АНОДЫ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В БИОСОВМЕСТИМЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТАХ ПИТАНИЯ

БАТАРЕЯ

... 1. Аккумуляторная батарея, содержащая положительную электродную подложку (1), которая является способной активизировать или ионизировать воду в электролите и которая является электрическим проводником с низким потенциалом; отрицательную электродную подложку (2), которая является электрическим проводником с высоким потенциалом; пленку (3), которая является пористой и расположена между положительной электродной подложкой (1) и отрицательной электродной подложкой (2) для того, чтобы удалить на минимальное расстояние положительную электродную подложку (1) от отрицательной электродной подложки (2); изоляционную оболочку (4), которая заключает в себя положительную электродную подложку (1) и отрицательную электродную подложку (2) и имеет, по меньшей мере, один впуск (4а) для воды для добавления электролита в пленку (3) и удерживает в тесном контакте друг с другом положительную электродную подложку (1) и отрицательную электродную подложку (2); при этом ионы, генерированные ионизированной водой, ...

БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ С ПОЛИМЕРНЫМИ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТАМИ

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ БИОСОВМЕСТИМОЙ КАТОДНОЙ СУСПЕНЗИИ ДЛЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В БИОСОВМЕСТИМЫХ БАТАРЕЯХ ДЛЯ КОНТАКТНОЙ ЛИНЗЫ

Elektrochemische Gasentwicklungszelle, insbesondere quecksilberfreie Wasserstoffentwicklungszelle

Elektrochemischer Generator mit einem alkalischen Elektrolyten und einer negativen Zinkelektrode und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

ZINKPULVER FUER ALKALISCHE BATTERIEN UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DESSELBEN

ZINC ELECTRODE FOR A GALVANIC ELEMENT

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines galvanischen Primaer- oder Sekundaerelementes

Extending service time of zinc-alkali-manganese cell

Zinc-alkali-manganese based prim. and rechargeable cells with extended service time have an anode material which is almost or completely free of mercury and which contains, as additive, a pulverulent insulator (pref. TiO2 and/or BaTiO3) with a dielectric constant of at least 14 at 10<6> cycles. Also claimed are: (i) a process of extending the service time of zinc-alkali-manganese based primary and rechargeable calls; and (ii) the use of pulverulent insulators (as above) for extending the service time of the cells.

Battery

A small current environmental-friendly battery includes a positive electrode substrate 1 and a negative electrode substrate 2 that are conductors of different potential, in which the positive electrode substrate 1 can ionize water. It also includes an insulation shell 4, a porous film 3 interposed between the electrodes, and a water inlet 4a for adding water to the film. It can also include an additive 9 which can activate or ionize water by emitting an electromagnetic wave which can split larger water molecule clusters into smaller ones.

Rechargeable zinc-mercury cell

... 1,039,226. Secondary cells. MALLORY BATTERIES Ltd. Oct. 9, 1963 [Oct. 9, 1962], No. 39873/63. Heading H1B. A secondary cell having an alkaline electrolyte and a negative of amalgamated zinc has according to the invention a positive of a coprecipitated intimate mixture of an oxide of mercury and an oxide of nickel. The anode is preferably as disclosed in Specification 1,039,227. Graphite is preferably added to the mixture of oxides and the composition is compressed into a coherent body.

Anode active material and alkaline cells containing same and method for the production thereof

An anode active material of zinc powder with indium coexisting therewith, the metals being amalgamated, an alkaline cell using the anode active material therein, and a method for the production of the anode active material or the alkaline cell.

ZINC POWDER OR ZINC ALLOY POWDER WITH INHOMOGENOUS BULK DENSITY FOR ALKALINE BATTERIES

ALKALI BATTERY WITH NICKELOXYHYDROXIDKATHODE AND ZINC ANODE

AIR CELL WITH CHANGED CATCH LATCH

ELEKTROLYTISCHES VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ZINK

ELECTROLYTIC PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ZINC

ELEKTROLYTISCHES VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ZINK

ZINC ALLOY FOR CONTAINERS OF ELECTRO-CHEMICAL BATTERIES.

ZINC ALLOYS FOR CONTAINERS OF ELECTRO-CHEMICAL BATTERIES.

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL BATTERY WITH AN ANODE FROM A ZINC ALLOY.

ZINC POWDER OR ZINC ALLOY POWDER FOR ALKALINE BATTERIES

STRUCTURE OF ELECTRODE FOR ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL

CLOSED RE+RECHARGEABLE CELLS THE MERCURY-FREE ZINC ANODES CONTAINING AND VEFAHREN FOR PRODUCTION

SEVERAL CELLS COMPREHENSIVE BATTERY GALVANIC IN ROW CIRCUIT

BIOMEDICAL DEVICE BATTERIES WITH ELECTRO-DEPOSITED CATHODES

OF THE INVENTION Designs, strategies and methods for forming biocompatible batteries with plated cathode chemistries are described. In some examples, an electrolytic manganese dioxide layer may be plated upon a cathode collector before assembly into a micro-battery. In some examples, the biocompatible battery with electrodeposited cathode may be used in a biomedical device. In some further examples, the biocompatible battery with electrodeposited cathode may be used in a contact lens.

Air cell with modified sealing tab

Alkaline cell with improved cathode ?

Copper-based energy storage device and method

Sealed rechargeable cells containing mercury-free zinc anodes, and a method of manufacture

Prismatic electrochemical cell and multicell battery

ELECTRODE FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE ELECTRODE

Fibrous electrode for a metal air electrochemical cell

Electrochemical cell comprising an electrodeposited fuel

Provided is a rechargeable electrochemical cell system for generating electrical current using a fuel and an oxidant. The system includes a plurality of electrochemical cells. A controller is configured to apply an electrical current between charging electrode(s) and a fuel electrode with the charging electrode(s) functioning as an anode and the fuel electrode functioning as a cathode, such that reducible metal fuel ions in the ionically conductive medium are reduced and electrodeposited as metal fuel in oxidizable form on the fuel electrode. The controller may selectively apply current to a charging electrode and third electrode between fuel electrodes of separate cells to increase uniformity of the metal fuel being electrodeposited on the fuel electrode. The controller controls a number of switches to apply current to the electrodes and select different modes for the system. Also provided are methods for charging and discharging an electrochemical cell system, and selecting different ...

A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BIOCOMPATIBLE CATHODE SLURRY FOR USE IN BIOCOMPATIBLE BATTERIES FOR A CONTACT LENS

OF THE INVENTION Methods and apparatus to form biocompatible energization elements are described. In some examples, the methods and apparatus to form the biocompatible energization elements involve forming cavities comprising active cathode chemistry. The active elements of the cathode and anode are sealed with a biocompatible material. In some examples, a field of use for the methods and apparatus may include any biocompatible device or product that requires energization elements. FG1l25 ...

CONDUCTOR FOR ZN ELECTRODE

METHOD OF PRODUCING ZINC ALLOY POWDER FOR CELL AND ALKALINE CELL WITH THE ZINC ALLOY POWDER

Alkaline battery

ZINC ALLOY POWDER FOR ALKALINE CELL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF THE SAME

Zinc-containing powders and methods of manufacture

ELECTROLYTIC BATTERY FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE AND SCALABLE ENERGY STORAGE

A novel energy storage battery system is described that includes a highly reversible electrolytic Zn-MnO2 system in which electrodeposition/electrolysis of Zn (anode side) and MnO2 (cathode side) couple is employed with a theoretical voltage approximately 2 V and energy density of approximately 409 Wh kg-1 providing superior durability and excellent energy densities.

GALVANIC ELEMENT

CYLINDRICAL GALVANIC PRIMARY ELEMENT

A BUCKLING RESISTANT CURRENT COLLECTOR

A wire mesh including a warp which includes a first nickel alloy wire having a first peak tensile strength; and a weft which includes a wire including nickel having a second peak tensile strength, wherein the first peak tensile strength is greater than or equal to the second peak tensile strength, is provided. A current collector and a zinc-air battery that includes the wire mesh are also provided.

METAL-AIR FUEL CELL

A fuel cell having a cathode, cathode chamber, anode and anode chamber. The anode chamber is at least partially defined by an anode current collector. The cathode chamber is at least partially defined by the cathode. The anode chamber includes one or a plurality of anode flow channels for flowing an electrolyte in a downstream direction. The anode current collector may include a plurality of particle collectors projecting into the anode chamber to collect particles suspended in the electrolyte.

SOLID POROUS ZINC ELECTRODES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

... ²²²A solid porous zinc electrode for use in alkaline-zinc batteries, zinc-air ²batteries and fuel cells is provided which comprises specific zinc filaments, ²fibers, threads or strands compressed into a physically-stable wooly mass to ²form the electrode with a controlled geometrical shape and porosity ²distribution. Differential densification incorporates ribs, borders, grids or ²tabs for good structural integrity, mechanical strength, electrochemical ²behavior, and electrical conductivity. Pressing in a mold or rolling of a ²compressed sheet can also provide an anode with a large anode/cathode ²interface area and a complex geometry. The filaments of controlled dimension ²and composition are preferably made by spin forming from molten zinc alloys. ²Such anodes are not susceptible to breakage, have a long storage life and can ²be used in high rate discharge applications.² ...

ZINC POWDER OR ZINC ALLOY POWDER WITH INHOMOGENEOUS BULK DENSITY FOR ALKALINE BATTERIES

The invention relates to zinc powders or zinc alloy powders with an inhomogeneous bulk density distribution depending on the particle size, wherein the difference of the bulk density measured according to ASTM B212 in the grain size range smaller than 75 .mu.m and that in the grain size range greater than 150 .mu.m is at least 0.5 g/cm3, and the mean bulk density of the powder, measured according to ASTM B212, ranges from 1.8 to 4.0 g/cm3. The invention is also directed to mixtures of said zinc powders or zinc alloy powders and to an alkaline battery including said powders.

METHODS AND APPARATUS TO FORM BIOCOMPATIBLE ENERGIZATION PRIMARY ELEMENTS FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES

Methods and apparatus to form biocompatible energization elements are described. In some embodiments, the methods and apparatus to form the biocompatible energization elements involve forming cavities comprising active cathode chemistry. The active elements of the cathode and anode are sealed with a laminate stack of biocompatible material. In some embodiments, a field of use for the methods and apparatus may include any biocompatible device or product that requires energization elements.

BIOMEDICAL DEVICE BATTERIES WITH ELECTRODEPOSITED CATHODES

Designs, strategies and methods for forming biocompatible batteries with plated cathode chemistries are described. In some examples, an electrolytic manganese dioxide layer may be plated upon a cathode collector before assembly into a micro-battery. In some examples, the biocompatible battery with electrodeposited cathode may be used in a biomedical device. In some further examples, the biocompatible battery with electrodeposited cathode may be used in a contact lens.

LEAD-ZINC BATTERY

A rechargeable battery is provided such that the positive electrode companies lead, the negative electrode zinc, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulphate. Upon discharge, lead dioxide is reduced to lead sulphate and zinc is oxidized to zinc oxide. The reactions are reversed when the battery is charged.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ZINC-ALKALINE BATTERIES

The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a mercury-free zinc-alkaline battery giving no environmental pollution and having an excellent shelf stability which comprises a corrosionresistant zinc alloy as an anode active material, an indium compound having appropriate properties, an aqueous alkaline solution as an electrolyte and optionally a fluorine-containing surfactant having the specified chemical structure. The indium compound is indium hydroxide or indium sulfide prepared by neutralizing an aqueous solution of an indium salt. The surfactant has a hydrophilic part of a polyethylene oxide and an oleophilic part of a fluoroalkyl group. The zinc alloy contains a proper amount of at least one of the group of indium, lead, bismuth, lithium, calcium and aluminum. The indium hydroxide or indium sulfide is present in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5 wt% and the surfactant in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 wt%, based on the weight of the zinc alloy, respectively. Furthermore, the indium ...

ALUMINUM COMPOUND ADDITIVES TO REDUCE ZINC CORROSION IN ANODES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

In accordance with the present invention, an electrochemical cell is disclosed comprising a metal oxide cathode; an anode/electrolyte mixture which contains a zinc anode material and an aluminum compound additive as an source of aluminum ions (e.g., an aluminum salt). The anode/electrolyte mixture may also contain a source of sulfate ions (e.g., a metal sulfate). The anode/electrolyte mixture can also include a suitable carrier (e.g., gelling agent, buffer) for admixing the various components of the mixture.

ZINC ALLOY POWDER FOR ALKALINE CELL AND METHOD TO PRODUCE THE SAME

STORAGE-STABLE, FLUID DISPENSING DEVICE USING A HYDROGEN GAS GENERATOR

A fluid delivery device includes a gas generator (26) in which moisture (water) is involved in the gas generation reaction. An external gas chamber shell (1) is utilized to prevent or retard water loss. A flexible diaphragm (3) may be a permanent part of the device and may be utilized in conjunction with the gas generator. The fluid delivered by such device is typically a liquid having some particular utility in its environment. The liquid dispensed may be a pharmaceutical or some other liquid having a beneficial or curative effect upon an animal or human patient or it may be a liquid such as an insecticide, fumigant, fragrance or other liquid having a relatively high vapor pressure.

ALKALINE SECONDARY BATTERY

The present invention is directed to an alkaline secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a zinc based negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte solution, wherein the positive electrode includes a central cavity for receiving the zinc based negative electrode, and the negative electrode includes a central cavity for holding the alkaline electrolyte solution. The battery is arranged such that the positive electrode presents a smaller capacity than the negative electrode at least in an initial charge/discharge period.

ZINC-BASED ELECTRODE PARTICLE FORM

A primary electrochemical cell (10) with an anode (20) comprising zinc-based particles suspended in a fluid medium is disclosed. The zinc-based particles include at least about 1 percent, by weight, of fines (particles of -200 mesh size) or dust (particles of -325 mesh size). The zinc-based particles can have a relatively small average particle size. The zinc-based particles can be alloyed with, for example, indium and/or bismuth and be of spherical, acicular or flake shape. The anode (20) can have a low resistivity at low zinc loadings, and the cell (10) can demonstrate good mechanical stability and overall performance.

Zylinderförmiges, galvanisches Primärelement

Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque pour élément électrochimique

Alkalisches Primärelement

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer stark porösen amalgamierten Zinkanode für eine stromerzeugende Zelle

Accumulatore o pila elettrica, in particolare pila a secco

[...] DE [...][...].

Galvanic element, in particular mercury-free silver oxide battery.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Silberoxidbatterie anzugeben, die frei von Quecksilber, Blei und Cadmium ist und dennoch über die gewünschten Eigenschaften, insbesondere bezüglich elektrochemischer Erzeugung von Elektrizität, bisher bekannter Silberoxidbatterien verfügt. Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch ein galvanisches Element, insbesondere durch ein quecksilberfreie Silberoxidbatterie, gelöst, die eine Metallanode, einen Elektrolyten und eine Silberoxidelektrode aufweist, wobei die Metallanode in quecksilber-, cadmium- und bleifreier Weise als Hauptbestandteil Zink mit möglichen Additiven von Indium und Bismut umfasst. Der Elektrolyt enthält Additive, welche in Kombination und Abstimmung mit einem beschichteten Stromableiter auf der Anodenseite unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen unterdrücken. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, die Zink-Selbstentladung in alkalischen Elektrolyten zu verringern und so eine kontrollierte und langzeitlineare Oxidation des Zinks und damit ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR WITH ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE AND WITH A NEGATIVE ZINC ELECTRODE.

Energy store device.

Eine Energiespeichervorrichtung (100) wird beschrieben, die ein kathodisches Material in elektrischer Verbindung mit einem Separator (104) aufweist. Das kathodische Material umfasst Kupfer. Der Separator hat eine erste Fläche, die mindestens einen Teil einer ersten Kammer (110) definiert, sowie eine zweite Fläche, die eine zweite Kammer (112) definiert. Die erste Kammer steht durch den Separator in ionischer Verbindung mit der zweiten Kammer. Der Separator hat mindestens eine der folgenden Eigenschaften: der Separator ist ein Verbund aus Aluminiumoxid und einem Seltenerdmetalloxid, oder der Separator ist ein Verbund aus Aluminiumoxid und einem Übergangsmetalloxid, oder der Separator hat eine Körnung, deren Körner Korngrenzen definieren, die Kornhohlräume definieren, wobei die von den Korngrenzen definierten Kornhohlräume vor der ersten elektrischen Ladung der Energiespeichervorrichtung frei von Natriumaluminat sind oder nach der ersten elektrischen Ladung der Energiespeichervorrichtung ...

Electrolyte for alkali batteries and its manufacture procedures as well as alkali batteries.

Der Elektrolyt der Erfindung für Alkalibatterien umfasst das Hydroxyd des Alkalimetalls, die chemische Verbindung des Indiums und das Wasser, und die gelöste Menge der chemischen Verbindung des Indiums beträgt 100 ppm oder mehr. Ausserdem umfasst das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Elektrolyts der Erfindung für Alkalibatterien die ersten Stufe, bei der das Hydroxyd des Alkalimetalls und die chemische Verbindung des Indiums ins Wasser gelöst werden, und die zweite Stufe, bei der die bei der ersten Stufe geschaffte Lösung mit Wasser zugefüllt und verdünnt wird. Durch Verwendung des Elektrolyts für Batterien der Erfindung für Alkalibatterien kann die Entstehung des Gases während der Lagerung der Batterien aufgehalten werden und die Lagerungseigenschaft der Alkalibatterien verbessert werden.

Silver oxide battery.

Die erfindungsgemässe Silberoxid-Batterie umfasst eine Positivelektrode (1), welche als das Aktivmaterial Silberoxid enthält, eine Negativelektrode (3), welche als das Aktivmaterial partikelartiges Zink oder partikelartige Zinklegierung enthält, und einen Separator (2), und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannung des geschlossenen Kreises nach 1 Min. vom Entladeanfang unter Bedingungen einer Temperatur von 20 Grad C und einer Stromdichte von 50 mA/cm2 mehr als 1,35 V und vorzugsweise nach 10 Min. vom Entladeanfang mehr als 1,25 V beträgt. Dadurch kann eine Batterie bereitgestellt werden, die ein extrem ausgezeichnetes Leistungsverhalten bei schwerer Belastung aufweist.

Energy store device.

Eine Energiespeichervorrichtung (100) wird beschrieben, die ein kathodisches Material in elektrischer Verbindung mit einem Separator (104) aufweist. Das kathodische Material umfasst Kupfer. Der Separator hat eine erste Fläche, die mindestens einen Teil einer ersten Kammer (110) definiert, sowie eine zweite Fläche, die eine zweite Kammer (112) definiert. Die erste Kammer steht durch den Separator in ionischer Verbindung mit der zweiten Kammer. Der Separator hat mindestens eine der folgenden Eigenschaften: der Separator ist ein Verbund aus Aluminiumoxid und einem Seltenerdmetalloxid, oder der Separator ist ein Verbund aus Aluminiumoxid und einem Übergangsmetalloxid, oder der Separator hat eine Körnung, deren Körner Korngrenzen definieren, die Kornhohlräume definieren, wobei die von den Korngrenzen definierten Kornhohlräume vor der ersten elektrischen Ladung der Energiespeichervorrichtung frei von Natriumaluminat sind oder nach der ersten elektrischen Ladung der Energiespeichervorrichtung ...

Electrolyte for alkali batteries and its manufacture procedures as well as alkali batteries.

Der Elektrolyt der Erfindung für Alkalibatterien umfasst das Hydroxyd des Alkalimetalls, die chemische Verbindung des Indiums und das Wasser, und die gelöste Menge der chemischen Verbindung des Indiums beträgt 100 ppm oder mehr. Ausserdem umfasst das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Elektrolyts der Erfindung für Alkalibatterien die erste Stufe, bei der das Hydroxyd des Alkalimetalls und die chemische Verbindung des Indiums ins Wasser gelöst werden, und die zweite Stufe, bei der die bei der erster Stufe geschafften Lösung mit Wasser zugefüllt und verdünnt wird. Durch Verwendung des Elektrolyts für Batterien der Erfindung für Alkalibatterien kann die Entstehung des Gases während der Lagerung der Batterien aufgehalten werden und die Lagerungseigenschaft der Alkalibatterien verbessert werden.

RECHARGED ALKALINE MANGANIC CELL, WHICH HAS THE REDUCED LOSS OF CAPACITY AND THE IMPROVED MAXIMUM NUMBER OF THE CYCLES

Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells

Zinc/air cell

The present invention discloses a zinc/air depolarized button cell having an anode casing and cathode casing in the form of cans each having an open end and opposing closed end with integral side walls therebetween. An improved insulator seal ring is inserted over the anode casing side walls. The improved insulator seal ring has protrusions emanating from the surfaces of the insulating ring side walls. The protrusions are preferably integrally formed during molding of the insulating seal ring, but may be separately applied. The protrusions compress during application of radial forces to the cathode casing during the crimping of the cathode casing side walls over the anode casing side walls with said insulator ring therebetween. This provides a tighter, more durable seal, at the interface between anode casing and insulator side walls and also between cathode casing and insulator side walls. The claims relate to a zinc/air depolarized cell in which the separator is bonded to the cathode using ...

Zinc polymer thick film composition

Générateur électrochimique à électrolyte alcalin et à électrode négative de zin

Générateur électrochimique à électrolyte alcalin et à électrode négative de zinc, caractérisé par le fait que ladite électrode de zinc exempte de mercure, de cadmium et de plomb, contient un mélange comportant 0,005 % à 1 % en poids d'indium et 1 à 1000 ppm d'au moins un composé organique de stabilisation choisi parmi les composés polyfluorés du type fluoroalcool éthoxylé et les composés du type sulfure d'alcoyle et d'alcool polyéthoxylé. Un tel générateur présente des performances (courbes C et D) au moins égales à celle d'un générateur où le zinc est amalgamé à 5 % (courbe B) ...

Improvements with the galvanic piles

ACCUMULATEUR A ELECTRODE NEGATIVE EN ALLIAGE ZINC CADMIUM

Accumulateur alcalin caractérisé par le fait que l'électrode négative est un alliage zinc cadmium. On préfère les alliages contenant d'environ 17,4% de zinc à environ 90% de zinc L'électrode négative en alliage zinc cadmium communique à l'accumulateur une énergie massique plus élevée que l'électrode de cadmium et une meilleure rechargeabilité que l'électrode de zinc ...

Improvement with the manufacture of the batteries

Improvement with the electric fencers

PILES ELECTROCHIMIQUES AQUEUSES ET LEUR FABRICATION

PILES ELECTROCHIMIQUES AQUEUSES A CORROSION ET BOUILLONNEMENT REDUITS. ON REDUIT LA CORROSION DANS LES PILES ELECTROCHIMIQUES AQUEUSES COMPORTANT DES ANODES EN ZINC EN UTILISANT DES PARTICULES DE ZINC MONOCRISTALLINES, AUXQUELLES DE PETITES QUANTITES D'UN OU PLUSIEURS DES ELEMENTS FORMES PAR L'INDIUM, LE THALLIUM, LE GALLIUM, LE BISMUTH, LE CADMIUM, L'ETAIN ET LE PLOMB ONT ETE AJOUTEES ET AMALGAMEES AVEC LE MERCURE, EN OBTENANT DE LA SORTE UN TAUX DE CORROSION ET UN BOUILLONNEMENT DE PILE QUI SONT DIMINUES DE MANIERE SYNERGIQUE, ET CE MEME AVEC UNE REDUCTION DE LA TENEUR EN MERCURE.

METAL PLATES FOR ALKALINE ACCUMULATORS

AQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND THEIR MANUFACTURE

CRUSH HAS WEAK CURRENT, RESPECTING the ENVIRONMENT

Une pile respectant l'environnement à faible courant, comprend un substrat d'électrode positive (1) et un substrat d'électrode négative (2) qui sont des conducteurs de potentiels différents, le substrat d'électrode positive (1) pouvant activer et ioniser de l'eau. Un film (3) est interposé entre le substrat d'électrode positive (1) et le substrat d'électrode négative (2). Les ions dans l'eau transmettent de l'électricité dans la pile. La différence de potentiel entre le substrat d'électrode positive (1) et le substrat d'électrode négative (2) fournit de l'électricité à la pile.

MANUFACTORING PROCESS Of ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL APPARATUSES FUNCTIONING WITH an AQUEOUS OR SIMILAR SOLUTION

아연-공기 배터리

... 본 발명은 적어도 하나의 아연-혼입 구조체, 적어도 하나의 산소 방출 구조체 및 적어도 하나의 공기 전극을 포함하는 아연-공기 전제를 제공하되; 상기 아연-공기 전지는 상기 공기 전지의 충전 동안 제1 전극 쌍을 포함하고, 상기 전극 쌍은 상기 적어도 하나의 아연-혼입 구조체 및 상기 적어도 하나의 산소 방출 구조체를 포함하며; 상기 아연-공기 전지는 상기 공기 전지의 방전을 위해 제2 전극 쌍을 포함하고, 상기 전극 쌍은 상기 적어도 하나의 아연-혼입 구조체 및 상기 적어도 하나의 공기 전극을 포함한다.

COMPOSITE ELECTRODE MATERIAL

GELLING AGENT FOR ALKALINE BATTERY AND ALKALINE BATTERY

A gelling agent for alkaline battery comprising crosslinked polymer (A) whose main constituent monomer unit is methacrylic acid (salt), which gelling agent has a gel (GA) viscosity ratio (N1/N60) of 0.7 to 1.3 and a content of components soluble in a 37 wt.% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide of <=30 wt.%; and a relevant alkaline battery. The gel (GA) viscosity ratio (N1/N60) is determined by homogeneously mixing under agitation 100 pts.wt. of 37 wt.% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, 2 pts.wt. of crosslinked polymer (A) and 200 pts.wt. of zinc powder at 40°C to thereby produce gel (GA), measuring the viscosity (40°C, N1) of gel (GA) having been allowed to stand still for one day and the viscosity (40°C, N60) of gel (GA) having been allowed to stand still for 60 days at the same temperature in accordance with JIS K7117-1:1999, and making calculation from the viscosity measurements. Thus, there become available a gelling agent for alkaline battery that exhibits extremely high ...

AIR-ZINC SECONDARY BATTERY

The present invention relates to an air-zinc secondary battery. More specifically, the air-zinc secondary battery includes: an air electrode part for discharge where external air flows in during discharge; an air electrode part for charging which discharges oxygen generated during charging to the outside; a cathode electrode part which is positioned between the air electrode part for discharge and the air electrode par for charging; a discharge circuit which electrically connects the air electrode pat for discharge and the cathode electrode part; a charging circuit which electrically connects the air electrode part for charging and the cathode electrode part; and a switching part which interrupts the connection of the charging circuit during discharge and interrupts the connection of the discharge circuit during charging. Charging efficiency can be improved. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 ...

BATTERY

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL CONTAINING TIN, CARBON AND ETC AS CONSTITUENT ELEMENT AND BATTERY USING THE SAME

PURPOSE: Provided are a negative electrode active material and a battery comprising the same, which has a high capacity and good cycle characteristics. CONSTITUTION: The negative electrode active material comprises tin(Sn) as a first element, a second element, and a third element. The second element is at least one selected from a group consisting of boron(B), carbon(C), aluminum(Al), and phosphorus(P). The third element is at least one selected from a group consisting of silicon(Si), magnesium(Mg), titanium(Ti), vanadium(V), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), cobalt(Co), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), gallium(Ga), zirconium(Zr), niobium(Nb), molybdenum(Mo), silver(Ag), indium(In), cerium(Ce), hafnium(Hf), tantalum(Ta), tungsten(W), and bismuth(Bi). A content of the second element is from 9.8% by mass to 49% by mass. © KIPO 2006 ...

BIOMEDICAL ENERGIZATION ELEMENTS WITH POLYMER ELECTROLYTES

Zinc anode for electrochemical cells

An additive compound for oxidizable metal such as zinc is provided. The additive includes a sorbitan based compound of the formula, wherein R1, R2, R3 may be the same or different, and are each selected from the group consisting of OH and (OCX1X2CX3X4)nOH, where X1 X2, X3, X4 are selected from the group consisting of H, F, and an aliphatic group, wherein n is between 1 and about 10000; R4 is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, OH and (OCX1X2CX3X4)nOH, where X1 X2, X3, X4 are selected from the group consisting of H, F, and an aliphatic group, wherein n is between 1 and about 10000; and R5 is selected from the group consisting of OR6 and OOCR6, wherein R6 is an aliphatic group.

CATHODE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING ZN AND CHALCOGENIDE AND ENERGY STORAGE CELL COMPRISING SAME

A cathode composition and a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising same are disclosed. The cathode composition is described as comprising (i) particles including a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, V, and combinations thereof; (ii) alkali halometallate; (iii) alkali halide; (iv) source of Zn; and (v) source of chalcogenide. Also described is a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising the composition. The source of Zn and source of chalcogenide in the cathode composition of a cell may be effective to improve the extractable capacity of cells, and decrease the cell resistance, relative to their absence.

LAYERED MANGANESE DRY CELL BATTERY

A highly reliable layered manganese dry battery in which the environmental load is reduced by reducing the quantity of lead in the negative electrode zinc plate and high rate discharge characteristics and excellent storage characteristics are ensured by improving the strength and corrosion resistance of the negative electrode zinc plate. The layered manganese dry battery includes a plurality of element cells each comprising a cup-like heat shrinkage resin tube having a hole in the center of the bottom face, an element cell case consisting of a negative electrode zinc plate having a carbon film on one side and arranged inside the bottom face of the heat shrinkage resin tube, a separator composed of a paper coated with a paste material and arranged inside the element cell case, and a positive electrode mix contained in the element cell case through the separator. The battery is characterized in that the Vickers hardness of the negative electrode zinc plate is 45-55 Hv.

METAL-OXYGEN CELL

Provided is a metal-oxygen cell whereby cycle performance can be enhanced. A meta-oxygen cell (1) provided with: a positive electrode (2) including an oxygen storage material and having oxygen as the active material thereof; a negative electrode (3) having a metal as the active material thereof; and an electrolyte layer (4) including an electrolytic solution, the electrolyte layer (4) being sandwiched between the positive electrode (2) and the negative electrode (3); the cell reaction of the positive electrode (2) occurring at a surface of the oxygen storage material; wherein the positive electrode (2) includes an electroconductive polymer for covering at least a portion of the surface of the oxygen storage material, the electroconductive polymer being capable of suppressing permeation of oxygen and capable of conducting metal ions.

Porous anode active material, method of preparing the same, and anode and lithium battery employing the same

Provided are a porous anode active material, a method of preparing the same, and an anode and a lithium battery employing the same. The porous anode active material includes fine particles of metallic substance capable of forming a lithium alloy; a crystalline carboneous substance; and a porous carboneous material coating and attaching to the fine particles of metallic substance and the crystalline carboneous substance, the porous anode active material having pores exhibiting a bimodal size distribution with two pore diameter peaks as measured by a Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution from a nitrogen adsorption. The porous anode active material has the pores having a bimodal size distribution, and thus may efficiently remove a stress occurring due to a difference of expansion between a carboneous material and a metallic active material during charging and discharging. Further, the anode electrode and the lithium battery comprising the anode active material have excellent charge/discharge characteristics.

Si ALLOY NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ELECTRIC DEVICE

[Problem] Provided is a negative electrode active material for an electric device which exhibits a well-balanced property of maintaining a high cycle property and attaining a high initial capacity. [Technical solution] The negative electrode active material for an electric device comprising an alloy having a composition formula Si x Zn y Al z (where each of x, y, and z represents amass percent value, satisfying (1) x+y+z=100, (2) 21≦x<100, (3) 0<y<79, and (4) 0<z<79).

Copper Alloy Metal Strip For Zinc Air Anode Cans

The present disclosure generally relates to a zinc air cell having an anode can made of a copper alloy. The anode can material reduces internal gassing within the electrochemical cell while being compatible with the internal chemistry of the anode and the alkaline electrolyte of the cell itself.

Heat sealing separators for nickel zinc cells

Embodiments are described in terms of selective methods of sealing separators and jellyroll electrode assemblies and cells made using such methods. More particularly, methods of selectively heat sealing separators to encapsulate one of two electrodes for nickel-zinc rechargeable cells having jellyroll assemblies are described. Selective heat sealing may be applied to both ends of a jellyroll electrode assembly in order to selectively seal one of two electrodes on each end of the jellyroll.

ZINC-AIR BATTERY

The Invention provides a zinc-air cell comprising at least one zinc-incorporating structure, at least one oxygen evolving structure and at least one air electrode; wherein said zinc-air cell comprises a first pair of electrodes for the charging of said air cell, said electrode pair comprising said at least one zinc-incorporating structure and said at least one oxygen evolving structure; and wherein said zinc-air cell comprises a second pair of electrodes for the discharging of said air cell, said electrode pair comprising said at least one zinc-incorporating structure and said at least one air electrode. 1. A rechargeable zinc-air cell comprising at least one zinc-incorporating structure , at least one oxygen evolving structure and at least one air electrode , wherein:said zinc-air cell comprises a first pair of electrodes for the charging of said air cell, said electrode pair comprising said at least one zinc-incorporating structure and said at least one oxygen evolving structure;said zinc-air cell comprises a second pair of electrodes for the discharging of said air cell, said electrode pair comprising said at least one zinc-incorporating structure and said at least one air electrode; andwherein said at least one oxygen evolving structure and said at least one air electrode are positioned such that said at least one oxygen evolving structure is distal to or substantially perpendicular to said at least one air electrode.2. The rechargeable zinc-air cell of claim 1 , wherein said at least one zinc-incorporating structure and said at least one oxygen evolving structure are positioned to be substantially parallel to each other.3. The rechargeable zinc-air cell of claim 2 , wherein said at least one zinc-incorporating structure and said at least one air electrode are positioned to be substantially not parallel to each other.4. The rechargeable zinc-air cell of claim 3 , wherein said at least one zinc-incorporating structure and said at least one air electrode are ...

BUFFER INTERLAYERS IN MEMBRANELESS HIGH VOLTAGE BATTERIES

A membraneless battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode electroactive material; an anode comprising an anode electroactive material; a catholyte in contact with the cathode, wherein the catholyte is not in contact with the anode; an anolyte in contact with the anode, wherein the anolyte is not in contact with the cathode; and one or more buffer interlayers disposed between the anolyte and the catholyte. The catholyte has a pH of less than 4, and the anolyte has a pH of greater than 10. The one or more buffer interlayers regulate a pH in the battery. The anode electroactive material comprises a Zn electroactive material. At least one of the one or more buffer interlayers comprises a weak acid and its conjugate base; and/or at least one of the one or more buffer interlayers comprises a weak base and its conjugate acid. 1. A membraneless high voltage battery comprising:a cathode comprising a cathode electroactive material;an anode comprising an anode electroactive material;a catholyte in contact with the cathode, wherein the catholyte is not in contact with the anode, and wherein the catholyte has a pH of less than 4;an anolyte in contact with the anode, wherein the anolyte is not in contact with the cathode, and wherein the anolyte has a pH of greater than 10; andone or more buffer interlayers disposed between the anolyte and the catholyte, wherein the one or more buffer interlayers regulate a pH in the battery.2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more buffer interlayers are gelled or polymerized.3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more buffer interlayers individually has an acidic pH value of less than 7 claim 1 , a neutral pH value of 7 claim 1 , or a basic pH value of greater than 7.4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more buffer interlayers comprise at least two buffer interlayers claim 1 , and wherein the buffer interlayers have the same or different pH values.5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ...

ALKALINE DRY BATTERIES

An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material including zinc, and an additive. The additive includes at least one selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride and maleate salts. 1. An alkaline dry battery comprising a positive electrode , a negative electrode , a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode , and an alkaline electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode , the negative electrode and the separator , whereinthe negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material comprising zinc, and an additive, andthe additive comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride and maleate salts.2. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the additive contained in the negative electrode is not less than 0.2 parts by mass and not more than 4 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the electrolytic solution contained in the negative electrode.3. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises maleic anhydride.4. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises the additive. The present invention relates to an improvement of a negative electrode in an alkaline dry battery.Alkaline dry batteries (alkaline manganese dry batteries) have a larger capacity and can draw a larger current than manganese dry batteries, and thus have found widespread use. An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolytic solution contained in the positive ...

ALLOY POWDER FOR ELECTRODE, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR ALKALINE STORAGE BATTERY USING THE SAME, AND ALKALINE STORAGE BATTERY

Provided is an alloy powder for an electrode which enables an alkaline storage battery to have both excellent discharge characteristics and excellent life characteristics. The alloy powder includes a hydrogen storage alloy including an element L, Mg, Ni, Al, and an element M. The element L is at least one selected from the group consisting of group 3 elements and group 4 elements of the periodic table (excluding Y). The element Mis at least two selected from the group consisting of Ge, Y, and Sn. A molar proportion x of Mg in a total of the element L and Mg is 0.008≦x≦0.54. A molar proportion y of Ni, a molar proportion α of Al, and a molar proportion ρ of the element M, per the foregoing total is 1.6≦y≦4, 0.008≦α≦0.32, and 0.01≦ρ≦0.12, respectively. 19-. (canceled)10. An alloy powder for an electrode comprising a hydrogen storage alloy ,{'sup': a', 'b, 'the hydrogen storage alloy including an element L, Mg, Ni, Al, an element M, and an element M,'}the element L being at least one selected from the group consisting of group 3 elements and group 4 elements of the periodic table, excluding Y,{'sup': 'a', 'the element Mbeing at least two selected from the group consisting of Ge, Y, and Sn,'}{'sup': 'b', 'the element Mis at least one selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ag, Zn, B, Ga, In, Si, and P,'}a molar proportion x of Mg in a total of the element L and Mg being 0.008≦x≦0.54,a molar proportion y of Ni per the total of the element L and Mg being 1.6≦y≦4,a molar proportion α of Al per the total of the element L and Mg being 0.008≦α≦0.32,{'sup': 'a', 'a molar proportion β of the element Mper the total of the element L and Mg being 0.01≦ρ≦0.12, and'}{'sup': 'b', 'a molar proportion z of the element Mper the total of the element and Mg is 0.01≦z≦0.8.'}11. The alloy powder for an electrode in accordance with claim 10 ,{'sup': 'c', 'wherein the hydrogen storage alloy further includes an element M,'}{'sup': 'c', 'the element Mis at least ...

Solvent-free electrochemical cells with conductive pressure sensitive adhesives attaching current collectors

Provided are electrochemical cells and methods of manufacturing these cells. An electrochemical cell comprises a positive electrode and an electrolyte layer, printed over the positive electrode. In some examples, each of the positive electrode, electrolyte layer, and negative electrode comprises an ionic liquid enabling ionic transfer. The negative electrode comprises a negative active material layer (e.g., comprising zinc), printed over and directly interfacing the electrolyte layer. The negative electrode also comprises a negative current collector (e.g., copper foil) and a conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer is disposed between and adhered to, directly interfaces, and provides electronic conductivity between the negative active material layer and the negative current collector. In some examples, the conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer comprises carbon and/or metal particles (e.g., nickel, copper, indium, and/or silver). Furthermore, the conductive pressure sensitive adhesive layer may comprise an acrylic polymer, encapsulating these particles.

PRIMARY ALKALINE BATTERY WITH INTEGRATED IN-CELL RESISTANCES

The invention is directed toward a primary AA alkaline battery. The primary AA alkaline battery includes an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte; and a separator between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes an electrochemically active anode material. The cathode includes an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrolyte includes potassium hydroxide. The primary AA alkaline battery has an integrated in-cell ionic resistance (R) at 22° C. of less than about 39 mΩ. The separator has a porosity of greater than 70%. 1. A primary AAA alkaline battery comprising:an anode, the anode comprising an electrochemically active anode material;a cathode, the cathode comprising an electrochemically active cathode material;an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising a hydroxide;a separator therebetween the anode and the cathode; andan integrated in-cell ionic resistance (Ri) at 22° C. of less than about 39 mΩ;wherein the electrochemically active cathode material is selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, gamma manganese dioxide, beta manganese dioxide, silver oxide, nickel oxide, nickel oxyhydroxide, copper oxide, copper salts, bismuth oxide, high-valence nickel compound, high-valence iron compound, and mixtures thereof.2. The primary AAA alkaline battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises nickel oxide.3. The primary AAA alkaline battery according to claim 2 , wherein the nickel oxide comprises nickel hydroxide claim 2 , nickel oxyhydroxide claim 2 , cobalt oxyhydroxide-coated nickel oxyhydroxide claim 2 , delithiated layered lithium nickel oxide claim 2 , partially delithiated layered nickel oxide claim 2 , or a mixture thereof.4. The primary AAA alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode material having a ...

PRIMARY ALKALINE BATTERY WITH INTEGRATED IN-CELL RESISTANCES

The invention is directed toward a primary AA alkaline battery. The primary AA alkaline battery includes an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte; and a separator between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes an electrochemically active anode material. The cathode includes an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrolyte includes a hydroxide. The primary AA alkaline battery has an integrated in-cell ionic resistance (R) at 22° C. of less than about 39 mΩ. 1. A primary AA alkaline battery comprising:an anode, the anode comprising an electrochemically active anode material;a cathode, the cathode comprising an electrochemically active cathode material;an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising a hydroxide;a separator therebetween the anode and the cathode; andan integrated in-cell ionic resistance (Ri) at 22° C. of less than about 39 mΩ;wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises a high-valence nickel compound, a delithiated layered lithium nickel oxide, a partially delithiated layered nickel oxide, or a mixture thereof.2. The primary AA alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode material having a specific cathode loading greater than about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter of cathode volume (g/cm).3. The primary AA alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode material having a specific cathode loading from about 2.9 g/cmto about 3.45 g/cm.4. The primary AA alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode material having a specific cathode loading from about 3.10 g/cmto about 3.25 g/cm.5. The primary AA alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode material having a cathode loading of at least about 9.0 grams.6. The primary AA alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode material having a cathode loading from about 9.7 grams to about 11.5 grams.7. The primary AA alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode ...

Primary alkaline battery with integrated in-cell resistances

The invention is directed toward a primary AAA alkaline battery. The primary AAA alkaline battery includes an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte; and a separator between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes an electrochemically active anode material. The cathode includes an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrolyte includes a hydroxide. The primary AA alkaline battery has an integrated in-cell ionic resistance (R i ) at 22° C. of less than about 39 mΩ.

Rechargeable copper-zinc cell

A rechargeable cell comprising h combination a bipolar electrode, a zinc electrolyte, a copper electrolyte and metal-ion impermeable, polymer electrochemical membrane separator, wherein the zinc electrolyte and the copper electrolyte are separated from each other by the bipolar electrode on one side and by the membrane separator on the other side. A battery comprising at least one said rechargeable cell.

ALKALINE CELL WITH IMPROVED RELIABILITY AND DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE

A negative electrode for an alkaline battery cell which includes zinc-based particles, wherein less than 20% of the zinc-based particles, by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode, have a particle size of greater than about 150 micrometers, is provided. An alkaline electrochemical cell that includes the negative electrode and a method for reducing the gassing of the electrochemical cell is also provided. 1. A negative electrode for an alkaline battery cell comprising zinc-based particles , wherein less than 20% of the zinc-based particles , by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode , have a particle size of greater than about 150 micrometers.2. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein about 10% to about 20% of the zinc-based particles claim 1 , by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode claim 1 , have a particle size of greater than about 150 micrometers.3. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the zinc-based particles have an aspect ratio of from about 1.85 to about 4.15.4. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the zinc-based particles have a roundness of at least 1.5.5. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the zinc-based particles have an apparent density of about 2.40 g/cmto about 3.15 g/cm.6. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the zinc-based particles are zinc alloy particles having an average particle size of about 100 micrometers to about 130 micrometers.7. (canceled)8. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein about 20% to about 70% of the zinc-based particles claim 1 , by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode claim 1 , have a particle size of less than about 75 micrometers.9. The negative electrode of claim 8 , wherein about 20% to about 45% by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode have a particle size of less than about 75 micrometers claim 8 , about 1% to about 10% by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode have a particle size of less than about 45 ...

OPTIMIZED ELECTRODE DESIGN FOR GRAPHENE BASED ANODES

A negative electrode of a lithium ion electrochemical cell, the negative electrode including an active electrode material that includes a first component and a second component. The first component may include graphene, silicon, or a combination thereof. The second component may include silicon. The active electrode material may include particles in which the second component is encapsulated by the first component. The negative electrode may have an internal porosity of between 40 to 60 percent. 1. An electrode , comprising active electrode material comprising a first component comprising graphene , graphene oxide , or a combination thereof and a second component different than the first component ,wherein the electrode has an internal porosity that ranges from about 40 to about 60 percent.2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the second component is selected from the group consisting of silicon claim 1 , silicon oxide claim 1 , tin claim 1 , tin oxide claim 1 , antimony claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , silver claim 1 , germanium claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , lead claim 1 , bismuth claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , lithium titanium oxide claim 1 , alloys thereof claim 1 , intermetallics thereof claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the active electrode material comprises particles comprising the second component encapsulated by the first component.4. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein the active electrode material has a particle size distribution that ranges from about 0.5 μm to about 10 μm.5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the second component has a particle size distribution that ranges from about 30 nm to about 50 nm.6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode has a thickness that ranges from about 5 μm to about 50 μm.8. A method of fabricating an electrode claim 1 , the method comprising:mixing an active electrode material with a binder to form a mixture, the active ...

NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION AND NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY USING SAME

The object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which has excellent balance of general performance with respect to performance including durability, capacity, resistance, and output characteristics. Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode each being capable of occluding and releasing metal ions, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains an electrolyte, a nonaqueous solvent, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a fluorosulfonyl structure (—SOF), a difluorophosphate, and an isocyanate compound, and wherein the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material containing metal particles capable of alloying with Li and graphite particles. 1: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode each being capable of occluding and releasing metal ions , and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution , the nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising an electrolyte , a nonaqueous solvent , and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a fluorosulfonyl structure (—SOF) , a difluorophosphate , and an isocyanate compound , and the negative electrode having a negative electrode active material containing metal particles capable of alloying with Li and graphite particles.2: The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the metal particles capable of alloying with Li are at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Si claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , As claim 1 , Sb claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , and W or a metal compound thereof.3: The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the metal particles capable of alloying with Li are Si or Si metal oxide.4: The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode active material ...

Alkaline battery

An alkaline battery has a positive electrode mixture containing manganese dioxide and a conductive material filling a tubular positive electrode can that is closed at one end. A negative electrode mixture containing a zinc powder filling on an inner peripheral side of a separator is disposed on an inside of the positive electrode mixture. The negative electrode mixture contains zinc particles with a granularity of 75 μm or less at 25 to 40 mass %. The positive electrode mixture has a plurality of tubular pellets stacked inside the positive electrode can coaxially with the positive electrode can. A sum s of lengths of gaps between the pellets is set at 1 to 14% with respect to a sum d of lengths of the pellets. Thus, a sufficient amount of the electrolyte is held in the gaps and between the pellets in the positive electrode.

Voltage-enhanced energy storage devices

The present disclosure provides an energy storage device comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative current collector, a negative electrode in electrical communication with the negative current collector, an electrolyte in electrical communication with the negative electrode, a positive electrode in electrical communication with the electrolyte and a positive current collector in electrical communication with the positive electrode. The negative electrode comprises an alkali metal. Upon discharge, the electrolyte provides charged species of the alkali metal. The positive electrode can include a Group IIIA, IVA, VA and VIA of the periodic table of the elements, or a transition metal (e.g., Group 12 element).

Nanosilicon material preparation for functionalized group iva particle frameworks

Functionalized Group IVA particles, methods of preparing the Group IVA particles, and methods of using the Group IVA particles are provided. The Group IVA particles may be passivated with at least one layer of material covering at least a portion of the particle. The layer of material may be a covalently bonded non-dielectric layer of material. The Group IVA particles may be used in various technologies, including lithium ion batteries and photovoltaic cells.

Composite Negative Electrode for All-Solid-State Battery

A composite negative electrode for an all-solid-state battery is provided. The composite negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes unit cells arranged with a gap therebetween, and wherein the unit cells include a solid electrolyte and a carbon material dispersed in the solid electrolyte. 1. A composite negative electrode for an all-solid-state battery , the composite negative electrode comprising:a negative electrode current collector; anda negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector;wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes unit cells arranged with a gap therebetween; andwherein the unit cells include a solid electrolyte and a carbon material dispersed in the solid electrolyte.2. The composite negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the unit cells are formed in a random array or in an m×n array claim 1 , and wherein the m×n array is configured such that a number of unit cells arranged in a transverse direction is m and a number of unit cells arranged in a longitudinal direction is n claim 1 , thus forming a total of m×n unit cells (wherein m and n are each independently a natural number equal to or greater than 1).3. The composite negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein lithium is precipitated in the gap between the unit cells during charging.4. The composite negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the unit cells satisfy an equation 5≤A/B≤2 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 , wherein A is a length of one side of a quadrangle when a planar cross-sectional shape of the unit cells is the quadrangle claim 1 , and B is a height of the unit cells.5. The composite negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the unit cells satisfy an equation 0.05≤A/C≤40 claim 1 , wherein A is a length of one side of a quadrangle when a planar cross- ...

ELECTRODE FOR SECONDARY BATTERY, PREPARATION THEREOF, AND SECONDARY BATTERY AND CABLE-TYPE SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING THE SAME

The present disclosure provides a sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery, comprising a current collector; an electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the current collector; a conductive layer formed on the electrode active material layer and comprising a conductive material and a binder; and a first porous supporting layer formed on the conductive layer. The sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery according to the present disclosure has supporting layers on at least one surfaces thereof to exhibit surprisingly improved flexibility and prevent the release of the electrode active material layer from a current collector even if intense external forces are applied to the electrode, thereby preventing the decrease of battery capacity and improving the cycle life characteristic of the battery. 1. A sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery , comprising:a current collector;an electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the current collector;a conductive layer formed on the electrode active material layer and comprising a conductive material and a binder; anda first porous supporting layer formed on the conductive layer.2. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the current collector is made of stainless steel claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , sintered carbon claim 1 , or copper; stainless steel treated with carbon claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , titanium or silver on the surface thereof; an aluminum-cadmium alloy; a non-conductive polymer treated with a conductive material on the surface thereof; a conductive polymer; a metal paste comprising metal powders of Ni claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Pd/Ag claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ba or ITO; or a carbon paste comprising carbon powders of graphite claim 1 , carbon black or carbon nanotube.3. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the current collector is in the ...

Zinc anode alkaline electrochemical cells containing bismuth

A negative electrode active material for a zinc anode alkaline electrochemical cell includes (i) particles, comprising bismuth, and (ii) powder, comprising zinc. The particles have an average particle size of at most 135 nm.

ZINC FOIL, PRIMARY BATTERY NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL USING SAME, AND ZINC FOIL PRODUCTION METHOD

A zinc foil is provided that can be used as a negative electrode active material, and in a battery including the zinc foil as a negative electrode active material, the amount of gas generated during long term storage of the battery is reduced as compared with that in a battery including a conventional zinc foil. The zinc foil contains zinc as a main material and bismuth. The bismuth content is 100 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less on a mass basis. The zinc crystal grain size is 0.2 μm or more and 8 μm or less. The bismuth crystal grain size is less than 1000 nm, as measured in a backscattered electron image obtained using a scanning electron microscope. The zinc foil is free of aluminum and/or lead, or even if the zinc foil contains aluminum and/or lead, the aluminum content is 1% or less on a mass basis and/or the lead content is 200 ppm or less on a mass basis. 1. A zinc foil comprising zinc as a main material and bismuth ,the zinc foil having a bismuth content of 100 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less on a mass basis, and a zinc crystal grain size of 0.2 μm or more and 8 μm or less.2. The zinc foil according to claim 1 ,wherein, in a bismuth mapping image with a virtual grid of squares each having a side length of 300 nm, bismuth is observed in 2% N or more of the squares relative to a total number of the squares, the bismuth mapping image being obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using a scanning electron microscope.3. The zinc foil according to claim 1 ,wherein a bismuth crystal grain size is less than 1000 nm, as measured in a backscattered electron image obtained using a scanning electron microscope.4. The zinc foil according to claim 1 ,wherein the zinc foil is free of aluminum and/or lead, or even if the zinc foil contains aluminum and/or lead, an aluminum content is 1% or less on a mass basis and/or a lead content is 200 ppm or less on a mass basis.5. The zinc foil according to claim 1 ,wherein the bismuth content is 150 ppm or more and 6000 ...

HOMOGENEOUS SOLID METALLIC ANODE FOR THIN FILM MICROBATTERY

A battery, comprising a cathode comprising a cathode material in contact with a cathode current collector. The battery also comprises an electrolyte. The battery also comprises an anode comprising an electroplated homogeneous solid metallic alloy comprising 100 ppm to 1000 ppm Bi and 100 ppm to 1000 ppm In, and a remainder Zn. 1. A method for forming a battery , the method comprising:fabricating a cathode in a first cavity in a first dielectric element;fabricating an anode in a second cavity in a second dielectric element, wherein the anode comprises an electroplated homogeneous solid metallic alloy comprising 100 ppm to 1000 ppm Bi, 100 ppm to 1000 ppm In, and a remainder Zn; andjoining the cathode and the anode in a complanate manner.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabricating of the cathode comprises the use of no more than two lithographic masks.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabricating of the anode comprises the use of no more than three lithographic masks.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabricating of the anode comprises the use of electroplating.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabricating of the anode comprises depositing an electrolyte separator material into the second cavity.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabricating of the anode in the second cavity in the second dielectric element comprises:electroplating the homogeneous solid metallic alloy on a seed metal that is present in the second cavity in the second dielectric element.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the electroplating comprises the use of a pulsed current.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of In is in a range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm and a concentration of Bi is in a range of 100 ppm to 500 ppm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the homogeneous solid metallic alloy has a resistivity in a range of about 5×10to 6×10ohm-m.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode has a thickness from 1 micron to 50 microns.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH A ZINC-INDIUM ELECTRODE

An electrochemical cell has an electrode which includes a zinc-indium alloy as electrochemically active material, wherein the alloy is present in the form of particles and the entirety of the particles is composed of at least two particle fractions differing in indium concentration. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising an electrode which includes a zinc-indium alloy as electrochemically active material , wherein the alloy is present in the form of particles and the entirety of the particles is composed of at least two particle fractions differing in indium concentration.2. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the total proportion of indium in the cell is claim 1 , in relation to the total amount of zinc in the cell claim 1 , 50 ppm to 5000 ppm.3. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the entirety of the particles comprises a first particle fraction composed of particles including an indium concentration of up to 2500 ppm claim 1 , and a second particle fraction composed of particles including an indium concentration of up to 10000 ppm claim 1 , wherein the indium concentration in the second particle fraction is higher than in the first fraction.4. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the indium concentration in the at least two particle fractions differ by at least the factor of 1.1.5. The cell according to claim 3 , where1% to 99% of the particles belong to the first particle fraction,1% to 99% of the particles belong to the second particle fraction,the percentages add up to 100%, if the entirety of particles is composed of two particle fractions.6. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the particles of the at least two particle fractions do not differ substantially in size.7. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an electrolyte claim 1 , in particular an alkaline electrolyte claim 1 , an electrode binder and a conductivity enhancing means.8. The cell according to claim ...

HYPER-DENDRITIC NANOPOROUS ZINC FOAM ANODES, METHODS OF PRODUCING THE SAME, AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE

Disclosed are hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam electrodes, viz., anodes, methods of producing the same, and methods for their use in electrochemical cells, especially in rechargeable electrical batteries. 1. An electrode comprising hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam.2. An electrode according to claim 1 , electrodeposited hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam upon a substrate or structure.3. An electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam comprises nanoparticles formed on secondary dendrites in a three-dimensional network.4. An electrode according to claim 3 , wherein the nanoparticles formed on secondary dendrites in a three-dimensional network with a particle size distribution of 54.1-96.0 nm.5. A method of forming an electrode according to claim 1 , which method comprises the step of:depositing zinc from an aqueous composition which includes zinc via electrodeposition onto a substrate or structure using an electrical overpotential to thereby form hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam having primary and secondary dendrites in a three-dimensional network.6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the zinc foam provides an electrical current pathway therethrough and to the substrate or structure.7. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the substrate or structure contains nickel.8. A method according to claim 5 , wherein said zinc foam is formed in potentiostatic charging conditions at −2.0 volt versus mercury/mercury oxide and higher claim 5 , in a three-electrode setup consisting of a platinum or nickel working electrode claim 5 , a mercury/mercury oxide reference electrode and a platinum or nickel counter electrode.9. A primary or secondary battery which comprises an electrode according to . This invention(s) disclosed herein was/were made with government support under Grant No. DE-AR0000400 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and Grant No. CMMI-1402872 awarded by the ...

Negative electrode active material for electric device

A negative electrode active material for an electric device includes an alloy containing silicon in a range from 33% by mass to 50% by mass, zinc in a range of greater than 0% by mass and less than or equal to 46% by mass exclusive, vanadium in a range from 21% by mass to 67% by mass, and inevitable impurities as a residue. The negative electrode active material can be obtained with a multi DC magnetron sputtering apparatus by use of, for example, silicon, zinc, and vanadium as targets. An electric device using the negative electrode active material can achieve long cycle life and ensure a high capacity and cycle durability.

MULTIVALENT METAL ION BATTERY HAVING A CATHODE LAYER OF PROTECTED GRAPHITIC CARBON AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

Provided is a method of producing a multivalent metal-ion battery comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode to support reversible deposition and dissolution of a multivalent metal, selected from Ni, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Ba, La, Ti, Ta, Zr, Nb, Mn, V, Co, Fe, Cd, Cr, Ga, In, or a combination thereof, at the anode, wherein the anode contains the multivalent metal or its alloy as an anode active material and the cathode comprises a cathode active layer of graphitic carbon particles or fibers that are coated with a protective material. Such a metal-ion battery delivers a high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life. 1. A method of manufacturing a multivalent metal-ion battery , comprising:(a) providing an anode containing a multivalent metal or its alloy, wherein said multivalent metal is selected from Ni, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Ba, La, Ti, Ta, Zr, Mn, V, Co, Fe, Cd, Cr, Ga, In, or a combination thereof;(b) providing a cathode active layer of graphitic carbon particles or fibers as a cathode active material that intercalates/de-intercalates ions; and(c) providing an electrolyte capable of supporting reversible deposition and dissolution of said multivalent metal at the anode and reversible adsorption/desorption and/or intercalation/de-intercalation of ions at the cathode;wherein said graphitic carbon particles or fibers are coated with a protective layer selected from carbonized resin, an ion-conducting polymer, an electrically conductive polymer, or a combination thereof; wherein said ion-conducting polymer is selected from the group consisting of sulfonated polymers, polypropylene oxide (PPO), poly bis-methoxy ethoxyethoxide-phosphazene, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), and combinations thereof; wherein said electrically conducting polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyfuran, bi-cyclic polymers, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof; ...

PRINTED SILVER OXIDE BATTERIES

An energy storage device, such as a silver oxide battery, can include a silver-containing cathode and an electrolyte having an ionic liquid. An anion of the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of: methanesulfonate, methylsulfate, acetate, and fluoroacetate. A cation of the ionic liquid can be selected from the group consisting of: imidazolium, pyridinium, ammonium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, sulfonium, and phosphonium. The energy storage device may include a printed or non-printed separator. The printed separator can include a gel including dissolved cellulose powder and the electrolyte. The non-printed separator can include a gel including at least partially dissolved regenerate cellulose and the electrolyte. An energy storage device fabrication process can include applying a plasma treatment to a surface of each of a cathode, anode, separator, and current collectors. The plasma treatment process can improve wettability, adhesion, electron and/or ionic transport across the treated surface. 1. A method of manufacturing an energy storage device , the method comprising:printing a first electrode over a substrate, wherein the first electrode comprises an ionic liquid comprising an anion selected from the group consisting of:methanesulfonate, methylsulfate, acetate, and fluoroacetate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is a basic ionic liquid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of: imidazolium claim 1 , pyridinium claim 1 , ammonium claim 1 , piperidinium claim 1 , pyrrolidinium claim 1 , sulfonium claim 1 , and phosphonium.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cation comprises at least one of a butyltrimethylammonium claim 3 , 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium claim 3 , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium claim 3 , 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium claim 3 , 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium claim 3 , choline claim 3 , ethylammonium claim 3 , tributylmethylphosphonium claim 3 , tributyl( ...

ALKALINE BATTERY WITH INTEGRATED IN-CELL RESISTANCES

The invention is directed toward an alkaline battery. The alkaline battery includes an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte; and a separator between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes an electrochemically active anode material. The cathode includes an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrolyte includes potassium hydroxide. The alkaline battery has an integrated in-cell ionic resistance (R) at 22° C. of less than about 39 mΩ. 1. An alkaline battery comprising:an anode, the anode comprising an electrochemically active anode material;a cathode, the cathode comprising an electrochemically active cathode material;an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising a hydroxide;a separator therebetween the anode and the cathode; andan integrated in-cell ionic resistance (Ri) at 22° C. of less than about 39 mΩ;wherein the electrochemically active cathode material is selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, gamma manganese dioxide, beta manganese dioxide, silver oxide, nickel oxide, nickel oxyhydroxide, copper oxide, copper salts, bismuth oxide, high-valence nickel compound, high-valence iron compound, and mixtures thereof.2. The alkaline battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises nickel oxide.3. The alkaline battery according to claim 2 , wherein the nickel oxide comprises nickel hydroxide claim 2 , nickel oxyhydroxide claim 2 , cobalt oxyhydroxide-coated nickel oxyhydroxide claim 2 , delithiated layered lithium nickel oxide claim 2 , partially delithiated layered nickel oxide claim 2 , or a mixture thereof.4. The alkaline battery of claim 1 , the electrochemically active cathode material having a specific cathode loading greater than about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter of cathode volume (g/cm).5. The alkaline battery of claim 1 ...

CATHODE FOR THIN FILM MICROBATTERY

A battery comprising an anode comprising anode material in contact with a metal anode current collector. The battery further comprises a cathode comprising cathode material in contact with a cathode current collector comprising a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The battery further comprises an electrolyte with a pH in a range of 3 to 7. 1. A method for forming a battery , the method comprising:fabricating a cathode side including a cathode material located in a cathode cavity formed in a first dielectric element;fabricating an anode side including an anode material located in an anode cavity formed in a second dielectric element; andjoining the cathode side and the anode side in a complanate manner.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabricating the cathode side comprises using no more than two lithographic masks.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fabricating the anode side comprises using no more than three lithographic masks.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fabricating the cathode side comprises:forming an adhesion metal layer in the cathode cavity and on a topmost surface of the first dielectric element;forming a transparent conductive oxide layer on the adhesion metal layer; andremoving end portions of the transparent conductive oxide and the adhesion metal layer that are present on the topmost surface of the first dielectric element.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the removing the end portions of the transparent conductive oxide and the adhesion metal layer comprises a subtractive photolithographic technique.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:forming polymer bondable seal material portions on portions of the transparent conductive oxide layer, while maintaining a surface of the transparent conductive oxide layer that is located within the cathode cavity physically exposed.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:forming the cathode material in the cathode cavity and directly contacting the physically exposed surface of the ...

Battery

A battery comprises a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte. The cathode comprises a cathode active material which is configured to reversibly intercalate-deintercalate a plurality of first metal ions. The electrolyte comprises at least a solvent configured to dissolve a solute, the solute being ionized to a plurality of second metal ions that can be reduced to a metallic state during a charge cycle and be oxidized from the metallic state to the second metal ions during a discharge cycle and the first metal ions The battery further comprises an anode modifier which is selected from at least one of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salt thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.

Anode active material-coated graphene sheets for lithium batteries and process for producing same

The present invention provides a process for producing a graphene-enhanced anode active material for use in a lithium battery. The process comprises (a) providing a continuous film of a graphene material into a deposition zone; (b) introducing vapor or atoms of a precursor anode active material into the deposition zone, allowing the vapor or atoms to deposit onto a surface of the graphene material film to form a sheet of an anode active material-coated graphene material; and (c) mechanically breaking this sheet into multiple pieces of anode active material-coated graphene; wherein the graphene material is in an amount of from 0.1% to 99.5% by weight and the anode active material is in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, all based on the total weight of the graphene material and the anode active material combined. 1. A process for producing an anode active material-coated graphene sheet for a lithium battery , said process comprising:(a) providing a continuous film of a graphene material into a deposition zone;(b) introducing vapor or atoms of a precursor anode active material into said deposition zone and depositing said vapor or atoms onto a surface of said graphene material to form a coated film of an anode active material-coated graphene material; and(c) mechanically breaking said coated film into multiple pieces of anode active material-coated graphene sheets;wherein said graphene material is in an amount of from 0.1% to 99.5% by weight and said anode active material is in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, all based on the total weight of said graphene material and said anode active material combined.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said graphene material is selected from pristine graphene claim 1 , graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced graphene oxide claim 1 , graphene fluoride claim 1 , graphene bromide claim 1 , graphene iodide claim 1 , boron-doped graphene claim 1 , nitrogen-doped graphene claim 1 , chemically functionalized graphene claim 1 , or a ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL DESALINATION SYSTEM WITH COUPLED ELECTRICITY STORAGE

A desalination and energy storage system comprises at least one water reservoir, at least one negative-ion redox electrode, at least one positive-ion redox electrode, a cation-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one negative-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir, and an anion-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one positive-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir. The at least one water reservoir comprises an input and an output, wherein water in the at least one water reservoir is reduced below a threshold concentration during a desalination operation mode. The at least one negative-ion electrode comprises a first solution and is configured to accept, and have, a reversible redox reaction with at least one negative ion in the water, and the at least one positive-ion electrode comprises a second solution and is configured to accept, and have, a reversible redox reaction with at least one positive ion in the water. 1. A reversible desalination and energy storage system , comprising:at least one water reservoir comprising an input and an output, wherein water in the at least one water reservoir is reduced below a threshold concentration during a desalination operation mode;at least one negative-ion redox electrode comprising a first solution of a first electrolyte material and configured to accept, and have a reversible redox reaction with, at least one negative ion in the water;at least one positive-ion redox electrode comprising a second solution of a second electrolyte material and configured to accept, and have a reversible redox reaction with, at least one positive ion in the water;a cation-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one negative-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir; andan anion-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one positive-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to remove dissolved ionic species from the water in the at ...

Anodes for use in biocompatible energization elements

Anode formulations and designs for use in biocompatible energization elements are described. In some examples, a field of use for the apparatus may include any biocompatible device or product that requires energization elements.

Biocompatible rechargable energization elements for biomedical devices

Methods and apparatus to form biocompatible energization elements are described. In some embodiments, the methods and apparatus to form the biocompatible energization elements involve forming cavities comprising active cathode chemistry. The active elements of the cathode and anode are sealed with a laminate stack of biocompatible material. In some embodiments, a field of use for the methods and apparatus may include any biocompatible device or product that requires energization elements.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM AND A METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

An energy storage system with a cathode and an anode separated by a separator, and an electrolyte. The anode includes a core of a specific metal and a coating on the core. The coating is a material other than an oxide of the specific metal. 1. An energy storage system comprising:a cathode and an anode separated by a separator, and the anode comprises a core made of a specific metal and a coating on the core, and', 'the coating is a material other than an oxide of the specific metal., 'an electrolyte, wherein'}2. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the coating has a standard electrode potential higher than that of the specific metal.3. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the coating is a material which comprises metal.4. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the metal comprises Zinc.5. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the metal comprises Tin.6. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys.7. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the aluminum alloys have a purity of at least 99%.8. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises a current collector and at least one active material.9. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the current collector comprises a material selected from the group consisting of pyrolytic graphite sheet claim 10 , conductive carbon paper claim 10 , and nickel foil.10. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the active material has one of the spinel structure claim 8 , the olivine structure claim 8 , and a laminated structure.11. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the active material is selected from the group of materials consisting of graphite claim 8 , Mxene claim 8 , LiFePO claim 8 , LiMnO claim 8 , LiMnO claim 8 , LiV(PO) claim 8 , and ...

Primary Alkaline Battery

A primary battery includes a cathode having a non-stoichiometric metal oxide including transition metals Ni, Mn, Co, or a combination of metal atoms, an alkali metal, and hydrogen; an anode; a separator between the cathode and the anode; and an alkaline electrolyte.

BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for monitoring and/or regulating energy storage devices. Examples of such monitoring and/or regulating include cell balancing, dynamic impedance control, breach detection and determination of state of charge of energy storage devices. 1130-. (canceled)131. A method comprising:(a) providing an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode, the electrolyte, and the positive electrode is in a liquid state at an operating temperature of the electrochemical cell that is at least about 250° C., and wherein a seal isolates the negative electrode, the electrolyte, and the positive electrode from an environment external to the electrochemical cell;(b) monitoring the electrochemical cell for an electrical signature from within the electrochemical cell to determine (i) an exposure of at least one of the positive electrode, the electrolyte, and the negative electrode in the electrochemical cell to the environment, and (ii) a breach of the seal, wherein the environment comprises an atmosphere comprising nitrogen; and(c) in response to the electrical signature, inactivating the electrochemical cell, cooling the electrochemical cell, discharging the electrochemical cell, or notifying a system operator.132. The method of claim 131 , wherein the atmosphere comprising the nitrogen entering into the electrochemical cell is sufficient for measuring the electrical signature.133. The method of claim 131 , wherein the electrical signature corresponds to (i) a leakage current that is increased relative to a baseline leakage current associated with an unbreached cell claim 131 , (ii) a self-discharge rate of the electrochemical cell that is increased relative to a baseline self-discharge rate associated with an unbreached cell claim 131 , (iii) a charge/discharge Coulombic efficiency value that is decreasing over time or is below a baseline Coulombic ...

HIGH EFFICIENCY ZINC-IODINE ADSORPTION-AIDED FLOW BATTERY WITH A LOW COST MEMBRANE

A flow battery system and methods are provided for eliminating crossover issues of active materials in redox flow batteries. A solid adsorbent with large specific surface area is disposed in an electrolyte of at least one half-cell, in contact with the electrolyte. During a charging process, the active material in a charged state is captured and stored on surfaces of the adsorbent, so that concentrations of the active material in the electrolyte in the charged state is reduced and the crossover is inhibited. During a discharging process, the active material is desorbed from the adsorbent to the electrolyte and pumped into the stack for reaction. The flow battery stack can have a microporous membrane separator. The electrolyte of the flow battery includes zinc iodide as active material and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an additive. 1. A flow battery system , comprising:{'sub': c', 'd', 'c', 'd, 'an anolyte comprising a first active material having a charged state Aand a discharged state A;a catholyte comprising a second active material having a charged state Band discharged state B;'}an anode configured to be in contact with the anolyte;a cathode configured to be in contact with the catholyte;a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and{'sup': 2', '−1, 'a plurality of solid adsorbents with a specific surface area larger than 20 mg.'}2. The flow battery system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of solid adsorbents is disposed in one or both of the anolyte and the catholyte claim 1 , and wherein during charging claim 1 , the charged active material Aand/or Bis adsorbed on surfaces of the adsorbents and stored in the anolyte and/or the catholyte claim 1 , and during discharging claim 1 , Aand/or Bis desorbed from surfaces of the adsorbents to the anolyte and/or the catholyte claim 1 , and the discharged active material Aand/or Bis dissolved in the anolyte and/or the catholyte.3. The flow battery system of claim 2 , wherein the anolyte or catholyte is ...

ALKALINE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS WITH SEPARATOR AND ELECTROLYTE COMBINATION

An alkaline electrochemical cell having an anode including electrochemically active anode material, a cathode including electrochemically active cathode material, a separator between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes a hydroxide dissolved in water. The separator in combination with the electrolyte has an initial area-specific resistance between about 100 mOhm-cmand about 220 mOhm-cm. 1. An alkaline electrochemical cell comprising an anode including an electrochemically active anode material , a cathode including an electrochemically active cathode material , a separator between said anode and said cathode , and an electrolyte comprising an ionically-conductive component dissolved in water , and the separator in combination with the electrolyte has an initial area-specific resistance between about 100 mOhm-cmand about 220 mOhm-cm.2. The alkaline electrochemical cell of wherein initial area-specific resistance is between about 150 mOhm-cmand about 200 mOhm-cm.3. The alkaline electrochemical cell of having a final area-specific resistance less than about 500 mOhm-cm.4. The alkaline electrochemical cell of having a final area-specific resistance between about 200 mOhm-cmand about 500 mOhm-cm.5. The alkaline electrochemical cell of having an ASR ratio of less than about 1.9.6. The alkaline electrochemical cell of having an ASR ratio from about 1.2 to about 1.65.7. The alkaline electrochemical cell of wherein the anode material is selected from the group consisting of zinc claim 1 , zinc alloys claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , and metal hydride.8. The alkaline electrochemical cell of wherein the cathode material is selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide claim 1 , manganese dioxide claim 1 , electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) claim 1 , chemical manganese dioxide (CMD) claim 1 , high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD) claim 1 , lambda manganese dioxide claim 1 , silver oxide claim 1 , nickel oxide ...

LIQUID POWERED ASSEMBLY

A liquid powered assembly including a housing; a removable bottom base; a seal; an electrolyte battery assembly; and, a liquid powered device is described. The housing includes an upper end portion and a lower end portion. The housing has a volume for containing an electrolyte solution. The lower end portion has a fluid inlet. The removable bottom base has a bottom surface for supporting the liquid powered assembly. A seal engages the housing and the removable bottom base to help contain the liquid. An electrolyte battery assembly is positioned within the housing. A liquid powered device is operably attached to the electrolyte battery assembly. To function, the housing and the removable bottom base are detached relative to each other and the housing is turned substantially upside down to allow filling of the housing via the inlet. The bottom base is then attached to the housing and the assembly is then inverted for use. 1. A liquid powered assembly , comprising:a housing, having a generally spherical shape, including an upper end portion and a lower end portion, said housing having a volume therein for containing an electrolyte solution, said lower end portion having a fluid inlet;a removable bottom base removably attached to said lower end portion of said housing, said removable bottom base having a bottom surface for supporting said liquid powered assembly, a stem of said lower end portion of said housing threading into said removable bottom base;wherein said base is under a majority of a diameter of said housing when said housing sits atop said base;a seal for engaging said housing and said removable bottom base for providing fluidic sealing engagement therebetween at said fluid inlet, said seal being a disc positioned under said housing and above said removable bottom base;an electrolyte battery assembly positioned within said housing, said electrolyte battery assembly having two sets of metal rods disposed centrally within said housing; and, 'to provide ...

NICKEL-ZINC BATTERY

Provided is a highly reliable nickel-zinc battery, which includes a separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability. The separator is disposed in a hermetic container to separate a positive-electrode chamber from a negative-electrode chamber. The positive-electrode chamber has an extra positive-electrode space having a volume that meets part of a variation in amount of water in association with the positive electrode reaction, and the negative-electrode chamber has an extra negative-electrode space having a volume that meets part of a variation in amount of water in association with the negative electrode reaction. The battery further includes a gas-liquid flow channel that connects the extra positive-electrode space to the extra negative-electrode space, and the gas-liquid flow channel allows the electrolytic solution and gas in the positive-electrode and negative-electrode chambers to pass through the flow channel in response to a variation in amount of water caused by charge and discharge reactions. 1. A nickel-zinc battery comprising:a positive electrode comprising nickel hydroxide and/or nickel oxyhydroxide;a positive-electrode electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, the positive electrode being immersed in the positive-electrode electrolytic solution;a negative electrode comprising zinc and/or zinc oxide;a negative-electrode electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, the negative electrode being immersed in the negative-electrode electrolytic solution;a hermetic container accommodating the positive electrode, the positive-electrode electrolytic solution, the negative electrode, and the negative-electrode electrolytic solution; anda separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability, the separator being disposed in the hermetic container so as to separate a positive-electrode chamber accommodating the positive electrode and the positive-electrode electrolytic solution from a ...

NICKEL-ZINC BATTERY

Provided is a highly reliable nickel-zinc battery including a separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability. The nickel-zinc battery includes a positive electrode containing nickel hydroxide and/or nickel oxyhydroxide; a positive-electrode electrolytic solution in which the positive electrode is immersed, the electrolytic solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide; a negative electrode containing zinc and/or zinc oxide; a negative-electrode electrolytic solution in which the negative electrode is immersed, the electrolytic solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide; a hermetic container accommodating the positive electrode, the positive-electrode electrolytic solution, the negative electrode, and the negative-electrode electrolytic solution; and the separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability and disposed in the hermetic container so as to separate a positive-electrode chamber from a negative-electrode chamber. The alkali metal hydroxide concentration of the positive-electrode electrolytic solution differs from that of the negative-electrode electrolytic solution. 1. A nickel-zinc battery comprising:a positive electrode comprising nickel hydroxide and/or nickel oxyhydroxide;a positive-electrode electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, the positive electrode being immersed in the positive-electrode electrolytic solution;a negative electrode comprising zinc and/or zinc oxide;a negative-electrode electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, the negative electrode being immersed in the negative-electrode electrolytic solution;a hermetic container accommodating the positive electrode, the positive-electrode electrolytic solution, the negative electrode, and the negative-electrode electrolytic solution; anda separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability, the separator being disposed in the hermetic container so as to separate a positive-electrode ...

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE CELL AND SHEET-TYPE CELL

A negative electrode for an aqueous electrolyte cell disclosed in the present application contains an electrolytic zinc foil as an active material layer. The electrolytic zinc foil is preferably composed of zinc alloy containing Bi in a proportion of 0.001 to 0.2% by mass. A sheet-type cell disclosed in the present application includes a sheet-type outer case and a power generation element contained in the sheet-type outer case. The power generation element includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an aqueous electrolyte solution. The negative electrode is the negative electrode for an aqueous electrolyte cell of the present application. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. A sheet-type cell comprising:a sheet-type outer case: and a positive electrode;', 'a negative electrode;', 'a separator; and', 'an aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein, 'a power generation element contained in the sheet-type outer case, the power generation element comprising 'the electrolytic zinc foil is composed of zinc alloy containing 0.001 to 0.2% by mass of Bi, and', 'the negative electrode comprises an electrolytic zinc foil as an active material layer,'}the aqueous electrolyte solution is an aqueous solution which contains an electrolyte salt and has a pH of 4 or more and less than 12, or an alkaline electrolyte solution.6. The sheet-type cell according to claim 5 , wherein the aqueous electrolyte solution has a pH of less than 7.7. The sheet-type cell according to claim 5 , wherein the electrolytic zinc foil is composed of zinc alloy containing 0.02 to 0.07% by mass of Bi.8. The sheet-type cell according to claim 5 , wherein the electrolytic zinc foil does not contain In claim 5 , or contains 0.04% by mass or less of In.9. The sheet-type cell according to claim 5 , wherein the sheet-type outer case is formed of a resin film comprising an electrically insulating moisture barrier layer.10. The sheet-type cell according to claim 5 , wherein ...

METAL-AIR FUEL CELL

A method of charging a metal-air fuel cell. The method includes a step of orienting an anode chamber horizontally. The method further method includes a step of providing metal particles suspended in an electrolyte to flow through the anode chamber in a downstream direction oriented horizontally. The method further method includes a step of allowing a bed of the metal particles to form on the anode current collector. The plurality of particle collectors perturb the flow of electrolyte through the anode chamber and encourage settling of the particles one of on and between the particle collectors. The method further method includes a step of maintaining uniform formation of the bed. 1. A method of charging a metal-air fuel cell , the method comprising the steps of:(a) orienting an anode chamber horizontally wherein a corresponding anode current collector is positioned below the anode chamber, the anode current collector comprising a plurality of particle collectors projecting into the anode chamber;(b) providing metal particles suspended in an electrolyte to flow through the anode chamber in a downstream direction oriented horizontally;(c) allowing a bed of the metal particles to form on the anode current collector, wherein the plurality of particle collectors perturb the flow of electrolyte through the anode chamber and encourage settling of the particles one of on and between the particle collectors; and(d) maintaining uniform formation of the bed.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises at least one of:(i) maintaining the flow of the metal particles suspended in the electrolyte at a predetermined flow rate; and(ii) periodically stopping the flow of the metal particles suspended in the electrolyte.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein step (d) comprises providing a uniform flow of the electrolyte through the anode chamber.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein providing the uniform flow comprises providing a continuous pressure ...

ZINC ELECTRODE FOR USE IN RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

The present invention relates to zinc electrode and to methods of producing zinc electrode and particularly to a method of producing zinc electrode providing dimensional/geometrical stability during a battery charge/discharge operation. The invention provides methods of use of batteries comprising the zinc electrode of this invention. Applications of batteries of this invention include electric vehicles, portable electronics and drones. 1. A method for producing a zinc electrode , comprising:a) preparing a homogeneous mixture comprising zinc or zinc alloy powder and a polymer powdered material;b) pasting, pressing or rolling the homogeneous mixture on top and/or around a current collector thus forming a dry green compact;c) sintering the formed dry green compact at a sintering temperature above the melting point of said polymer powdered material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said homogeneous mixture further comprises a precursor of a stabilizing agent.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said precursor is aluminum hydroxide and said stabilizing agent is AlO.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said sintering step is conducted at a temperature above the precursor/stabilizing agent phase-transition temperature.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sintering temperature ranges between 120° C. and 350° C.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said sintering temperature ranges between 250° C. and 350° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , said current collector comprises a silver-coated nickel screen.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said homogeneous mixture further comprising zinc oxide or zinc oxide alloyed powder.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the percentage of said zinc oxide or zinc oxide alloyed powder in said homogeneous mixture is between 99.0-1.0 wt % zinc oxide or zinc oxide alloyed powder.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said homogeneous mixture further comprises a gelling agent.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said homogeneous mixture ...

AIR ELECTRODE MATERIAL, AIR ELECTRODE, AND METAL AIR BATTERY

The air electrode for a metal air battery includes carbon nanotubes and an electron conductive material. A content amount of the carbon nanotubes in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 0.1 vol % and less than or equal to 50 vol %. A content amount of the electron conductive material in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 30 vol % and less than or equal to 99 vol %. 1. An air electrode material for a metal air battery , comprising ,carbon nanotubes, andan electron conductive material, whereina content amount of the carbon nanotubes in the air electrode material is greater than or equal to 0.1 vol % and less than or equal to 50 vol %, anda content amount of the electron conductive material in the air electrode material is greater than or equal to 30 vol % and less than or equal to 99 vol %.2. An air electrode for a metal air battery , comprising carbon nanotubes , andan electron conductive material, whereina content amount of the carbon nanotubes in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 0.1 vol % and less than or equal to 50 vol %, anda content amount of the electron conductive material in the air electrode is greater than or equal to 30 vol % and less than or equal to 99 vol %.3. The air electrode according to claim 2 , wherein the carbon nanotubes function as a binder.4. The air electrode according to further comprising claim 2 ,an organic binder, whereina content amount of the organic binder in the air electrode is less than or equal to 10 vol %.5. The air electrode according to further comprising claim 2 ,a hydroxide ion conductive material.6. The air electrode according to claim 2 , wherein the electron conductive material is perovskite oxide that is expressed by the general formula ABO (wherein δ≦0.4).7. The air electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the perovskite oxide includes at least La at the A site and that includes at least Ni claim 6 , Fe and Cu at the B site.8. The air electrode according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon ...

Battery, battery pack, and uninterruptible power supply

A battery, including a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte solution. The cathode includes a cathode active substance and a cathode current collector. The electrolyte solution includes first metal ions and second metal ions. In a charging/discharging process, the first metal ions can be reversibly deintercalated-intercalated at the cathode, the second metal ions can be reduced and deposited as a second metal at the anode, and the second metal can be oxidized and dissolved back to the second metal ions. The anode includes a anode active substance and a anode current collector. A lead-containing substance is provided on a surface of the anode active substance and/or in the electrolyte solution. A mass ratio of lead in the lead-containing substance to the battery is not greater than 1000 ppm.

ZINC ELECTRODE FOR USE IN RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

The present invention relates to zinc electrode and to methods of producing zinc electrode and particularly to a method of producing zinc electrode providing dimensional/geometrical stability during a battery charge/discharge operation. The invention provides methods of use of batteries comprising the zinc electrode of this invention. Applications of batteries of this invention include electric vehicles, portable electronics and drones. 2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a stabilizing agent.3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the porosity of said electrode is at least 35%.5. The electrode of claim 4 , wherein said composition further comprises between 0.1-20 wt % stabilizing agent wherein said wt % is from the total weight of said composition.7. The battery of claim 6 , wherein said composition further comprises a stabilizing agent.8. The battery of claim 6 , wherein the porosity of said anode is at least 35%.10. The battery of claim 9 , wherein said composition further comprises between 0.1-20 wt % stabilizing agent claim 9 , wherein said wt % is from the total weight of said composition.11. A composition for the preparation of a rechargeable zinc electrode claim 9 , said composition comprising:a) a zinc powder or zinc alloy powder;b) optionally a zinc oxide or a zinc oxide alloyed powder;c) a thermoplastic organic binder material;d) optionally a pore former material; ande) optionally a gelling agent.12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein said composition further comprises a precursor of a stabilizing agent.14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein said composition further comprises between 0.1-20 wt % of a precursor of a stabilizing agent wherein said wt % is from the total weight of said composition.15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein said precursor of a stabilizing agent is aluminum hydroxide.16. The composition of claim 11 , wherein said organic binder material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) claim 11 , ...

ALKALINE BATTERY WITH GAP BETWEEN PELLETS

An alkaline battery is made by press-fitting a plurality of tubular positive electrode pellets inside of an open end of a cylindrical positive electrode can. The press-fitting is performed in such a manner as to stack the positive electrode pellets coaxially inside of and in contact with the positive electrode can, with gaps between adjacent positive electrode pellets. A separator is disposed inside of the tubular pellets, and a negative electrode mixture is placed inside of the separator. A negative electrode current collector is inserted into the negative electrode mixture, and the opening at the open end of the positive electrode can is sealed with a negative electrode terminal plate. 13-. (canceled)4. A method of making an alkaline battery comprising:press-fitting a plurality of positive electrode pellets inside of an open end of a positive electrode can, the positive electrode can being cylindrical in shape and closed at an end opposite to the open end,the positive electrode pellets being tubular in shape, the press-fitting being performed in such a manner as to stack the positive electrode pellets coaxially inside of and in contact with the positive electrode can, with gaps between adjacent positive electrode pellets, the tubular positive electrode pellets extending only a fixed, predetermined distance towards an axis of the positive electrode can, the gaps and the positive electrode pellets having a ratio of a sum s of length of the gaps between the positive electrode pellets axially along the positive electrode can to a sum d of lengths of the positive electrode pellets axially along the positive electrode can, the ratio being 1 to 14%,the press-fitting being followed by disposing a separator inside of cylindrical inner side surfaces of the tubular pellets, followed byfilling an inner peripheral side of the separator with a negative electrode mixture, followed byinserting a negative electrode current collector into the negative electrode mixture; followed ...

Air electrode/separator assembly and zinc-air secondary battery

Provided is an air electrode/LDH separator assembly including: a rigid porous layer having rigidity and air permeability, wherein the rigidity is defined as a proportion of displacement in a compression direction of less than 3% when pressurized at 0.1 MPa; an air electrode layer that covers both sides of the rigid porous layer, or both sides and end faces of the rigid porous layer provided that at least one end face is excluded; and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) separator that covers an outside of the air electrode layer; wherein i) the rigid porous layer is made of a metal or an electrically conductive ceramic, whereby the rigid porous layer itself functions as a positive electrode current collector, or ii) the rigid porous layer is made of an insulating material and is covered with a porous metal layer, whereby the porous metal layer functions as a positive electrode current collector.

CABLE-TYPE SECONDARY BATTERY

The present invention relates to a cable-type secondary battery having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and extending longitudinally, comprising: a core for supplying lithium ions, which comprises an electrolyte; an inner electrode, comprising an open-structured inner current collector surrounding the outer surface of the core for supplying lithium ions, an inner electrode active material layer formed on the surface of the inner current collector, and an electrolyte-absorbing layer formed on the outer surface of the inner electrode active material layer; a separation layer surrounding the outer surface of the inner electrode to prevent a short circuit between electrodes; and an outer electrode surrounding the outer surface of the separation layer and comprising an outer electrode active material layer and an outer current collector. 1. (canceled)2. A cable-type secondary battery comprising:a core including an electrolyte for supplying lithium ions;an inner electrode, comprising an inner current collector surrounding the core for supplying lithium ions, an inner electrode active material layer formed on a surface of the inner current collector, and an electrolyte-absorbing layer formed on an outer surface of the inner electrode active material layer;a separation layer surrounding an outer surface of the inner electrode to prevent a short circuit between electrodes; andan outer electrode surrounding an outer surface of the separation layer and comprising an outer electrode active material layer and an outer current collector.3. A cable-type secondary battery comprising:a core including an electrolyte for supplying lithium ions;an inner electrode, comprising an inner current collector surrounding the core for supplying lithium ions, an inner electrode active material layer formed on a surface of the inner current collector, and an electrolyte-absorbing layer formed on an outer surface of the inner electrode active material layer; andan outer ...

GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE AND USE THEREOF

A gas diffusion electrode may be provided comprising an electron conducting layer with a first side and an opposite second side, wherein the first side is provided with a microstructuring, wherein the gas diffusion electrode additionally has a hydrophobic membrane with a first side and an opposite second side, wherein the second side of the membrane is arranged on the first side of the electron conducting layer. A battery or an accumulator or an electrolyser or a galvanic cell may be provided with a gas diffusion electrode of this type. 1. A method comprising:forming a micro-structuring on an electron conducting layer by irradiating the electron conducting layer with laser radiation, the electron conducting layer having a first side and an opposite second side, the micro-structuring formed on the first side of the electron conducting layer, wherein the micro-structuring comprises a plurality of cone-shaped projections pointing away from the first side of the electron conducting layer, wherein each of the cone-shaped projections has a base diameter, a height, and an aspect ratio of the base diameter to the height within a range from approximately 1:3 to 3:1, and wherein the cone-shaped projections each has a base with a diameter in a range from approximately 10 μm to approximately 30 μm and a tip having a diameter from approximately 1 μm to approximately 5 μm; andforming a gas diffusion electrode by bringing the hydrophilic first side of the electron conducting layer and a hydrophobic membrane in contact with each other, the hydrophobic membrane having a first side and an opposite second side, wherein the second side of the membrane is arranged on the first side of the electron conducting layer, wherein the electron conducting layer comprises a plurality of electrolyte channels each of which extends from the first side of the electron conducting layer to the second side of the electron conducting layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the membrane comprises poly- ...

ALKALINE SECONDARY BATTERY

In an alkaline secondary battery including a gelled negative electrode containing zinc alloy powder, an aspect ratio of a particle of the zinc alloy powder is within a range of 2.0-2.4, and the zinc alloy contains 150-350 ppm of bismuth, and 600-1500 ppm of indium. 1. An alkaline secondary battery , comprising:a gelled negative electrode containing zinc alloy powder, whereinan aspect ratio of a particle of the zinc alloy powder is within a range of 2.0-2.4, and the zinc alloy contains 150-350 ppm of bismuth, and 600-1500 ppm of indium.2. The alkaline secondary battery of claim 1 , whereina positive electrode contains manganese dioxide.3. The alkaline secondary battery of claim 1 , whereina mass ratio of bismuth to indium in the zinc alloy is within a range of 1:3-1:6.4. The alkaline secondary battery of claim 1 , whereinthe zinc alloy powder contains particles having a particle size of 75 μm or less in a proportion of 5-18% by mass. The present invention relates to alkaline secondary batteries having high resistance to electrolyte leakage.In recent years, with an increase in environmental awareness, a need exists for charge/discharge use of alkaline dry batteries which are primary batteries. Used alkaline dry batteries can be reused by being charged; however, in some cases, charge/discharge use of alkaline dry batteries designed as primary batteries and remaining unchanged do not provide sufficient performance which should be achieved by secondary batteries.For example, when alkaline dry batteries used as primary batteries are used as secondary batteries, this cannot provide sufficient cycle characteristics.To address this problem, PATENT DOCUMENT 1 describes an alkaline secondary battery in which a reduction in self-discharge and improvement in cycle characteristics are achieved by using a negative electrode obtained by adding a composite zinc oxide of zinc, indium, bismuth, etc., to a zinc alloy containing indium, bismuth, etc.In contrast, when an alkaline dry ...

ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING THE SAME

Disclosed herein are an anode active material and a secondary battery comprising the same, and more specifically, an anode active material comprising a graphite carbon material coated with an amorphous carbon material comprising metal particles, and a secondary battery comprising the same. 2. The anode active material of claim 1 , wherein the graphite carbon material is one selected from the group consisting of natural graphite claim 1 , artificial graphite claim 1 , graphitized coke claim 1 , graphitized carbon fiber claim 1 , graphitized mesocarbon microbead claim 1 , and any mixtures thereof.3. The anode active material of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer is formed by dispersing the metal particles in the amorphous carbon material.4. The anode active material of claim 3 , wherein the metal particle is one selected from the group consisting of chromium claim 3 , tin claim 3 , silicon claim 3 , aluminum claim 3 , nickel claim 3 , zinc claim 3 , cobalt claim 3 , manganese and any mixtures thereof.5. The anode active material of claim 3 , wherein the metal particle has a diameter of 20 nm to 100 nm.6. The anode active material of claim 3 , wherein the metal particles are dispersed in the amorphous carbon material by using a dispersant claim 3 , the dispersant being selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid claim 3 , polyacrylate claim 3 , polymethacrylic acid claim 3 , polymethyl methacrylate claim 3 , polyacrylamide claim 3 , carboxymethyl cellulose claim 3 , polyvinyl acetate claim 3 , polymaleic acid claim 3 , polyethylene glycol claim 3 , polyvinyl-based resins and any copolymers thereof.7. The anode active material of claim 3 , wherein the metal particles are dispersed in the amorphous carbon material by using a block copolymer comprising blocks having high affinity with the metal particles and blocks having low affinity with the metal particles.8. The anode active material of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous carbon material is one selected from ...

BATTERY

Disclosed is a battery comprising a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte; the cathode comprises a cathode material, the cathode material comprises a cathode active material which is capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating a first metal ions; the electrolyte comprises at least a solvent capable of dissolving solute, the solute being ionized to a second metal ions that can be reduced to a metallic state during a charge cycle and be oxidized from the metallic state to the second metal ions during a discharge cycle and the first metal ions that can deintercalate from the cathode active material during the charge cycle and intercalate into the cathode active material during the discharge cycle; and the anode and/or the electrolyte further comprise an additive which is a bismuth compound. The gas production amount could be effectively reduced when the battery is being used. 1. A battery comprising:a cathode;an anode; andan electrolyte;wherein the cathode comprises a cathode material, the cathode material comprising a cathode active material which is configured to reversibly intercalate-deintercalate a plurality of first metal ions;wherein the electrolyte comprises at least a solvent configured to dissolve a solute, the solute being ionized to a plurality of second metal ions that can be reduced to a metallic state during a charge cycle and be oxidized from the metallic state to the plurality of second metal ions during a discharge cycle, and the first plurality of metal ions are configured to deintercalate from the cathode active material during the charge cycle and intercalate into the cathode active material during the discharge cycle; andwherein at least one of the anode and the electrolyte further comprise an additive which comprises a bismuth compound.2. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the bismuth compound is selected from the group consisting of a bismuth trioxide and a bismuth nitrate.3. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

METHOD FOR FORMING ZINC ALLOY POWDER FOR USE IN ALKALINE BATTERY

A method for forming a zinc alloy powder for use in an alkaline battery includes: obtaining a zinc molten metal in which zinc is melted; melting a zinc-aluminum master alloy in the zinc molten metal, thereby obtaining an aluminum-contained zinc alloy molten metal; and producing an aluminum-contained zinc alloy powder by powdering the aluminum-contained zinc alloy molten metal. 1. A method for forming a zinc alloy powder for use in an alkaline battery , comprising:obtaining a zinc molten metal in which zinc is melted;melting a zinc-aluminum master alloy in the zinc molten metal, thereby obtaining an aluminum-contained zinc alloy molten metal; andproducing an aluminum-contained zinc alloy powder by powdering the aluminum-contained zinc alloy molten metal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc-aluminum master alloy contains 1-18% aluminum by mass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc-aluminum master alloy contains 1-10% aluminum by mass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc-aluminum master alloy contains 4-8% aluminum by mass.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc alloy powder contains 0.001-0.05% aluminum by mass.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc alloy powder contains 0.002-0.009% aluminum by mass. This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-002277 filed on Jan. 10, 2013, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.The present disclosure relates to methods for forming a zinc alloy powder as a negative electrode active material of an alkaline battery.In general, zinc powders as a negative electrode active material of an alkaline battery are alloyed with other metals in view of corrosion resistance. For example, zinc alloy powders with an increased resistance to corrosion which are obtained by adding a metal with a high hydrogen overvoltage, such as indium and bismuth, or adding a metal which can make the powders have smooth surfaces, such as aluminum and calcium, are known.Many alkaline ...

BIPOLAR ZINC ION BATTERY

The invention discloses a bipolar zinc ion battery, which includes at least one unit group, wherein the unit group includes at least one battery unit, and the battery unit includes an anode plastic current collector layer, an isolating film and a cathode plastic current collector layer sequentially laminated and mutually adhered and sealed on a periphery, a cathode active material layer arranged inside a cathode plastic current collector and acted as a cathode, an anode active material layer arranged inside the anode plastic current collector layer and acted as an anode, an electrolyte solution soaked in gaps among the cathode, the anode and the isolating film and containing a zinc compound, and a porous ion channel arranged on the isolating film between the cathode and the anode for zinc ions to move on. The invention has a simple structure, a light weight, and very good safety performance and use performance. 1. A bipolar zinc ion battery , comprising at least one unit group , wherein the unit group comprises at least one battery unit , and the battery unit comprises an anode plastic current collector layer , an isolating film and a cathode plastic current collector layer sequentially laminated and mutually adhered and sealed on a periphery , a cathode active material layer arranged inside a cathode plastic current collector and acted as a cathode , an anode active material layer arranged inside the anode plastic current collector layer and acted as an anode , an electrolyte solution soaked in gaps among the cathode , the anode and the isolating film and containing a zinc compound , and a porous ion channel arranged on the isolating film between the cathode and the anode for zinc ions to move on.2. The bipolar zinc ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the inside of the anode plastic current collector layer is coated or electroplated with an anode material layer or a zinc foil layer containing zinc powder or zinc alloy and acted as an anode.3. The bipolar ...

MULTI-ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME

A multi-electrode device that includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a gate electrode situated between the anode and cathode, and having an electrolyte. The multi-electrode device can be a secondary (rechargeable) electrochemical cell. The gate electrode is permeable to at least one mobile species which is redox-active at at least one of the anode and cathode. The gate electrode has a resistance that is lower than that of a conductive non-uniform morphological feature that could be grown on the anode. The gate electrode provides the ability to avoid, recognize, and remove the presence of such non-uniform morphological features, and provides an electrical electrode that can be used to remove such non-uniform morphological features. 1. A device comprising:a cathode electrode having a cathode electrical terminal, said cathode electrode in electrochemical communication with an electrolyte;an anode electrode having a anode electrical terminal, said anode electrode in electrochemical communication with said electrolyte;at least one gate electrode having a gate electrode electrical terminal, said at least one gate electrode in electrochemical communication with said electrolyte and permeable to at least one mobile species which is redox-active at at least one of said anode electrode and said cathode electrode, said at least one gate electrode situated between said cathode electrode and said anode electrode;a circuit configured to measure an operating parameter of the device and to determine when a cell health event occurs, wherein said operating parameter is a formation potential of a non-uniform morphological feature; anda circuit configured to respond to said cell health event.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said circuit configured to measure an operating parameter of the device and to determine when a cell health event occurs is configured to measure a current that flows between said at least one gate electrode and at least one of said anode electrode ...

Biomedical energization elements with polymer electrolytes

Designs, strategies and methods to form energization elements comprising polymer electrolytes are described. In some examples, the biocompatible energization elements may be used in a biomedical device. In some further examples, the biocompatible energization elements may be used in a contact lens.

Method for Increasing Recycled Manganese Content

Methods of recycling batteries are provided, in which reaction conditions and elements are designed to maximize manganese recovery while minimizing zinc and potassium impurities in the recovered manganese. Methods of treating waste solution created by washing the manganese, so as to remove zinc from the waste solution, are also provided. Batteries prepared via such methods are also provided. 1. A battery produced using a process for removing potassium from an aqueous solution , said process comprising:a) reacting potassium sulfate with ferric sulfate so as to form potassium jarosite, wherein the iron:potassium ratio is no greater than about 20:1.2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the iron:potassium ratio is no greater than about 15:1.3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the reaction occurs at a pH of about 1.8 to about 2.0.4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution is a sulfuric acid solution.5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the iron:potassium ratio is about 11.5:1.6. A battery produced using a process for reducing the amount of fresh water required to recycle a plurality of batches of recovered battery material claim 1 , said process comprising the steps of:a) contacting manganese oxide solids comprising zinc and impurities with an acidic solution, so as to produce a waste solution comprising impurities;b) raising the pH of the waste solution to at least 9.0 so as to cause a portion of the impurities to precipitate;c) removing precipitated impurities; andd) after removing the precipitated impurities, using the waste solution to wash additional recovered battery material;wherein the impurities comprise zinc or potassium impurities.7. The battery of claim 6 , wherein in step b) the pH is raised to at least 10.0.8. The battery of claim 6 , wherein in step b) the pH is raised by adding NaOH.9. The battery of claim 6 , wherein the process further comprises reducing the pH of the waste solution prior to step d).10. The battery of claim 6 , wherein the ...

Multi-electrode electrochemical cell and method of making the same

A multi-electrode device that includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a gate electrode situated between the anode and cathode, and having an electrolyte. The multi-electrode device can be a secondary (rechargeable) electrochemical cell. The gate electrode is permeable to at least one mobile species which is redox-active at at least one of the anode and cathode. The gate electrode has a resistance that is lower than that of a conductive non-uniform morphological feature that could be grown on the anode. The gate electrode provides the ability to avoid, recognize, and remove the presence of such non-uniform morphological features, and provides an electrical electrode that can be used to remove such non-uniform morphological features.

Electrochemical desalination system with coupled electricity storage

A desalination and energy storage system comprises at least one water reservoir, at least one negative-ion redox electrode, at least one positive-ion redox electrode, a cation-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one negative-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir, and an anion-exchange membrane disposed between the at least one positive-ion redox electrode and the water reservoir. The at least one water reservoir comprises an input and an output, wherein water in the at least one water reservoir is reduced below a threshold concentration during a desalination operation mode. The at least one negative-ion electrode comprises a first solution and is configured to accept, and have, a reversible redox reaction with at least one negative ion in the water, and the at least one positive-ion electrode comprises a second solution and is configured to accept, and have, a reversible redox reaction with at least one positive ion in the water.

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE RECHARGEABLE BATTERY AND NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE RECHARGEABLE BATTERY USING SAME

The purpose of the invention is to obtain a negative electrode for a large-capacity nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery having good cycle characteristics. In the present invention, a negative electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery is used as a solution, said negative electrode being characterized by having an active material layer on a current collector, said active material layer containing at least granules, and one or more types of coating binder comprising any of a polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polyamide-imide and polyamide. The negative electrode is further characterized in that the granules contain at least active material particles containing: at least one type of element selected from a group comprising Si, Sn, Al, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ge, In and Zn; and a granulation binder. 1. A negative electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery comprising:an active material layer on a current collector, the active material layer including at least granules and one or more types of coating binder comprising any of polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polyamide imide, and polyamide wherein, active material particles including at least one type of element A selected from a group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ge, In, and Zn; and', 'a granulation binder., 'the granules include at least2. The negative electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery according to wherein claim 1 ,the granulation binder comprises any one or more of polyimide, polybenzimidazole, styrene butadiene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxyl methyl cellulose, and polyacrylic acid.3. The negative electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery according to wherein claim 1 ,the granules further include any one or more of carbon black, carbon nanotube, and carbon fiber as a conductive agent.4. The negative electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery according to wherein claim 1 ,the active material layer further includes any ...

ALKALINE CELL WITH IMPROVED HIGH RATE CAPACITY

The present disclosure relates generally to an alkaline electrochemical cell, such as a battery, and in particular to an improved gelled anode suitable for use therein. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a gelled anode that improves anode discharge efficiency by adjusting physical properties such as apparent density. 120.-. (canceled)21. An alkaline electrochemical cell comprising:a cathode;a gelled anode mixture, the mixture comprising an anode active material, a gelling agent, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the anode active material has an apparent density of from about 2.50 g/cc to about 3.00 g/cc and wherein the anode active material comprises particles having an aspect ratio of from about 7.0 to about 50.0; and,a separator between the cathode and the anode.22. The cell of claim 21 , wherein the anode active material has an apparent density of from about 2.60 g/cc to about 2.95 g/cc.23. The cell of claim 21 , wherein from about 5% to about 40% claim 21 , by weight claim 21 , of the total anode active material present in the gelled anode mixture has a particle size of less than about 75 microns.24. The cell of claim 21 , wherein from about 10% to about 40% claim 21 , by weight claim 21 , of the total anode active material present in the gelled anode mixture has a particle size between 75 and 105 microns.25. The cell of claim 21 , wherein the anode active material comprises a zinc alloy.26. The cell of claim 25 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises two or more elements selected from indium claim 25 , bismuth claim 25 , lead claim 25 , and aluminum.27. The cell of claim 26 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises from about 80 ppm to about 250 ppm of bismuth claim 26 , from about 80 ppm to about 250 ppm of indium claim 26 , from about 350 ppm to about 600 ppm of lead claim 26 , and from 80 to 250 ppm of aluminum.28. The cell of claim 21 , wherein the gelled anode mixture further comprises a gassing inhibitor in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about ...

Zinc Electrodes for Batteries

An article having a continuous network of zinc and a continuous network of void space interpenetrating the zinc network. The zinc network is a fused, monolithic structure. A method of: providing an emulsion having a zinc powder and a liquid phase; drying the emulsion to form a sponge; annealing and/or sintering the sponge to form an annealed and/or sintered sponge; heating the annealed and/or sintered sponge in an oxidizing atmosphere to form an oxidized sponge having zinc oxide on the surface of the oxidized sponge; and electrochemically reducing the zinc oxide to form a zinc metal sponge.

DEGRADABLE IMPLANTABLE BATTERY

A biodegradable battery is provided. The battery includes an anode comprising a material including an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein electrochemical oxidation of the anode material results in the formation of a reaction product that is substantially non-toxic and a cathode comprising a material including an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface of the cathode being in direct physical contact with the inner surface of the anode, wherein electrochemical reduction of the cathode material results in the formation of a reaction product that is substantially non-toxic, and wherein the cathode material presents a larger standard reduction potential than the anode material. 118-. (canceled)19. A biodegradable battery comprising:an anode comprising a material including an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein electrochemical oxidation of the anode material results in the formation of a reaction product that is substantially non-toxic; anda cathode comprising a material including an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface of the cathode being separate from the inner surface of the anode,wherein electrochemical reduction of the cathode material results in the formation of a reaction product that is substantially non-toxic, and wherein the cathode material presents a larger standard reduction potential than the anode material, and wherein the biodegradable battery has a substantially frustoconical shape.20. The biodegradable battery of claim 19 , wherein the anode material is selected from the group consisting of magnesium claim 19 , iron claim 19 , zinc claim 19 , electrochemically oxidizable degradable polymers claim 19 , alloys claim 19 , and combinations thereof.21. The biodegradable battery of claim 19 , wherein the cathode material is selected from the group of materials consisting of metal oxides claim 19 , metal hydroxides claim 19 , metal oxyhydroxides claim 19 , polyoxymetallates claim 19 , metal salts claim 19 , ...

NEGATIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING THE SAME

Provided are a negative active material and a lithium battery including the negative active material. The negative active material includes a non-carbonaceous core allowing doping or undoping of lithium ion; and a double coating layer formed on at least one portion of a surface of the non-carbonaceous core and including a first coating layer including a metal and a second coating layer including a metal oxide or a metal nitride. 1. A negative active material , comprising:a non-carbonaceous core allowing doping or undoping of lithium ion; anda double coating layer formed on at least one portion of a surface of the non-carbonaceous core and including a first coating layer including a metal and a second coating layer including a metal oxide or a metal nitride.2. The negative active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first coating layer is disposed on the surface of the non-carbonaceous core claim 1 , and the second coating layer is disposed on the first coating layer.3. The negative active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal in the first coating layer includes one or more of Li claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Lu claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , or Lanthanum group elements.4. The negative active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide or metal nitride in the second coating layer includes an oxide or nitride of one or more of Li claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Lu claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , or Lanthanum group elements.5. The negative active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide or metal ...

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ELECTRIC DEVICE AND ELECTRIC DEVICE USING SAME

A negative electrode active material having high cycle durability contains an alloy represented by the following chemical formula (1): 1. A negative electrode active material for an electric device comprising an alloy represented by the following chemical formula (1):{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', 'a, 'SiSnMA\u2003\u2003(1)'}wherein M is Ti consisting of Ti, Zn, C, and a combination thereof, A is unavoidable impurities, x, y, z, and a represent % by mass values, and 0 Подробнее

SELECTIVELY REMOVABLE MARINE ENGINE ANODE

A selectively removable engine anode having a metallic anode base with a threaded configuration disposed proximal to a lower end thereon and on an outer surface, a flanged platform extending radially along a longitudinal length of the base to define an outer flange diameter, and a cantilevered retention member directly coupled to the flanged platform and having a diameter less than the outer flange diameter. The anode includes a galvanic anode with a first anode end coupled to the flanged platform, a second anode free end opposing the first anode end, and an anode length separating the first anode end and the second anode free end, wherein the galvanic anode and the flanged platform encapsulate the cantilevered retention member, the anode base is selectively removably couplable to a plug that is operably configured to be selectively coupled to a marine engine. 1. A selectively removable engine anode comprising:an anode base having a first end, a second end opposing the first end, a longitudinal length separating the first and second ends, a threaded configuration disposed proximal to the first end and on an outer surface of the anode base, a flanged platform extending radially along the longitudinal length to define an outer flange diameter, and a cantilevered retention member with first member end directly coupled to the flanged platform, including the second end of the anode base, and defining a retention member diameter less than the outer flange diameter; anda galvanic anode with a first anode end coupled to the flanged platform, a second anode free end opposing the first anode end, and an anode length separating the first anode end and the second anode free end, the galvanic anode and the flanged platform encapsulating the cantilevered retention member.2. The selectively removable engine anode according to claim 1 , wherein:the galvanic anode is of a cylindrical shape.3. The selectively removable engine anode according to claim 2 , wherein:the galvanic anode ...

RECHARGEABLE ZINC-ION BATTERIES HAVING FLEXIBLE SHAPE MEMORY

Systems and methods which provide flexible zinc ion (Zn-ion) battery configurations with shape memory are described. For example, embodiments of flexible shape memory yarn batteries (SMYBs) may be fabricated using shape memory material wire, filament, and/or fiber and flexible conductive material yarn as flexible substrate materials. In accordance with some embodiments, Nickel-Titanium-based alloy wire may be coated with a zinc material to provide a flexible anode electrode for a SMYB. Additionally or alternatively, flexible stainless steel (SS) yarn may be coated with a manganese dioxide (MnO) material to provide a flexible cathode electrode for a SMYB of embodiments. An aqueous electrolyte may be combined with the flexible cathode and anode electrodes to provide a SMYB in accordance with the concepts herein. The aqueous electrolyte may, for example, comprise a polymer gel electrolyte (e.g., gelatin-borax polymer gel electrolyte). 1. A zinc-ion battery comprising:a flexible anode formed from a shape memory material coated with a zinc material;{'sub': '2', 'a flexible cathode formed from a conductive material coated with a manganese dioxide (MnO) material; and'}an aqueous electrolyte.2. The zinc-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the shape memory material of the flexible anode comprises:a Nickel-Titanium-based alloy providing shape memory effect (SME) and pseudoelasticity (PE).3. The zinc-ion battery of claim 2 , wherein the zinc material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:zinc;a zinc alloy; anda zinc composite.4. The zinc-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the zinc material is disposed in a layer upon a surface of the Nickel-Titanium-based alloy by electrodeposition.5. The zinc-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material of the flexible cathode comprises:a stainless steel yarn.6. The zinc-ion battery of claim 5 , wherein the MnOmaterial comprises:{'sub': '2', 'MnOnanocrystallines.'}7. The zinc-ion battery of claim 6 , wherein the ...

Solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods and applications for same

The invention features a rechargeable alkaline battery comprising an anode; a cathode; and an electrolyte; wherein at least one of anode, the cathode and the electrolyte includes a solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods for the manufacture of same.

VOLTAGE-ENHANCED ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES

The present disclosure provides an energy storage device comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative current collector, a negative electrode in electrical communication with the negative current collector, an electrolyte in electrical communication with the negative electrode, a positive electrode in electrical communication with the electrolyte and a positive current collector in electrical communication with the positive electrode. The negative electrode comprises an alkali metal. Upon discharge, the electrolyte provides charged species of the alkali metal. The positive electrode can include a Group IIIA, IVA, VA and VIA of the periodic table of the elements, or a transition metal (e.g., Group 12 element). 195.- (canceled)96. An energy storage device comprising at least one electrochemical cell , comprising:a first electrode that, in a charged state of said at least one electrochemical cell, comprises an alkali or alkaline earth metal;an electrolyte in electrical communication with said first electrode, wherein said electrolyte conducts charged species of said alkali or alkaline earth metal; anda second electrode in electrical communication with said electrolyte, wherein said second electrode comprises a metal or metalloid;wherein (i) in a discharged state of said at least one electrochemical cell, said second electrode is substantially free of said alkali or alkaline earth metal, or (ii) in a charged state of said at least one electrochemical cell, said electrolyte comprises charged species of said metal or metalloid, and wherein at least two of said first electrode, said second electrode, and said electrolyte are in a liquid state at a temperature of at least about 100° C.97. The energy storage device of claim 96 , further comprising a negative current collector in electrical communication with said first electrode.98. The energy storage device of claim 96 , wherein (i) in said discharged state of said at least one electrochemical cell ...

ALKALINE DRY BATTERY

An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a gel negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator. The negative electrode contains a negative electrode active material containing zinc and particulate terephthalic acid. The terephthalic acid contained in the negative electrode has an average particle diameter of 25 to 210 μm. 1. An alkaline dry battery comprising:a positive electrode;a gel negative electrode;a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; andan alkaline electrolyte solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator,wherein the negative electrode contains a negative electrode active material containing zinc and particulate terephthalic acid, andthe terephthalic acid has an average particle diameter of 25 to 210 μm.2. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the terephthalic acid in the negative electrode is 0.01 to 0.5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material.3. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the terephthalic acid has an average particle diameter of 100 to 210 μm.4. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the separator contains 50 to 70 mass % of polyvinyl alcohol.5. The alkaline dry battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode contains 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass of a potassium halide relative to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material. The present invention relates to an alkaline dry battery including a gel negative electrode.Compared to manganese dry batteries, alkaline dry batteries (alkaline-manganese dry batteries) have high capacity, output high current, and are thus widely used. An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a gel negative ...

Secondary Cell with High Recharging Efficiency and Long Term Stability

A secondary zinc-manganese dioxide secondary cell is disclosed. The cell includes a zinc gel anode, high manganese content cathode in either prismatic or jelly roll form. An aqueous based continuous reel to reel process for formulation and fabrication of the anode and cathode is provided. The cell is contained in a box assembly. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:a cathode comprising manganese dioxide;an anode; anda separator disposed between the cathode and the anode,wherein the cathode comprises a paste, where the paste comprises manganese dioxide and a carbon blend, wherein the carbon blend comprises graphite and a carbon based conductive additive, and wherein a ratio of the graphite to the conductive additive is in a range of from about 7:1 to about 28:1.2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the paste comprises between about 75% and about 85% manganese dioxide by weight.3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the graphite comprises at least one of expanded graphite or non-expanded graphite.4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the carbon based conductive additive comprises at least one of carbon black claim 1 , carbon nanotubes claim 1 , or carbon nanofibers.5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the graphite or the conductive additive comprises particles in the range of from about 20 to about 30 microns.6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the conductive additive comprises particles having a size in the range of from about 5 to about 15 microns.7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the manganese dioxide comprises particles having a size in the range of from about 45 microns to about 55 microns.8. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein carbon blend is present in the paste in an amount between about 10% and about 20% by weight of the paste.9. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the paste further comprises a binder.10. The electrochemical cell of claim 9 , wherein ...

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE AND ZINC SECONDARY BATTERY

Provided is a negative electrode for use in a zinc secondary battery containing (A) ZnO particles and (B) at least two selected from the group consisting of (i) metallic Zn particles having an average particle size D50 of 5 to 80 μm, (ii) at least one metal element selected from In and Bi, and (iii) a binder resin having a hydroxyl group. 1. A negative electrode for use in a zinc secondary battery , comprising:(A) ZnO particles; and (i) metallic Zn particles having an average particle size D50 of 5 to 80 μm,', '(ii) at least one metal element selected from In and Bi, and', '(iii) a binder resin having a hydroxyl group,, '(B) at least two selected from the following group consisting of'}wherein when the negative electrode comprises In, the content of In is 2.4 parts by weight or less in terms of oxide, based on the content of the ZnO particles being 100 parts by weight,wherein when the negative electrode comprises Bi, the content of Bi is 0.6 parts by weight or less in terms of oxide, based on the content of the ZnO particles being 100 parts by weight, andwherein when the negative electrode comprises the binder resin, the content of the binder resin on a solid basis is 0.05 parts by weight or less, based on the content of the ZnO particles being 100 parts by weight.2. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , comprising the metallic Zn particles and at least one of the metal element and the binder resin.3. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , comprising all of the metallic Zn particles claim 1 , the metal element claim 1 , and the binder resin.4. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin having a hydroxy group is a water-soluble polymer.5. The negative electrode according to claim 4 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).6. The negative electrode according to claim 1 , comprising the metallic Zn particles in an amount of 10 to 90 parts by weight claim 1 , based on the content of the ZnO particles is ...

Electrolytic Doping of Non-Electrolyte Layers in Printed Batteries

An electrical or electrochemical cell, including a cathode layer, an electrolyte layer, and an anode layer is disclosed. The cathode layer includes a first material providing a cathodic electric transport, charge storage or redox function. The electrolyte layer includes a polymer, a first electrolyte salt, and/or an ionic liquid. The anode layer includes a second material providing an anodic electric transport, charge storage or redox function. At least one of the cathode and anode layers includes the ionic liquid, a second electrolyte salt, and/or a transport-enhancing additive. 1. A method of making an electrical or electrochemical cell , comprising:forming a cathode layer, the cathode layer comprising a first material providing a cathodic electric transport, charge storage or redox function;forming an electrolyte layer, wherein the electrolyte layer is in contact with the cathode layer and comprises a first electrolyte salt and a first ionic liquid, and optionally, a polymer; andforming an anode layer, wherein the anode layer is in contact with the electrolyte layer and comprises a second material providing an anodic electric transport, charge storage or redox function,wherein at least one of the cathode layer and the anode layer includes a second ionic liquid, a second electrolyte salt, and/or a transport-enhancing additive prior to forming the electrolyte layer in contact with the at least one of the cathode layer and the anode layer, the second ionic liquid is identical to or different from the first ionic liquid, and the second electrolyte salt is identical to or different from the first electrolyte salt.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the cathode layer comprises printing an ink comprising the first material or a precursor thereof on a substrate or the electrolyte layer claim 1 , drying and/or curing the first material or precursor thereof to form a cathode claim 1 , and contacting the cathode with the second ionic liquid or the second electrolyte ...

ALKALINE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH IMPROVED ANODE AND SEPARATOR COMPONENTS

An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode, an anode which includes an anode active material, and a non-conductive separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein from about 20% to about 50% by weight of the anode active material relative to a total amount of anode active material has a particle size of less than about 75 μm, and wherein the separator includes a unitary, cylindrical configuration having an open end, a side wall, and integrally formed closed end disposed distally to the open end. 17-. (canceled)8. An anode gel for an alkaline electrochemical cell , the anode gel comprising:an anode active material, wherein from about 20% to about 50%, by weight relative to a total weight of anode active material has a particle size of less than about 75 μm;an electrolyte; anda gelling agent.9. The anode gel of claim 8 , wherein less than about 20% by weight of the anode active material relative to the total amount of anode active material present in the anode gel has a particle size of greater than about 150 micrometers.10. The anode gel of claim 8 , wherein the anode active material has an apparent density of from about 2.62 g/cc to about 2.92 g/cc.11. The anode gel of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide.12. The anode gel of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte has a hydroxide concentration of about 32% or less.13. The anode gel of claim 8 , wherein the anode active material comprises a zinc alloy claim 8 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises zinc claim 8 , indium and bismuth.14. The anode gel of claim 13 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises:about 130 ppm to about 270 ppm of bismuth; andabout 130 ppm to about 270 ppm of indium.15. The anode gel of claim 8 , wherein about 20% to about 50% by weight of the anode active material claim 8 , relative to the total amount of anode active material has a particle size of less than about 75 microns claim 8 , and about 8% to about 20% by weight relative of the ...

DOWNHOLE MUD POWERED BATTERY

A technique facilitates evaluation of a fluid, such as a fluid produced from a well. The technique utilizes a modular and mobile system for testing flows of fluid which may comprise mixtures of constituents, and for sampling fluids thereof. The multiphase sampling method includes flowing a multiphase fluid comprising an oil phase and a water phase through a first conduit, the oil phase and water phase at least partially separating in the first conduit, mixing together the oil phase and water phase to form a mixed bulk liquid phase by flowing the multiphase fluid through a flow mixer toward a second conduit downstream the flow mixer, sampling a portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase at location at or within the second conduit, wherein the sampled portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase has a water-to-liquid ratio (WLR) representative of the pre-mixed oil phase and water phase. 1. A downhole battery , comprising:a magnesium or zinc based anode;a cathode; anda separator comprising a high temperature resistant material, the separator physically and electrically isolating the anode and cathode;wherein the battery is inactive when not immersed in a downhole fluid and activated when immersed in the downhole fluid, the downhole fluid functioning as an electrolyte.2. The downhole battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises a magnesium tube and wherein the downhole battery operates at temperatures ranging from 200 to 230° C.3. The downhole battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material comprises at least one of silver (Ag) claim 1 , silver chloride (AgCl) claim 1 , silver oxide (AgO) claim 1 , copper chloride (CuCl) claim 1 , and lead chloride (PbCl).4. The downhole battery of claim 3 , wherein the cathode comprises: a support grid sheet, the support grid sheet material comprising silver coated copper; and', 'one or more cathode plates bonded to the support grid sheet, the one or more cathode plates comprising a silver coated silver chloride plate, wherein the support ...

NICKEL-ZINC BATTERY

Provided is a highly reliable nickel-zinc battery including a separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability. The nickel-zinc battery includes a positive electrode containing nickel hydroxide and/or nickel oxyhydroxide; a positive-electrode electrolytic solution in which the positive electrode is immersed, the electrolytic solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide; a negative electrode containing zinc and/or zinc oxide; a negative-electrode electrolytic solution in which the negative electrode is immersed, the electrolytic solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide; a hermetic container accommodating the positive electrode, the positive-electrode electrolytic solution, the negative electrode, and the negative-electrode electrolytic solution; and the separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability and disposed in the hermetic container so as to separate a positive-electrode chamber from a negative-electrode chamber. The alkali metal hydroxide concentration of the positive-electrode electrolytic solution differs from that of the negative-electrode electrolytic solution. 1. A nickel-zinc battery comprising:a positive electrode comprising nickel hydroxide and/or nickel oxyhydroxide;a positive-electrode electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, the positive electrode being immersed in the positive-electrode electrolytic solution;a negative electrode comprising zinc and/or zinc oxide;a negative-electrode electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, the negative electrode being immersed in the negative-electrode electrolytic solution;a hermetic container accommodating the positive electrode, the positive-electrode electrolytic solution, the negative electrode, and the negative-electrode electrolytic solution; anda separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and water impermeability, the separator being disposed in the hermetic container so as to separate a positive-electrode ...

Structural composite battery with fluidic port for electrolyte

According to the invention there is provided a fluidic port ( 8 - 9 ) for a refillable structural composite electrical energy storage device( 1 ), and a method of producing same. The device may be a battery or supercapacitor with first and second electrodes ( 2,3 ) which are separated by a separator structure ( 6 ), wherein the device contains an electrolyte ( 4 ) which may further contain active electrochemical reagents. The fluidic port allows the addition, removal of electrolyte fluids, and venting of any outgassing by products.

LITHIUM ION BATTERY COMPONENTS

A lithium ion battery component includes a support selected from the group consisting of a current collector, a negative electrode, and a porous polymer separator. A lithium donor is present i) as an additive with a non-lithium active material in a negative electrode on the current collector, or ii) as a coating on at least a portion of the negative electrode, or iii) as a coating on at least a portion of the porous polymer separator. The lithium donor has a formula selected from the group consisting of LiMP, wherein M is Fe, V, or Mn and wherein y ranges from 1 to 4; LiTiP, wherein y ranges from 1 to 2; LiP, wherein 0 Подробнее

Methods and apparatus to form three-dimensional biocompatible energization elements

Methods and apparatus to form three-dimensional biocompatible energization elements are described. In some embodiments, the methods and apparatus to form the three-dimensional biocompatible energization elements involve forming conductive traces on the three-dimensional surfaces and depositing active elements of the energization elements on the conductive traces. The active elements are sealed with a biocompatible material. In some embodiments, a field of use for the methods and apparatus may include any biocompatible device or product that requires energization elements.

COMPOSITE ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND ANODE AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY INCLUDING THE COMPOSITE ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL

A composite anode active material includes a metal silicide core, a silicon shell, and a metal nitride and a carbon material that are dispersed in at least one surface of the silicon shell. 1. A composite anode active material comprising:a metal silicide core;a silicon shell; anda metal nitride and a carbon material which are dispersed in at least one surface of the silicon shell.2. The composite anode active material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material includes at least one of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , and carbon fibers.3. The composite anode active material of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the carbon material is in a range of about 1 part to about 70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a total weight of the composite anode active material.4. The composite anode active material of claim 1 , wherein the metal silicide and the metal nitride comprise the same metal.5. The composite anode active material of claim 4 , wherein the metal silicide and the metal nitride comprise at least one metal of titanium (Ti) claim 4 , vanadium (V) claim 4 , copper (Cu) claim 4 , zinc (Zn) claim 4 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 4 , nickel (Ni) claim 4 , aluminum (Al) claim 4 , calcium (Ca) claim 4 , magnesium (Mg) claim 4 , iron (Fe) claim 4 , and chrome (Cr).6. The composite anode active material of claim 1 , wherein the metal silicide is TiSi(where claim 1 , 0 Подробнее

METAL AIR BATTERY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A metal air battery according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of air cathodes having planar shapes respectively, which have a first bonding portion bonded along edges of the pair of the air cathodes and are disposed to face each other; a pair of separators disposed in contact with the pair of the air cathodes; an anode having a planar shape disposed between the pair of the separators and electrically insulated from the pair of the air cathodes; and then a zinc gel disposed in an accommodation space between the pair of the air cathodes. The accommodation space is a space formed by elastic deformation of the pair of the air cathodes. 1. A metal air battery comprising:a pair of air cathodes having planar shapes respectively, which have a first bonding portion bonded along edges of the pair of the air cathodes and are disposed to face each other;a pair of separators disposed in contact with the pair of the air cathodes;an anode having a planar shape disposed between the pair of the separators and electrically insulated from the pair of the air cathodes; anda zinc gel contained in an accommodation space between the pair of the air cathodes,wherein the accommodation space is a space formed by elastic deformation of the pair of the air cathodes.2. The metal air battery of claim 1 , wherein the air cathode includes:a metal mesh or a metal foam as a current collector; anda coating layer disposed on one surface of the metal mesh or the metal foam and including a carbon mixture,wherein the carbon mixture includes a carbon powder, a fluoride resin, and a catalyst,and wherein the catalyst comprises anyone of manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide, silver, or platinum.3. The metal air battery of claim 1 , wherein the zinc gel includes a zinc powder dispersed in an alkaline electrolyte.4. The metal air battery of claim 1 , wherein:the pair of the separators maintain electrical insulation between the pair of the air cathodes and the zinc gel; andeach of the pair ...

ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES FOR ZINC METAL ELECTRODES

Zinc metal negative electrodes and aqueous electrolytes can be used in a rechargeable battery. The electrolyte can include zinc sulfate dissolved in water with a pH in the range of 0-7, and at least one additive for increasing ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, and/or buffering the pH of the electrolyte, and/or controlling morphology of a stripped/plated surface of the negative electrode. The electrolyte can decrease the likelihood of internal short circuits caused by volumetric expansion of the negative electrode and morphology changes after repeated cycling and penetration of zinc metal through a separator to a positive electrode. 141-. (canceled)42. An apparatus for a rechargeable battery , comprising:a negative electrode comprising zinc; and zinc sulfate dissolved in water with a pH in the range of 0-7, and', 'at least one additive selected to at least one of (i) buffer the pH of the electrolyte, and (ii) control morphology of a stripped/plated surface of the negative electrode., 'an electrolyte for transferring ions between the negative electrode and a positive electrode, the electrolyte comprising43. The apparatus of claim 42 , wherein the at least one additive comprises at least one buffering agent that buffers the pH of the electrolyte.44. The apparatus of claim 43 , wherein the at least one buffering agent comprises at least one of borates claim 43 , acetates claim 43 , phosphates claim 43 , citrates claim 43 , phthalates claim 43 , salicylic acid claim 43 , and benzoic acid.45. The apparatus of claim 43 , wherein the at least one buffering agent is present in the electrolyte in a range from about 0.005 M to about 6 M.46. The apparatus of claim 42 , wherein the at least one additive comprises at least one control additive that smooths the stripped/plated surface of the negative electrode.47. The apparatus of claim 46 , wherein the at least one control additive comprises at least one chemical functional group of alkyl claim 46 , alkenyl claim 46 , ...

SECONDARY BATTERY AND DEVICE INCLUDING SECONDARY BATTERY

A secondary battery having high electromotive force and including less lead or being free of lead is provided. The secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material containing manganese oxide, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material containing at least one selected from zinc, gallium, and tin, and an electrolytic solution containing at least one selected from phosphoric acid and organic oxoacid and having a pH of less than 7 at 25° C. This secondary battery has an open circuit voltage of more than 1.6 V in a fully charged state. 1. A secondary battery comprising:a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material containing manganese oxide;a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material containing at least one selected from zinc, gallium, and tin; andan electrolytic solution containing at least one selected from phosphoric acid and organic oxoacid and having a pH of less than 7 at 25° C., wherein an open circuit voltage in a fully charged state is more than 1.6 V.2. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , whereinthe electrolytic solution has a pH of 5 or less at 25° C.3. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , whereina quantity of anions, in the electrolytic solution, that are derived from the phosphoric acid and/or the organic oxoacid is more than a total quantity of the anions that are required for reaction with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material by discharge reaction.4. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , whereinthe negative electrode active material contains zinc.5. The secondary battery according to claim 4 , whereinthe open circuit voltage in the fully charged state is 2.0 V or more.6. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , whereinthe organic oxoacid is at least one selected from p-toluene sulfonic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, p-phenol sulfonic acid, phenyl phosphonic acid, and 5- ...

HIGH POWER AND HIGH ENERGY SELF-SWITCHING ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICE

An electrochemical device includes an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell including a first anode and a first electrolyte, and a supercapacitor, wherein the supercapacitor including a second anode and a second electrolyte. The electrochemical cell and the supercapacitor are arranged in series and a single cathode shared both by the electrochemical cell and by the supercapacitor, while the first anode and the second anode are connected directly to each other; the single cathode comprises a porous matrix, wherein an active substance belonging to the group of Chalcogens, or group 16, of the Periodic Table of the Elements is infused inside the porous matrix. The electrochemical device is configured to accumulate and deliver simultaneously high levels of both an energy higher than 500 Wh/kg and a power higher than 1,000 W/kg) making a current flow independently into the electrochemical cell or into the supercapacitor depending on energy needs. 1. An electrochemical device , comprising an electrochemical cell and a supercapacitor , whereinthe electrochemical cell comprises a first anode and a first electrolyte;the supercapacitor comprises a second anode and a second electrolyte;the electrochemical cell and the supercapacitor are arranged in series, whereina single cathode is shared by both the electrochemical cell and the supercapacitor; andthe single cathode comprises a porous matrix, wherein an active substance belonging to a group of the Chalcogens, or group 16, of the Periodic Table of the Elements is infused inside the porous matrix.2. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the series formed by the electrochemical cell and the supercapacitor comprises the following sequence:the first anode is contiguous to the first electrolyte,the first electrolyte is contiguous to the single cathode on a side opposite to the first anode,the single cathode is contiguous to the second electrolyte from a side opposite to the first electrolyte,the ...

ALKALINE DRY CELL

An alkaline dry cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte solution. The negative electrode includes a terephthalic acid compound and a negative electrode active material containing zinc. The terephthalic acid compound is terephthalic acid having an electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof. The electron-withdrawing substituent is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of Br, F, and Cl. The terephthalic acid compound preferably includes terephthalic acid having one electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof. 1. An alkaline dry cell comprising: a positive electrode , a negative electrode , and an alkaline electrolyte solution , whereinthe negative electrode includes a terephthalic acid compound and a negative electrode active material containing zinc, andthe terephthalic acid compound is terephthalic acid having an electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof.2. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the electron-withdrawing substituent is at least one selected from the group consisting of Br claim 1 , F claim 1 , and Cl.3. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the terephthalic acid compound includes terephthalic acid having one electron-withdrawing substituent or a salt thereof.4. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the terephthalic acid compound includes 2-bromoterephthalic acid or a salt thereof.5. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the terephthalic acid compound is 1000 ppm to 10000 ppm relative to a mass of the negative electrode active material.6. The alkaline dry cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode contains a halide ion and a terephthalate ion. The present invention relates to an improvement of a negative electrode for an alkaline dry cell.Alkaline dry cells (alkaline manganese dry cells) are widely used because the capacity is large and a large current can be drawn. ...

Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material

The invention features an electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode; wherein at least one of the anode and cathode includes a solid ionically conducting polymer material that can ionically conduct hydroxyl ions.

METAL-AIR BATTERY INCLUDING ELECTROLYTE BEADS

In some implementations, a metal air battery includes a body defined by a metal anode and a cathode, a first separator layer disposed on the metal anode, a second separator layer disposed on the cathode, and a plurality of beads disposed within the body. The beads may confine a liquid electrolyte, and may be configured to release the liquid electrolyte into interior portions of the battery in response to a compression of the cathode into the body of the battery. 1. A battery comprising:a body defined by a metal anode and a cathode;a first separator layer disposed on the metal anode;a second separator layer disposed on the cathode; anda plurality of beads disposed within the body and confining a liquid electrolyte, the beads configured to release the liquid electrolyte into interior portions of the battery in response to a compression of the cathode into the body of the battery.2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of beads are further configured to electrophoretically migrate within the body in response to exposure of the beads to an electric field.3. The battery of claim 2 , wherein the migration of at least some of the beads is configured to distribute the liquid electrolyte throughout the interior of the body of the battery.4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the beads are further configured to remain in a dormant state in an absence of the compression of the cathode into the body of the battery.5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the beads are further configured to rupture in response to the compression of the cathode into the body of the battery.6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the beads includes a polymeric shell.7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the compression is associated with an activation of the battery by a user.8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the body includes an adhesive layer having a thickness greater than or equal to a diameter of a respective bead.9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second ...

SELECTIVELY ACTIVATED METAL-AIR BATTERY

In some implementations, a metal air battery includes an anode and an cathode opposite to the anode. The cathode may be formed as a textured carbon-based scaffold and include an opening into the metal air battery. The metal air battery may include a nano-fibrous membrane (NFM) containing a liquid electrolyte and a functionalized carbon structure may be disposed between the cathode and the NFM. The functionalized carbon structure may allow moisture and oxygen from ambient air to permeate through the NFM and diffuse throughout the textured scaffold of the cathode. A moisture barrier layer may be laminated over the cathode and positioned, by a user, in one of two states. When in a first state, the moisture barrier layer may seal the opening. When in a second state, the moisture barrier layer may allow the moisture and the oxygen to enter the textured scaffold. 1. A metal air battery , comprising:a body containing an electrolyte;a metal anode disposed on a first surface of the body;an cathode formed within a second surface of the body opposite the first surface, the cathode comprising a carbon-based textured scaffold including a plurality of macroporous pathways configured to distribute oxygen and water vapor supplied by ambient air throughout the cathode and into interior portions of the body; anda barrier layer configured to prevent the ambient air from entering the interior portions of the body through the plurality of macroporous pathways of the carbon-based textured scaffold when the barrier layer is disposed over an exterior surface of the cathode and seals the plurality of macroporous pathways, wherein removal of the barrier layer from the exterior surface of the cathode is configured to activate the metal air battery by allowing the ambient air to enter the cathode and the interior portions of the body through the plurality of macroporous pathways.2. The metal air battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal anode comprises one or more of magnesium claim 1 , zinc ...

PRINTED ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

An energy storage device includes a printed current collector layer, where the printed current collector layer includes nickel flakes and a current collector conductive carbon additive. The energy storage device includes a printed electrode layer printed over the current collector layer, where the printed electrode layer includes an ionic liquid and an electrode conductive carbon additive. The ionic liquid can include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (CmimBF). The current collector conductive carbon can include graphene and the electrode conductive carbon additive can include graphite, graphene, and/or carbon nanotubes. 1a printed collector layer, wherein the printed current collector layer comprises nickel flakes and a current collector conductive carbon additive; anda printed electrode layer printed over the current collector layer, wherein the printed electrode layer comprises an ionic liquid and an electrode conductive carbon additive,wherein the ionic liquid includes a cation selected from the group consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, butyltrimethylammonium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, choline, ethylammonium, tributylmethylphosphonium, tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium, 1-ethyl-2,3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, diethylmethylsulfonium, 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium, 1-butyl-2-methylpyridinium, 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium, and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, andwherein the ionic liquid includes an anion selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, hexafluorophosphate, ethyl sulfate, dimethyl phosphate, methansulfonate, triflate, tricyanomethanide, dibutylphosphate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, bis-2,4,4-(trimethylpentyl) phosphinate, iodide, chloride, bromide, and nitrate.. An energy storage device, comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S ...

Method for producing carbon-coated metal-doped zinc oxide articles and the use thereof

The invention relates to a method for producing carbon-coated, transition metal-doped zinc oxide particles and the use thereof as electrode material for alkali metal ion batteries and, in particular, lithium ion batteries.

Metal-air cell

The present invention provides a metal-air cell that allows pieces of an electrode active material that have fallen off to contribute to a discharge reaction and thus has high power generation efficiency. The metal-air cell according to the present invention includes an electrolyte cell containing an electrolyte, a metal electrode disposed in the electrolyte cell and serving as an anode, and an air electrode serving as a cathode. The metal electrode includes a current collector and an electrode active material part disposed on the current collector and made of an electrode active material. The current collector includes a supporting part supporting the electrode active material part and a receiving part disposed between a bottom of the electrolyte cell and the electrode active material part. The receiving part includes a projection projecting in the electrolyte cell beyond a side surface of the electrode active material part toward a sidewall of the electrolyte cell.

ACTIVE CATHODE TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR METAL-AIR BATTERIES

A metal-air battery is disclosed, including a cathode temperature controller that identifies a power-boosted operating temperature at which a projected power boost exceeds a projected battery lifetime penalty and a temperature regulator that adjusts the cathode temperature to the power-boosted operating temperature using power generated by the metal-air battery when the metal-air battery is in a discharge state. 1. A method for adjusting power generation by a metal-air battery using current generated by the battery during battery discharge , the metal-air battery having a cathode containing an oxygen-reduction catalyst and an anode separated from the cathode by an electrolyte-permeable insulating battery separator , the method comprising:placing the metal-air battery in a discharge state;determining a cathode temperature for the cathode;during the discharge state, collecting current from the battery; andresponsive to a difference between the cathode temperature and a reference temperature and using current collected from the battery, adjusting the cathode temperature to alter catalytic activity of the oxygen-reduction catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , in which putting the metal-air battery into the discharge state includes:transporting metal cations from the anode through the battery separator to the cathode; andat the cathode, catalytically processing the metal cations with the oxygen-reduction catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , in which obtaining the cathode temperature includes sensing the cathode temperature using a cathode temperature sensor in thermal communication with the cathode.4. The method of claim 3 , in which the cathode temperature sensor includes a thermocouple.5. The method of claim 1 , in which adjusting the cathode temperature includes heating the cathode using a resistive heater thermally coupled to the cathode.6. The method of claim 1 , in which adjusting the cathode temperature includes resistively heating the cathode by supplying current ...

METAL-AIR FUEL CELL

A fuel cell having a cathode, cathode chamber, anode and anode chamber. The anode chamber is at least partially defined by an anode current collector. The cathode chamber is at least partially defined by the cathode. The anode chamber includes one or a plurality of anode flow channels for flowing an electrolyte in a downstream direction. The anode current collector may include a plurality of particle collectors projecting into the anode chamber to collect particles suspended in the electrolyte. 1. A fuel cell comprising:a cathode;an anode comprising an anode chamber and an anode current collector, the anode chamber at least partially defined by the anode current collector;a cathode chamber at least partially defined by the cathode;wherein the anode chamber comprises one or a plurality of anode flow channels for flowing an electrolyte in a downstream direction;wherein the anode current collector comprises a plurality of particle collectors projecting into the anode chamber to collect particles suspended in the electrolyte;wherein the plurality of particle collectors are configured to perturb the flow of electrolyte through said anode chamber and encourage settling of the particles on or between the particle collectors.2. A fuel cell according to wherein the particle collector comprises a laterally elongated member and extends up to a width of the anode flow channel.3. A fuel cell according to wherein a distance between adjacent particle collectors is less than a height of the particle collector relative to a planar portion of the anode current collector.4. A fuel cell according to wherein the plurality of particle collectors are arranged in an array configured to form a uniform bed of the particles on the anode current collector.5. A fuel cell according to wherein the anode chamber comprises a parallel flow configuration or a serpentine flow configuration.6. A fuel cell according to wherein the cathode and anode current collector are planar.7. A fuel cell according ...

ELECTRODE, SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY PACK, VEHICLE AND STATIONARY POWER SOURCE

An electrode comprises a current collector; and an active material-containing layer having active materials on the current collector. The active material-containing layer has a first surface contacting the current collector and a second surface which is opposite side of the first surface. At least one part of the second surface is covered by a compound containing Zn. When an image of the second surface is taken by Scanning Electron Microscope, the image is divided into 100 blocks, a ratio of existence of blocks having hexagonal platelet shaped compound containing Zn to the 100 blocks is calculated, and the ratio of existence of blocks is calculated with respect to 10 images, an average of the ratio of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 20% or less (including 0). 1. An electrode comprising:a current collector; andan active material-containing layer having active materials on the current collector,wherein the active material-containing layer has a first surface contacting the current collector and a second surface which is opposite side of the first surface,at least one part of the second surface is covered by a compound containing Zn, andwhen an image of the second surface is taken by Scanning Electron Microscope, the image is divided into 100 blocks, a ratio of existence of blocks having hexagonal platelet shaped compound containing Zn to the 100 blocks is calculated, and the ratio of existence of blocks is calculated with respect to 10 images,an average of the ratio of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 20% or less (including 0).2. The electrode according to claim 1 ,wherein the average of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 15% or less (including 0).3. The electrode according to claim 1 ,wherein the compound containing Zn comprises at least one kind of elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Hg, In, Cd, and Pb.4. A secondary battery comprising:a positive electrode;a negative electrode; and {'claim-ref ...

SECONDARY CELL USING HYDROXIDE-ION-CONDUCTIVE CERAMIC SEPARATOR

Provided is a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an alkaline electrolytic solution, a separator structure, and a resin container. The separator structure includes a ceramic separator composed of an inorganic solid electrolyte exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and optionally a resin frame and/or resin film disposed to surround the periphery of the ceramic separator. The separator structure is bonded to the resin container with an adhesive, and/or the ceramic separator is bonded to the resin frame and/or the resin film with the adhesive. The adhesive is selected from an epoxy resin adhesive, a natural resin adhesive, a modified olefin resin adhesive, and a modified silicone resin adhesive, and the adhesive exhibits a variation in weight of 5% or less after immersed, in a solidified form, in a 9 mol/L aqueous KOH solution at 25° C. for 672 hours. 1. A secondary battery comprising a positive electrode , a negative electrode , an alkaline electrolytic solution , a separator structure that separates the positive electrode from the negative electrode , and a resin container accommodating at least the negative electrode and the alkaline electrolytic solution , whereinthe separator structure comprises a ceramic separator comprising an inorganic solid electrolyte exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity and optionally a resin frame and/or resin film disposed to surround the periphery of the ceramic separator;the ceramic separator or the separator structure is bonded to the resin container with an adhesive, and/or the ceramic separator is bonded to the resin frame and/or the resin film with the adhesive; andthe adhesive is at least one adhesive selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin adhesive, a natural resin adhesive, a modified olefin resin adhesive, and a modified silicone resin adhesive, and the adhesive exhibits a variation in weight of 5% or less after immersed, in a solidified form, in a 9 mol/L aqueous KOH solution at ...