Combustion Engine   With Turbo Charger And Reintroduction Of Exhaust Gas

MATERIAL Of POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR ACCUMULATOR LITHIUM-ION

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING A TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF THE OPERATION OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE

COMBUSTION ENGINE MOTOR VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION LOW PROFILE

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CLEANING OF A SUCTION CIRCUIT WITH A HOUSING

Dispositif (4) d'aspiration des gaz issus d'un carter (5) d'un moteur (2) à combustion interne comprenant : - un circuit (24) de dégazage principal relié au moteur (2) et à un sélecteur (26) comportant une position de compression permettant le passage de fluides dans le circuit (24) de dégazage principal et un circuit (28) de dégazage en compression relié au sélecteur (26) et à une entrée (38) d'un compresseur (34) relié au moteur (2), et - une vanne (35), disposé entre le compresseur (34) et le moteur (2), bloquant le lien entre le compresseur (34) et le moteur (2) lorsque le sélecteur (26) est dans une position de nettoyage permettant le passage des fluides dans un circuit (29) de dégazage en nettoyage relié au sélecteur (26) et à une sortie (39) du compresseur (34) et le circuit (24) de dégazage principal.

EXECUTION METHOD, WITHIN A MULTI-TASKING EMBEDDED SYSTEM, AN APPLICATION TIME DOMAIN CLOCKED BY A PLURALITY OF DIFFERENT INTERRUPT HANDLER INCLUDING A

COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR AUTOMOBILE, WITH IMPROVED EXHAUST RECIRCULATION

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile à réintroduction de gaz d'échappement, le moteur étant configuré pour mettre en œuvre deux modes de fonctionnement, l'un nominal où deux ouvertures d'admission (45,46) sont utilisées en tant qu'ouvertures d'admission, l'autre où des gaz d'échappement sont réintroduits via une ouverture d'admission du mode nominal.

APPARATUS FOR COOLING CHARGE AIR ENGINE AIR, AND AN AIR CHARGER SYSTEM EQUIPPED THEREWITH

METHOD AND CIRCUIT FOR DESLAGGING A LINE TYPE EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION DEDICATED

Protection system for monitoring and/or protecting e.g. object against theft, has receiving module connected to detection module, and activation and deactivation module remotely activating or deactivating detection module

La présente invention concerne un système de protection destiné à surveiller au moins un objet et/ou à le protéger contre le vol. Il comprend: - au moins un module de détection (10), destiné à être monté sur ou placé dans ledit objet, comportant des moyens de détection de vibration aptes à détecter une vibration dudit objet et des moyens d'émission aptes à émettre au moins un signal d'alarme lorsque lesdits moyens de détection de vibration détectent une vibration dudit objet, - au moins un module de réception (30) relié audit module de détection par une liaison sans fil apte à recevoir ledit signal d'alarme et à déclencher, lorsqu'un signal d'alarme est reçu, un, et - au moins un module d'activation et désactivation portable (20) pour activer ou désactiver à distance ledit module de détection.

METHOD FOR MONITORING DISCHARGE OF A TURBOCHARGER TURBINE

L'invention porte principalement sur un procédé de commande d'un système de décharge (7) d'une turbine de turbocompresseur alimentée par des gaz d'échappement, ledit système de décharge (7) comportant un rotor (8) et un stator (9) munis chacun d'une série d'orifices (81, 91), et un actionneur (11) apte à déplacer en rotation ledit rotor (8) par rapport audit stator (9) de manière à faire varier des sections de passage (S) de gaz d'échappement définies chacune par une zone de superposition entre un orifice dudit rotor (8) et un orifice correspondant dudit stator (9) pour faire passer le système de décharge (7) d'un état fermé à un état ouvert et inversement, caractérisé en ce que, pendant une phase d'échappement d'au moins un cylindre du moteur, ledit procédé comporte l'étape de fermer ledit système de décharge (7) avant ou au moment d'une ouverture d'une soupape d'échappement dudit cylindre de manière à récupérer un maximum d'énergie issue des gaz d'échappement en phase débitante à forte ...

DEVICE OF GRIPPING Of OBJECTS, IN PARTICULAR Of FRAGILE OBJECTS SUCH AS LIMP CONTAINING EGGS AND CORRESPONDING PROCESS

WITH REENTRY ENGINE EXHAUST GAS REINTRODUCED DIVISION

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile à réintroduction de gaz d'échappement, le moteur comprenant une enceinte de stockage intermédiaire (90) de gaz d'échappement en liaison de gaz avec la ligne de réintroduction de gaz d'échappement (40), l'enceinte de stockage intermédiaire (90) étant réalisée dans une cavité du socle moteur.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR VEHICLE WITH IMPROVED CYLINDER DEACTIVATION CONTROL

METHOD FOR CONTROL OF A DISCHARGE SYSTEM OF A TURBOCHARGER TURBINE

DEVICE OF GRIPPING TO MOVE AT LEAST A UNIT AMONG CONDITIONINGS OF CONSUMER GOODS.

COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH IMPROVED CONTROL CYLINDER DEACTIVATION

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile comprenant plusieurs actionneurs de modification de comportement de soupapes et un distributeur (110,120) configuré pour être assujetti à une rotation du moteur de sorte qu'il délivre une pression à des actionneurs différents parmi lesdits plusieurs actionneurs au cours de la rotation du moteur.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION VEHICLE ENGINE EXHAUST RECIRCULATION SYSTEM IMPROVED

VECTOR RECOMBINING FOR the PRODUCTION AND the SECRETION OF SEQUENCES Of ACIDS AMINES Of INTEREST BY the PROPIONIC BACTERIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS

La présente invention concerne un vecteur recombinant pour l'expression et la sécrétion, par une bactérie propionique, d'une ou plusieurs séquences d'acides aminés d'intérêt, ledit vecteur comprenant au moins : - sous le contrôle d'au moins un promoteur approprié, - au moins une séquence nucléotidique codant un peptide signal de bactérie propionique et, en fusion traductionnelle avec celle-ci, - une ou plusieurs séquences nucléotidiques codant la ou lesdites séquences d'acides aminés d'intérêt. L'invention s'intéresse également aux utilisations d'un tel vecteur dans le domaine pharmaceutique ou pour la production à grande échelle de peptides ou protéines d'intérêt.

DEVICE AND METHOD OF DATA RETRANSMISSION IN A SWITCH NETWORK

Undercarriage for aircraft, has leg connected to structure of aircraft and including lower part on which beam is articulated by pivot, and needle bearings interposed between pivot and beam, where leg is free to rotate on pivot

L'invention est relative à un atterrisseur d'aéronef comportant une jambe (1) reliée à la structure de l'aéronef et ayant une partie inférieure (5) sur laquelle un balancier (3) portant la ou les roues de l'atterrisseur est articulé au moyen d'un pivot (7) qui est arrêté en rotation sur le balancier ou sur la jambe. Selon l'invention, des paliers à aiguilles (10a, 10b) sont interposés entre le pivot et celui du balancier ou de la jambe qui est libre en rotation sur le pivot.

EXECUTION METHOD, WITHIN A MULTI-TASKING EMBEDDED SYSTEM, AN APPLICATION TIME DOMAIN CLOCKED BY A PLURALITY OF DIFFERENT INTERRUPT HANDLER INCLUDING A

Un procédé d'exécution d'une application au sein d'un système multitâches caractérisé en ce que ladite application est composée d'au moins une tâche dont le cadencement temporel est spécifié dans un premier référentiel temporel asynchrone par rapport au temps physique, appelé premier domaine d'horloge externe, défini par une horloge de base synchrone avec des changements d'état d'un périphérique dudit système, ledit procédé comportant un ensemble d'étapes exécutées par ledit système à la réception (301) d'une occurrence d'une interruption afin de rendre déterministe ou quasi-déterministe l'exécution de la tâche.

ENGINE WITH REENTRY EXHAUST GASES REINTRODUCED DISTRIBUTION HOMOGENIZED

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile comprenant une enceinte de stockage intermédiaire (93) des gaz d'échappement émis par au moins un cylindre de combustion (14), l'enceinte (93) présentant une paroi mobile (95) entrainée selon des mouvements cycliques de même cadence que les combustions dudit au moins un cylindre (14).

Permeable thin film structure useful as a protective material in e.g. biochemical industry, comprises a thin film including macromolecule mixture, an antibacterial agent, an inorganic metal oxide and a base material made of cotton cloth

La présente invention concerne un film mince perméable (10) ayant des propriétés bactériostatiques et autonettoyantes, qui comprend un film mince (11) d'un mélange de macromolécules réalisé en choisissant et en utilisant du polyéthylène imine (PEI), de l'alcool polyvinylique (PVA), du polyuréthane (PU) et de la résine d'éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA) dans des proportions appropriées. En outre, le film mince (11) du mélange de macromolécules fait l'objet d'un ajout d'un agent antibactérien (12) et d'un oxyde métallique inorganique (13) pour former le film mince perméable (10) ayant des propriétés bactériostatiques et autonettoyantes. En outre, le film mince peut utiliser un non-tissé, un tissu de coton ou un genre de cuir artificiel ou similaires comme matériaux de base (14) pour former un matériau antibactérien (10) pour divers besoins spécifiques.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CLEANING A SUCTION CIRCUIT GASSES FROM A CRANKCASE

DEVICE RE-INSERTING INNER INTO HYDROGEN

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile comprenant une ligne de réintroduction de gaz d'échappement, le moteur comportant un aménagement (40) de stockage et de délivrance d'hydrogène configuré pour stocker l'hydrogène sur une durée supérieure à plusieurs cycles de fonctionnement du moteur.

PROCESS AND DEVICE OF MEASUREMENT OF the LIMIT OF PUMPING Of a TURBOCOMPRESSOR SUPPLYING an ENGINE OF VEHICLE

PROCESS AND APPARATUS ALLOWING TO MAKE SE MOVE BEAMS BY PASSUCCESSIFS IN A SYSTEM OF CELLULAR TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SATELLITES

DEVICE FOR GRIPPING OBJECTS SUCH AS BAGS CONTAINING BULK MATERIALS

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif de préhension d'objets tels que des sacs contenant des produits en vrac, qui est apte à être fixé à l'extrémité d'un bras de manutention, et qui comprend une pince (5) constituée de deux mâchoires (6) mobiles en synchronisme entre deux position extrêmes, à savoir une position dite "écartée" dans laquelle elles sont inaptes à enserrer un desdits objets, et une position dite "rapprochée" dans laquelle elles sont aptes à enserrer ledit objet, le passage d'une desdites positions vers l'autre s'opérant dans une direction généralement transversale (a), caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un support (SU) de fixation sur lequel sont articulées lesdites mâchoires (6) via des moyens d'articulation, lesdites mâchoires (6) s'étendant sous ledit support (SU) lequel a, dans ladite direction transversale (a), une largeur prédéterminée, et que lesdites mâchoires (6) et lesdits moyens d'articulation sont configurés de telle manière que, quelle que soit ...

Actuation device for actuating cylinder valves of combustion engine of car, has fingers mechanically connecting hollow shaft and cams to transform rotation of hollow shaft relative to control shaft in sequence of sliding movements of cams

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile comprenant un vilebrequin, un arbre à cames (35) et un arbre additionnel (15), comportant un engrenage comportant une roue planétaire centrale (10), une couronne (30) et au moins une roue satellite (21,22), l'engrenage étant disposé de manière à transformer une rotation produite par le vilebrequin en deux rotations à des vitesses différentes respectivement de l'arbre à cames (35) et de l'arbre additionnel (15).

STRUCTURE OF PERMEABLE THIN FILM

DEVICE AND NOZZLE STRUCTURE PARTICULARLY FLEXIBLE ANIMAL SKINS

L'invention concerne un dispositif de pliage pour réaliser au moins un pliage de matériau souple, notamment des peaux d'animaux. Le dispositif de pliage de matériau souple, comporte deux plateaux supports disposés dans le même plan et chacun pourvus d'une bande transporteuse sans fin, l'un des plateaux supports est mobile. Les deux plateaux supports se positionnent bord à bord de manière à effectuer un pincement du matériau souple à plier et leurs bandes transporteuses avancent en sens de rotation respectivement horaire et antihoraire. En partie inférieure, un moyen de réception mobile dans le même axe de déplacement desdits plateaux supports permet de réceptionner le matériau souple sous les deux plateaux supports. La combinaison de bandes transporteuses et des différents mouvements, permet d'obtenir plusieurs plis sur un même matériau souple. Le dispositif de pliage comporte des moyens de pesage du matériau souple afin de définir sa catégorie et des capteurs de positions du matériau souple ...

COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH TURBOCHARGER AND EXHAUST GAS REENTRY

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile à réintroduction de gaz d'échappement, le moteur comportant une conduite de jonction (100) véhiculant un flux d'air comprimé émis par un compresseur de suralimentation (70) jusqu'à un piquage (102) placé sur la ligne de réintroduction de gaz d'échappement (40) lequel piquage (102) est situé en amont d'un mélangeur (80) du moteur.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING A TRANSIENT OPERATION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

L'invention porte sur un procédé d'optimisation d'un régime transitoire du fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne avec recirculation des gaz d'échappement, le moteur ayant un ou plusieurs cylindres entièrement dédiés à la recirculation de ses ou de leurs gaz d'échappement et le procédé comprenant une étape de réception d'une demande de couple en vue d'un changement de la vitesse de rotation du moteur, le procédé comprenant également une étape de variation du taux de recirculation des gaz d'échappement et du taux de compression de tous les cylindres à la suite de la réception de la demande de couple.

METHOD FOR MONITORING DISCHARGE OF A TURBOCHARGER TURBINE

REENTRY DEVICE EXHAUST GAS LOADS INTO HYDROGEN

SCREW-LOCKING DEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE

COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR AUTOMOBILE, WITH PROTECTED DEGASSING

SENSOR OF PROXIMITY, IN PARTICULAR TO DETECT a RELATIVE POSITION OF MOVING PARTS Of an UNDERCARRIAGE Of AIRCRAFT.

COMPACT TURBOCHARGER FOR MOTOR VEHICLE HEAT ENGINE

L'invention porte principalement sur un turbocompresseur (32) pour moteur thermique de véhicule automobile comprenant: - un compresseur (35) destiné à être situé du côté de l'admission dudit moteur thermique, - une turbine (36) destinée à être située du côté de l'échappement dudit moteur thermique, caractérisé en ce que ledit compresseur (35) et ladite turbine (36) comportent chacun au moins deux roues (351, 352, 361, 362), ledit turbocompresseur (32) comportant en outre un arbre d'accouplement (39) accouplé aux deux roues (351, 352) dudit compresseur (35) et aux deux roues (361, 362) de ladite turbine (36).

AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COMPRISING TWO LIQUID COOLED SUPERCHARGER MEANS

L'invention concerne un moteur (1) à combustion interne comprenant : -un circuit (3) de refroidissement par liquide de refroidissement, -des premiers moyens de suralimentation en air d'admission de ce moteur (1), le circuit (3) de refroidissement comprenant une première branche (B1) de refroidissement des premiers moyens de suralimentation en air, une seconde branche (B2) formant avec la première branche (B1) une fourche (F) en amont, relativement au sens (7) de circulation du liquide de refroidissement, des premiers moyens de suralimentation, caractérisé en ce que la seconde branche (B2) comprend des seconds moyens de suralimentation en air d'admission du moteur (1).

COMBUSTION ENGINE OF MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST AND RECIRCULATING CONTROLLED INLET

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile à réintroduction de gaz d'échappement, au moins un cylindre (14) dont au moins une partie des gaz d'échappement sont réintroduits dans l'organe d'admission (20) comportant plusieurs conduites d'échappement (91,92), au moins deux desdites conduites (91,92) d'échappement ayant des longueurs différentes.

Proximity sensor for detecting relative position of arms of undercarriage in aircraft, has distant part comprising receiver to generate signal with two states based on whether receiver receives or does not receive electromagnetic signal

L'invention est relative à un capteur de proximité comportant une partie embarquée (20) qui comprend au moins un organe de détection (21) apte à coopérer avec une cible (22) et transitant entre un premier état et un deuxième état selon que la cible est proche ou éloignée de l'organe de détection ; un émetteur (23) associé à l'organe de détection et émettant ou n'émettant pas un signal électromagnétique (24) selon que l'organe de détection se trouve dans le premier état ou le deuxième état ; une source d'énergie électrique pour alimenter l'émetteur. Le capteur de proximité comporte également une partie distante qui comprend au moins un récepteur (30) apte à recevoir le signal électromagnétique émis par l'émetteur et générer un signal à deux états selon que le récepteur reçoit ou ne reçoit pas le signal électromagnétique.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION SENSOR WITH REDUCED OUTGASSING PROTECTED

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile comprenant une jonction fluidique (16) entre la conduite de décharge (14) et la conduite de circulation de flux de dégazage (21) et un module de commande d'ouverture de vanne de décharge commandant des ouvertures de la vanne de décharge (14) en dehors de phases à phénomène de pompage.

COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CHARGE AIR COOLER

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile à réintroduction de gaz d'échappement ayant un mode de fonctionnement nominal et un mode de fonctionnement modifié d'un cylindre (14) dont au moins une partie des gaz d'échappement est réintroduite lequel mode de fonctionnement modifié comprend un décalage par rapport au mode nominal d'un instant de combustion lequel décalage produit un échauffement des gaz d'échappement suffisant pour provoquer une évaporation de condensats présents dans un refroidisseur d'air de suralimentation (90).

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RETRANSMITTING DATA IN A NETWORK SWITCH

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour transmettre des données au sein d'un commutateur réseau. Le procédé mis en œuvre par ordinateur permet de ne transmettre vers un domaine réseau récepteur que les données applicatives utiles à ce domaine. Le procédé identifie dans une trame reçue les seules données correspondant à chaque domaine réseau destinataire, puis la trame est désassemblée pour écrire chaque jeu de données dans une zone mémoire assignée du commutateur réseau. Le procédé permet par ailleurs d'envoyer une trame avec uniquement les données d'un domaine réseau destinataire en construisant une nouvelle trame avec les seules données utiles au réseau destinataire qui ont été stockées dans une zone mémoire du commutateur.

APPARATUS FOR COOLING CHARGE AIR ENGINE AIR, AND AN AIR CHARGER SYSTEM EQUIPPED THEREWITH

Le dispositif (12) selon l'invention est adapté pour le refroidissement d'un système de suralimentation d'air (1) de moteur thermique (2) comprenant un turbocompresseur thermique (10) et un compresseur électrique à refroidissement par eau (11). Le dispositif comprend un premier circuit de refroidissement (12A) destiné au refroidissement de l'air de suralimentation fourni par le système au moteur thermique et un deuxième circuit de refroidissement (12B) destiné au refroidissement par eau du compresseur électrique. Conformément à l'invention, le dispositif comprend un échangeur thermique eau-air (120) qui est commun aux deux circuits de refroidissement.

TURBOCHARGER COMPACT MOTOR VEHICLE HEAT ENGINE

METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING DATA BETWEEN SPOTS REAL-TIME USING A MEMORY CONTROLLER DMA

UNDERCARRIAGE HAS BEAM FOR AIRCRAFT

WITH REENTRY ENGINE EXHAUST GAS REINTRODUCED HOMOGENIZED DIVISION

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE CIRCUIT VALVE SURGE LIMITING COMPRESSOR

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH IMPROVED [...]

L'invention porte sur un moteur à combustion interne (1) comportant une pluralité de cylindres (3,3') dont au moins un cylindre de recirculation (3'). Le cylindre de recirculation (3') est pourvu d'un canal de recirculation (9) de gaz de recirculation vers un collecteur d'admission d'air (4) équipant le moteur à combustion interne (1). Le moteur à combustion interne (1) est équipé d'une ligne d'échappement (5) pour évacuer des gaz d'échappement produits par les cylindres (3,3'). Le moteur à combustion interne (1) est pourvu d'un canal de déviation (11) qui relie le cylindre de recirculation (3') à la ligne d'échappement (5).

PROCESS FOR DRIVING THE CIRCUIT VALVE FOR ENGINE COMPRESSOR SURGE LIMITING

L'invention porte sur un procédé de pilotage d'une vanne de jonction (103) d'un circuit de limitation (100) de pompage compresseur de moteur, le circuit (100) véhiculant un flux d'air comprimé d'un compresseur (70) jusqu'à un piquage (102) sur une ligne de réintroduction des gaz d'échappement (40) sensiblement à proximité de la sortie de son cylindre dédié (14), la vanne (103) se trouvant à l'entrée dudit circuit (100) en autorisant ou interdisant le passage de l'air comprimé. Le pilotage de la vanne de jonction (103) se fait par au moins une variable d'ouverture de la vanne de jonction (103) déterminée en fonction du régime moteur ou d'une différence de pression entre la pression de sortie du cylindre dédié (14) à la ligne RGE (40) et la pression d'admission en entrée en aval du compresseur (70).

EXHAUST MANIFOLD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

L'invention porte sur un collecteur d'échappement (17) d'un moteur à combustion interne (1) d'un véhicule automobile. Le collecteur d'échappement (17) comporte au moins un canal de recirculation (15) en relation aéraulique avec au moins une première soupape d'échappement (8') d'un cylindre de recirculation (3') du moteur à combustion interne (1). Le collecteur d'échappement (17) comporte aussi au moins un canal d'échappement (16) en relation aéraulique avec au moins une deuxième soupape d'échappement (8) d'un cylindre principal (3) du moteur à combustion interne (1). Le collecteur d'échappement (17) comprend une pièce monobloc logeant le canal de recirculation (15) et le canal d'échappement (16).

   Internal Combustion Engine With Charge Air Cooler

DEVICE OF GRIPPING Of OBJECTS, IN PARTICULAR Of FRAGILE OBJECTS SUCH AS LIMP CONTAINING EGGS AND CORRESPONDING PROCESS

La présente invention se rapporte notamment à un dispositif de préhension d'objets, notamment d'objets fragiles tels que des boîtes contenant des œufs, apte à être fixé sur un robot de manutention, qui comprend au moins une première pince constituée de deux mâchoires (M1, M2) mobiles entre deux positions extrêmes, à savoir une position dite "écartée" dans laquelle elles sont inaptes à enserrer un desdits objets, et une position dite "rapprochée" dans laquelle elles sont aptes à enserrer ledit objet, le mouvement d'une position à l'autre s'effectuant dans une direction générale dite "transversale", caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte également au moins deux pinces supplémentaires (70, 72), à deux mâchoires (70, 72) dont au moins une (72) est également mobile entre une position "écartée" et une position "rapprochée", le mouvement d'une position à l'autre s'effectuant dans une direction générale dite "longitudinale", perpendiculaire à ladite direction "transversale", cette au moins deuxième ...

METHOD AND CIRCUIT FOR DESLAGGING A LINE TYPE EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION DEDICATED

L'invention porte sur un procédé et un circuit de décrassage d'une ligne du type recirculation des gaz d'échappement dite EGR (4a) associée à un moteur thermique dont au moins un cylindre (2a) est dédié à ladite ligne (4a) en alimentant cette ligne en gaz d'échappement, la ligne EGR (4a) redirigeant les gaz à l'alimentation d'air du moteur. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que lors du décrassage il est effectué un balayage de la ligne EGR (4a) par un flux d'air, cet air provenant d'un circuit d'air de décrassage (15a) monté en dérivation sur l'alimentation en air du moteur thermique et prélevant tout ou une partie de cet air, l'air entrant à ou au voisinage d'une extrémité de la ligne EGR (4a), balayant la majeure partie de la ligne EGR (4a) avant de sortir de la ligne à ou au voisinage de l'autre extrémité.

METHOD FOR CONTROL OF A DISCHARGE SYSTEM OF A TURBOCHARGER TURBINE

L'invention porte principalement sur un procédé de commande d'un système de décharge (27) d'une turbine de turbocompresseur alimentée par des gaz d'échappement, ledit système de décharge (27) comportant un rotor (28) et un stator (29) munis chacun d'une série d'orifices (281, 291), et un actionneur (30) apte à déplacer en rotation ledit rotor (28) par rapport audit stator (29) de manière à faire varier des sections de passage (S1, S2) de gaz définies chacune par une zone de superposition entre un orifice (281) dudit rotor (28) et un orifice (291) correspondant dudit stator (29), caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé comporte l'étape de piloter de manière cyclique ledit actionneur (30), de manière à faire varier une géométrie des sections de passage (S1, S2) en condition de décharge complète de ladite turbine pour modifier une distribution spatiale de flux de gaz d'échappement en aval de ladite turbine. L'invention a également pour objet la turbine de turbocompresseur correspondante.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING GLYCIDYL ESTERS OF BRANCHED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Accordingly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glycidyl ester of a branched monocarboxylic acid by reacting an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of the formula RRRCOOH, wherein R, R, and Reach independently represent an alkyl radical of normal or branched structure containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an epoxyalkyl halide containing from 3 to 13 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst, wherein 1. A process for the preparation of a glycidyl ester of a branched monocarboxylic acid comprising reacting an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of the formula RRRCOOH , wherein R , R , and Reach independently represent an alkyl radical of normal or branched structure containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an epoxyalkyl halide containing from 3 to 13 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst , whereina greater than stoichiometric amount of epoxyalkyl halide is reacted with the monocarboxylic acid in a coupling reaction to form an intermediate reaction product comprising a halohydrin,the epoxyalkyl halide is added to the monocarboxylic acid with appropriate cooling such that the epoxyalkyl halide and the monocarboxylic acid are reacted at a temperature below 80° C. for a time sufficient to reduce the amount of monocarboxylic acid to no more than 2 wt % but no less than 0.1 wt % calculated on the initial amount of monocarboxylic acid,optionally removing any excess epoxyalkyl halide from the reaction product prior to a ring closure reaction,subjecting the reaction product to the ring closure reaction (DHC) and optionally to one or more after treatments (ADHC) for removal of any remaining halo functionality.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of epoxyalkyl halide to monocarboxylic acid is greater than 1.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio of epoxyalkyl halide is no greater than 1.5.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein excess epoxyalkyl halide is substantially removed before the DHC reaction.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein ...

FEEDER ELEMENT

The present invention relates to a feeder element for use in metal casting. The feeder element comprises a first end for mounting on a mould pattern or swing plate, an opposite second end comprising a mounting plate for mounting on a feeder sleeve and a bore between the first and second ends defined by a sidewall. The feeder element is compressible in use whereby to reduce the distance between the first and second ends. The bore has an axis that is offset from the centre of the mounting plate and an integrally formed rim extends from a periphery of said mounting plate. 1. A feeder element for use in metal casting , said feeder element comprising:a first end for mounting on a mould pattern or swing plate;an opposite second end comprising a mounting plate for mounting on a feeder sleeve; anda bore between the first and second ends defined by a sidewall;said feeder element being compressible in use whereby to reduce the distance between the first and second ends;wherein said bore has an axis that is offset from the centre of said mounting plate and wherein an integrally formed rim extends from a periphery of said mounting plate.2. The feeder element according to claim 1 , wherein the mounting plate is elongate and/or asymmetrical and claim 1 , when oriented in use claim 1 , has a vertical dimension which is longer than a horizontal dimension claim 1 , thereby defining a pair of long peripheral edges.3. The feeder element according to claim 2 , wherein the rim extends at least partially along the long peripheral edges of the mounting plate.4. The feeder element according to claim 1 , wherein the bore is located substantially centrally with respect to the nominal width of the mounting plate.5. The feeder element according to claim 1 , wherein the rim is in the form of a pair of tabs each extending along a respective one of the long peripheral edges.6. The feeder element according to claim 1 , wherein the rim extends continuously around the periphery of the mounting plate ...

FEEDER ELEMENT

An elongate collapsible feeder element for use in metal casting and a feeder system with attached feeder element and feeder sleeve. The feeder element has an A end and an opposite B end measured along the height, and a C end and an opposite D end measured along the length. The A end is for mounting on a mold pattern or swing plate and the opposite B end is for receiving a feeder sleeve. A bore is between the A and B ends defined by a sidewall having a stepped collapsible portion. The feeder element is compressible in use to reduce the distance between the A and B ends. The bore is offset from the centre of the feeder element along the length towards the C end and a second sidewall region is non-planar, contiguous with a third sidewall region and located between the bore axis and the D end. 1204020402040. An elongate feeder element (; ) for use in metal casting , said feeder element (; ) having a length , a width and a height , said feeder element (; ) comprising:an A end and an opposite B end measured along the height, and a C end and an opposite D end measured along the length, said A end for mounting on a mould pattern or swing plate and said opposite B end for receiving a feeder sleeve; and a bore between the A and B ends defined by a sidewall comprising a stepped collapsible portion;said feeder element being compressible in use whereby to reduce the distance between the A and B ends;{'b': 24', '52', '38', '50', '24', '52', '32', '44', '34', '46, 'i': a,b,c,d', 'a,b', 'a,b,c,d', 'a,b, 'wherein said sidewall has a first sidewall region (;) defining the B end of the feeder element which serves as a mounting surface for a feeder sleeve in use, and a second sidewall region (; ) contiguous with the first sidewall region (;), wherein said stepped collapsible portion comprises a series of third sidewall regions (; ) in the form of concentric rings of decreasing diameter interconnected and integrally formed with a series of fourth sidewall regions (; ) in the form of ...

Motor vehicle with actuated battery exchange and a roller bearing u-profile teflon coated guide

The invention concerns a motor vehicle ( 1 ), preferably a truck or a lorry, comprising a battery exchange station ( 2 ), the battery exchange station ( 2 ) comprising at least one battery ( 3 ), an actuator element ( 4 ) and a connecting element ( 5 ) arranged between the battery ( 3 ) and the actuator element ( 4 ), the actuator element ( 4 ) being movable from a first to a second position, such that in the first position the at least one battery ( 3 ) is arranged completely under the motor vehicle ( 1 ), while in the second position the at least one battery ( 3 ) is arranged completely outside, preferably behind, the motor vehicle ( 1 ).

Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

A gas turbine combustion chamber, having a combustion chamber housing, a burner positioned at least partially in the combustion chamber housing and a flame tube positioned in the combustion chamber housing. An upstream end of the flame tube has a flame tube cover. In the region of the flame tube cover radially inside the flame tube cover a mixing tube of the burner extends, which defines a pre-primary combustion zone. Between the mixing tube of the burner and the flame tube cover an axial air flow passage is formed, via which air can be conducted in the axial direction outside along the mixing tube, and into the flame tube cover radial air flow passages are introduced via which the air following the axial air flow passage can be conducted in the radial direction of the flame tube cover for cooling the flame tube cover. 1. A gas turbine combustion chamber , comprising:a combustion chamber housing;a burner positioned in the combustion chamber housing at least in portions;a flame tube positioned in the combustion chamber housing, that contains a primary combustion zone,a flame tube cover is positioned on an upstream end of the flame tube;a mixing tube of the burner extends in a region of the flame tube cover radially inside adjoining the flame tube cover which at least in portions defines a pre-primary combustion zone;an axial air flow passage is formed between the mixing tube of the burner and the flame tube cover configured for air to be conducted in an axial direction outside along the mixing tube for cooling the mixing tube; andradial air flow passages are introduced into the flame tube cover via which the air following the axial air flow passage can be conducted in a radial direction of the flame tube cover for cooling the flame tube cover.2. The gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 1 , further comprisinginlet openings of the radial air flow passages formed on a radially inner lateral surface of the flame tube cover inlet openings via which the air ...

Method for regulating hydrostatic drive system, involves driving pump by internal combustion engine, where one pump drives hydro motor, which regulates flow rate of volume flow, and adjust reference value is derived as volume flow function

The method involves driving a pump by an internal-combustion engine, where one of the pumps drives a hydro-motor, which regulates a flow rate of a volume flow (Q). An adjust-reference value (w) is determined as a function of the volume flow for the hydro-motor. Another adjust-reference value is determined by modifying the former adjust-reference value through a correction value, which depends on an actual deviation of the internal combustion engine speed. The hydro-motor is adjusted so that a constant pressure level is produced at a maximum performance level of the internal-combustion engine.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids

Accordingly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glycidyl ester of a branched monocarboxylic acid by reacting an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 COOH, wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent an alkyl radical of normal or branched structure containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an epoxyalkyl halide containing from 3 to 13 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst, wherein a greater than stoichiometric amount of epoxyalkyl halide is reacted with the acid (e.g., preferably in the molar ratio of epoxyalkyl halide to acid that is in the range of from 1.02:1 to 1.50:1) to form an intermediate reaction product comprising a halohydrin, the epoxyalkyl halide is added to the acid with appropriate cooling of the reactants and/or the reaction mixture to keep the temperature of the reaction mixture below 80°C, whereupon the epoxyalkyl halide and the acid are reacted at a temperature below 80°C (preferably in the range of from 55 to 75°C) for a time sufficient to reduce the amount of acid to no more than 2 wt% but no less than 0.1 wt% calculated on the initial amount of acid, optionally removing any excess epoxyalkyl halide from the reaction product prior to the ring closure reaction, subjecting the reaction product to a ring closure reaction (DHC) and optionally to one or more after treatments (ADHC) for removal of any remaining halo functionality.

Metal compounds for use as initiators

The invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L)a]Xb}n, wherein these initiators preferably comprise (SbF6-) as the counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal SbF6- salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The invention also relates to preparations and epoxy systems that contain said initiators and that are especially non-thermally and/or thermally curable.

Exchanging test for lambda sensors

Amplifier with ESD protection

Verstärker mit – einem ersten Verstärkerzweig (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) mit einem ersten Eingang (108, 208, 308, 408, 509) und einem ersten Ausgang (109, 209, 309, 409, 509); – einem zweiten Verstärkerzweig (102, 202, 302, 402, 502) mit einem zweiten Eingang (114, 214, 314, 414, 514) und einem zweiten Ausgang (115, 215, 315, 415, 515); – wenigstens einer zwischen den ersten und den zweiten Eingang geschalteten Induktivität (116, 216, 322 322', 422, 422', 522, 522') sowie einem verschalteten Knotenpunkt (118, 218, 318, 418, 518), wobei der verschaltete Knotenpunkt die wenigstens eine Induktivität in zwei Teile mit übereinstimmenden Aufbau zum ersten und zum zweiten Eingang hin unterteilt; und – wenigstens einer an den verschalteten Knotenpunkt (118, 218, 318, 418, 518) angeschlossenen ESD-Schutzstruktur (119, 219, 319, 419, 519), wobei: der erste Verstärkerzweig (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) einen ersten Transistor (106, 206, 306, 406) und einen...

N-substituted tricyclic 3-aminopyrazoles as pdgf receptor inhibitors

The invention is directed to N-substituted tricyclic 3-AMINOPYRAZOLE derivatives, which are useful as inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) kinase, and methods for the preparation of said derivatives. The present invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the presentinvention and to methods for treating conditions such as tumors and other cell proliferative disorders.

Portable equipment for obtaining and analyzing ruminal liquid

The invention relates to an equipment for obtaining and analyzing the ruminal liquid and urine, in order to diagnose, treat and prevent diseases of ruminants. The equipment is designed so as to obtain easily a ruminal liquid and urine in order to diagnose rapidly and detect subclinical diseases of cattle, directly on the fields. The equipment is easy to use and safe, facilitating the application of ruminal liquid from a sane animal to a sick animal, as well as for supplying other liquids and medicaments directly to the rumen. The equipment comprises the following instruments: a) probe with metal head for obtaining and applying the liquid for adult bovines; b) probe with metal head for obtaining and applying ruminal liquid to yearling calves and small ruminants; c) two-way metal pump for obtaining and applying the ruminal liquid and other liquids; d) reception reservoir for the ruminal liquid obtained, with a capacity of 5 litres; e) portable potentiometer for determining the pH; f) metal catheters for taking the urine, in a metal case with disinfectant solution; g) various holding instruments such as nose forceps for adult bovines, mouth openers for introducing the ruminal probe into adult bovines and for small ruminants; h) portable case with reagents for analyzing the ruminal liquid and urine; i) instruction videocassette with the explanations for diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases of the rumen and more frequent metabolic diseases in bovines. Finally, the object of the invention is to present an equipment which is of simple use and easy to transport for analyzing the ruminal liquid and urine, with which the medical veterinary zootechnician can diagnose on the field 16 different diseases of ruminants.

Portable equipment for obtaining and analyzing ruminal liquid and urine

The invention reffers to an equipment for collecting and analyzing ruminal fluid and urine, to may possible the diagnosis of ruminants' diseases, as well as the corresponding treatment and prevention. The equipment was designed with the purpose of collecting, in an easy manner, ruminal fluid and urine, to the end of a fast diagnosis be attained and inclusively performing the detection of the cattle's subclinical diseases directly in the field conditions. The equipment is easy and safe to employ, and facilitates the ruminal fluid applying from a healthy animal to a sick one, as well as the provision of other fluids and drugs directly to the rumen. The equipment consists of the following instruments: a) A tube with metallic head for collecting and applying the fluid to adult bovines. b) A tube with metallic head for collecting and applying ruminal fluid to calves and to small ruminants. c) A double metallic pump for collecting and applying ruminal fluid and other fluids. d) A 5.0-liter-capacity recipient tank for the ruminal fluid collected, or for other fluids. e) A portable pH-meter for pH determination. f) Some metallic catheters for urine extraction, into a metallic case containing a disinfectant solution. g) Diverse instruments for cattle handling and tubes introduction as: a noser-holder, a mouth-wedge, etc. h) A portable case with reagents for both ruminal fluid and urine analyses. i) A videocassette with instructions (for collecting and analyzing ruminal fluid and urine, for the treatment of ruminal disorders). Therefore it is an objective of the present invention to present an equipment of single usage, and easy for transportation, for the analyses of ruminal fluid and urine, with which veterinarians could perform the diagnosis at the field level of a total of sixteen different ruminants' diseases.

HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP

Footwear sole

Semelle extérieure d'une chaussure comprenant une structure multicouche comprenant une couche inférieure en matériaux synthétiques, une plaque (3) en matériaux rigides et élastiques et une couche supérieure en matériaux synthétiques, la semelle comprenant un axe médian longitudinal (X, X') délimitant une partie intérieure (PI) d'une partie extérieure (PE), ladite plaque (3) s'étendant de l'extrémité distale de l'avant-pied (5) à la zone d'appui du talon (10), tandis que la plaque (3) comprend un évidement (7) débouchant vers la périphérie distale de la semelle.

Razor blades and other thin cutting edge tools and method of manufacture of such tools

A HOT ROLLED STEEL STRIP CONTAINING 14% CHROMIUM IS ANNEALED AT 825*C. FOR AT LEAST TWO HOURS AND THEN COOLED. THE ANNEALED STRIP IS THEN COLD ROLLED IN SEVERAL STEPS WITH INTERMEDIATE RECRYSTALLIZATION ANNEALINGS TO A THICKNESS OF ABOUT 0.2 MM. THEN THE STRIP IS AUSTENITIZED AT A TEMPERATURE OF 1140*C. FOR ABOUT 5 SECONDS AND THEN QUENCHED TO PRODUCE A MARTENSITE AND AUSTENITE MIXTURE WITH AN AUSTENITE CONTENT OF ABOUT 60%. THE STRIP IS THEN HEATED AT 710*C. FOR TWO HOURS PRODUCING A PRECIPITATION OF FINE CARBIDE GRAINS IN A MATRIX OF FERRITE. AFTER FURTHER COLD ROLLING WITH INTERMEDIATE RECRYSTALLIZATION ANNEALINGS TO THE FINAL THICKNESS OF 0.1 MM., THE STRIP IS HEATED TO A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 1100*C., QUENCHED TO -80*C., AND ANNEALED AT ABOUT 200*C.; AN EDGE OF THE STRIP IS GROUND TO PROVIDE A SHARPENED RAZOR EDGE; AND A LAYER TO IMPROVE THE SHAVING PROPERTIES IS APPLIED TO THE SHARPENED EDGE IN A PROCESS INVOLVING HEATING THE STEEL TO A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 200 AND 400*C.

Towing methods and systems for geophysical surveys

Disclosed are methods and systems for controlling spread and/or depth in a geophysical survey. An embodiment discloses a submersible deflector, comprising: an upper portion comprising an upper fin section and upper foils disposed below the upper fin section, wherein at least one slot is defined between the upper foils; and a lower portion coupled to the upper portion and disposed below the upper portion, wherein the lower portion comprises a lower fin section and lower foils disposed above the lower fin section, wherein at least one slot is defined between the lower foils. Also disclosed are marine geophysical survey systems and methods of performing geophysical surveys.

Methods and systems for towing in geophysical surveys

Method for regulating a hydrostatic drive system

The invention relates to a method for regulating a hydrostatic drive system which has at least one pump which is driven by an internal combustion engine and at least one hydraulic motor which is driven by the pump, and comprises the method steps: determining the volume flow rate flowing through the hydraulic motor; determining a first adjustment nominal value for the hydraulic motor as a function of the previously determined volume flow rate rate; determining a second adjustment nominal value by modifying the first adjustment nominal value by a correction value which is determined as a function of the nominal/actual value deviation of the internal combustion engine rotational speed by means of a vehicle-specific characteristic curve which incorporates the different power profiles for traction and overrun operation, respectively, of the internal combustion engine, with the hydraulic motor being adjusted in such a way that a substantially constant pressure level is generated at the maximum power level of the internal combustion engine.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of the invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

Presented are ways to address the problem of replication competent adenovirus in adenoviral production for use with, for example, gene therapy. Packaging cells having no overlapping sequences with a selected vector and are suited for large scale production of recombinant adenoviruses. A system for use with the invention produces adenovirus incapable of replicating. The system includes a primary cell containing a nucleic acid based on or derived from adenovirus and an isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule for transfer into the primary cell. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is based on or derived from an adenovirus, and further has at least one functional encapsidating signal, and at least one functional Inverted Terminal Repeat. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule lacks overlapping sequences with the nucleic acid of the cell. Otherwise, the overlapping sequences would enable homologous recombination leading to replication competent adenovirus in the primary cell into which the isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is to be transferred.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus used in gene therapy

LA INVENCION PROPORCIONA METODOS MEJORADOS Y PRODUCTOS BASADOS EN MATERIALES DE ADENOVIRUS QUE PUEDEN UTILIZARSE VENTAJOSAMENTE POR EJEMPLO EN TERAPIA GENICA. EN OTRO PUNTO SE PROPORCIONA UN VECTOR DE ADENOVIRUS QUE NO TIENE SOLAPAMIENTO CON UNA LINEA DE EMPAQUETAMIENTO DE CELULAS ADECUADAS QUE ES OTRO ASPECTO DE LA INVENCION. ESTA COMBINACION EXCLUYE LA POSIBILIDAD DE RECOMBINACION HOMOLOGA, CON LO QUE SE EXCLUYE LA POSIBILIDAD DE FORMACION DE ADENOVIRUS COMPETENTES PARA LA REPLICACION. EN OTRO PUNTO SE PRESENTA UNA CONSTRUCCION COLABORADORA BASADA EN EL ADENOVIRUS QUE POR SUS DIMENSIONES ES IMPOSIBLE DE ENCAPSIDAR. ESTE VIRUS COLABORADOR PUEDE TRANSFERIRSE A OTRA CELULA HUESPED ADECUADA CONVIRTIENDOLA EN UNA CELULA DE EMPAQUETAMIENTO. ADEMAS, SE PRESENTA UNA SERIE DE MUTACIONES UTILES A MATERIALES BASADOS EN ADENOVIRUS Y COMBINACIONES DE DICHAS MUTACIONES, QUE TIENEN TODAS EN COMUN LA SEGURIDAD DE LOS METODOS Y LOS PRODUCTOS, EN PARTICULAR QUE EVITAN LA PRODUCCION DE ADENOVIRUS COMPETENTES PARA LA REPLICACION Y/O LA INTERFERENCIA CON EL SISTEMA INMUNITARIO. ADEMAS, SE PRESENTA UN METODO DE AMPLIFICACION INTRACELULAR. THE INVENTION PROVIDES IMPROVED METHODS AND PRODUCTS BASED ON ADENOVIRUS MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED ADVANTAGLY FOR EXAMPLE IN GENE THERAPY. ANOTHER POINT OF ADENOVIRUS IS PROVIDED ON ANOTHER POINT, WHICH DOES NOT HAVE SOLAPING WITH AN APPROPRIATE CELL PACKING LINE THAT IS ANOTHER ASPECT OF THE INVENTION. THIS COMBINATION EXCLUDES THE POSSIBILITY OF HOMOLOGICAL RECOMBINATION, WHICH EXCLUDES THE POSSIBILITY OF COMPETENT ADENOVIRUS TRAINING FOR REPLICATION. IN ANOTHER POINT A COLLABORATING CONSTRUCTION BASED ON THE ADENOVIRUS IS PRESENTED THAT, BY ITS DIMENSIONS, IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ENCAPSIDATE. THIS COLLABORATING VIRUS CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER APPROPRIATE GUEST BY BECOMING IT IN A PACKING CELL. IN ADDITION, A SERIES OF USEFUL MUTATIONS TO ADENOVIRUS-BASED MATERIALS AND COMBINATIONS OF THESE MUTATIONS, WHICH ALL HAVE IN COMMUNITY THE SAFETY OF METHODS ...

PACKAGING SYSTEMS FOR HUMAN RECOMBINANT ADENOVIVRUS INTENDED FOR GENETIC THERAPY

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

Presented are ways to address the problem of replication competent adenovirus in adenoviral production for use with, for example, gene therapy. Packaging cells having no overlapping sequences with a selected vector and are suited for large scale production of recombinant adenoviruses. A system for use with the invention produces adenovirus incapable of replicating. The system includes a primary cell containing a nucleic acid based on or derived from adenovirus and an isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule for transfer into the primary cell. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is based on or derived from an adenovirus, and further has at least one functional encapsidating signal, and at least one functional Inverted Terminal Repeat. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule lacks overlapping sequences with the nucleic acid of the cell. Otherwise, the overlapping sequences would enable homologous recombination leading to replication competent adenovirus in the primary cell into which the isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is to be transferred.

Means and methods for nucleic acid transfer

Cells capable of at least, in part, complementing adenovirus E2A function of an adenovirus defective in E2A function. Such cells include a nucleic acid encoding adenovirus E2A or a functional part, derivative and/or analogue thereof, integrated into the genome of the cell. Preferably, the cell has E2 A nucleic acid derived from a temperature sensitive adenovirus such as adenovirus ts125. Methods for producing an adenovirus particle containing an adenovirus vector with a functional deletion of E2A. Such a method involves providing a cell as previously described with the functionally deleted adenovirus vector, culturing the cell, and harvesting the virus particle. Th e functional deletion can comprise a deletion of at least part of the nucleic acid encoding E2A. In such a method, the nucleic acid encoding adenovirus E2 A in the genome of the cell preferably has no sequence overlap with the vector which leads to replication competent adenovirus and/or to the formation of a n adenovirus vector comprising E2A function. In the method, the adenovirus vector preferably further comprises a functional deletion of E1-region encoding nucleic acid. Adenovirus vectors comprising a functional deletion o f adenovirus E2A, preferably a deletion of at least part of the nucleic acid encoding E2A. Preparations ofadenovirus vector containing adenovirus particles wherein the adenovirus vector comprises a functional deletion of E2A. Such an adenovirus vector preferably further includes a deletion of nucleic acid encoding E1-region proteins, and may be free of adenovirus vectors comprising E2A function. Methods for providing cells of an individua l with a nucleic acid of interest, without risk of administering simultaneousl y a replication competent adenovirus vector, comprising administering the individual one of the previously described preparations.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus intended for gene therapy

Un método para generar una línea celular que es capaz de complementar adenovirus recombinantes con E1 suprimida, que comprende proporcionar una célula humana con una molécula de ácido nucleico que comprende secuencias E1 adenovirales que codifican los productos génicos E1A y E1B funcionales y carecen de secuencias pIX, para integrar la molécula de ácido nucleico en el genoma de dicha célula humana y para expresar E1A, E1B 55 kD y E1B 21 kD en dicha célula. A method of generating a cell line that is capable of complementing recombinant adenoviruses with suppressed E1, which comprises providing a human cell with a nucleic acid molecule that comprises adenoviral E1 sequences encoding functional E1A and E1B gene products and lacking pIX sequences, to integrate the nucleic acid molecule into the genome of said human cell and to express E1A, E1B 55 kD and E1B 21 kD in said cell.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

Presented are ways to address the problem of replication competent adenovirus in adenoviral production for use with, for example, gene therapy. Packaging cells having no overlapping sequences with a selected vector and are suited for large scale production of recombinant adenoviruses. A method of the invention produces adenovirus incapable of replicating. The method includes a primary cell containing a nucleic acid based on or derived from adenovirus and an isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule for transfer into the primary cell. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is based on or derived from an adenovirus, and further has at least one functional encapsidating signal, and at least one functional Inverted Terminal Repeat. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule lacks overlapping sequences with the nucleic acid of the cell. Otherwise, the overlapping sequences would enable homologous recombination leading to replication competent adenovirus in the primary cell into which the isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is to be transferred.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

Presented are ways to address the problem of replication competent adenovirus in adenoviral production for use with, for example, gene therapy. Packaging cells having no overlapping sequences with a selected vector and are suited for large scale production of recombinant adenoviruses. A system for use with the invention produces adenovirus incapable of replicating. The system includes a primary cell containing a nucleic acid based on or derived from adenovirus and an isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule for transfer into the primary cell. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is based on or derived from an adenovirus, and further has at least one functional encapsidating signal, and at least one functional Inverted Terminal Repeat. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule lacks overlapping sequences with the nucleic acid of the cell. Otherwise, the overlapping sequences would enable homologous recombination leading to replication competent adenovirus in the primary cell into which the isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is to be transferred.

Stocks of replication-deficient adenovirus

Presented are ways to address the problem of replication-competent adenovirus in adenoviral production for use with, for example, gene therapy. Packaging cells having no overlapping sequences with a selected vector are suited for large scale production of recombinant adenoviruses. A system for use with the invention produces replication-defective adenovirus. The system includes a primary cell containing a nucleic acid based on or derived from adenovirus and an isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule for transfer into the primary cell. The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is based on or derived from an adenovirus, has at least one functional encapsidation signal and at least one functional Inverted Terminal Repeat, and lacks overlapping sequences with the nucleic acid of the cell. Otherwise, the overlapping sequences would enable homologous recombination leading to replication-competent adenovirus in the primary cell into which the isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is to be transferred.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of the invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenovirus to be used in gene therapy

The invention provides improved methods and products based on adenoviral materials which can advantageously be used in for instance gene therapy. In one aspect an adenoviral vector is provided which has no overlap with a suitable packaging cell line which is another aspect of invention. This combination excludes the possibility of homologous recombination, thereby excluding the possibility of the formation of replication competent adenovirus. In another aspect an adenovirus based helper construct which by its size is incapable of being encapsidated. This helper virus can be transferred into any suitable host cell making it a packaging cell. Further a number of useful mutations to adenoviral based materials and combinations of such mutations are disclosed, which all have in common the safety of the methods and the products, in particular avoiding the production of replication competent adenovirus and/or interference with the immune system. Further a method of intracellular amplification is provided.

PACKAGING SYSTEMS FOR HUMAN RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUS; INTENDED FOR GENE THERAPY.

Un método para generar una línea celular que es capaz de complementar adenovirus recombinantes con E1 suprimida, que comprende proporcionar una célula humana con una molécula de ácido nucleico que comprende secuencias E1 adenovirales que codifican los productos génicos E1A y E1B funcionales y carecen de secuencias pIX, para integrar la molécula de ácido nucleico en el genoma de dicha célula humana y para expresar E1A, E1B 55 kD y E1B 21 kD en dicha célula. A method of generating a cell line that is capable of complementing recombinant adenoviruses with suppressed E1, which comprises providing a human cell with a nucleic acid molecule that comprises adenoviral E1 sequences encoding functional E1A and E1B gene products and lacking pIX sequences, to integrate the nucleic acid molecule into the genome of said human cell and to express E1A, E1B 55 kD and E1B 21 kD in said cell.

PACKAGING SYSTEMS FOR ADENOVIRUS RECOMBINANT IN MAN INTENDED FOR GENE THERAPY.

LA INVENCION PROPORCIONA METODOS MEJORADOS Y PRODUCTOS BASADOS EN MATERIALES DE ADENOVIRUS QUE PUEDEN UTILIZARSE VENTAJOSAMENTE POR EJEMPLO EN TERAPIA GENICA. EN OTRO PUNTO SE PROPORCIONA UN VECTOR DE ADENOVIRUS QUE NO TIENE SOLAPAMIENTO CON UNA LINEA DE EMPAQUETAMIENTO DE CELULAS ADECUADAS QUE ES OTRO ASPECTO DE LA INVENCION. ESTA COMBINACION EXCLUYE LA POSIBILIDAD DE RECOMBINACION HOMOLOGA, CON LO QUE SE EXCLUYE LA POSIBILIDAD DE FORMACION DE ADENOVIRUS COMPETENTES PARA LA REPLICACION. EN OTRO PUNTO SE PRESENTA UNA CONSTRUCCION COLABORADORA BASADA EN EL ADENOVIRUS QUE POR SUS DIMENSIONES ES IMPOSIBLE DE ENCAPSIDAR. ESTE VIRUS COLABORADOR PUEDE TRANSFERIRSE A OTRA CELULA HUESPED ADECUADA CONVIRTIENDOLA EN UNA CELULA DE EMPAQUETAMIENTO. ADEMAS, SE PRESENTA UNA SERIE DE MUTACIONES UTILES A MATERIALES BASADOS EN ADENOVIRUS Y COMBINACIONES DE DICHAS MUTACIONES, QUE TIENEN TODAS EN COMUN LA SEGURIDAD DE LOS METODOS Y LOS PRODUCTOS, EN PARTICULAR QUE EVITAN LA PRODUCCION DE ADENOVIRUS COMPETENTES PARA LA REPLICACION Y/O LA INTERFERENCIA CON EL SISTEMA INMUNITARIO. ADEMAS, SE PRESENTA UN METODO DE AMPLIFICACION INTRACELULAR. THE INVENTION PROVIDES IMPROVED METHODS AND PRODUCTS BASED ON ADENOVIRUS MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED ADVANTAGESLY FOR EXAMPLE IN GENE THERAPY. ANOTHER POINT OF ADENOVIRUS IS PROVIDED ON ANOTHER POINT, WHICH DOES NOT HAVE SOLAPING WITH AN APPROPRIATE CELL PACKING LINE THAT IS ANOTHER ASPECT OF THE INVENTION. THIS COMBINATION EXCLUDES THE POSSIBILITY OF HOMOLOGICAL RECOMBINATION, WHICH EXCLUDES THE POSSIBILITY OF COMPETENT ADENOVIRUS TRAINING FOR REPLICATION. IN ANOTHER POINT A COLLABORATING CONSTRUCTION BASED ON THE ADENOVIRUS IS PRESENTED THAT, BY ITS DIMENSIONS, IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ENCAPSIDATE. THIS COLLABORATING VIRUS CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER APPROPRIATE GUEST BY BECOMING IT IN A PACKING CELL. IN ADDITION, A SERIES OF USEFUL MUTATIONS TO ADENOVIRUS-BASED MATERIALS AND COMBINATIONS OF THESE MUTATIONS, WHICH ALL HAVE IN COMMUNITY THE SAFETY OF ...

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenoviruses to be used in gene therapy

Packaging systems for human recombinant adenoviruses to be used in gene therapy

Toilet adapter for pet animals

Conductive compositions with compositionally controlled bulk resistivity

The invention relates to a method of making a conductive thermoplastic composition containing at least one dispersed phase polymer with a continuous phase polymer and at least one conductivity imparting agent wherein the bulk resistivity of the composition is at least partially determined by the particle size of the dispersed phase within the continuous phase. The thermoplastic composition preferably comprises a compatibilized blend of at least one polyphenylene ether resin, at least one polyamide resin, and at least one conductivity imparting agent, and optionally, one or more of impact modifiers, stabilizers, antioxidants, lubricants, and fillers.

Battery device

A battery device comprising a battery, which comprises a first battery contact and a second battery contact, each contact located on an upper surface of the battery. A connection means functions to releasably attach to the first battery contact and second battery contact. A first vertical member, extending generally vertically from the connection means is substantially aligned with first battery contact, and a second vertical member, extends generally vertically from the connection means and is substantially aligned with second battery contact. A generally pliable upper member is securely affixed to upper distal ends of the first vertical member and second vertical member, the upper member formed into a previously determined shape recognizable by a user. The upper member includes an illumination means thereon, the illumination means powered by the battery utilizing first vertical member and second vertical member as conduits therefor. In the preferred mode, the illumination means comprises a plurality of colored LED devices thereon.

Medical delivery system having container recognition and container for use with the medical delivery system

A medical delivery system comprising a container and a dosing assembly where the container is fastenable to the dosing assembly. When the container is secured to the dosing assembly, a recognition feature on the container is adapted to co-operate with a variable resistor disposed in the dosing assembly to thereby facilitate an identification of the specific type of container which is secured to the dosing assembly. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a container and a dosing assembly suitable for use in the medical delivery system according to the present invention.

Method for manufacturing a trim part for the interior of an automobile vehicle or at least a skin therefor

A method for manufacturing at least a skin (2) for forming a visible front surface (3) of an interior trim part which comprises at least one pre-manufactured insert (6) showing a back face (7) situated at a distance behind said visible surface. The skin is made by applying at least one flowable skin material for producing an elastomeric, non-cellular or micro-cellular plastic skin (2) against at least one surface of a mould (9) and by allowing this flowable skin material to harden. Before uniting any structural backing layer (4) or intermediate foam layer (5) to the back side of the skin, the pre-manufactured insert is adhesively fixed to said skin material. Use is preferably made as said flowable skin material of a reactive polyurethane mixture. The pre-manufactured insert is preferably adhesively fixed, at least partially by the adhesion of said flowable skin material itself before it has completely hardened. This method allows to integrate the inserts easier in the trim parts and to achieve a qualitative visual transition between the plastic material of the skin and the inserts.

Process for the preparation of purified concentrates of the B group vitamins

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A GLYCYDYL ESTER OF A BRANCHED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID.

PROCESSO PARA A PREPARAÇÃO DE UM ÉSTER GLICIDÍLICO DE UM ÁCIDO MONOCARBOXÍLICO RAMIFICADO. A invenção refere-se a um a processo para a preparação de um éster glicidílico de um ácido monocarboxílico ramificado reagindo um ácido monocarboxílico alifático de fórmula R1R2R3COOH, em que R1 , R2 , e R3 cada um independentemente representam um radical alquila de estrutura normal ou ramificada contendo de 1 a 20 átomos de carbono e um haleto de epoxialquila contendo de 3 a 13 átomos de carbono na presença de um catalisador, em que uma quantidade de haleto de epoxialquila maior que a quantidade estequiométrica reagida com o ácido (por exemplo, preferivelmente em relação molar de haleto de epoxialquila e ácido na faixa de 1,02: 1 a 1,50:1) para formar um produto de reação intermediário contendo uma haloidrina, o haleto de epoxialquila sendo adicionado ao ácido com resfriamento adequado dos reagentes e/ou da mistura de reação para manter a temperatura da mistura de reação abaixo de 80°C, com o que o haleto de epoxialquila e o ácido são reagidos em uma temperatura abaixo de 80°C (preferivelmente na faixa de 55 a 75°C) por um tempo suficiente para reduzir a quantidade de ácido a não mais que 2 % em peso mas não menos que 0,1 % em peso calculado sobre a quantidade inicial de ácido, removendo opcionalmente qualquer excesso de haleto de epoxialquila do produto de reação antes da reação de fechamento de anel, submetendo o produto de reação a uma reação de fechamento de anel (DHC) e opcionalmente a um ou mais tratamentos adicionais (ADHC) para remoção de qualquer funcionalidade halo remanescente.

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids

Accordingly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glycidyl ester of a branched monocarboxylic acid by reacting an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 CCOOH, wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent an alkyl radical of normal or branched structure containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an epoxyalkyl halide containing from 3 to 13 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst, wherein a greater than stoichiometric amount of epoxyalkyl halide is reacted with the acid (e.g., preferably in the molar ratio of epoxyalkyl halide to acid that is in the range of from 1.02:1 to 1.50:1) to form an intermediate reaction product comprising a halohydrin, the epoxyalkyl halide is added to the acid with appropriate cooling of the reactants and/or the reaction mixture to keep the temperature of the reaction mixture below 80° C., whereupon the epoxyalkyl halide and the acid are reacted at a temperature below 80° C. (preferably in the range of from 55 to 75° C.) for a time sufficient to reduce the amount of acid to no more than 2 wt % but no less than 0.1 wt % calculated on the initial amount of acid, optionally removing any excess epoxyalkyl halide from the reaction product prior to the ring closure reaction, subjecting the reaction product to a ring closure reaction (DHC) and optionally to one or more after treatments (ADHC) for removal of any remaining halo functionality.

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids.

Por lo tanto, la invención se relaciona con un proceso para la preparación de un glicidil éster de un ácido monocarboxílico ramificado mediante la reacción de un ácido monocarboxílico alifático de la fórmula R1R2R3COOH, en donde R1, R2, y R3 cada uno representan independientemente un radical alquilo de la estructura normal o ramificada que contiene desde 1 hasta 20 átomos de carbono y un haluro de epoxialquilo que contiene desde 3 hasta 13 átomos de carbono en la presencia de un catalizador, en donde mayor que una cantidad estequiométrica de haluro de epoxialquilo es reaccionada con el ácido (por ejemplo, preferiblemente en la proporción molar de haluro de epoxialquilo con respecto al ácido que está en el intervalo desde 1.02:1 hasta 1.50:1) para formar un producto de reacción intermediario que comprende una halohidrina, el haluro de epoxialquilo se agrega al ácido con enfriamiento apropiado de los reactivos y/o la mezcla de reacción para mantener la temperatura de la mezcla de reacción debajo de 80°C, con lo cual el haluro de epoxialquilo y el ácido son reaccionados a una temperatura debajo de 80°C (preferiblemente en el intervalo desde 55 hasta 75°C) por un tiempo suficiente para reducir la cantidad de ácido a no más de 2 % en peso pero no menos de 0.1 % en peso calculados en la cantidad inicial de ácido, extraer opcionalmente cualquier exceso de haluro de epoxialquilo del producto de reacción antes de la reacción de cierre del anillo, someter el producto de reacción a una reacción de cierre del anillo (DHC) y opcionalmente a uno o más tratamientos posteriores (ADHC) para la extracción de cualquier funcionalidad halo restante.

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids

Accordingly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glycidyl ester of a branched monocarboxylic acid by reacting an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 COOH, wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent an alkyl radical of normal or branched structure containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an epoxyalkyl halide containing from 3 to 13 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst, wherein - a greater than stoichiometric amount of epoxyalkyl halide is reacted with the acid (e.g., preferably in the molar ratio of epoxyalkyl halide to acid that is in the range of from 1.02:1 to 1.50: 1) to form an intermediate reaction product comprising a halohydrin, - the epoxyalkyl halide is added to the acid with appropriate cooling of the reactants and/or the reaction mixture to keep the temperature of the reaction mixture below 80°C, whereupon the epoxyalkyl halide and the acid are reacted at a temperature below 80°C (preferably in the range of from 55 to 75°C) for a time sufficient to reduce the amount of acid to no more than 2 wt% but no less than 0.1 wt% calculated on the initial amount of acid, - optionally removing any excess epoxyalkyl halide from the reaction product prior to the ring closure reaction, - subjecting the reaction product to a ring closure reaction (DHC) and optionally to one or more after treatments (ADHC) for removal of any remaining halo functionality.

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids

Accordingly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glycidyl ester of a branched monocarboxylic acid by reacting an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 COOH, wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent an alkyl radical of normal or branched structure containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an epoxyalkyl halide containing from 3 to 13 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst, wherein a greater than stoichiometric amount of epoxyalkyl halide is reacted with the acid (e.g., preferably in the molar ratio of epoxyalkyl halide to acid that is in the range of from 1.02:1 to 1.50:1) to form an intermediate reaction product comprising a halohydrin, the epoxyalkyl halide is added to the acid with appropriate cooling of the reactants and/or the reaction mixture to keep the temperature of the reaction mixture below 80°C, whereupon the epoxyalkyl halide and the acid are reacted at a temperature below 80°C (preferably in the range of from 55 to 75°C) for a time sufficient to reduce the amount of acid to no more than 2 wt% but no less than 0.1 wt% calculated on the initial amount of acid, optionally removing any excess epoxyalkyl halide from the reaction product prior to the ring closure reaction, subjecting the reaction product to a ring closure reaction (DHC) and optionally to one or more after treatments (ADHC) for removal of any remaining halo functionality.

Process for preparing glycidyl esters of branched monocarboxylic acids

Cord retainer for subscribers telephone appts. - is situated inside telephone housing for rigid enlargement with end covering piece of cord to absorb tension

Heterocyclic compounds based on N6-substituted adenine, processes of their preparation, their use in the preparation of medicaments, cosmetic compositions and growth regulators, as well as pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetic compositions and growth regulators in which these compounds are comprised

Nové dusíkaté heterocyklické deriváty na bázi N.sup.6.n.-substituovaného adeninu, které mají protinádorové, mitotické, imunosupresivní a antisenescenční účinky pro rostlinné, živočišné i lidské buňky a způsoby přípravy těchto derivátů. Farmaceutické přípravky, kosmetické přípravky a růstové regulátory obsahující tyto deriváty jako účinnou látku a použití těchto derivátů pro výrobu léčiv, v biotechnologiích, v kosmetickém průmyslu a v zemědělství.ŕ

Preparation of antioxidant glyceride derivatives utilizing esterification

A method of solubilizing a first compound in a second medium where the first compound has a limited solubility in the second medium. In particular, the method comprises reacting the first compound with the second medium. By this reaction, a product is formed whereby an active component of the first compound is covalently incorporated into the second medium. The first compound and second medium each contain at least one reactive group which will react with a reactive group of the other. In addition, the first compound comprises at least one antioxidant which will be covalently bonded to and thus effectively solubilized in the second medium by the reaction. The second medium comprises glyceride derivatives, silicones, fluorocarbons and alkoxylates containing reactive groups such as hydroxy, amino, carboxyl, ester, or amides.

Thermoplastic compound consisting of a thermoplastic polymer bonded to a dendritic or hyper-branched macromolecule and composition and product thereof

LED lighting module for a microscope

Hauptanspruch: Verfahren zur Beleuchtung einer Probe (36) in einem Mikroskop (35), wobei die Probe (36) in einer optischen Achse (18) des Mikroskops (35) liegt und mittels einer LED (14) angeleuchtet wird, wobei die LED (14) transversal versetzt zur optischen Achse (18) angeordnet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein optischer Diffusor (22) in Strahlungsrichtung hinter der LED (14) in der optischen Achse (18) angeordnet wird, dass durch den optischen Diffusor (22) mittels Streuung ein abgeschwächtes virtuelles Bild (26) der LED (14) auf der optischen Achse (18) innerhalb des Diffusors (22) erzeugt wird, dass das durch das virtuelle Bild (26) erzeugte Strahlungsfeld (27) ein in Strahlungsrichtung hinter dem Diffusor liegendes optisches Bauelement (28; 31) durchläuft.

LED lighting module for a microscope

Hauptanspruch: Verfahren zur Beleuchtung einer Probe (36) in einem Mikroskop (35), wobei die Probe (36) in einer optischen Achse (18) des Mikroskops (35) liegt und mittels einer LED (14) angeleuchtet wird, wobei die LED (14) transversal versetzt zur optischen Achse (18) angeordnet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein optischer Diffusor (22) in Strahlungsrichtung hinter der LED (14) in der optischen Achse (18) angeordnet wird, dass durch den optischen Diffusor (22) mittels Streuung ein abgeschwächtes virtuelles Bild (26) der LED (14) auf der optischen Achse (18) innerhalb des Diffusors (22) erzeugt wird, dass das durch das virtuelle Bild (26) erzeugte Strahlungsfeld (27) ein in Strahlungsrichtung hinter dem Diffusor liegendes optisches Bauelement (28; 31) durchläuft. Main claim: A method for illuminating a sample (36) in a microscope (35), wherein the sample (36) lies in an optical axis (18) of the microscope (35) and is illuminated by means of an LED (14), wherein the LED (14) is arranged offset transversely to the optical axis (18), characterized, an optical diffuser (22) is arranged behind the LED (14) in the optical axis (18) in the direction of radiation, a weakened virtual image (26) of the LED (14) on the optical axis (18) within the diffuser (22) is generated by the optical diffuser (22) by means of scattering, in that the radiation field (27) generated by the virtual image (26) passes through an optical component (28; 31) lying in the radiation direction behind the diffuser.

Load handling device

Polymorphic forms of the phosphate salt of 8-fluoro-2-{4-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl}-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6h-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-one

The present invention relates to novel polymorphic and amorphous forms of a phosphate salt of 8-fluoro-2-{4-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl}-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6H-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-one represented by formula (1), and to processes for their preparation. Such polymorphic forms may be a component of a pharmaceutical composition and may be used to treat a mammalian disease condition mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity including the disease condition such as cancer.

Polymorphic and amorphous forms of the phosphate salt of 8-fluoro-2-{4-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl}-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6h-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-one

The present invention relates to novel polymorphic and amorphous forms of a phosphate salt of 8-fluoro-2-{4-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl}-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6H-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-one represented by formula (1), and to processes for their preparation. Such polymorphic forms may be a component of a pharmaceutical composition and may be used to treat a mammalian disease condition mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity including the disease condition such as cancer.

Method for collision control of load vehicle, involves detecting two objects in surrounding of vehicle, where objects travel on traffic lane and counter lane, respectively and speed of first object is greater than that of second object

Beschrieben wird ein Verfahren zur Kollisionsvermeidung oder Kollisionsfolgenminderung für ein Kraftfahrzeug (1), mit den Schritten: - Erfassen von Objekten in einer Ist-Umgebung des Kraftfahrzeugs (1) mittels einer Umgebungserfassungsvorrichtung (5), - Ermitteln, ob eine Kollision des Kraftfahrzeugs (1) mit einem entgegenkommenden ersten Objekt (11) droht, mittels einer der Umgebungserfassungsvorrichtung (5) zugeordneten Auswertevorrichtung (13), - Auslösen einer Reaktion (25) zum Verhindern oder Folgemindern der drohenden Kollision. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich durch den folgenden Schritt aus: - Auslösen der Reaktion (25) mittels eines das erste Objekt (11) in einer Wegzeitbeziehung zu dem Kraftfahrzeug (1) kennzeichnenden ersten Kriteriums (19) und mittels eines zweiten Kriteriums, das erfüllt ist, falls eine die Ist-Umgebung kennzeichnende Ist-Umgebungsgröße (13) zumindest einen der folgenden Zustände aufweist: Das erste Objekt weist einen x-Abstand (X1, X2, X3) zu dem Kraftfahrzeug (1) auf, der kleiner ist als 50% einer Breite (BSpur) einer Fahrspur (29), die das Kraftfahrzeug befährt; ein entgegenkommendes zweites Objekt (15) befährt eine Gegenfahrspur (33) und das entgegenkommende erste Objekt (11) befährt die Fahrspur (29) zum Überholen des zweiten Objekts (15); das erste Objekt (11) befährt die Fahrspur (29) und das zweite Objekt (15) befährt die Gegenfahrspur (33) und ein drittes Objekt (45) folgt dem zweiten Objekt (15) auf der ...

Hearing aid device with positioning guide and hearing aid device system

A hearing aid device configured to be partly or fully inserted into the ear canal of a user is disclosed. The hearing aid device comprises a receiver (loudspeaker) adapted to generate and send an air-borne acoustic signal towards the eardrum when the hearing aid device is partly or fully inserted into the ear canal. The hearing aid device further comprises a microphone configured to receive acoustic signals. The hearing aid device comprises a processing unit configured to determine if the hearing aid device is positioned in a correct position in the ear canal on the basis of the acoustic signals received by the microphone.

Hearing aid device and hearing aid device system

A hearing aid device configured to be partly or fully inserted into the ear canal of a user is disclosed. The hearing aid device comprises a receiver (loudspeaker) adapted to generate and send an air-borne acoustic signal towards the eardrum when the hearing aid device is partly or fully inserted into the ear canal. The hearing aid device further comprises a microphone configured to receive acoustic signals. The hearing aid device comprises a processing unit configured to determine if the hearing aid device is positioned in a correct position in the ear canal on the basis of the acoustic signals received by the microphone.

Methods for treating B-cell malignancies using TACI-lg fusion molecule

Vehicle i.e. passenger car, has dead angle assisting device comprising sensors at front side, where sensors are arranged along longitudinal side in distributed manner and determine distance of object by vehicle in assisting device

The vehicle (10) has a dead angle assisting device comprising sensors (1-6) at a front side, where the sensors are arranged along a longitudinal side in a distributed manner. The sensors are summed-up for determination of a distance of an object by the vehicle in the dead angle assisting device, where a position of the object is definable with the dead angle assisting device relative to the vehicle. A warning device displays a warning signal based on a signal of the dead angle assisting device and a vehicle signal.

Method for warning driver of vehicle i.e. lorry, before object, involves determining driving path, when stationary object is detected in monitored surrounding area, and warning driver, when stationary object is located in driving path

Das Warnen eines Fahrzeugführers vor einem Objekt im Umgebungsbereich eines Fahrzeugs soll verbessert werden. Hierzu wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem der Umgebungsbereich des Fahrzeugs überwacht wird und ein Warnsignal unbedingt ausgegeben wird, wenn in dem überwachten Umgebungsbereich ein bewegtes Objekt erfasst wird. Wird in dem überwachten Umgebungsbereich ein stationäres Objekt (23) erfasst, so wird ein Fahrkorridor ermittelt und der Fahrzeugführer gewarnt, wenn sich das stationäre Objekt (23) in dem Fahrkorridor befindet. Es wird ferner eine entsprechende Vorrichtung bereitgestellt.

Phosphor composition containing fine silica particle and coarse silica particle, its production and display screen utilizing the same

(57)【要約】 【課題】 最適な輝度、色純度、不明瞭さの不存在、鮮 明度、ディスプレイスクリーンガラスへの蛍光体材料の 接着を達成する。 【解決手段】 亜鉛、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、カ ルシウム、およびバリウム元素の１またはそれ以上の酸 素化合物、ならびにコロイドＳｉＯ 2 粒子を含んで構成 されるコーティングを施された蛍光体からなる蛍光体組 成物を含んで構成される蛍光体コーティングを備えたデ ィスプレイスクリーンにおいて、コロイドＳｉＯ 2 粒子 が、平均粒径ｄが４〜３０ｎｍであり、比表面積Ａｓが １００〜５５０ｍ 2 ／ｇに相当するＳｉＯ 2 粒子と、平 均粒径ｄが５０〜１５０ｎｍであり、比表面積Ａｓが２ ５〜７０ｍ 2 ／ｇに相当するＳｉＯ 2 粒子とから構成さ れる。

Vehicle rollover sensing using short-term integration

A rollover sensing apparatus and method are provided for predicting rollover and/or pitchover conditions of a vehicle. An angular rate sensor senses attitude rate of the vehicle and an accelerometer measures vertical acceleration of the vehicle. A current attitude angle is estimated by integration, and a future attitude angle is predicted at an advance time as a function of the estimated current attitude angle and sensed attitude rate. The predicted attitude angle is compared to a threshold and an output is produced for indicating a predicted vehicle rollover condition based on the comparison. A vehicle rollover condition about the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is predicted by comparing a future roll angle to a rollover angle threshold, while a pitchover condition about the lateral axis of a vehicle is predicted by comparing a future pitch angle to a pitch angle threshold.

Vehicle rollover sensing

A rollover sensing apparatus and method are provided for predicting rollover and/or pitchover conditions of a vehicle. An angular rate sensor senses attitude rate of the vehicle, a first accelerometer measures horizontal acceleration of the vehicle, and a second accelerometer measures vertical acceleration of the vehicle. A current attitude angle is estimated with Kalman filtering and a future attitude angle is predicted at an advance time. The predicted attitude angle is compared to a threshold and an output is produced for indicating a predicted vehicle rollover condition based on the comparison. A vehicle rollover condition about the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is predicted by comparing a future roll angle to a rollover angle threshold, while a pitchover condition about the lateral axis of a vehicle is predicted by comparing a future pitch angle to a pitch angle threshold.

Vehicle rollover sensing using extended kalman filter

A rollover sensing apparatus and method are provided for predicting rollover or pitchover conditions of a vehicle. The apparatus and method sense angular roll rate, angular pitch rate, longitudinal acceleration, lateral acceleration, and vertical acceleration of the vehicle and produce output signals indicative thereof. A non-linear filter, such as an extended Kalman filter, estimates a current roll angle and a current pitch angle as a function of the sensed signals. A predictor predicts a future roll angle as a function of the estimated current roll angle and the sensed roll rate, and further predicts a future pitch angle as a function of the estimated current pitch angle and the sensed pitch rate. The predicted roll and pitch attitude angles are compared to a threshold value and a vehicle overturn condition signal is output to indicate a predicted vehicle rollover or pitchover condition.

Vehicle attitude angle estimation using sensed signal blending

An attitude angle estimator and method of estimating attitude angle of a vehicle. According to one embodiment, an angular attitude rate sensor senses angular attitude rate of a vehicle, and an accelerometer detects lateral or longitudinal acceleration. An attitude angle estimate is produced and is updated as a function of the sensed angular attitude rate. An acceleration-based attitude angle is determined as a function of the sensed acceleration, and a blending coefficient is provided. A *current vehicle attitude angle estimate is generated as a function of the updated attitude angle estimate, the acceleration-based attitude angle, and the blending coefficient. According to a second embodiment, both a roll angle estimate and a pitch angle estimate are determined.

Vehicle rollover detection apparatus and method

A vehicle rollover sensing apparatus and method are provided for detecting an overturn condition of the vehicle. The rollover sensing apparatus includes an angular rate sensor for sensing attitude rate of change of a vehicle and producing an output signal indicative thereof. The rollover sensing apparatus also has an integrator for integrating the sensed attitude rate of change signal over a variable time window and producing an attitude angle. The rollover sensing apparatus further includes deployment logic for comparing the attitude angle and attitude rate of change to a pair of variable threshold values, with a gray-zone that varies based on time, and an output for deploying a vehicle overturn condition signal based on the comparison. Adaptive bias removal and output minimum logic reduces bias and noise associated with the sensed signal.

Patent DE3801581C1

Metal compounds for use as initiators

The invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L)a]Xb}n, wherein these initiators preferably comprise (SbF6-) as the counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal SbF6- salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The invention also relates to preparations and epoxy systems that contain said initiators and that are especially non-thermally and/or thermally curable.

Metal compounds for use as initiators

The invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L)a]Xb}n, wherein these initiators preferably comprise (SbF6-) as the counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal SbF6- salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The invention also relates to preparations and epoxy systems that contain said initiators and that are especially non-thermally and/or thermally curable.

Metal compounds for use as initiators

The invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L)a]Xb}n, wherein these initiators preferably comprise (SbF6-) as the counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal SbF6- salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The invention also relates to preparations and epoxy systems that contain said initiators and that are especially non-thermally and/or thermally curable.

Metal compounds for use as initiators

The present invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L) a ]X b } n , wherein said initiators preferably have (SbF 6 − ) as a counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal-SbF 6 salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The present invention further relates to preparations and epoxy resin systems that contain such initiators and, in particular, are non-thermally and/or thermally curable.

Metal compounds for use as initiators

The invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L)a]Xb}n, wherein these initiators preferably comprise (SbF6 -) as the counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal SbF6 - salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The invention also relates to preparations and epoxy systems that contain said initiators and that are especially non-thermally and/or thermally curable.

Metal Compounds for Use as Initiators

New initiators comprise (a) monomeric or polymeric metal complex salts (I), containing a metal cation, a ligand (e.g. an alkene, cycloalkene or corresponding polyene) and a counter-ion (preferably hexafluoroantimonate) and/or (b) reaction products (I') obtained from a metal hexafluoroantimonate salt and a ligand. New metal complex initiators (a) are of formula ((M(L) a))X b) n (I) and/or (b) consist of complex-forming reaction products (I'), obtained from metal hexafluoroantimonate salt(s) and ligand(s) and containing cation(s) (M), ligand(s) (L) and hexafluoroantimonate counter-ion(s) (SbF 6 ->), (I') preferably having formula (I; X = SbF 6 ->). M : metal cation; L : ligand; X : counter-ion; a : 1-10 (especially 1-4), a not necessarily being an integer; b : 1-10 (especially 1-3); n : at least 1 (preferably 1-20000, especially 1-300). Independent claims are included for: (1) preparations (A) containing (I)/(I'); (2) epoxy resin systems (B) containing (I)/(I'); (3) a hardening method, involving hardening (A) or (B) by heating or irradiating; and (4) hardened products (C) obtained by hardening (A) or (B) or using the claimed hardning method.

Metal compounds for use as initiators

The present invention relates to initiators of the general formula {[M(L) a ]X b } n , wherein said initiators preferably have (SbF 6 − ) as a counterion and are obtainable by a complexing reaction of a corresponding metal-SbF 6 salt with a corresponding ligand (L). The present invention further relates to preparations and epoxy resin systems that contain such initiators and, in particular, are non-thermally and/or thermally curable.

Method for making nonthrombogenic surfaces

The specification discloses a method for reducing thrombosis of blood induced by contact with a foreign surface by treating the surface with a cationic surface-active agent, and a conventional anticoagulant, such as heparin.

COMPLEMENTING CELL LINES

Chimeric adenoviruses

Twine clamp for the binding device of balers for straw or the like.

Compressor particularly for vehicular air conditioner

(57)【要約】 【課題】 簡単かつコンパクトな構造ならびに洩れ損失 の特に少ない圧縮機を構成する。 【解決手段】 組立式ハウジングによって密閉されてい る車両の特に空気調和装置のための圧縮機において、ハ ウジング（３１）が少なくとも２つのハウジング部（３ ３、３５）から成り、前記ハウジング部のうち第１ハウ ジング部がポンプユニット（３）を収容する中空（３ ７）を取り囲み、第１壁領域（３９）を含み、前記壁領 域の肉厚が中空（３７）の高圧に合わせて設計され、か つ、第１壁領域（３９）に接する第２壁領域（４１）を 有し、前記第２壁領域の肉厚が第１壁領域の肉厚よりも 低減されており、前記第２壁領域は中空内に生ずる内圧 にさらされず、かつ、直接ハウジングの密閉に利用され ることを特徴とする。

Thermoplastic compositions, method of manufacture, and articles therefrom

This disclosure relates to polycarbonate thermoplastic compositions containing a polycarbonate, a polyester, and a surface-treated talc, methods for the manufacture of such compositions, and articles formed from the compositions.

Device for producing a filter rod for the tobacco processing industry

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (10) zum Herstellen eines Filterstrangs der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie aus einem Filtermaterial umfassend eine mit Druckluft beaufschlagbare Transportdüse (11) und eine Führungsvorrichtung (12, 17, 18), die in Förderrichtung (13) des Filtermaterials stromabwärts der Transportdüse (11) angeordnet ist, wobei das Filtermaterial durch die Transportdüse (11) und die Führungsvorrichtung (12, 17, 18) führbar oder geführt ist.Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Führungsvorrichtung (12, 17, 18) eine Führungsröhre (12) umfasst, die einen Eingang (14) und einen Ausgang (15) für das Filtermaterial aufweist, wobei ein Filtermaterialeinfädelschlitz (16) vorgesehen ist, der sich vom Eingang (14) bis zum Ausgang (15) der Führungsröhre (12) erstreckt.

Multi-function power distribution system

A power distribution system utilizing a power distribution circuit board having a front and back side with at least one connector on each side. The connector on the front side is disposed to mate with a selected power supply and the connector on the back side is disposed to mate with a substantially identical power supply. The connector on the back side is rotated 180° so that substantially identical power supplies can be located in close proximity to each other while maintaining required conductor spacing in order to provide an improved power distribution system.

Immunogenic composition comprising at least one polysaccharide and at least one protein antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae microorganism and adjuvant

Imunogenní prostredek, který obsahuje alespon jeden polysacharidový antigen mikroorganizmu Streptococcus pneumoniae, alespon jeden proteinový antigen mikroorganizmu Streptococcus pneumoniae nebo jeho imunologicky funkcní ekvivalent a adjuvans, vyvolávající odezvu TH1, pricemž jde o alespon jednu látku ze skupiny monophosporyllipid A nebo jeho derivát, saponinový imunostimulant nebo imunostimulacní oligonukleotid CpG.

Stabilized adrenomedullin derivatives and use thereof

The invention relates to novel, biologically active, stabilized Adrenomedullin (ADM) compounds. The invention further relates to the compounds for use in a method for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of cardiovascular, edematous and/or inflammatory disorders, and to medicaments comprising the compounds for treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular, edematous and/or inflammatory disorders.

Adrenomedullin-analogues for long-term stabilization and their use

The invention relates to stabilized Adrenomedullin derivatives and use thereof. In particular, the invention relates to novel, biologically active, stabilized Adrenomedullin (ADM) compounds. The invention further relates to the compounds for use in a method for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of cardiovascular, edematous and/or inflammatory disorders, and to medicaments comprising the compounds for treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular, edematous and/or inflammatory disorders.

Road vehicle with a battery change system

The invention concerns a motor vehicle ( 1 ), preferably a truck or a lorry, comprising a battery exchange station ( 2 ), the battery exchange station ( 2 ) comprising at least one battery ( 3 ), an actuator element ( 4 ) and a connecting element ( 5 ) arranged between the battery ( 3 ) and the actuator element ( 4 ), the actuator element ( 4 ) being movable from a first to a second position, such that in the first position the at least one battery ( 3 ) is arranged completely under the motor vehicle ( 1 ), while in the second position the at least one battery ( 3 ) is arranged completely outside, preferably behind, the motor vehicle ( 1 ).

feed element, and, feed system for metal casting

Gas turbine combustion chamber

【課題】新しいタイプのガスタービン燃焼室を作り出すこと。【解決手段】燃焼室ハウジング１１とバーナー１２とガスタービン燃焼室１０の主要燃焼領域１６を含む燃焼室ハウジング１１内に配置された火炎管１５とを有するガスタービン燃焼室１０であって、火炎管１５の上流端に火炎管カバー１７が配置され、火炎管カバー１７の領域に、バーナー１２の混合管１９が延在し、混合管１９は、ガスタービン燃焼室１０の予主要燃焼領域２１を画定し、混合管１９と火炎管カバー１７との間には、軸線方向空気流路２０が形成され、軸線方向空気流路２０を介して、空気を混合管１９に沿って軸線方向に誘導でき、火炎管カバー１７へ向けて、半径方向空気流路２２が導入され、半径方向空気流路２２を介して、空気を、軸線方向空気流路２０に続いて、火炎管カバー１７を冷却するために、火炎管カバー１７の半径方向に誘導できる。【選択図】図１