cell comprising an inlet pipe and a discharge pipe, the radiation measurement cell introducing and discharging a radioactive gas containing a nuclide to be measured and a positron emitter nuclide through the inlet pipe and the discharge pipe; a radiation detector for measuring a radiation generated from the radioactive gas; and a radiation collimator allowing the radiation measurement cell to communicate with the radiation detector and setting a predetermined radiation measurement geometry condition between the radiation measurement cell and the radiation detector. Then, as the predetermined radiation measurement geometry condition, an inner wall area of the radiation measurement cell which the radiation detector views through the radiation collimator is set equal to or less than a half of a total inner wall area of the radiation measurement cell.

ELECTRONIC AMPLIFYING SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRONIC AMPLIFYING SUBSTRATE

An electronic amplifying substrate, including: a glass base material having an insulating property; conductive layers formed on both main surfaces of the glass base material; and a plurality of through holes formed on a lamination body of the glass base material and the conductive layer, wherein an electric field is formed in the through hole by a potential difference between both conductive layers during application of a voltage to a surface of the conductive layer so that an electron avalanche amplification occurs in the through hole, and an insulation part is formed on at least one main surface of the glass base material, with one of the end portions of the insulation part formed to surround an opening part of the through hole of the glass base material, and the other end portion formed in contact with the end portions of the conductive layers. 2. The electronic amplifying substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the end portion of the conductive layer on at least one main surface of the glass base material claim 1 , is formed so as to retreat from the opening part of the through hole of the glass base material.3. The electronic amplifying substrate according to claim 2 , which is disposed between a drift electrode and a read electrode constituting a detector claim 2 ,wherein the end portion of the conductive layer formed on a main surface opposed to the read electrode, is retreated from the opening part of the through hole of the glass base material.4. The electronic amplifying substrate according to claim 2 , which is disposed between the drift electrode and the read electrode constituting the detector claim 2 ,wherein in a cross-sectional surface of the electronic amplifying substrate, the end portions of the conductive layer formed on both of the main surfaces are retreated from the opening part of the through hole of the glass base material.5. The electronic amplifying substrate according to claim 1 , wherein a corner portion of the through hole formed on ...

表面汚染検出器

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Manufacture of electrode plate supporting substrate for radiant ray detector

Radiant ray detector

Radiation detector

Manufacture of radiation detector

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Radiation meter with an ionization chamber provided with two anodes

Method for detecting high-energy radiation using a low-voltage optimized ion chamber

Verfahren zum Messen eines hochenergetischen Strahlungsflusses, aufweisend: Anlegen einer Niederspannung an Elektroden in einer Ionenkammer, die mit einem Fluid gefüllt ist, das Ionen durch Wechselwirkung des Fluids mit der hochenergetischen Strahlung ausbilden kann, wobei die Niederspannung in einem Bereich von etwa 5 V bis etwa 20 V liegt und wobei das Fluid Bortrifluorid, Helium-3 und Lithium-6 aufweist; Messen eines Ionenstromsignals, das mit einem Ionenstrom in Beziehung steht, der durch die Niederspannung induziert wird; Bestimmen eines Leckstroms; Bestimmen einer Verstärkung; Bestimmung einer Größe des hochenergetischen Strahlungsflusses basierend auf dem Ionenstromsignal, der Verstärkung und dem Leckstrom; und Ausgeben des Ergebnisses der Größe des hochenergetischen Strahlungsflusses. A method of measuring a high energy radiant flux, comprising: Applying a low voltage to electrodes in an ion chamber filled with a fluid capable of forming ions by interaction of the fluid with the high energy radiation, wherein the low voltage ranges from about 5V to about 20V, and wherein the fluid comprises boron trifluoride, helium-3 and lithium-6; Measuring an ion current signal related to an ion current induced by the low voltage; Determining a leakage current; Determining a gain; Determining a magnitude of the high energy radiant flux based on the ionic current signal, the gain, and the leakage current; and Output the result of the size of the high-energy radiation flux.

Detector of radiation

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Detector for radiation

Small Ionization Camera

Moisture-proof ionization smoke detector

An ionization smoke detector of the present invention has an annular engaging flange portion formed integrally on the periphery of an insulating board and an engaging groove formed on a cover, so that a circuitry-accommodating portion may be moisture- and gas-tightly sealed merely by inserting the flange portion into the groove, without using special sealing members such as ruber packing members. In an intermediate electrode mounting structure of the present invention, support legs are formed integrally on the periphery of the intermediate electrode which may be simply inserted into an opening of the insulating board to fix and support the intermediate electrode, without using screws etc. Thus, a space needed to mount the intermediate electrode can be minimized. An electrode lead is connected to a lead of an FET insulatedly potted at an appropriate place on the backside of the insulating board with a hot melt synthetic resin. This can prevent possible penetration of moisture or corrosive gases into the circuitry-accommodating portion by the insulation sealing of the FET, even though the electrode lead passes through an opening of the insulating board. Thus, corrosion of the circuit parts can surely be avoided.

Radiation Sensor And Method For Measuring Steel-Sheet Thickness With Improving Sensitivity By Using Wire Electrode And Pressurized Mixed-Gas

본 발명은 비활성 기체를 포함하는 혼합 기체가 충진된 금속 이온 챔버를 이용하여 철판 두께를 측정할 수 있는 철판 두께 측정용 방사선 센서에 있어서, The present invention is a radiation sensor for measuring the thickness of the iron plate thickness can be measured using a metal ion chamber filled with a mixed gas containing an inert gas, 내부에 와이어 형태의 수집 전극을 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내부 압력이 낮고 효율적인 측정이 가능한 철판 두께 측정용 방사선 센서 및 상기 방사선 센서를 이용하여 철판 두께를 측정하는 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a radiation sensor for measuring sheet thickness, which enables a low internal pressure, and to efficiently measure a sheet thickness, and a method of measuring sheet thickness using the radiation sensor. 본 발명에 의하면 이온 챔버 내부의 수집 전극으로 인한 공간의 손실을 보완하여 이온 챔버의 내부 압력을 줄일 수 있고, 나아가 이온 챔버 내부의 이온화된 기체 이온 및 전자의 드리프트 속도를 향상시켜 적은 양의 비활성 기체로도 높은 측정 감도를 나타낼 수 있는 효율적인 방사선 센서를 제공할 수 있다. According to the present invention, the internal pressure of the ion chamber can be reduced by compensating for the loss of space due to the collection electrode inside the ion chamber, and further, the drift rate of the ionized gas ions and electrons inside the ion chamber is improved to reduce the amount of inert gas. It is also possible to provide an efficient radiation sensor that can exhibit high measurement sensitivity. 고전압 전극, 수집 전극, W-Value, 드리프트 속도 High Voltage Electrode, Collection Electrode, W-Value, Drift Rate

Ionization chamber for radiometric measuring instruments

Gas-ionization matrix detector for radiographic analyses

FIELD: investigating high-energy roentgen or gamma rays. SUBSTANCE: detector depends for its operation on ionization effect of secondary electrons produced due to interaction between rays and working gas supplied under pressure. It has many ionization-chamber matrix units mounted on frame. Each unit has cover 1, port 2, electrode set 3 with supporting member 4, side walls 5, insulators 6 with cermet packing, working-gas outlet port 7, and stiffening ribs 8. Each unit is filled with working gas held at pressure of 10 6 to 10 7 Pa. Central axis of each matrix unit is aimed at radiation source. Object to be analyzed is wholly placed in field of vision of matrix detector. EFFECT: improved detecting efficiency and image quality. 13 cl, 7 dwg ЗЕрРДУГС ПЧ Го (19) РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ ВИ "” 2 147 138. (51) МПК? 13) С1 С О1Т 141/185, Н 01 + 47/00, 47/102 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 95122278/06, 31.01.1994 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 31.01.1994 (30) Приоритет: 18.03.1993 СМ 93102728.4 (46) Дата публикации: 21.03.2000 (56) Ссылки: СМ 86108035 А, 16.09.87. СВ 2130002 А, 23.05.84. СВ 1588538 А, 23.04.81. $0 1804632 АЗ, 23.03.93. 54 811367 А, 07.03.81. ЗЧ 1607174 А, 26.02.64. 5Ц 408638 А, 14.05.74. 4$ 4625117 А, 25.11.86. ЕК 2551362 А, 28.06.85. ОЕ 3248184 А, 18.04.85. (85) Дата перевода заявки РСТ на национальную фазу: 18.10.1995 (86) Заявка РСТ: СМ 94100008 (31.01.1994) (87) Публикация РСТ: М/О 94/22163 (29.09.1994) (98) Адрес для переписки: 129010, Москва, ул.Большая Спасская, 25, стр.3, "Городисский и партнеры", Емельянову Е.И. (71) Заявитель: Тсингхуа Юниверсити (СМ) (72) Изобретатель: Йиганг Ан (СМ), Хайфенг ВУ (СМ) (73) Патентообладатель: Тсингхуа Юниверсити (СМ) (54) МАТРИЧНЫЙ ДЕТЕКТОР ИОНИЗАЦИИ ГАЗА ДЛЯ РАДИОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к матричным детекторам ионизации газа для радиографических исследований рентгеновского или у -излучения высокой энергии и ...

Detector for radiation

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

A Cavity Ionization Chamber comprising graphene electrode

본 발명은 챔버를 구성하는 전리함벽; 상기 챔버 내부 일정 면에 위치하는 고전압 전극; 및 상기 챔버 내부의 중심 영역에 위치하는 수집전극을 포함하며, 상기 고전압 전극은 그래핀 재질인 것을 특징으로 하는 공동 전리함에 관한 것이다. 공동전리함의 고전압 전극으로 그래핀을 사용함으로써, 고전압 전극의 금속두께에 따른 챔버 내부로 유입되는 방사선의 양이 감소하여 이온형성이 적어 저 에너지 방사선 측정이 어려워, 그래핀 전극의 특성이 초전도성과 초박막성을 갖는 전극으로 제작하면 방사선측정의 효율향상을 목적으로 도입된 그래핀 전극으로 구성된 공동전리조이다. The present invention relates to a chamber wall comprising a chamber wall; A high voltage electrode located on a predetermined surface in the chamber; And a collecting electrode located in a central region within the chamber, wherein the high voltage electrode is a graphene material. The use of graphene as a high-voltage electrode in a co-ionizer reduces the amount of radiation entering the chamber due to the thickness of the metal of the high-voltage electrode, making it difficult to measure low-energy radiation due to low ion formation, And a graphene electrode formed for the purpose of improving the efficiency of radiation measurement.

Detector and method for detection of ionizing radiation

검출기는 이온화 가능한 물질로 채워진 챔버(13), 방사선(1)이 제 1전극 및 제 2전극의 사이에 그리고 제 1전극 및 제 2전극과 평행하게 챔버내로 들어가서 이온화될 수 있도록 배열되는 제 1전극(17, 19) 및 제 2전극(21), 전자 애벌런치 증폭기, 및 판독부(29)를 포함하며, 여기에서, 상기 전극은 이온화 시에 생성되는 전자를 표류시키기에 적합하고 상기 애벌런치 증폭기는 전자를 증폭시키기에 적합하며 상기 판독부는 전자 애벌런치를 검출하기에 적합하다. 상기 챔버는 우선 챔버에 들어가는 방사선이 상기 전극들의 사이에 제 1거리(d 1 )를 갖는 제 1챔버부에 들어가고, 그 다음에 상기 전극들의 사이에 상기 제 1거리(d 1 )와 상이한 제 2거리(d 2 )를 갖는 제 2챔버부에 들어가도록 디자인되고, 그리고 상기 판독부는 각각의 챔버부에서 이온화로부터 유도가능한 전자 애벌런치가 별개로 검출가능하도록 배열된다. The detector is a chamber 13 filled with an ionizable material, a first electrode arranged such that radiation 1 can be ionized by entering the chamber between the first and second electrodes and parallel to the first and second electrodes. (17, 19) and a second electrode 21, an electron avalanche amplifier, and a readout unit 29, wherein the electrode is suitable for drift of electrons generated upon ionization and the avalanche amplifier Is suitable for amplifying electrons and the readout is suitable for detecting electronic avalanches. The chamber first enters a first chamber portion in which radiation entering the chamber has a first distance d 1 between the electrodes, and then a second, different from the first distance d 1 , between the electrodes. It is designed to enter a second chamber portion having a distance d 2 , and the readout portion is arranged such that an electron avalanche derivable from ionization in each chamber portion is detectable separately. 방사선, 검출기 Radiation detector

Detector readout interface for avalanche particle detector

X-ray detecting element

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Patent JPH0130116B2

DEVICE FOR MEASURING LOCAL ABSORPTION DIFFERENCES IN A BIOLOGICAL OBJECT

AFIN DE COMPENSER DES SIGNAUX PARASITES (EFFET MICROPHONIQUE) DANS UN DISPOSITIF SERVANT A LA MESURE DE DIFFERENCES D'ABSORPTION LOCALE, ON A AJOUTE UNE SOURCE DE TENSION ALTERNATIVE A LA SOURCE FOURNISSANT LA HAUTE TENSION A UNE ELECTRODE DE HAUTE TENSION D'UN DETECTEUR REMPLI D'UN GAZ. AU CIRCUIT DE MESURE EST INCORPORE UN CIRCUIT DE COMPENSATION DE DEMODULATION A L'AIDE DUQUEL LE SIGNAL D'EFFET MICROPHONIQUE EST SELECTIONNE ET LE SIGNAL DE MESURE EST DEMUNI DE CE SIGNAL. APPLICATION: APPAREILLAGE RADIOGRAPHIQUE MEDICAL. IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR PARASITE SIGNALS (MICROPHONIC EFFECT) IN A DEVICE FOR MEASURING LOCAL ABSORPTION DIFFERENCES, AN ALTERNATIVE VOLTAGE SOURCE WAS ADDED TO THE SOURCE PROVIDING THE HIGH VOLTAGE TO A HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRODE REPLACING A OF A GAS. IN THE MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT IS INCORPORATED A DEMODULATION COMPENSATION CIRCUIT USING WHICH THE MICROPHONIC EFFECT SIGNAL IS SELECTED AND THE MEASURING SIGNAL IS DECLINED OF THIS SIGNAL. APPLICATION: MEDICAL RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT.

Ionisation chamber - with increased sensitivity for alpha- and beta- radiation

Ionisation chamber for measuring the relative activities of emitter sources, comprising a first plane electrode connected to a source of high tension, a second electrode consisting of concentric unconnected washers, which can be opt. connected together as a whole by means of brushes, situated in a plane parallel to that of the first electrode and provided with a central orifice where a mobile source -carrying plate allows the source which is to be measured, to be raised into the plane of the second electrode from the concealed insertion position. More especially the source carrying plate is mounted on a telescopic support which can control its axial position relative to the collector electrode.

Radiation detector operating in Townsend plateau region - has gas-filled enclosure containing high tension and collecting electrodes

A radiation derector is described in which one or more derectors are fixed w.r.t. a radiating system. It comprises an enclosure with flat electrodes (4, 5) orientated onto the radiating system, the enclosure being filled with an electrically insulating medium, e.g. a gas - pref. xenon. The derector operates in the Townsend plateau region. The enclosure contains two high tension electrodes (4) between which is a collecting electrode (15). Another gas may be added to the main gas in order to increase the elector capture power of the derector. Various alternative electrode configurations are described.

Ionisation chamber detector system - for determination of activity of gamma- or x-ray sources

IONIZATION SMOKE DETECTOR

Un détecteur de fumée par ionisation suivant la présente invention comporte une collerette d'insertion annulaire formant corps sur la périphérie d'une plaque isolante 6 et une encoche à emboîtement aménagée sur un couvercle 3 de sorte que la section renfermant des circuits peut être étanche à l'humidité et au gaz par la seule insertion de la collerette dans l'encoche sans utiliser des éléments de scellement spéciaux tels que des joints de garniture en caoutchouc. Dans une structure de montage d'une électrode intermédiaire 8, des ergots supports sont formés et font corps avec la périphérie de l'électrode intermédiaire 8 qui peut être simplement insérée dans une ouverture de la plaque isolante 6 pour fixer et supporter l'électrode intermédiaire 8 sans utiliser des vis etc. On peut réduire ainsi un espace nécessaire pour le montage de l'électrode intermédiaire. Une connexion d'électrode 15 est connectée à une connexion de TEC 12 isolé par encapsulage en un endroit approprié sur la partie arrière de la plaque isolante 6 au moyen d'une résine synthétique, moulée à chaud. Ceci permet d'empêcher la pénétration éventuelle d'humidité ou de gaz corrosifs dans la section renfermant les circuits par le scellement isolant du TEC 12 même si la connexion d'électrode 15 passe à travers une ouverture de la plaque isolante 6. On empêche ainsi sûrement la corrosion des éléments du circuit. An ionization smoke detector according to the present invention comprises an annular insertion flange forming a body on the periphery of an insulating plate 6 and a interlocking notch provided on a cover 3 so that the section enclosing the circuits can be sealed. moisture and gas by simply inserting the flange into the notch without using special sealing elements such as rubber gaskets. In a mounting structure of an intermediate electrode 8, support lugs are formed and integral with the periphery of the intermediate electrode 8 which can be simply ...

Ionization chamber

IONIZING RADIATION DETECTOR, WITH A SOLID RADIATION CONVERSION BLADE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THIS DETECTOR

The invention concerns an ionising radiation detector with solid radiation conversion plate, and method for making same. The method for making said detector, for use in radiography for instance, consists in placing conversion means, comprising the plate (10), and collecting means (30) on either side of an excitable medium which interacts with charged particles, resulting from the conversion of the rays (3), to generate other particles. The collecting means collect said other particles and supply signals representing the rays.

Self-checking radiation detector

Patent FR2459649B1

IONIZATION CHAMBER

A.CHAMBRE D'IONISATION COMPRENANT UNE PLURALITE D'ELECTRODES CYLINDRIQUES DISPOSEES COAXIALEMENT ET UN BOITIER QUI ENFERME LES ELECTRODES CYLINDRIQUES. B.LES ELECTRODES CYLINDRIQUES SONT DISPOSEES DANS LE BOITIER DE FACON A PERMETTRE UN DEPLACEMENT AXIAL DES EXTREMITES DES ELECTRODES MAIS A EMPECHER UN DEPLACEMENT RADIAL DE CELLES-CI, CE QUI PERMET DE MINIMISER UNE DEVIATION RELATIVEMENT MINIME DES PIECES A DES TEMPERATURES ELEVEES. C.APPLICATIONS COURANTES. A.IONIZATION CHAMBER COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF CYLINDRICAL ELECTRODES COAXALLY ARRANGED AND A BOX THAT ENCLOSES THE CYLINDRICAL ELECTRODES. B. THE CYLINDRICAL ELECTRODES ARE ARRANGED IN THE HOUSING SO AS TO ALLOW AN AXIAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE ENDS OF THE ELECTRODES BUT PREVENT A RADIAL DISPLACEMENT THEREOF, WHICH ALLOWS A RELATIVELY MINIMIZED DEVIATION OF THE PARTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. C. COMMON APPLICATIONS.

Patent FR2314699B1

GAS PARTICLE CURVED DETECTOR

X-RAY DETECTOR WITH IONIZATION CHAMBER

HIGH RESOLUTION RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING DEVICE

Ionization chamber usable with high alternating voltage

GAS IONIZATION DETECTOR AND TOMODENSITOMETER USING SUCH A DETECTOR

DETECTEUR A CHAMBRE D'IONISATION PERMETTANT L'ELIMINATION DES SIGNAUX PARASITES GENERALEMENT DUS AUX DEFORMATIONS DES LIGNES DE FORCE DU CHAMP ELECTRIQUE CREE ENTRE LES ELECTRODES DE LA CHAMBRE D'IONISATION, DEFORMATIONS SITUEES AUX EXTREMITES DE CES ELECTRODES. CE DETECTEUR COMPORTE UNE CHAMBRE D'IONISATION PARTAGEE DE FACON ETANCHE EN DEUX COMPARTIMENTS C, C AU MOYEN D'UNE CLOISON M EN MATERIAU DIELECTRIQUE PERMEABLE AU FAISCEAU DE RAYONNEMENT IONISANT. DANS LE COMPARTIMENT C AVAL SONT DISPOSEES DES ELECTRODES DE MESURE E, E... ET DANS LE COMPARTIMENT C DES ELECTRODES DE GARDE E, E... RESPECTIVEMENT COPLANAIRES ET PORTEES AUX MEMES POTENTIELS V, V QUE LES ELECTRODES DE MESURE E, E... LES GAZ INTRODUITS SOUS LA MEME HAUTE PRESSION DANS LES COMPARTIMENTS C, C ONT DES NUMEROS ATOMIQUES DIFFERENTS. APPLICATION: TOMODENSITOMETRE. DETECTOR WITH IONIZATION CHAMBER ALLOWING THE ELIMINATION OF PARASITIC SIGNALS GENERALLY DUE TO DEFORMATIONS OF THE FORCE LINES OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD CREATED BETWEEN THE ELECTRODES OF THE IONIZATION CHAMBER, DEFORMATIONS LOCATED AT THE ENDS OF THESE ELECTRODES. THIS DETECTOR INCLUDES AN IONIZATION CHAMBER TIGHTLY SHARED IN TWO COMPARTMENTS C, C BY MEANS OF A PARTITION M IN DIELECTRIC MATERIAL PERMEABLE TO THE IONIZING RADIATION BEAM. IN COMPARTMENT C DOWNSTREAM MEASURING ELECTRODES E, E ... ARE AVAILABLE AND IN COMPARTMENT C GUARD ELECTRODES E, E ... RESPECTIVELY COPLANAR AND AT THE SAME POTENTIAL V, V AS MEASURING ELECTRODES E, E ... THE GASES INTRODUCED AT THE SAME HIGH PRESSURE INTO COMPARTMENTS C HAVE DIFFERENT ATOMIC NUMBERS. APPLICATION: TOMODENSITOMETER.

Balancing device for radiation indicators

GAS DETECTOR OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH VERY HIGH COUNTING RATES

Air ionisation chamber - for measuring radioactivity of a sample, partic. a physiological serum contg. technetium-99m

MULTI-CONNECTED SEALED HOUSING FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS

BOITIER ETANCHE A RACCORDEMENTS MULTIPLES POUR APPAREIL ELECTRIQUE. IL COMPREND AU MOINS DEUX ELEMENTS ASSOCIES 28, 30 QUI DEFINISSENT UNE CHAMBRE INTERIEURE FERMEE 22. UN JOINT 32, COMPRENANT DE PREFERENCE UN CIRCUIT IMPRIME FLEXIBLE EN MATIERE PLASTIQUE APPROPRIEE, EST PLACE ENTRE LES ELEMENTS DU BOITIER, POUR OBTENIR L'ETANCHEITE DE LA CHAMBRE ET DES CONDUCTEURS ELECTRIQUES 34, PAR EXEMPLE UNE FEUILLE DE CIRCUIT IMPRIME METALLIQUE, SONT DISPOSES DANS LA MATIERE PLASTIQUE ET S'ETENDENT DE L'INTERIEUR A L'EXTERIEUR DU BOITIER. APPLICATION NOTAMMENT A UN DETECTEUR D'IONISATION D'UN DISPOSITIF D'EXPLORATION TOMOGRAPHIQUE A RAYONS X.

Patent FR2247815B1

X-RAY DETECTOR

IONIZATION DEVICE, BETA-EMITTING GAS ACTIVITY CHAIN ACTIVITY CHAIN AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING SAID DEVICE

Nuclear radiation detector

IONIZATION CHAMBER, MEASUREMENT CHAIN OF ACTIVITY OF A BETA RADIATION EMITTING GAS AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING SAME

DETECTOR FOR X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY

L'invention concerne un détecteur pour tomographie à rayons X. Ce détecteur comporte une chambre étanche 4 contenant un gaz ionisable par des rayons X ayant traversé un organe ou un objet. Cette chambre comprend sur une face avant, une fenêtre d'entrée 5 des rayons X, et contient un ensemble de détection 11 des rayons X. Des moyens de connexion 27, 28, 29, 32, 33 traversent une face arrière 9 de la chambre pour relier les moyens de détection avec des moyens de mesure 14 et d'alimentation 15, 16 extérieurs à la chambre. Les moyens de détection comprennent des électrodes 19 et une plaque de polarisation 18 séparées par une entretoise isolante 3, transparente aux rayonnements. Selon l'invention cette entretoise a la forme d'un cadre. Ce cadre s'appuie d'une part sur la plaque de polarisation 18, et d'autre part sur des bandes conductrices 22, 24 portées à un même potentiel de référence 16 que celui des électrodes. Application à la tomographie par rayons X. The invention relates to a detector for X-ray tomography. This detector comprises a sealed chamber 4 containing a gas ionizable by X-rays having passed through an organ or an object. This chamber comprises on a front face, an entry window 5 for the X-rays, and contains an X-ray detection assembly 11. Connection means 27, 28, 29, 32, 33 pass through a rear face 9 of the chamber. to connect the detection means with measuring 14 and supply means 15, 16 external to the chamber. The detection means comprise electrodes 19 and a polarization plate 18 separated by an insulating spacer 3, transparent to radiation. According to the invention this spacer has the form of a frame. This frame is based on the one hand on the polarization plate 18, and on the other hand on conductive strips 22, 24 brought to the same reference potential 16 as that of the electrodes. Application to X-ray tomography.

Improvements to ionization chambers

Patent FR2251911B1

Patent FR2303377B1

Ionization chamber, e.g. a tritium detection chamber, has cathode wire wound on periphery of non-magnetic insulating disks mounted on the ends of anode

La présente invention concerne une chambre d'ionisation de forme cylindrique comportant une anode (35) formée d'une barre centrale en matériau conducteur électrique et une cathode (38) en matériau conducteur électrique entourant ladite anode, reliées toutes deux à deux éléments d'une embase mécanique de ladite chambre, dans laquelle deux flasques cylindriques (36, 37) en matériau amagnétique et isolant sont centrés sur l'anode (35) et disposés perpendiculairement à celle-ci en ses deux extrémités, la cathode (38) étant formée d'un fil bobiné sur la partie périphérique de ces deux flasques (36, 37).