СЕТЕВАЯ СИСТЕМА, СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ПАКЕТОВ И НОСИТЕЛЬ ЗАПИСИ

Изобретение относится к сетевой системе, носителю записи и способу обработки пакетов. Технический результат заключается в обеспечении многоадресной передачи пакетов за счет циклической обработки пакета. Система содержит таблицу потоков, блок обработки передачи пакета, сконфигурированный для приема пакета для многоадресной передачи, обработки пакета на основе таблицы потоков, включающей переписывание заголовка пакета и получение второго пакета посредством копирования переписанного пакета, и передачи переписанного пакета на порт назначения и передачи второго пакета на блок циклической обработки, и блок циклической обработки, сконфигурированный, при приеме второго пакета от блока обработки передачи пакета, для возврата второго пакета на блок обработки передачи пакета, при этом таблица потоков содержит множество записей потоков, причем каждая запись определяет условие соответствия, указывающее адрес многоадресной передачи в качестве адреса назначения, и действие, включающее в себя порт назначения ...

Apparat und Methode zur Verarbeitung von Bandbreitenanforderungen in einer ATM-Vermittlungsstelle

Verfahren und System für Mehrfachübertragung

MEHRFACH-SENDEFÄHIGES ADRESSAUFLÖSUNGSPROTOKOLL

System zur Verteilung von Daten innerhalb eines Internetzwerkes mit zweitseitiger Vereinbarung über Inhalt

Puffer von Mehrfachsendezellen in Vermittlungsnetzen

Method of operating a computer in a network.

A computer forms a node in a network, consisting of computer nodes linked together into a minimum spanning tree topology. When a computer receives a message from a first node linked to it, it forwards the message to other nodes linked to that computer, as well as storing information about the message. As replies are received from the other computers, they are stored and collated together, to allow the computer to send just a single reply message back to the originating node based on the collated replies. This single reply is in turn collated at the next node, with the result that network traffic is reduced. ...

MULTICAST SOURCE SEARCH

DYNAMIC AND TRAFFIC-STEERED OPTIMIZATION OF THE MESSAGE ALTERNATE ROUTING TO GEOGRAPHICAL ADDRESSES

GROUP COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DOMAINS

SYSTEM, PROCEDURE AND KNOT BY THE NUMBER OF AUDIO STREAM IN A TELECONFERENCE FOR LIMITING

OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENERGY SAVING IN ACCORDANCE WITH 802.11 FOR GROUPS OF IP MULTICAST

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTING A DATA SEGMENT OF A DATA STREAM TO A GROUP OF SEVERAL USERS

SERVER-LATERAL TFTP FLOW CONTROL

PROCEDURE FOR RADIATING EXTENSIVE MULTICAST INFORMATION, SYSTEM AND APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE PRODUCT

EFFICIENT MULTICASTING FOR PACKAGE DATA SYSTEMS

SELECTION OF ONE PACK DATA SERVING NODE FOR MULTICAST/BROADCAST SERVICES

Bypassing topological restrictions with tunnels

MULTICAST SERVICE PROVIDING METHOD IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SETTING UP A MULTICAST OR BROADCAST TRANSMISSION

Efficient multicast in a smart grid

In a wireless and/or power line communication (PLC) network environment, techniques for multicast of data and management of multicast groups assist in regulating bandwidth consumption and provision of desired multicast data. Nodes indicate interest in multicast groups by transmission of reports upstream. Report transmission may be suppressed to balance bandwidth with need for multicast data. Multicast data packets may be retransmitted downstream to fulfill requests indicated by the reports at a rate and/or frequency based on multicast packet duplication or redundancy. Information, such as broken links or "leave" packets, may indicate that one or more downstream nodes should be removed from a forwarding state. However such removal may impact other nodes. A query may be transmitted downstream, to determine if retransmission/forwarding of multicast retransmissions should continue. Query transmission may be based on a balance between query bandwidth consumption and the needs of downstream nodes ...

Method for establishing restricted broadcast groups in a switched network

Distributed connection-oriented services for switched communications networks

Terabit per second ATM packet switch having out-of-band control with multicasting

Apparatus and method for limiting unauthorized access to a network multicast

Establishing connectivity in networks

System and method of source based multicast congestion control

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATOR MESSAGE AGGREGATION

A method and system for aggregating messages. The method comprises obtaining, at a controller, a first plurality of messages related to operation of a distributed energy generator; generating, at the controller, a second plurality of messages from the first plurality, wherein each message in the second plurality has a start-time within a first time window; and generating, at the controller, a third plurality of messages from the second plurality, wherein each message in the third plurality has an end-time within a second time window and is associated with an indicia of a message group.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MULTICASTING MESSAGES TO SELECT MOBILE RECIPIENTS

A method and system (Fig. 1) for transmitting multicast packets to mobiles (12, 14, 16, 18, Fig. 1) from a packet network (36).

DEVICES AND METHOD FOR MULTICASTING

A method for improving link efficiency in multicast transmissions is desc ribed. A data packet is sent to a multicast server. The data packet is proce ssed. A copy of the data packet is transmitted from the multicast server to a multicast internet protocol (IP) address associated with one or more acces s terminals. The copy of the data packet is multicast to each of the one or more access terminals using a channel dedicated for multicast traffic that i s associated with each of the one or more access terminals.

POINT CODE EMULATION FOR COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING SYSTEM NO.7 SIGNALING NETWORK

The present invention relates to a point code emulation apparatus and met hod for dividing a Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (or SS 7) signaling network into two or more networks. The point code emulator is adapted to re ceive TCAP messages from two or more subnets and converts, for the messages crossing over the subnets, the information of the TCAP messages, including o riginating point code, destination point code, and transaction identifier, ( and optionally, calling party number and called party number), and forwards to the other one of the two or more subnets. Correspondence among the two or more subnets may be provisioned by an authorized user of the system, may be learned automatically by the system based on ISUP message correspondences o r previous TCAP transactions, or may be automatically discovered by the syst em broadcasting messages to nodes in the destined one of the two or more sub nets.

DEVICE PAIRING AND LOGIN FOR DIFFERENT NETWORK SERVICES OFFERED AT HOSPITALITY ESTABLISHMENT

A media server receives a request from an unpaired mobile device, queries a login database to determine whether the mobile device is logged in for high speed Internet access, and, when yes, identifies a particular guest area of the hospitality establishment according to details in its login record. One of the media devices accessible from within the particular guest area is selected and paired with the mobile device without requiring a user of the mobile device to input into the mobile device a connect code of the selected media device. In another example, a user initiates a codeless pairing mode on a particular one of the media devices and begins interacting with the media server utilizing an unpaired mobile device. Since, only one media device can be in that mode at a time, the media server pairs the newly detected unpaired mobile device with the particular media device.

MULTICAST PACKETS GENERATION DEVICE FOR A PACKET SWITCHING TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

METHOD OF MULTICASTING

A method of network multicasting using transport layer protocols, suitable for use in ATM networks, is disclosed. The protocols advantageously combine the acknowledgments of individual destinations along the underlying multicast tree to prevent acknowledgement implosion. The inventive method alsoprevents unnecessary retransmission by performing local multicasts.

Method and apparatus for reducing the transsmission of repetitive broadcast datagrams over communication links

ПРИСТРІЙ ДЛЯ БАГАТОАДРЕСНИХ ПЕРЕДАЧ (ВАРІАНТИ) ТА СПОСІБ ШИРОКОГО МОВЛЕННЯ ДЛЯ ГРУПИ АБОНЕНТІВ (ВАРІАНТИ)

Запропоновані способи і пристрої для ефективного широкого мовлення у безпровідній системі пакетних даних. Один КДС_ІД використовують для широкого мовлення для групи абонентів. За допомогою використання інформації про якість каналу групи абонентів (200) базова станція визначає ідентифікацію абонента з найгіршими станами (210) каналів. Синхронізацію і формат передачі багатоадресної передачі потім настроюють таким чином, щоб абонент з найгіршими станами каналів міг відновити передачу (220). Якщо синхронізація і формат передачі вибрані по відношенню до абонента з найгіршими станами каналів, ймовірно, що інші абоненти також зможуть відновити передачу. Отже, необхідно використовувати тільки один КДС_ІД для виконання однієї широкомовної передачі замість надсилання множини передач для множини абонентів. .

СПОСІБ ПЕРЕДАЧІ БАГАТОАДРЕСНОЇ ПОСЛУГИ В БЕЗДРОТОВІЙ СИСТЕМІ ТА СПОСІБ ОДЕРЖАННЯ БАГАТОАДРЕСНОЇ ПОСЛУГИ В БЕЗДРОТОВІЙ СИСТЕМІ

Спосіб передачі багатоадресної послуги та спосіб одержання багатоадресної послуги належать до передачі даних багатоадресного сервісу. Індикатор логічного каналу додається до сервісних даних, закартованих до загального каналу так, що термінал може розрізняти тип сервісних даних, переданих через загальний канал. Індикатор логічного каналу є полем типу цільового каналу (TCTF), що включений до заголовка сервісних даних (модуль протоколу МАС).

Data encapsulation apparatus and method

The invention provides a data encapsulation device and a method thereof used for multimedia broadcast/multicast service data. The data encapsulation device comprises a classification and restriction module used for classifying multimedia broadcast/multicast service data into at least one data type according to service application and restricting the data structure of the multimedia broadcast/multicast service data according to data types; an identification and description module used for identifying different multimedia broadcast/multicast service data according to data volume identifications and describing the multimedia broadcast/multicast service data according to the restricted data structure; and a data encapsulation module used for encapsulating the described multimedia broadcast/multicast service data in different segments and mapping the encapsulated multimedia broadcast/multicast service data to a data unit of a transmission layer for transmission. The data encapsulation device ...

Method and device for broadcasting messages in domain dividing process

From the wireless communication device for the selectivity of the binding message review

PROCEEDED Of OPTIMIZATION OF RESOURCES RADIO ALLOUEES HAS a SERVICE MBMS

Information e.g. image information concerning departure time, distributing system for e.g. railway station, has control unit comprising control module that executes general distribution, inventory and particular distribution functions

Installation de diffusion d'informations (1), en particulier pour les gares ou les aéroports, comprenant un organe de commande (5) faisant délivrer à un diffuseur principal (3) des informations sélectionnées selon une première valeur-clé, un relais de communication (7) courte portée capable d'établir des liaisons avec des terminaux mobiles (11, 13,15). L'organe comprend une interface avec le relais et un module de commande exécutant une fonction de diffusion générale sur le diffuseur, une fonction de recensement réagissant avec des terminaux en stockant des données d'état recueillies des terminaux et établissant une seconde valeur-clé en fonction d'un sous-groupe de données d'état, et une fonction de diffusion particulière capable d'émettre, vers les terminaux possédant des données d'état du sous-groupe, des informations sélectionnées selon la seconde valeur-clé.

PROCESS OF REGROUPING OF STATIONS TO OPTIMIZE the DIFFUSION Of a FLOW BROADCAST/MULTICAST

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de transmission d'au moins un flux de données d'une station à N stations destinataires, N>2, les stations, reliées entre elles par des liens, appartiennent à un même réseau logique et mettent en œuvre lors de la transmission une modulation multi porteuse, chaque lien entre la station et une des N stations destinataires étant associé à une table contenant des ordres de constellations associés respectivement aux sous porteuses, ces ordres étant déterminés selon un ou plusieurs critères de qualité du lien, ledit procédé consistant, : - à regrouper les N stations en K groupes, K≥1, selon un critère de similarité entre tables et à déterminer, par groupe, une table commune, - à transmettre un flux par la station, sous forme de K flux vers respectivement les K groupes en répartissant les données du flux sur les sous porteuses selon la table commune du groupe.

방송 신호 송신 장치, 방송 신호 수신 장치, 방송 신호 송신 방법, 및 방송 신호 수신 방법

... 본 발명은 방송 신호 송신 장치, 방송 신호 수신 장치, 방송 신호 송신 방법, 및 방송 신호 수신 방법을 제공한다. 방송 신호 송신 장치는 파일을 상기 파일의 일부(a part of the file )에 해당하는 적어도 하나의 딜리버리 오브젝트(Delivery Object)로 분할하는 딜리버리 오브젝트 제너레이터(Delivery Object Generator); 상기 딜리버리 오브젝트에 대한 메타데이터를 포함하는 시그널링 정보를 인코딩하는 시그널링 인코더(Signaling Encoder), 상기 시그널링 정보는 상기 적어도 하나의 딜리버리 오브젝트가 적어도 하나의 LCT(Layered Coding Transport) 패킷을 이용하여 단방향 채널(unidirectional channel)을 통하여 실시간으로 전송되는지 여부를 지시하는 실시간 정보를 포함하고; 및 상기 적어도 하나의 딜리버리 오브젝트 및 상기 시그널링 정보를 전송하는 트랜스미터(transmitter)를 포함할 수 있다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 멀티미디어 콘텐츠의 획득에서부터 사용자에게 보여지기까지의 총 시간을 줄일 수 있는 효과가 있다.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR ALLOCATING MCIDS(MULTICAST CONNECTION IDS(IDENTIFICATIONS)) FOR IP(INTERNET PROTOCOL) MULTICAST PACKET TRANSMISSION AND TRANSMITTING PACKETS USING THE MCID IN A PORTAL INTERNET NETWORK, ESPECIALLY CAPABLE OF ASSIGNING THE EXTENSIBLE MCIDS SO AS TO TRANSMIT IPV6 MULTICAST PACKETS IN A LINK LAYER BY USING A CONNECTION ID THAT IS USED TO TRANSMIT PACKETS OF AN IP LAYER OVER A LINK LAYER

PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for allocating MCID(Multicast Connection IDs(Identifications)) for IP(Internet Protocol) multicast packet transmission and transmitting packets using the MCID in a portal Internet network are provided to transmit multicast packets having various scopes and multicast packets of a link local scope in an IEEE 802.16 network by assigning the MCIDs according to a scope of an IP multicast address, thereby removing the necessity of addition MCID assignment even when the number of multicast addresses used on the network is increased, and accordingly providing superior extensibility. CONSTITUTION: A recording medium for recording a data structure of an MCID(Multicast Connection IDs(Identifications))(210) comprises the followings: a CS(Convergence Sublayer) descriptor value which represents a sublayer used for IP(Internet protocol) multicast packet transmission in a portable Internet network; and a scope value which represents a subnet category where the IP multicast ...

access node, method for dispensing a stream multi-diffusion within a broadband access network adapter/ipoe, and, broadband access network of adapter/ipoehìbrida

Systems and methods for media distribution

Systems and methods according to these exemplary embodiments provide for methods and systems for optimizing the distribution of media content for multiple end users over Internet protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

MDU BROADCASTING SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY TRANSMITTING BROADCASTING INFORMATION SEPARATELY

Provided is a MDU broadcasting signal distribution system that receives a broadcasting signal in a multiplex house or building where an IP network is provided, and further that divides the broadcasting signal into broadcasting information and broadcasting A/V data to transmit to respective MDU set-top boxes through IP network. According to the present invention, broadcasting information and broadcasting A/V data are separately transmitted. Therefore, any necessity that the broadcasting information be duplicately transmitted to each channel is removed, which makes it possible to utilize a bandwidth. Further, the set-top box is connected to IP network to receive satellite broadcasting, terrestrial, and cable broadcastings without a dish- shaped antenna or cable being installed. Therefore, broadcasting signals can be effectively distributed to each home such that desired broadcasting can be seen in the home. Further, as IGMP is applied, broadcasting can be selectively provided to MDU set-top ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DELIVERING ON-DEMAND VIDEO IN AN AIRCRAFT

A system for providing on-demand video on an aircraft is described. In various implementations, the system includes a first computer that receives broadcast video content, digital video players distributed within a passenger seating area of the aircraft, and a second computer. The second computer receives the video content from the first computer, and provides the video content, on-demand, to a subset of the digital video players. The system also includes a third computer that receives the video content from the first computer, and provides the video content, on-demand, to another subset of the plurality of digital video players. The first computer may provide the video content to the second and third computers using a multicast protocol. The video content may include a live television broadcast or a television channel that was requested by a user of one or more of the digital video players.

DOWNLINK MULTICAST METHOD IN WIRELESS INTERNET PROTOCOL SYSTEM

A method for determining multicast versus unicast of packet data is a wireless communication system establishes (102) a target member set which represents the wireless terminals (10-14) served by an access point (30-32) which wireless terminals a members of a multicast group. The access point receives (104) the packet data. The access point next determines (106) a destination subset of the target member set of wireless terminals. The destination subset is those wireless terminals which are to receive the packet data.

DECORATIVE MATERIALS

The present invention relates to a decorative surfacing material and a method of providing such material. The decorative surface material may include a composite, which may be coated. The composite may be composed of one or more layers of a polymer. Each layer may be colorless or may be provided with a colorant or additive. The coating may include a microbial inhibitor.

METHOD, DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR REALIZING MULTICAST CONNECTION ADMISSION CONTROL

A method and device for realizing a multicast connection admission control. The method includes: when receiving the program request initiated by the user, computing the remaining support ability of the function unit on the network side currently to the multicast; when the support ability required by the program requested by the user is less than or equal to the remaining support ability of the function unit on the network side currently to the multicast, allowing the user's access.

COMPONENT AND METHOD FOR MANAGING COMMUNICATION

The invention relates to a communication management component (1) for organizing data exchanges between communicating devices (7, 8, 9, 10) of an Ethernet network, the management component(1) comprising: interface means; distribution means (3) for acquiring and distributing, via the interface means (2), data incoming from each communicating device to the other communicating devices; processing means (6) provided for controlling the distribution means such that the data incoming from a transmitter device is distributed to the other devices, each of the communicating devices in turn becoming a transmitter device in accordance with a first predetermined sequence that is cyclically repeated. The invention also relates to a communication management method.

MANAGING NETWORK TRAFFIC USING HASHING FUNCTIONS

Network traffic that is used to communicate multicast and broadcast messages are separated into subgroups with respect to the multicast and broadcast messages. In one embodiment a hashing function is used to separate target devices into subgroups. For example, a device identifier can be used by a hash function to determine which subgroup the device belongs to. Messages can be sent to the different subgroups at different times to manage network traffic, or the devices can reply to messages based on their respective subgroupings to manage network traffic.

METHOD OF TRANSMITTING DATA IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A method of configuring a lower layer data block in a protocol layer of a transmitting side of a wireless communication system comprises receiving upper layer data from an upper layer, and configuring a second lower layer data block to include a first upper layer data block comprising at least part of the upper layer data, and a size change indictor indicating whether a size of the first upper layer data block is identical with a size of a second upper layer data block included in a first lower layer data block.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MULTICASTING WITHIN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORK

A number of uplink transmissions from multiple remote devices (102, 104, 106) is received. The remote devices correspond to a single network node (112), and each of the uplink transmissions corresponds to a request for content. A subset of remote devices whose uplink transmissions correspond to requests for common content is identified and a Quality of Service (QoS) level corresponding to the number of remote devices in the identified subset is determined. The common content is transmitted to the single network node at the determined QoS level.

MULTICASTING IN A FPS SWITCH

A system and network are disclosed for providing multicasting capability within a packet switched network, such as FPS or ATM. Each packet's header includes a type indicator bit or bits. One form of type indicator indicates normal port to port switching: a second form indicates switching to a single port, and then to each of a set of outputs defined by the address portion of the header via a separate connection. Contention is thereby reduced in the switching fabric itself.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUS

A communication system composed of a station terminal and scriber terminals connected to the station terminal. The station terminal has a function of transmitting, on receiving a packet representing necessity/nonnecessity of distribution from a subscriber terminal, a packet for specifying a transfer necessity/nonnecessity specification address corresponding to the necessity/nonnecessity of distribution to the subscriber terminal after identifying the subscriber terminal. Each subscriber terminal, on receiving a distributed packet, transfers or does not transfer the distributed packet to a host subordinated by the subscriber terminal depending on whether or not the transfer is necessary if the packet has the transfer necessity/nonnecessity specification address pre-specified by the station terminal.

Ingress switch multicast distribution in a fabric switch

One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes an inter-switch multicast module and an edge multicast module. The inter-switch multicast module identifies for a first replication of a multicast packet an egress inter-switch port in a multicast tree rooted at the switch. The multicast tree is identified by an identifier of the switch. The edge multicast module identifies an egress edge port for a second replication of the multicast packet based on a multicast group identifier. The multicast group identifier is local within the switch.

Zero-overhead efficient flooding

A communication node of a multi-node communication network is disclosed. The communication node includes a communication interface and a controller. The controller is configured to receive a data packet, via the communication interface, from a first additional communication node, the data packet including a broadcast address indicative of a clustering status of the first additional communication node. The controller is further configured to determine a clustering status of the communication node, the clustering status based on a relationship between a number of gateway nodes and a number of clusterhead nodes communicatively coupled to the communication node. The controller is further configured to transmit the data packet, via the communication interface, to at least a second additional communication node if the determined clustering status is a gateway clustering status or a clusterhead clustering status, the data packet including a broadcast address indicative of the clustering status ...

ENHANCED MULTICAST BROADCAST MULTIMEDIA SERVICE IN ENHANCED COMPONENT CARRIERS OVER VARIABLE TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A base station supporting multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) and operating in a shared radio frequency spectrum band may map MBMS transport blocks (TBs) to each carrier in the system bandwidth. The device may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) on one or more of the carriers, and transmit a portion of the MBMS TBs on carriers with successful CCAs. The portion of the MBMS TBs mapped to carriers with unsuccessful CCAs may be punctured. In various examples, a single TB may be mapped across the carriers, different TBs may mapped to each carrier, or redundancy versions (RVs) may be mapped to each carrier. A region at the frequency boundary of each carrier may be reserved for a guard region, and may not be used for MBMS transmissions when a carrier is associated with a failed CCA. 1. A method of wireless communication comprising:mapping one or more multicast broadcast multi-media service (MBMS) transport blocks to a plurality of carriers;performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) on the plurality of carriers;selecting a portion of the one or more MBMS transport blocks to transmit based at least in part on a result of the CCA for the plurality of carriers; andtransmitting, according to the mapping, the selected portion of the one or more MBMS transport blocks over one or more of the plurality of carriers for which the result of the CCA was a successful CCA.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein mapping the one or more MBMS transport blocks to the plurality of carriers comprises:mapping the one or more MBMS transport blocks over a system bandwidth comprising the plurality of carriers, wherein the one or more MBMS transport blocks comprises a single MBMS transport block for the system bandwidth.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:puncturing the single MBMS transport block in a guard region of a first carrier for which the result of the CCA was a successful CCA and a second carrier ...

Transmission optimization for application-level multicast

Transmission optimization for application-level multicast is described. For each member of a video conference, a multicast tree is generated that represents a data communication configuration of a data source and the other members of a video conference which are data recipients that receive video and audio data from the data source. An end-to-end transmission delay from each data source to each of the respective data recipients is determined, and the available bandwidth between each data source and the respective data recipients is determined. One or more of the multicast trees, each corresponding to a data source, are refined according to the end-to-end transmission delay and available bandwidth for a particular data source to optimize the data communication configuration of the data source in the video conference.

System and method for utilizing multicast ip and ethernet to locate and distribute a satellite signal

A system and method for distributing satellite television program signals utilizes IP and Ethernet multicast addresses to define and allow the acquisition and/or distribution of a particular satellite television program signal. The satellite program identification data or parameters for the particular satellite program signal are encoded by an IP multicast address assigned to the particular satellite television program signal from a block of IP multicast addresses, preferably by a mini head end. The assigned IP multicast address is mapped to an Ethernet IP address for distribution to an Ethernet compatible component such as a satellite signal receiver or set top box. In this manner, any and all satellite program signals may be provided to one or more satellite signal receivers through IP multicasting.

Multicast network unit, multicast network system, and multicast method

A multicast network system is provided with a multicast network unit that delivers data between independent multicast network domains. The multicast network unit includes an extraction part for extracting a multicast delivery destination address from received data, a holder part for holding conversion data where the multicast delivery destination address corresponds to a delivery source address, and a judgment part for judging whether the multicast delivery destination address is held and outputting the result of a judgment. The multicast network unit also includes a filtering part which, when the result of the judgment is holding, converts the multicast delivery source address to an arbitrary delivery destination address and, when it is non-holding, discards the received data. The multicast network unit further includes a transmitter part for transmitting data containing the converted multicast address to the domain.

Multicasting network packets

Multicasting network packets is disclosed. A total number of copies of a frame, t, to be sent is determined. A number of copies of the frame, m, which is less than a total number of copies of the frame, t, to be made during a current iteration is determined. M copies of the frame are made. The m copies of the frame are then sent to their destinations. The original input frame is provided as output with an indication that the frame should be returned for further processing. Processing of the frame is discontinued during an interval in which other frames are processed. The process is repeated until t copies have been sent.

Method of providing multicast services in virtual private LAN

A method of providing multicast services in a virtual private local area network (LAN) is provided. The method of providing multicast services, which is used by a provider edge in a virtual private LAN in which the provider edge, a customer edge, and a management system are connected to each other, includes: establishing a VPLS table used to transmit a received Ethernet frame to a destination; after receiving an Ethernet frame from the customer edge, searching the VPLS table in order to determine whether or not group information related to the destination of the Ethernet frame exists in the VPLS table; if the group information does not exist, requesting the group information from the management system, receiving the information, and then, updating the VPLS table by adding the received group information; and determining an output interface by referring to the group information, and transmitting the Ethernet frame. According to the method, when multicast traffic, such as Internet protocol ...

Distributed connection-oriented services for switched communications networks

Method and apparatus providing connection-oriented services for packet switched data communications networks. Directory services include distributed discovery of MAC addresses and protocol alias addresses. Topology services include a link state topology exchange among switches, which provides each switch with a complete topology graph of the network. This enables an access switch receiving a data packet to determine a complete path from a source end system to a destination end system. Another service includes resolution of broadcast frames to unicast frames, in order to reduce the amount of broadcast traffic. Policy restrictions may be applied prior to connection setup. Path determination services enable multiple paths from a source to a destination. Connection management includes source routed mapping of connections on the desired path. A distributed call rerouting service is provided wherein if a link on an active path fails, each switch receives a topology change notification and unmaps ...

System for filtering broadcast digital information in accordance with channel identifiers stored in preference list which can be dynamically updated via command through network

A filter adaptor connects a computer to a network through a network connection. The network has a large plurality of broadcast type messages having a given protocol. Each of the broadcast messages has a destination field and a source field. The adaptor has a preference list of one or more fixed channels that the computer is capable of receiving. Each fixed channel has a channel identifier that is also listed in the preference list. Further, the filter adapter has a filtering process that monitors the source field and discards any message that does not have a source identifier in the source field that matches one of the channel identifiers on the preference list.

System and method for using a window mechanism to control multicast data congestion

A system and method for using a window mechanism to control transmission of a multicast in a computer network to curb congestion. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a packet monitor that tracks, for each receiver of the multicast, unacknowledged packets transmitted to each receiver and (2) a multicast manager, associated with the packet monitor, that controls transmission of further packets of the multicast to prevent the unacknowledged packets transmitted to any of each receiver from exceeding a maximum number associated with each receiver.

Method to forward a multicast packet, an ingress node and a router realizing such a method and an internet network including such an ingress node and such a router

The invention is a method that forwards a multicast packet in a connectionless multicast system from an ingress node via a router to a plurality of destinations. In the method, a relation between a value of a receiver update notification and a predefined construction set is stored by the router in a memory. The predefined construction set includes a set of next hops that includes one or more next hops being determined according to local unicast routing information for each destination of a predefined set of destinations. The method associates by the ingress node to a starting destination set the value of the receiver update notification and, including by the ingress node, the value of the receiver update notification in the multicast packet. Upon reception of the multicast packet that includes the value of the receiver update notification, the router determines a predefined subset of destinations and determines for the predefined subset of destinations a next hop of the set of next hops ...

Internet protocol multicast distribution in Ethernet networks

Methods and systems for distributing multicast messages in a network are disclosed. The use of such a method or system in an Ethernet network can result in a reduction in the number of flooded multicast messages. One method can involve receiving a companion message, which includes a multicast address, at a network device and extracting the multicast address from the companion message. The multicast address can then be associated with a VLAN and an interface of the network device. Another method involves receiving a join message, which identifies a multicast group being joined, and generating a companion message corresponding to the join message. The companion message includes an address of the multicast group.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING MULTICAST GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

A content distribution network includes first and second controllers, and multicast enabled routers. The first controller is configured to select a multicast channel for distributing content, to determine that the content has a geographic restriction associated with a restricted area in the content distribution network, to link an exclusion policy for the content to the multicast channel while the multicast channel provides the content, and to deny a request for the content from a client system within the restricted area based on the exclusion policy. The second controller is configured to distribute the exclusion policy to the multicast enabled routers including a first router configured to store the exclusion policy, and to ignore a multicast join message from the client system within the restricted area based on the exclusion policy.

Bit indexed explicit replication

Methods, devices and computer readable storage media for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) are disclosed. One embodiment of a method includes receiving, at an ingress node of a network, a data packet comprising a multicast group identifier. This embodiment also includes obtaining, from a group membership table, a bit mask corresponding to the multicast group identifier. The bit mask comprises a plurality of bit positions, and each bit position corresponds to a respective egress node of the network. The embodiment also includes encapsulating the data packet with the bit mask and forwarding the encapsulated data packet using the bit mask.

Packet forwarding

According to an example, to forward a packet, an access layer device searches a Layer 2 forwarding table according to a source Media Access Control (MAC) address of the packet, and replaces the source MAC address with a mapped virtual MAC address in a matching Layer 2 forwarding entry. The Layer 2 forwarding table is searched according to a destination MAC address of the Ethernet packet. In response to determining that a Layer 2 forwarding entry matching the destination MAC address of the Ethernet packet does not include a MAC address mapped to the destination MAC address, Very Large Layer 2 (VLL2) network protocol encapsulation is performed on the Ethernet packet of which the source MAC address is replaced according to an egress port in the Layer 2 forwarding entry matching the destination MAC address; and the Ethernet packet encapsulated with a VLL2 network protocol header is sent via the egress port.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING BROADCAST SIGNALS, APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING BROADCAST SIGNALS, METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING BROADCAST SIGNALS AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING BROADCAST SIGNALS

A broadcast signal transmission method includes generating, by a packetizer, a first transport packet carrying one or more fragments of a delivery object and a second transport packet carrying signaling data based on an ALC/LCT scheme. In addition, a header of the first transport packet includes offset information representing a starting byte position of a fragment of the delivery object included in the first transport packet, the header of the first transport packet includes Transport Object Identifier (TOI) information that is mapped to Uniform Resource Locator (URL) information for the delivery object described in the signaling data, the signaling data includes a real-time attribute representing whether the delivery object transmits a real-time content, and content type information presenting a type of a content; processing one or more IP packets including the first transport packet and the second transport packet to generate a broadcast signal, the processing includes encoding data in the one or more IP packets to output data of one or more Data Pipes, and interleaving data of a Data Pipe by a Time Interleaving (TI) block based on one or more virtual Forward Error Correction (FEC) blocks, frequency interleaving the interleaved data of the Data pipe; and transmitting, by a transmitter, the broadcast signal. Further, the signaling data is delivered in a transmission session separate from the delivery object. 1. A broadcast signal transmission method , comprising:generating, by a packetizer, a first transport packet carrying one or more fragments of a delivery object and a second transport packet carrying signaling data based on an ALC/LCT scheme, wherein:a header of the first transport packet includes offset information representing a starting byte position of a fragment of the delivery object included in the first transport packet,the header of the first transport packet includes Transport Object Identifier (TOI) information that is mapped to Uniform Resource ...

Encoding-based multicast packet duplication control suitable for VLAN systems

A packet duplication control system including an input port for receiving a packet and a plurality of output ports for outputting duplications of the packet is disclosed. The duplications can be suitable to support a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) system. The duplications can be controlled by descriptors arranged in a linked-list table. Also, the descriptors can have encoding formats, such as contiguous range encoding, non-contiguous range encoding, and discrete encoding. Further, the linked-list table can include at least one shared descriptor.

Bandwidth allocation system

Layered multicast provides a method of optimizing the reception data rate for a plurality of networked push media receivers having heterogeneous reception bandwidth. To reduce the latency of a pull medium element during multimedia event, the data rates for push media layers are reduced during transmission of the pull medium. Further, a recently added layer of the push medium is dropped when the transmission of the push medium is initiated and attempts of the receiver to subscribe to a higher push medium layer are suppressed during pull medium reception.

Changing bandwidth usage based on user events

Once an active video conference is set up and a user is viewing the active video conference at a video terminal, the video terminal looks for different events that indicate a change in focus of the user to or from the active video conference. For example, the user brings up another application and starts using the application or the user has minimized a window that is displaying the active video conference. The video terminal sends a change of focus message based on the event to a video conference bridge or another video terminal that is streaming the active video conference to the user. The video conference bridge/video terminal processes the message and changes video portion of the stream of the active video conference based on the message. The result is that there is improved use of bandwidth between the video terminal and the video conference bridge/video terminal.

Multicast session management system

A centralized multicast session management system is provided for managing resources in a multicast environment. The session management system includes: at least one multicast application that is able to initiate a request for a multicast session; a session manager adapted to receive the session request from the multicast application and operable to assign a multicast address for the requested multicast session; and a routing and network manager for managing network resources, where the session manager interacts with the routing and network manager to allocate network resources for the requested multicast session before the multicast address is communicated to the multicast application.

EXPLICIT BLOCK ENCODING OF MULTICAST GROUP MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION WITH BIT INDEX EXPLICIT REPLICATION (BIER)

A network device executes a method to forward a packet that is encoded using an explicit block encoding of multicast group membership information with Bit Index Explicit Replication. The method includes receiving a packet, where the packet includes a bitstring having a set of blocks, each block including a set identifier field and a SubBitString field. The method further includes selecting a block for processing, finding a first bit position of a SubBitString identifying a destination bit-forwarding router (BFR), looking up a forwarding bitmask for the destination BFR and a next-hop to reach the destination BFR in a bit index forwarding table, creating a copy of the packet, applying a bit-wise AND operation on the copy of the packet with the forwarding bitmask, forwarding the copy of the packet to the next-hop, and applying a bit-wise AND operation on the packet with an inverse of the forwarding bitmask. 1. A method implemented by a network device to forward a packet that is encoded using an explicit block encoding of multicast group membership information with Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) , the method comprising the steps of:receiving a packet, wherein the packet includes a bitstring having a set of blocks, each block including a set identifier (SI) field and a SubBitString field;selecting an unprocessed block from the set of blocks for processing;finding a first bit position of a SubBitString of the selected block, wherein the first bit position identifies a destination bit-forwarding router (BFR);looking up a forwarding bitmask for the destination BFR and a next-hop neighbor to reach the destination BFR in a bit index forwarding table (BIFT);creating a copy of the packet;applying a bit-wise AND operation on a bitstring of the copy of the packet with the forwarding bitmask;forwarding the copy of the packet to the next-hop neighbor; andapplying a bit-wise AND operation on the bitstring of the packet with an inverse of the forwarding bitmask.2. The method ...

Systems and methods for the distribution of bulk data using multicast routing that mitigates network traffic on subnets

Systems and methods for the distribution of bulk data using multicast routing are provided. A multicast advertisement is sent to potential receivers of the bulk distribution. The advertisement may include a list of intended receivers and the multicast group that the distribution will be multicast on. In response to the advertisement, intended receivers may listen on the multicast group address for the bulk data. Receivers that are not targets for the distribution do not join the multicast group, and consequently, the delivery of data by routers to subnets that have no target receivers may thus be obviated.

Method and apparatus for processing a multicast packet

The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of computer networks, and disclose a method and an apparatus for processing a multicast packet. The method includes receiving a multicast packet, acquiring a local router interface corresponding to the multicast packet according to a multicast routing entry carried in the multicast packet, and forwarding the multicast packet through the acquired local router interface to a clustered routing system interface for further transfer. The embodiments of the present invention can cluster several routing devices into a virtual routing system which externally acts as a single routing node for supporting a multicast service, so as to implement the efficient and reliable forwarding of the multicast packet in a clustered routing system with virtual aggregation, and enable the clustered routing system to support the multicast service with high efficiency and quality.

BRIDGE-INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE OF ROUTING MESSAGES BETWEEN SUB-NETWORKS

A Bridge-Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) is disclosed to route IEC61850 GOOSE messages between sub-networks (SN SN . . . SN_n), wherein the Bridge-Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) can include a component with functionality for signal mapping, and more than one communication interface (CI- CI- CI-n), wherein each communication interface (CI- CI- CI-n) is designed as an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) with its own CID-(Configured IED Description) file according to an IEC 61850 requirement. 112. A bridge-IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) for routing IEC (International Electro-technical Commission) 61850 GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Sub-station Event) messages between sub-networks (SN_ , SN_ . . . SN_n) , wherein the Bridge-IED comprises:a mobile component with functionality for signal mapping; and{'b': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'plural communication interfaces (CI-, CI- . . . CI-n), wherein each said communication interface (CI-, CI- . . . CI-n) is configured as an IED with its own CID (Configured IED Description) file according to an IEC 61850 requirement.'}212. The bridge-IED according to claim 1 , wherein each sub-network (SN_ claim 1 , SN_ . . . SN_n) comprises:a respective SCD-file engineered separately with an IEC 61850 engineering tool.312. The bridge-IED according to claim 1 , wherein the each communication interfaces (CI- claim 1 , CI- . . . CI-n) of the Bridge-IED is described by an IEC 61850 CID-file and is configured in an IED description.4. The bridge-IED according to claim 1 , comprising:{'b': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'application software for free filtering and/or mapping of received signals and/or for rearranging the signals to new data telegrams, the application software being published and freely transferred from each connected communication interface (CI-, CI- . . . CI-n) to the connected sub-networks (SN_, SN_ . . . SN_n).'}5. The bridge-IED according to claim 1 , configured as a standard IED according to an IEC 61850 for GOOSE communication.6. The ...

Mobile communication terminal and signal relay method

An object of the present invention is to lower communication costs using a simple configuration by reducing traffic on a communication network resulting from data communications for video conference use. A mobile communication terminal has an audio/video input portion which creates a parent terminal transmission signal including an audio signal and a video signal directly input from outside, a short-range communication portion which receives child terminal transmission signals including audio signals and video signals from a plurality of mobile communication terminals via short-range communications, a signal synthesizer which synthesizes the parent terminal transmission signal with the plurality of child terminal transmission signals and outputs a synthesized signal, a switching portion which selects a signal from among the parent terminal transmission signal, the child terminal transmission signals and the synthesized signal, and a mobile communication portion which transmits the signal ...

IMPROVED RECOURCE UTILIZATION FOR MULTIMEDIA BROADCAST MULTICAST SERVICES (MBMS)

ACCESS CONTROL FOR MULTICAST CHANNEL REQUEST

A method of multicasting

MULTI-CAST PACKET TRANSMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To control congestion in a highly reliable multi-cast network. SOLUTION: By setting a multi-cast 'window', multi-case transmission in a computer network 300 is controlled and congestion is suppressed. This system is provided with a packet monitor 330 for tracking unconfirmed packets 370 transmitted to respective multi-cast receivers 320 and a multi-cast manager 310 connected to the packet monitor 330 for controlling the transmission of the succeeding multi-cast packet 370 and preventing the unconfirmed packets 370 transmitted to the respective receivers 320 from exceeding a maximum number for the respective receivers 320. Especially, the packet monitor 330 sets a token pool 340 for the respective receivers 320 and the multi-cast manager 310 prevents a token number inside the respective token pool 340 from going out of a specified range. COPYRIGHT: (C)1999,JPO ...

СПОСОБ И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩЕЕ УСТРОЙСТВО СОВМЕСТНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТРАФИКА ПРИ ГРУППОВОЙ ПЕРЕДАЧЕ

Изобретение относится к области технологий передачи данных и, в частности, к способу и соответствующему устройству совместного использования трафика при групповой передаче. Технический результат заключается в снижении требований к возможности передачи трафика одним маршрутизатором. Способ совместного использования трафика при групповой передаче содержит этапы, на которых получают посредством маршрутизатора одного сегмента сети IP-адрес каждого маршрутизатора того же сегмента сети и информацию о диапазоне групповых адресов, за который отвечает каждый маршрутизатор, получают маску, предоставляемую каждым маршрутизатором и используемую для алгоритма хеширования, и выбирают маску в качестве маски алгоритма хеширования из полученного множества масок; в соответствии с групповым адресом, который запрашивает оборудование пользователя при присоединении, и диапазоном групповых адресов, за который отвечает каждый маршрутизатор, определяют маршрутизатор, диапазон групповых адресов которого включает ...

СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ОТВЕТНОГО РЕАГИРОВАНИЯ УЧАСТНИКОВ С ЭФФЕКТИВНЫМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПОЛОСЫ ЧАСТОТ

... 1. Способ уменьшения занимаемой полосы частот при передаче сообщений с данными между хостовым компьютером и удаленными блоками в системе для ответного реагирования участников, содержащей по меньшей мере один хостовый компьютер и множество беспроводных удаленных блоков, осуществляющих беспроводную связь с указанным хостовым компьютером с использованием протокола радиопередачи пакетов, включающий: ! упаковку сообщений с данными, предназначенных, по существу, для всех удаленных блоков, в кадры общей трансляции и передачу указанных кадров общей трансляции всем указанным удаленным блокам для обработки этих данных указанными удаленными блоками; ! асинхронную передачу сообщений с данными, предназначенных для одного или более выбранных удаленных блоков, в кадрах сообщения, адресованных указанному одному или более выбранным удаленным блокам; ! и ! асинхронную передачу из удаленных блоков сообщений с данными, предназначенных для указанного хостового компьютера, в кадрах сообщений. ! 2. Способ по ...

ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ МНОГОАДРЕСНАЯ ШИРОКОВЕЩАТЕЛЬНАЯ ПЕРЕДАЧА ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ПАКЕТНЫХ ДАННЫХ

... 1. Устройство для многоадресных передач, которые минимизируют ресурсы каналов, содержащее элемент памяти и процессорный элемент, предназначенный для выполнения множества инструкций, хранимых в элементе памяти, при этом множество инструкций предназначено для генерирования идентификатора для группы абонентов, причем идентификатор предназначен для доступа к многоадресной услуге, использования информации о качестве каналов, по меньшей мере, для одного абонента, чтобы определить синхронизацию многоадресной услуги для группы абонентов, и передачи идентификатора и многоадресной услуги, по меньшей мере, по одному каналу, причем многоадресную услугу передают в соответствии с синхронизацией, определенной с помощью информации о качестве каналов. 2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что передача идентификатора и многоадресной услуги по меньшей мере по одному каналу включает в себя передачу идентификатора по первому каналу и передачу многоадресной услуги по второму каналу. 3. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся ...

EFFIZIENTES MULTICASTING FÜR PAKETDATENSYSTEME

VERTEILUNG VON ELEKTRONISCHER POST AM RAND

Verfahren zum Mehrfachsenden

ÜBERTRAGUNGSEMULATOR FÜR LOKALES NETZ

VERTEILTE VERBINDUNGSORIENTIERTE DIENSTE FÜR VERMITTELTE FERNMELDENETZ

Multi-stream communication

A method for reducing bandwidth used in multiple transmissions on a cellular network includes mapping at least one request of at least one end-device 106, 107, 108 to a unicast channel between a server 103 and an intermediary 101 in the network, creating a correlated multicast communication channel between the intermediary and the at least one end-device, and transferring (or converting) data from the unicast channel 102 to a multicast channel 105b at the intermediary. The intermediary may be an edge device such as a base station, enodeB or Radio Network Controller or the like. The decision to switch from delivery of content by unicast to multicast instead to combine requests to content may be made for efficient use of the available network bandwidth. Consideration could be given to comparing the number of connection requests to a threshold, comparing the number of devices connected to the server to a threshold, determining the level of traffic between the server and the devices or determining ...

Improvements in telegraphic systems

... 334,686. Lorenz Akt.-Ges., C. Feb. 6, 1929, [Convention date]. Transmitting systems for code telegraphy.- Two or more conference circuits for telegraphy are aranged in cascade. Each conference circuit may comprise polarized retramsmitting relays A1, A2, A3, adapted to receive a discharge from the condenser CO each time the key ST is closed, and to pass on the signals simultaneously to several subscribers' lines TL, a, trunk line VL, and a line KL leading to a further similar conference circuit which is thus arranged in cascade and feeds a number of subscribers' lines TL1, TL2 and, if desired, a further conference line. The circuit is suitable for fire calls and similar omnibus messages.

Server side tftp flow control

Virtual local area network (vlan)-based membership for multicast vlan registration

A network node that includes a memory to store a multicast forwarding table that contains entries that govern how multicast traffic is to be forwarded from a multicast virtual local area network (MVLAN) associated with the network node, to receiver VLANs associated with the network node, where each entry includes a multicast group, that is associated with a group of ports on the multicast VLAN via which the multicast traffic is received, and information associated with the receiver VLANs to which the received multicast traffic is to be sent. The network node also includes a processor to receive multicast traffic associated with a particular multicast group, via a particular port on the multicast VLAN; perform, using the multicast forwarding table, a look up operation, based on the particular multicast group, to determine to which of the receiver VLANs the multicast traffic is to be sent; and transmit the multicast traffic, associated with the particular multicast group, to user devices, via the receiver VLANs, based on a determination that the entry, associated with the particular multicast group, includes information associated with the receiver VLANs.

Overlay transport virtualization

In one embodiment, an apparatus includes one or more internal interfaces in communication with one or more network devices in a first network site through a Layer 2 link, an overlay interface in communication through a Layer 3 link with a core network connected to one or more other network sites, and a table mapping addresses for network devices in the other network sites to addresses of edge devices in the same network site as the network device. The apparatus further includes a processor operable to encapsulate a packet received at one of the internal interfaces and destined for one of the network devices in the other network sites, with an IP header including a destination address of the edge device mapped to the destination network device, and forward the encapsulated packet to the core network.

Changing Bandwidth Usage Based on User Events

Once an active video conference is set up and a user is viewing the active video conference at a video terminal, the video terminal looks for different events that indicate a change in focus of the user to or from the active video conference. For example, the user brings up another application and starts using the application or the user has minimized a window that is displaying the active video conference. The video terminal sends a change of focus message based on the event to a video conference bridge or another video terminal that is streaming the active video conference to the user. The video conference bridge/video terminal processes the message and changes video portion of the stream of the active video conference based on the message. The result is that there is improved use of bandwidth between the video terminal and the video conference bridge/video terminal.

Method and apparatus for processing a multicast packet

The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of computer networks, and disclose a method and an apparatus for processing a multicast packet. The method includes receiving a multicast packet, acquiring a local router interface corresponding to the multicast packet according to a multicast routing entry carried in the multicast packet, and forwarding the multicast packet through the acquired local router interface to a clustered routing system interface for further transfer. The embodiments of the present invention can cluster several routing devices into a virtual routing system which externally acts as a single routing node for supporting a multicast service, so as to implement the efficient and reliable forwarding of the multicast packet in a clustered routing system with virtual aggregation, and enable the clustered routing system to support the multicast service with high efficiency and quality.

Method, device and system for implementing multicast

A method for implementing multicast includes: receiving or generating an internet group management protocol IGMP packet; judging whether the packet is a first join packet or a last leave packet of a multicast group, and adding an identifier indicating whether the IGMP packet is a first join packet or a last leave packet of a multicast group to the IGMP packet, where the identifier is used for a subsequent entity not to perform multicast processing on the IGMP packet when judging that the IGMP packet is not the first join packet or the last leave packet of the multicast group according to the identifier; and forwarding the IGMP packet to the subsequent entity. Therefore, the packet processing pressure on the network apparatus is relieved, and meanwhile, the IGMP packet requirements in the practical network are met.

System and method for managing items in a list shared by a group of mobile devices

A method and system are provided for operating a mobile device, the method comprising: reading a barcode being displayed by another mobile device, to identify a group, by capturing at least one image of the barcode; and joining the group identified by the barcode. Another method and system are provided, the method comprising: storing a barcode on the mobile device, the barcode identifying a group; and displaying the barcode on a display of the mobile device such that the entire barcode is visible on the display to enable another mobile device to scan the barcode to join the group. Another method and system are provided, the method comprising: reading a barcode being displayed by another mobile device, to identify an individual associated with the other mobile device, by capturing at least one image of the barcode; and inviting the individual identified by the barcode to join a group.

ETHERNET RING NODE WITH IMPROVED RECOVERY TIME AFTER A LINK FAILURE

The invention relates to an Ethernet ring node () comprising a plurality of ports including at least two ring ports and at least one non-ring port. The Ethernet ring node comprises a multicast list including information on which port multicast traffic belonging to a multicast group should be sent. A control unit is provided configured to control a traffic distribution of multicast traffic to the different ports of the Ethernet ring node based on the information provided in the multicast list. Furthermore, a detector is provided detecting a topology change of the Ethernet ring in which the Ethernet ring node is provided. When such a topology change is detected, all multicast traffic is transmitted to the at least two ring ports for a predefined period of time, and multicast traffic transmitted to the non-ring ports is transmitted in accordance with the information provided in the multicast list. 1. An Ethernet ring node comprising:a plurality of ports, the ports including at least two ring ports among the plurality of ports and at least one non-ring port, each ring port being configured to connect the Ethernet ring node to an adjacent Ethernet ring node,a multicast list including information on which port which kind of multicast traffic belonging to a multicast group should be sent,a control unit configured to control a traffic distribution of multicast traffic to the different ports of the Ethernet ring node based on the information provided in the multicast list, anda detector configured to detect a topology change of the Ethernet ring in which the Ethernet ring node is provided, wherein, the control unit is configured such that, in response to the detector detecting a topology change, the control unit i) transmits all multicast traffic to the at least two ring ports for a predefined period of time, ii) transmits multicast traffic to the at least one non-ring port in accordance with the information provided in the multicast list, iii) clears the information in the ...

Multicast method and multicast device

The present invention provides a multicast method and a multicast device. The method includes: receiving a multicast request from a user, where the multicast request includes multicast channel information and a user VLAN tag; selecting a first target multicast VLAN from pre-configured multiple multicast VLANs; after replacing the user VLAN tag in the multicast request with the first target multicast VLAN tag, forwarding the multicast request to a multicast router; receiving multicast traffic sent by the multicast router through the first target multicast VLAN, and forwarding the multicast traffic to the user. In the present invention, a target multicast VLAN is selected according to multicast channel information, so that multicast requests for the same multicast channel can be added to the same multicast VLAN. In this way, only one copy of multicast traffic of the same channel exists on a local area network, thereby saving network bandwidth resources.

Distributed Cache - Adaptive Multicast Architecture for Bandwidth Reduction

Disclosed is a method and system for maximizing the use of available bandwidth on an ISP communication system between an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and remote locations where at least one of the remote locations has a remote cache. An embodiment may create a pool of the cacheable objects being sent to the remote locations from the downstream traffic. An embodiment may determine bandwidth savings for each object in the pool of cacheable objects that would be achieved by remotely caching each object and prioritize the pool of cacheable objects based on the determined bandwidth savings for each object. An embodiment may create a queue of objects to multicast to the remote caches based on the pool of cacheable objects and the remaining multicast bandwidth and then multicast the queue to the remote caches. The remote caches may intercept and reply to requests for objects held in the remote cache without accessing the ISP communication system, thus, saving bandwidth on the ISP communication system.

Correlative anticipatory deltacasting

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for improving utilization of a communications system (e.g., a satellite communications system) are provided through techniques referred to herein as “deltacasting.” Some embodiments use a server-side optimizer to intercept and create fingerprints of byte-level content data traversing links of the communications system. The content fingerprints are used to transparently identify communications patterns (e.g., repetitious downloads of the same content, correlations between users, etc.), which may then be used in exploiting multicasting and/or other opportunities for increased utilization of the communication links.

Method for processing multicast group, dci router and system

The present invention provides a method for processing a multicast group, a DCI router, and a system. A data center interconnect (DCI) router of a first DC acquires multicast group information of a subnet in the first DC, where a first protocol is used for communications in the first DC; and sends a multicast processing request message encapsulated by a second protocol to a second DC, where the multicast processing request message includes the multicast group information. In this way, multicast groups in different DCs having same multicast group information establish a connection to form a cross-DC multicast group, and VMs in the same multicast group distributed in different DCs can implement cross-DC communicating.

FABRIC CHIP HAVING A PORT RESOLUTION MODULE

A fabric chip includes a plurality of port interfaces, wherein each of the plurality of port interfaces includes a network chip interface (NCI) block having a port resolution module, and wherein the port resolution module is to determine which of the port interfaces is to receive a packet from the NCI block, and a crossbar block communicatively coupled with each of the NCI blocks in the plurality of port interfaces. 1. A fabric chip comprising:a plurality of port interfaces, wherein each of the plurality of port interfaces includes a network chip interface (NCI) block having a port resolution module, and wherein the port resolution module is to determine which of the port interfaces is to receive a packet from the NCI block; anda crossbar block communicatively coupled with each of the NCI blocks in the plurality of port interfaces.2. The fabric chip according to claim 1 , wherein the packet contains an identification of at least one destination node chip that is to receive the packet claim 1 , and wherein the port resolution module is to determine which of at least one of the port interfaces is to receive the packet based upon a comparison of the node chips contained in the identification and a preprogrammed correlation between the interface ports and the destination node chips.3. The fabric chip according to claim 2 , wherein the NCI block is composed of a network chip receiving (NCR) block and a network chip transmitting (NCX) block claim 2 , and wherein the NCR block contains the port resolution module.4. The fabric chip according to claim 2 , wherein the NCX block comprises a node pruning module to prune the identification by removing a destination node chip from the identification to which a multicast packet has been delivered prior to the multicast packet being delivered to another fabric chip.5. A switch fabric comprising:a first node chip;a destination node chip; anda first fabric chip comprising a plurality of port interfaces, wherein the first node chip is ...

ADAPTIVE MULTICAST NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS

This disclosure is directed to techniques for internet group management protocol tunneling. This may be done by electing, by each of a plurality of multicast gateways in a subnet, a designated router in the subnet. The designated router sends internet group management protocol queries to at least one router in the subnet. The designated router further tunnels internet group management protocol reports. 1. A method for internet group management protocol tunneling , the method comprising:electing, by each of a plurality of multicast gateways in a subnet, a designated router in the subnet;sending, by the designated router, internet group management protocol queries to at least one router in the subnet; andtunneling, to the designated router, internet group management protocol reports.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subnet has a preconfigured default gateway claim 1 , and wherein electing the designated router comprises electing a default gateway router as the designated router.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of multicast gateways in the subnet discover one another through a unicast routing protocol claim 1 , and wherein electing the designated router comprises electing a highest-addressed gateway router as the designated router.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subnet is a broadcast-capable radio subnet claim 1 , wherein sending the internet group management protocol queries comprises sending the internet group management protocol queries via a broadcast claim 1 , and wherein electing the designated router comprises:sending first-in-first-out registration messages via broadcast amongst each of the plurality of multicast gateways in the subnet;sorting, by each of the plurality of multicast gateways, the one or more routers according to IP addresses; andelecting, by each of the plurality of multicast gateways, a gateway router as the designated router based on the sorted IP addresses.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subnet is a ...

Localizing a Multicast Service

Systems and methods of providing zero configuration (zeroconf) networking by a processor according to some embodiments of the inventions here may include bridging a zeroconf multicast service discovery query from a first multicast domain to a second multicast domain, and receiving a multicast service advertisement of the second multicast domain at the first multicast domain in response to the bridged multicast service discovery query. 1. A method of providing zero configuration (zeroconf) networking , comprising the steps of:bridging a zeroconf multicast service discovery query by a gateway from a first multicast domain to a second multicast domain; andreceiving a multicast service advertisement of the second multicast domain at the first multicast domain in response to the bridged multicast service discovery query.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:establishing a zeroconf connection for multicast packets between the first multicast domain and the second multicast domain based on the received multicast service advertisement.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multicast domains are Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) mapped to separate service set identifiers (SSIDs).4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:fencing access to a zeroconf service from the second multicast domain to the first multicast domain by the gateway on the basis of a pre-determined proximity.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pre-determined proximity includes at least one of a proximity to an access point (AP) claim 4 , AP group claim 4 , radio frequency (RF) neighbors claim 4 , and geographic area.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:fencing access to a zeroconf service from the second multicast domain to the first multicast domain by the gateway on the basis of a set of predetermined multicast addresses.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:filtering by the gateway the bridged multicast communication for service between the first multicast domain and the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PROVIDE MULTICAST GROUP MEMBERSHIP DEFINED RELATIVE TO PARTITION MEMBERSHIP IN A HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Systems and methods for providing multicast group (MCG) membership relative to partition membership in a high performance computing environment. In accordance with an embodiment, by allowing a subnet manager of a local subnet to be instructed that all ports that are members of the relevant partition should be set up as members for a specific multicast group, the SM can perform a more efficient multicast-routing process. It is also possible to limit the IB client interaction with subnet administration conventionally required to handle join and leave operations. Additionally, subnet manager overhead can be reduced by creating a spanning tree for the routing of multicast packets that includes each of the partition members added to the multicast group, instead of creating a spanning tree after each multicast group join request is received, as conventionally required. 1. A method for providing multicast group membership defined relative to partition membership in a high performance computing environment , comprising:receiving, by a subnet manager of a subnet, a request to create a multicast group, the request being associated with a partition, the request indicating that each member of the partition should be included in the multicast group;determining, by the subnet manager, than the request to create the multicast group is an initial request;allocating, by the subnet manager, a multicast local identifier for the multicast group;gathering, by the subnet manager, each member of the partition from a cached topology; andadding each member of the partition to the multicast group.2. The method of claim 1 ,wherein each member of the partition is an end node, wherein each member end node comprises a same partition key.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:generating, by the subnet manager, a spanning tree, the spanning tree including each member of the partition.4. The method of claim 3 ,wherein the subnet comprises a plurality of switches, wherein each switch ...

EGRESS NODE PROTECTION FOR BROADCAST, UNKNOWN UNICAST, OR MULTICAST TRAFFIC IN EVPN TOPOLOGIES

A first device may receive network traffic including a first label. The first label may be an inclusive multicast label associated with a second device. The second device may be a designated forwarder for an Ethernet segment. The first device may determine a second label based on receiving the network traffic including the first label. The second label may be used to route the network traffic to a customer edge device, via a third device, rather than the second device. The third device may be a non-designated forwarder for the Ethernet segment. The first device may provide the network traffic, including the second label, to the third device to permit the third device to provide, via the Ethernet segment, the network traffic to the customer edge device based on the second label when a failure occurs in association with the second device. 120-. (canceled)21. A first device , comprising:one or more memories; and establish a peering session with a second device;', 'the second device being a designated forwarder for an Ethernet segment associated with an Ethernet virtual private network instance;', 'determine a failure associated with the second device,'}, the first label being a multicast label associated with the second device,', 'the network traffic being broadcast, unknown unicast, or multicast traffic associated with the Ethernet virtual private network instance;, 'receive network traffic including a first label,'}, 'the second label being used to route the network traffic to a customer edge device, via a third device rather than the second device, in an event of the failure associated with the second device; and', 'determine a second label based on the first label and based on determining the failure associated with the second device,'}, 'provide the network traffic, including the second label, to the third device to permit the third device to provide, via the Ethernet segment, the network traffic to the customer edge device based on the second label., 'one or more ...

Enhancement to the IS-IS protocol for eliminating unwanted network traffic

Systems and methods for enhancing a routing protocol of a telecommunications network are provided. In one embodiment, a method for enhancing the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) routing protocol is provided. The method includes receiving a packet from a first peer device on a network; determining whether a mismatch exists in an authentication of the packet from the first peer device; and responsive to an authentication mismatch, sending a flush instruction to a plurality of peer devices on the network to remove any link state packets from the first peer device. The plurality of peer devices are configured to remove all link state packets from the first peer device regardless of a type of authentication and a type of mismatch.

Information Acquisition Using A Scalable Wireless Geocast Protocol

Information is acquired from a geographically-distributed sensor network using a scalable wireless geocast protocol. Geographically distributed networks of unattended sensors are placed at desired locations to collect various types of information, such as, for example, environmental parameters, temperature, humidity, rainfall, heat signatures, video, audio, seismic activity, and/or wind conditions. To acquire information, a query is provided to the geographic area at which the sensors are located utilizing the geocast protocol. Delivery of the query is based on a physical location of a region in which a sensor network is located, the type of information being queried, and/or temporal conditions. Each sensor that receives a query determines if all requirements/conditions are satisfied. If so, the query is accepted and processed by the recipient sensor, and responded to accordingly. Responses to queries are provided via the geocast protocol. 1. A sensor comprising:a processor; and receiving in a mobile ad hoc network, a query message comprising a request for information, the query message comprising an indication of a region of intended reception of the query message, the region defined by a first defined size;', 'altering, by the sensor, the region of the first defined size to a region of a second defined size based on a number of sensors in the region of the first defined size; and', 'responsive to determining that the sensor is within the region of the second defined size, responding to the query message., 'memory coupled with the processor, the memory comprising executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising2. The sensor of claim 1 , further operations comprising:upon a determination that the sensor is within the region of the second defined size;determining if the query message comprises an indication of a type of information being sought; determining if the sensor is capable of obtaining the ...

Method, Device, and System for Transmitting Multicast Packet

A method, a device, and a system for transmitting a multicast packet are provided. The method includes: when a device that is in a source subnet and that is connected to a core network receives a multicast packet of a target multicast group, determining addresses of devices that are in a plurality of destination subnets corresponding to the target multicast group and that are connected to the core network, replicating the multicast packet, to obtain a plurality of multicast packets whose quantity is equal to a quantity of the plurality of destination subnets, separately adding outer encapsulation to each multicast packet, and forwarding the multicast packet to which the outer encapsulation is added, where a destination address in the outer encapsulation is an address of a device that is in each destination subnet and that is connected to the core network. 1. A method for transmitting a multicast packet , wherein the method is applied to a device that is in a source subnet corresponding to a target multicast group and that is connected to a core network , and the method comprises:when a multicast packet of the target multicast group is received, determining addresses of devices that are in a plurality of destination subnets corresponding to the target multicast group and that are connected to the core network, and replicating the multicast packet to obtain a plurality of multicast packets whose quantity is equal to a quantity of the plurality of destination subnets; andseparately adding outer encapsulation to each multicast packet, and forwarding the multicast packet to which the outer encapsulation is added, wherein a destination address in the outer encapsulation is an address of a device that is in each destination subnet and that is connected to the core network.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein when a multicast packet of the target multicast group is received claim 1 , the determining addresses of devices that are in a plurality of destination subnets ...

Transmission of digital audio signals using an internet protocol

Described is a network system and method of use for distributing audiovisual data. The network comprises two or more audio sinks, each of the audio sinks having a corresponding audio format capability, a first source adapted to generate and transmit audiovisual data, wherein the audiovisual data includes an audio file formatted with a first audio format capability, and the at least one source being further adapted to transmit the audiovisual data to the two or more audio sinks through the network system using both an high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) and internet protocol (IP), and a first transmitter adapted to receive the transmitted audiovisual data from the first source. The first transmitter is further adapted to generate two or more transmission streams of audiovisual data, wherein each of the two or more audiovisual data transmission streams include audio data formatted according to the audio format capability of the audio sink to which it is being transmitted.

TRANSMISSION TERMINAL, TRANSMISSION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM STORING TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM

A transmission terminal that communicates contents data including sound data with a counterpart transmission terminal, detects a delay time indicating a delay in receiving the contents data from the counterpart transmission terminal, and interrupts transmission of the contents data other than the sound data to the counterpart transmission terminal when the delay time exceeds a predetermined value. 1. A transmission terminal that communicates contents data including sound data with a counterpart transmission terminal , comprising:a network interface configured to receive contents data from the counterpart transmission terminal, and to transmit contents data to the counterpart transmission terminal; anda processor configured to detect a delay time indicating a delay in receiving the contents data from the counterpart transmission terminal,wherein, when the delay time exceeds a predetermined value, the processor causes the network interface to interrupt transmission of the contents data other than the sound data.2. The transmission terminal of claim 1 , wherein the processor causes the network interface to interrupt transmission of image data included in the contents data.3. The transmission terminal of claim 2 , further comprising:an imaging unit configured to capture an image of an object at the transmission terminal, wherein the image captured by the imaging unit is included in the contents data for transmission to the counterpart transmission terminal.4. The transmission terminal of claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , when the delay time exceeds the predetermined value claim 3 , the processor causes the imaging unit to interrupt capturing of the image of the object.5. A method of controlling transmission of contents data including sound data to a counterpart transmission terminal claim 3 , performed by a transmission terminal claim 3 , the method comprising:receiving contents data from the counterpart transmission terminal;detecting a delay time indicating a delay in ...

MANAGING MULTICAST GROUP TRAFFIC

Some examples relate to managing multicast group traffic. In an example, a switch anchor controller receives a request for a multicast group from an associated network switch in a multicast-capable network. The associated network switch registers to the switch anchor controller in the multicast-capable network. In response to the request, the switch anchor controller selects a non-anchor controller in the multicast-capable network to serve the multicast group to the associated network switch. The switch anchor controller provides the information related to the non-anchor controller to the associated network switch, which in response creates a specific multicast tunnel between the associated network switch and the non-anchor controller to transfer multicast traffic related to the multicast group. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a switch anchor controller, a request for a multicast group from an associated network switch in a multicast-capable network comprising a cluster of controllers, wherein multicast groups in the multicast-capable network are distributed among controllers of the cluster in a manner that avoids duplicate multicast groups among the controllers, wherein the associated network switch registers to the switch anchor controller in the multicast-capable network;in response to the request, selecting, by the switch anchor controller, a non-anchor controller in the cluster of controllers to serve the multicast group to the associated network switch; andproviding, by the switch anchor controller, information related to the non-anchor controller to the associated network switch, wherein in response to the information a specific multicast tunnel is created between the associated network switch and the non-anchor controller to transfer multicast traffic related to the multicast group.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting includes selecting includes selecting the non-anchor controller based on a priority of traffic associated with the multicast ...

DISTRIBUTED MULTICAST LOGICAL ROUTER

Some embodiments provide a method for configuring a set of MFEs to implement a distributed multicast logical router and multiple logical switches to process the multicast data messages. The method sends, from a managed forwarding element (MFE) implementing the distributed multicast logical router, a multicast group query to a set of data compute nodes (DCNs) that are logically connected to one of several logical switches and that execute on the same host machine as the managed forwarding element. The method receives multicast group reports from a subset of the set of DCNs and at least one of the multicast group reports specifies a multicast group of interest. The method distributes, to a set of MFEs executing on other host machines, a summarized multicast group report specifying a set of multicast groups of interest to the first MFE (i.e., multicast groups that the first MFE participates in). 1. For a first managed forwarding element (MFE) , that executes on a first host machine to implement a distributed logical router , a method comprising:sending a multicast group query to a set of data compute nodes (DCNs) executing on the first host machine that are logically connected to a plurality of logical switches that connect to the distributed logical router;receiving multicast group reports from a subset of the set of DCNs, wherein at least one of the multicast group reports specifies a multicast group of interest to the DCN from which the report is received;distributing, to a set of MFEs executing on other host machines, a summarized multicast group report specifying a set of multicast groups of interest for the first MFE.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of multicast groups of interest for the first MFE includes multicast groups specified in the received multicast group reports.3. The method of further comprising:receiving a multicast group query from a particular MFE executing on a host machine acting as an edge node; andresponding, as a multicast group ...

Distributed multicast logical router

For a managed network implementing at least one logical router having centralized and distributed components, some embodiments provide a method for processing multicast data messages at a first managed forwarding element (MFE) executing on a first host machine that implements a distributed multicast logical router and multiple logical switches logically connected to the logical router in conjunction with a set of additional MFEs executing on additional host machines. The method replicates multicast data messages received from a source data compute node (DCN), operating on the first host machine, that logically connects to a first logical switch of the multiple logical switches. The method replicates the multicast data message to a set of DCNs in the multicast group in the logical network without routing through a centralized local multicast router.

Using a central controller cluster to configure a distributed multicast logical router

For a managed network implementing at least one logical router having centralized and distributed components, some embodiments provide a method for configuring a managed forwarding element (MFE) executing on a first host machine to implement a distributed multicast logical router and multiple logical switches logically connected to the logical router in conjunction with a set of additional MFEs executing on additional host machines to process multicast data messages. The method receives a multicast group report from a data compute node (DCN) that executes on the first host, sends a summarized multicast group report indicating multicast groups joined by DCNs executing on the first host to a set of central controllers, receives data based on an aggregated multicast group report from the set of central controllers, and uses the data based on the aggregated multicast group report to configure the MFE to implement the distributed multicast logical router.

MESSAGE BROADCASTING IN A CLUSTERED COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Approaches are provided for message broadcasting within a clustered computing environment such as a Cloud computing environment. Specifically, a message is received in a message queue (e.g., on a message queue server). From the message queue, the message is sent to a single node of a plurality of nodes within the clustered computing environment. The single node can be selected based on factors such as a best available node within the plurality of nodes. This single node will process the message and identify a set of message listeners to whom the message should be broadcast (e.g., based on a topic of the message and an association of the topic to the set of message listeners). The single node will then publish the message to the set of message listeners. Delivery confirmations, responses, etc. associated with the message will then be tracked, processed, and/or routed by the single node. 1. A method for message broadcasting in a clustered computing environment , comprising:receiving a message in a message queue;selecting a single node from a plurality of nodes in the clustered computing environment;processing the message on the single node;identifying a subset of a set of message listeners to receive the message based on a topic of the message using the single node;broadcasting the message to the subset of message listeners from the single node;publishing, by the single node, the message to the subset of message listeners;tracking, by the single node, at least one of: a message delivery and a response, from at least one message listener of the subset of message listeners; androuting, by the single node, the at least one of: a message delivery and a response, from the at least one message listener of the subset of message listeners.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , based on responses received at the single node from the set of message listeners claim 1 , tracking a receipt of the message by the set of message listeners at the single node.3. The ...

Fabric Chip Having Trunked Links

A fabric chip includes a plurality of port interfaces, in which each of the plurality of port interfaces includes a network chip interface (NCI) block having a port resolution module to determine which of the port interfaces is to receive a packet from the NCI block and a crossbar block communicatively coupled with each of the NCI blocks in the plurality of port interfaces. In addition, at least two of the plurality of port interfaces are to be connected to at least two port interfaces of another fabric chip as trunked links of a trunk. Moreover, the NCI blocks of the at least two of the plurality of port interfaces include a resource that keeps track of the port interfaces in the fabric chip that are connected to the trunk links of the trunk. 1. A fabric chip comprising: a network chip interface (NCI) block having a port resolution module to determine which of the port interfaces is to receive a packet from the NCI block; and', 'a crossbar block communicatively coupled with each of the NCI blocks in the plurality of port interfaces; and, 'a plurality of port interfaces, wherein each of the plurality of port interfaces includes,'}wherein at least two of the plurality of port interfaces are to be connected to at least two port interfaces of another fabric chip as trunked links of a trunk, and wherein the NCI blocks of the at least two of the plurality of port interfaces include a resource that keeps track of the port interfaces in the fabric chip that are connected to the trunked links of the trunk.2. The fabric chip according to claim 1 , wherein the resource comprises a bit-mask claim 1 , wherein each bit in the bit-mask corresponds to one of the port interfaces of the fabric chip.3. The fabric chip according to claim 1 , wherein the packet contains a destination-node-chip-mask that indicates which of the plurality of node chips the packet is to be transmitted claim 1 , and wherein the port resolution module is to implement a port resolution operation to determine ...

MULTICAST TRAFFIC ACROSS VIRTUAL NETWORKS (VNs)

Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The method computer program products, and systems can include, for instance: receiving, by a Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) of a first virtual network (VN), a multicast packet from a virtual machine (VM) of the first virtual network (VN); determining, by the NVE, whether the NVE currently supports forwarding the multicast packet to a second NVE of a second virtual network (VN), the second virtual network (VN) being logically separated from the first virtual network (VN); responsively to determining that the NVE currently supports forwarding the multicast packet to a second NVE of a second virtual network (VN) forwarding, by the NVE, the multicast packet to the second NVE. 1. A method comprising:receiving, by a Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) of a first virtual network (VN), a multicast packet from a virtual machine (VM) of the first virtual network (VN);determining, by the NVE, whether the NVE currently supports forwarding the multicast packet to a second NVE of a second virtual network (VN), the second virtual network (VN) being logically separated from the first virtual network (VN); andresponsively to determining that the NVE currently does not support forwarding the multicast packet to a second NVE of a second virtual network (VN) sending, by the NVE, a registration request to a network virtualization authority (NVA) for registering the NVE to support sending of multicast packets, wherein the registration request includes an identifier for the NVE and a multicast Group IP address of the multicast packet; and receiving, by the NVE, in response to the registration request a forwarding table supporting multicast packet communication between the first virtual network and the second virtual network.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NVA has a database that associates for a first Group IP address an NVE registered to send multicast packets having the first Group IP address and a plurality of ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION OF OVER-THE-TOP STREAMS OVER FIXED-LINE NETWORKS

A method and system for delivery of over-the-top (OTT) streams over a fixed-line network are provided. The method comprises monitoring OTT streams flow in the fixed-line network; determining if the delivery of at least one of the monitored OTT streams improves the efficiency of the fixed-line network when the at least one of the OTT streams is delivered in a multicast format; reformatting the at least one of the OTT streams into a multicast OTT stream; instructing user edge devices connected to the fixed-line network to expect the reception of the multicast OTT stream; and delivering the multicast OTT stream to the user edge devices over the fixed-line network. 1. A method for delivery of over-the-top (OTT) streams over a fixed-line network , comprising:monitoring OTT streams flow in the fixed-line network;determining if the delivery of at least one of the monitored OTT streams improves the efficiency of the fixed-line network when the at least one of the OTT streams is delivered in a multicast format;reformatting the at least one of the OTT streams into a multicast OTT stream;instructing user edge devices connected to the fixed-line network to expect the reception of the multicast OTT stream; anddelivering the multicast OTT stream to the user edge devices over the fixed-line network.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:computing a multicast network efficiency factor indicating the efficiency of delivery of an OTT stream in a multicast format over the fixed-line network.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining if the delivery of the at least one of the monitored OTT streams in a multicast format improves the efficiency of the fixed-line network further comprising:determining whether the at least one of the OTT streams is a multicast-able OTT stream.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the multicast-able OTT stream is any one of: a live OTT stream claim 3 , a linear OTT stream claim 3 , and a replicated OTT stream.5. The method of claim 3 , further ...

Terminal and multicast address distribution server

A terminal includes a unit configured to send, to a multicast address distribution server, an assignment request including attribute information of the terminal, so as to request assignment of a multicast address enabling identification of a terminal group; and a unit configured to set, in response to the assignment of the multicast address, the multicast address in the terminal and make the terminal to participate in the terminal group corresponding to the multicast address. When a change in the attribute information is detected, the terminal reissues a second assignment request including the attribute information after change, so as to request the multicast address distribution server for a new multicast address and change terminal group for participation according to change in the attribute information.

INJECTION LIMITING AND WAVE SYNCHRONIZATION FOR SCALABLE IN-NETWORK COMPUTATION

A network device configured to perform scalable, in-network computations is described. The network device is configured to process pull requests and/or push requests from a plurality of endpoints connected to the network. A collective communication primitive from a particular endpoint can be received at a network device. The collective communication primitive is associated with a multicast region of a shared global address space and is mapped to a plurality of participating endpoints. The network device is configured to perform an in-network computation based on information received from the participating endpoints before forwarding a response to the collective communication primitive back to one or more of the participating endpoints. An injection policy comprising the issuing of credits enables each endpoint to limit the amount of collective communication primitives injected into the network simultaneously to reduce network congestion caused by increased network traffic due to the multicast capability of the network devices. 1. A method for allocating credits to a requesting entity that enable one or more collective communication primitives for a wave to be injected into a network , the method comprising:receiving, at a wave controller of an endpoint, a credit request for one or more credits to be allocated to the requesting entity;allocating, by the wave controller, a counter configured to count a number of responses corresponding to the one or more collective communication primitives received by the endpoint; andtransmitting the one or more credits to the requesting entity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wave includes a plurality of collective communication primitives claim 1 , and a size of the wave is determined by an offload engine based on a number of collective communication primitives associated with an offload request and a maximum size of a wave.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wave controller includes a counter register that stores a ...

Supporting multicast in noc interconnect

Example implementations are directed to more efficiently delivering a multicast message to multiple destination components from a source component. Multicast environment is achieved with transmission of a single message from a source component, which gets replicated in the NoC during routing towards the destination components indicated in the message. Example implementations further relate to an efficient way of implementing multicast in any given NoC topology, wherein one or more multicast trees in the given NoC topology are formed and one of these trees are used for routing a multicast message to its intended destination components mentioned therein.

PROCESSING OF MULTICAST TRAFFIC IN COMPUTER NETWORKS

Each router in a group of routers (R.R.) includes an interface (P) assigned a common virtual address for multicast (VAM). The common VAM is advertised in router advertisings for multicast traffic; other addresses are advertised for unicast. The member routers in the group share multicast forwarding databases. Increased throughput is therefore provided for multicast traffic without traffic replication. Any router in the group can service requests from end-point sources and receivers of multicast traffic, e.g. requests to join or leave a multicast group, or requests presented as multicast packets for forwarding to a multicast group. 1. A method comprising performing operations by a first switch comprising a plurality of interfaces , the operations comprising:forwarding data packets on the interfaces, each data packet comprising a destination address constructed according to a predefined protocol, the destination address being a unicast address or a multicast address, each data packet being forwarded based on the data packet's destination address;transmitting control packets on the interfaces, the control packets identifying the first switch by addresses constructed according to said predefined protocol, wherein for at least one said interface:the control packets transmitted on the interface comprise control packets transmitted according to a unicast protocol and control packets transmitted according to a multicast protocol; andthe control packets transmitted according to the unicast protocol identify the first switch by one or more first addresses constructed according to said predefined protocol, the control packets transmitted according to the multicast protocol identify the first switch by one or more second addresses constructed according to said predefined protocol which are different from any of the one or more first addresses.2. The method of wherein for at least one said interface claim 1 , no control packets are transmitted on the interface according to the ...

MULTICAST SERVICE WITH IS-IS SPINE-LEAF EXTENSION IN A FABRIC NETWORK

Aspects of the embodiments are directed to systems, methods, and network elements executing instructions stored thereon. Aspects are directed to, for each spine node connected to a leaf node network element, identifying a spine router identifier, identifying a multicast group address, computing a plurality of hash values based on a hash function using the spine router identifier and the multicast group address, identifying a root spine node based on a highest hash value from the plurality of hash values; and transmitting an IS-IS message to root spine node indicating election of spine node as the root spine node. 1. A computer-readable non-transitory medium comprising one or more instructions for a leaf node to identify a root spine node for intermediate-system to intermediate-system multicast packet handling , the instructions when executed on a processor are operable to:for each spine node connected to a leaf node network element, identify a spine router identifier;identify a multicast group address;compute a plurality of hash values based on a hash function using the spine router identifier and the multicast group address;identify a root spine node based on a highest hash value from the plurality of hash values; andtransmit an IS-IS message to root spine node indicating election of spine node as the root spine node.2. The computer-readable non-transitory medium of claim 1 , wherein the multicast group address comprises an internal fabric IP multicast group.3. The computer-readable non-transitory medium of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further operable when executed to:perform a snoop on one or more multicast group members;identify a customer multicast groups; andconvert the customer multicast group into an internal fabric internet protocol (IP) multicast group using a hash function.4. The computer-readable non-transitory medium of claim 3 , wherein the instructions are further operable when executed to:receive a multicast packet;encapsulate the multicast ...

System and method for providing a messaging cluster with hybrid partitions

Described herein is a system and method for providing a messaging cluster with hybrid partitions. In accordance with an embodiment, a computer environment or messaging system includes a cluster of message brokers, which supports a hybrid of one or more fixed type partitions and/or on-demand type partitions. A message producer can be associated with a configuration that indicates a type of partition to be used for connection with that message producer. The cluster of message brokers assign to that connection a partition of the type indicated by the connection. Upon a load-balancing or failover of a message broker having active connections to message producers, those connections having an indication of fixed type partition are assigned to the same partition at a failed-over message broker, while those connections having an indication of on-demand type partition can be assigned to any on-demand partition at the failed-over message broker.

SOURCE ROUTING IN MULTICAST TRANSMISSIONS

The subject technology provides configurations for receiving, at a first network device, a multicast packet of a multicast transmission from a multicast source. A header is inserted including one or more fields of information for a multicast distribution tree into the multicast packet in which the fields of information include a root level node field indicating a root node of the multicast distribution tree and one or more second level fields indicating one or more child nodes of the root node of the multicast distribution tree. In one example, the fields of information are not duplicative of routing information, stored by the first network device, corresponding to the one or more child nodes. The subject technology then forwards the multicast packet including the inserted header to respective network devices corresponding to the one or more child nodes based on the one or more fields of information from the inserted header. 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:receiving, at a first network device, a multicast packet of a multicast transmission from a multicast source;inserting a header including one or more fields of information for a multicast distribution tree into the multicast packet, wherein the fields of information include a root level node field indicating a root node of the multicast distribution tree and one or more second level fields indicating one or more child nodes of the root node of the multicast distribution tree, wherein the fields of information are not duplicative of routing information, stored by the first network device, corresponding to the one or more child nodes; andforwarding the multicast packet including the inserted header to respective network devices corresponding to the one or more child nodes based on the one or more fields of information from the inserted header.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein inserting the header including the one or more second level fields indicating the one or more child nodes is based on a ...

METHOD OF AUTONOMIC REPRESENTATIVE SELECTION IN LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

A method and apparatus for selecting a client computer as a relay server to rebroadcast common application information that is broadcast from a server system over a network. The client computer is selected randomly to rebroadcast the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) information received from the server system and client computers receiving the UDP information from another client computer relay server on the network do not rebroadcast the information. If the client computer selected to rebroadcast the common information fails to rebroadcast, another client computer is randomly selected as a relay server and takes over rebroadcasting the common information. 18-. (canceled)9. A network system , comprising:a network server arranged to broadcast common information to clients;a plurality of clients connected to said server through said network to receive said broadcast common information;each of said plurality of clients arranged to rebroadcast said common information; andeach of said plurality of clients provided with a different fixed time interval for rebroadcasting said common information with said client with the shortest fixed time interval selected from said plurality of clients connected to said network as a relay server to rebroadcast said common information to the remaining ones of said plurality of clients whereby said remaining ones of said plurality of clients are disabled from rebroadcasting.10. The network system as set forth in wherein failure of the client selected from among the plurality of clients to rebroadcast said common information acts to cause another client to be selected to take over rebroadcasting common information to the remaining plurality of clients after receiving said common information from said server.11. The network system as set forth in wherein said another client selected to take over rebroadcasting is the first client to receive said common information from said server within a complete fixed cycle of time.12. The network system as ...

CONTROL APPARATUS, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION NODE CONTROL METHOD, AND PROGRAM

A control apparatus includes a representative port selection unit configured to select, for each of a plurality of domains formed by a plurality of communication nodes disposed on a network to be controlled, a representative port configured to transfer a broadcast packet with an adjacent one of the domains, a broadcast path calculation unit configured to calculate a forwarding path for the broadcast packet that passes through the representative port, for each of the domains, a control information generation unit configured to generate, for each communication node on the forwarding path, control information for causing the broadcast packet to be forwarded along the forwarding path, and a control information setting unit configured to set the generated control information in each communication node on the forwarding path. 1. A control apparatus comprising:a representative port selection unit configured to select, for each of a plurality of domains formed by a plurality of communication nodes disposed on a network to be controlled, a representative port configured to transfer a broadcast packet with an adjacent one of the domains;a broadcast path calculation unit configured to calculate a forwarding path for the broadcast packet that passes through the representative port, for each of the domains;a control information generation unit configured to generate, for each communication node on the forwarding path, control information for causing the broadcast packet to be forwarded along the forwarding path; anda control information setting unit configured to set the generated control information in each communication node on the forwarding path.2. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe domain comprises low-order domains formed by switches disposed at two physically separated locations and a high-order domain connecting the low-order domains.3. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising:a domain information input unit configured to receive an ...

Gateway using multicast to unicast conversion

A multicast frame directed to a plurality of devices coupled to a network can be received, where the plurality of devices comprising at least one intended recipient device and at least one unintended recipient device. A destination unicast address corresponding to an intended recipient device can be identified. The multicast frame can be converted into a unicast frame directed to the intended recipient device, the unicast frame configured with the destination unicast address. The unicast frame can be blocked from accessing the unintended recipient device. The unicast frame can be provided to the intended recipient device.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMPROVED EMERGENCY MESSAGING

A method to manage operations between a backend server and a set of devices, each device comprising a customer account number and a Wi-Fi Broadcast System (WFBS), the WFBS iteratively performing the following steps at a predefined time interval: (1) generating at a given WFBS a customer identification number for each customer account (2) broadcasting the customer identification number to each WFBS on the subnet of the given WFBS (3) receiving the customer identification number from each WFBS on the subnet of the given WFBS (4) processing the received customer identification number at the given WFBS, and (5) designating the given WFBS as a master WFBS for a given time integral if the given WFBS satisfies a predetermined criterion before performing a set of master operations. 1. A method for non-transitory computer readable medium containing computer instructions configured to operate with electronic computer hardware to manage operations between a backend server and a set of devices , each device comprising a customer account number and a Wi-Fi Broadcast System (WFBS) , the WFBS iteratively performing the following steps at a predefined time interval:generating at a given WFBS, a customer identification number for each customer account;broadcasting the customer identification number to each WFBS on the subnet of the given WFBS, wherein the customer identification number is broadcasted to a designated WFBS port on the subnet of the given WFBS;receiving the customer identification number from each WFBS on the subnet of the given WFBS;processing the received customer identification number at the given WFBS; anddesignating the given WFBS as a master WFBS for a given time integral if the given WFBS satisfies a predetermined criterion before performing a set of master operations.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of master operations comprise:communicating the master WFBS designation of the given WFBS to the backend server;determining if a map private network ...

BIT INDEXED EXPLICIT REPLICATION USING MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING

Various systems and methods for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). For example, one method involves receiving a packet that includes a MPLS label. The packet also includes a multicast forwarding entry. The method also involves determining, based on the value of the MPLS label, whether to use the multicast forwarding entry to forward the packet. The method further includes forwarding the packet. 1. A method performed by a node , the method comprising: the bit forwarding table is associated with one or more label values,', 'the packet comprises a top label and a bit mask, and', 'the bit forwarding table is selected by determining that the top label of the received packet corresponds to one of the one or more label values in the bit forwarding table;, 'selecting a bit forwarding table based, at least in part, on information in a received packet, wherein'}determining a first set bit in the bit mask; 'the selected row comprises a routing label associated with a neighbor node;', 'selecting a selected row in the bit forwarding table by using the top label and the first set bit, wherein'}copying the received packet to create a copied packet;replacing the top label in the copied packet with the routing label from the selected row of the bit forwarding table; and 'the forwarding is based, at least in part, on the routing label.', 'forwarding the copied packet to the neighbor node, wherein'}2. The method of claim 1 , whereineach of the one or more label values in the bit forwarding table corresponds to one or more bit position values.3. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe copied packet comprises a copy of the bit mask.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprisingprior to the forwarding, modifying the copy of the bit mask of the copied packet by clearing one or more bits that had been set in the received packet.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein a bit mask value, information identifying the neighbor node, and', 'a ...

SERVICE INSERTION FOR MULTICAST TRAFFIC AT BOUNDARY

Some embodiments of the invention provide novel methods for providing transparent services for multicast data messages traversing a network edge device operating at a boundary between two networks. The method analyzes data messages received at the network edge device to determine whether they require a service provided at the boundary and whether they are unicast or multicast (including broadcast). The method modifies a multicast destination media access control (MAC) address of a multicast data message requiring a service to be a unicast destination MAC address and provides, without processing by a standard routing function, the modified data message directly to an interface associated with a service node that provides the particular service required by the data message. The method receives the serviced data message, restores the multicast destination MAC address, and forwards the serviced data message to a set of destinations associated with the multicast destination address. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of performing a service on a multicast data message at an edge between a source network and a destination network , the method comprising:determining that the data message from the source network is a multicast data message (i) that is addressed to multiple destinations in the destination network and (ii) that requires a particular service;changing a multicast destination network address to a unicast network address associated with a service node that performs the particular service;providing the data message to the service node to perform the service and return a service data message; andafter receiving the serviced data message from the service node, changing the destination network address of the serviced data message to the multicast network address, before forwarding the serviced data message to the destination network to forward to the multiple destinations.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the destination and unicast network addresses are media access ...

RBRIDGE FOR ROUTING AND FORWARDING A DATA PACKET

In an approach to routing and forwarding a data packet with a forwarding RBridge and a corresponding RBridge, a computer, in response to receiving a TRILL data packet, performs the following steps: parsing a TRILL header of the TRILL data packet, and acquiring an egress RBridge nickname of the TRILL data packet; obtaining routing information corresponding to the egress RBridge nickname, wherein the information indicates whether the forwarding RBridge is the penultimate hop RBridge on the forwarding path to which the egress RBridge nickname is corresponding; and in response to the indication in the information that the forwarding RBridge is the penultimate hop RBridge on the forwarding path to which the egress RBridge nickname is corresponding, stripping the TRILL header of the TRILL data packet off to obtain an original data packet, and forwarding the original data packet to the egress RBridge from an out port specified by the information. 1. A method for routing and forwarding a data packet with a forwarding routing bridge (RBridge) , comprising:in response to receiving a transparent interconnection of lots of links (TRILL) data packet, performing the following steps:parsing a TRILL header of the TRILL data packet, and acquiring an egress RBridge nickname of the TRILL data packet;obtaining routing information corresponding to the egress RBridge nickname, wherein the routing information indicates whether or not the forwarding RBridge is a penultimate hop RBridge on a forwarding path to which the egress RBridge nickname is corresponding; andin response to the indication in the routing information that the forwarding RBridge is the penultimate hop RBridge on the forwarding path to which the egress RBridge nickname is corresponding, stripping the TRILL header of the TRILL data packet off to obtain an original data packet, and forwarding the original data packet to the egress RBridge from an out port specified by the routing information.2. The method according to claim ...

Device, system and method for determining and providing bearer indications for a group communication session

A device, system and method for determining and providing bearer indications for a group communication session is provided. A server for managing a group communication session determines active communication devices of the group communication session. The server determines bearer indications for the active communication devices, the bearer indications indicating: whether a respective bearer of an active communication device is a unicast bearer or a multicast bearer; and whether the respective bearer has a guaranteed bit rate or no guaranteed bit rate. The server transmits, to each of the active communication devices, the bearer indications to cause each of the active communication devices to provide, at a respective notification device, a notification of the bearer indications.

SUPPORTING MULTICAST IN NOC INTERCONNECT

Example implementations are directed to more efficiently delivering a multicast message to multiple destination components from a source component. Multicast environment is achieved with transmission of a single message from a source component, which gets replicated in the NoC during routing towards the destination components indicated in the message. Example implementations further relate to an efficient way of implementing multicast in any given NoC topology, wherein one or more multicast trees in the given NoC topology are formed and one of these trees are used for routing a multicast message to its intended destination components mentioned therein. 1. A method , comprising:configuring each port of each of a plurality of nodes of a Network on Chip (NoC) with a filter in a form of a filter bit vector representing a multicast tree from one or more multicast trees of the NoC, wherein each bit of the filter bit-vector is indicative of whether a corresponding destination bit from a destination bit-vector of a multicast message is to be filtered, andconfiguring each of the plurality of nodes of the NoC to execute a process for receipt of the multicast message, the process comprising:selecting a port configured with a filter representing the multicast tree from the one or more multicast trees directed to the received multicast message, the selecting conducted based on an application of logic between a destination bit-vector of the multicast message and the filter bit-vector; andtransmitting the multicast message through the selected port.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting based on an application of logic between the destination bit-vector of the multicast message and the filter bit-vector comprises comparing each bit of the destination bit-vector to each bit of the filter bit-vector claim 1 , and selecting the port having at least one matching bit.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the configuring each port of the each of the plurality of nodes of a NoC ...

SUPPORTING LOW LATENCY APPLICATIONS AT THE EDGE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Various embodiments manage data flow between at least one wireless communication device and at least one application executing at an edge of the wireless communication network. In one embodiment, a first flow regenerator disposed within the network generates a replicated set of data packets. The replicated set of data packets are a copy of a set of data packets being transmitted between an application disposed on a first node at an edge of the network and a wireless communication device. The first flow regenerator sends the replicated set of data packets to a second flow regenerator disposed in the network. The replicated set of data packets are sent to the second flow regenerator through at least a second node disposed between the first flow regenerator and the second flow regenerator. The second node is configured to perform one or more book-keeping operations on the replicated set of data packets. 1. A method for managing data flow between at least one wireless communication device and at least one application executing at an edge of a wireless communication network , the method comprising:generating, by a first flow regenerator disposed within a wireless communication network, a replicated set of data packets, where the replicated set of data packets are a copy of a set of data packets being transmitted between an application disposed on a first node at an edge of the wireless communication network and a wireless communication device; andsending, by the first flow regenerator, the replicated set of data packets to a second flow regenerator disposed in the wireless communication network, the replicated set of data packets being sent to the second flow regenerator through at least a second node disposed between the first flow regenerator and the second flow regenerator, where the second node is configured to perform one or more book-keeping operations on the replicated set of data packets.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:changing, by the first flow ...

HIERARCHICAL HARDWARE LINKED LIST APPROACH FOR MULTICAST REPLICATION ENGINE IN A NETWORK ASIC

A multicast rule is represented in a hierarchical linked list with N tiers. Each tier or level in the hierarchical linked list corresponds to a network layer of a network stack that requires replication. Redundant groups in each tier are eliminated such that the groups in each tier are stored exactly once in a replication table. A multicast replication engine traverses the hierarchical linked list and replicates a packet according to each node in the hierarchical linked list. 131-. (canceled)32. A network chip comprising:a processor; anda non-transitory computer readable memory storing a multicast destination table including a list of links, wherein the list of links includes an identifier of a main link upon which a data packet is able to be transmitted and at least one identifier of at least one alternative link upon which the data packet is able to be transmitted, wherein both the main link and the at least one alternative link reach the same destination.33. The network chip of claim 32 , wherein the entry includes a pointer to the next link in the list of links claim 32 , destination information claim 32 , a “first live enabled” field and a “live” field.34. The network chip of claim 33 , wherein the destination information indicates at least one port for local mirroring or at least one tunnel for remote mirroring.35. The network chip of claim 33 , wherein the “first live enabled” field indicates whether switching between the main link and the at least one alternate link is enabled.36. The network chip of claim 33 , wherein the “live” field indicates whether a corresponding link is active.37. The network chip of claim 33 , wherein in order to process the data packet the processor traverses the list of links until the “first live enabled” field and the “live” field of a current one of the links are enabled.38. The network chip of claim 32 , wherein the links in the list of links are ordered within the list based on a metric.39. A method of implementing a multicast ...

Message-limited self-organizing network groups for computing device peer matching

A message-limiting mechanism for enabling computing devices to self-organize into groups based on network proximity can entail the transmission of values based on hierarchical evaluation such that only a computing device having a most extreme value continues to transmit. The values utilized can be randomly generated and their broadcast can facilitate the identification of computing devices that are proximate, by network distance. Each computing device can retain a most extreme value received, unless a value generated by that computing device itself is more extreme, in which case the computing device can continue periodic broadcasts of its value. Each computing device can report its retained values, or its own value if no values were retained, and groupings can be generated based on the values reported by the computing devices. The grouping of computing devices can then facilitate the identification of peers, including for purposes of downloading content from such peers.

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PROVIDE MULTICAST GROUP MEMBERSHIP DEFINED RELATIVE TO PARTITION MEMBERSHIP IN A HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Systems and methods for providing multicast group (MCG) membership relative to partition membership in a high performance computing environment. In allowing a subnet manager of a local subnet to be instructed that all ports that are members of the relevant partition should be set up as members for a specific multicast group, the SM can perform a more efficient multicast-routing process. It is also possible to limit the IB client interaction with subnet administration conventionally required to handle join and leave operations. Additionally, subnet manager overhead can be reduced by creating a spanning tree for the routing of multicast packets that includes each of the partition members added to the multicast group, instead of creating a spanning tree after each multicast group join request is received, as conventionally required. 1. A method for providing multicast group membership defined relative to partition membership in a high performance computing environment , comprising:providing, at a computer comprising one or more microprocessors, a subnet, the subnet comprising one or more switches and a subnet manager;generating, at an end node of a subnet, a multicast join request message, wherein the multicast join message comprises a plurality of subnet administration attributes, wherein the end node is a member of a partition defined within the subnet; andindicating, via one of the plurality of subnet administration attributes of the multicast join message, that all members of the partition should be added to a same multicast group.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:indicating, via another of the plurality of subnet administration attributes of the multicast join message, an identifier of the partition.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:receiving, at the subnet manager, the multicast join request message; andupon receiving the multicast join request message, adding all members of the partition to a same multicast group.4. The method of claim 3 ...

METHOD AND A SYSTEM TO DELIVER MULTIMEDIA CONTENT IN A DOWNSTREAM NETWORK

A method and a system are described for delivering multimedia content in a downstream network. The method includes monitoring a real-time quality of service associated with a bit rate traffic from a plurality of client devices and network topographies. The method includes creating a plurality of channels, to be multi-casted by a plurality of slave servers associated with a plurality of adaptive bit rates associated with the multimedia content based on the monitoring. The method includes publishing a master manifest comprising multicast information associated with each of the plurality of channels. The method includes notifying, the plurality of slave servers to subscribe to the created plurality of channels. The method includes receiving a subscription request for the plurality of channels from the plurality of slave servers in response to the notification. The multimedia content is multi-casted to the plurality of client devices based on subscription request. 1. A method for delivering multimedia content in a downstream network , the method comprising:monitoring, by a content delivery system, a real-time quality of service associated with a bit rate traffic from a plurality of client devices, wherein the quality of service associated with the bit rate traffic are associated with a plurality of network topographies;creating, by the content delivery system, a plurality of channels, to be multi-casted by a plurality of slave servers, associated with a plurality of adaptive bit rates associated with the multimedia content based on the monitoring, wherein the plurality of channels has an associated identifier;publishing, by the content delivery system, a master manifest comprising multicast information associated with each of the plurality of channels;comparing, by the content delivery system, the master manifest with the bit rate traffic from the plurality of client devices;notifying, by the content delivery system, the plurality of slave servers to subscribe to the ...

BIT INDEXED EXPLICIT REPLICATION

Methods, devices and computer readable storage media for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) are disclosed. One embodiment of a method includes obtaining, at an egress node of a network, a bit position assigned to the egress node. This embodiment also includes sending an outgoing advertisement to other nodes in the network, where the outgoing advertisement identifies the egress node and the assigned bit position. The bit position is within a bit mask comprising bits in a plurality of bit positions, and each bit position corresponds to a respective egress node of the network. 1. A method comprising: the bit position is within a bit mask comprising bits in a plurality of bit positions, and', 'each bit position of the plurality of bit positions corresponds to a single respective egress node of the network; and, 'obtaining, at an egress node of a network configured for bit indexed forwarding, a bit position assigned to the egress node, wherein'}sending an outgoing advertisement to other nodes in the network, wherein the outgoing advertisement identifies the egress node and the assigned bit position.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the bit position comprises receiving the bit position from a controller of the network.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the bit position comprises deriving the bit position from an identifier or address of the egress node.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the outgoing advertisement comprises using an interior gateway protocol.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving at the egress node an incoming advertisement sent by an additional egress node in the network claim 1 , wherein the incoming advertisement identifies the additional egress node and a bit position claim 1 , within the bit mask claim 1 , assigned to the additional egress node.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising generating or updating claim 5 , using information from the incoming advertisement claim 5 , a bit ...

SELECTION OF MANAGED FORWARDING ELEMENT FOR BRIDGE SPANNING MULTIPLE DATACENTERS

Some embodiments provide a method for a set of central controllers that manages forwarding elements operating in a plurality of datacenters. The method receives a configuration for a bridge between (i) a logical L2 network that spans at least two datacenters and (ii) a physical L2 network. The configuration specifies a particular one of the datacenters for implementation of the bridge. The method identifies multiple managed forwarding elements that implement the logical L2 network and are operating in the particular datacenter. The method selects one of the identified managed forwarding elements to implement the bridge. The method distributes bridge configuration data to the selected managed forwarding element. 1. For a set of central controllers that manages forwarding elements operating in a plurality of datacenters , a method comprising:receiving a configuration for a bridge between (i) a logical L2 network that spans at least two datacenters and (ii) a physical L2 network, wherein the configuration specifies a particular one of the datacenters for implementation of the bridge;identifying a plurality of managed forwarding elements that implement the logical L2 network and are operating in the particular datacenter;selecting one of the identified managed forwarding elements to implement the bridge; anddistributing bridge configuration data to the selected managed forwarding element.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the configuration is received from a network manager located at the particular datacenter.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the logical L2 network is a virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN) and the physical L2 network is a virtual local area network (VLAN) located at the particular datacenter.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein machines connected to the VLAN comprise virtual machines operating on host machines that are not VXLAN-compatible.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of central controllers stores a list of managed ...

Bit Indexed Explicit Replication Using Internet Protocol Version 6

Various systems and methods for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) using IPv6. For example, one method involves receiving, at a node, a packet that includes an IP header. The packet also includes a multicast forwarding entry. The method also involves comparing the multicast forwarding entry with forwarding information stored by the node and selecting a neighbor based on the comparing. The method further includes forwarding the packet to the neighbor.

Bit Indexed Explicit Replication For Layer 2 Networking

Various systems and methods for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER). For example, one method involves receiving a link layer protocol frame at a network device. The link layer protocol frame includes a MAC address that identifies the link layer protocol frame as a being a multicast frame. The method then involves selecting a subset of ports included on the network device and forwarding the link layer protocol frame to only the selected subset of ports. 1. A method comprising: the frame comprises a multicast media access control (MAC) address,', 'the network device comprises a plurality of ports;, 'receiving a link layer protocol frame at a network device, wherein'}selecting a first subset of ports of the plurality of ports; andforwarding a copy of the frame to only those ports included in the first subset of ports.2. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe selecting is based on a multicast forwarding entry in the frame.3. The method of claim 2 , whereinthe multicast forwarding entry comprises a plurality of elements, andeach element of the plurality of elements corresponds to a respective host.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: 'the determining comprises accessing an Ethertype field in the frame.', 'determining whether the frame comprises the multicast forwarding entry, wherein'}5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: 'the address announcement includes information identifying a bit position assigned to the host.', 'receiving an address announcement from a host, wherein'}6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:updating a bit forwarding table.7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:modifying the forwarding entry.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: 'the Ethertype value indicates that the frame comprises a multicast forwarding entry; and', 'adding an Ethertype value to the frame, wherein'}adding the multicast forwarding entry to the frame.9. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe link layer protocol frame is an Ethernet ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DATA TRASMISSION

A method which is implemented by an access point, and in which requests are received from a number of user devices, in which each of the requests specifies one or multiple requested file blocks of at least one file. A set of multicast groups is determined based on the received requests, and each multicast group contains a set of indices of one or multiple of the user devices and a set of indices of the file blocks which are to be transmitted to the user devices indicated in the multicast group. For each multicast group of the set the file blocks indicated in the multicast group are retrieved and encoded, and a forward error correction process is used. For each of the multicast groups of the set the encoded file blocks indicated in the multicast group are transmitted to the user devices indicated in the multicast group. 1. A method performed by an access point , the method comprising;receiving requests of a number of user devices, each of the requests indicating one or multiple requested data blocks of at least one file;determining a set of multicast groups based on the received requests, the multicast groups including a set of indices of one or multiple user devices and a set of indices of the data blocks which are indexed to the user devices in the multicast group and which are to be transmitted to the user devices;retrieving and encoding, for each multicast group of the set of multicast groups, the data blocks indexed in the multicast group, wherein a forward error correction method is used; andtransmitting to the user devices indexed in the multicast group, for each multicast group of the set of multicast groups, the encoded data blocks indexed in the multicast group.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the data blocks claim 1 , which are indexed in the multicast groups of the set of multicast groups claim 1 , are retrieved from one or multiple content servers claim 1 , wherein in particular a reliable backhaul connection is used between ...

RECEPTION APPARATUS, RECEPTION METHOD, TRANSMISSION APPARATUS, AND TRANSMISSION METHOD

The present technology relates to a reception apparatus, a reception method, a transmission apparatus, and a transmission method, by which efficient filtering processing can be performed. Provided is a reception apparatus, including: a reception unit that receives a broadcast wave of digital broadcasting using an IP (Internet Protocol) transmission system; and a filtering processing unit that performs filtering processing on a packet by using filtering information, the filtering information being provided in a header of the packet, the packet being transmitted in a baseband stream in a first layer via the broadcast wave, the first layer being lower than an IP layer in a hierarchy of a protocol of the IP transmission system. The present technology is applicable to a television receiver, for example. 1. A reception apparatus , comprising:a reception unit that receives a broadcast wave of digital broadcasting using an IP (Internet Protocol) transmission system; anda filtering processing unit that performs filtering processing on a packet by using filtering information, the filtering information being provided in a header of the packet, the packet being transmitted in a baseband stream in a first layer via the broadcast wave, the first layer being lower than an IP layer in a hierarchy of a protocol of the IP transmission system.2. The reception apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe packet is an LLS (Low Layer Signaling) packet,the filtering information is provided in an LLS header of the LLS packet,first signaling data is provided in an LLS payload of the LLS packet, andthe filtering processing unit performs filtering processing on the first signaling data stored in the LLS packet by using the filtering information provided in the LLS header.3. The reception apparatus according to claim 2 , whereinthe filtering information includes at least one piece of information of compression information, type information, extended filter information, and version information, ...

MIGRATION SUPPORT FOR BIT INDEXED EXPLICIT REPLICATION

A method and network device are disclosed for multicast forwarding. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving at a node configured to use a bit-indexed forwarding table a multicast message comprising an incoming message bit array. The method further includes comparing the incoming message bit array to a first neighbor bit array within a first forwarding table entry, and determining that for at least one relative bit position in the bit arrays a corresponding destination node is both a destination for the message and a reachable destination from a first neighboring node. The method further includes forwarding toward the first neighboring node a copy of the message, where a first node on the path of the forwarded message is not configured to use a respective bit-indexed forwarding table. An embodiment of the device includes a network interface, a memory and a processor configured to perform steps of the method. 1. A method comprising: the node is configured to store and use a bit-indexed forwarding table comprising multiple forwarding table entries,', 'each of the multiple forwarding table entries comprises a respective neighbor bit array and is associated with a respective neighboring node, and', 'a set of multiple possible destination nodes for the message corresponds to the same set of respective relative bit positions in the incoming message bit array and each of the neighbor bit arrays;, 'receiving at a node in a network a multicast message comprising an incoming message bit array, wherein'}comparing the incoming message bit array to a first neighbor bit array associated with a first forwarding table entry of the multiple forwarding table entries;determining that for at least one relative bit position the corresponding destination node is both an intended destination for the message and a reachable destination from a first neighboring node associated with the first forwarding table entry; andin response to said determining, forwarding toward the first ...

BIT INDEXED EXPLICIT REPLICATION

Methods, devices and computer readable storage media for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) are disclosed. One embodiment of a method includes receiving, at an ingress node of a network, a data packet comprising a multicast group identifier. This embodiment also includes obtaining, from a group membership table, a bit mask corresponding to the multicast group identifier. The bit mask comprises a plurality of bit positions, and each bit position corresponds to a respective egress node of the network. The embodiment also includes encapsulating the data packet with the bit mask and forwarding the encapsulated data packet using the bit mask. 1. A method comprising:receiving, at an ingress node of a network configured for bit indexed forwarding, a data packet comprising a multicast group identifier; the bit mask comprises a plurality of bit positions, and', 'each bit position of the plurality of bit positions corresponds to a respective egress node of the network;, 'obtaining, from a group membership table stored at the ingress node, a bit mask corresponding to the multicast group identifier, wherein'}encapsulating the data packet with the bit mask; andforwarding the encapsulated data packet using the bit mask.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: wherein the signaling message comprises', 'a request to join or to leave a multicast group corresponding to the multicast group identifier, and', 'a bit position, within the bit mask, assigned to the first egress node., 'receiving at the ingress node a signaling message from a first egress node of the network,'}3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:generating or updating an entry in the group membership table using information in the signaling message.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving at the ingress node an advertisement sent by a first egress node of the network, wherein the advertisement identifies the first egress node and a bit position, within the bit mask, assigned to ...

CONTROL APPARATUS, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, CONTROL METHOD AND PROGRAM

A control apparatus comprises a path generation unit configured to logically generate a plurality of forwarding paths for forwarding a broadcast packet between a plurality of domains that each includes a plurality of communication nodes; a path determination unit configured to determine different communication nodes among the plurality of communication nodes included in each domain as representative nodes that forward the broadcast packet in each of the plurality of forwarding paths; and a path setting unit configured to set control information including information regarding the representative nodes in the communication nodes on the plurality of forwarding paths. 1. A control apparatus , comprising:a path generation unit configured to logically generate a plurality of forwarding paths for forwarding a broadcast packet between a plurality of domains that each includes a plurality of communication nodes;a path determination unit configured to determine different communication nodes among the plurality of communication nodes included in each domain as representative nodes that forward the broadcast packet in each of the plurality of forwarding paths; anda path setting unit configured to set control information including information regarding the representative nodes in the communication nodes on the plurality of forwarding paths.2. The control apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe path generation configured to generate each forwarding path linked to a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network).3. The control apparatus according to claim 2 , whereinthe path generation unit is configured to give each forwarding path an identifier linked to a VLAN, andthe path determination unit is configured to determine the representative node using the identifier linked to a VLAN given to each forwarding path and an identifier of a communication node included in each domain.4. The control apparatus according to claim 3 , whereinthe path determination unit is configured to determine the ...

Selectively signaling selective tunnels in multicast vpns

In some examples, a method includes receiving, by a first ingress network device for a network, a source tree join route message from an egress network device for the network, specifying a multicast source and a multicast group, and in response to receiving the source tree join route message, determining, by the ingress network device, whether the multicast source is multi-homed to the network via the first ingress network device and a second ingress network device for the network. The method includes, in response to determining that the multicast source is not multi-homed, forwarding traffic for the multicast source on an inclusive provider tunnel without initiating setup of a selective provider tunnel to the egress network device, and in response to determining that the multicast source is multi-homed, initiating setup of a selective provider tunnel to the egress network device and terminating forwarding multicast traffic on the inclusive provider tunnel.

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR DISTRIBUTING INFORMATION DURING BROADCAST DELIVERY

A BM-SC, and a method therein for transmitting data file by broadcast session to at least one UE, in a radio communication system; and a UE and a method therein for receiving a broadcast session of transmission of a data file from a BM-SC are provided. The method in the BM-SC comprises determining to transmit the data file to the at least one UE, and determining a FEC redundancy level to use for the transmission. The method also comprises transmitting, to the at least one UE, the data file using the determined FEC redundancy level and an indication of the determined FEC redundancy level. 1. A method executed in a Broadcast Multicast Service Centre (BM-SC) for transmitting data in a broadcast session to at least one user equipment (UE) in a radio communication system , the method comprising:determining to transmit data file to at least one UE;determining a forward error correction (FEC) redundancy level, indicative of the amount of FEC redundancy to be applied for said data file transmission;transmitting said data file and the FEC redundancy level to said UE(s),receiving, from at least one of said at least one UE, information indicating failure by the at least one UE to correctly decode a packet of the transmitted data file when applying the FEC redundancy level, and a packet loss rate, indicative of the failed decoding, anddetermining based on the received information, at least one action, to be initiated for handling subsequent packet(s) of said data file.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FEC redundancy level is inserted into an updated File Delivery Table (FDT) instance claim 1 , as a FEC redundancy level attribute claim 1 , after which the updated FDT instance is transmitted to the UE(s).3. A method executed in a user equipment (UE) for receiving data in a broadcast session transmitted from a Broadcast Multicast Service Centre (BM-SC) claim 1 , the method comprising:receiving, from the BM-SC, transmitted data file and a FEC redundancy level applied when ...

CONTROL APPARATUS, COMPUTER SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION CONTROL METHOD, AND PROGRAM

A control apparatus includes: a communication identification unit that identifies a predetermined communication between or among predetermined apparatuses by matching a packet received via a switch against a preset pattern(s); and a switch control unit that sets, at least in the switch, control information in which match conditions for determining the predetermined communication between or among the predetermined apparatuses and a processing content(s) applied to the communication between or among the apparatuses are associated with each other. 1. A control apparatus , comprising:a communication identification unit that identifies a predetermined communication between or among predetermined apparatuses by matching a packet received via a switch against a preset pattern(s); anda switch control unit that sets, at least in the switch, control information in which match conditions for determining the predetermined communication between or among the predetermined apparatuses and a processing content(s) applied to the communication between or among the apparatuses are associated with each other.2. The control apparatus according to ;wherein the pattern(s) is used for determining a state check packet periodically broadcasted or multicasted between or among the predetermined apparatuses.3. The control apparatus according to ;wherein the control apparatus holds a first table in which the pattern(s) and a corresponding forwarding destination(s) are associated with each other; andwherein, by referring to the first table, the switch control unit creates control information for instructing forwarding of packets that match the pattern(s) to the corresponding forwarding destination(s) and sets the control information at least in the switch.4. The control apparatus according to ;wherein a group to which the forwarding-destination apparatus(s) belongs can be specified as a forwarding destination in the first table; andwherein, by referring to a second table in which information ...

BROADCAST RESOURCE CONGESTION CONTROL METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR USE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a communication technology and system converging the fifth generation (5G) communication system for supporting a data rate higher than that of the 4G system with the IoT technology. Further, the present invention is applicable to the intelligent services based on the 5G communication and IoT technologies (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail, security, and safety services). In more detail, a broadcast resource congestion control method of a multi-cell/multicast coordination entity (MCE) includes receiving a message including multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) congestion information from a base station, selecting an MBMS service to be controlled based on the MBMS congestion information, and transmitting a scheduling message including first control information related to the selected MBMS service to the base station. 1. A broadcast resource congestion control method of a multi-cell/multicast coordination entity (MCE) in a wireless communication system , the method comprising:receiving a message including multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) congestion information from a base station;selecting an MBMS service to be controlled based on the MBMS congestion information; andtransmitting a scheduling message including first control information related to the selected MBMS service to the base station.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein third control information related to the first control information and second control information is transmitted from a terminal to a server.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting of the MBMS service comprises:determining a number of terminals interested in respective MBMS services; andselecting the MBMS service to be controlled based on the determined number of terminals and the MBMS congestion information.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the MBMS congestion information comprises a multicast ...

Powerline Communications Automotive Network

A powerline communications apparatus includes a transceiver communicating over an electrical power distribution wiring of a vehicle and a communications interface carrying a first and second PLC message in a first communication protocol having a PLC automotive network delimiter type, a PLCAN variant field comprising a number of users, user identifications, payload length, payload data, and a repetition number corresponding to a number of times the first PLC message is transmitted over the electrical power distribution wiring, and a first payload for a first user. The PLC apparatus also includes a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing programming for execution by the processor. The programming includes instructions for transmitting the first PLC message using the transceiver, determining if the vehicle is in motion, and switching between the first and the second communication protocol based on whether the vehicle is determined to be in motion. 1. A powerline communications (PLC) apparatus comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate over an electrical power distribution wiring of a vehicle; a first payload for a first user;', 'a PLC automotive network (PLCAN) delimiter type;', 'a PLCAN variant field (VF PLCAN) comprising a number of users, user identifications (IDs), payload length, payload data, and a repetition number, wherein the repetition number corresponds to a number of times the first PLC message is to be transmitted over the electrical power distribution wiring of the vehicle; and, 'a communications interface configured to carry a first PLC message in a first communication protocol, the first communication protocol comprisinga processor; and transmitting the first PLC message using the transceiver;', 'determining if the vehicle is in motion; and', 'switching between the first communication protocol and a second communication protocol based on whether the vehicle is determined to be in motion, wherein the second communication ...

Video Conference Calendar Integration

In an example embodiment, a tool to provide calendar integration with video conferencing technology to allow for the rendering of a specialized graphical user interface during a video conference that displays not only an identification of which users are currently attending or otherwise connected to the video conference but also an identification of users that have been invited to the video conference but not yet attended.

CONTENT SET BASED DELTACASTING

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for improving utilization of the satellite communications system through various “deltacasting” techniques for handling content sets (e.g., feeds or websites). Embodiments operate in a client-server context, including a server optimizer, a client optimizer, and, in some embodiments, a pre-positioning client. Within this client-server context, content sets are multicast (e.g., anticipatorily pre-positioned in a local dictionary) to end users of the communications system and are handled at the content set level, according to set-level metadata and/or user preferences. In some embodiments, when locally stored information from the content sets is requested by a user, deltacasting techniques are used to generate fingerprints for use in identifying and exploit multicasting and/or other opportunities for increased utilization of links of the communications system.

DELAYED UPDATING OF FORWARDING DATABASES FOR MULTICAST TRANSMISSIONS OVER TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

A switch (R.) uses a forwarding database (F) to forward multicast packets. The switch participates in a multicast protocol (e.g. PIM) with other switches, and also uses a snooping database (e.g. for IGMP snooping) to learn about local group members, i.e. members for which the router serves as a local multicast router (e.g. the local members do not participate in the multicast protocol). When the switch learns of a local member of a multicast group, the switch updates the snooping database but may or may not install the snooping information in the forwarding database. Thus, the forwarding database is not necessarily provisioned for locally sourced data packets addressed to the group until receipt of a locally sourced data packet addressed to the group. If no such packets are received, the forwarding database is not provisioned for such packets, and therefore its size is reduced. Other features are also provided. 1. A method comprising operating a first switch comprising one or more first interfaces and one or more second interfaces , the first and second interfaces being operable to receive multicast data packets , the first switch using a forwarding database to make forwarding decisions for the multicast packets;wherein operating the first switch comprises:receiving, on a second interface, an indication for a new member of a multicast group;in response to the indication:(a) performing “first provisioning”, wherein the first provisioning is provisioning the forwarding database to provide forwarding decisions for forwarding to the new member of data packets addressed to the multicast group and received on the one or more first interfaces;(b) executing a predefined policy on performing “second provisioning”, wherein the second provisioning is provisioning the forwarding database to provide forwarding decisions for forwarding, to the new member, of data packets addressed to the multicast group and received on the one or more second interfaces, the predefined policy ...

MULTI-STEP REMOTE PACKET BROADCASTING/MULTICASTING MECHANISM FOR COGNITIVE SYSTEMS

A method, system, and data structure for sending data in a network which includes a plurality of nodes is provided. The method includes sending the data from a source node to an intermediate node. The method also includes sending the data from the intermediate node to plural destination nodes within a portion of the network. The portion is defined based on at least one physical distance from the intermediate node. 18.-. (canceled)9. A network system including a plurality of nodes , the network system comprising:a source node;an intermediate node; anda plurality of destination nodes, whereinthe source node sends data to the intermediate node,the intermediate node sends the data to the plurality of destination nodes, andthe plurality of destination nodes are within a portion of the network system, the portion being defined based on at least one physical distance from the intermediate node.10. The network system of claim 9 , wherein the portion is defined based on a plurality of physical distances in a plurality of directions from the intermediate node.11. The network system of claim 10 , whereinthe source node sets information in the data, prior to sending the data to the intermediate node, the information indicating the plurality of physical distances in the plurality of directions from the intermediate node, andthe plurality of destination nodes confirms that they are within the portion, using the information, in response to receiving the data from the intermediate node.12. The network system of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of directions includes two directions opposite to each other along a first axis claim 10 , two directions opposite to each other along a second axis claim 10 , and two directions opposite to each other along a third axis claim 10 , wherein the first axis claim 10 , the second axis claim 10 , and the third axis perpendicularly cross each other.13. The network system of claim 9 , wherein the portion has an asymmetric shape with respect to the ...

MULTI-STEP REMOTE PACKET BROADCASTING/MULTICASTING MECHANISM FOR COGNITIVE SYSTEMS

A method, system, and data structure for sending data in a network which includes a plurality of nodes is provided. The method includes sending the data from a source node to an intermediate node. The method also includes sending the data from the intermediate node to plural destination nodes within a portion of the network. The portion is defined based on at least one physical distance from the intermediate node. 1. A method for sending data in a network which includes a plurality of nodes , the method comprising:sending the data from a source node to an intermediate node; andsending the data from the intermediate node to a plurality of destination nodes within a portion of the network, the portion being defined based on at least one physical distance from the intermediate node.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion is defined based on a plurality of physical distances in a plurality of directions from the intermediate node.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:setting, by the source node, information in the data, prior to sending the data to the intermediate node, the information indicating the plurality of physical distances in the plurality of directions from the intermediate node; andconfirming, by the plurality of destination nodes, that they are within the portion, using the information, in response to receiving the data from the intermediate node.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of directions includes two directions opposite to each other along a first axis claim 2 , two directions opposite to each other along a second axis claim 2 , and two directions opposite to each other along a third axis claim 2 , wherein the first axis claim 2 , the second axis claim 2 , and the third axis perpendicularly cross each other.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion has an asymmetric shape with respect to the intermediate node.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion excludes a specific node which is outside of the portion and ...

PACKET FORWARDING APPARATUS FOR HANDLING MULTICAST PACKET

A packet forwarding apparatus includes: a multicast determination unit that determines whether a packet that flows through a virtual network is a multicast communication packet; a multicast mapping information storage unit; a multicast mapping unit that allocates a second multicast address to a first multicast address of a newly generated multicast communication and manages these multicast addresses as a piece of mapping information; and a packet encapsulation unit that encapsulates the packet that flows through the virtual network. The packet encapsulation unit encapsulates the multicast communication packet that flows through the virtual network by using the second multicast address. 1. A packet forwarding apparatus , comprising:a processor; and encapsulate a multicast packet using at least one piece of mapping information among pieces of mapping information for a multicast communication; and', 'integrate the pieces of mapping information having a same multicast communication range,, 'a non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium towherein the multicast packet is encapsulated using the integrated pieces of mapping information.2. The packet forwarding apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a storage device to hold the pieces of mapping information.3. The packet forwarding apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein, the multicast communication is a multicast communication in a virtual network obtained by logically dividing a substrate network;the piece of mapping information includes a first multicast address used in the virtual network, a second multicast address used in the substrate network, and a member information which indicates a member participating in the multicast communication; andthe same multicast communication range is identified using the member information and the second multicast addresses included in the mapping information.4. The packet forwarding apparatus according to claim 3 ,wherein, parts of the mapping information having a ...

METHOD FOR OPERATING A WIRELESS FIELD-DEVICE NETWORK

A method for operating a wireless field-device network, comprising: wirelessly transmitting a process variable and an expected remaining running time from each field device to the other field devices within a field-device network so that in each field device the process variable and the expected remaining running time of the other field devices of the field-device network are stored; activating a second radio module of that field device which has the highest expected remaining running time, and deactivating the second radio modules of the other field devices within the field-device network; wirelessly transmitting the process variables of all field devices of the field-device network stored in the active field device, or at least a subset of the stored process variables, to the superordinate unit, which is not part of the field-device network, by means of the second radio module of the active field device. 113-. (canceled)14. A method for operating a wireless field-device network that includes a plurality of battery-operated or rechargeable cell-operated field devices , wherein each field device is configured to determine and/or set a process variable , and to transmit or receive the process variable wirelessly within the field-device network by means of a first radio module of the respective field device , wherein each battery-operated or rechargeable cell-operated field device is also configured to determine an expected remaining running time or a variable modified thereby based on a current charge state of a battery and/or a rechargeable cell , and to wirelessly transmit or receive the expected remaining running time or the variable modified thereby within the field-device network by means of the first radio module , wherein each field device also has a second radio module for wireless data transmission with a superordinate unit not belonging to the field-device network , the method comprising:wirelessly transmitting the process variable and the expected ...

HIERARCHICAL HARDWARE LINKED LIST APPROACH FOR MULTICAST REPLICATION ENGINE IN A NETWORK ASIC

A multicast rule is represented in a hierarchical linked list with N tiers. Each tier or level in the hierarchical linked list corresponds to a network layer of a network stack that requires replication. Redundant groups in each tier are eliminated such that the groups in each tier are stored exactly once in a replication table. A multicast replication engine traverses the hierarchical linked list and replicates a packet according to each node in the hierarchical linked list. 1. A network switching device comprising:a memory; anda replication table stored in the memory and including a hierarchical linked list with N tiers, wherein each node in the hierarchical linked list is stored as an entry in the replication table and each of the entries include a control field having a value associated with one or both of whether a copy of a packet is made and how to modify the copy relative to an original.2. The network switching device of claim 1 , wherein each tier in the hierarchical linked list corresponds to a network layer of a network stack that requires replication.3. (canceled)4. The network switching device of claim 1 , wherein the entry includes N pointer fields.5. The network switching device of claim 4 , wherein a first pointer field of the N pointer fields for a node in the itier of the hierarchical linked list includes a pointer to the next node in the itier of the hierarchical linked list or a NULL value.6. The network switching device of claim 5 , wherein a second pointer field of the N pointer fields for the node in the itier of the hierarchical linked list includes a pointer to a node in the (i+1)tier of the hierarchical linked list or a NULL value.7. The network switching device of claim 6 , wherein the node in the (i+1)tier of the hierarchical linked list is the first node in a linked list.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. The network switching device of claim 1 , wherein the multicast replication engine traverses the hierarchical linked list.11. The network ...

WIRELESS MESH NETWORK AND DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD

A time synchronised network comprising a plurality of nodes, the plurality of nodes each comprising a receiver, a transmitter, a controller and memory storing program instructions. The plurality of nodes are suitable for participating in time synchronised data re-transmission within the network. The plurality of nodes comprise a plurality of source nodes, a plurality of destination nodes and at least one intermediate node. The plurality of source nodes transmitting data concurrently with the other source nodes via the respective transmitter in a first flooding round to a plurality of corresponding destination nodes. The plurality of destination nodes receiving data via the respective receiver from a plurality of corresponding source nodes. The intermediate node receiving, via the respective receiver, data from at least one of the plurality of source nodes, and re-transmitting the received data in the form it was received using the transmitter. 1. A time synchronised network comprising a plurality of nodes , the plurality of nodes each comprising:a receiver, a transmitter, a controller and memory storing program instructions, the plurality of nodes suitable for participating in time synchronised data re-transmission within the network;the plurality of nodes comprising a plurality of source nodes, a plurality of destination nodes and at least one intermediate node;the respective program instructions of each of the plurality of source nodes causing the respective controller, when executed by the respective controller, to:transmit data concurrently with the other source nodes via the respective transmitter in a first flooding round to a plurality of corresponding destination nodes;the respective program instructions of the plurality of destination nodes causing the respective controller, when executed by the respective controller, to:receive data via the respective receiver from a plurality of corresponding source nodes;the respective program instructions of the ...

Control apparatus, communication system, relay apparatus control method, and program

A control apparatus includes: a first control unit that configures a first virtual network by setting control information in a relay apparatus(es); a multicast group management unit that holds a configuration(s) of a multicast group(s) configured by an apparatus(es) connected to the relay apparatus(es); a multicast path calculation unit that calculates a path(s) for transmitting a multicast packet(s) to the apparatus(es) that belongs to the multicast group(s) on the basis of information about a topology representing a connection relationship about the relay apparatus(es); and a second control unit that sets control information instructing forwarding of the multicast packet(s) along the path(s) in the relay apparatus(es).

DUPLICATE ADDRESS DETECTION BASED ON DISTRIBUTED BLOOM FILTER

In one embodiment, a method comprises: generating, by a first network device in a network, a Bloom filter bit vector representing device addresses of devices having attached to at least one of the first network device or a second network device in the network; and determining whether a new device address is not a duplicate of any of the device addresses in the network based on the Bloom filter bit vector. 1. A method comprising:generating, by a first network device in a network, a Bloom filter bit vector representing device addresses of devices having attached to at least one of the first network device or a second network device in the network; anddetermining whether a new device address is not a duplicate of any of the device addresses in the network based on the Bloom filter bit vector.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving, by the first network device, a remote Bloom filter bit vector from the second network device, the remote Bloom filter bit vector representing the device addresses of remote devices having attached to the second network device;the generating including generating a local Bloom filter bit vector based on the device addresses of the devices having attached to the first network device, and generating the Bloom filter bit vector based on the local Bloom filter bit vector and the remote Bloom filter bit vector.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determining includes:identifying the new device address as conflicting with at least one of the local Bloom filter bit vector or the remote Bloom filter bit vector; anddetermining whether the new device address is a duplicate based on causing resolution of the new device address relative to an address table associated with the conflicted one Bloom filter bit vector.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the causing resolution includes the first network device sending a unicast message to the second network device for resolution of the new device address relative to the address table ...

DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF ADVERTISEMENT PACKETS

In general, in one aspect, embodiments relate to a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform a method. The method includes receiving, by a controller, a first plurality of multicast advertisement packets from a first networking device on an external network, wherein the plurality of multicast advertisement packets are received at a first frequency, storing, by the controller, one of the first plurality of multicast advertisement packets in an advertisement packet repository, and transmitting, by the controller, information in the one of the plurality of advertisement packets on an internal network at a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is less frequent than the first frequency. 1. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that , when executed by a processor , perform a method comprising:receiving, by a controller, a first plurality of multicast advertisement packets from a first networking device on an external network, wherein the plurality of multicast advertisement packets are received at a first frequency;storing, by the controller, one of the first plurality of multicast advertisement packets in an advertisement packet repository; andtransmitting, by the controller, information in the one of the plurality of advertisement packets on an internal network at a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is less frequent than the first frequency.2. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1 , the method further comprising:receiving, by the controller, a second plurality of multicast advertisement packets from a second networking device on the external network;determining, by the controller, that an attribute of a second multicast advertisement packet of the second plurality of multicast advertisement packets matches an attribute of the first multicast advertisement packet of the first plurality of multicast advertisement packets; andvalidating the ...

Method And Apparatus For Sharing TCAP Traffic Load

The present invention relates to a point code emulation apparatus and method for dividing a Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (or SS7) signaling network into two or more networks. The point code emulator is adapted to receive TCAP messages from two or more subnets and converts, for the messages crossing over the subnets, the information of the TCAP messages, including originating point code, destination point code, and transaction identifier, (and optionally, calling party number and called party number), and forwards to the other one of the two or more subnets. Correspondence among the two or more subnets may be provisioned by an authorized user of the system, may be learned automatically by the system based on ISUP message correspondences or previous TCAP transactions, or may be automatically discovered by the system broadcasting messages to nodes in the destined one of the two or more subnets. 1. A Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) node for routing a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) message from a first subnet to a second subnet by discovering a destination node from a plurality of nodes in the second subnet , comprising:a) a first interface for the first subnet;b) a second interface for the second subnet; i) receiving the TCAP message from the first subnet through the first interface;', 'ii) broadcasting a message to all or a part of said plurality of the nodes in the second subnet through the second interface;', 'iii) receiving one or more responses to the message from one or more of said plurality of the nodes in the second subnet;', 'iv) determining the destination node based on a most successful one of the one or more responses; and', 'v) routing the most successful one of one or more responses to the first subnet through the first interface., 'c) a processor in communication with the first and second interfaces, the processor carries out the steps of2. The SS7 node as recited in claim 1 , wherein said broadcast message is TCAP Begin message.3 ...

Method And Apparatus For Sharing TCAP Traffic Load

The present invention relates to a point code emulation apparatus and method for dividing a Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (or SS7) signaling network into two or more networks. The point code emulator is adapted to receive TCAP messages from two or more subnets and converts, for the messages crossing over the subnets, the information of the TCAP messages, including originating point code, destination point code, and transaction identifier, (and optionally, calling party number and called party number), and forwards to the other one of the two or more subnets. Correspondence among the two or more subnets may be provisioned by an authorized user of the system, may be learned automatically by the system based on ISUP message correspondences or previous TCAP transactions, or may be automatically discovered by the system broadcasting messages to nodes in the destined one of the two or more subnets. 1. A Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) node for routing a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) message from a first node in a first subnet to a second node in a second subnet in a SS7 network with said first and second nodes having the same point code , said node comprising:a) a first interface for said first subnet;b) a second interface for said second subnet; i) preparing a first record for said first node and a second record for said second node in said structured database;', 'ii) receiving said TCAP message from said first node through said first interface;', 'iii) extracting originating point code (OPC), destination point code (DPC) and transaction identifier (TID) of said TCAP message;', 'iv) looking up and retrieving, from said structured database, said second record for a corresponding OPC, a corresponding DPC and a corresponding TID partially or combinedly based on said OPC, said DPC and said TID of said received TCAP message; and', 'v) replacing said OPC, said DPC and said TID of said received TCAP message with said corresponding OPC, said corresponding ...

SCALABLE OVERLAY MULTICAST ROUTING

The disclosure provides an approach for reducing congestion within a network, the network comprising a plurality of subnets, the plurality of subnets comprising a plurality of host machines and a plurality of virtual computing instances (VCIs) running on the plurality of host machines. Embodiments include receiving, by an edge services gateway (ESG) of a first subnet of the plurality of subnets, membership information for a group identifying a subset of the plurality of host machines. Embodiments include receiving a multicast packet directed to the group and selecting from the plurality of host machines, a replicator host machine for the multicast packet. Embodiments include sending, to the replicator host machine, the multicast packet along with metadata indicating that the replicator host machine is to replicate the multicast packet to remaining host machines of the subset of the plurality of host machines identified in the membership information for the group. 1. A method of reducing congestion within a network , the network comprising a plurality of subnets , the plurality of subnets comprising a plurality of host machines and a plurality of virtual computing instances (VCIs) running on the plurality of host machines , the method comprising:receiving, by an edge services gateway of a first subnet of the plurality of subnets, membership information for a group, wherein the membership information identifies a subset of the plurality of host machines;receiving, by the edge services gateway, a multicast packet directed to the group;selecting, by the edge services gateway, from the plurality of host machines, a replicator host machine for the multicast packet; andsending, by the edge services gateway, to the replicator host machine, the multicast packet along with metadata indicating that the replicator host machine is to replicate the multicast packet to remaining host machines of the subset of the plurality of host machines identified in the membership information ...

MODIFYING MULTICAST DOMAIN NAME SERVICE (MDNS) RESPONSES TO CONTROL ASSIGNMENT OF DISCOVERABLE RESOURCE PROVIDING DEVICES AVAILABLE ON NETWORK

An apparatus for helping with multicast domain name service (MDNS) discovery includes one or more processors configured to receive a first MDNS query from the resource seeking device, receive a first MDNS response from the resource providing device, and generate a second MDNS response according to the first MDNS response. The second MDNS response is generated at least by including a resource record from the first MDNS response and setting a time-to-live (TTL) value of the resource record in the second MDNS response to be lower than an original TTL value as specified for the resource record in the first MDNS response. The second MDNS response is sent to the resource seeking device in response to the first MDNS query. A hospitality establishment may thereby soft assign a media device to a user device while retaining the ability to change the media device assigned to the user device. 1. An apparatus for helping with multicast domain name service (MDNS) discovery , the apparatus comprising:one or more network interfaces coupled to a resource-seeking device and a resource-providing device;one or more storage devices; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more network interfaces and the one or more storage devices; receive a first MDNS query from the resource-seeking device;', 'receive a first MDNS response from the resource-providing device;', 'generate a second MDNS response according to the first MDNS response, wherein the second MDNS response is generated at least by including a resource record from the first MDNS response and setting a time-to-live (TTL) value of the resource record in the second MDNS response to be lower than an original TTL value as specified for the resource record in the first MDNS response; and', 'sending the second MDNS response to the resource-seeking device in response to the first MDNS query., 'wherein, by executing a plurality of software instructions loaded from the one or more storage devices, the one or more processors are ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING OVER THE TOP STREAMING

Various implementations described herein are directed to technologies for providing over the top streaming for one or more clients of a network. A network is formed among the network among customer premises equipment. The customer premises equipment may include at least a gateway and the one or more clients. A user selection for over the top (OTT) content is received. The OTT content is received and includes one or more cue points. The gateway is marked as a proxy server in response to receiving the one or more cue points. Proxy data is received from the gateway corresponding to the one or more cue points. 2. The method of providing OTT streaming for one or more clients of a network claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein the cloud-based server is a multiple system operator (MSO) OTT server.3. The method of providing OTT streaming for one or more clients of a network claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein the pushing of the OTT content claim 1 , by the cloud-based server claim 1 , to the IP client occurs before the IP client selects the OTT content.4. The method of providing OTT streaming for one or more clients of a network claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein the pushing of the OTT content claim 1 , by the cloud-based server claim 1 , to the IP client occurs after the IP client selects the OTT content.5. The method of providing OTT streaming for one or more clients of a network claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein the cloud-based server inserts the one or more proxy cue points in the OTT as metadata claim 1 , which may be delivered as out of band data or IP data.6. The method of providing OTT streaming for one or more clients of a network claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein the cloud-based server inserts the one or more proxy cue points in the OTT as a different packet identifier (PID).7. The method of providing OTT streaming for one or more clients of a network claim 6 , according to claim 6 , wherein the different PID includes a trigger or index ...

Communication device and communication method

[Object] To provide a communication device and a communication method which are capable of achieving both an improvement in reliability of communication in which a frame is transmitted to a plurality of destinations and effective use of wireless communication resources. [Solution] The communication device includes: a communication unit configured to perform communication of a frame. The communication unit transmits a transmission acknowledgment request frame for a transmission acknowledgment response frame including frequency allocation information specifying a transmission frequency of the transmission acknowledgment response frame, and receives the transmission acknowledgment response frame which has undergone frequency division multiplexing, on the basis of the frequency allocation information.

DATA COMPRESSION IN A COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

A method and apparatus for handling data compression in a mobile communication network. A node located between a mobile terminal and a mobility anchor point determines compression information relating to data transferred between the node and the mobile terminal. The node then sends the compression information to a network repository node for storage and retrieval by a further node in an event that subsequent mobility of the mobile terminal leads to transferring data between the mobile terminal and the further node. 1. A method at a node located between a mobile terminal and a mobility anchor point for handling data compression in a mobile communication network , the method comprising:determining compression information relating to data transferred between the node and the mobile terminal;sending the compression information to a network repository node for storage and retrieval by a further node in an event that subsequent mobility of the mobile terminal leads to transferring data between the mobile terminal and the further node.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compression information comprises at least one byte pattern and a signature associated with the byte pattern.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the sent compression information relates to any of the node and the mobile terminal.4. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising:receiving an unknown signature from the mobile terminal;determining that the unknown signature is not recognized;sending a request to the network repository node for a byte pattern associated with the unknown signature; andreceiving from the network repository the byte pattern associated with the unknown signature.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising multicasting the compression information to a plurality of further nodes.6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising performing packet inspection prior to sending compression information towards the network repository node.7. A ...

POLICY ENFORCEMENT PROXY

Systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media for implementing a policy enforcement proxy are disclosed. A data packet associated with a source endpoint group and a destination endpoint group is received at a network device. The network device performs a policy lookup based on the source endpoint group and the destination endpoint group. The network device determines that the policy is not available and in response, modifies the data packet and forwards it to a policy enforcement proxy. 1. A method comprising:receiving a data packet at a network device;determining a source endpoint group (sEPG) and a destination endpoint group (dEPG) for the data packet;determining that a policy for the data packet is not stored on the network device, the policy based on a combination of the sEPG and the dEPG;modifying the data packet to include a destination group tag identifying the dEPG; andforwarding the modified data packet to a policy enforcement proxy.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving the data packet from the policy enforcement proxy;determining that the policy has been enforced; andforwarding the data packet to a destination endpoint.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sEPG and the dEPG are based on at least one of a subnet claim 1 , an internet protocol (IP) address claim 1 , a virtual local area network (VLAN) claim 1 , or a media access control (MAC) address.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the policy is further based on a protocol associated with the data packet claim 3 , wherein the protocol is determined according to a port number.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the network device has insufficient memory resources to store the policy.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the network device has insufficient hardware resources to enforce the policy.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the policy is one of redirect claim 1 , deny claim 1 , allow claim 1 , change quality of service (QoS) claim 1 , encrypt claim 1 , drop claim ...

INFORMATION TRANSFER METHOD AND DEVICE

Disclosed in the present application are an information transfer method and device. When a user side node sends a traffic request through a MLD, IGMP or PIM protocol or sends prefix information through routing protocols such as Babel, BGP, OSPF, ISIS and the like, a forwarding side node can clearly know by a manner of adding a user side mark whether the user side node is connected to the forwarding node. When performing forwarding according to a BIER rule, the forwarding side node can identify the user side node and encapsulate a packet to have a correct destination address to be sent, so as to ensure that the user side node can correctly receive a traffic message. 1. An information transfer method , comprising:sending, by a user side node, a multicast protocol message or routing protocol message carrying a user side flag to a forwarding side node.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the user side flag is indicated by a newly defined flag bit in the multicast protocol message or the routing protocol message claim 1 , or by a newly defined Type Length Value (TLV) in the multicast protocol message or the routing protocol message claim 1 , or by a newly defined sub-TLV in the multicast protocol message or the routing protocol message.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of sending claim 1 , by the user side node claim 1 , the multicast protocol message carrying the user side flag to the forwarding side node comprises: sending claim 1 , by the user side node through a multicast protocol claim 1 , a traffic request carrying the user side flag; andthe step of sending, by the user side node, the routing protocol message carrying the user side flag to the forwarding side node comprises: advertising, by the user side node through a routing protocol, prefix information with an added user side flag.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the multicast protocol comprises at least one of: a Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol claim 3 , an ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING SMA LEVEL ABSTRACTIONS AT ROUTER PORTS FOR INTER-SUBNET EXCHANGE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION IN A HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Systems and methods for supporting SMA level abstractions at router ports for inter-subnet exchange of management information in a high performance computing environment. In accordance with an embodiment, a subnet manager in a local subnet is responsible for establishing and configuring a remote attribute a switch having a switch port configured as a router port. This remote attribute can comprise certain information about the local subnet, including connectivity information and port status information. On receiving a query from a remote subnet manager, via a SMP (or a vendor specific SMP), information contained in the remote attribute can be communicated back to the remote subnet manager. 1. A system for supporting SMA level abstractions at router ports for inter-subnet exchange of management information in a high performance computing environment , comprising:one or more microprocessors; a plurality of switches of the first subnet, wherein each of the plurality of switches comprise a plurality of switch ports,', 'a plurality of host channel adapters of the first subnet, each host channel adapter comprising at least one host channel adapter port,', 'wherein the plurality of switches and the plurality of host channel adapters are physically interconnected according to a physical connectivity information of the first subnet, 'a first subnet, the first subnet comprising'}wherein a switch port of the plurality of switch ports on a switch of the plurality of switches is configured as a router port;wherein the switch of the plurality of switches that comprises the switch port of the plurality of switch ports configured as a router port comprises a remotely accessible attribute; andwherein the remotely accessible attribute comprises information about the first subnet, the information about the first subnet comprising at least the physical connectivity information of the first subnet.2. The system of claim 1 ,wherein the remotely accessible attribute is associated with a ...

Controlling an aggregate number of unique pim joins in one or more pim join/prune messages received from a pim neighbor

The potential problem of too many unique protocol independent multicast (PIM) joins (corresponding to unique (Source, Group) combinations) in PIM join/prune messages being received by a router may be solved by controlling (e.g., limiting) a number of unique PIM joins to be sent to the router from a downstream device. This may be accomplished, for example, by communicating a limit (or multiple different limits) from a PIM device to one or more downstream PIM neighbors. For example, the limit may be encoded in a PIM Hello message (e.g., as an Option Type-Length-Value (TLV)).

Optimized Multicast Routing in a Clos-Like Network

Techniques are provided for optimizing multicast routing in a network. At a router device, a message is sent to one or more physical devices. The message is configured to solicit a response indicating a network assignment for each of the physical devices. A response message is received from each of the physical devices. The response message comprises network assignment information for each of the physical devices. For each of the physical devices, the network assignment information is translated into a segment identifier. The segment identifier is distributed to other router devices in the network

Bit Indexed Explicit Replication Forwarding Optimization

Various systems and methods for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER). For example, one method involves receiving a packet at a node. The packet includes a bit string. The node traverses the bit string and selects an entry in a bit indexed forwarding table (BIFT). The entry includes a forwarding bit mask. Based on the forwarding bit mask and the bit string, the node forwards the packet. 1. A method comprising: 'the packet comprises a bit string;', 'receiving a packet at a node, wherein'} the selecting comprises traversing the bit string, and', 'the entry comprises a forwarding bit mask; and, 'selecting an entry in an bit indexed forwarding table (BIFT), wherein'}forwarding the packet based on the forwarding bit mask and the bit string.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:generating the BIFT.3. The method of claim 2 , whereinthe generating the BIFT comprises accessing an existing BIFT.4. The method of claim 2 , whereinthe generating the BIFT comprises accessing a bit-indexed routing table (BIRT).5. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe traversing comprises locating a set bit in the bit string.6. The method of claim 1 , whereinthe BIFT is indexed by bit position.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:updating the bit string.8. A network device comprising:a memory storing a bit indexed forwarding table (BIFT); 'the packet comprises a bit string; and', 'a network interface configured to receive a packet, wherein'} [ selecting the entry comprises traversing the bit string, and', 'the entry comprises a forwarding bit mask, and, 'select an entry in the BIFT, wherein'}, 'forward the packet based on the forwarding bit mask and the bit string., 'a processor configured to'}9. The network device of claim 8 , wherein the processor is further configured to:generate the BIFT.10. The network device of claim 9 , whereingenerating the BIFT comprises accessing an existing BIFT.11. The network device of claim 9 , whereingenerating the BIFT comprises accessing ...

Virtual network device in a cloud computing environment

A device, of a cloud computing environment, includes a virtual network device that receives a packet with an address, and determines whether the packet is a broadcast packet or a unicast packet. The virtual network device processes the packet based on whether the packet is a broadcast packet or a unicast packet. The packet is transmitted to local address(es) or remote address(es) when the packet is a broadcast packet. The local address(es) is associated with at least one hardware component of the device, and the remote address(es) is associated with at least one other device, of the cloud computing environment, that is separate from the device. The packet is transmitted based on whether the address, of the packet, matches the local address(es) or the remote address(es) when the packet is a unicast packet.

METHODS FOR DELIVERY OF FLOWS OF OBJECTS OVER BROADCAST/MULTICAST ENABLED NETWORKS

Content (e.g., multimedia streams, audio-video streams, video files, text, etc.) may be delivered to receiver devices over a broadcast channel and/or via a broadcast network via components (e.g., servers, receiver device, software applications, modules, processes, etc.) configured to communicate the content in a manner that reduces the amount of information communicated over the broadcast network, reduces the amount network bandwidth consumed by the communication, meets precise timing requirements for the individual objects that are communicated, and enables each receiver device to receive, decode, and render the content without consuming an excess amount of that receiver device's battery or processing resources. 1. A method of communicating information via a network , comprising: the packet includes data of at least one source object in the collection of related source objects; and', 'the flow identifier indicates an association of the collection of related source objects with the single flow and the flow identifier is the same for all source objects in the collection of related source objects., 'receiving, in a receiver device, a packet including a transport session identifier and a flow identifier for a single flow of a collection of related source objects via a unidirectional transport transmission, wherein2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:recovering the collection of related source objects based on the association of the related source objects with the single flow.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional transport transmission is a broadcast transmission.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the network is a broadcast network.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the packet includes forward error correction (FEC) repair data, a repair flow identifier, and a repair object identifier; anda combination of the repair flow identifier and the repair object identifier identify from which of the source objects in the collection of related source ...

SWITCH RESOURCE MANAGER

Example implementations relate to a switch resource manager for a network switching device. In an example, a network switching device includes a packet switching device and an operating system kernel. The operating system kernel includes a driver for the packet switching device. The network switching device also includes a switch resource manager including a library of commands for the packet switching device. The switch resource manager can send commands to the packet switching device via the driver. The operating system kernel can load a network operating system instance into user space of the network switching device. 1. A network switching device , comprising:ports;a packet switching device associated with the ports;a first network operating system (NOS) instance;a second NOS instance; anda switch resource manager to (1) allocate a first plurality of the ports to the first NOS instance and a second plurality of the ports to the second NOS instance, and (2) enforce the allocation such that the first NOS instance can control the packet switching device for only the first plurality of the ports and the second NOS instance can control the packet switching device for only the second plurality of the ports.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an interface for the switch resource manager to receive instructions for allocating the ports to the first and second NOS instances.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:a CPU and memory; andan operating system kernel to mediate access to the CPU, memory, and packet switching device, the operating system kernel including a driver for the packet switching device,the switch resource manager including a software development kit (SDK) for the packet switching device in order to interface with the driver for the packet switching device.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein:the switch resource manager is to maintain a resource map to track the allocation of the ports to the first and second NOS instances,the switch ...

Collaborative platform for teams with messaging and learning across groups

The present disclosure extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for providing collaboration among users within a group for improved communication and scheduling.

Methods and apparatuses for managing simultaneous unicast and multicast/broadcast services in a wireless communication system

Techniques are provided for managing simultaneous unicast and multicast/broadcast services. For example, there is provided a method operable by a user equipment (UE) or the like, that involves transmitting, upon initial connection with a wireless communication system, a first message indicating one or more capabilities of the UE. The method may further involve transmitting a second message indicating that the UE is receiving or is about to receive a multicast/broadcast service. The method may also involve receiving, as a result of the second message, data scheduled in accordance with one or more predetermined rules.

INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD AND DEVICE, AND COMPUTER STORAGE MEDIUM

The present disclosure relates to an information processing method, comprising: encapsulating, in a link layer discovery protocol data unit (LLDPDU), bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) bit string length information of a first node; and sending to a second node the LLDPDU, wherein the second node is an adjacent node of the first node, and the BIER bit string length information of the first node is used to forward BIER traffic. The present disclosure also relates to an information processing device. 1. A method for processing information , the method being applied to a first node and comprising:encapsulating bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) bit string length information of the first node into a link layer discovery protocol data unit (LLDPDU); andsending the LLDPDU to a second node, the second node being an adjacent node of the first node, whereinthe BIER bit string length information of the first node is used in forwarding of BIER traffic.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the BIER bit string length information of the first node is identified by a new type of type-length-value (TLV) defined by a link layer discovery protocol (LLDP).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a value of the BIER bit string length information identified by the new type of TLV is at least one specific bit string length value.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein a value of the BIER bit string length information identified by the new type of TLV occupies one byte in the new type of TLV claim 2 , each bit in the one byte identifies a bit string length value.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein a value of the BIER bit string length information identified by the new type of TLV occupies at least two bytes in the new type of TLV claim 2 , each of the at least two bytes identifies a bit string length value or a specific number of bits in the at least two bytes identify a bit string length value.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:acquiring the BIER bit string length information of the ...

HIERARCHICAL HARDWARE LINKED LIST APPROACH FOR MULTICAST REPLICATION ENGINE IN A NETWORK ASIC

A multicast rule is represented in a hierarchical linked list with N tiers. Each tier or level in the hierarchical linked list corresponds to a network layer of a network stack that requires replication. Redundant groups in each tier are eliminated such that the groups in each tier are stored exactly once in a replication table. A multicast replication engine traverses the hierarchical linked list and replicates a packet according to each node in the hierarchical linked list. 122-. (canceled)23. A method of implementing a network switch , the method comprising: replicating a packet according to instructions associated with a current node in a tier of the hierarchical linked list;', 'when a pointer to a node in the next tier of the hierarchical linked list is valid and a pointer to the next node in the same tier as the current node is valid, storing the pointer to the next node in the same tier as the current node in a stack and following the pointer to the node in the next tier of the hierarchical linked list;', 'when the pointer to the node in the next tier of the hierarchical linked list invalid and the pointer to the next node in the same tier as the current node is valid, following the pointer to the next node in the same tier as the current node; and', 'when the pointer to the node in the next tier of the hierarchical linked list invalid and the pointer to the next node in the same tier as the current node is invalid, removing data from the stack and returning to a node identified by the data that is removed from the stack., 'for each node of a hierarchical linked list,'}24. The method of claim 23 , wherein a replication table includes a plurality of multicast rules.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein each of the plurality of multicast rules is stored in multiple nodes arranged in a plurality of tiers.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein each of the multiple nodes has an entry stored exactly once in the replication table.27. The method of claim 25 , wherein at ...