СПИРТОВЫЕ ТОПЛИВНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ПРЯМОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИЕ ТВЕРДЫЕ КИСЛОТНЫЕ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТЫ

Изобретение относится к спиртовым топливным элементам прямого действия, использующим твердые кислотные электролиты и катализаторы внутреннего риформинга. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышенные удельная мощность и напряжение элемента. Согласно изобретению топливный элемент включает анод, катод, твердый кислотный электролит, газодиффузионный слой и катализатор внутреннего риформинга. Катализатор внутреннего риформинга может составлять любой подходящий риформер и он располагается по соседству с анодом. В данной конфигурации тепло, генерируемое в экзотермических реакциях на катализаторе в топливном элементе, и омическое нагревание электролита топливного элемента являются движущей силой для эндотермической реакции риформинга топлива, преобразующей спиртовое топливо в водород. Возможно использование любого спиртового топлива, например, метанола или этанола. 5 н. и 20 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил.

ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА С ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ КОНВЕРТЕРОМ, СИСТЕМА С ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ КОНВЕРТЕРОМ И УСТРОЙСТВО ВВОДА-ВЫВОДА ДЛЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ С РЕЗЕРВУАРОМ ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

FIELD: high-temperature electrochemical fuel cells and power systems using electrochemical converters. SUBSTANCE: electrochemical converter is mounted in high-pressure tank wherein converter- produced hot exhaust gases are accumulated; these gases are then conveyed to power installations such as gas turbines for heat and power cogeneration. The converter energy using equipment may include a gas turbine or a heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning system. High-pressure tank may have heat exchanger such as cooling jacket for cooling high-pressure tank and/or heating chemical agent prior to feeding it to electrochemical converter. As an alternative, compressor incorporated in gas-turbine assembly may be used to pump chemical agent through heat exchanger of high-pressure tank and to supply it under pressure to fuel cell placed inside. Exhaust gases kept under pressure and heated within fuel cell are collected in high-pressure tank and conveyed to turbine expander. Fuel cell and high-pressure tank perform the function of combustion chamber for gas-turbine assembly. Expander may be used for mechanical work or it may be integrated with generator to produce electrical energy in addition to that generated by fuel cell. In this way heat generated in electrochemical converter is used by power system. Description of inlet/outlet device used for conveying fluid medium such as exhaust gases or inlet chemical agent to high-pressure tank from outside is also given in invention. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and simplified design of power system. 48 cl, 8 dwg 81608 1сС ПЧ] с» РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (11) КО 2 180 978 5) МК’ 04 М 8/24, 8/06, 8/04 (13) С2 (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 99116626/09, 23.12.1997 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 23.12.1997 (30) Приоритет: 31.12.1996 И$ 60/034,836 09.06.1997 ЦЗ 08/871,495 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.07.2001 (46) Дата публикации: 27.03.2002 (56) Ссылки: Ч$ ...

A FUEL CELL GENERATOR AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME

Elektrochemische Zellen enthaltender Apparat mit axial angeordneten Einlässen, die die Mischung aus Brennstoff und verbrauchtem Brennstoff senkrecht über die Länge der Zellen einleiten.

GASDURCHLÄSSIGES SUBSTRAT UND SEINE VERWENDUNG IN EINER FESTOXID-BRENNSTOFFZELLE

Fuel cell for gas generation/power has a gas generating device and a reactor stage linked directly into a line with the function a reactor and/or a heat exchanger

A gas-generating device (GGD) (1) with a meandering design acts as a reformer for a fuel cell system (2). The GGD has a first mixing chamber (3), into which a gas mixture enters made up of fuel, air and steam. A homogenized mixture is carried into a subsequent first reactor stage (4), e.g. an autothermic reformer.

Wasser-Rückgewinnung für eine Brennstoffzellenanlage

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER ANODEN-TRAGENDEN ELEKTROLYT ENTHALTENDE ANORDNUNG UND SOLCHE ANORDNUNG ENTHALTENDE KERAMISCHE ZELLE

Water supply system for fuel cell arrangement has water purification unit connected to sensor that detects electrical conductivity of purified water and is connected to control unit

The system has a gas reforming device for generating water with a water purification unit (4) connected before the fuel cell arrangement (5) and a controller (6) connected to the fuel cell arrangement. The fuel cell arrangement is connected to a heat exchanger (7). The water purification unit is connected to a sensor (3a) that detects the electrical conductivity of the purified water and is connected to the control unit ...

Brennstoffzellen-System und Vorrichtung mit diesem

Brennstoffzellen-System (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es in dieser Reihenfolge jeweils benachbart zueinander eine erste sauerstoffhaltige Gasschicht, eine Brennstoffdoppelzelle (2) und eine weitere sauerstoffhaltige Gasschicht enthält, die Brennstoffdoppelzelle (2) jeweils benachbart zueinander eine erste kathodenseitige Einrichtung (3, 9) zur Stromzuleitung und kathodenseitigen Gasdiffusion, eine erste Kathode, eine erste Protonenaustauschermembran (10), eine erste Anode, eine anodenseitige Einrichtung (4, 11) zur anodenseitigen Gasdiffusion, Brennstoffverteilung und Stromableitung zu/von der ersten und zweiten Anode, eine zweite Anode, eine zweite Protonenaustauschermembran (10), eine zweite Kathode, eine zweite kathodenseitige Einrichtung (3, 9) zur kathodenseitigen Gasdiffusion und Stromzuleitung enthält, die als Diffusionselektroden ausgebildeten Kathoden sich durch die kathodenseitigen Einrichtungen (3, 9) hindurch in Kontakt mit den jeweils zu ihnen benachbarten sauerstoffhaltigen ...

An electric power generation system

Preparation of a reaction mixture for a re-forming catalyser

A device (18) for preparing a reaction mixture for a re-forming catalyser (28) of a fuel cell arrangement (10) comprises air feed means (20) for providing a regulated air supply, fuel supply means (22) for providing a regulated fuel supply, a steam generator (24) for providing a regulated steam supply, liquid water supply means (25) for providing a regulated water supply and control apparatus (26) connected with the water supply means (25), steam generator (24), fuel supply means (22) and air feed means (20) and arranged to determine setting magnitudes for the connected components in dependence on a power demand at a fuel cell (16) of the arrangement (10) and the operational phase of the device (18). Water-cooling means for cooling the fuel supply valve seat may also be provided.

A solid oxide fuel cell stack

Method of in situ preparation of hydrogen and simultaneous hydrogen control in electrol in electrochemical cells

... 1,114,851. Fuel cells. PROTOTECH Inc. 25 Jan., 1965, No. 2181/65. Heading H1B. A fuel cell utilizing a hydrogen-permeable palladium-containing layer as an anode is supplied with gaseous mixture containing hydrogen and generated in a chamber adjacent the layer and the invention resides in controlling the partial pressure of the hydrogen to prevent it exceeding the electrolyte pressure on the other side of the layer.

Fuel cell system with a reformer in an improved arrangement

EGR dispensing system in IC engine

Direct use of methanol fuel in a molten carbonate fuel cell

A method of powering a high temperature molten carbonate fuel cell using direct internal reformation of methanol. The methanol is reformed spontaneously using the anode catalyst and cell waste heat creating hydrogen which is consumed as fuel at the anode and carbon dioxide which is used to enrich the cathode oxidant. In addition, the reformation reaction is endothermic and therefore will aid in managing excess heat at the anode.

Pressure switch

A pressure sensing switch comprises a dome member supported on a substrate such as printed circuit board 3 at an intermediate position 4. An actuator 15 displaces an actuation portion of the dome inboard of intermediate position 4, flattening the dome and causing it to transition from a first configuration where an outboard contact 53 is in contact with a connector 54 to a second configuration where contact 53 is not in contact with connector 54. The dome may have a second contact 57 to contact a second connector 55 in a third, partial configuration intermediate the first and second configurations. Contact regions 53,57 may be on opposite legs of the dome (fig 3) which can flex with a non-linear characteristic including a negative stiffness portion for hysteresis. The actuator can comprise coaxial rods 7,15 and spring 14 and transmit force from a diaphragm 10. The pressure-sensing switch is optimal for use in sensing a high pressure condition in a reaction chamber to disable a pump pumping ...

HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS, TUBULAR ONES OF FIXED OXIDE GAS CELL SYSTEMS, AND PROCEDURES

MODULAR DEVELOPING HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS CELL SYSTEM

Katalysatoreinheit für ein Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellensystem

The invention relates to a catalytic converter unit (10) for a high-temperature fuel cell system, having a reformer catalytic converter (11) for the treatment of a fuel for the fuel cell and having an oxidation catalytic converter (12) for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gas from the fuel cell, wherein the oxidation catalytic converter (12) is arranged annularly around the cylindrical reformer catalytic converter (11). According to the invention, the gas paths of the oxidation catalytic converter (12) and of the reformer catalytic converter (11) are separated by a metal pipe (13) that accommodates the reformer catalytic converter (11), wherein the metal pipe (13) has a sleeve (14), which forms a housing for the reformer catalytic converter (11), and an inner pipe (15), which forms the inner wall of the annular oxidation catalytic converter (12).

Reformer unit for fuel cell system

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Reformereinheit (1), insbesondere für ein Brennstoffzellensystem (2), mit einem Brenner (3), welcher eine Brennkammer (4) aufweist, und einem Reformer (5), welcher zumindest teilweise in der Brennkammer (4) angeordnet ist und einer ersten Leitung (6), die den Reformer (5) mit Prozessgas, welches insbesondere rezirkuliertes Anodenabgas und Kohlenwasserstoffe aufweist, versorgt. Der Reformer (5) weist einen Prozessgasverteiler (7) auf, in welchen die erste Leitung (6) mündet und ist zumindest teilweise in der Brennkammer (4) angeordnet. Die Reformereinheit weist weiters einen Startbrenner (11) auf, der mit der Brennkammer (4) über ein Flammrohr (12) verbunden ist.

Reformereinheit für Brennstoffzellensystem

The invention relates to a reformer unit (1), in particular for a fuel cell system (2), having a burner (3) which comprises a combustion chamber (4), and a reformer (5) which is arranged at least in part in the combustion chamber (4), and a first conduit (6) which supplies the reformer (5) with process gas, which comprises in particular recirculated anode off-gas and hydrocarbons. According to the invention, the reformer (5) comprises a manifold (7) into which the first conduit (6) opens out.

GAS CELL SYSTEM

OPERATING PROCEDURE AT THE TIME OF THE LOAD DECREASE OF A GAS CELL SYSTEM

CURRENT SUPPLY DEVICE

Energieerzeugungseinheit mit einem Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellenstack

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Energieerzeugungseinheit mit einem mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenen Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellenstack (10) und einem dem Brennstoffzellenstack (10) vorgeschalteten Reformerkatalysator (11) zur Aufbereitung des Brennstoffs, mit einer Einrichtung (20) zur Zufuhr des flüssigen Brennstoffs in das rückgeführte Anodenabgas sowie mit einem Oxidationskatalysator (17) zur Nachbehandlung der Abgase des Brennstoffzellenstacks (10). Erfindungsgemäß ist ein erster Abschnitt (1) der Energieerzeugereinheit, der zumindest den anodenseitig vorgeschalteten Reformerkatalysator (11), den Oxidationskatalysator (17), sowie ggf. die Einrichtung (20) zur Zufuhr des flüssigen Brennstoffs enthält, durch eine Adapterplatte (3) lösbar mit einem zweiten Abschnitt (2) der Energieerzeugungseinheit verbunden, der im Wesentlichen den Hochtemperatur- Brennstoffzellenstack (10) umfasst, wobei in der Adapterplatte (3) Gaswechsel- und Gasverteilerkanäle (7, 8) zur gasdichten Verbindung der ...

GAS CELL PILE WITH COMPLETELY ON THE INSIDE ARRANGED MAIN SEWERS

ELECTRICAL GENERATION OF CURRENT SYSTEM USING GAS CELLS

GAS CELL PILE FOR ULTRAHIGH-EFFICIENT CURRENT SUPPLY SYSTEMS

GAS CELL MODULE WITH INTEGRATED ADDITIONAL HEATING SYSTEM

PROCEDURE FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY AND WARMTH FOR HEATING PURPOSES

THERMAL STEUERAPPARAT

PLANT WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS CELLS

FIXED OXIDE GAS CELL

Fuel cell system

Method and device for controlling a reformer for fuel cells

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO ...

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO ...

Method and apparatus for oxidizing carbon monoxide in the reactant stream of an electrochemical fuel cell

Production of petrochemical feedstocks and products using a fuel cell

A method of producing petrochemicals using a hydrocarbon fuel cell includes the steps of operating the fuel cell to produce electricity, thermal energy, and one or more exhaust stream, the one or more exhaust stream comprising at least a carbon-containing gas and water, reacting at least a portion of the exhaust stream with the reactant stream of natural gas to produce one or more petrochemical streams in a reactor, and heating one or more reactants using at least a portion of at least one of the electricity and the thermal energy.

Reactant flow arrangement of a power system of several internal reforming fuel cell stacks

Method for the simultaneous generation of electrical energy and heat for heating purposes

PROTON CONDUCTING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL SYSTEMS HAVING TEMPERATURE SWING REFORMING

Provided is an improvement in the process of producing energy from fuel cells. A cyclic reforming process, referred to as temperature swing reforming, provides an efficient means for producing a hydrogen containing synthesis gas for use in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell applications. In one embodiment, at least some synthesis gas which is first produced in the temperature swing reforming process is combusted with air to provide the heat for the regeneration step of the temperature swing reforming process. The syngas produced in TSR is particularly well suited for use in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell applications.

CHEMICAL REACTION APPARATUS AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

A chemical reaction apparatus includes a solid body which has an outer surface, and in which at least one flow path which allows a chemical medium to flow is formed. This body has a heating element which heats the chemical medium in the flow path to accelerate a chemical reaction of the chemical medium, and a heat radiation preventing film which covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the body, and prevents radiation of heat generated by the heating element from a portion of the outer surface.

SYSTEM FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN FUEL FOR A FUEL CELL

The invention relates to a system for generating hydrogen fuel for a fuel cell, which system comprises a device for implementing a reforming process which converts primary fuel into hydrogen. The invention is characterized by the fact that the system comprises at least one membrane (10, 22) which exhibits selective permeability for CO and/or CO2 and in that the said membrane (10, 22) is essentially composed of ceramic material.

CORNER HEATING IN RECTANGULAR SOLID OXIDE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL GENERATORS

Disclosed is an improvement in a solid oxide electrochemical cell generator 1 having a rectangular design with four sides that meet at corners, and containing multiplicity of electrically connected fuel cells 11, where a fuel gas is passed over one side of said cells and an oxygen containing gas is passed into said cells, and said fuel is burned to form heat, electricity, and an exhaust gas. The improvement comprises passing the exhaust gases over the multiplicity of cells 11 in such a way that more of the heat in said exhaust gases flows at the corner of the generator, such as through channels 19.

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING HYDROGEN FOR USE IN FUEL CELLS

The present invention provides a method and system for efficiently producing hydrogen that can be supplied to a fuel cell (52). The method and system of the present invention produces hydrogen in a reforming reactor (12) using a hydrocarbon stream (21) and water vapor stream (25) as reactants. The hydrogen produced is purified in a hydrogen separating membrane (14) to form a retentate stream (42) and purified hydrogen stream (40). The purified hydrogen can then be fed to a fuel cell (52) where electrical energy is produced and a fuel cell exhaust stream (76) containing water vapor and oxygen-depleted air is emitted. In one embodiment of the present invention, a means and method are provided for recycling a portion of the retentate stream (42) to the reforming reactor (12) for increased hydrogen yields. In another embodiment, a combustor (94) is provided for combusting a second portion (48) of the retentate stream (42) to provide heat to the reforming reaction or other reactants. In a preferred ...

DUAL USE HYDROCARBON FUEL COMPOSITION

A hydrocarbon fuel composition which is suitable for sue in a fuel cell apparatus and an internal combustion engine comprises at least one saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and is characterised by . an olefin content of less than 20 % by volume, an aromatics content of less than 42 % by volume, a final boiling point (fop) of less than 215 ~C, and a sulphur content of less than 20 ppm.

FUEL CELL STACKS FOR ULTRA-HIGH EFFICIENCY POWER SYSTEMS

A system and method for producing electricity with a fuel cell power system. The power system includes an assembly of fuel cell stacks (220) that operate at different temperatures, which vary between two or more of the fuel cell stacks. The fuel cell stack can have multiple temperature regions (240, 242, 244) formed axially along the stack, or a plurality of spatially separated fuel cell stacks can be employed to heat a reactant from an input temperature to a desired temperature. The fuel cell stacks have operating temperatures in the range between about 20 ~C and about 2000 ~C.

PRODUCTION OF PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS AND PRODUCTS USING A FUEL CELL

A method of producing petrochemicals using a hydrocarbon fuel cell includes the steps of operating the fuel cell to produce electricity, thermal energy, and one or more exhaust stream, the one or more exhaust stream comprising at least a carbon-containing gas and water, reacting at least a portion of the exhaust stream with the reactant stream of natural gas to produce one or more petrochemical streams in a reactor, and heating one or more reactants using at least a portion of at least one of the electricity and the thermal energy.

FUEL CELL ASSEMBLY AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION UNIT USED IN SAME

A fuel cell assembly has a housing defining an electricity generation/combustion chamber, and electricity generation/combustion means disposed within the housing. A fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas are supplied to the electricity generation/combustion means, and a combustion gas formed within the electricity generation/combustion chamber is discharged from the electricity generation/combustion chamber. A heat exchanger having a first channel and a second channel is disposed on at least one surface of the housing, the combustion gas is discharged from the interior of the electricity generation/combustion chamber through the first channel of the heat exchanger, and one of the oxygen-containing gas and the fuel gas is supplied to the electricity generation/combustion means through the second channel of the heat exchanger. A plurality of electricity generation units are arranged in parallel within the housing, and each of the electricity generation units includes a cell stack constituting ...

LIQUID FUEL CPOX REFORMER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL STACK

A solid oxide fuel cell stack (10) comprises a plurality of modules (12). Each module (12) comprises an elongate hollow member (14). Each hollow member (14) has at least one passage (32) extending longitudinally through the hollow member (14) for the flow of reactant. Each hollow member (14) has two parallel flat surfaces (16, 18). At least one of the modules (12A, 12B, 12C) includes a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells (20). The solid oxide fuel cells (20) are arranged on the flat surfaces (16, 18) of the modules (12A, 12B, 12C). At least one end (34) of each module (12) is connected to an end (36) of an adjacent module (12) to allow reactant to flow sequentially through the modules (12). The arrangement of the modules (12) provides compliance in the solid oxide fuel cell stack (10) and thermal and mechanical stresses in the solid oxide fuel cell stack (10) are reduced.

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION AND CARBON CAPTURE USING FUEL CELLS

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION AND CARBON CAPTURE USING FUEL CELLS

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). The fuel cells are operated to have a reduced anode fuel utilization. Optionally, at least a portion of the anode exhaust is recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust is recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells are operated.

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION AND CARBON CAPTURE USING FUEL CELLS

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

POWER GENERATION METHOD USING MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL APPARATUS HAVING AN INTEGRATED REFORMER-MIXER NOZZLE-MIXER DIFFUSER

... 55,780 An electrochemical apparatus (10) is made having a generator section (22) containing electrochemical cells (16), a fresh gaseous feed fuel inlet (28), a gaseous feed oxidant inlet (30), and at least one hot gaseous spent fuel recirculation channel (46), where the spent fuel recirculation channel (46), passes from the generator chamber (22) to combine with the fresh feed fuel inlet (28) to form a reformable mixture, where a reforming chamber (54) contains an outer portion containing reforming material (56), an inner portion preferably containing a mixer nozzle (50) and a mixer-diffuser (52), and a middle portion (64) for receiving spent fuel, where the mixer nozzle (50) and mixer-diffuser (52) are preferably both within the reforming chamber (54) and substantially exterior to the main portion of the apparatus, where the reformable mixture flows up and then backward before contacting the reforming material (56), and the mixer nozzle (50) can operate below 400.degree.C.

ELECTROCHEMICAL FUEL CELL ASSEMBLY WITH INTEGRAL SELECTIVE OXIDIZER

A method and apparatus (212) selectively oxidizes, within the fuel cell assembly (210), the carbon monoxide present in a fuel stream (222) fed to the assembly. A quantity of catalyst is contained within at least a portion of a fuel stream passageway within the stack. The carbon monoxide is selectively oxidized by the catalyst to carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide produced by the reverse water-shift reaction is also oxidized.

THERMAL CONTROL APPARATUS

A heat exchanging apparatus (20, 25, 27, 29) including a working fluid (26) and a structure for exchanging heat between the working fluid and an external environment. The structure includes at least one wall element (28) having an external surface (28B) exposed to the external environment and an internal surface (28A) exposed to the working fluid such that heat can be exchanged between the environment and the working fluid by conductive heat transfer through the wall element. The apparatus can further include a reservoir element (34) for providing a reservoir for the working fluid and a distribution element for distributing the working fluid along the wall element to provide isothermal heat exchange between the working fluid and the external environment. In one embodiment, the structure can be a double lumen tubular structure having an inner lumen which provides a reservoir for the working fluid, and an lumen where heat is exchanged between the working fluid and an external environment.

THERMALLY ENHANCED COMPACT REFORMER

A natural gas reformer (10) comprising a stack of thermally conducting plates (12) interspersed with catalyst plates (14) and provided with internal or external manifolds for reactants. The catalyst plate is in intimate thermal contact with the conducting plates so that its temperature closely tracks the temperature of the thermally conducting plate, which can be designed to attain a near isothermal state in-plane to the plate. One or more catalysts may be used, distributed along the flow direction, in-plane to the thermally conducting plate, in a variety of optional embodiments. The reformer may be operated as a steam reformer or as a partial oxidation reformer. When operated as a steam reformer, thermal energy for the (endothermic) steam reforming reaction is provided externally by radiation and/or conduction to the thermally conducting plates. This produces carbon monoxide, hydrogen, steam and carbon dioxide. When operated as a partial oxidation reformer, a fraction of the natural gas ...

CATALYTIC HUMIDIFIER AND HEATER FOR THE FUEL STREAM OF A FUEL CELL

A method and apparatus are provided for humidifying fuel, and optionally oxidant, supplied to a fuel cell system, which can be a single fuel cell or a multiplicity of fuel cells. A catalytic reactor is provided, which is supplied with a portio n of the fuel and the oxidant. The fuel is supplied in excess of the oxidant to the catalytic reactor, so as to generate a stream of fuel which is both heated and humidified. For a closed system, a heated and humidified fuel flow, and optionally a heated and humidified oxidant flow, are mixed with additional flows of these gases supplied to the fuel cell.

PRESSURIZED, INTEGRATED ELECTROCHEMICAL CONVERTER ENERGY SYSTEM

An electrochemical converter is disposed within a pressure vessel that collects hot exhaust gases generated by the converter for delivery to a cogeneration bottoming device, such as a gas turbine. The bottoming device extracts energy from the waste heat generated by the converter, such as a fuel cell for the generation of electricity, yielding an improved efficiency energy system. Bottoming devices can include, for example, a gas turbine system or a heating, ventilation or cooling (HVAC) system. The pressure vessel can include a heat exchanger, such as a cooling jacket, for cooling the pressure vessel and/or preheating an input reactant to the electrochemical converter prior to introduction of the reactant to the converter. In one embodiment, a compressor of a gas turbine system assembly draws an input reactant through the pressure vessel heat exchanger and delivers the reactant under pressure to a fuel cell enclosed therein. Pressurized and heated fuel cell exhaust gases are collected ...

Procédé de production d'énergie électrique au moyen d'une pile à combustible

Brennstoffzelle

Procédé de préparation de dérivés du bis-hydroxyméthyl-prégnane

Installation chimio-électrogène comprenant au moins une pile à gaz élémentaire et procédé de mise en action de cette installation

Verfahren zur unmittelbaren Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie und Brennstoffzelle zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Verfahren zur direkten Umwandlung der chemischen Energie von aus wasserstoffhaltigen Verbindungen hergestelltem Wasserstoff in elektrische Energie und Brennstoffzelle zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus wasserstoffhaltigen gasförmigen Verbindungen und Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung zusammen mit einer Brennstoffzelle

Pile à combustible à électrolyte solide en zircone stabilisée et procédé pour sa fabrication

Procédé pour produire un courant électrique et pile pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

GAS CELL ARRANGEMENT FROM A PILE OF PLATTENFOERMIGER OF CERAMIC HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS CELLS WITH SOLID ELECTROLYTES.

In a device with a plurality of high-temperature fuel cells connected in parallel for converting the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy, perfectly uniform transfer of current from one fuel cell to an adjacent fuel cell must be ensured while preventing cross-currents in the electrodes. The gaseous media are conveyed to and from the electrodes so as to maintain the operating temperature attained as uniform as possible over the entire surface of the electrodes. To this end, the oxygen electrode (2) consists of SrO-doped Mn oxides with a Cr surface coating (4) and the fuel electrode (3) consists of Ni/ZrO2 cermet with an Ni surface coating (5); the separating plate (6) is a hollow body which conducts, distributes and collects gaseous media; and a highly elastic structural component in the form of a gas-permeable intermediate layer (11) which acts as a high-temperature spring is located between the separating plate (6) and the current collectors (12, 13).

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГИИ ПРЕДПОЧТИТЕЛЬНО В ФОРМЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСТВА И/ИЛИ ТЕПЛА, ИСПОЛЬЗУЯ ДИОКСИД УГЛЕРОДА И МЕТАН С ПОМОЩЬЮ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ГАЗОВОЙ РЕАКЦИИ, И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ДАННОГО СПОСОБА

Описан способ получения электричества посредством сгорания органического материала, причем в упомянутом сгорании образуются диоксид углерода и моноксид углерода, которые возвращают и используют в качестве исходного материала. Данную реакцию осуществляют в объединенном каталитическом газовом реакторе/мембране. Described is a method of generating electricity by combustion of organic material, wherein carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are generated in said combustion, which are recycled and used as starting material. This reaction is carried out in a combined catalytic gas reactor / membrane.

СПОСОБ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА ИЗ РЕАКЦИОННОЙ СМЕСИ

Изобретение касается способа электрохимического отделения водорода из водородсодержащей реакционной смеси R с помощью газонепроницаемой мембраноэлектродной сборки, которая содержит по меньшей мере одну селективно проводящую протоны мембрану и с каждой стороны мембраны по меньшей мере один электродный катализатор, причем со стороны ретентата по меньшей мере часть содержащегося в реакционной смеси R водорода окисляется на анодном катализаторе до протонов, и протоны после пересечения мембраны со стороны пермеата на катодном катализаторе согласно I восстанавливаются до водорода и/или II превращаются с кислородом в воду, причем кислород происходит из кислородсодержащего потока О, который приводят в контакт со стороной пермеата мембраны, а также касается реактора, который оборудован по меньшей мере одной мембраноэлектродной сборкой.

用于碳氢化合物燃料的高温电化学换能器

... 一种具有低内阻的耐硫电化学换能器，它能够直接处理含硫成分高达50ppm的碳氢化合物燃料，且超过此含硫量情况下，不会产生永久性结构损坏或整体操作性能不会经历显著的和/或持久的下降。该电化学换能器是一种具有工作温度在约600℃～1200℃范围的高温燃料电池，能够内部汽化和/或重整碳氢化合物燃料。一个或多个换能器构件，如联接器、联接器接触表面、燃料电极和氧化剂电极由含有至少氧化铬和碱金属氧化物的所选混合物构成。 ...

Hot controlling device

Membrane of transfer of hydrogen, in particular for combustible battery

IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING ELECTRICITY IN A FUEL CELL

Indicator mechanism for automatically switching to blocking

INTERNAL STEAM GENERATION FOR FUEL CELL

... 연료 전지 시스템은 양성자 교환막의 대향하는 양면에 배열되는 애노드판과 캐소드판을 가지는 연료 전지 스택을 포함한다. 냉각 채널은 애노드판과 캐소드판 중 적어도 하나와 열 접촉하며 내부 냉각액 통로를 포함한다. 압력 강하 장치가 냉각액 채널에 마련되며 냉각액 통로 내부에 아대기압을 제공하도록 구성된다. 일 실시예에서 냉각액 통로 내부의 냉각액은 대기압 미만이다. 압축 장치는 아대기압의 냉각액 스팀을 운반하도록 구성되는 냉각액 스팀 루프에 의해 내부 냉각액 통로의 하류에서 내부 냉각액 통로에 유체적으로 상호연결된다. 압축 장치는 아대기압 냉각액 스팀의 압력과 온도를 초대기압까지 증가시키고 압력-엔탈피 곡선의 스팀 영역 이내에서 냉각액 스팀을 유지하도록 구성된다.

Large Scale Stacks of Flat Tube Type Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and their Manufacturing Methods

METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY REMOVING HYDROGEN FROM A REACTION MIXTURE

FUEL CELL UNIT WHICH TAKES OUT ELECTRICITY BY AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN OXIDANT AND REDUCTANT AND AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE EMPLOYING THE FUEL CELL UNIT

PURPOSE: A fuel cell unit is provided to prevent the generation efficiency of a cell stack from being degraded by covering the surface of an electrode by a heating unit. CONSTITUTION: A fuel cell unit(100) comprises a power generation cell(8) having a first electrode and a second electrode, which generates electric power by using a first material supplied to the first electrode and a second material supplied to the second electrode; a heating unit to heat the power generation cell; and a power collecting unit to take out electric power from the first electrode or the second electrode, wherein the heating unit is provided at the power collecting unit. © KIPO 2009 ...

FUEL CELL APPARATUS AND METHODS

The invention relates to a fuel cell apparatus that includes a housing. The housing defines a substantially isothermal zone which integrates a fuel cell and a tail gas burner with the isothermal zone. The fuel cell and the tail gas burner are in thermal communication and share a common wall. In one embodiment, the housing further integrates a fuel reformer, where the fuel reformer is in thermal communication with the fuel cell. In one embodiment, the fuel cell and the tail gas burner can be arranged to produce a power density greater than or equal to about 2 W/cc. The fuel cell preferably is a solid oxide fuel cell. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

a robust and compact propane-fueled 150 W-class SOFC power-generation system

The thermally enhanced compact reformer

A plate reformer to reform the reaction article into reaction kinds during the operation process includes the following parts: The catalyst plate is combined with one or more kind catalyst article to promote reformation. And the thermal conducting plate is composed by several thermal-conductive materials. The catalyst plate and thermal-conductive plate are stacked alternately to form reformative structure. And the thermal-conductive plate can conduct & transfer the thermal energy into plane to support reformation process.

An electrochemical fuel cell generator having an internal and leak tight hydrocarbon fuel reformer for having an internal and leak tight hydrocarbon fuel reformer

An electrochemical fuel cell generator configuration (10) is made having a generator section which contains a plurality of axially elongated fuel cells (26), each cell containing a fuel electrode (28), air electrode (30), and solid oxide electrolyte (32) between the electrodes, in which axially elongated dividers (58) separate portions of the fuel cells f4rom each other, and where at least one divider (60) also reforms a reformable fuel gas mixture prior to electricity generation reactions, the at least one reformer-devider (62) is hollow (64) having a closed end (70) and an open end (68) entrance (72) for a reformable fuel mixture to pass to the closed end of the divider and then reverse flow and pass back along the hollowed walls to be reformed, and then finally to pass as reformed fuel out of the open end (88) of the divider to contact the fuel cells, and further where the reformer-divider is a composite structure having a gas diffusion barrier for fuel mixture between divider and fuel ...

FUEL CELL POWER PLANT WARM UP

In a fuel cell power plant, carbon monoxide contained in reformate gas which is produced by a reformer (3) by means of a catalytic fuel reaction is removed by the respective catalytic reactions of a shift converter (4) and a preferential oxidation reactor (5). During start up of the fuel cell power plant, a burner (6) burns fuel to produce combustion gas and the combustion gas is supplied individually to the reformer (3), shift converter (4) and preferential oxidation reactor (5) through combustion gas supply passages (71-73) thereby simultaneously completing warming up of these catalytic reactors (3-5).

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A REFORMER FOR FUEL CELLS

The invention relates to a method and device for controlling a reformer (1) comprising a reaction chamber (4) and provided for fuel cells, particularly for use in a vehicle. According to the invention, the mass flow of oxidation gas is controlled according to a sensor signal, which represents a measured value, of an oxidation gas mass flow sensor (14) located inside an oxidation gas channel (13). In order to achieve a simple and reliable control, the invention provides that a control of the oxidation gas mass flow ensues when a respective measured value of the oxidation gas mass flow sensor (14) is greater than an upper limit value or is less than a lower limit value of the oxidation gas mass flow.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE TEMPERATURE OF A FUEL CELL BY FACILITATING METHANOL CROSSOVER AND COMBUSTION

A method is provided for adjusting the temperature of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (2), such as a direct methanol fuel cell or PEM fuel cell. A method is also provided for starting a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell apparatus is further provided. In the present methods and apparatus, the temperature of a fuel cell is increased by providing a fuel stream (2c) containing methanol to the fuel cell anode and facilitating methanol crossover and combustion. The methanol concentration or methanol pressure can be adjusted in response to a measured parameter indicative of the fuel cell temperature( 7).

INTEGRATED REFORMER/CPN SOFC STACK MODULE DESIGN

A thermally integrated reformer (10) is located inside the stack furnace (12) housing stacks (14) of solid oxide fuel cells (16). The energy to support the endothermic reformation reaction converting hydrocarbon and water feedstock into hydrogen and carbon monoxide fuel is supplied by heat recovered from the oxidation process in the stack (14) of fuel cells (16). The source of hydrocarbons is de-sulfurized natural gas. Heat transfers to reformers (10) which may be incrementally shielded packed beds (30, 60) of the reactors (18, 19) of the reformer (10) by radiation from the stacks (14), furnace wall (38), or both and by forced convection from the exhausting airflow exiting the stack furnace (12). Temperature gradients in the reformer (10) may be controlled by selective (or incremented) radiation shielding (20) and by counterflow heat exchange to prevent excessive premature cracking in the reformer. Such an optimized design uses a minimum amount of catalyst, yet prevents carbonization from ...

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL SYSTEM

The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system, wherein planar fuel cells are arranged in stacked form and in this respect an integrated post- combustion of non-oxidized components, or of not fully oxidized components, in the exhaust gas can take place. The fuel cells of a system in accordance with the invention have a cathode-electrolyte-anode unit. A bipolar plate is arranged between two respective fuel cells and channels for the supply and removal of a fuel gas to anodes and of an oxidizing agent to cathodes are present. The exhaust gases at the anode side or at the cathode side are introduced via internal additional channels or directly into an afterburner in which a catalytic post-oxidizing of the exhaust gas mixture formed with the exhaust gas at the anode side and at the cathode side takes place. In this respect, a catalytic afterburner is associated with every single fuel cell or with a group formed of a plurality of fuel cells and the afterburners are arranged so that ...

METHOD OF DELIVERING FUEL AND AIR TO A FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A method for removing sulfur-containing species from a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and capturing a portion of vaporized sulfur-free fuel to be processed into hydrogen for use in a fuel cell engine. Sulfur is removed from a hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline, diesel, or kerosene by heating the fuel under pressure so to keep the fuel in the liquid phase, and passing it over a sulfur trap (10) that contains an adsorbent bed that adsorbs the sulfur containing species in the fuel. The sulfur-free fuel that exits the adsorbent bed is slightly depressurized to generate a two phase hydrocarbon mixture. The vapor/liquid mixture is separated, and the liquid protion is sent to the inlet of a fuel processor system (2) where it is mixed with air and steam to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate mixture. The vapor portion of the sulfur-free hydrocarbon mixture is sent to a vapor canister where it is adsorbed on an activated carbon adsorbent. The adsorbed hydrocarbon vapors are desorbed from the vapor trap (10 ...

INTEGRATED POWER GENERATION AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTION USING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a solid oxide fuel cell at conditions that can improve or optimize the combined electrical efficiency and chemical efficiency of the fuel cell. Instead of selecting conventional conditions for maximizing the electrical efficiency of a fuel cell, the operating conditions can allow for output of excess synthesis gas and/or hydrogen in the anode exhaust of the fuel cell. The synthesis gas and/or hydrogen can then be used in a variety of applications, including chemical synthesis processes and collection of hydrogen for use as a fuel.

Method of heating and humidifying at least an oxidant stream of a fuel cell

A method and apparatus are provided for humidifying fuel, and optionally oxidant, supplied to a fuel cell system, which can be a single fuel cell or a multiplicity of fuel cells. A catalytic reactor is provided, which is supplied with a portion of the fuel and the oxidant. The fuel is supplied in excess of the oxidant to the catalytic reactor, so as to generate a stream of fuel which is both heated and humidified. For a closed system, a heated and humidified fuel flow, and optionally a heated and humidified oxidant flow, are mixed with additional flows of these gases supplied to the fuel cell.

LOW PRESSURE DROP FUEL PROCESSOR FOR USE WITH PORTABLE FUEL CELLS

The invention relates to a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel and includes a low pressure drop burner. The low pressure drop burner permits the use of a low pressure air supply such as a fan to move products and reactants through the burner.

Fuel cell assembly and fuel cell device

The fuel cell assembly of the present invention comprises a first fuel cell, a second fuel cell disposed adjacent to the first fuel cell, and a current collector for electrically connecting the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell. The first fuel cell and the second fuel cell are respectively furnished with an electrical generating portion for generating electricity, each of the electrical generation portion having a first electrode through the interior of which a first gas flows, a second electrode of a polarity different from the first electrode, on the exterior of which a second gas flows, and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The current collector distributes and sources the current generated in the first fuel cell generating portion from two different locations on the first electrode on the first fuel cell to the second electrode of the second fuel cell.

Method and arrangement for controlling anode recirculation

A fuel cell system arrangement is disclosed for controlling an Oxygen-to-Carbon (O/C) relationship by providing water to an anode side fuel recirculation, pumping the provided water to facilitate a water flow, and evaporating water from the facilitated water flow for generating pressurized steam having at least the motive pressure for a steam jet-ejector. The at least one steam jet-ejector can inject at least part of the steam to the fuel cell system, and entrain part of an essentially low pressure anode exhaust gas stream in the anode side gas recirculation and compress the gas mixture to an intermediate pressure of the fuel feed-in stream for controlling the Oxygen-to-Carbon (O/C) relationship in the fuel side of the fuel cell system.

Method for shutting down indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell

Provided is a method for shutting down an indirect internal reforming SOFC, in which reliable reforming, prevention of anode oxidative degradation, fuel saving and time saving are possible. Reforming catalyst layer temperature T is measured, and FkCALC is calculated; when FkCALC≧FkE, T is measured, and FkCALC and FkMinCALC are calculated; if FkMinCALC≧FkE, then the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the reformer is set to FkE and the method moves on to step D; if FkCALC≦FkMinCALC<FkE, then C6 to C9 are performed in order; C6) the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer is increased; C7) T is measured, and FkCALC and FkMinCALC are calculated; C8) if FkCALC<FkE, then the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the reformer is set to FkMinCALC and the method returns to C6; C9) if FkCALC≧FkE, then the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the reformer is set to FkE and the method moves on to D; D) the method waits for the anode temperature to fall below an oxidative degradation temperature. FkE and the like are defined in the specification.

Energy generating unit comprising a high-temperature fuel cell stack and a vaporizing unit

The invention relates to an energy generation unit comprising a high-temperature fuel cell stack ( 10 ), which is operated with liquid fuel, and a reformer ( 11 ) connected upstream of the fuel cell stack for processing the fuel, a recirculation line ( 13 ) for at least partially feeding back the anode exhaust gas into the reformer ( 1 ) and a device for feeding the liquid fuel into the anode exhaust gas. In accordance with the invention, the invention for feeding the fuel is in the form of an evaporator device ( 20 ), comprising a housing ( 21 ) which has an evaporator nonwoven ( 23 ) in the region of the fuel feed line ( 22 ), wherein the hot anode exhaust gas can be applied to said evaporator nonwoven from the recirculation line ( 13 ).

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL APPARATUS

The solid oxide fuel cell apparatus of the present invention comprises: multiple fuel cells mutually electrically connected to each other; an outside cylindrical member for housing the multiple fuel cells; an oxidant gas supply flow path for supplying oxidant gas to the fuel cells; a fuel gas supply flow path for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cells; a reforming portion for producing fuel gas by reforming raw fuel gas using steam; an evaporating portion for producing steam supplied to the reforming portion; and a fuel gas supply pipe for supplying water evaporated by the evaporating portion; wherein the evaporating portion comprises a sloped plate for dispersing water supplied from the fuel gas supply pipe over the entire evaporating portion using capillary action. 7. A solid oxide fuel cell apparatus for generating electricity by supplying and reacting fuel gas and oxidant gas , comprising:multiple fuel cells mutually electrically connected to each other;a housing case for housing the multiple fuel cells;an oxidant gas supply passage for supplying the oxidant gas to the multiple fuel cells;a fuel gas supply passage for supplying the fuel gas to the multiple fuel cells;a reformer disposed inside the fuel gas supply passage, for reforming raw fuel gas using steam to produce the fuel gas;an evaporator for producing steam supplied to the reformer; anda water supply portion for supplying water to be evaporated by the evaporator;wherein the evaporator includes a capillary-action producing portion for dispersing water supplied from the water supply portion over the entire evaporator using capillary action.21. The solid oxide fuel cell apparatus according to claim , wherein the capillary-action producing portion of the evaporator is formed by an acute-angle shaped indentation disposed over the entire bottom surface of the evaporator.3. The solid oxide fuel cell apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising a mixing chamber positioned above the evaporator claim 2 , ...

Hydrogen Generator

A hydrogen generator including an initiator assembly having one or more contact members within a compressible member, and a removable fuel unit adjacent a surface of the compressible member. The fuel unit contains a hydrogen containing material that can release hydrogen gas when heated and an exothermic mixture that can react exothermically upon initiation by the initiator assembly. When no fuel unit is in the hydrogen generator, the compressible member is uncompressed and the contact members are at or below its surface, and when a fuel unit is disposed in the hydrogen generator, the compressible member is compressed so the contact members extend beyond the surface to make thermal contact with the fuel unit. Energy from the initiator assembly is conducted by the contact members to corresponding quantities of the exothermic mixture to initiate an exothermic reaction, providing heat for the release of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen containing material.

Electrochemical Element, Electrochemical Module, Electrochemical Device, Energy System, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Manufacturing Method for Electrochemical Element

Provided are an electrochemical element and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical element includes a metal support, and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal support. The metal support is made of any one of a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Zr in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, and a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti and Zr, a total content of Ti and Zr being 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less.

APPARATUS COMPRISING A FUEL CELL UNIT AND A COMPONENT, AND A STACK COMPONENT FOR USE IN SUCH AN APPARATUS

A fuel cell unit with a plurality of fuel cells defining a longitudinal axis and a main flow direction coaxial to the longitudinal axis. Fuel cell inlets and fuel cell outlets are arranged at opposite ends of the fuel cell unit and in line with the main flow direction. Also, a component comprising first fluid conduits arranged parallel to the main flow direction, the first fluid conduits comprising first fluid inlets and first fluid outlets arranged at opposite ends of the component and in line with the main flow direction. The component is arranged adjacent the fuel cell unit such that at least one of the first fluid inlets and the first fluid outlets of the component are arranged adjacent at least one of the fuel cell outlets and the fuel cell inlets such that a fluid flow may flow substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus in the first fluid conduits of the component and in the fuel cell unit and when passing from the component to the fuel cell unit or vice versa. 1. A component unit for use with a device requiring a fluid flow passing therethrough , the component unit comprising a first stack component and comprising a second stack component , wherein each of the first stack component and the second stack component comprise a plurality of plates arranged parallel to a main flow direction and at a distance to each other forming a first and a second stack , wherein each of the first and second stack is open at a front side and at a back side for a first fluid to enter the stack at the front side , to pass through the stack along the main flow direction in first fluid conduits and to leave the stack at the back side; each of the first and the second stack further comprising: second fluid conduits with a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet , the second fluid inlet is arranged at a lateral side of the stack and the second fluid outlet is arranged at an opposite lateral side of the stack , wherein the first stack component and the second ...

APPARATUS COMPRISING A FUEL CELL UNIT AND A COMPONENT, A STACK COMPONENT FOR USE IN SUCH AN APPARATUS

A fuel cell unit with a plurality of fuel cells defining a longitudinal axis and a main flow direction coaxial to the longitudinal axis. Fuel cell inlets and fuel cell outlets are arranged at opposite ends of the fuel cell unit and in line with the main flow direction. Also, a component comprising first fluid conduits arranged parallel to the main flow direction, the first fluid conduits comprising first fluid inlets and first fluid outlets arranged at opposite ends of the component and in line with the main flow direction. The component is arranged adjacent the fuel cell unit such that at least one of the first fluid inlets and the first fluid outlets of the component are arranged adjacent at least one of the fuel cell outlets and the fuel cell inlets such that a fluid flow may flow substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus in the first fluid conduits of the component and in the fuel cell unit and when passing from the component to the fuel cell unit or vice versa. 1. Apparatus comprisinga fuel cell unit with a plurality of fuel cells arranged in parallel defining a longitudinal axis of the apparatus and defining a main flow direction coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus, wherein fuel cell inlets and fuel cell outlets are arranged at opposite ends of the fuel cell unit and in line with the main flow direction;and further comprising:a component comprising first fluid conduits arranged parallel to the main flow direction, and the first fluid conduits comprising first fluid inlets and first fluid outlets arranged at opposite ends of the component and in line with the main flow direction,and wherein the component is arranged adjacent the fuel cell unit such that at least one of the first fluid inlets and the first fluid outlets of the component are arranged adjacent at least one of the fuel cell outlets and the fuel cell inlets such that a fluid flow entering the apparatus may flow substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of ...

FUEL CELL MODULE

A fuel cell module includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, a second area where a reformer and a heat exchanger are provided, a third area where an evaporator is provided, and a condensed water recovery mechanism for recovering condensed water produced by condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion gas by allowing the condensed water to flow from the third area to the second area and then flow from the second area to the first area. 1. A fuel cell module comprising:a fuel cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells for generating electricity by electrochemical reactions of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas;a reformer for reforming a mixed gas of a raw fuel chiefly containing hydrocarbon and water vapor to produce the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell stack;an evaporator for evaporating water, and supplying the water vapor to the reformer;a heat exchanger for raising the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas by heat exchange with a combustion gas, and supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the fuel cell stack;an exhaust gas combustor for combusting the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell stack as a fuel exhaust gas and the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the fuel cell stack as an oxygen-containing exhaust gas to produce the combustion gas; anda start-up combustor for combusting the raw fuel and the oxygen-containing gas to produce the combustion gas,wherein the fuel cell module includes:a first area where the exhaust gas combustor and the start-up combustor are provided;an annular second area around the first area and where the reformer and the heat exchanger are provided;an annular third area around the second area and where the evaporator is provided; anda condensed water recovery mechanism for recovering condensed water produced by condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion gas by causing the condensed water to flow from the third area to the second area and ...

THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF FUEL CELL UNITS AND SYSTEMS

Various designs and configurations of and methods of operating fuel cell units, fuel cell systems and combined heat and power systems are provided that permit efficient thermal management of such units and systems to improve their operation. 172-. (canceled)73. A fuel cell unit , the fuel cell unit comprising:a reformer;a fuel cell stack in operable fluid communication with the reformer; 'wherein a reduced level of thermal insulation is in comparison to the level of thermal insulation in contact with, adjacent to, and/or in thermal communication with the other face(s), segment(s) thereof, or other surface(s) of the fuel cell unit; and', 'wherein a reduced level of thermal insulation is in contact with, adjacent to, and/or in thermal communication with at least one face, a segment thereof, or one surface of the fuel cell unit thereby to increase heat transfer through and/or from the at least one face, the segment thereof, or one surface,'}, 'an afterburner in operable fluid communication with the fuel cell stack,'}a liquid heat-exchange plate or a liquid heat-exchange jacket in thermal communication with the reduced level of thermal insulation, thereby to transfer preferentially heat through and/or from the at least one face, a segment thereof, or one surface to a heat-exchange liquid in the liquid heat-exchange plate or a liquid heat-exchange jacket.74. The fuel cell unit of claim 73 , wherein the liquid heat-exchange plate or the liquid heat-exchange jacket encompasses one or more of the reformer claim 73 , the fuel cell unit claim 73 , and the afterburner.75. The fuel cell unit of claim 73 , wherein the liquid heat-exchange plate or the liquid heat-exchange liquid heat-exchange jacket comprises an interface configured to connect the liquid heat-exchange plate or the liquid heat-exchange jacket to a common liquid heat-exchange conduit of a fuel cell system.76. The fuel cell unit of claim 75 , wherein the interface between the liquid heat-exchange plate or the ...

Method for heating a fuel cell system and fuel cell system

The present invention relates to a method for heating a fuel cell system (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode portion (3) and a cathode portion (4), and a reformer (5) upstream of the anode portion (3) for steam reforming using a fuel, the reformer (5) comprising a nickel-based catalyst, said method having the following steps: starting a heating process for heating the fuel cell system (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) with a heating device (6) and conducting a carbon-containing fluid and conducting steam through the nickel-based catalyst of the reformer (5) during the heating process. The invention also relates to a fuel cell system (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) which is designed to carry out a method according to the invention.

Thermal management of fuel cell units and systems

Various designs and configurations of and methods of operating fuel cell units, fuel cell systems and combined heat and power systems are provided that permit efficient thermal management of such units and systems to improve their operation.

Hydrogen Generator

A hydrogen generator including an initiator assembly having one or more contact members within a compressible member, and a removable fuel unit adjacent a surface of the compressible member. The fuel unit contains a hydrogen containing material that can release hydrogen gas when heated and an exothermic mixture that can react exothermically upon initiation by the initiator assembly. When no fuel unit is in the hydrogen generator, the compressible member is uncompressed and the contact members are at or below its surface, and when a fuel unit is disposed in the hydrogen generator, the compressible member is compressed so the contact members extend beyond the surface to make thermal contact with the fuel unit. Energy from the initiator assembly is conducted by the contact members to corresponding quantities of the exothermic mixture to initiate an exothermic reaction, providing heat for the release of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen containing material.

INTEGRATED REFORMER AND SYNGAS SEPARATOR

A reformer assembly for a fuel cell includes a vortex tube receiving heated fuel mixed with steam. A catalyst coats the inner wall of the main tube of the vortex tube and a hydrogen-permeable tube is positioned in the middle of the main tube coaxially with the main tube. With this combination of structure, 1. A reformer assembly , comprising:at least one vortex tube comprising a swirl chamber having a hydrocarbon input and a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a first output juxtaposed with an inside surface of a wall of the main tube segment, the first output for outputting relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input;at least one catalytic constituent on the inside surface of the wall of the main tube segment; andat least one heat input to heat to vortex tube to promote reformation of Hydrogen and Carbon from the hydrocarbon input.2. A reformer assembly , comprising:at least one vortex tube comprising a swirl chamber having a hydrocarbon input and a main tube segment communicating with the swirl chamber and having a first output juxtaposed with an inside surface of a wall of the main tube segment, the first output for outputting relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input;at least one catalytic constituent on the inside surface of the wall of the main tube segment;at least one tube disposed centrally in the main tube segment and defining a second output at one end of the hydrogen-permeable tube for outputting at least one relatively lighter and cooler constituent of fluid provided at the hydrocarbon input; andat least one heat input to heat to vortex tube to promote reformation of Hydrogen and Carbon from the hydrocarbon input.3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one relatively lighter and cooler constituent includes hydrogen.4. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the relatively hotter and heavier constituents of fluid provided at the input ...

INTEGRATED METHODS FOR CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS

Among other things, the present invention encompasses the applicant's recognition that epoxide carbonylation can be performed industrially utilizing syngas streams containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and varying amounts carbon dioxide. Contrary to expectation, the epoxide carbonylation reaction proceeds selectively in the presence of these mixed gas streams and incorporates excess CO in the syngas stream into valuable chemical precursors, resulting in hydrogen streams substantially free of CO. This is economically and environmentally preferable to performing WSGR which releases the excess carbon as CO2. The integrated processes herein therefore provide improved carbon efficiency for processes based on coal or biomass gasification or steam methane reforming. 1. A method for the integrated production of chemicals comprising the steps of:a) in a first reaction zone, contacting an epoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst with a syngas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide thereby causing carbon monoxide in the industrial gas stream to react with the epoxide to provide an epoxide carbonylation product,b) removing an upgraded gas stream from the first reaction zone wherein the upgraded gas stream has a higher hydrogen to carbon monoxide than the starting syngas stream,c) in a second reaction zone, utilizing the upgraded gas stream to conduct a second chemical process requiring a hydrogen to CO ratio higher than the ratio in the industrial gas stream utilized in step (a).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the syngas stream has a molar hydrogen to CO ratio between 0.5:1 and 1.2:1 and the upgraded gas stream has a hydrogen to CO ratio of at least 1.9:1.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chemical process comprises Fischer Tropsch synthesis.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chemical process comprises reaction on a fuel cell.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chemical process comprises hydrogenation.6. The method of claim 1 ...

STACK ARRAY IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

A stack array in a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system is provided. The stack array comprises a supporting body and a stack group, wherein the supporting body is in a layered structure and comprises one layer or at least two layers of supporting units; and on each layer of the supporting units, a plurality of stacks are sequentially arranged to form the stack group, and each stack is horizontal, and fasteners are provided between the stacks to enable the stack groups and the supporting units to form a pressurized fastening structure. The stack array of the present disclosure simplifies the arrangement of pipelines in the related art, enables effective pressurized fastening on the stacks, so as to allow the whole stack array to be compact and steady, while facilitating the detach, repair and maintenance of the stacks, which is favorable for the integration of the system. 112-. (canceled)135256622447426. A stack array in a SOFC power generation system , the stack array comprising a supporting body () and a plurality of stack groups (); wherein , the supporting body () has a layered structure comprising at least one layer of supporting unit (); each layer of the supporting units () supports at least one stack group (); each stack group () consists of a plurality of stacks () , and each stack () is horizontally arranged; and fasteners () are provided between the stacks () to enable the stack groups () and the supporting units () to form a pressurized fastening structure.1437. The stack array in the SOFC power generation system of claim 13 , wherein claim 13 , a reformer () is provided in the fastener ().158347. The stack array in the SOFC power generation system of claim 14 , wherein claim 14 , a gas pipe () between the reformer () and the stack () is provided in the fastener ().1624. The stack array in the SOFC power generation system of claim 13 , wherein claim 13 , in each of the stack groups () claim 13 , the plurality of stacks () are sequentially ...

APPARATUS COMPRISING A FUEL CELL UNIT AND A COMPONENT, AND A STACK COMPONENT FOR USE IN SUCH AN APPARATUS

A fuel cell unit with a plurality of fuel cells defining a longitudinal axis and a main flow direction coaxial to the longitudinal axis. Fuel cell inlets and fuel cell outlets are arranged at opposite ends of the fuel cell unit and in line with the main flow direction. Also, a component comprising first fluid conduits arranged parallel to the main flow direction, the first fluid conduits comprising first fluid inlets and first fluid outlets arranged at opposite ends of the component and in line with the main flow direction. The component is arranged adjacent the fuel cell unit such that at least one of the first fluid inlets and the first fluid outlets of the component are arranged adjacent at least one of the fuel cell outlets and the fuel cell inlets such that a fluid flow may flow substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus in the first fluid conduits of the component and in the fuel cell unit and when passing from the component to the fuel cell unit or vice versa. 1. Apparatus comprisinga fuel cell unit with a plurality of fuel cells arranged in parallel defining a longitudinal axis of the apparatus and defining a main flow direction coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus, wherein fuel cell inlets and fuel cell outlets are arranged at opposite ends of the fuel cell unit and in line with the main flow direction;and further comprising:a component comprising first fluid conduits arranged parallel to the main flow direction, and the first fluid conduits comprising first fluid inlets and first fluid outlets arranged at opposite ends of the component and in line with the main flow direction,and wherein the component is arranged adjacent the fuel cell unit such that at least one of the first fluid inlets and the first fluid outlets of the component are arranged adjacent at least one of the fuel cell outlets and the fuel cell inlets such that a fluid flow entering the apparatus may flow substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of ...

REACTOR INCORPORATING A HEAT EXCHANGER

A reactor containing a heat exchanger is disclosed, which can be operated with co-current or counter-current flow. Also disclosed is a system that includes a reactor having a reformer and a vaporizer, a fuel supply, and a water supply. The reactor includes a source of combustion gas, a reformer operative to receive reformate, and a vaporizer operative to receive water. The reformer and vaporizer each include a stack assembly formed by a combination of separator shims and channel shims. The separator shims and channel shims are stacked in a regular pattern to form two sets of channels within the stack assembly. One set of channels will have vertical passageways at either end and a horizontal flowpath between them, while the other set of channels has only a horizontal flowpath. 1. A heat exchanger , comprising:a first channel having a flowpath, a first wall, a second wall opposite the first wall, an inlet manifold at a first end, and an outlet manifold at a second opposite end, the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold running orthogonal to the flowpath;a second channel having a flowpath parallel to the flowpath of the first channel, the first channel and the second channel being separated by the first wall; anda fin extending from the second channel into the first channel, the fin passing through the first wall and extending to the second wall;wherein the heat exchanger is formed from a channel shim and a separator shim, wherein the channel shim defines the first channel, and wherein the separator shim includes the fin; andwherein the channel shim and the separator shim cooperate to form the first wall.2. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the first channel has a plurality of micro-channels and the second channel has a plurality of micro-channels 0.3. The heat exchanger of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of a first micro-channel width to a first micro-channel height is from 2:1 to 20:1.4. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of a channel shim height to ...

HYDROGEN GENERATION SYSTEM AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A hydrogen generation system includes a reformer that produces a hydrogen-containing gas from a raw material and reforming water, a combustor that burns the hydrogen-containing gas and air, an exhaust-gas path, a cooling-water path, a condenser that produces condensed water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas and the cooling water, a water tank that stores the cooling water, a water pump that feeds the cooling water into the condenser, a reforming-water path along which part of the cooling water is passed into the reformer to serve as reforming water which is branched from the cooling-water path, and a controller. The water tank is disposed at a position higher than the water pump. The water pump is disposed at a position higher than the junction. The controller detects an insufficient supply of the cooling water on the basis of the rotational speed of the water pump. 1. A hydrogen generation system comprising:a reformer that produces a hydrogen-containing gas from a raw material and reforming water, the raw material and the reforming water being fed into the reformer;a combustor that burns the hydrogen-containing gas produced by the reformer and air, the air being fed into the combustor;an exhaust-gas path along which an exhaust gas generated from burning the hydrogen-containing gas and the air in the combustor flows;a cooling-water path along which cooling water is passed in order to cool the exhaust gas;a condenser that condenses moisture contained in the exhaust gas to produce condensed water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas and the cooling water;a water tank that stores the condensed water, the condensed water serving as the cooling water;a water pump disposed downstream of the water tank in a direction in which the cooling water is passed along the cooling-water path, the water pump causing the cooling water stored in the water tank to be fed to the condenser;a reforming-water path branched from the cooling-water path at a junction formed at a ...

METHANE-BASED POWER GENERATION WITH ZERO-CARBON EMISSIONS

The present invention provides a method of converting a hydrocarbon into Hand a carbon material comprising substantially no CO, whereby the His used by a fuel cell to generate electrical energy and the carbon material is collected. The method includes heating a hydrocarbon and a catalyst in a reactor to form Hand a carbon material comprising substantially no CO. A fuel cell is operated to generate electrical energy and heat using the Hformed in the reactor. The step of heating is repeated using the heat generated in the fuel cell. The present invention also provides a system for converting a hydrocarbon into Hand a carbon material comprising substantially no CO, whereby the His used by a fuel cell to generate electrical energy and the carbon material is collected.

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Cement Processing

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells with processes for cement production. The systems and methods can provide process improvements including increased efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions per ton of product produced, and simplified capture of the carbon emissions as an integrated part of the system. The number of separate processes and the complexity of the overall production system can be reduced while providing flexibility in fuel feed stock and the various chemical, heat, and electrical outputs needed to power the processes.

REGENERATIVE SOLID OXIDE STACK

An individual solid oxide cell (SOC) constructed of a sandwich configuration including in the following order: an oxygen electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, a fuel electrode, a fuel manifold, and at least one layer of mesh. In one embodiment, the mesh supports a reforming catalyst resulting in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) having a reformer embedded therein. The reformer-modified SOFC functions internally to steam reform or partially oxidize a gaseous hydrocarbon, e.g. methane, to a gaseous reformate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is converted in the SOC to water, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, and an electrical current. In another embodiment, an electrical insulator is disposed between the fuel manifold and the mesh resulting in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), which functions to electrolyze water and/or carbon dioxide. 1. A solid oxide cell comprising components disposed in a sandwich configuration in the following order:(i) an oxygen electrode,(ii) a solid oxide electrolyte,(iii) a fuel electrode,(iv) a fuel manifold, and(v) at least one layer of mesh disposed on a side of the fuel manifold opposite a side facing the fuel electrode.2. The solid oxide cell of wherein the at least one layer of mesh each individually has an ultra-short-channel-length ranging from greater than 25 microns to less than 500 microns.3. The solid oxide cell of wherein the at least one layer of mesh comprises a structured material having from 5 to 80 pores per inch and a density ranging from 2 to 15 percent claim 1 , relative to a density of a parent material from which the structured material is manufactured.424.-. (canceled) This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/411,792, filed Oct. 24, 2016, which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.This invention was made with U.S. government support under Contract No. NNX15CC43P, awarded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The U.S. Government has ...

Fuel cell combustor and fuel cell module

A raw fuel inlet pipe, an air inlet pipe, and a combustion gas exhaust pipe are provided for a casing of a start-up combustor. A raw fuel supply chamber connected to the raw fuel inlet pipe and an air supply chamber connected to the air inlet pipe form double layer structure. A chamber having a partition wall is provided for the raw fuel supply chamber, and a slit connected to the air supply chamber is formed in the partition wall. A plurality of raw fuel through holes are formed on a side surface of the partition wall with which the slit is formed.

Solid oxide fuel cell system and method for controlling same

A solid oxide fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell stack having a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode; and a combustion unit provided to start the system; a control unit configured to perform control in such a way as to fill a combustion gas discharged from the combustion unit into the fuel electrode of the fuel cell stack at a time of stopping the system, the combustion gas containing an inert gas as a component.

Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO 2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO 2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

Integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. The molten carbonate fuel cells can be integrated with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process in various manners, including providing synthesis gas for use in producing hydrocarbonaceous carbons. Additionally, integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process can facilitate further processing of vent streams or secondary product streams generated during the synthesis process.

Reactor incorporating a heat exchanger

A reactor containing a heat exchanger is disclosed, which can be operated with co-current or counter-current flow. Also disclosed is a system that includes a reactor having a reformer and a vaporizer, a fuel supply, and a water supply. The reactor includes a source of combustion gas, a reformer operative to receive reformate, and a vaporizer operative to receive water. The reformer and vaporizer each include a stack assembly formed by a combination of separator shims and channel shims. The separator shims and channel shims are stacked in a regular pattern to form two sets of channels within the stack assembly. One set of channels will have vertical passageways at either end and a horizontal flowpath between them, while the other set of channels has only a horizontal flowpath.

INTEGRATED METHODS FOR CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS

Among other things, the present invention encompasses the applicant's recognition that epoxide carbonylation can be performed industrially utilizing syngas streams containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and varying amounts carbon dioxide. Contrary to expectation, the epoxide carbonylation reaction proceeds selectively in the presence of these mixed gas streams and incorporates excess CO in the syngas stream into valuable chemical precursors, resulting in hydrogen streams substantially free of CO. This is economically and environmentally preferable to performing WSGR which releases the excess carbon as CO2. The integrated processes herein therefore provide improved carbon efficiency for processes based on coal or biomass gasification or steam methane reforming. 1. A method for the integrated production of chemicals comprising the steps of:a) in a first reaction zone, contacting an epoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst with a syngas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide thereby causing carbon monoxide in the industrial gas stream to react with the epoxide to provide an epoxide carbonylation product,b) removing an upgraded gas stream from the first reaction zone wherein the upgraded gas stream has a higher hydrogen to carbon monoxide than the starting syngas stream, andc) in a second reaction zone, utilizing the upgraded gas stream to conduct a second chemical process requiring a hydrogen to CO ratio higher than the ratio in the industrial gas stream utilized in step (a).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the syngas stream has a molar hydrogen to CO ratio between 0.5:1 and 1.2:1 claim 1 , and the upgraded gas stream has a hydrogen to CO ratio of at least 1.9:1.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chemical process comprises Fischer Tropsch synthesis.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chemical process comprises reaction on a fuel cell.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chemical process comprises hydrogenation.6. The ...

REACTOR INCORPORATING A HEAT EXCHANGER

A reactor containing a heat exchanger is disclosed, which can be operated with co-current or counter-current flow. Also disclosed is a system that includes a reactor having a reformer and a vaporizer, a fuel supply, and a water supply. The reactor includes a source of combustion gas, a reformer operative to receive reformate, and a vaporizer operative to receive water. The reformer and vaporizer each include a stack assembly formed by a combination of separator shims and channel shims. The separator shims and channel shims are stacked in a regular pattern to form two sets of channels within the stack assembly. One set of channels will have vertical passageways at either end and a horizontal flowpath between them, while the other set of channels has only a horizontal flowpath. 1. A heat exchanger , comprising:a first channel having a flowpath, a first wall, a second wall opposite the first wall, an inlet manifold at a first end, and an outlet manifold at a second opposite end, the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold running orthogonal to the flowpath, and a mixing manifold within the first channel running orthogonal to the flowpath, wherein the first channel comprises a plurality of first micro-channels and the mixing manifold permits vertical mixing between first micro-channels; anda second channel having a flowpath parallel to the flowpath of the first channel, the first channel and the second channel being separated by the first wall.2. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , further comprising a fin extending from the second channel into the first channel claim 1 , the fin passing through the first wall and extending to the second wall;3. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of a first micro-channel width to a first micro-channel height is from 2:1 to 20:1.4. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the second channel comprises a plurality of second micro-channels.5. The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is formed from a channel shim ...

SOLID OXIDE CELL WITH INTERNAL HEATER

An individual solid oxide cell (SOC) constructed of a sandwich configuration including in the following order: an in oxygen electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, a fuel electrode, a fuel manifold, and at least one layer of mesh. In one embodiment, the mesh supports a reforming catalyst resulting in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) having a reformer embedded therein. The reformer-modified SOFC functions internally to steam reform or partially oxidize a gaseous hydrocarbon, e.g. methane, to a gaseous reformate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is converted in the SOC to water, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, and an electrical current. In another embodiment, an electrical insulator is disposed between the fuel manifold and the mesh resulting in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), which functions to electrolyze water and/or carbon dioxide. 1. A solid oxide electrolysis cell having a heater integrated therein , comprising components disposed in a sandwich configuration in the following order:(i) an oxygen electrode,(ii) a solid oxide electrolyte,(iii) a fuel electrode,(iv) a fuel manifold,(v) an insulator, and(vi) a heater comprising at least one layer of mesh absent a reforming catalyst, the at least one layer of mesh disposed adjacent the insulator, on a side of the insulator opposite a side facing the fuel manifold.2. The solid oxide electrolysis cell of wherein the at least one layer of mesh each individually has an ultra-short-channel-length ranging from greater than 25 microns to less than 500 microns and a cell density ranging from 100 to 1 claim 1 ,000 cells per square centimeter.3. The solid oxide electrolysis cell of wherein from 1 to 10 layers of mesh are employed claim 1 , optionally claim 1 , provided in a planar configuration.4. The solid oxide electrolysis cell of wherein the mesh is constructed from a metal mesh.5. The solid oxide electrolysis cell of wherein the insulator is configured in the shape of a frame or gasket.6. The solid oxide ...

CHEMICAL REACTOR FOR CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE GAS PHASE OXIDATION REACTIONS

A chemical reactor includes one or more solid oxide fuel cells, each cell having an electrolyte layer joining a cathode and an anode, the one or more fuel cell cathodes being located in a first gas zone of the reactor, and the one or more fuel cell anodes being located in a second gas zone of the reactor. The chemical reactor further includes a first gas supply route for supplying a flow of oxidant to the first gas zone. The chemical reactor further includes a second gas supply route for supplying a flow of reactant to the second gas zone. The chemical reactor further includes a gas removal route for removing a flow of reaction products away from the second gas zone. The chemical reactor further includes one or more leakage paths which fluidly connect the first gas zone to the second gas zone such that a leakage flow of oxidant leaks from the first gas zone into the second gas zone to support a direct exothermic chemical reaction between the oxidant and the reactant, while substantially preventing a reverse flow of reactant into the first gas zone. The reaction products are a mixture of reaction product from the direct reaction and reaction product from an indirect electrochemical oxidation reaction of the reactant at the anode or anodes. The reactor further includes a catalyst in the second gas zone for catalysing the direct reaction, and a controller for drawing a controlled electric current from the fuel cell or cells to control the rate of the indirect reaction and thereby the temperature of the catalyst. 1. A chemical reactor comprising:one or more solid oxide fuel cells, each cell having an electrolyte layer joining a cathode and an anode, the one or more fuel cell cathodes being located in a first gas zone of the reactor, and the one or more fuel cell anodes being located in a second gas zone of the reactor;a first gas supply route for supplying a flow of oxidant to the first gas zone;a second gas supply route for supplying a flow of reactant to the second ...

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND METHODS WITH GREEN FUEL TANKS

An aircraft system includes a main fuel tank configured to house primary fuel and a green fuel tank configured to house green fuel. The mixing apparatus is configured to mix the primary fuel and the green fuel to result in a predetermined ratio of mixed fuel. A controller selectively commands a first amount of primary fuel and a second amount of green fuel to result in the predetermined ratio of mixed fuel. The main aircraft engine is configured to operate, in a first main engine mode, with the primary fuel from the main fuel tank and to operate, in a second main engine mode, with the mixed fuel from the mixing apparatus based on commands from the controller. The auxiliary power source is configured to operate with at least a portion of the green fuel from the green fuel tank based on commands from the controller. 1. An aircraft system , comprising:a main fuel tank configured to house primary fuel;a green fuel tank configured to house green fuel;a mixing apparatus coupled to the main fuel tank and the green fuel tank, the mixing apparatus configured to mix the primary fuel and the green fuel to result in a predetermined ratio of mixed fuel; anda controller configured to selectively command a first amount of primary fuel from the main fuel tank and a second amount of green fuel from the green fuel tank to result in the predetermined ratio of mixed fuel;a main aircraft engine coupled to the controller, the main fuel tank, and the mixing apparatus, wherein the main aircraft engine is configured to operate, in a first main engine mode, with the primary fuel from the main fuel tank and to operate, in a second main engine mode, with the mixed fuel from the mixing apparatus based on commands from the controller; andan auxiliary power source coupled to the controller and the green fuel tank, wherein the auxiliary power source is configured to operate with at least a portion of the green fuel from the green fuel tank based on commands from the controller.2. The aircraft ...

POROUS MOLDING FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL MODULE

A porous molding for an electrochemical module. The electro-chemical module has at least one electrochemical cell unit having a layer construction with at least one electrochemically active layer, and a metallic, gastight housing which forms a gastight process gas space with the electrochemical cell unit. The housing extends on at least one side beyond the region of the electrochemical cell unit, and forms a process gas conduction space open to the electrochemical cell unit, and in the region of the process gas conduction space has at least one gas passage opening for the supply and/or removal of the process gases. The porous molding is formed as a separate component of the electrochemical cell unit and is configured for arrangement within the process gas conduction space and also for support of the housing on both sides along a stack direction of the electrochemical module. 115-. (canceled)16. A molding for an electrochemical module , at least one electrochemical cell unit with a layer construction that includes at least one electrochemically active layer, and', 'a metallic, gastight housing forming a gastight process gas space with the electrochemical cell unit,', 'the housing, on at least one side thereof, extending beyond the electrochemical cell unit and forming a process gas conduction space that is open to the electrochemical cell unit, and having at least one gas passage opening in a region of the process gas conduction space for supplying and/or removing the process gases;, 'the electrochemical module havingthe molding being porous, or at least sectionally porous, and being a separate component of the electrochemical cell unit configured for arrangement within the process gas conduction space and also for support of the housing on both sides along a stack direction of the electrochemical module.17. The molding according to claim 16 , wherein the molding is formed with at least one gas passage opening.18. The molding according to claim 17 , wherein the ...

Fuel cell module

A fuel cell unit of a fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack, a reformer, an evaporator, an exhaust gas combustor, a start-up combustor, and an air preheater. The fuel cell module further includes an air supply channel, a first fuel supply channel, a second fuel supply channel, a switching valve, and an exhaust gas channel. In the exhaust gas channel, the start-up combustor and the air preheater are arranged in the order recited toward the downstream side in a flow direction of a combustion exhaust gas.

Fuel Generator And Secondary Battery-Type Fuel Cell System Equipped With Same

This fuel generator is equipped with fine particles of a fuel-generating agent ( 1 ) that generates fuel by an oxidation reaction with an oxidizing gas and can be regenerated by a reduction reaction with a reducing gas, and a porous member ( 3 ). The fine particles of the fuel-generating agent ( 1 ) are dispersed and disposed in the interior of the porous member( 3 ).

Reformer with perovskite as structural component thereof

A reformer includes at least one reformer reactor unit ( 300 ) having a space-confining wall with external ( 307 ) and internal surfaces ( 306 ), at least a section of the wall and space confined thereby defining a reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), an inlet end ( 301 ) and associated inlet ( 302 ) for admission of flow of gaseous reforming reactant to the reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), an outlet end ( 303 ) and associated outlet ( 304 ) for outflow of hydrogen-rich reformate produced in the reforming reaction zone ( 311 ), at least that section of the wall ( 305 ) corresponding to the reforming reaction zone comprising perovskite as a structural component thereof such wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous reforming reactant to diffuse therein and hydrogen-rich reformate to diffuse therefrom.

Fuel cell system

A power generation system which is a fuel cell system including a preheating device that preheats a fuel, a preliminary reforming device that reforms the preheated fuel, a fuel cell stack module in which the reformed fuel reacts to generate electric power, and a circulating device that selectively supplies a product generated in the fuel cell stack module to the preheating device.

Hydrogen generation using a fuel cell system with an rep

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having an anode and a cathode configured to output cathode exhaust. The fuel cell is configured to generate waste heat. The fuel cell system further includes a reformer configured to partially reform a feed gas using the waste heat and output a hydrogen-containing stream. The fuel cell system further includes a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier (“REP”) having an REP anode configured to receive a first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream and an REP cathode.

Energy storage in closed loop systems using microbial conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon fuel

The invention integrates electromethanogenesis, which uses electric energy to produce fuel, with a method to capture and recycle the carbon dioxide generated when the fuel is used to release energy.

REFORMER INCLUDING CATALYST IN AN INLET PLENUM

An illustrative example reformer includes a housing having an inlet plenum, a reforming section, and an outlet. The inlet plenum includes a catalyst situated where a source fluid passing through the inlet plenum will be exposed to the catalyst prior to entering the reforming section. 1. A reformer , comprising:a housing including an inlet and an outlet;a reforming section in the housing;an inlet plenum in the housing between the inlet and the reforming section; anda catalyst situated in the inlet plenum where a source fluid passing through the inlet plenum will be exposed to the catalyst prior to entering the reforming section.2. The reformer of claim 1 , wherein the inlet plenum includes a mesh container and the catalyst is in the mesh container.3. The reformer of claim 2 , wherein the mesh container comprises a tube of mesh material.4. The reformer of claim 3 , wherein the tube comprises a cylinder having coaxial inner and outer mesh walls and the catalyst is situated between the inner and outer mesh walls.5. The reformer of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a pre-reformer catalyst.6. The reformer of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises nickel.7. A method of reforming a source fluid claim 1 , the method comprising:directing the source fluid through an inlet plenum of a reformer;exposing at least some of the source fluid to a catalyst in the inlet plenum; andreforming the exposed source fluid after it exits the inlet plenum.8. The method of wherein claim 7 , the catalyst comprises a pre-reformer catalyst.9. The method of wherein claim 7 , the catalyst comprises nickel.10. The method of wherein claim 7 , the catalyst in the inlet plenum is situated in a mesh container and exposing the source fluid to the catalyst comprises directing the source fluid into contact with the mesh container.11. The method of wherein claim 10 , exposing the source fluid to the catalyst comprises directing the source fluid at least partially through the mesh container.12. The ...

PRODUCTION OF PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS AND PRODUCTS USING A FUEL CELL

A method of producing petrochemicals using a hydrocarbon fuel cell includes the steps of operating the fuel cell to produce electricity, thermal energy, and one or more exhaust stream, the one or more exhaust stream comprising at least a carbon-containing gas and water, reacting at least a portion of the exhaust stream with the reactant stream of natural gas to produce one or more petrochemical streams in a reactor, and heating one or more reactants using at least a portion of at least one of the electricity and the thermal energy. 1. A method of producing petrochemicals using a hydrocarbon fuel cell , comprising the steps of:operating the fuel cell to produce electricity, thermal energy, and one or more exhaust stream, the one or more exhaust stream comprising at least a carbon-containing gas and water;reacting at least a portion of the exhaust stream with a reactant stream of natural gas in a reactor to produce one or more petrochemical streams; andheating one or more of the at least a portion of the exhaust stream and the reactant stream of natural gas using some or all of the electricity, some or all of the thermal energy, or combination thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing gas and the water are produced from an anode of the hydrocarbon fuel cell.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more exhaust streams further comprises a nitrogen-containing gas produced from a cathode of the hydrocarbon fuel cell.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the thermal energy is carried by the one or more exhaust streams.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the thermal energy is used to preheat the reactant stream of natural gas.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more petrochemical streams comprises one or more petrochemicals selected from a group consisting of: synthesis gas claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , urea claim 1 , polymers claim 1 , prepolymers claim 1 , hydrocarbon fuels claim 1 , acetic acid ...

水素生成装置、燃料電池システム、及び水素生成装置の制御方法

【課題】改質水を安定に供給し、安定な水素の生成と改質器の劣化の防止を可能とする。 【解決手段】原料及び水蒸気を用いて改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器１と、改質器１に供給される水蒸気を生成する水蒸発器１ａと、水蒸発器１ａに供給される改質水が流れる第１の水経路５と、改質水を水蒸発器１ａに供給するためのポンプ６と、ポンプ６の下流の第１の水経路より分岐した第２の水経路７と、第２の水経路７を流れる水の流出先である第１の水タンク２と、第２の水経路７上に設けられた第１の流量制御器８と、ポンプ６を動作させるとともに、第２の水経路７に水が流れるように第１の流量制御器８を制御する制御器９とを備えた。 【選択図】図１（ａ）

A solid oxide fuel cell stack

A solid oxide fuel cell stack (10) comprises a plurality of modules (12). Each module (12) comprises an elongate hollow member (14). Each hollow member (14) has at least one passage (32) extending longitudinally through the hollow member (14) for the flow of reactant. Each hollow member (14) has two parallel flat surfaces (16, 18). At least one of the modules (12A, 12B, 12C) includes a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells (20). The solid oxide fuel cells (20) are arranged on the flat surfaces (16, 18) of the modules (12A, 12B, 12C). At least one end (34) of each module (12) is connected to an end (36) of an adjacent module (12) to allow reactant to flow sequentially through the modules (12). The arrangement of the modules (12) provides compliance in the solid oxide fuel cell stack (10) and thermal and mechanical stresses in the solid oxide fuel cell stack (10) are reduced.

A solid oxide fuel cell stack

燃料电池发电系统

本发明燃料电池发电系统,是使用内装有燃料丁烷气体的轻便式丁烷贮气瓶,将部分丁烷气体作为燃料用,而用改性装置使其余丁烷气体与水反应,生成含氢的改性气体,利用由上述改性气体中的氢气与空气中的氧气形成的燃料电池进行发电,其特征是在于,具备对上述丁烷气体贮气瓶来的丁烷气体的气化量进行调节的手段,以及设置于从上述丁烷气体贮气瓶到上述改性装置的丁烷气体提供路径上的丁烷气体流量调节手段,而且本系统是轻便式的。

Combustion heater and fuel processor utilizing ceramic technology

A multilayered ceramic chemical combustion heater for use in an integrated fuel reformer including a three-dimensional multilayer fired ceramic carrier structure defining at least one ceramic cavity therein and a method of forming the chemical combustion heater. A catalyst is formed in combination with the at least one cavity, being introduced into the cavity subsequent to the firing of the ceramic structure, thereby defining a closed heating zone. The catalyst provides for complete air oxidation of an input fuel. The chemical combustion heater generates heat in proportion to the feed rate of the input fuel and air. The ceramic cavity further includes a fuel inlet, an air inlet, or a combination pre-mixed fuel/air inlet, and an outlet. Feedback control of the feed rate of the input fuel and air allows for the maintenance of the chemical combustion heater at a specific temperature. The fuel processor includes a monolithic three-dimensional multilayer ceramic carrier structure defining a fuel reformer having heat provided by the integrated chemical combustion heater.

Apparatus for reforming fuel and manufacturing method of the same

본 발명의 예시적인 실시예에 따른 연료 개질장치는, 연료를 포함하는 소정 반응물의 흐름을 가능케 하는 채널을 일면에 형성하고 있는 복수의 반응 기판과, 상기 반응 기판의 일면에 밀착되게 적층 형성되어 상기 채널에 의한 통로를 형성하는 밀착부를 포함하며, 상기 반응기판은 상기 채널의 표면에 산화막으로서 형성되는 담지층과, 상기 담지층 상에 형성되는 촉매층을 가지면서 스테인레스 강으로서 이루어진다. A fuel reformer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of reaction substrates formed on one surface of a channel enabling a flow of a predetermined reactant including a fuel, and stacked to be in close contact with one surface of the reaction substrate. An adhesion part forming a passage by a channel, wherein the reactor plate is made of stainless steel having a support layer formed as an oxide film on the surface of the channel and a catalyst layer formed on the support layer. 연료, 개질장치, 개질기, 열원부, 개질반응부, 반응기판, 기판, 스테인레스강, 산화막, 산화물, 담지층, 촉매층 Fuel, reformer, reformer, heat source part, reforming reaction part, reactor plate, substrate, stainless steel, oxide film, oxide, support layer, catalyst layer

Fuel cell module with multiple fuel cell stacks

A fuel cell module (10) with multiple fuel cell stacks having interconnectors with fuel and air flow channels therein arranged in multi-stack columns (14, 16) wherein adjacent stacks are joined by manifold frames (24), and pairs of columns are spaced-apart across a central air plenum (28) in fluid communication with the air flow channels, and fuel flows serially through the stacks along the length of the column. In one embodiment, a series of such modules are configured into a multi-module system.

具有用于整体式重整燃料电池的修正燃料电池循环的整合燃料电池块

提供了一种具有阴极、阳极和辅助回路的燃料电池系统。阳极回路可以配置成将重整和未重整的燃料输送到燃料电池。可以通过使一部分燃料绕过重整器将未重整的燃料提供给燃料电池。未重整的燃料可以在燃料电池块中重整。阴极回路可以将从所述燃料电池排出的一部分氧化剂通过阴极喷射器引导回燃料电池。可以向喷射器供应加压氧化剂，其可以在进入阴极喷射器之前被加热。辅助回路可以燃烧未使用的燃料和氧化剂，以在氧化剂进入阴极回路之前提供传递给氧化剂的热量。

燃料电池的内部蒸汽生成

一种燃料电池系统包括燃料电池堆，该燃料电池堆具有阳极板和阴极板，阳极板和阴极板布置在质子交换膜的相对侧。冷却通道与阳极板和阴极板中的至少一个热接触并且包括内部冷却剂通路。压降设备被提供在冷却剂通道内并被构造成在冷却剂通路内提供次大气压力。在一个示例中，冷却剂通道内的冷却剂处于低于周围环境压力。压缩设备通过冷却剂系统回路流体地互连到内部冷却剂通路并在该内部冷却剂通路的下游，并且被构造成传递次大气压力冷却剂蒸汽。压缩设备被构造成增加次大气冷却剂蒸汽的压力和温度到超大气压力并维持该冷却剂蒸汽在压力-焓曲线的蒸汽区域内。

Fuel cell power generating system

Fuel cell generation system

본 발명의 연료전지 발전 시스템에 따르면, 패키지(2)의 내부는 칸막이 벽(1)에 의해 가스 통로 격실(compartment; 3) 및 비가스(non-gas) 격실(4)로 분할되고, 가연성 가스가 흐르는 구성요소가 가스 통로 격실(3) 내에 위치되며, 가스 통로 격실(3)를 구성하는 패키지(2)의 프레임 부재의 일부에 가스 통로 격실 입구(12a 및 12b), 가스 통로 격실 출구(13) 및 환기팬(14)이 제공되고, 가연성 가스가 흐르지 않는 구성요소가 비가스 격실(4) 내에 위치되며, 비가스 격실(4)의 패키지(2)의 프레임 부재의 일부에 비가스 격실 입구(20)가 제공되어, 송풍기 입구(21)가 비가스 격실(4)의 내부로 개방되게 하고, 공기 출구(22)가 패키지(2)의 내부로 개방되게 한다. According to the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention, the interior of the package 2 is divided into a gas passage compartment 3 and a non-gas compartment 4 by a partition wall 1, and combustible gas Flow components are located in the gas passage compartment 3, the gas passage compartment inlets 12a and 12b, the gas passage compartment outlet 13, in a portion of the frame member of the package 2 constituting the gas passage compartment 3. And a ventilation fan 14, in which no flammable gas flows, is located in the non-gas compartment 4, and the non-gas compartment inlet is part of the frame member of the package 2 of the non-gas compartment 4). 20 is provided to allow the blower inlet 21 to open into the non-gas compartment 4 and the air outlet 22 to open into the package 2. 칸막이 벽, 패키지, 가스 통로 격실, 비가스 격실, 환기팬 Partition Wall, Package, Gas Aisle Compartment, Non-Gas Compartment, Ventilation Fan

Integrated process system of biogas pre-treatment for high temperature fuel cell

본 발명은 바이오가스에 포함되어 있는 불순물과 이산화탄소 제거 및 분리하여 고온형 연료전지 발전을 위한 고순도 메탄 공급을 위한 바이오가스 전처리 및 이산화탄소 자원화 융합 공정 모듈 시스템에 관한 것으로, 본 발명에 의한 고온형 연료전지 발전용 바이오가스 전처리 융합 자원화 공정 모듈 시스템은 다양한 바이오가스 조성 및 유량변화에 유연하게 대처할 수 있는 최적화된 바이오가스 전처리 공정에 의해 순차적으로 불순물들이 모두 제거 분리되어 최종적으로 고농도의 메탄을 얻을 수 있는 이점이 있다. The present invention relates to a module system for biogas pretreatment and carbon dioxide reclamation and fusion process for supplying high purity methane for high temperature type fuel cell power generation by removing and separating impurities and carbon dioxide contained in biogas, The biogas pretreatment convergence recycling process module system for power generation is an optimized biogas pretreatment process that can flexibly cope with various biogas composition and flow rate changes, thereby eliminating all the impurities sequentially and finally obtaining advantages of high concentration of methane .

燃料重整设备及其制造方法

本发明公开一种包括反应基板的燃料重整设备。本发明的反应基板由不锈钢、镍钢或铬钢制成。每个反应基板都具有形成在反应基板表面上的槽道。用于氧化反应或燃料重整反应的反应物流经所述槽道。通过直接对所述槽道的表面进行氧化来在槽道的表面上形成催化剂包含层。因此，催化剂包含层形成有氧化的钢。催化剂层形成在催化剂包含层上。对一对基板进行层叠，以使一个基板为热源单元而另一个基板为重整反应单元。

고온형 연료전지 발전용 바이오가스 전처리 융합 자원화 공정 시스템

본 발명은 바이오가스에 포함되어 있는 불순물과 이산화탄소 제거 및 분리하여 고온형 연료전지 발전을 위한 고순도 메탄 공급을 위한 바이오가스 전처리 및 이산화탄소 자원화 융합 공정 모듈 시스템에 관한 것으로, 본 발명에 의한 고온형 연료전지 발전용 바이오가스 전처리 융합 자원화 공정 모듈 시스템은 다양한 바이오가스 조성 및 유량변화에 유연하게 대처할 수 있는 최적화된 바이오가스 전처리 공정에 의해 순차적으로 불순물들이 모두 제거 분리되어 최종적으로 고농도의 메탄을 얻을 수 있는 이점이 있다.

一种燃料电池系统

本发明涉及一种燃料电池系统，包括燃料输送机构、燃料重整机构、阳极循环系统、阴极循环系统、供氧系统、燃料电池堆和电力调节系统，以燃料重整机构聚光催化燃料重整制氢，以供氧系统净化富氧供氧；以阳极循环系统驱动阳极电解质与氢气，阴极电解质与氧气雾化后在燃料电池堆中气流床电极上发生电化学反应，实现化学能向电能的高效转换；具有能力转换效率高，燃料适用面广，噪音低，无环境污染；且燃料电池系统成本低，燃料使用成本低，可靠性及维修性好等特点；特别适用于汽车、飞机、舰船和分布式电站等领域。

燃料電池

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Stack and molten carbonate fuel cell having the same

본 발명은 연료전지 스택 및 이를 구비한 연료전지에 대한 것으로서, 본 발명에 따른 용융탄산염 연료전지는, 스택; 상기 스택에 연료를 공급하는 연료공급부; 및 상기 스택에 공기를 공급하는 공기공급부;를 포함하며, 상기 스택은, 단위전지들과 적어도 하나의 내부개질기;를 포함하며, 상기 단위전지들과 적어도 하나의 내부개질기가 서로 적층되면, 매니폴더들이 형성된다. The present invention relates to a fuel cell stack and a fuel cell having the same, the molten carbonate fuel cell according to the present invention comprises: a stack; A fuel supply unit supplying fuel to the stack; And an air supply unit supplying air to the stack, wherein the stack includes unit cells and at least one internal reformer. When the unit cells and the at least one internal reformer are stacked with each other, a manifold is provided. Are formed. 본 발명에 의하면 외부 매니폴더를 별도로 구비할 필요가 없으므로, 단위전지들과 외부 매니폴더 사이에 틈이 생겨서 연료나 공기가 새는 것을 원천적으로 차단할 수 있다. 이로 인해, 용융탄산염 연료전지가 원활하게 전기를 생산할 수 있다. According to the present invention, since the external manifold does not need to be separately provided, a gap is generated between the unit cells and the external manifold so that fuel or air leakage can be blocked at source. As a result, the molten carbonate fuel cell can smoothly produce electricity. 연료전지, 용융탄산염, 매니폴더, 일체, 개질기 Fuel Cell, Molten Carbonate, Manifold, All, Reformer

Fuel cell system

An electric generating system according to the present invention, which is a fuel cell system, includes a pre-heating apparatus that pre-heats a fuel; a preliminary reforming apparatus that reforms the pre-heated fuel; a fuel cell stack module where the reformed fuel reacts to produce electricity; and a circulation apparatus that selectively supplies a product which is generated in the fuel cell stack module to the pre-heating apparatus.

Internal reform catalyst material for fuel cell and its manufacture

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Hydrogen forming apparatus, fuel cell system and method of controlling hydrogen forming apparatus

本发明能够稳定地供给改性水，能够进行稳定的氢的生成和改性器的变差的防止。具备：使用原料及水蒸气，利用改性反应，生成含氢气体的改性器(1)；生成供给于改性器(1)的水蒸气的水蒸发器(1a)；供给于水蒸发器(1a)的改性水流过的第一水路径(5)；用于将改性水向水蒸发器(1a)供给的泵(6)；从泵(6)的下游的第一水路径分路的第二水路径(7)；作为流过第二水路径(7)的水的流出目的地的第一水罐(2)；在第二水路径(7)上设置的第一流量控制器(8)；运行泵(6)，并且使水流向第二水路径(7)地控制第一流量控制器(8)的控制器(9)。

Hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, preparation method thereof and fuel cell employing the catalyst

탄화수소 개질촉매, 그의 제조방법 및 상기 탄화수소 개질촉매를 포함하는 연료전지가 제시된다. 상기 탄화수소 개질촉매는 산화물 담체에 담지된 니켈 활성촉매층 및 금속 산화물을 포함한다. A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, a preparation method thereof, and a fuel cell including the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst are provided. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst includes a nickel active catalyst layer and a metal oxide supported on an oxide carrier. 탄화수소 개질촉매 Hydrocarbon Reforming Catalyst

Reformer, cell stack device, fuel cell module, and fuel cell device

本发明提供一种能够高效地进行改性反应的改性器、以及具备改性器的燃料电池堆装置、燃料电池模块和燃料电池装置。改性器(1)包括：在筒状的容器(2)的中央部具有设置了供给原燃料的供给口(7)的气化部(3)；以及在容器(2)两侧部具备将从气化部(3)流入的原燃料改性为燃料气体的改性催化剂(4)、并且设置了送出燃料气体的燃料气体送出口(9)的改性部(5)。

Thermally enhanced compact reformer

천연 가스 개질기(10)는 촉매판(14)으로 산재된 열 도전 판(12) 더미로 이루어지며 반응물용 내부 또는 외부 분기관이 제공된다. 촉매판은 온도가 열 도전 판의 온도를 탐지하도록 상기 도전 판과 열 접촉하며, 판 평면의 등온 상태를 달성하기 위해 구성될 수 있다. 하나 이상의 촉매가 사용될 수 있으며, 다양한 작업 실시예에서 열 도전판에 평면으로 흐름 방향을 따라 분포되어 있다. 개질기는 스팀 개질기 또는 부분 산화 개질기로 사용될 수 있다. 스팀 개질기로 작동될 때, (흡열) 스팀 개질 반응용 열 에너지는 복사 또는 전도에 의해 열 도전판에 외부로 제공된다. 이는 이산화 탄소, 수소, 스팀 및 이산화 탄소를 제조한다. 부분 산화 개질기로 작동할 때, 천연 가스의 분율은 연소 촉매 및 개질 촉매의 존재하에 협력하여 산화된다. 이는 이산화 탄소, 수소, 스팀, 및 이산화 탄소를 제조한다. 촉매 판과 도전성 판 사이의 열 접촉으로 인해, 적층 조립체 내에 더 이상의 온도 산승은 없다. 판 구성에 대한 상세 부분은 반응물을 도입시키고 예열하여 배출시키도록 하나 이상의 입구 및 출구 포오트를 제공하는 다양한 분기관을 수용하기 위해 변화될 수 있다.

Combined constituent module for internal reformation type fuel cell

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Fuel cell system

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Biomass-fuel cell cogeneration apparatus and method

Integrated ethanol manufacturing by fermentation of biomass, with an electrical fuel cell generator of electrical and heat energy, the cogeneration including use by the fuel cell of the alcohol, and of the carbon dioxide from the fermentation, which increases the generation of energy, and use by the alcohol manufacturing of the heat and electrical energy from the fuel cell, which increases the fuel manufacture.

Fuel reformer and manufacturing method thereof

High temperature fuel cell stack and fuel cell having the same

Provided are a high temperature fuel cell stack to reduce the initial start-up operation time of a fuel cell main body and to control the initial start-up operation temperature easily, a fuel cell containing the fuel cell stack, and a method for operating the fuel cell. A high temperature fuel cell stack comprises a fuel cell main body(10) which is provided with an electrolyte membrane and an anode and a cathode adhered to the both sides of the electrolyte membrane and generates an electric energy by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel supplied to the anode and the oxidizing agent supplied to the cathode; and a heater(20) which is provided with a chamber adhered to the fuel cell main body, and an oxidation catalyst installed in the chamber, and oxidizes the fuel supplied into the chamber to generate heat for heating the main body with the heat when the main body is operated.

Fuel cell system with heat exchager using reformed gas or anode off gas

본 발명은 연료전지 시스템 내의 열교환형 개질기에서 배출되는 고온의 연료극 가스 또는 연료전지 스택에서 배출되는 고온의 연료극 배가스를 이용하여 버너로 공급되는 연료 또는 공기를 예열함으로써 버너의 작동 효율을 향상시켜주는 연료전지 시스템을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 연료극 가스 또는 연료극 배가스를 이용한 열교환기를 포함하는 연료전지 시스템은, 단열 재료로 된 핫 박스; 상기 핫 박스 내에 배치되며, 공기극, 전해질 및 연료극을 포함하고, 상기 공기극으로 공급된 산소와 상기 연료극으로 공급된 수소가 결합하여 전기를 만드는 화학반응이 일어나며, 상기 공기극으로부터 미반응 산소가 포함된 고온의 공기극 배가스가 배출되고, 상기 연료극으로부터 미반응 수소가 포함된 고온의 연료극 배가스가 배출되는 연료전지 스택; 상기 핫 박스 내에 배치되며, 연료가스를 공급받아 수소가 포함된 고온의 연료극 가스를 생성하고 이 연료극 가스를 상기 연료전지 스택의 연료극으로 배출하는 열교환형 개질기; 상기 핫 박스 내에 배치되며, 연료가스 및 공기를 공급받아 고온의 연소 배가스를 생성하고 이 연소 배가스를 연료전지 시스템 내에 열원으로 공급하는 버너; 및 상기 핫 박스 내에 배치되며, 상기 핫 박스 외부로부터 상기 버너로 공기를 공급하는 버너용 공기 공급라인 상에 설치되고, 상기 열교환형 개질기로부터 배출된 고온의 연료극 가스를 이용하여 상기 버너용 공기 공급라인을 통해 상기 버너로 공급되는 공기를 예열시키는 열교환기;를 포함한다. The present invention relates to a fuel cell system that preheats fuel or air supplied to a burner by using a high temperature anode gas discharged from a heat exchange reformer in a fuel cell system or a high temperature anode exhaust gas discharged from a fuel cell stack, Battery system. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system including a fuel cell or a fuel cell exhaust gas heat exchanger, comprising: a hot box made of a heat insulating material; A chemical reaction is performed in which the oxygen supplied to the air electrode and the hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode combine with each other to generate electricity, and a high temperature A fuel cell stack in which a high temperature anode exhaust gas containing unreacted hydrogen is discharged from the fuel electrode; A heat exchange type reformer disposed in the hot box for generating a high temperature fuel gas containing hydrogen and supplying the fuel gas to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell stack; A burner disposed in the hot box and supplied with fuel gas and air to generate a high temperature combustion exhaust gas and supply the combustion exhaust gas into the fuel cell system as a heat ...

Electrical current generation system

An electrical generating system consists of a fuel cell, and an oxygen gas delivery. The fuel cell includes and anode channel having an anode gas inlet for receiving a supply of hydrogen gas, a cathode channel having a cathode gas inlet and a cathode gas outlet, and an electrolyte in communication with the anode and cathode channel for facilitating ion exchange between the anode and cathode channel. The oxygen gas delivery system is coupled to the cathode gas inlet and delivers oxygen gas to the cathode channel. The electrical current generating system also includes gas recirculation means couple to the cathode gas outlet for recirculating a portion of cathode exhaust gas exhausted from the cathode gas outlet to the cathode gas inlet.

Plate reformer

Reformer for a fuel cell system

본 발명의 연료전지 시스템용 개질기는 원료가 통과하는 공간을 갖는 하우징과, 상기 하우징 내부에 설치되어 상기 하우징으로 유입되는 원료와 반응하여 수소를 생산하는 촉매유닛과, 상기 하우징의 일측에 배치되어 연소기에서 발생되는 열이 하우징으로 집중되도록 열을 가둬두는 열 차단부재로 구성되어, 연소기에서 발생되는 열이 빠져나가는 것을 방지하여 개질 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VAPORIZING FUEL FOR INSTALLING A FUEL ELEMENT WITH A REFORMER

ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) 2004 136 292 (13) A B 01 B 1/00 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÇÀßÂÊÀ ÍÀ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈÅ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2004136292/15, 13.05.2003 (71) Çà âèòåëü(è): ÌÎÄÀÉÍ ÌÝÍÜÞÔÝÊ×ÅÐÈÍà ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈ (US) (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 14.05.2002 US 10/145,531 (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 10.06.2005 Áþë. ¹ 16 (86) Çà âêà PCT: US 03/15082 (13.05.2003) (74) Ïàòåíòíûé ïîâåðåííûé: Åãîðîâà Ãàëèíà Áîðèñîâíà Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Ã.Á. Åãîðîâîé (54) ÑÏÎÑÎÁ È ÓÑÒÐÎÉÑÒÂÎ ÂÛÏÀÐÈÂÀÍÈß ÒÎÏËÈÂÀ ÄËß ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÈ ÒÎÏËÈÂÍÎÃÎ R U Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Ñïîñîá âûïàðèâàíè òîïëèâà â óñòðîéñòâå âûïàðèâàíè òîïëèâà â óñòàíîâêå òîïëèâíîãî ýëåìåíòà, ñîäåðæàùåé òîïëèâíûé ýëåìåíò, èìåþùèé âïóñê âûïàðåííîãî òîïëèâà, èñòî÷íèê âûïàðèâàåìîãî æèäêîãî òîïëèâà è óñòðîéñòâî âûïàðèâàíè òîïëèâà, ñîåäèí þùåå òîïëèâíûé ýëåìåíò è èñòî÷íèê, ïðè êîòîðîì (à) ââîä ò âûïàðèâàåìîå æèäêîå òîïëèâî â òîïëèâíûé âïóñê äë êàíàëà æèäêîãî òîïëèâà óñòðîéñòâà âûïàðèâàíè òîïëèâà; (b) ïðîïóñêàþò íàãðåòóþ æèäêîñòü ÷åðåç, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, îäèí êàíàë ïîòîêà ãîð ÷åé æèäêîñòè â òåïëîîáìåííîé ñâ çè ñ óêàçàííûì êàíàëîì æèäêîãî òîïëèâà äë íàãðåâàíè è âûïàðèâàíè òîïëèâà â íåì; è (ñ) ðåãóëèðóþò ïàäåíèå äàâëåíè òîïëèâà, êîãäà îíî ïðîõîäèò îò óêàçàííîãî âïóñêà ê âûïóñêó, ãäå òîïëèâî âûõîäèò â âèäå ïàðà, òàê ÷òî îñíîâíîå ïàäåíèå äàâëåíè ïðîèñõîäèò âáëèçè óêàçàííîãî âïóñêà, ïðåæäå ÷åì ôàêòè÷åñêè êàêîå-ëèáî æèäêîå òîïëèâî âûïàðèâàåòñ . 2. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1, ïðè êîòîðîì óêàçàííîå îñíîâíîå ïàäåíè äàâëåíè ñîñòàâë åò íå ìåíåå ïðèìåðíî 70%. 3. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1, ïðè êîòîðîì óêàçàííîå îñíîâíîå ïàäåíè äàâëåíè ñîñòàâë åò ïðèìåðíî 95%. 4. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.1, ïðè êîòîðîì èìååòñ ìíîæåñòâî óêàçàííûõ êàíàëîâ ïîòîêà òîïëèâà, ñîåäèíåííûõ ïàðàëëåëüíî è èìåþùèõ ïî ñóùåñòâó ðàâíîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå òå÷åíèþ òîïëèâà. 5. Ñïîñîá ïî ï.4, ïðè êîòîðîì êàæäûé èç óêàçàííûõ êàíàëîâ ïîòîêà âë åòñ ïî Ñòðàíèöà: 1 RU A 2 0 0 4 1 3 ...

Solid oxide fuel cell

MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENERGY SYSTEM (OPTIONS)

2003116515 А ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ 2, Ри “” ны э) м Ох т ‚ \ (51) МПК” Н Ол М 8/00 (12 ИЗВЕЩЕНИЯ К ЗАЯВКЕ НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21), (22) Заявка: 2003116515/09, 30.10.2001 (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 30.10.2000 9$ 60/244,257 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.10.2004 (85) Дата перевода заявки РСТ на национальную фазу: 30.05.2003 (86) Заявка РСТ: 1$ 01/48813 (30.10.2001) (87) Публикация РСТ: М/О 02/059987 (01.08.2002) Адрес для переписки: 127055, Москва, а/я 11, пат.пов. Н.К.Попеленскому (71) Заявитель(и): ЗТЕК КОПЭРЕЙШН (Ц3) (72) Автор(ы): ХСУ Майкл С. (1$) (74) Патентный поверенный: Попеленский Николай Константинович (54) МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА (ВАРИАНТЫ) ГАЭА - Признание заявки на изобретение отозванной в связи с непредставлением в установленный срок дополнительных материалов или запрашиваемых документов Дата, с которой заявка признана отозванной: 22.01.2007 Извещение опубликовано: 20.05.2007 БИ: 14/2007 Страница: 1 9 00с пы А"

Solid oxide fuel cell and fuel electrode therefor

Fuel cell system and operation method thereof

Multistage combustor and method for starting a fuel cell system

Internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell system with methane feed

A fuel cell system in which a methane producing gasifier supplies methane fuel to an internal reforming fuel cell and unspent hydrogen from the anode exhaust of the fuel cell is used by the gasifier in processing the feedstock being converted by the gasifier to the methane fuel.

Integrated reformer and syngas separator

A reformer assembly for a fuel cell includes a vortex tube receiving heated fuel mixed with steam. A catalyst coats the inner wall of the main tube of the vortex tube and a hydrogen-permeable tube is positioned in the middle of the main tube coaxially with the main tube.

Process for producing energy preferably in the form of electricity and/or heat using carbon dioxide and methane by catalytic gas reaction and a device for performing the process

It is disclosed a process for producing electricity through the combustion of organic material, in said combustion there being formed carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which is recycled and used as raw material. The reaction is performed in a combined catalytic gas reactor/membrane.

Integrated electrical power and chemical production using fuel cells

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a molten carbonate fuel cell, such as a fuel cell assembly, with increased production of syngas while also reducing or minimizing the amount of CO 2 exiting the fuel cell in the cathode exhaust stream. This can allow for improved efficiency of syngas production while also generating electrical power.

Integrated electrical power and chemical production using fuel cells

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a molten carbonate fuel cell, such as a fuel cell assembly, with increased production of syngas while also reducing or minimizing the amount of CO2 exiting the fuel cell in the cathode exhaust stream. This can allow for improved efficiency of syngas production while also generating electrical power.

Internal manifold fuel cell power generator

THERMAL CONTROL APPARATUS

본 발명에 따른 얼교환기(20,25,27,29)는 작동유체와 외부환경간에 열을 교환하기 위한 구조물 및 작동유체(26)를 포함하고 있다. 이 구조물은 외부 환경에 노출된 외부면(28B)과 작동유체에 노출된 내부면(28A)을 갖춘 적어도 하나의 벽요소(28)를 포함하고 있어서 이 벽요소를 통한 전도성 열전달에 의해서 외부환경과 작동유체간에 열이 교환될 수 있다. 본 발명의 장치는 또한 용기에 작동유체를 제공하기 위한 용기요소와, 작동유체와 외부환경간에 등온 열교환을 제공하기 위해서 벽요소를 따라서 작동유체를 분배하기 위한 분배요소를 더 포함할 수 있다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에서, 이 구조물은 관형의 2중 루멘구조물로 형성될 수 있는데, 이러한 2중 루멘 구조물은 용기에 작동유체를 공급하는 내부루멘과 작동유체 및 외부환경 간에 열이 교환되는 외부루멘을 갖추고 있다. 내부 튜브는 작동유체를 외부루멘에 일정하게 분배하는 다수의 구멍을 갖춘 다공성 구조물로 형성될 수 있다.

Liquid fuel cpox reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity

일체화된 액체 연료 촉매부분산화 (CPOX) 개질장치 및 연료 전지 시스템은 복수의 또는 하나의 어레이의 이격된 CPOX 반응기 유닛들을 포함할 수 있고, 각 반응기 유닛은 내부 표면과 외부 표면이 있는 기체-투과성 벽을 가지는 세장관을 포함하고, 상기 벽은 개구형 기체 플로우 통로를 둘러싸고 상기 벽의 적어도 하나의 부분은 내부에 배치되는, 그리고/또는 그 구조를 포함하여 구성되는 CPOX 촉매를 가지며, 상기 촉매-포함 벽 섹션은 기체 CPOX 반응혼합물을 내부에서 확산하고 생성 수소풍부 리포메이트를 외부로 확산하는 것을 것을 허용하는 기체-투과성이다. 액체 연료 CPOX 개질장치는 또한 기화기, 하나 이상의 점화기, 액체 개질가능 연료 공급원을 포함할 수 있다. 수소-풍부 리포메이트는 액체 연료 CPOX 반응기 유닛과 일체화된 연료 전지 유닛 내에서 전기로 전환될 수 있다.

The group micro-grid system certainly of fuel cell

本发明公开了一种燃料电池的自组微网系统，包括控制系统、C捕捉装置和产消储装置；所述控制系统用于：实时控制自组微网系统内各功能模块的相互协调和配合，控制整个自组微网的电力调度和计量、以及与外网的接通、切断连接；所述C捕捉装置用于：收集和捕捉二氧化碳；所述产消储装置用于：利用燃料电池系统产生电能，并利用产生的电能对所述自组微网系统的内部和外部进行供电，同时存储对应的电量；实现了整个自组网络内的碳循环以及零碳排放，实现了自组微网系统的高效、低耗和环保的有益效果。

Gas and steam turbin power system

터빈 파워 시스템은 제 1 매체를 압축하기 위한 압축기(76), 및 상기 압축기와 연관되며 상기 제 1 매체와 제 2 매체를 수용하는 전기화학 컨버터(72)를 포함한다. 컨버터는 상기 제 1 매체 및 제 2 매체 사이에 전기화학 반응을 허용함으로써, 전기가 발생되고 선택된 상승온도를 갖는 배기물이 생성되도록 구성된다. 파워시스템은 상기 전기화학 컨버터(72)와 유체 연통하며 상기 컨버터 배기물을 수용하는 터빈(80)을 더 포함하며, 그로인해 터빈은 배기물을 회전에너지 및 전기로 전환시킨다. 이 시스템은 스팀 발생기와, 전기를 생성하는 스팀 터빈을 더 포함할 수 있다. 전기화학 컨버터는 여기에서 전기화학 연소기 교환(ECCR)이나 연소기 교환용 연료 셀(FCCR)로서 사용된다.

Method for stopping indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell

Thermophotovoltaic insulation for a solid oxide fuel cell system

A fuel cell system is disclosed. The fuel cell system comprises a thermophotovoltaic insulation disposed around at least a portion of a fuel cell. Methods for operating the fuel cell system are also disclosed.

Have integrated catalytic fuel processor based on MEMS fuel cell and manufacture method thereof

这里所描述的是将催化材料引入基于微型机电系统的燃料电池的燃料流场结构的装置，它使烃基燃料，如甲烷、甲醇、或丁烷能够催化重整。也公开了制造方法。

Fuel cell system

Combustor for fuel cell and fuel cell module

Method of fabricating an assembly comprising an anode-supported electrolyte, and ceramic cell comprising such an assembly

본 발명은 니켈/산화지르코늄 재료를 포함하는 애노드 지지체(1)와, 그 위에 배치되고 산화지르코늄을 포함하는 전해질층(3)과, 그 위에 배치되는 캐소드층(6)을 포함하는 전극에 의해 지지되는 전해질 박층을 기반으로 한 전기화학 전지에 관한 것이다. 전기화학 전지의 품질을 향상시키고 그 출력을 증가시키기 위해서, 전해질층과 애노드 지지체 사이에 보조층 또는 중간층(2)이 배치된다. 이 보조층은 지지체의 입자보다 실질적으로 작은 니켈 및 산화지르코늄 입자로 구성된다. 다음에, 전해질층(10)과, 애노드 지지체의 다른쪽 면에 집전체층이 도포된다. 이러한 층들 중에 소결 처리된 층은 없다. 이러한 방법으로 제조된 조립체를 얻은 후에만 소결 처리가 수행된다.