9-aroyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole-3,3-dicarboxylic acids

Novel 9-aroyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles bearing a carboxy substituent at position 3 or 4 and corresponding esters having antiinflammatory activity, the preparation thereof and novel intermediates therefor are described.

Solid state waveguide lasers

A solid state waveguide laser system is comprised of a cavity resonator formed of a solid state gain medium extending between input and output surfaces and having a reflectivity medium laterally bounding the gain medium and wherein the index of refraction of the reflectivity medium is greater than that of the gain medium.

External cavity semiconductor laser

An external cavity semiconductor laser (10) comprising a resonance cavity (12, 16) coupled to a diode laser (11). The cavity may contain a lens (14) or lens system (14, 24) or may be constructed as an optical waveguide (30). The external cavity (12, 16) may also contain a nonlinear optical material (32) to produce light of a frequency which is higher than that produced by the semiconductor laser. The use of an external cavity (12, 16) insures the single mode and/or single frequency operation of the semiconductor laser (10).

HIGH POWER LASER DEVICES

SEMICONDUCTOR LASER SYSTEM WITH EXTERNAL RESONATOR

External cavity semiconductor laser system

An external cavity semiconductor laser system (100) is disclosed wherein multiple segments of semiconductor material are excited with an array of pump sources (20). In one embodiment, a laser beam is reflected in a pattern to pass through multiple excited segments on a wafer of semiconductor material (12). On another embodiment, a series of wafers disposed in a laser cavity are excited. This pumping system spreads out the thermal load while providing a high power, high quality, laser beam.

Electrostatically deformable single crystal dielectrically coated mirror

An electrostatically deformable single crystal mirror comprising a highly conducting thick substrate layer and a highly conducting thin membrane layer separated from the thick layer by an insulator is disclosed. The center of the insulating layer is etched to form a cavity. The outer surface of the membrane layer is polished and coated with a dielectric to form a mirror. A voltage is applied between the membrane and the substrate to cause the membrane to deform. Various embodiments of the invention provide for planar translation of the mirror and for convex/concave deformation of the mirror. Incorporation of a deformation sensor in the deformable mirror allows for deformation measurement. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the deformable mirror is used in a tunable etalon for use in an optical filter.

Manufacturable vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser arrays

Arrays of vertical extended cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) are disclosed. The functionality of two or more conventional optical components are combined into an optical unit to reduce the number of components that must be aligned during packaging.

3-Amino-tetrahydrocarbazoles

3-(Substituted-amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles are prepared by reacting appropriate 4-substituted-aminocyclohexanones with a phenylhydrazine, by reacting a 3-(sulfonyloxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole with an appropriate substituted amine, or by reduction of an appropriate 3-(acylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole. The 3-(substituted-amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles of this invention have analgetic and psychotropic activities. Moreover, certain of these compounds also have antihistaminic activity.

Microchip laser

A gain medium (32) is disposed between two mirrors (34, 36) to form a resonant cavity. The cavity length (l) is selected so that the gain bandwidth of the gain medium is less than or substantially equal to the frequency separation of the cavity modes and such that a cavity mode frequency falls within the gain bandwidth. A nonlinear optical material (50) is disposed either inside or outside the cavity to generate new laser wavelengths. The nonlinear optical material (50) may be contained in a cavity which is resonant at the microchip laser frequency. Alternatively, the microchip laser (30) may be tuned, for example thermally or by the application of a longitudinal or transverse stress, to the frequency of the resonant cavity. The laser is optically pumped by any appropriate source such as a semiconductor injection laser (38) or laser array. Suitable gain media include Nd:YAG, Nd:GSGG and Nd pentaphosphate, and suitable non-linear optical material include MgO:LiNbO3 and KTP.

Method of fabrication of a support structure for a semiconductor device

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device is described. In this method, a starting substrate of sufficient thickness is selected that has the required defect density levels, which may result in an undesirable doping level. Then a semiconductor layer having a desired doping level is formed on the starting substrate. The resulting semiconductor layer has the required defect density and doping levels for the final product application. After active components, electrical conductors, and any other needed structures are formed on the semiconductor layer, the starting substrate is removed leaving a desired thickness of the semiconductor layer. In a VECSEL application, the active components can be a gain cavity, where the semiconductor layer has the necessary defect density and doping levels to maximize wall plug efficiency (WPE). In one embodiment, the doping of the semiconductor layer is not uniform. For example, a majority of the layer is doped at a low level and the remainder is doped at a much higher level. This can result in improved WPE at particular thicknesses for the higher doped material.

Solid state microlaser

A solid state gain medium (32) is disposed between two mirrors (34, 36) to form a resonant cavity, the cavity length selected so that the gain bandwidth (12, 14) of the gain medium is less than the frequency separation of the cavity modes (16-24). By selecting this cavity length, only a single longitudinal mode will oscillate when the laser operates in a single transverse mode. The microlaser is optically pumped by any appropriate source such as a semiconductor injection laser or laser array. Suitable gain media are Nd:YAG and Nd pentaphosphate.

3-halo-2,2-disubstituted-1-propanol carbamates and their preparation

Tetrahydrocarbazoles and their use

There are disclosed novel 3-amino(and substituted amino)-hydroxy (and dihydroxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles having positive inotropic activity and methods and compositions for the use thereof in treating the failing heart in mammals afflicted with congestive heart failure.

Manufacturable vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser arrays

Arrays of vertical extended cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) are disclosed. The functionality of two or more conventional optical components are combined into an optical unit to reduce the number of components that must be aligned during packaging.

Derivatives of 4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate

LASER MATRIX IN THE FORM OF A MICROCHIP.

Manufacturable vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser arrays

Arrays of vertical extended cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) are disclosed. The functionality of two or more conventional optical components are combined into an optical unit to reduce the number of components that must be aligned during packaging. A dichroic beamsplitter selectively couples frequency doubled light out of the cavity. In one implementation the dichroic beamsplitter includes at least one prism.

1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives

Laser with enhanced efficiency and process for producing thereof

In an apparatus and method for generating high power laser radiation, the geometry of the resonant laser cavity defines a fundamental spatial or transverse cavity mode. A gain medium is disposed within the resonant cavity and an energy source energizes the gain medium within a first volume. This causes spontaneous and stimulated energy emission to propagate in the gain medium in a direction transverse to the fundamental cavity mode. The transverse emission in turn optically pumps a second volume of the gain medium about the first volume. When the intensity of the emission is sufficiently high, inversion and gain are produced in the second volume. By optimizing the geometry of the cavity such that the fundamental cavity mode is coupled to both the first and the second volumes encompassing the first pumped volume, the transversely-directed energy of the first volume which would otherwise be wasted is instead captured by the fundamental beam, improving the overall power efficiently of the laser. When configured in an external cavity, the high-power laser of the present invention is especially amenable to frequency conversion of the output beam, as it provides beam intensities suitable for efficient nonlinear frequency conversion.

Projection display apparatus, system, and method

Apparatus, system, and method for junction isolation of arrays of surface emitting lasers

An array of surface emitting laser diodes has a series electrical connection of laser diodes. Junction isolation is used to isolate laser diodes in the array.

System and method for driving semiconductor laser sources for displays

A light engine includes a multi-color laser source having a set of semiconductor lasers. A controller synchronizes the operation of the laser source to operate in a color sequential order with a spatial modulator.

Coupled cavity high power semiconductor laser

An active gain region sandwiched between a 100 % reflective bottom Bragg mirror and an intermediate partially reflecting Bragg mirror is formed on a lower surface of a supporting substrate, to thereby provide the first ('active') resonator cavity of a high power coupled cavity surface emitting laser device. The reflectivity of the intermediate mirror is kept low enough so that laser oscillatin within the active gain region will not occur. The substrate is entirely outside the first active resonator cavity to a level sufficient to cause lasing. The substrate is entirely outside the active cavity but is contained within a second ('passive') resonator cavity defined by the intermediate mirror and a partially reflecting output mirror, where it is subjected to only a fraction of the light intensity that is circulating in the gain region.

Coupled cavity high power semiconductor laser

An active gain region sandwiched between a 100% reflective bottom Bragg mirror and an intermediate partially reflecting Bragg mirror is formed on a lower surface of a supporting substrate, to thereby provide the first (“active”) resonator cavity of a high power coupled cavity surface emitting laser device. The bottom mirror is preferably in direct thermal contact with an external heat sink for maximum heat removal effectiveness. The reflectivity of the intermediate mirror is kept low enough so that laser oscillation within the active gain region will not occur. The substrate is entirely outside the active cavity but is contained within a second (“passive”) resonator cavity defined by the intermediate mirror and a partially reflecting output mirror, where it is subjected to only a fraction of the light intensity that is circulating in the gain region. The active gain region is preferably electrically excited, with a circular bottom electrode formed by an oxide current aperture between the bottom mirror and the heat sink, and with an annular top electrode formed on an upper surface of the substrate.

Process for the preparation of substituted piperidines

Hochleistungslaservorrichtungen

9-benzoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole

9-Benzoyl-3-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole and 9-benzoyl-3-(N-phenylcarbamoyloxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, having respectively antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities, and their preparation are described.

Acidi e esteri tetraidrocarbazolcarbossilici emetodo di loro preparazione.

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazolderivate und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Substituted piperidines

3-halo-2-2-disubstituted. 1-propanol carbamates

Tetrahydrocarbazoles

3-halo-2-2-disubstituted. 1-propanol carbamates

Tetrahydrocarbazoles

Coupled cavity high power semiconductor laser

An active gain region sandwiched between a 100 % reflective bottom Bragg mirror and an intermediate partially reflecting Bragg mirror is formed on a lower surface of a supporting substrate, to thereby provide the first ('active') resonator cavity of a high power coupled cavity surface emitting laser device. The reflectivity of the intermediate mirror is kept low enough so that laser oscillatin within the active gain region will not occur. The substrate is entirely outside the first active resonator cavity to a level sufficient to cause lasing. The substrate is entirely outside the active cavity but is contained within a second ('passive') resonator cavity defined by the intermediate mirror and a partially reflecting output mirror, where it is subjected to only a fraction of the light intensity that is circulating in the gain region.

Hochleistungshalbleiterlaser mit gekoppeltem resonator

Procédé de préparation d'un carbamate