Bush bearing

A bush bearing ( 1 ) is a wrapped bush bearing which has a cylindrical inner peripheral surface ( 2 ) serving as a sliding surface as well as an outer peripheral surface ( 3 ), and whose abutting faces ( 4 ) are abutted against each other. The outer peripheral surface ( 3 ) includes a cylindrical surface ( 11 ); a tapered surface ( 13 ) interposed between the cylindrical surface ( 11 ) and one annular end face ( 12 ) in an axial direction X and formed by roll forming; a smooth circular arc surface ( 14 ) interposed between the tapered surface ( 13 ) and the cylindrical surface ( 11 ); and a smooth circular arc surface ( 15 ) interposed between the tapered surface ( 13 ) and the end face ( 12 ).

Control of an electrical machine

A method of controlling an electrical machine that includes commutating a phase winding of the electrical machine at a time T_COM( 1 ) after a first edge and at a time T_COM( 2 ) after a second edge of a rotor-position signal. T_COM( 2 ) is defined by the equation: T_COM( 2 )=T_COM( 1 )+T_AVE−T_PD, where T_AVE is an average period between edges of the rotor-position signal, and T_PD is the period between the first and second edges. Additionally, a controller and control system that implement the method.

Method for attaching a spout to a flexible film pouch

A flexible film pouch includes an aperture to access its contents, and a closure means such as a re-sealable spout is applied over the aperture to permit sealed storage of the contents after opening. The closure means is attached to the flexible film pouch by means of a patch that is bonded to the inside of the pouch adjacent to the aperture. The patch is selected to have a mating surface that bonds with the inner surface of the pouch, where such bonding is preferably conducted by ultrasonic welding or adhesive bonding. The patch itself may have a hole that permits access to the contents of the pouch, or the closure means may include a cutting surface that tears a portion of the patch to permit access.

Anisotropic bearing supports for turbochargers

An exemplary anisotropic member supports a semi-floating bearing in a bore and can reduce non-synchronous vibration of the bearing in the bore. An anisotropic member can include an annular body configured to receive a semi-floating bearing and to space the bearing a distance from a bore surface and can be configured to impart anisotropic stiffness and damping terms to the semi-floating bearing when positioned in the bore. Such a member is suitable for use in a rotating assembly for a turbocharger where the bearing may be a semi-floating bearing. Various exemplary members, bearings, housings, assemblies, etc., are disclosed.

Self-standing bag and manufacturing method thereof

The self-standing bag comprises a package for accommodating a content, a port provided in the center of the top portion of the package, and reinforcing members formed of a thermoplastic resin which cover the outer faces of both side edges of the package. The lower end portion of the reinforcing member is located above the bottom edge of the package. The lower end portion of the reinforcing member is projected inward of a lower cutout.

Flexible package with access control feature

Exemplary embodiments are directed to flexible packages having an access control feature in the form of a strip of a malleable sheet material that can be used to form a dead fold to re-close an opened package and prevent spilling. The access control feature can also be used to keep the mouth of the package open for easier access when the contents of the package are being consumed. Exemplary embodiments operate in an intuitive manner and are easy to use. The access control feature provides a tactile cue to the user for properly closing the package, as well as visual assurance that the package has been closed.

Data carrier card and method for manufacturing a data carrier card

A card body for a portable data carrier, in particular a chip card or magnetic strip card, and a method for manufacturing a card body. The card body includes at least a coextruded foil having at least two areas with different material properties. By using coextruded foils a card body consisting of a plurality of alternating opaque and transmissive strips as well as a card body with a window can be formed in a simple fashion.

Light-coupling optical systems and methods employing light-diffusing optical fibert

Light-coupling systems and methods that employ light-diffusing optical fiber are disclosed. The systems include a light source and a light-diffusing optical fiber optically coupled thereto. The light-diffusing optical fiber has a core, a cladding and a length. At least a portion of the core comprises randomly arranged voids configured to provide substantially spatially continuous light emission from the core and out of the cladding along at least a portion of the length. A portion of the light-diffusing optical is embedded in an index-matching layer disposed adjacent a lower surface of a transparent sheet. Light emitted by the light-diffusing optical fiber is trapped within the transparent sheet and index-matching layer by total internal reflection and is scattered out of the upper surface of the transparent sheet by at least one scattering feature thereon.

Motor control device

A motor control device includes: a feedforward computing section for computing a motion reference value and a feedforward driving force based on a motion command; a deviation compensation computing section for outputting a deviation compensation driving force by a control computation for reducing a control deviation; a driving-force command synthesizing section for outputting a driving-force command based on the feedforward driving force and the deviation compensation driving force; a reaction-force compensation computing section for computing a motion correction value based on a predetermined reaction-force reference value and the deviation compensation driving force; and a control-deviation computing section for computing the control deviation based on a deviation between the motion reference value and a motor motion detection value, and the motion correction value.

Motor control device

A motor control device includes a feedback filter that has filter characteristics that a frequency response gain is substantially one at frequencies equal to or lower than a filter cutoff frequency, a frequency response gain decreases with increase in frequency in a range from the filter cutoff frequency ωfL to a filter upper limit frequency ωfH higher than the filter cutoff frequency ωfL, and a frequency response gain is substantially constant at frequencies equal to or higher than the filter upper limit frequency ωfH, and performs computing to apply the filter characteristics to a feedback transfer function, wherein a control-constant set unit sets a speed gain Kv and at least one of the filter cutoff frequency ωfL and the filter upper limit frequency ωfH to reduce a ratio of the filter upper limit frequency ωfH to the filter cutoff frequency ωfL with increase in the speed gain Kv.

Discontinuous linear motor system

A linear motor system includes a discontinuous linear motor and motor control device. The discontinuous linear motor includes a mover and a plurality of individual motors spaced from each other along a movement path of the mover. Each of the individual motors functions as an armature on a primary side of one independent linear motor. A sensor, arranged to act as a linear scale, is disposed for each individual motor and detects a position of the mover. The motor control device includes a plurality of individual motor control units and a multiple unit controller to comprehensively control the individual motor control units. The individual motor control units control the individual motors disposed in curved path sections, and each of the individual motor control units includes a curved-line correspondence corrector to correct a detection value obtained from the sensor according to a relationship between a curved line of the path and a position of the sensor.

Bag with port member and connection structure thereof

A bag with a port member according to the present invention includes a bag having an opening and a port member attached to the opening. In addition, the port member has a tubular insertion portion and a bag side connection portion that is connected to a container side connection portion of other container, and the bag is positioned on the innermost circumferential face side of the bag with a port member on an inner face of the insertion portion. According to the bag with a port member, the bag with a port member that can reduce a residual amount of contents to be as small as possible when the contents inside the bag are taken out can be provided.

Flexible Materials for Flexible Containers

A flexible material for a flexible container can include a first laminate and a second laminate joined to at least a portion of the first laminate by at least one seal. The first laminate can include a first gas barrier layer disposed between first and second sealable layers, wherein the first and second sealable layers define opposed exterior layers of the first laminate. The second laminate can include a third sealable layer defining an exterior layer of the second laminate, and a second gas barrier layer. The at least one seal joins a portion of the third sealable layer to at least a portion of the second sealable layer.

Sequentially placed shipping and packing label system

A system for providing a shipping label and a packing list on a container is provided which enables rapid and automated sequential application of a packing list and a shipping label to the container. The shipping label is configured complemental to the packing list whereby the packing list may first be adhered directly to the container and then the shipping label may be placed thereover. The shipping label may be applied over the packing list while the container moves continuously down a conveyor. The invention further includes an apparatus for sequentially applying the packing list and then the shipping label, and a method for applying the packing list and shipping label in registry.

Motor driving apparatus

There is provided a motor driving apparatus capable of optimizing driving efficiency by adjusting a phase difference between current applied to a motor and voltage detected from the motor and performing the adjustment of the phase difference when a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal has a set duty. The motor driving apparatus includes: a driving unit driving a motor according to driving control; a driving controlling unit controlling the driving of the motor by the driving unit, based on an adjusted phase correction signal; and a phase correcting unit correcting a phase difference between a motor detection signal having motor rotation speed information and a current detection signal having detection information regarding current flowing in the motor when a duty of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal driving the motor satisfies a preset reference duty, and providing the phase correction signal to the driving controlling unit.

Shipping and packing label system

A system for providing a shipping label and a packing list on a container is provided which enables rapid and automated sequential application of a packing list and a shipping label to the container. The shipping label is configured complemental to the packing list whereby the packing list may first be adhered directly to the container and then the shipping label may be placed thereover. The shipping label may be applied over the packing list while the container moves continuously down a conveyor. The invention further includes an apparatus for sequentially applying the packing list and then the shipping label, and a method for applying the packing list and shipping label in registry.

ONE-TO-ONE TORQUE COUPLING

A coupling includes a centre member, left and right side members, and a plurality of torque transfer elements. The centre member has a main axis of rotation, and the side members each have a common offset axis of rotation offset from the main axis. The torque transfer elements transfer torque between the centre member and the side members. Each torque transfer element includes a pin that extends through a hole in the centre member into a respective cut-out in the side members, an inner set of roller bearings disposed within the respective hole of the centre member in engagement with an outer surface of the pin, an outer set of roller bearings in engagement with a surface of the respective hole of the centre member, and a crescent element disposed within the respective hole of the centre member in engagement with the inner and outer sets of roller bearings. 1. A coupling comprising:a centre member having a main axis of rotation and including a plurality of holes disposed about the main axis at a radius;a left side member and a right side member, each having a common offset axis of rotation parallel to and offset from the main axis, each side member including a plurality of holes congruent with the holes in the centre member and disposed about the offset axis at the radius; anda plurality of torque transfer elements extending through the holes of the centre member into the holes of the side members;wherein the centre member is disposed between the side members, and the torque transfer elements rotate about a third axis parallel to and disposed midway between the main axis and the offset axis and transfer torque between the centre member and the side members through rolling contact between the torque transfer elements and the holes of the centre and side members, andwherein the plurality of holes of the centre member are equally spaced about the main axis;the plurality of holes of the left side member and the right side member comprise equally spaced cut-outs centered ...

Sidelight Backlight Module with Assisting Solar Light Source and Liquid Crystal Display Device

The present invention provides a side-light backlight module with assisting solar light source and which comprises a side-light source; a waveguide having an incident surface facing the side-light source and an emitting surface; an optical film set arranged on top of the waveguide and facing the emitting surface; and an assisting light source directing collected solar light into the incident surface of the waveguide. With the provision of the assisting light source, the solar light can be used as an assisting light source making the backlight module and the liquid crystal display device made therefrom become more environmental friendly.

Bearing bushing and method for manufacturing a bearing bushing

A bearing bushing ( 1 ) and to a method for manufacturing a bearing bushing are provided. The bearing bushing includes a wire article ( 2 ) formed from knitted wire mesh or knitted wire fabric ( 6 ) and compressed into a dimensionally stable compressed product ( 3 ). The bearing bushing can be provided for supporting a throttle valve used in high-temperature applications. The wire article ( 2 ) is formed from a stainless steel. Existing voids ( 10 ) of the compressed product ( 3 ) are filled with solder ( 4 ).

Textile Fabric With Particle Attracting Finish

A textile fabric wiper is provided having a polymer coating applied to enhance the attraction of the wiper to particulate contaminants, especially particles in the range of 0.5 to 20 microns.

Apparatus for controlling inverter

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for controlling an inverter in an inverter system. The apparatus includes: a first determining unit to determine a magnitude, a phase and a frequency of an input voltage to an electric motor in the inverter system; and a second determining unit to determine a restart command voltage for generating an inverter driving voltage larger than a residual voltage in the electric motor using the magnitude of the input voltage determined by the first determining unit, when the inverter system is restarted.

System for controlling motor of hybrid electric vehicle

A system for controlling a motor of a hybrid vehicle determines a current of a first axis and a current of a second axis according to a driving condition, converts the currents of the first and second axes into a 3-phase AC current, and drives the motor by applying the 3-phase AC current to the motor, and includes: a revised temperature calculation module that calculates a revised temperature in order to compensate a torque error according to counter electromotive force dispersion of the motor; and a current determination module that determines the currents of the first and second axes by substituting the corrected temperature to a current map for each temperature and by using a demand torque at a present driving condition, a present speed of the motor, and a maximum counter magnetic flux of the motor.

Multiple Waveguide Imaging Structure

In embodiments of a multiple waveguide imaging structure, a wearable display device includes left and right imaging units of respective display lens systems to generate an augmented reality image that includes a virtual image. Each of the left and right imaging units include a first waveguide for see-through viewing at a first field of view, where the first waveguide includes a first polarizing beam splitter to reflect light that enters at a first polarization orientation angle and pass through the light that enters at a second polarization orientation angle. Each of the left and right imaging units also include at least a second waveguide for see-through viewing at a second field of view, where the second waveguide includes a second polarizing beam splitter to reflect the light that enters at the first polarization orientation angle and pass through the light that enters at the second polarization orientation angle.

Gear Shaft for Accommodating Thermal Expansion and Transmission System Incorporating the Same

A gear shaft allows a ceramic bearing to be used in environments where gear steel is desirable for driving a gear. The gear shaft includes a gear region and a bearing region. A bearing can be disposed about the bearing region of the gear shaft. A gear can be disposed about the gear region of the gear shaft. The bearing includes a ceramic material. The gear region of the gear shaft includes gear steel, whereas the bearing region of the gear shaft includes a bearing-region material that has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is close to the CTE of the ceramic material.

BOTTLE POUCH WITH RIGID HANDLE

A bottle pouch with an integrated fitment and inner support handle piece includes a flexible pouch in the shape of a bottle including a flexible pouch body with a handle region, and a combined fitment and inner support handle piece including a rigid handle portion extending from the combined fitment and inner support handle piece. The combined fitment and inner support handle piece is coupled to the flexible pouch. The inner support handle piece extends from the inside of the fitment and is internal to the flexible pouch body and passes from the interior to the exterior of the flexible pouch body adjacent to the handle region of the flexible pouch body to form the rigid handle portion. In another form, the inner support handle piece extends from the outside periphery of the fitment and is external to the flexible pouch body, but is secured to the periphery of the flexible pouch body with one or more outer sleeves or loops. 1. A bottle pouch with an integrated fitment and inner support handle piece comprising:a flexible pouch in the shape of a bottle comprising a flexible pouch body with a handle region,a combined fitment and inner support handle piece including a rigid handle portion extending from the combined fitment and inner support handle piece,wherein the combined fitment and inner support handle piece is coupled to the flexible pouch,wherein the inner support handle piece extends from the inside of the fitment and is internal to the flexible pouch body, andwherein the inner support handle piece passes from the interior of the flexible pouch body to the exterior of the flexible pouch body adjacent to the handle region of the flexible pouch body to form the rigid handle portion that increases the rigidity of the handle region of the flexible pouch.2. The bottle pouch of claim 1 , wherein the inner support handle piece passes from the exterior of the flexible pouch body back into the interior of the flexible pouch body adjacent to the handle region of the ...

Methods and apparatuses for compensating for friction torques of permanent magnet synchronous motors

A method of compensating for a friction torque of a permanent magnet synchronous motor may include: receiving input of a motor current and a rotor speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor; estimating a motor torque based on the input motor current; acquiring a first friction torque corresponding to the input rotor speed and the estimated motor torque by using a lookup table of friction torques; compensating for a second friction torque of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the first friction torque, wherein the compensating is in response to a first torque command input to control driving of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and outputs a second torque command that compensates for the second friction torque; and/or controlling the driving of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the second torque command.

Bearing ring including a temperature compensation ring, bearing including the bearing ring, and method for manufacturing a bearing ring

A bearing ring includes a temperature compensation ring made from an elastic material vulcanized or otherwise materially bonded onto an outer surface of the bearing ring, the outer surface being oriented in a radial direction. The bearing ring includes a radially encircling groove, and in an unloaded state of the temperature compensation ring, that is, independently of an application of axial pressure against the temperature compensation ring, the temperature compensation ring fills the groove in an interference-fit manner.

Method for operating a circuit assembly

A method for operating a circuit system having at least three control stages for at least three phases, each of the control stages having a high-side switch and a low-side switch, each of the high-side switches and each of the low-side switches being capable of being brought into an electrically conductive state and into an electrically non-conductive state, a quantity being determined that influences the temperature of the high-side switches and/or of the low-side switches, either the high-side switches or the low-side switches being selected in a group as a function of the quantity influencing the temperature, and the selected high-side switches or low-side switches being controlled in a freewheeling phase in such a way that the selected high-side switches or low-side switches form a freewheel during the freewheeling phase.

Motor driving circuit, motor driving method and motor device using the same

A motor driving circuit for driving a brushless motor with a sine wave driving mode in a continuous running phase is provided. The motor driving circuit includes a rotor position identifying module configured to identify a sector k in which a rotor of the brushless motor is currently located and an initial electrical angle θ k of the sector k, a speed calculation module configured to obtain an expected ω k of the rotor in the sector k by calculating the average speed of one or more sectors previous to the sector k; and a calculation/control module configured to determine a real-time electrical angle θ, determine a real-time equivalent voltage, and obtain a corresponding pulse modulation driving signal.

Light-mixing rod

The invention relates to a light-mixing rod for homogenizing a light bundle, preferably for use in projection devices, wherein the intensity centroid of the light bundle moves in a longitudinal direction between a light inlet surface and a light outlet surface, and reflecting surfaces are present in the light-mixing rod, the surface normals of said reflecting surfaces being perpendicular or inclined relative to said longitudinal direction, with partial beams being reflected by said reflecting surfaces so as to guide the light bundle. Light emitting diodes having a direction of action oriented toward the interior space and having a defined radiation characteristic are provided in the lateral surfaces of the light-mixing rod and/or in the light inlet surface for the purpose of forming the light bundle.

Multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflection

High-resolution, scalable multi-touch sensing display systems and processes based on frustrated total internal reflection employ an optical waveguide that receives light, such as infrared light, that undergoes total internal reflection and an imaging sensor that detects light that escapes the optical waveguide caused by frustration of the total internal reflection due to contact by a user. The optical waveguide when fitted with a compliant surface overlay provides superior sensing performance, as well as other benefits and features. The systems and processes described provide true multi-touch (multi-input) and high-spatial and temporal resolution capability due to the continuous imaging of the frustrated total internal reflection that escapes the entire optical waveguide. Among other features and benefits, the systems and processes are scalable to large installations.

Hand-held or stationary power tool with a drive unit

Die Erfindung betrifft ein handgeführtes oder stationäres Elektrowerkzeug mit einer Antriebseinheit (1) mit einem Motor (2), der einen Rotor, der einen Dauermagneten umfasst, und einen Stator aufweist und mit einer Motorsteuerung (5), die so gestaltet ist, dass sie den Motor (2) in einem ersten Drehzahlbereich gemäß einer spannungsgesteuerten Betriebsart ansteuert und in einem zweiten Drehzahlbereich, der sich an den ersten Drehzahlbereich in Richtung einer höheren Drehzahl anschließt, gemäß einem Feldschwächebetrieb angesteuert wird. The invention relates to a hand-held or stationary power tool having a drive unit (1) with a motor (2) having a rotor comprising a permanent magnet and a stator and with a motor control (5) which is designed so that they Motor (2) drives in a first speed range according to a voltage-controlled operating mode and in a second speed range, which adjoins the first speed range in the direction of a higher speed, according to a field weakening operation is controlled.

A bearing component for a rolling bearing or for a sliding bearing

The invention concerns a bearing component (Ia, Ib, 1, 7, 9) for a rolling (13, 14, 16) or sliding bearing (19), wherein the bearing component (Ia, Ib, 1, 7, 9) is one of an inner ring (Ia, 1), an outer ring (Ib, 7), a rolling element (9), a cage, or a guide ring. The bearing component (Ia, Ib, 1, 7, 9) comprises a first material (2), and a second material (3) joined to the first material (2), wherein the second material (3) and the first material (2) having been joined by a semi-solid metal process.

Free-standing bag

Butt- ended bag with a buckle-over closing element

Apparatus and methods for nanolithography using nanoscale optics

An apparatus and methods for nanolithography using nanoscale optics are disclosed herein. Submicron-scale structures may be obtained using standard photolithography systems with a de-magnifying lens. A de-magnifying lens for use in a standard photolithography system includes a film having a top surface, a bottom surface and a plurality of cylindrical channels containing a dielectric material; and an array of carbon nanotubes penetrating the film through the plurality of cylindrical channels, wherein an image on the top surface of the film is converted into a de-magnified image on the bottom surface of the film by the carbon nanotubes.

Method and apparatus for limiting torque in an electric drive motor

A method ( 100 ) is provided for controlling torque of an electric motor ( 12 ) including the step ( 106 ) of supplying drive current to drive the electric motor. The speed of the electric motor is monitored ( 108 ) and from the monitored speed, it is determined ( 110 ) when the motor has reached a steady state condition. The supply current is turned off ( 118 ) if the monitored torque of the electric motor exceeds a predetermined value ( 114 ) after the electric motor has reached the steady state condition.

Vehicle control system

A control system for an electrically powered vehicle has thyristors acting as choppers and switches in its power circuit. An on-board digital computer provides gating pulses to the thyristors to control traction and auxiliary motors in accordance with programs responding to operator, circuit and vehicle condition signals. The programs provide for vehicle start-up, shutdown, regular operation, limited operation and maintenance.

Method and apparatus for limiting torque in an electric drive motor

A method ( 100 ) is provided for controlling torque of an electric motor ( 12 ) including the step ( 106 ) of supplying drive current to drive the electric motor. The speed of the electric motor is monitored ( 108 ) and from the monitored speed, it is determined ( 110 ) when the motor has reached a steady state condition. The supply current is turned off ( 118 ) if the monitored torque of the electric motor exceeds a predetermined value ( 114 ) after the electric motor has reached the steady state condition.

Motor revolution speed control device

A motor revolution control apparatus has a motor, a pulse generator, a control device and a microprocessor (CPU, ROM, RAM, etc). A slit disc is mounted on the shaft of the motor. The pulse generator generates pulses corresponding to the number of slits formed in the slit disc. The microprocessor controls each time interval (between the pulse corresponding to a given slit upon a first revolution of the slit disc and the pulse corresponding to the given slit upon a second revolution thereof) to be constant, thereby performing high-precision revolution control regardless of a slit interval error.

Light guide illumination device appearing uniform in brightness along its length

An illumination device that is relatively bright and uniform in appearance includes a light guide, which has a light guide core having an optically smooth surface for propagating light therethrough. A light emitting region, which extends along a portion of the core, includes at least one light extraction structure located along the optically smooth surface of the light guide core. The light extraction structure, which includes an optically reflective surface extending into the light guide core, is oriented to reflect light at an angle less than a critical angle necessary for light to propagate through the light guide core. A diffuse reflective material is disposed around at least a portion of the light guide. The diffuse reflective material directs at least a portion of the light reflected by the light extraction structure back through the light guide so that light is emitted through the light emitting region of the optically smooth surface.

[UNK]

Optical switching apparatus

A light direction switching apparatus and method is described. The light direction switching apparatus comprises a passive birefringent lens (138), e.g. a birefringent lenticular screen, and a switchable polariser (146). By switching the polariser (146), different directional distributions of output light are provided. The light direction switching apparatus may be used with or incorporated in a display device, such as a liquid crystal display device, to provide a display device switchable between a two dimensional mode and an autostereoscopic three dimensional mode, or to provide a multi-user display device where different images are displayed to different viewers. The light direction switching apparatus may also be used to provide switchable brightness enhancement of reflective or transflective display devices. The light direction switching apparatus may also be used to provide a fibre-optic switching apparatus. The switchable polariser may be mechanically switchable or electrically switchable.

Light expanding system for producing a linear or planar light beam from a point-like light source

A light expanding system for converting a light beam generated from a point-like light source into a collimated linear or planar light beam is disclosed herein. According to an embodiment of the invention, a system for producing a linear light beam includes a beam collector and a light pipe adjacent to which a multiplicity of specially configured microprisms are located. The light expanding system according to this embodiment is suitable for use in devices utilizing a linear light beam, such as a scanner. According to another embodiment of the invention, a system for producing a planar light beam includes, in addition to the beam collector and light pipe described above, an additional light pipe with adjacent microprisms. The light expanding system according to this embodiment of the invention can be used, for example, in displays, road signs, medical research equipment, instrument meters or jewelry; to light pictures or art work; or as part of a see-through lighting system for use in dentistry and surgery.

Quarter-wave film for brightness enhancement of holographic thin taillamp

A holographic thin rear exterior lamp for a vehicle including a light pipe (11) having first and second opposing surfaces (11a, 11b), a rear exterior lamp hologram (13, 113) attached to one of the first and second surfaces of the light pipe, a polarization rotating retarder film (16, 116) attached to one of the first and second opposing surfaces oppositely from the rear exterior lamp hologram, a light source (17, 19) for providing a substantially collimated beam, a transmission hologram (15) disposed on one of the first and second surfaces of the light pipe for coupling the substantially collimated beam into the light pipe such that a portion of the substantially collimated light propagates by total internal reflection within the light pipe, the rear exterior lamp hologram and the polarization rotating retarder film. The polarization rotating retarder film is configured to impart a substantially halfwave retardance to internally reflected light that passes twice therethrough.

Solar energy concentrator

A solar concentrator having a concentrator element for collecting input light, a reflective component with a plurality of incremental steps for receiving the light and also for redirecting the light, and a waveguide including a plurality of incremental portions enabling collection and concentration of the light.

Projection displays

A projection display which includes first and second waveguide elements, wherein the first waveguide element has a two input regions for injecting image bearing light into the first waveguide element. In this manner, the total field of view of the image to be displayed at the second waveguide element is divided into two sub-images prior to injection of one sub-image into one input region and the other sub-image into the other input region of the first waveguide element. This results in a smaller first waveguide element, thereby reducing obscuration of an observers view of a forward scene over which to the image to be displayed is overlaid.

Improvemements in or relating to display projectors

Efficient collimation of light with optical wedge

Embodiments of optical collimators are disclosed. For example, one disclosed embodiment comprises an optical waveguide having a first end, a second end opposing the first end, a viewing surface extending at least partially between the first end and the second end, and a back surface opposing the viewing surface. The viewing surface comprises a first critical angle of internal reflection, and the back surface is configured to be reflective at the first critical angle of internal reflection. Further, an end reflector is disposed at the second end of the optical waveguide, and includes a faceted lens structure to cause a majority of the viewing surface to be uniformly illuminated when uniform light is injected into the first end and also to cause a majority of the injected light to exit the viewing surface.

Multiple waveguide imaging structure

In embodiments of a multiple waveguide imaging structure, an imaging structure includes a first waveguide for see-through viewing of an environment at a first field of view, and includes a second waveguide for see-through viewing of the environment at a second field of view. The first and second waveguides each include a polarizing beam splitter to reflect light that enters at a first polarization orientation angle in the respective first and second waveguides, and the polarizing beam splitters pass through the light that enters at a second polarization orientation angle. The imaging structure also includes a polarization switch to rotate the polarization of the light through the first and second polarization orientation angles.

Planar illuminating device

Active reduction of torque irregularities in rotating machines

A method and apparatus for actively controlling the energization of the stator windings of a rotating electromagnetic machine to actively overcome any tendency of the rotor of the machine to prefer certain angular positions with respect to the stator over other angular positions.

Small inlet optical panel and a method of making a small inlet optical panel

An optical panel having a small inlet, and a method of making a small inlet optical panel, are disclosed, which optical panel includes a individually coating, stacking, and cutting a first plurality of stacked optical waveguides to form an outlet face body with an outlet face, individually coating, stacking, and cutting a second plurality of stacked optical waveguides to form an inlet face body with an inlet face, and connecting an optical coupling element to the first plurality and to the second plurality, wherein the optical coupling element redirects light along a parallel axis of the inlet face to a parallel axis of the outlet face. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet face is disposed obliquely with and askew from the outlet face.

Method and apparatus for distributing light to the user interface of an electronic device

A system and method is described for distributing light within a light guide which is used for illuminating the user interface of an electronic device. The light guide is formed as a thin film and impressed with a pattern of input and output diffraction gratings to control the transmission of light into and out of the light guide to efficiently illuminate the user interface.

Polarized-light-emitting waveguide, illumination arrangement and display device comprising such

A side-lit illumination arrangement comprises a polarized-light-emitting waveguide comprising a polarization-selective beam-splitting interface formed at an interface of a waveguiding layer and a polarization-selection layer. In order to avoid alignment problems occurring during the manufacture of the waveguide which impair the proper functioning of the polarization-selective beam-splitting interface, the polarization-selective beam-splitting interface is planar. Waveguided light polarized and transmitted by the polarization-selective beam-splitting interface into the polarization-selection layer is coupled out by a relief-structured surface via an exit surface. Display devices having such waveguides, in particular if used in a front light, have a high brightness and efficiency.

Display device

Image display optical system, image display unit, illuminating optical system, and liquid crystal display unit

Image display optical systems are disclosed that extend the angle of view longitudinally and transversely while saving space. The image display optical system includes a prism-shaped substrate transparent to an image-carrying light flux to be projected to a viewing eye, an introduction unit that guides the image-carrying light flux to a propagation path through which the image-carrying light flux propagates in a direction in which the image-carrying light flux from the outside enables internal reflection at least at three surfaces including at least one side of the substrate, and an output unit that guides the image-carrying light flux propagating through the substrate from the substrate to the viewing eye. By internally reflecting the image-carrying light flux at all the sides, i.e., three or more sides of the prism-shaped substrate, the propagation path is folded to be smaller and extends the opening angle of the light ray included in the image-carrying light flux longitudinally and transversely without increasing the substrate's size.

Light expanding system for producing a linear or planar light beam from a point-like light source

A light expanding system for converting a light beam generated from a point-like light source into a collimated linear or planar light beam is disclosed herein. According to an embodiment of the invention, a system for producing a linear light beam includes a beam collector and a light pipe adjacent to which a multiplicity of specially configured microprisms are located. The light expanding system according to this embodiment is suitable for use in devices utilizing a linear light beam, such as a scanner. According to another embodiment of the invention, a system for producing a planar light beam includes, in addition to the beam collector and light pipe described above, an additional light pipe with adjacent microprisms. The light expanding system according to this embodiment of the invention can be used, for example, in displays, road signs, medical research equipment, instrument meters or jewelry; to light pictures or art work; or as part of a see-through lighting system far use in dentistry and surgery.

Display device

A display device is provided having a light-emitter for emitting light depending upon predetermined display data, and a display panel having a plurality of elongated optical waveguides for conducting light entering from the light-emitter, and an addresser for extracting light from a predetermined region within the optical waveguide depending upon the predetermined display data. The addresser has column electrodes separately provided respectively for the plurality of optical waveguides and a plurality of elongated row electrodes provided to cross the column electrodes at an opposite side through the optical waveguides. Light is emitted at the predetermined region by applying a voltage to a crossing point of the column electrodes and the row electrodes.

Flat-panel display using tapered waveguide

A video display for two or three dimensions has a flat liquid-crystal screen which ejects light from the plane at a selectable line. One or, in the case of a 3-D display, several video projectors project a linear image into the plane from an edge. A complete image is written on the screen by addressing the line with appropriate images as it is scanned down the screen. To screen a three-dimensional image, the video projectors, each projecting an image as seen at a slightly different angle, combine to constitute a three-dimensional display which produces a three-dimensional image that is one line high.

display projectors

The present invention is directed to a display which presents an image along a line of sight of an observer, such that the image is overlaid on a real world scene has a first waveguide and an image source device to inject the image into the first waveguide. The first waveguide has a first grating to direct the image internally and to output the image from the first waveguide. A second waveguide has a coupling grating to receive the image from the first waveguide and to direct the image along the second waveguide. The second waveguide has an exit grating to diffract the received image out of the second waveguide towards the observer. The exit grating diffracts the image out of the second waveguide off axis to a normal axis of the second waveguide.

projection displays

A projection display which includes first and second waveguide elements, wherein the first waveguide element has a two input regions for injecting image bearing light into the first waveguide element. In this manner, the total field of view of the image to be displayed at the second waveguide element is divided into two sub-images prior to injection of one sub-image into one input region and the other sub-image into the other input region of the first waveguide element. This results in a smaller first waveguide element, thereby reducing obscuration of an observers view of a forward scene over which to the image to be displayed is overlaid.

Efficient collimation of light with optical wedge

Embodiments of optical collimators are disclosed. For example, one disclosed embodiment comprises an optical waveguide having a first end, a second end opposing the first end, a viewing surface extending at least partially between the first end and the second end, and a back surface opposing the viewing surface. The viewing surface comprises a first critical angle of internal reflection, and the back surface is configured to be reflective at the first critical angle of internal reflection. Further, a collimating end reflector comprising a faceted lens structure having a plurality of facets is disposed at the second end of the optical waveguide.

Flat panel lens

A light guide with input and output faces 2, 3 a is polar-symmetric about the first face 2 and has optical properties such that the angle at which a ray is injected into the first face determines the position at which it leaves the second face 3 a , or, if operated in the reverse direction, the position at which the ray enters the second face determines the angle at which the ray leaves the second face. The light guide includes a tapered transparent sheet 3 , light from the first face entering at the thick end of this sheet, and the second face forming one face of the tapered sheet. An input/output slab 4 adjoins the tapered sheet 3 for fan-out of light from the first face 2 to the tapered sheet, and a transition region 8 is located between flat and tapered sheets. The polar symmetry means that light rays always travel in line with the taper direction, which suppresses banding. Preferably the light guide further includes a prism device 20 for folding the light so that the flat and tapered sheets can be folded over each other. A method of making such a prism is also disclosed.

Display projectors

The present invention is directed to a display which presents an image along a line of sight of an observer, such that the image is overlaid on a real world scene has a first waveguide and an image source device to inject the image into the first waveguide. The first waveguide has a first grating to direct the image internally and to output the image from the first waveguide. A second waveguide has a coupling grating to receive the image from the first waveguide and to direct the image along the second waveguide. The second waveguide has an exit grating to diffract the received image out of the second waveguide towards the observer. The exit grating diffracts the image out of the second waveguide off axis to a normal axis of the second waveguide.

Efficient collimation of light with optical wedge

Embodiments of optical collimators are disclosed. For example, one disclosed embodiment comprises an optical waveguide having a first end, a second end opposing the first end, a viewing surface extending at least partially between the first end and the second end, and a back surface opposing the viewing surface. The viewing surface comprises a first critical angle of internal reflection, and the back surface is configured to be reflective at the first critical angle of internal reflection. Further, a collimating end reflector comprising a faceted lens structure having a plurality of facets is disposed at the second end of the optical waveguide.

Efficient collimation of light with optical wedge

Embodiments of optical collimators are disclosed. For example, one disclosed embodiment comprises an optical waveguide having a first end, a second end opposing the first end, a viewing surface extending at least partially between the first end and the second end, and a back surface opposing the viewing surface. The viewing surface comprises a first critical angle of internal reflection, and the back surface is configured to be reflective at the first critical angle of internal reflection. Further, a collimating end reflector comprising a faceted lens structure having a plurality of facets is disposed at the second end of the optical waveguide.

Scanning method and architecture for display

A method of scanning a plurality of display elements or pixels of a display and an apparatus capable of performing the method of scanning, allow energy propagating along a primary path to be diverted sequentially by a series of energy diverting devices to a plurality of secondary paths in a scanning direction depending upon the finite turn-on and turn-off times of the energy diverting devices.

Projection display with electrically-controlled waveguide routing

A projection display is based on a new switching technology for routing laser light among a set of optical waveguides and coupling that light toward the viewer. The switching technology is based on poled electro-optical structures. The display technology is versatile enough to cover application areas spanning the range from miniature high resolution computer displays to large screen displays for high definition television formats. The invention combines the high brightness and power efficiency inherent in visible semiconductor diode laser sources with a new waveguide electro-optical switching technology to form a dense two-dimensional addressable array of high brightness light emissive pixels. This invention provides an all solid-state, full color, high resolution projection display suitable for displaying computer generated information and full motion HDTV.

Display panel with electrically-controlled waveguide-routing

A flat panel display is based on a new switching technology for routing laser light among a set of optical waveguides and coupling that light toward the viewer. The switching technology is based on poled electro-optical structures. The display technology is versatile enough to cover application areas spanning the range from miniature high resolution computer displays to large screen displays for high definition television formats. The invention combines the high brightness and power efficiency inherent in visible semiconductor diode laser sources with a new waveguide electro-optical switching technology to form a dense two-dimensional addressable array of high brightness light emissive pixels.

INTEGRATED OPTICAL COMPONENT PROTECTED AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD.

Tapered multilayer luminaire devices

An optical device for collecting light and selectively outputting or concentrating the light. A wedge layer has an optical index of refraction n 1 , and top, bottom and side surfaces intersecting to define an angle of inclination φ. A back surface spans the top, bottom and side surface. A first layer is coupled to the bottom surface of the layer and has an index of refraction n 2 . The first layer index n 2 causes light input through the back surface of the layer to be preferentially output into the first layer. A second layer is coupled to the bottom of the first layer and selectively causes output of light into ambient. Additional layers, such as a light polarization layer, a polarization converting layer and a post LCD diffuser layer can be used to make preferential use of polarized light or diffuse light having passed through the LCD layer to enhance viewing of the output light.

Optical element having an integral surface diffuser

A monolithic element has a substrate body and at least one macro-optical characteristic integral in a first portion of the optical element. A plurality of surface micro-structures are integral in a portion of the optical element. The micro-structures are designed to homogenize light passing through the optical element to produce a predetermined pattern of smoothly varying, non-discontinuous light exiting the optical element. The light exiting the optical element is therefore altered according to both the macro-optical characteristic of the optical element as well as the homogenizing characteristics of the micro-structures.

Motor driver control device

A position-command-pulse generation unit generates a position command pulse to be output to a motor driver by advancing an initial phase thereof by a phase indicated by initial phase information preset in a device. The initial phase information indicates an arbitrary phase in a period of a half cycle of a first pulse of the position command pulse.

Projection display with electrically controlled waveguide-routing

A projection display is based on a new switching technology for routing laser light among a set of optical waveguides and coupling that light toward the viewer. The switching technology is based on poled electro-optical structures. The display technology is versatile enough to cover application areas spanning the range from miniature high resolution computer displays to large screen displays for high definition television formats. The invention combines the high brightness and power efficiency inherent in visible semiconductor diode laser sources with a new waveguide electro-optical switching technology to form a dense two-dimensional addressable array of high brightness light emissive pixels. This invention provides an all solid-state, full color, high resolution projection display suitable for displaying computer generated information and full motion HDTV.

Display panel with electrically-controlled waveguide-routing

A flat panel display is based on a new switching technology for routing laser light among a set of optical waveguides and coupling that light toward the viewer. The switching technology is based on poled electro-optical structures. The display technology is versatile enough to cover application areas spanning the range from miniature high resolution computer displays to large screen displays for high definition television formats. The invention combines the high brightness and power efficiency inherent in visible semiconductor diode laser sources with a new waveguide electro-optical switching technology to form a dense two-dimensional addressable array of high brightness light emissive pixels.

Light directing film having variable height structured surface and light directing article constructed therefrom

A light directing film including a first surface and a second structured surface. The structured surface includes a repeating pattern of prism zones including at least a first zone having a plurality of prism elements with peaks disposed at a first distance from a reference plane and a second zone having a plurality of prism elements with peaks disposed less than the first distance from a reference plane. The width of the first zone preferably measures less than about 300 microns.

Variable pitch structured optical film

The present invention includes a structured optical film with variable pitch peaks and/or grooves to reduce the visibility of moire interference patterns and optical displays incorporating one or more layers of the film. The pitch variations can be over groups of adjacent peaks and/or valleys or between adjacent pairs of peaks and/or valleys.

Optical device and color display unit using the optical device

Optical device and color display unit to correct an angle of visibility, emphasize front brightness or diffusion degree, improve brightness and the performance of angle of visibility, and moreover improve the performance of chromaticity. An optical device is a film-like optical device for angle-correcting light toward a predetermined direction and of two materials whose refractive index difference is at least 0.1 or over, formed so that one material constitutes a plurality of light guide paths having total reflection at the boundary with the adjacent other material, in which the light guide paths are formed so that they are not arranged at equal intervals or they have different cross sections from each other and the ratio of the width or diameter of the light input portion of each of the light guide paths to the film thickness of an optical device is at least 1:10 or more.

Backlight system

Optical device and color display unit using the optical device

Optical device and color display unit to correct an angle of visibility, emphasize front brightness or diffusion degree, improve brightness and the performance of angle of visibility, and moreover improve the performance of chromaticity. An optical device is a film-like optical device for angle-correcting light toward a predetermined direction and of two materials whose refractive index difference is at least 0.1 or over, formed so that one material constitutes a plurality of light guide paths having total reflection at the boundary with the adjacent other material, in which the light guide paths are formed so that they are not arranged at equal intervals or they have different cross sections from each other and the ratio of the width or diameter of the light input portion of each of the light guide paths to the film thickness of an optical device is at least 1:10 or more.

Light adjusting plate, backlight assembly having the same, and display device

Light directing film having variable height structured surface and light directing article constructed therefrom

Variable pitch structured optical film

Light guide for use with backlit display

A light guide including a light guide body having a light re-directing side positioned opposite from a light output side. A plurality of elongate prisms are located adjacent the light output side of the light guide body. The prisms extend side-by-side relative to one another along lengths. The prisms include upper edges defining heights of the prisms. The upper edges extend along the lengths of the prisms. Each upper edge includes a plurality of edge segments having different magnitudes of slope. The light guide also includes a plurality of light extraction structures located adjacent the light re-directing side of the light guide body for reflecting light toward the light output side. The light extraction structures include elongated projections each having a plateau segment and first and second facets. The elongated projections are separated by lands that are recessed relative to the plateau segments. The first and second facets extend from the plateau segments to the lands.

Light guide plate with nano-particle layer and back light system with same

A back light system ( 2 ) includes a light guide plate ( 50 ). The light guide plate includes an array of prisms ( 55 ) formed thereon, and a nano-particle layer ( 80 ) formed on the prisms for diffusing light beams propagating therethrough. The nano-particle layer contains a mass of transparent nano-particles with diameters preferably in the range from 30˜100 nm. A material of the particles may be TiO 2 (titanium oxide), SiO 2 (silicon dioxide), or Al 2 O 3 (aluminum oxide). Each light beam passing through the nano-particle layer is scattered, and most of the scattering occurs over a limited range of angles. The scattered light beams exit the nano-particle layer mostly over the limited range of angles, with a medial direction of propagation in the range of angles being substantially parallel to a viewing direction. The back light system can yield high brightness and uniform luminescence, and is relatively simple in construction and inexpensive.

Electric power converter

Specific anomalies and details of failures as well as measures thereagainst are described that might possibly occur in electric power converters that drive and control permanent-magnet synchronous motors. An electric power converter capable of stable operation has a protective function of taking proper measures against such failures that might possibly occur.

Electric power converter

Specific anomalies and details of failures as well as measures thereagainst are described that might possibly occur in electric power converters that drive and control permanent-magnet synchronous motors. An electric power converter capable of stable operation has a protective function of taking proper measures against such failures that might possibly occur.

Control system for a power converter for driving induction motors

In a control system (CS) for a power converter (PC) for driving induction motors (4), the control system separately controlling an exciting current component of the primary current of the induction motors contributing to generation of a magnetic flux and a torque current component of the primary current contributing to generation of a torque, a voltage detecting device (19) detects the output voltage (V) of the power converter, and a correcting device (21) responds to the voltage detecting device for determining a current correction (Ai) for correcting at least one of the exciting current component and the torque current component to reduce the difference of the detected voltage (V) from a reference value (V o ) of the output voltage.

Control system for a motor having a shunt field winding

Control system for a motor having a shunt field winding is disclosed. In an electric vehicle, when an accelerator pedal is stepped on at the start, a field current is increased to increase the rotational speed of the motor in accordance with the stepped angle of the pedal. In the operating region where the rotational speed of the motor is not increased in accordance with the increase of the field current, an armature current is in turn increased and inversely the field current is decreased in order to further increase its rotational speed. Thus, an impact at the start can be reduced.

チヨツパ制御方式

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Liquid container

A liquid container is made of a flexible film and a delivery device is securely attached to the container in such a way that a conduit portion of the delivery device extends into the interior of the liquid container. An opening is formed in the cylindrical wall of the conduit portion adjacent to the sealed top of the container. When the delivery device is used as a straw, the opening is closed with the wall of the container because of its flexibility. When the content in the container is poured into another liquid receptacle, the opening is used as an inlet so that the content of the container can be completely emptied.

Liquid container and method of manufacturing same

A liquid container comprises a flexible bag-shaped container body 1 which is provided with two flat portions 3(3a,3b) as front and back walls and two gusset portions 4(4a,4b) as side walls which are folded inwardly, and a pipe-shaped delivery unit 2 which is provided with a mouth portion 11 at an upper end thereof to be projected out of an upper end portion of the container body, and a flange portion 12 below the mouth portion to be held at a joining portion 5 of the upper end portion of the container body, wherein each gusset portion 4 has a width approximately equal to that of the flat portion 3, inward end portions 15(15a,15b) of the two gusset portions being interposed between the flange portion 12 and the flat portion 3 at the joining portion 5. When the liquid container is manufactured, it is preferable that films for the gusset portions are temporarily bonded to a film for the flat portion before the positioning of the delivery unit.

Liquid container

A liquid container comprises a bag-shaped container body formed of a flexible film and a delivery unit having a mouth portion, a joining portion and a shank portion, the joining portion being secured to an opened end portion of the bag-shaped container body, the mouth portion extending outward of the bag-shaped container body from the joining portion and the shank portion extending inside the bag-shaped container body from the joining portion. The joining portion and the shank portion of the delivery unit are connected to be relatively rotatable with each other by an engaging member such as pin-and-hole connection or other flexible member such as bellows.

Liquid container and method of manufacturing same

A liquid container comprises a flexible bag-shaped container body 1 which is provided with two flat portions 3(3a,3b) as front and back walls and two gusset portions 4(4a,4b) as side walls which are folded inwardly, and a pipe-shaped delivery unit 2 which is provided with a mouth portion 11 at an upper end thereof to be projected out of an upper end portion of the container body, and a flange portion 12 below the mouth portion to be held at a joining portion 5 of the upper end portion of the container body, wherein each gusset portion 4 has a width approximately equal to that of the flat portion 3, inward end portions 15(15a,15b) of the two gusset portions being interposed between the flange portion 12 and the flat portion 3 at the joining portion 5. When the liquid container is manufactured, it is preferable that films for the gusset portions are temporarily bonded to a film for the flat portion before the positioning of the delivery unit.

Portable water bag

A bag for containing liquids comprising a flexible outer shell and a flexible inner liner. The outer shell has attachment access points and transport straps attached to it. The liner consists of a flexible material with at least one spout which extends through corresponding access points in the outer shell. A flap in the outer shell provides for easy insertion and removal of the liner.

Liquid filled container and method for producing the same

Conjuntos de chumaceira

Port, a container and a method for accessing a port

A port, a container and a method for accessing a port for injecting or withdrawing a liquid from the container are provided. The port may allow for the administration of, for example, a drug, to a patient and may be located on the container. The port has a septum having a target area. The port also has a support ring in contact with the septum. A cap is provided to protect the septum. The cap has a ring handle and allows for removal and exposure of the target area of the septum. A needle, for example, may be used to penetrate the septum allowing the addition or withdrawal of a liquid or other drug to or from the container.

Patch bag with patch containing high and low crystalinity ethylene copolymers

A patch bag has a heat-shrinkable patch adhered to a heat-shrinkable bag. The patch comprises an ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer having a density greater than about 0.915 g/cm 3 , this copolymer being present in the patch in an amount of at least about 5 percent, based on a total patch weight. The patch also comprises a heterogeneous ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer having a density of less than about 0.915 g/cm 3 , which is also present in the patch in an amount of at least about 5 percent, based on total patch weight. In addition, the two ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymers make up at least 70 percent of the total patch weight. VLDPE is a preferred heterogeneous ethylene/alpha-olefin less than 0.915 g/cc, and LLDPE is a preferred ethylene/alpha-olefin greater than 0.915 g/cc. The patch film can be selected to exhibit a total free shrink and/or bone-puncture resistance which is higher than either VLDPE or LLDPE alone. The patch film can be selected to exhibit Standard Rib Drop Test results (i.e., puncture-resistance in actual use) superior to other patch bags.